UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL DE LOJA

ÁREA AGROPECUARIA Y DE LOS RECURSOS NATURALES

RENOVABLES

Las tablas fueron generadas en el Centro de Estadística y Cálculo del

Colegio de Postgraduados de Chapingo por Alejandro Serrano Muñoz
 1

Tabla A. Probabilidades acumuladas de la distribución Binomial1

p
c 0.05 0.10 0.15 0.20 0.25 0.30 0.35 0.40 0.45 0.50
n=1 0 0.9500 0.9000 0.8500 0.8000 0.7500 0.7000 0.6500 0.6000 0.5500 0.5000
1 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1 .0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000

n=2 0 0.9025 0.8100 0.7225 0.6400 0.5625 0.4900 0.4225 0.3600 0.3025 0.2500
1 0.9975 0.9900 0.9775 0.9600 0.9375 0.9100 0.8775 0.8400 0.7975 0.7500
2 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000

n=3 0 0.8574 0.7290 0.6141 0.5120 0.4219 0.3430 0.2746 0.2160 0.1664 0.1250
1 0.9928 0.9720 0.9393 0.8960 0.8438 0.7840 0.7182 0.6480 0.5748 0.5000
2 0.9999 0.9990 0.9966 0.9920 0.9844 0.9730 0.9571 0.9360 0.9089 0.8750
3 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000

n=4 0 0.8145 0.6561 0.5220 0.4096 0.3164 0.2401 0.1785 0.1296 0.0915 0.0625
1 0.9880 0.9477 0.8905 0.8192 0.7383 0.6517 0.5630 0.4752 0.3910 0.3125
2 0.9995 0.9963 0.9880 0.9728 0.9492 0.9163 0.8735 0.8208 0.7585 0.6875
3 1.0000 0.9999 0.9995 0.9984 0.9961 0.9919 0.9850 0.9744 0.9590 0.9375
4 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000

n=5 0 0.7738 0.5905 0.4437 0.3277 0.2373 0.1681 0.1160 0.0778 0.0503 0.0313
1 0.9774 0.9185 0.8352 0.7373 0.6328 0.5282 0.4284 0.3370 0.2562 0.1875
2 0.9988 0.9914 0.9734 0.9421 0.8965 0.8369 0.7648 0.6826 0.5931 0.5000
3 1.0000 0.9995 0.9978 0.9933 0.9844 0.9692 0.9460 0.9130 0.8688 0.8125
4 1.0000 1.0000 0.9999 0.9997 0.9990 0.9976 0.9947 0.9898 0.9815 0.9687
5 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000

n=6 0 0.7351 0.5314 0.3771 0.2621 0.1780 0.1176 0.0754 0.0467 0.0277 0.0156
1 0.9672 0.8857 0.7765 0.6554 0.5339 0.4202 0.3191 0.2333 0.1636 0.1094
2 0.9978 0.9841 0.9527 0.9011 0.8306 0.7443 0.6471 0.5443 0.4415 0.3438
3 0.9999 0.9987 0.9941 0.9830 0.9624 0.9295 0.8826 0.8208 0.7447 0.6563
4 1.0000 0.9999 0.9996 0.9984 0.9954 0.9891 0.9777 0.9590 0.9308 0.8906
5 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 0.9999 0.9998 0.9993 0.9982 0.9959 0.9917 0.9844
6 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000

n=7 0 0.6983 0.4783 0.3206 0.2097 0.1335 0.0824 0.0490 0.0280 0.0152 0.0078
1 0.9556 0.8503 0.7166 0.5767 0.4449 0.3294 0.2338 0.1586 0.1024 0.0625
2 0.9962 0.9743 0.9262 0.8520 0.7564 0.6471 0.5323 0.4199 0.3164 0.2266
3 0.9998 0.9973 0.9879 0.9667 0.9294 0.8740 0.8002 0.7102 0.6083 0.5000
4 1.0000 0.9998 0.9988 0.9953 0.9871 0.9712 0.9444 0.9037 0.8471 0.7734
5 1.0000 1.0000 0.9999 0.9996 0.9987 0.9962 0.9910 0.9812 0.9643 0.9375
6 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 0.9999 0.9998 0.9994 0.9984 0.9963 0.9922
7 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000

n=8 0 0.6634 0.4305 0.2725 0.1678 0.1001 0.0576 0.0319 0.0168 0.0084 0.0039
1 0.9428 0.8131 0.6572 0.5033 0.3671 0.2553 0.1691 0.1064 0.0632 0.0352
2 0.9942 0.9619 0.8948 0.7969 0.6785 0.5518 0.4278 0.3154 0.2201 0.1445
3 0.9996 0.9950 0.9786 0.9437 0.8862 0.8059 0.7064 0.5941 0.4770 0.3633
4 1.0000 0.9996 0.9971 0.9896 0.9727 0.9420 0.8939 0.8263 0.7396 0.6367
5 1.0000 1 .0000 0.9998 0.9988 0.9958 0.9887 0.9747 0.9502 0.9115 0.8555
6 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 0.9999 0.9996 0.9987 0.9964 0.9915 0.9819 0.9648
7 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 0.9999 0.9998 0.9993 0.9983 0.9961
8 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000

c
' n$ x n− x
1
Si X ~ B¡n (n, P), la tabla da valores de P(X ≤ c), c =0, 1, ..., n . P(X ≤ c) = ∑ %% x ""p (1 − p)
x =0 & #
2

Tabla A. (continuación)
p
c 0.55 0.60 0.65 0.70 0.75 0.80 0.85 0,90 0.95
n=1 0 0.4500 0.4000 0.3500 0.3000 0.2500 0.2000 0.1500 0.1000 0.0500
1 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000

n=2 0 0.2025 0.1600 0.1225 0.0900 0.0625 0.0400 0.0225 0.0100 0.0025
1 0.6975 0.6400 0.5775 0.5100 0.4375 0.3600 0.2775 0.1900 0.0975
2 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000

n=3 0 0.0911 0.0640 0.0429 0.0270 0.0156 0.0080 0.0034 0.0010 0.0001
1 0.4253 0.3520 0.2818 0.2160 0.1563 0.1040 0.0608 0.0280 0.0073
2 0.8336 0.7840 0.7254 0.6570 0.5781 0.4880 0.3859 0.2710 0.1426
3 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000

n=4 0 0.0410 0.0256 0.0150 0.0081 0.0039 0.0016 0.0005 0.0001 0.0000
1 0.2415 0.1792 0.1265 0.0837 0.0508 0.0272 0.0120 0.0037 0.0005
2 0.6090 0.5248 0.4370 0.3483 0.2617 0.1808 0.1095 0.0523 0.0140
3 0.9085 0.8704 0.8215 0.7599 0.6836 0.5904 0.4780 0.3439 0.1855
4 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000

n=5 0 0.0185 0.0102 0.0053 0.0024 0.0010 0.0003 0.0001 0.0000 0.0000
1 0.1312 0.0870 0.0540 0.0308 0.0156 0.0067 0.0022 0.0005 0.0000
2 0.4069 0.3174 0.2352 0.1631 0.1035 0.0579 0.0266 0.0086 0.0012
3 0.7438 0.6630 0.5716 0.4718 0.3672 0.2627 0.1648 0.0815 0.0226
4 0.9497 0.9222 0.8840 0.8319 0.7627 0.6723 0.5563 0.4095 0.2262
5 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000

n=6 0 0.0083 0.0041 0.0018 0.0007 0.0002 0.0001 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
1 0.0692 0.0410 0.0223 0.0109 0.0046 0.0016 0.0004 0.0001 0.0000
2 0.2553 0.1792 0.1174 0.0705 0.0376 0.0170 0.0059 0.0013 0.0001
3 0.5585 0.4557 0.3529 0.2557 0.1694 0.0989 0.0473 0.0159 0.0022
4 0.8364 0.7667 0.6809 0.5798 0.4661 0.3446 0.2235 0.1143 0.0328
5 0.9723 0.9533 0.9246 0.8824 0.8220 0.7379 0.6229 0.4686 0.2649
6 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000

n=7 0 0.0037 0.0016 0.0006 0.0002 0.0001 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
1 0.0357 0.0188 0.0090 0.0038 0.0013 0.0004 0.0001 0.0000 0.0000
2 0.1529 0.0963 0.0556 0.0288 0.0129 0.0047 0.0012 0.0002 0.0000
3 0.3917 0.2898 0.1998 0.1260 0.0706 0.0333 0.0121 0.0027 0.0002
4 0.6836 0.5801 0.4677 0.3529 0.2436 0.1480 0.0738 0.0257 0.0038
5 0.8976 0.8414 0.7662 0.6706 0.5551 0.4233 0.2834 0.1497 0.0444
6 0.9848 0.9720 0.9510 0.9176 0.8665 0.7903 0.6794 0.5217 0.3017
7 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000

n=8 0 0.0017 0.0007 0.0002 0.0001 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
1 0.0181 0.0085 0.0036 0.0013 0.0004 0.0001 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
2 0.0885 0.0498 0.0253 0.0013 0.0042 0.0012 0.0002 0.0000 0.0000
3 0.2604 0.1737 0.1061 0.0580 0.0273 0.0104 0.0029 0.0004 0.0000
4 0.5230 0.4059 0.2936 0.1941 0.1138 0.0563 0.0214 0.0050 0.0004
5 0.7799 0.6846 0.5722 0.4482 0.3215 0.2031 0.1052 0.0381 0.0058
6 0.9368 0.8936 0.8309 0.7447 0.6329 0.4967 0.3428 0.1869 0.0572
7 0.9916 0.9832 0.9681 0.9424 0.8999 0.8322 0.7275 0.5695 0.3366
8 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000
 3

Tabla A. (continuación)
p
c 0.05 0.10 0.15 0.20 0.25 0.30 0.35 0.40 0.45 0.50
n=9 0 0.6302 0.3874 0.2316 0.1342 0.0751 0.0404 0.0207 0.0101 0.0046 0.0020
1 0.9288 0.7748 0.5995 0.4362 0.3003 0.1960 0.1211 0.0705 0.0385 0.0195
2 0.9916 0.9470 0.8591 0.7382 0.6007 0.4628 0.3373 0.2318 0.1495 0.0898
3 0.9994 0.9917 0.9661 0.9144 0.8343 0.7297 0.6089 0.4826 0.3614 0.2539
4 1.0000 0.9991 0.9944 0.9804 0.9511 0.9012 0.8283 0.7334 0.6214 0.5000
5 1.0000 0.9999 0.9994 0.9969 0.9900 0.9747 0.9464 0.9006 0.8342 0.7461
6 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 0.9997 0.9987 0.9957 0.9888 0.9750 0.9502 0.9102
7 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 0.9999 0.9996 0.9986 0.9962 0.9909 0.9805
8 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 0.9999 0.9997 0.9992 0.9980
9 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000

n=10 0 0.5987 0.3487 0.1969 0.1074 0.0563 0.0282 0.0135 0.0060 0.0025 0.0010
1 0.9139 0.7361 0.5443 0.3758 0.2440 0.1493 0.0860 0.0464 0.0233 0.0107
2 0.9885 0.9298 0.8202 0.6778 0.5256 0.3828 0.2616 0.1673 0.0996 0.0547
3 0.9990 0.9872 0.9500 0.8791 0.7759 0.6496 0.5138 0.3823 0.2660 0.1719
4 0.9999 0.9984 0.9901 0.9672 0.9219 0.8497 0.7515 0.6331 0.5044 0.3770
5 1.0000 0.9999 0.9986 0.9936 0.9803 0.9527 0.9051 0.8338 0.7384 0.6230
6 1.0000 1.0000 0.9999 0.9991 0.9965 0.9894 0.9740 0.9452 0.8980 0.8281
7 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 0.9999 0.9996 0.9984 0.9952 0.9877 0.9726 0.9453
8 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 0.9999 0.9995 0.9983 0.9955 0.9893
9 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 0.9999 0.9997 0.9990
10 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000

n=11 0 0.5688 0.3138 0.1673 0.0859 0.0422 0.0198 0.0088 0.0036 0.0014 0.0005
1 0.8981 0.6974 0.4922 0.3221 0.1971 0.1130 0.0606 0.3002 0.0139 0.0059
2 0.9848 0.9104 0.7788 0.6174 0.4552 0.3127 0.2001 0.1189 0.0652 0.0327
3 0.9984 0.9815 0.9306 0.8389 0.7133 0.5696 0.4256 0.2963 0.1911 0.1133
4 0.9999 0.9972 0.9841 0.9496 0.8854 0.7897 0.6683 0.5328 0.3971 0.2744
5 1.0000 0.9997 0.9973 0.9883 0.9657 0.9218 0.8513 0.7535 0.6331 0.5000
6 1.0000 1.0000 0.9997 0.9980 0.9924 0.9784 0.9499 0.9006 0.8262 0.7256
7 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 0.9998 0.9988 0.9957 0.9878 0.9707 0.9390 0.8867
8 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 0.9999 0.9994 0.9980 0.9941 0.9852 0.9673
9 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 0.9998 0.9993 0.9978 0.9941
10 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 0.9998 0.9995
11 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000

n=12 0 0.5404 0.2824 0.1422 0.0687 0.0317 0.0138 0.0057 0.0022 0.0008 0.0000
1 0.8816 0.6590 0.4435 0.2749 0.1584 0.0850 0.0424 0.196 0.0083 0.0032
2 0.9804 0.8891 0.7358 0.5583 0.3907 0.2528 0.1513 0.0834 0.0421 0.0193
3 0.9978 0.9744 0.9078 0.7946 0.6488 0.4925 0.3467 0.2253 0.1345 0.0730
4 0.9998 0.9957 0.9761 0.9274 0.8424 0.7237 0.5833 0.4382 0.3044 0.1938
5 1.0000 0.9995 0.9954 0.9806 0.9456 0.8822 0.7873 0.6652 0.5269 0.3872
6 1.0000 0.9999 0.9993 0.9961 0.9857 0.9614 0.9154 0.8418 0.7393 0.6128
7 1.0000 1.0000 0.9999 0.9994 0.9972 0.9905 0.9745 0.9427 0.8883 0.8062
8 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 0.9999 0.9996 0.9983 0.9944 0.9847 0.9644 0.9270
9 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 0.9998 0.9992 0.9972 0.9921 0.9807
10 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 0.9999 0.9997 0.9989 0.9968
11 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 0.9999 0.9998
12 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000

n=13 0 0.5133 0.2542 0.1209 0.0550 0.0238 0.0097 0.0037 0.0013 0.0004 0.0001
1 0.8646 0.6213 0.3983 0.2336 0.1267 0.0637 0.0296 0.0126 0.0049 0.0017
2 0.9755 0.8661 0.6920 0.5017 0.3326 0.2025 0.1132 0.0579 0.0269 0.0112
3 0.9969 0.9658 0.8820 0.7473 0.5843 0.4206 0.2783 0.1686 0.0929 0.0461
4 0.9997 0.9935 0.9658 0.9009 0.7940 0.6543 0.5005 0.3530 0.2279 0.1334
4

Tabla A. (continuación) p
c 0.55 0.60 0.65 0.70 0.75 0.80 0.85 0.90 0.95
n=9 0 0.0008 0.0003 0.0001 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
1 0.0091 0.0038 0.0014 0.0004 0.0001 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
2 0.0498 0.0250 0.0112 0.0043 0.0013 0.0003 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
3 0.1658 0.0994 0.0536 0.0253 0.0100 0.0031 0.0006 0.0001 0.0000
4 0.3786 0.2666 0.1717 0.0988 0.0489 0.0196 0.0056 0.0009 0.0000
5 0.6386 0.5174 0.3911 0.2703 0.1657 0.0856 0.0339 0.0083 0.0006
6 0.8505 0.7682 0.6627 0.5372 0.3993 0.2618 0.1409 0.0530 0.0084
7 0.9615 0.9295 0.8789 0.8040 0.6997 0.5638 0.4005 0.2252 0.0712
8 0.9954 0.9899 0.9793 0.9596 0.9249 0.8658 0.7684 0.6126 0.3698
9 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000

n=10 0 0.0003 0.0001 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
1 0.0045 0.0017 0.0005 0.0001 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
2 0.0274 0.0123 0.0048 0.0016 0.0004 0.0001 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
3 0.1020 0.0548 0.0260 0.0106 0.0085 0.0009 0.0001 0.0000 0.0000
4 0.2616 0.1662 0.0949 0.0473 0.0197 0.0064 0.0014 0.0001 0.0000
5 0.4956 0.3669 0.2485 0.1503 0.0781 0.0328 0.0099 0.0016 0.0001
6 0.7340 0.6177 0.4862 0.3504 0.2241 0.1209 0.0500 0.0128 0.0010
7 0.9004 0.8327 0.7384 0.6172 0.4744 0.3222 0.1798 0.0702 0.0115
8 0.9767 0.9536 0.9140 0.8507 0.7560 0.6242 0.4557 0.2639 0.0861
9 0.9975 0.9940 0.9865 0.9718 0.9437 0.8926 0.8031 0.6513 0.4013
10 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000

n=11 0 0.0002 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
1 0.0022 0.0007 0.0002 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
2 0.0148 0.0059 0.0020 0.0006 0.0001 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
3 0.0610 0.0293 0.0122 0.0043 0.0012 0.0002 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
4 0.1738 0.0994 0.0501 0.0216 0.0076 0.0020 0.0003 0.0000 0.0000
5 0.3669 0.2465 0.1487 0.0782 0.0343 0.0117 0.0027 0.0003 0.0000
6 0.6029 0.4672 0.3317 0.2103 0.1146 0.0504 0.0159 0.0028 0.0001
7 0.8089 0.7037 0.5744 0.4304 0.2867 0.1611 0.0694 0.0185 0.0016
8 0.9348 0.8811 0.7999 0.6873 0.5448 0.3826 0.2212 0.0896 0.0152
9 0.9861 0.9698 0.9394 0.8870 0.8029 0.6779 0.5078 0.3026 0.1019
10 0.9986 0.9964 0.9912 0.9802 0.9578 0.9141 0.8327 0.6862 0.4312
11 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000

n=12 0 0.0001 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
1 0.0011 0.0003 0.0001 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
2 0.0079 0.0028 0.0008 0.0002 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
3 0.0356 0.0153 0.0056 0.0017 0.0004 0.0001 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
4 0.1117 0.0573 0.0255 0.0095 0.0028 0.0006 0.0001 0.0000 0.0000
5 0.2607 0.1582 0.0846 0.0386 0.0143 0.0039 0.0007 0.0001 0.0000
6 0.4731 0.3348 0.2127 0.1178 0.0544 0.0194 0.0046 0.0005 0.0000
7 0.6956 0.5618 0.4167 0.2763 0.1576 0.0726 0.0239 0.0043 0.0002
8 0.8655 0.7747 0.6533 0.5075 0.3512 0.2054 0.0922 0.0256 0.0022
9 0.9579 0.9166 0.8487 0.7472 0.6093 0.4417 0.2642 0.1109 0.0196
10 0.9917 0.9804 0.9576 0.9150 0.8416 0.7251 0.5565 0.3410 0.1184
11 0.9992 0.9978 0.9943 0.9862 0.9683 0.9313 0.8578 0.7176 0.4596
12 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000

n=13 0 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
1 0.0005 0.0001 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
2 0.0041 0.0013 0.0003 0.0001 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
3 0.0203 0.0078 0.0025 0.0007 0.0001 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
4 0.0698 0.0321 0.0126 0.0040 0.0010 0.0002 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
 5

Tabla A. (continuación)
p
c 0.05 0.10 0.15 0.20 0.25 0.30 0.35 0.40 0.45 0.50
n=13 5 1.0000 0.9991 0.9925 0.9700 0.9198 0.8346 0.7159 0.5744 0.4268 0.2905
6 1.0000 0.9999 0.9987 0.9930 0.9757 0.9376 0.8705 0.7712 0.6437 0.5000
7 1.0000 1.0000 0.9998 0.9988 0.9944 0.9818 0.9538 0.9023 0.8212 0.7095
8 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 0.9998 0.9990 0.9960 0.9874 0.9679 0.9302 0.8666
9 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 0.9999 0.9993 0.9975 0.9922 0.9797 0.9539
10 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 0.9999 0.9997 0.9987 0.9959 0.9888
11 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 0.9999 0.9995 0.9983
12 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 0.9999
13 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000

n=14 0 0.4877 0.2288 0.1028 0.0440 0.0178 0.0068 0.0024 0.0008 0.0002 0.0001
1 0.8470 0.5846 0.3567 0.1979 0.1010 0.0475 0.0205 0.0081 0.0029 0.0009
2 0.9699 0.8416 0.6479 0.4481 0.2811 0.1608 0.0839 0.0398 0.0170 0.0065
3 0.9958 0.9559 0.8535 0.6982 0.5213 0.3552 0.2205 0.1243 0.0632 0.0287
4 0.9996 0.9908 0.9533 0.8702 0.7415 0.5842 0.4227 0.2793 0.1672 0.0898
5 1.0000 0.9985 0.9885 0.9561 0.8883 0.7805 0.6405 0.4859 0.3373 0.2120
6 1.0000 0.9998 0.9978 0.9884 0.9617 0.9067 0.8164 0.6925 0.5461 0.3953
7 1.0000 1.0000 0.9997 0.9976 0.9897 0.9685 0.9247 0.8499 0.7414 0,6047
8 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 0.9996 0.9978 0.9917 0.9757 0.9417 0.8811 0.7880
9 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 0.9997 0.9983 0.9940 0.9825 0.9574 0.9102
10 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 0.9998 0.9989 0.9961 0.9886 0.9713
11 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 0.9999 0.9994 0.9978 0.9935
12 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 0.9999 0.9997 0.9991
13 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 0.9999
14 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000

n=15 0 0.4633 0.2059 0.0874 0.0352 0.0134 0.0047 0.0016 0.0005 0.0001 0.0000
1 0.8290 0.5490 0.3186 0.1671 0.0802 0.0353 0.0142 0.0052 0.0017 0.0005
2 0.9638 0.8159 0.6042 0.3980 0.2361 0.1268 0.0617 0.0271 0.0107 0.0037
3 0.9945 0.9444 0.8227 0.6482 0.4613 0.2969 0.1727 0.0905 0.0424 0.0176
4 0.9994 0.9873 0.9383 0.8358 0.6865 0.5155 0.3519 0.2173 0.1204 0.0592
5 0.9999 0.9978 0.9832 0.9389 0.8516 0.7216 0.5643 0.4032 0.2608 0.1509
6 1.0000 0.9997 0.9964 0.9819 0.9434 0.8689 0.7548 0.6098 0.4522 0.3036
7 1.0000 1.0000 0.9994 0.9958 0.9827 0.9500 0.8868 0.7869 0.6535 0.5000
8 1.0000 1.0000 0.9999 0.9992 0.9958 0.9848 0.9578 0.9050 0.8182 0.6964
9 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 0.9999 0.9992 0.9963 0.9876 0.9662 0.9231 0.8491
10 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 0.9999 0.9993 0.9972 0.9907 0.9745 0.9408
11 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 0.9999 0.9995 0.9981 0.9937 0.9824
12 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 0.9999 0.9997 0.9989 0.9963
13 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 0.9999 0.9995
14 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000
15 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000

n=16 0 0.4401 0.1853 0.0743 0.0281 0.0100 0.0033 0.0010 0.0003 0.0001 0.0000
1 0.8108 0.5147 0.2839 0.1407 0.0635 0.0261 0.0098 0.0033 0.0010 0.0003
2 0.9571 0.7892 0.5614 0.3518 0.1971 0.0994 0.0451 0.0183 0.0066 0.0021
3 0.9930 0.9316 0.7899 0.5981 0.4050 0.2459 0.1339 0.0651 0.0281 0.0106
4 0.9991 0.9830 0.9209 0.7982 0.6302 0.4499 0.2892 0.1666 0.0853 0.0384
5 0.9999 0.9967 0.9765 0.9183 0.8103 0.6598 0.4900 0.3288 0.1976 0.1051
6 1.0000 0.9995 0.9944 0.9733 0.9204 0.8247 0.6881 0.5272 0.3660 0.2272
7 1.0000 0.9999 0.9989 0.9930 0.9729 0.9256 0.8406 0.7161 0.5629 0.4018
8 1.0000 1.0000 0.9998 0.9985 0.9925 0.9743 0.9329 0.8577 0.7441 0.5982
9 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 0.9998 0.9984 0.9929 0.9771 0.9417 0.8759 0.7728
10 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 0.9997 0.9984 0.9938 0.9809 0.9514 0.8949
6

Tabla A. (continuación)
p
c 0.55 0.60 0.65 0.70 0.75 0.80 0.85 0.90 0.95
n=13 5 0.1788 0.0977 0.0462 0.0182 0.0056 0.0012 0.0002 0.0000 0.0000
6 0.3563 0.2288 0.1295 0.0624 0.0243 0.0070 0.0013 0.0001 0.0000
7 0.5732 0.4256 0.2841 0.1654 0.0802 0.0300 0.0075 0.0009 0.0000
8 0.7721 0.6470 0.4995 0.3457 0.2060 0.0991 0.0342 0.0065 0.0003
9 0.9071 0.8314 0.7217 0.5794 0.4157 0.2527 0.1180 0.0342 0.0031
10 0.9731 0.9421 0.8868 0.7975 0.6674 0.4983 0.3080 0.1339 0.0245
11 0.9951 0.9874 0.9704 0.9363 0.8733 0.7664 0.6017 0.3787 0.1354
12 0.9996 0.9987 0.9963 0.9903 0.9762 0.9450 0.8791 0.7458 0.4867
13 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000

n=14 0 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
1 0.0003 0.0001 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
2 0.0022 0.0006 0.0001 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
3 0.0114 0.0039 0.0011 0.0002 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
4 0.0426 0.0175 0.0060 0.0017 0.0003 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
5 0.1189 0.0583 0.0243 0.0083 0.0022 0.0004 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
6 0.2586 0.1501 0.0753 0.0315 0.0103 0.0024 0.0003 0.0000 0.0000
7 0.4539 0.3075 0.1836 0.0933 0.0383 0.0116 0.0022 0.0002 0.0000
8 0.6627 0.5141 0.3595 0.2195 0.1117 0.0439 0.0115 0.0015 0.0000
9 0.8328 0.7207 0.5773 0.4158 0.2585 0.1298 0.0467 0.0092 0.0004
10 0.9368 0.8757 0.7795 0.6448 0.4787 0.3018 0.1465 0.0441 0.0042
11 0.9830 0.9602 0.9161 0.8392 0.7189 0.5519 0.3521 0.1584 0.0301
12 0.9971 0.9919 0.9795 0.9525 0.8990 0.8021 0.6433 0.4154 0.1530
13 0.9998 0.9992 0.9976 0.9932 0.9822 0.9560 0.8972 0.7712 0.5123
14 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000

n=15 0 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
1 0.0001 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
2 0.0011 0.0003 0.0001 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
3 0.0063 0.0019 0.0005 0.0001 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
4 0.0255 0.0093 0.0028 0.0007 0.0001 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
5 0.0769 0.0338 0.0124 0.0037 0.0008 0.0001 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
6 0.1818 0.0950 0.0422 0.0152 0.0042 0.0008 0.0001 0.0000 0.0000
7 0.3465 0.2131 0.1132 0.0500 0.0173 0.0042 0.0006 0.0000 0.0000
8 0.5478 0.3902 0.2452 0.1311 0.0566 0.0181 0.0036 0.0003 0.0000
9 0.7392 0.5968 0.4357 0.2784 0.1484 0.0611 0.0168 0.0022 0.0001
10 0.8796 0.7827 0.6481 0.4845 0.3135 0.1642 0.0617 0.0127 0.0006
11 0.9576 0.9095 0.8273 0.7031 0.5387 0.3518 0.1773 0.0556 0.0055
12 0.9893 0.9729 0.9383 0.8732 0.7639 0.6020 0.3958 0.1841 0.0362
13 0.9983 0.9948 0.9858 0.9647 0.9198 0.8329 0.6814 0.4510 0.1710
14 0.9999 0.9995 0.9984 0.9953 0.9866 0.9648 0.9126 0.7941 0.5367
15 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000

n=16 0 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
1 0.0001 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
2 0.0006 0.0001 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
3 0.0035 0.0009 0.0002 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
4 0.0149 0.0049 0.0013 0.0003 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
5 0.0486 0.0191 0.0062 0.0016 0.0003 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
6 0.1241 0.0583 0.0229 0.0071 0.0016 0.0002 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
7 0.2559 0.1423 0.0671 0.0257 0.0075 0.0015 0.0002 0.0000 0.0000
8 0.4371 0.2839 0.1594 0.0744 0.0271 0.0070 0.0011 0.0001 0.0000
9 0.6340 0.4728 0.3119 0.1753 0.0796 0.0267 0.0056 0.0005 0.0000
10 0.8024 0.6712 0.5100 0.3402 0.1897 0.0817 0.0235 0.0033 0.0001
 7

Tabla A. (continuación)
p
c 0.05 0.10 0.15 0.20 0.25 0.30 0.35 0.40 0.45 0.50
n=16 11 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 0.9997 0.9987 0.9951 0.9851 0.9616
12 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 0.9998 0.9991 0.9965 0.9894
13 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 0.9999 0.9994 0.9979
14 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 0.9999 0.9997
15 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000
16 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000

n=17 0 0.4181 0.1668 0.0631 0.0225 0.0075 0.0023 0.0007 0.0002 0.0000 0.0000
1 0.7922 0.4818 0.2525 0.1182 0.0501 0.0193 0.0067 0.0021 0.0006 0.0001
2 0.9497 0.7618 0.5198 0.3096 0.1637 0.0774 0.0327 0.0123 0.0041 0.0012
3 0.9912 0.9174 0.7556 0.5489 0.3530 0.2019 0.1028 0.0464 0.0184 0.0064
4 0.9988 0.9779 0.9013 0.7582 0.5739 0.3887 0.2348 0.1260 0.0596 0.0245
5 0.9999 0.9953 0.9681 0.8943 0.7653 0.5968 0.4197 0.2639 0.1471 0.0717
6 1.0000 0.9992 0.9917 0.9623 0.8929 0.7752 0.6188 0.4478 0.2902 0.1662
7 1.0000 0.9999 0.9983 0.9891 0.9598 0.8954 0.7872 0.6405 0.4743 0.3145
8 1.0000 1.0000 0.9997 0.9974 0.9876 0.9597 0.9006 0.8011 0.6626 0.5000
9 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 0.9995 0.9969 0.9873 0.9617 0.9081 0.8166 0.6855
10 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 0.9999 0.9994 0.9968 0.9880 0.9652 0.9174 0.8338
11 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 0.9999 0.9993 0.9970 0.9894 0.9699 0.9283
12 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 0.9999 0.9994 0.9975 0.9914 0.9755
13 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 0.9999 0.9995 0.9931 0.9936
14 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 0.9999 0.9997 0.9988
15 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 0.9999
16 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000
17 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000

n=18 0 0.3972 0.1501 0.0536 0.0180 0.0056 0.0016 0.0004 0.0001 0.0000 0.0000
1 0.7735 0.4503 0.2241 0.0991 0.0395 0.0142 0.0046 0.0013 0.0003 0.0001
2 0.9419 0.7338 0.4797 0.2713 0.1353 0.0600 0.0236 0.0082 0.0025 0.0007
3 0.9891 0.9018 0.7202 0.5010 0.3057 0.1646 0.0783 0.0328 0.0120 0.0038
4 0.9985 0.9718 0.8794 0.7164 0.5187 0.3327 0.1886 0.0942 0.0411 0.0154
5 0.9998 0.9936 0.9581 0.8671 0.7175 0.5344 0.3550 0.2088 0.1077 0.0481
6 1.0000 0.9988 0.9882 0.9487 0.8610 0.7217 0.5491 0.3743 0.2258 0.1189
7 1.0000 0.9998 0.9973 0.9837 0.9431 0.8593 0.7283 0.5634 0.3915 0.2403
8 1.0000 1.0000 0.9995 0.9957 0.9807 0.9404 0.8609 0.7368 0.5778 0.4073
9 1.0000 1.0000 0.9999 0.9991 0.9946 0.9790 0.9403 0.8653 0.7473 0.5927
10 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 0.9998 0.9988 0.9939 0.9788 0.9424 0.8720 0.7597
11 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 0.9998 0.9986 0.9938 0.9797 0.9463 0.8811
12 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 0.9997 0.9986 0.9942 0.9817 0.9519
13 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 0.9997 0.9987 0.9951 0.9846
14 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 0.9998 0.9990 0.9962
15 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 0.9999 0.9993
16 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 0.9999
17 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000
18 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000

n=19 0 0.3774 0.1351 0.0456 0.0144 0.0042 0.0011 0.0003 0.0001 0.0000 0.0000
1 0.7547 0.4203 0.1985 0.0829 0.0310 0.0104 0.0031 0.0008 0.0002 0.0000
2 0.9335 0.7054 0.4413 0.2369 0.1113 0.0462 0.0170 0.0055 0.0015 0.0004
3 0.9868 0.8850 0.6841 0.4551 0.2631 0.1332 0.0591 0.0230 0.0077 0.0022
4 0.9980 0.9648 0.8556 0.6733 0.4654 0.2822 0.1500 0.0696 0.0280 0.0096
5 0.9998 0.9914 0.9463 0.8369 0.6678 0.4739 0.2968 0.1629 0.0777 0.0318
6 1.0000 0.9983 0.9837 0.9324 0.8251 0.6655 0.4812 0.3081 0.1727 0.0835
7 1.0000 0.9997 0.9959 0.9767 0.9225 0.8180 0.6656 0.4878 0.3169 0.1796
8

Tabla A. (continuación)
p
c 0.55 0.60 0.65 0.70 0.75 0.80 0.85 0.90 0.95
n=16 11 0.9147 0.8334 0.7108 0.5501 0.3698 0.2018 0.0791 0.0170 0.0009
12 0.9719 0.9349 0.8661 0.7541 0.5950 0.4019 0.2101 0.0684 0.0070
13 0.9934 0.9817 0.9549 0.9006 0.8029 0.6482 0.4386 0.2108 0.0429
14 0.9990 0.9967 0.9902 0.9739 0.9365 0.8593 0.7161 0.4853 0.1892
15 0.9999 0.9997 0.9990 0.9967 0.9900 0.9719 0.9257 0.8147 0.5599
16 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000

n=17 0 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
1 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
2 0.0003 0.0001 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
3 0.0019 0.0005 0.0001 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
4 0.0086 0.0025 0.0006 0.0001 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
5 0.0301 0.0106 0.0030 0.0007 0.0001 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
6 0.0826 0.0348 0.0120 0.0032 0.0006 0.0001 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
7 0.1834 0.0919 0.0383 0.0127 0.0031 0.0005 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
8 0.3374 0.1989 0.0994 0.0403 0.0124 0.0026 0.0003 0.0000 0.0000
9 0.5257 0.3595 0.2128 0.1046 0.0402 0.0109 0.0017 0.0001 0.0000
10 0.7098 0.5522 0.3812 0.2248 0.1071 0.0377 0.0083 0.0008 0.0000
11 0.8529 0.7361 0.5803 0.4032 0.2347 0.1057 0.0319 0.0047 0.0001
12 0.9404 0.8740 0.7652 0.6113 0.4261 0.2418 0.0987 0.0221 0.0012
13 0.9816 0.9536 0.8972 0.7981 0.6470 0.4511 0.2444 0.0826 0.0088
14 0.9959 0.9877 0.9673 0.9226 0.8363 0.6904 0.4802 0.2382 0.0503
15 0.9994 0.9979 0.9933 0.9807 0.9499 0.8818 0.7475 0.5182 0.2078
16 1.0000 0.9998 0.9993 0.9977 0.9925 0.9775 0.9369 0.8332 0.5819
17 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000

n=18 0 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
1 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
2 0.0001 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
3 0.0010 0.0002 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
4 0.0049 0.0013 0.0003 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
5 0.0183 0.0058 0.0014 0.0003 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
6 0.0537 0.0203 0.0062 0.0014 0.0002 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
7 0.1280 0.0576 0.0212 0.0061 0.0012 0.0002 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
8 0.2527 0.1347 0.0597 0.0210 0.0054 0.0009 0.0001 0.0000 0.0000
9 0.4222 0.2632 0.1391 0.0596 0.0193 0.0043 0.0005 0.0000 0.0000
10 0.6085 0.4366 0.2717 0.1407 0.0569 0.0163 0.0027 0.0002 0.0000
11 0.7742 0.6257 0.4509 0.2783 0.1390 0.0513 0.0118 0.0012 0.0000
12 0.8923 0.7912 0.6450 0.4656 0.2825 0.1329 0.0419 0.0064 0.0002
13 0.9589 0.9058 0.8114 0.6673 0.4813 0.2836 0.1206 0.0282 0.0015
14 0.9880 0.9672 0.9217 0.8354 0.6943 0.4990 0.2798 0.0982 0.0109
15 0.9975 0.9918 0.9764 0.9400 0.8647 0.7287 0.5203 0.2662 0.0581
16 0.9997 0.9987 0.9954 0.9858 0.9605 0.9009 0.7759 0.5497 0.2265
17 1.0000 0.9999 0.9996 0.9984 0.9944 0.9820 0.9464 0.8499 0.6028
18 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000

n=19 0 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
1 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
2 0.0001 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
3 0.0005 0.0001 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
4 0.0028 0.0006 0.0001 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
5 0.0109 0.0031 0.0007 0.0001 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
6 0.0342 0.0116 0.0031 0.0006 0.0001 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
7 0.0871 0.0352 0.0114 0.0028 0.0005 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
 9

Tabla A. (continuación)
p
C 0.05 0.10 0.15 0.20 0.25 0.30 0.35 0.40 0.45 0.50
n=19 8 1.0000 1.0000 0.9992 0.9933 0.9713 0.9161 0.8145 0.6675 0.4940 0.3238
9 1.0000 1.0000 0.9999 0.9984 0.9911 0.9674 0.9125 0.8139 0.6710 0.5000
10 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 0.9997 0.9977 0.9895 0.9653 0.9115 0.8159 0.6762
11 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 0.9995 0.9972 0.9886 0.9648 0.9129 0.8204
12 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 0.9999 0.9994 0.9969 0.9884 0.9658 0.9165
13 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 0.9999 0.9993 0.9969 0.9891 0.9682
14 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 0.9999 0.9994 0.9972 0.9904
15 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 0.9999 0.9995 0.9978
16 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 0.9999 0.9996
17 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000
18 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000
19 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000

n=20 0 0.3585 0.1216 0.0388 0.0115 0.0032 0.0008 0.0002 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
1 0.7358 0.3917 0.1756 0.0692 0.0243 0.0076 0.0021 0.0005 0.0001 0.0000
2 0.9245 0.6769 0.4049 0.2061 0.0913 0.0355 0.0121 0.0036 0.0009 0.0002
3 0.9841 0.8670 0.6477 0.4114 0.2252 0.1071 0.0444 0.0160 0.0049 0.0013
4 0.9974 0.9568 0.8298 0.6296 0.4148 0.2375 0.1182 0.0510 0.0189 0.0059
5 0.9997 0.9887 0.9327 0.8042 0.6172 0.4164 0.2454 0.1256 0.0553 0.0207
6 1.0000 0.9976 0.9781 0.9133 0.7858 0.6080 0.4166 0.2500 0.1299 0.0577
7 1.0000 0.9996 0.9941 0.9679 0.8982 0.7723 0.6010 0.4159 0.2520 0.1316
8 1.0000 0.9999 0.9987 0.9900 0.9591 0.8867 0.7624 0.5956 0.4143 0.2517
9 1.0000 1.0000 0.9998 0.9974 0.9861 0.9520 0.8782 0.7553 0.5914 0.4119
10 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 0.9994 0.9961 0.9829 0.9468 0.8725 0.7507 0.5881
11 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 0.9999 0.9991 0.9949 0.9804 0.9435 0.8692 0.7483
12 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 0.9998 0.9987 0.9940 0.9790 0.9420 0.8684
13 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 0.9997 0.9985 0.9935 0.9786 0.9423
14 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 0.9997 0.9984 0.9936 0.9793
15 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 0.9997 0.9985 0.9941
16 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 0.9997 0.9987
17 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 0.9998
18 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000
19 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000
20 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1 .0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000

n=21 0 0.3406 0.1094 0.0329 0.0092 0.0024 0.0006 0.0001 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
1 0.7170 0.3647 0.1550 0.0576 0.0190 0.0056 0.0014 0.0003 0.0001 0.0000
2 0.9151 0.6484 0.3705 0.1787 0.0745 0.0271 0.0086 0.0024 0.0006 0.0001
3 0.9811 0.8480 0.6113 0.3704 0.1917 0.0856 0.0331 0.0110 0.0031 0.0007
4 0.9968 0.9478 0.8025 0.5860 0.3674 0.1984 0.0924 0.0370 0.0126 0.0036
5 0.9996 0.9856 0.9173 0.7693 0.5666 0.3627 0.2009 0.0957 0.0389 0.0133
6 1.0000 0.9967 0.9713 0.8915 0.7436 0.5505 0.3567 0.2002 0.0964 0.0392
7 1.0000 0.9994 0.9917 0.9569 0.8701 0.7230 0.5365 0.3495 0.1971 0.0946
8 1.0000 0.9999 0.9980 0.9856 0.9439 0.8523 0.7059 0.5237 0.3413 0.1917
9 1.0000 1.0000 0.9996 0.9959 0.9794 0.9324 0.8377 0.6914 0.5117 0.3318
10 1.0000 1.0000 0.9999 0.9990 0.9936 0.9736 0.9228 0.8256 0.6790 0.5000
11 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 0.9998 0.9983 0.9913 0.9687 0.9151 0.8159 0.6682
12 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 0.9996 0.9976 0.9892 0.9648 0.9092 0.8083
13 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 0.9999 0.9994 0.9969 0.9877 0.9621 0.9054
14 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 0.9999 0.9993 0.9964 0.9868 0.9608
15 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 0.9999 0.9992 0.9963 0.9867
16 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 0.9998 0.9992 0.9964
17 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 0.9999 0.9993
18 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 0.9999
10

Tabla A. (continuación)
p
c 0.55 0.60 0.65 0.70 0.75 0.80 0.85 0.90 0.95
n=19 8 0.1841 0.0885 0.0347 0.0105 0.0023 0.0003 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
9 0.3290 0.1861 0.0875 0.0326 0.0089 0.0016 0.0001 0.0000 0.0000
10 0.5060 0.3325 0.1855 0.0839 0.0287 0.0067 0.0008 0.0000 0.0000
11 0.6831 0.5122 0.3344 0.1820 0.0775 0.0233 0.0041 0.0003 0.0000
12 0.8273 0.6919 0.5188 0.3345 0.1749 0.0676 0.0163 0.0017 0.0000
13 0.9223 0.8371 0.7032 0.5261 0.3322 0.1631 0.0537 0.0086 0.0002
14 0.9720 0.9304 0.8500 0.7178 0.5346 0.3267 0.1444 0.0352 0.0020
15 0.9923 0.9770 0.9409 0.8668 0.7369 0.5449 0.3159 0.1150 0.0132
16 0.9985 0.9945 0.9830 0.9538 0.8887 0.7631 0.5587 0.2946 0.0665
17 0.9998 0.9992 0.9969 0.9896 0.9690 0.9171 0.8015 0.5797 0.2453
18 1.0000 0.9999 0.9997 0.9989 0.9958 0.9856 0.9544 0.8649 0.6226
19 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000

n=20 0 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
1 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
2 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
3 0.0003 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
4 0.0015 0.0003 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
5 0.0064 0.0016 0.0003 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
6 0.0214 0.0065 0.0015 0.0003 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
7 0.0580 0.0210 0.0060 0.0013 0.0002 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
8 0.1308 0.0565 0.0196 0.0051 0.0009 0.0001 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
9 0.2493 0.1275 0.0532 0.0171 0.0039 0.0006 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
10 0.4086 0.2447 0.1218 0.0480 0.0139 0.0026 0.0002 0.0000 0.0000
11 0.5857 0.4044 0.2376 0.1133 0.0409 0.0100 0.0013 0.0001 0.0000
12 0.7480 0.5841 0.3990 0.2277 0.1018 0.0321 0.0059 0.0004 0.0000
13 0.8701 0.7500 0.5834 0.3920 0.2142 0.0867 0.0219 0.0024 0.0000
14 0.9447 0.8744 0.7546 0.5836 0.3828 0.1958 0.0673 0.0113 0.0003
15 0.9811 0.9490 0.8818 0.7625 0.5852 0.3704 0.1702 0.0432 0.0026
16 0.9951 0.9840 0.9556 0.8929 0.7748 0.5886 0.3523 0.1330 0.0159
17 0.9991 0.9964 0.9879 0.9645 0.9087 0.7939 0.5951 0.3231 0.0755
18 0.9999 0.9995 0.9979 0.9924 0.9757 0.9308 0.8244 0.6083 0.2642
19 1.0000 1.0000 0.9998 0.9992 0.9968 0.9885 0.9612 0.8784 0.6415
20 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000

n=21 0 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
1 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
2 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
3 0.0001 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
4 0.0008 0.0002 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
5 0.0037 0.0008 0.0001 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
6 0.0132 0.0036 0.0007 0.0001 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
7 0.0379 0.0123 0.0031 0.0006 0.0001 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
8 0.0908 0.0352 0.0108 0.0024 0.0004 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
9 0.1841 0.0849 0.0313 0.0087 0.0017 0.0002 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
10 0.3210 0.1744 0.0772 0.0264 0.0064 0.0010 0.0001 0.0000 0.0000
11 0.4883 0.3086 0.1623 0.0676 0.0206 0.0041 0.0004 0.0000 0.0000
12 0.6587 0.4763 0.2941 0.1477 0.0561 0.0144 0.0020 0.0001 0.0000
13 0.8029 0.6505 0.4635 0.2770 0.1299 0.0431 0.0083 0.0006 0.0000
14 0.9036 0.7998 0.6433 0.4495 0.2564 0.1085 0.0287 0.0033 0.0000
15 0.9611 0.9043 0.7991 0.6373 0.4334 0.2307 0.0827 0.0144 0.0004
16 0.9874 0.9630 0.9076 0.8016 0.6326 0.4140 0.1975 0.0522 0.0032
17 0.9969 0.9890 0.9669 0.9144 0.8083 0.6296 0.3887 0.1520 0.0189
18 0.9994 0.9976 0.9914 0.9729 0.9255 0.8213 0.6295 0.3516 0.0849
 11

Tabla A. (continuación)
p
c 0.05 0.10 0.15 0.20 0.25 0.30 0.35 0.40 0.45 0.50
n=21 19 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000
20 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000
21 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000

n=22 0 0.3235 0.0985 0.0280 0.0074 0.0018 0.0004 0.0001 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
1 0.6982 0.3392 0.1367 0.0480 0.0149 0.0041 0.0010 0.0002 0.0000 0.0000
2 0.9052 0.6200 0.3382 0.1545 0.0606 0.0207 0.0061 0.0016 0.0003 0.0001
3 0.9778 0.8281 0.5752 0.3320 0.1624 0.0681 0.0245 0.0076 0.0020 0.0004
4 0.9960 0.9379 0.7738 0.5429 0.3235 0.1645 0.0716 0.0266 0.0083 0.0022
5 0.9994 0.9818 0.9001 0.7326 0.5168 0.3134 0.1629 0.0722 0.0271 0.0085
6 0.9999 0.9956 0.9632 0.8670 0.6994 0.4942 0.3022 0.1584 0.0705 0.0262
7 1.0000 0.9991 0.9886 0.9439 0.8385 0.6713 0.4736 0.2898 0.1518 0.0669
8 1.0000 0.9999 0.9970 0.9799 0.9254 0.8135 0.6466 0.4540 0.2764 0.1431
9 1.0000 1.0000 0.9993 0.9939 0.9705 0.9084 0.7916 0.6244 0.4350 0.2617
10 1.0000 1.0000 0.9999 0.9984 0.9900 0.9613 0.8930 0.7720 0.6037 0.4159
11 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 0.9997 0.9971 0.9860 0.9526 0.8793 0.7543 0.5841
12 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 0.9999 0.9993 0.9957 0.9820 0.9449 0.8672 0.7383
13 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 0.9999 0.9989 0.9942 0.9785 0.9383 0.8569
14 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 0.9998 0.9984 0.9930 0.9757 0.9331
15 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 0.9997 0.9981 0.9920 0.9738
16 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 0.9999 0.9996 0.9979 0.9915
17 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 0.9999 0.9995 0.9978
18 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 0.9999 0.9996
19 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 0.9999
20 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000
21 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000
22 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000

n=23 0 0.3074 0.0886 0.0238 0.0059 0.0013 0.0003 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
1 0.6794 0.3151 0.1204 0.0398 0.0116 0.0030 0.0007 0.0001 0.0000 0.0000
2 0.8948 0.5920 0.3080 0.1332 0.0492 0.0157 0.0043 0.0010 0.0002 0.0000
3 0.9742 0.8073 0.5396 0.2965 0.1370 0.0538 0.0181 0.0052 0.0012 0.0002
4 0.9951 0.9269 0.7440 0.5007 0.2832 0.1356 0.0551 0.0190 0.0055 0.0013
5 0.9992 0.9774 0.8811 0.6947 0.4685 0.2688 0.1309 0.0540 0.0186 0.0053
6 0.9999 0.9942 0.9537 0.8402 0.6537 0.4399 0.2534 0.1240 0.0510 0.0173
7 1.0000 0.9988 0.9848 0.9285 0.8037 0.6181 0.4136 0.2373 0.1152 0.0466
8 1.0000 0.9998 0.9958 0.9727 0.9037 0.7709 0.5860 0.3884 0.2203 0.1050
9 1.0000 1.0000 0.9990 0.9911 0.9592 0.8799 0.7408 0.5562 0.3636 0.2024
10 1.0000 1.0000 0.9998 0.9975 0.9851 0.9454 0.8575 0.7129 0.5278 0.3388
11 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 0.9994 0.9954 0.9786 0.9318 0.8364 0.6865 0.5000
12 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 0.9999 0.9988 0.9928 0.9717 0.9187 0.8164 0.6812
13 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 0.9997 0.9979 0.9900 0.9651 0.9063 0.7976
14 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 0.9999 0.9995 0.9970 0.9872 0.9589 0.8950
15 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 0.9999 0.9992 0.9960 0.9847 0.9534
16 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 0.9998 0.9990 0.9952 0.9827
17 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 0.9998 0.9988 0.9947
18 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 0.9998 0.9987
19 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 0.9998
20 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000
21 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000
22 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000
23 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000
12

Tabla A. (continuación)
p
C 0.55 0.60 0.65 0.70 0.75 0.80 0.85 0.90 0.95
n=21 19 0.9999 0.9997 0.9986 0.9944 0.9810 0.9424 0.8450 0.6353 0.2830
20 1.0000 1.0000 0.9999 0.9994 0.9976 0.9908 0.9671 0.8906 0.6594
21 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000

n=22 0 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
1 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
2 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
3 0.0001 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
4 0.0005 0.0001 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
5 0.0021 0.0004 0.0001 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
6 0.0080 0.0019 0.0003 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
7 0.0243 0.0070 0.0016 0.0002 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
8 0.0617 0.0215 0.0058 0.0011 0.0001 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
9 0.1328 0.0551 0.0180 0.0043 0.0007 0.0001 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
10 0.2457 0.1207 0.0474 0.0140 0.0029 0.0003 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
11 0.3963 0.2280 0.1070 0.0387 0.0100 0.0016 0.0001 0.0000 0.0000
12 0.5650 0.3756 0.2084 0.0916 0.0295 0.0061 0.0007 0.0000 0.0000
13 0.7236 0.5460 0.3534 0.1865 0.0746 0.0201 0.0030 0.0001 0.0000
14 0.8482 0.7102 0.5264 0.3287 0.1615 0.0561 0.0114 0.0009 0.0000
15 0.9295 0.8416 0.6978 0.5058 0.3006 0.1330 0.0368 0.0044 0.0001
16 0.9729 0.9278 0.8371 0.6866 0.4832 0.2674 0.0999 0.0182 0.0006
17 0.9917 0.9734 0.9284 0.8355 0.6765 0.4571 0.2262 0.0621 0.0040
18 0.9980 0.9924 0.9755 0.9319 0.8376 0.6680 0.4248 0.1719 0.0222
19 0.9997 0.9984 0.9939 0.9793 0.9394 0.8455 0.6618 0.3800 0.0948
20 1.0000 0.9998 0.9990 0.9959 0.9851 0.9520 0.8633 0.6608 0.3018
21 1.0000 1.0000 0.9999 0.9996 0.9982 0.9926 0.9720 0.9015 0.6765
22 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000

n=23 0 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
1 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
2 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
3 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
4 0.0002 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
5 0.0012 0.0002 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
6 0.0048 0.0010 0.0002 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
7 0.0153 0.0040 0.0008 0.0001 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
8 0.0411 0.0128 0.0030 0.0005 0.0001 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
9 0.0937 0.0349 0.0100 0.0021 0.0003 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
10 0.1836 0.0813 0.0283 0.0072 0.0012 0.0001 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
11 0.3135 0.1636 0.0682 0.0214 0.0046 0.0006 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
12 0.4722 0.2871 0.1425 0.0546 0.0149 0.0025 0.0002 0.0000 0.0000
13 0.6364 0.4438 0.2592 0.1201 0.0408 0.0089 0.0010 0.0000 0.0000
14 0.7797 0.6116 0.4140 0.2291 0.0963 0.0273 0.0042 0.0002 0.0000
15 0.8848 0.7627 0.5864 0.3819 0.1963 0.0715 0.0152 0.0012 0.0000
16 0.9490 0.8760 0.7466 0.5601 0.3463 0.1598 0.0463 0.0058 0.0001
17 0.9814 0.9460 0.8691 0.7312 0.5315 0.3053 0.1189 0.0226 0.0008
18 0.9945 0.9810 0.9449 0.8644 0.7168 0.4993 0.2560 0.0731 0.0049
19 0.9988 0.9948 0.9819 0.9462 0.8630 0.7035 0.4604 0.1927 0.0258
20 0.9998 0.9990 0.9957 0.9843 0.9508 0.8668 0.6920 0.4080 0.1052
21 1.0000 0.9999 0.9993 0.9970 0.9884 0.9602 0.8796 0.6849 0.3206
22 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 0.9997 0.9987 0.9941 0.9762 0.9114 0.6926
23 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000
 13

Tabla A. (continuación)
p
c 0.05 0.10 0.15 0.20 0.25 0.30 0.35 0.40 0.45 0.50
n=24 0 0.2920 0.0798 0.0202 0.0047 0.0010 0.0002 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
1 0.6608 0.2925 0.1059 0.0331 0.0090 0.0022 0.0005 0.0001 0.0000 0.0000
2 0.8841 0.5643 0.2798 0.1145 0.0398 0.0119 0.0030 0.0007 0.0001 0.0000
3 0.9702 0.7857 0.5049 0.2639 0.1150 0.0424 0.0133 0.0035 0.0008 0.0001
4 0.9940 0.9149 0.7134 0.4599 0.2466 0.1111 0.0422 0.0134 0.0036 0.0008
5 0.9990 0.9723 0.8606 0.6559 0.4222 0.2288 0.1044 0.0400 0.0127 0.0033
6 0.9999 0.9925 0.9428 0.8111 0.6074 0.3886 0.2106 0.0960 0.0364 0.0113
7 1.0000 0.9983 0.9801 0.9108 0.7662 0.5647 0.3575 0.1919 0.0863 0.0320
8 1.0000 0.9997 0.9941 0.9638 0.8787 0.7250 0.5257 0.3279 0.1730 0.0758
9 1.0000 0.9999 0.9985 0.9874 0.9453 0.8472 0.6866 0.4891 0.2991 0.1537
10 1.0000 1.0000 0.9997 0.9962 0.9787 0.9258 0.8167 0.6502 0.4539 0.2706
11 1.0000 1.0000 0.9999 0.9990 0.9928 0.9686 0.9058 0.7870 0.6151 0.4194
12 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 0.9998 0.9979 0.9885 0.9577 0.8857 0.7580 0.5806
13 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 0.9995 0.9964 0.9836 0.9465 0.8659 0.7294
14 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 0.9999 0.9990 0.9945 0.9783 0.9352 0.8463
15 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 0.9998 0.9984 0.9925 0.9731 0.9242
16 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 0.9996 0.9978 0.9905 0.9680
17 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 0.9999 0.9995 0.9972 0.9887
18 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 0.9999 0.9993 0.9967
19 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 0.9999 0.9992
20 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 0.9999
21 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000
22 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000
23 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000
24 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000

n=25 0 0.2774 0.0718 0.0172 0.0038 0.0008 0.0001 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
1 0.6424 0.2712 0.0931 0.0274 0.0070 0.0016 0.0003 0.0001 0.0000 0.0000
2 0.8729 0.5371 0.2537 0.0982 0.0321 0.0090 0.0021 0.0004 0.0001 0.0000
3 0.9659 0.7636 0.4711 0.2340 0.0962 0.0332 0.0097 0.0024 0.0005 0.0001
4 0.9928 0.9020 0.6821 0.4207 0.2137 0.0905 0.0320 0.0095 0.0023 0.0005
5 0.9988 0.9666 0.8385 0.6167 0.3783 0.1935 0.0826 0.0294 0.0086 0.0020
6 0.9998 0.9905 0.9305 0.7800 0.5611 0.3407 0.1734 0.0736 0.0258 0.0073
7 1.0000 0.9977 0.9745 0.8909 0.7265 0.5118 0.3061 0.1536 0.0639 0.0216
8 1.0000 0.9995 0.9920 0.9532 0.8506 0.6769 0.4668 0.2735 0.1340 0.0539
9 1.0000 0.9999 0.9979 0.9827 0.9287 0.8106 0.6303 0.4246 0.2424 0.1148
10 1.0000 1.0000 0.9995 0.9944 0.9703 0.9022 0.7712 0.5858 0.3843 0.2122
11 1.0000 1.0000 0.9999 0.9985 0.9893 0.9558 0.8746 0.7323 0.5426 0.3450
12 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 0.9996 0.9966 0.9825 0.9396 0.8462 0.6937 0.5000
13 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 0.9999 0.9991 0.9940 0.9745 0.9222 0.8173 0.6550
14 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 0.9998 0.9982 0.9907 0.9656 0.9040 0.7878
15 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 0.9995 0.9971 0.9868 0.9560 0.8852
16 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 0.9999 0.9992 0.9957 0.9826 0.9461
17 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 0.9998 0.9988 0.9942 0.9784
18 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 0.9997 0.9984 0.9927
19 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 0.9999 0.9996 0.9980
20 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 0.9999 0.9995
21 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 0.9999
22 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000
23 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000
24 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000
25 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000
14

Tabla A. (continuación)
p
c 0.55 0.60 0.65 0.70 0.75 0.80 0.85 0.90 0.95
n=24 0 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
1 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
2 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
3 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
4 0.0001 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
5 0.0007 0.0001 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
6 0.0028 0.0005 0.0001 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
7 0.0095 0.0022 0.0004 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
8 0.0269 0.0075 0.0016 0.0002 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
9 0.0648 0.0217 0.0055 0.0010 0.0001 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
10 0.1341 0.0535 0.0164 0.0036 0.0005 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
11 0.2420 0.1143 0.0423 0.0115 0.0021 0.0002 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
12 0.3849 0.2130 0.0942 0.0314 0.0072 0.0010 0.0001 0.0000 0.0000
13 0.5461 0.3498 0.1833 0.0742 0.0213 0.0038 0.0003 0.0000 0.0000
14 0.7009 0.5109 0.3134 0.1528 0.0547 0.0126 0.0015 0.0001 0.0000
15 0.8270 0.6721 0.4743 0.2750 0.1213 0.0362 0.0059 0.0003 0.0000
16 0.9137 0.8081 0.6425 0.4353 0.2338 0.0892 0.0199 0.0017 0.0000
17 0.9636 0.9040 0.7894 0.6114 0.3926 0.1889 0.0572 0.0075 0.0001
18 0.9873 0.9600 0.8956 0.7712 0.5778 0.3441 0.1394 0.0277 0.0010
19 0.9964 0.9866 0.9578 0.8889 0.7534 0.5401 0.2866 0.0851 0.0060
20 0.9992 0.9965 0.9867 0.9576 0.8850 0.7361 0.4951 0.2143 0.0298
21 0.9999 0.9993 0.9970 0.9881 0.9602 0.8855 0.7202 0.4357 0.1159
22 1.0000 0.9999 0.9995 0.9978 0.9910 0.9669 0.8941 0.7075 0.3392
23 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 0.9998 0.9990 0.9953 0.9798 0.9202 0.7080
24 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000

n=25 0 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
1 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
2 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
3 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
4 0.0001 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
5 0.0004 0.0001 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
6 0.0016 0.0003 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
7 0.0058 0.0012 0.0002 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
8 0.0174 0.0043 0.0008 0.0001 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
9 0.0440 0.0132 0.0029 0.0005 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
10 0.0960 0.0344 0.0093 0.0018 0.0002 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
11 0.1827 0.0778 0.0255 0.0060 0.0009 0.0001 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
12 0.3063 0.1538 0.0604 0.0175 0.0034 0.0004 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
13 0.4574 0.2677 0.1254 0.0442 0.0107 0.0015 0.0001 0.0000 0.0000
14 0.6157 0.4142 0.2288 0.0978 0.0297 0.0056 0.0005 0.0000 0.0000
15 0.7576 0.5754 0.3697 0.1894 0.0713 0.0173 0.0021 0.0001 0.0000
16 0.8660 0.7265 0.5332 0.3231 0.1494 0.0468 0.0080 0.0005 0.0000
17 0.9361 0.8464 0.6939 0.4882 0.2735 0.1091 0.0255 0.0023 0.0000
18 0.9742 0.9264 0.8266 0.6593 0.4389 0.2200 0.0695 0.0095 0.0002
19 0.9914 0.9706 0.9174 0.8065 0.6217 0.3833 0.1615 0.0334 0.0012
20 0.9977 0.9905 0.9680 0.9095 0.7863 0.5793 0.3179 0.0980 0.0072
21 0.9995 0.9976 0.9903 0.9668 0.9038 0.7660 0.5289 0.2364 0.0341
22 0.9999 0.9996 0.9979 0.9910 0.9679 0.9018 0.7463 0.4629 0.1271
23 1.0000 0.9999 0.9997 0.9984 0.9930 0.9726 0.9069 0.7288 0.3576
24 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 0.9999 0.9992 0.9962 0.9828 0.9282 0.7226
25 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000
 15

Tabla B. Probabilidades acumuladas de la distribución de Poisson2

λ
c 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 5.5
0 0.3679 0.2231 0.1353 0.0821 0.0498 0.0302 0.0183 0.0111 0.0067 0.0041
1 0.7358 0.5578 0.4060 0.2873 0.1991 0.1359 0.0916 0.0611 0.0404 0.0266
2 0.9197 0.8088 0.6767 0.5438 0.4232 0.3208 0.2381 0.1736 0.1247 0.0884
3 0.9810 0.9344 0.8571 0.7576 0.6472 0.5366 0.4335 0.3423 0.2650 0.2017
4 0.9963 0.9814 0.9473 0.8912 0.8153 0.7254 0.6288 0.5321 0.4405 0.3575
5 0.9994 0.9955 0.9834 0.9580 0.9161 0.8576 0.7851 0.7029 0.6160 0.5289
6 0.9999 0.9991 0.9955 0.9858 0.9665 0.9347 0.8893 0.8311 0.7622 0.6860
7 1.0000 0.9998 0.9989 0.9958 0.9881 0.9733 0.9489 0.9134 0.8666 0.8095
8 1.0000 1.0000 0.9998 0.9989 0.9962 0.9901 0.9786 0.9597 0.9319 0.8944
9 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 0.9997 0.9989 0.9967 0.9919 0.9829 0.9682 0.9462
10 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 0.9999 0.9997 0.9990 0.9972 0.9933 0.9863 0.9747
11 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 0.9999 0.9997 0.9991 0.9976 0.9945 0.9890
12 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 0.9999 0.9997 0.9992 0.9980 0.9955
13 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 0.9999 0.9997 0.9993 0.9983
14 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 0.9999 0.9998 0.9994
15 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 0.9999 0.9998
16 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 0.9999
17 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000
18 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000
19 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000
20 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000

λ
c 11.0 11.5 12.0 12.5 13.0 13.5 14.0 14.5 15.0 15.5
0 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
1 0.0002 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
2 0.0012 0.0008 0.0005 0.0003 0.0002 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0000 0.0000
3 0.0049 0.0034 0.0023 0.0016 0.0011 0.0007 0.0005 0.0003 0.0002 0.0001
4 0.0151 0.0107 0.0076 0.0053 0.0037 0.0026 0.0018 0.0012 0.0009 0.0006
5 0.0375 0.0277 0.0203 0.0148 0.0107 0.0077 0.0055 0.0039 0.0028 0.0020
6 0.0786 0.0603 0.0458 0.0346 0.0259 0.0193 0.0142 0.0105 0.0076 0.0055
7 0.1432 0.1137 0.0895 0.0698 0.0540 0.0415 0.0316 0.0239 0.0180 0.0135
8 0.2320 0.1906 0.1550 0.1249 0.0998 0.0790 0.0621 0.0484 0.0374 0.0288
9 0.3405 0.2888 0.2424 0.2014 0.1658 0.1353 0.1094 0.0878 0.0699 0.0552
10 0.4599 0.4017 0.3472 0.2971 0.2517 0.2112 0.1757 0.1449 0.1185 0.0961
11 0.5793 0.5198 0.4616 0.4058 0.3532 0.3045 0.2600 0.2201 0.1848 0.1538
12 0.6887 0.6329 0.5760 0.5190 0.4631 0.4093 0.3585 0.3111 0.2676 0.2283
13 0.7813 0.7330 0.6815 0.6278 0.5730 0.5182 0.4644 0.4125 0.3632 0.3171
14 0.8540 0.8153 0.7720 0.7250 0.6751 0.6233 0.5704 0.5176 0.4657 0A154
15 0.9074 0.8783 0.8444 0.8060 0.7636 0.7178 0.6694 0.6192 0.5681 0.5170
16 0.9441 0.9236 0.8987 0.8693 0.8355 0.7975 0.7559 0.7112 0.6641 0.6154
17 0.9678 0.9542 0.9370 0.9158 0.8905 0.8609 0.8272 0.7897 0.7489 0.7052
18 0.9823 0.9738 0.9626 0.9481 0.9302 0.9084 0~8826 0.8530 0.8195 0.7825
19 0.9907 0.9857 0.9787 0.9694 0.9573 0.9421 0.9235 0.9012 0.8752 0.8455
20 0.9953 0.9925 0.9884 0.9827 0.9750 0.9649 0.9521 0.9362 0.9170 0.8944

2
c
e− λ λx
Si X ~ P(λ), la tabla da valores de P(X ≤ c), c =0, 1, ..., 20 . P(X ≤ c) = ∑
x =0 x!
16

λ
c 6.0 6.5 7.0 7.5 8.0 8.5 9.0 9.5 10.0 10.5
0 0.0025 0.0015 0.0009 0.0006 0.0003 0.0002 0.0001 0.0001 0.0000 0.0000
1 0.0174 0.0113 0.0073 0.0047 0.0030 0.0019 0.0012 0.0008 0.0005 0.0003
2 0.0620 0.0430 0.0296 0.0203 0.0138 0.0093 0.0062 0.0042 0.0028 0.0018
3 0.1512 0.1118 0.0818 0.0591 0.0424 0.0301 0.0212 0.0149 0.0103 0.0071
4 0.2851 0.2237 0.1730 0.1321 0.0996 0.0744 0.0550 0.0403 0.0293 0.0211
5 0.4457 0.3690 0.3007 0.2414 0.1912 0.1496 0.1157 0.0885 0.0671 0.0504
6 0.6063 0.5265 0.4497 0.3782 0.3134 0.2562 0.2068 0.1649 0.1301 0.1016
7 0.7440 0.6728 0.5987 0.5246 0.4530 0.3856 0.3239 0.2687 0.2202 0.1785
8 0.8472 0.7916 0.7291 0.6620 0.5925 0.5231 0.4557 0.3918 0.3328 0.2794
9 0.9161 0.8774 0.8305 0.7764 0.7166 0.6530 0.5874 0.5218 0.4579 0.3971
10 0.9574 0.9332 0.9015 0.8622 0.8159 0.7634 0.7060 0.6453 0.5830 0.5207
11 0.9799 0.9661 0.9467 0.9208 0.8881 0.8487 0.8030 0.7520 0.6968 0.6387
12 0.9912 0.9840 0.9730 0.9573 0.9362 0.9091 0.8758 0.8364 0.7916 0.7420
13 0.9964 0.9929 0.9872 0.9784 0.9658 0.9486 0.9261 0.8981 0.8645 0.8253
14 0.9986 0.9970 0.9943 0.9897 0.9827 0.9726 0.9585 0.9400 0.9165 0.8879
15 0.9995 0.9988 0.9976 0.9954 0.9918 0.9862 0.9780 0.9665 0.9513 0.9317
16 0.9998 0.9996 0.9990 0.9980 0.9963 0.9934 0.9889 0.9823 0.9730 0.9604
17 0.9999 0.9998 0.9996 0.9992 0.9984 0.9970 0.9947 0.9911 0.9857 0.9781
18 1.0000 0.9999 0.9999 0.9997 0.9993 0.9987 0.9976 0.9957 0.9928 0.9885
19 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 0.9999 0.9997 0.9995 0.9989 0.9980 0.9965 0.9942
20 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 0.9999 0.9998 0.9996 0.9991 0.9984 0.9972

λ
c 16.0 16.5 17.0 17.5 18.0 18.5 19.0 19.5 20.0
0 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
1 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
2 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
3 0.0001 0.0001 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
4 0.0004 0.0003 0.0002 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
5 0.0014 0.0010 0.0007 0.0005 0.0003 0.0002 0.0002 0.0001 0.0001
6 0.0040 0.0029 0.0021 0.0015 0.0010 0.0007 0.0005 0.0004 0.0003
7 0.0100 0.0074 0.0054 0.0040 0.0029 0.0021 0.0015 0.0011 0.0008
8 0.0220 0.0167 0.0126 0.0095 0.0071 0.0052 0.0039 0.0028 0.0021
9 0.0433 0.0337 0.0261 0.0201 0.0154 0.0117 0.0089 0.0067 0.0050
10 0.0774 0.0619 0.0491 0.0387 0.0304 0.0237 0.0183 0.0141 0.0108
11 0.1270 0.1041 0.0847 0.0684 0.0549 0.0438 0.0347 0.0273 0.0214
12 0.1931 0.1621 0.1350 0.1116 0.0917 0.0748 0.0606 0.0488 0.0390
13 0.2745 0.2357 0.2009 0.1699 0.1426 0.1189 0.0984 0.0809 0.0661
14 0.3675 0.3225 0.2808 0.2426 0.2081 0.1771 0.1497 0.1257 0.1049
15 0.4667 0.4180 0.3715 0.3275 0.2867 0.2490 0.2148 0.1840 0.1565
16 0.5660 0.5165 0.4677 0.4204 0.3751 0.3321 0.2920 0.2550 0.2211
17 0.6593 0.6120 0.5640 0.5160 0.4686 0.4226 0.3784 0.3364 0.2970
18 0.7423 0.6996 0.6550 0.6089 0.5622 0.5156 0.4695 0.4246 0.3814
19 0.8122 0.7757 0.7363 0.6945 0.6509 0.6061 0.5606 0.5151 0.4703
20 0.8682 0.8385 0.8055 0.7694 0.7307 0.6898 0.6472 0.6034 0.5591
 17

Tabla C. Probabilidades acumuladas de la distribución Normal estándar.

t2
z 1 −2
La tabla da el área a la izquierda de un valor de Z o sea ∫ e dt
−∞
2π

z 0.0 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.06 0.07 0.08 0.09
-3,5 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002
-3,4 0.0003 0.0003 0.0003 0.0003 0.0003 0.0003 0.0003 0.0003 0.0003 0.0002
-3,3 0.0005 0.0005 0.0005 0.0004 0.0004 0.0004 0.0004 0.0004 0.0004 0.0003
-3,2 0.0007 0.0007 0.0006 0.0006 0.0006 0.0006 0.0006 0.0005 0.0005 0.0005
-3,1 0.0010 0.0009 0.0009 0.0009 0.0008 0.0008 0.0008 0.0008 0.0007 0.0007

-3,0 0.0013 0.0013 0.0013 0.0012 0.0012 0.0011 0.0011 0.0011 0.0010 0.0010
-2,9 0.0019 0.0018 0.0018 0.0017 0.0016 0.0016 0.0015 0.0015 0.0014 0.0014
-2,8 0.0026 0.0025 0.0024 0.0023 0.0023 0.0022 0.0021 0.0021 0.0020 0.0019
-2,7 0.0035 0.0034 0.0033 0.0032 0.0031 0.0030 0.0029 0.0028 0.0027 0.0026
-2,6 0.0047 0.0045 0.0044 0.0043 0.0041 0.0040 0.0039 0.0038 0.0037 0.0036

-2,5 0.0062 0.0060 0.0059 0.0057 0.0055 0.0054 0.0052 0.0051 0.0049 0.0048
-2,4 0.0082 0.0080 0.0078 0.0075 0.0073 0.0071 0.0069 0.0068 0.0066 0.0064
-2,3 0.0107 0.0104 0.0102 0.0099 0.0096 0.0094 0.0091 0.0089 0.0087 0.0084
-2,2 0.0139 0.0136 0.0132 0.0129 0.0125 0.0122 0.0119 0.0116 0.0113 0.0110
-2,1 0.0179 0.0174 0.0170 0.0166 0.0162 0.0158 0.0154 0.0150 0.0146 0.0143

-2,0 0.0228 0.0222 0.0217 0.0212 0.0207 0.0202 0.0197 0.0192 0.0188 0.0183
-1,9 0.0287 0.0281 0.0274 0.0268 0.0262 0.0256 0.0250 0.0244 0.0239 0.0233
-1,8 0.0359 0.0351 0.0344 0.0336 0.0329 0.0322 0.0314 0.0307 0.0301 0.0294
-1,7 0.0446 0.0436 0.0427 0.0418 0.0409 0.0401 0.0392 0.0384 0.0375 0.0367
-1,6 0.0548 0.0537 0.0526 0.0516 0.0505 0.0495 0.0485 0.0475 0.0465 0.0455

-1,5 0.0668 0.0655 0.0643 0.0630 0.0618 0.0606 0.0594 0.0582 0.0571 0.0559
-1,4 0.0808 0.0793 0.0778 0.0764 0.0749 0.0735 0.0721 0.0708 0.0694 0.0681
-1,3 0.0968 0.0951 0.0934 0.0918 0.0901 0.0885 0.0869 0.0853 0.0838 0.0823
-1,2 0.1151 0.1131 0.1112 0.1093 0.1075 0.1056 0.1038 0.1020 0.1003 0.0985
-1,1 0.1357 0.1335 0.1314 0.1292 0.1271 0.1251 0.1230 0.1210 0.1190 0.1170

-1,0 0.1587 0.1562 0.1539 0.1515 0.1492 0.1469 0.1446 0.1423 0.1401 0.1379
-0,9 0.1841 0.1814 0.1788 0.1762 0.1736 0.1711 0.1685 0.1660 0.1635 0.1611
-0,8 0.2119 0.2090 0.2061 0.2033 0.2005 0.1977 0.1949 0.1922 0.1894 0.1867
-0,7 0.2420 0.2389 0.2358 0.2327 0.2296 0.2266 0.2236 0.2206 0.2177 0.2148
-0,6 0.2743 0.2709 0.2676 0.2643 0.2611 0.2578 0.2546 0.2514 0.2483 0.2451

-0,5 0.3085 0.3050 0.3015 0.2981 0.2946 0.2912 0.2877 0.2843 0.2810 0.2776
-0,4 0.3446 0.3409 0.3372 0.3336 0.3300 0.3264 0.3228 0.3192 0.3156 0.3121
-0,3 0.3821 0.3783 0.3745 0.3707 0.3669 0.3632 0.3594 0.3557 0.3520 0.3483
-0,2 0.4207 0.4168 0.4129 0.4090 0.4052 0.4013 0.3974 0.3936 0.3897 0.3859
-0,1 0.4602 0.4562 0.4522 0.4483 0.4443 0.4404 0.4364 0.4325 0.4286 0.4247

0,0 0.5000 0.4960 0.4920 0.4880 0.4840 0.4801 0.4761 0.4721 0.4681 0.4641

z
18

Tabla C. (continuación)
Z 0.0 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.06 0.07 0.08 0.09
0,0 0.5000 0.5040 0.5080 0.5120 0.5160 0.5199 0.5239 0.5279 0.5319 0.5359
0,1 0.5398 0.5438 0.5478 0.5517 0.5557 0.5596 0.5636 0.5675 0.5714 0.5753
0,2 0.5793 0.5832 0.5871 0.5910 0.5948 0.5987 0.6026 0.6064 0.6103 0.6141
0,3 0.6179 0.6217 0.6255 0.6293 0.6331 0.6368 0.6406 0.6443 0.6480 0.6517
0,4 0.6554 0.6591 0.6628 0.6664 0.6700 0.6736 0.6772 0.6808 0.6844 0.6879

0,5 0.6915 0.6950 0.6985 0.7019 0.7054 0.7088 0.7123 0.7157 0.7190 0.7224
0,6 0.7257 0.7291 0.7324 0.7357 0.7389 0.7422 0.7454 0.7486 0.7517 0.7549
0,7 0.7580 0.7611 0.7642 0.7673 0.7704 0.7734 0.7764 0.7794 0.7823 0.7852
0,8 0.7881 0.7910 0.7939 0.7967 0.7995 0.8023 0.8051 0.8078 0.8106 0.8133
0,9 0.8159 0.8186 0.8212 0.8238 0.8264 0.8289 0.8315 0.8340 0.8365 0.8389

1,0 0.8413 0.8438 0.8461 0.8485 0.8508 0.8531 0.8554 0.8577 0.8599 0.8621
1,1 0.8643 0.8665 0.8686 0.8708 0.8729 0.8749 0.8770 0.8790 0.8810 0.8830
1,2 0.8849 0.8869 0.8888 0.8907 0.8925 0.8944 0.8962 0.8980 0.8997 0.9015
1,3 0.9032 0.9049 0.9066 0.9082 0.9099 0.9115 0.9131 0.9147 0.9162 0.9177
1,4 0.9192 0.9207 0.9222 0.9236 0.9251 0.9265 0.9279 0.9292 0.9306 0.9319

1,5 0.9332 0.9345 0.9357 0.9370 0.9382 0.9394 0.9406 0.9418 0.9429 0.9441
1,6 0.9452 0.9463 0.9474 0.9484 0.9495 0.9505 0.9515 0.9525 0.9535 0.9545
1,7 0.9554 0.9564 0.9573 0.9582 0.9591 0.9599 0.9608 0.9616 0.9625 0.9633
1,8 0.9641 0.9649 0.9656 0.9664 0.9671 0.9678 0.9686 0.9693 0.9699 0.9706
1,9 0.9713 0.9719 0.9726 0.9732 0.9738 0.9744 0.9750 0.9756 0.9761 0.9767

2,0 0.9772 0.9778 0.9783 0.9788 0.9793 0.9798 0.9803 0.9808 0.9812 0.9817
2,1 0.9821 0.9826 0.9830 0.9834 0.9838 0.9842 0.9846 0.9850 0.9854 0.9857
2,2 0.9861 0.9864 0.9868 0.9871 0.9875 0.9878 0.9881 0.9884 0.9887 0.9890
2,3 0.9893 0.9896 0.9898 0.9901 0.9904 0.9906 0.9909 0.9911 0.9913 0.9916
2,4 0.9918 0.9920 0.9922 0.9925 0.9927 0.9929 0.9931 0.9932 0.9934 0.9936

2,5 0.9938 0.9940 0.9941 0.9943 0.9945 0.9946 0.9948 0.9949 0.9951 0.9952
2,6 0.9953 0.9955 0.9956 0.9957 0.9959 0.9960 0.9961 0.9962 0.9963 0.9964
2,7 0.9965 0.9966 0.9967 0.9968 0.9969 0.9970 0.9971 0.9972 0.9973 0.9974
2,8 0.9974 0.9975 0.9976 0.9977 0.9977 0.9978 0.9979 0.9979 0.9980 0.9981
2,9 0.9981 0.9982 0.9982 0.9983 0.9984 0.9984 0.9985 0.9985 0.9986 0.9986

3,0 0.9987 0.9987 0.9987 0.9988 0.9988 0.9989 0.9989 0.9989 0.9990 0.9990
3,1 0.9990 0.9991 0.9991 0.9991 0.9992 0.9992 0.9992 0.9992 0.9993 0.9993
3,2 0.9993 0.9993 0.9994 0.9994 0.9994 0.9994 0.9994 0.9995 0.9995 0.9995
3,3 0.9995 0.9995 0.9995 0.9996 0.9996 0.9996 0.9996 0.9996 0.9996 0.9997
3,4 0.9997 0.9997 0.9997 0.9997 0.9997 0.9997 0.9997 0.9997 0.9997 0.9998
3,5 0.9998 0.9998 0.9998 0.9998 0.9998 0.9998 0.9998 0.9998 0.9998 0.9998

z
 19

Tabla D. Valores seleccionados de X2 (υ) α

En la distribución Ji-Cuadrada con υ grados de libertad

la tabla proporciona el valor X2 (υ) tal que P(X2 ≥ X2 (υ)) = α.
α υ α

α
0.001 0.005 0.010 0.025 0.050 0.950 0.975 0.990 0.995 0.999
υ
1 10.8276 7.8794 6.6349 5.0239 3.8415 0.0039 0.0010 0.0002 0.0000 0.0000
2 13.8155 10.5966 9.2103 7.3778 5.9915 0.1026 0.0506 0.0201 0.0100 0.0020
3 16.2662 12.8382 11.3449 9.3484 7.8147 0.3518 0.2158 0.1148 0.0717 0.0243
4 18.4668 14.8603 13.2767 11.1433 9.4877 0.7107 0.4844 0.2971 0.2070 0.0908
5 20.5150 16.7496 15.0863 12.8325 11.0705 1.1455 0.8312 0.5543 0.4117 0.2102
6 22.4577 18.5476 16.8119 14.4494 12.5916 1.6354 1.2373 0.8721 0.6757 0.3811
7 24.3219 20.2777 18.4753 16.0128 14.0671 2.1673 1.6899 1.2390 0.9893 0.5931
8 26.1244 21.9550 20.0902 17.5345 15.5073 2.7326 2.1797 1.6465 1.3444 0.8571
9 27.8771 23.5893 21.6660 19.0228 16.9190 3.3251 2.7004 2.0879 1.7349 1.1519

10 29.5883 25.1882 23.2092 20.4832 18.3070 3.9403 3.2470 2.5582 2.1559 1.4787
11 31.2641 26.7568 24.7250 21.9200 19.6751 4.5748 3.8157 3.0535 2.6032 1.8339
12 32.9095 28.2995 26.2170 23.3367 21.0261 5.2260 4.4038 3.5706 3.0738 2.2142
13 34.5282 29.8195 27.6882 24.7356 22.3620 5.8919 5.0088 4.1069 3.5650 2.6172
14 36.1233 31.3193 29.1412 26.1189 23.6848 6.5706 5.6287 4.6604 4.0747 3.0407
15 37.6973 32.8013 30.5779 27.4884 24.9958 7.2609 6.2621 5.2293 4.6009 3.4827
16 39.2523 34.2672 31.9999 28.8453 26.2962 7.9616 6.9077 5.8122 5.1422 3.9416
17 40.7902 35.7185 33.4087 30.1910 27.5871 8.6718 7.5642 6.4078 5.6972 4.4161
18 42.3124 37.1564 34.8053 31.5264 28.8693 9.3905 8.2307 7.0149 6.2648 4.9048
19 43.8202 38.5823 36.1909 32.8523 30.1435 10.1170 8.9065 7.6327 6.6440 5.4068

20 45.3147 39.9968 37.5662 34.1696 31.4104 10.8508 9.5908 8.2604 7.4338 5.9210
21 46.7970 41.4011 38.9322 35.4789 32.6706 11.5913 10.2829 8.8972 8.0337 6.4467
22 48.2679 42.7956 40.2894 36.7807 33.9244 12.3380 10.9823 9.5425 8.6427 6.9830
23 49.7282 44.1813 41.6384 38.0756 35.1725 13.0905 11.6886 10.1957 9.2604 7.5292
24 51.1786 45.5585 42.9798 39.3641 36.4150 13.8484 12.4012 10.8564 9.8862 8.0849
25 52.6196 46.9279 44.3141 40.6465 37.6525 14.6114 13.1197 11.5240 10.5197 8.6493
26 54.0519 48.2899 45.6417 41.9232 38.8851 15.3792 13.8439 12.1981 11.1602 9.2221
27 55.4760 49.6449 46.9629 43.1945 40.1133 16.1514 14.5734 12.8785 11.8076 9.8028
28 56.8922 50.9934 48.2782 44.4608 41.3371 16.9279 15.3079 13.5647 12.4613 10.3909
29 58.3011 52.3356 49.5879 45.7223 42.5570 17.7084 16.0471 14.2565 13.1211 10.9861

30 59.7030 53.6720 50.8922 46.9792 43.7730 18.4927 16.7908 14.9535 13.7867 11.5880
31 61.0983 55.0027 52.1914 48.2319 44.9853 19.2806 17.5387 15.6555 14.4578 12.1963
32 62.4872 56.3281 53.4858 49.4804 46.1943 20.0719 18.2908 16.3622 15.1340 12.8107
33 63.8701 57.6484 54.7755 50.7251 47.3999 20.8665 19.0467 17.0735 15.8153 13.4309
34 65.2472 58.9639 56.0609 51.9660 48.6024 21.6643 19.8063 17.7891 16.5013 14.0567
35 66.6188 60.2748 57.3421 53.2033 49.8018 22.4650 20.5694 18.5089 17.1918 14.6878
36 67.9851 61.5812 58.6192 54.4373 50.9985 23.2686 21.3359 19.2327 17.8867 15.3241
37 69.3464 62.8833 59.8925 55.6680 52.1923 24.0749 22.1056 19.9602 18.5858 15.9653
38 70.7028 64.1814 61.1621 56.8955 53.3835 24.8839 22.8785 20.6914 19.2889 16.6112
39 72.0546 65.4756 62.4281 58.1201 54.5722 25.6954 23.6543 21.4262 19.9959 17.2616

40 73.4019 66.7660 63.6907 59.3417 55.7585 26.5093 24.4330 22.1643 20.7065 17.9164
41 74.7449 68.0527 64.9501 60.5606 56.9424 27.3256 25.2145 22.9056 21.4208 18.5754
42 76.0837 69.3360 66.2062 61.7768 58.1240 28.1440 25.9987 23.6501 22.1385 19.2385
43 77.4186 70.6159 67.4593 62.9904 59.3035 28.9647 26.7854 24.3976 22.8595 19.9055
44 78.7495 71.8925 68.7095 64.2015 60.4809 29.7875 27.5746 25.1480 23.5837 20.5763
45 80.0767 73.1661 69.9568 65.4102 61.6562 30.6123 28.3662 25.9013 24.3110 21.2507
46 81.4003 74.4365 71.2014 66.6165 62.8296 31.4390 29.1601 26.6572 25.0413 21.9287
47 82.7204 75.7041 72.4433 67.8206 64.0011 32.2676 29.9562 27.4158 25.7746 22.6101
48 84.0371 76.9688 73.6826 69.0226 65.1708 33.0981 30.7545 28.1770 26.5106 23.2949
49 85.3505 78.2307 74.9195 70.2224 66.3386 33.9303 31.5549 28.9406 27.2493 23.9828

50 86.6608 79.4900 76.1539 71.4202 67.5048 34.7643 32.3574 29.7067 27.9907 24.6739
60 99.6072 91.9517 88.3794 83.2977 79.0819 43.1880 40.4817 37.4849 35.5345 31.7383
70 112.3169 104.2149 100.4252 95.0232 90.5312 51.7393 48.7576 45.4417 43.2752 39.0364
80 124.8392 116.3211 112.3288 106.6286 101.8795 60.3915 57.1532 53.5401 51.1719 46.5199
90 137.2084 128.2989 124.1163 118.1359 113.1453 69.1260 65.6466 61.7541 59.1963 54.1552
100 149.4493 140.1695 135.8067 129.5612 124.3421 77.9295 74.2219 70.0649 67.3276 61.9179
20

Tabla E. Valores seleccionados de t (υ)

α

En la distribución t de Student con υ grados de libertad

la tabla proporciona el valor t (υ) tal que P(t ≥ t (υ)) = α.
α υ α

α
0.25 0.10 0.05 0.025 0.01 0.005 0.0025 0.001 0.0005 0.00025
υ
1 1.0000 3.0777 6.3138 12.7062 31.8205 63.6567 127.3213 318.3088 636.6192 1273.239
2 0.8165 1.8856 2.9200 4.3027 6.9646 9.9248 14.0890 22.3271 31.5991 44.7046
3 0.7649 1.6377 2.3534 3.1824 4.5407 5.8409 7.4533 10.2145 12.9240 16.3263
4 0.7407 1.5332 2.1318 2.7764 3.7469 4.6041 5.5976 7.1732 8.6103 10.3063
5 0.7267 1.4759 2.0150 2.5706 3.3649 4.0321 4.7733 5.8934 6.8688 7.9757
6 0.7176 1.4398 1.9432 2.4469 3.1427 3.7074 4.3168 5.2076 5.9588 6.7883
7 0.7111 1.4149 1.8946 2.3646 2.9980 3.4995 4.0293 4.7853 5.4079 6.0818
8 0.7064 1.3968 1.8595 2.3060 2.8965 3.3554 3.8325 4.5008 5.0413 5.6174
9 0.7027 1.3830 1.8331 2.2622 2.8214 3.2498 3.6897 4.2968 4.7809 5.2907

10 0.6998 1.3722 1.8125 2.2281 2.7638 3.1693 3.5814 4.1437 4.5869 5.0490
11 0.6974 1.3634 1.7959 2.2010 2.7181 3.1058 3.4966 4.0247 4.4370 4.8633
12 0.6955 1.3562 1.7823 2.1788 2.6810 3.0545 3.4285 3.9296 4.3178 4.7165
13 0.6938 1.3502 1.7709 2.1604 2.6503 3.0123 3.3725 3.8520 4.2208 4.5975
14 0.6924 1.3450 1.7613 2.1448 2.6245 2.9768 3.3257 3.7874 4.1405 4.4992
15 0.6912 1.3406 1.7531 2.1314 2.6025 2.9467 3.2860 3.7329 4.0728 4.4166
16 0.6901 1.3368 1.7459 2.1199 2.5835 2.9208 3.2520 3.6862 4.0150 4.3463
17 0.6892 1.3334 1.7396 2.1098 2.5669 4.2858 3.2225 3.6458 3.9652 4.2858
18 0.6884 1.3304 1.7341 2.1009 2.5524 2.8784 3.1966 3.6105 3.9217 4.2332
19 0.6876 1.3277 1.7291 2.0930 2.5395 2.8609 3.1737 3.5794 3.8834 4.1870

20 0.6870 1.3253 1.7247 2.0860 2.5280 4.1461 3.1534 3.5518 3.8495 4.1461
21 0.6864 1.3232 1.7207 2.0796 2.5176 2.8314 3.1352 3.5272 3.8193 4.1096
22 0.6858 1.3212 1.7171 2.0739 2.5083 2.8188 3.1188 3.5050 3.7922 4.0770
23 0.6853 1.3195 1.7139 2.0687 2.4999 2.8073 3.1040 3.4850 3.7677 4.0475
24 0.6848 1.3178 1.7109 2.0639 2.4922 2.7969 3.0905 3.4668 3.7454 4.0208
25 0.6844 1.3163 1.7081 2.0595 2.4851 2.7874 3.0782 3.4502 3.7252 3.9965
26 0.6840 1.3150 1.7056 2.0555 2.4786 2.7787 3.0669 3.4350 3.7066 3.9743
27 0.6837 1.3137 1.7033 2.0518 2.4727 2.7707 3.0565 3.4210 3.6896 3.9539
28 0.6834 1.3125 1.7011 2.0484 2.4671 2.7633 3.0469 3.4082 3.6739 3.9351
29 0.6830 1.3114 1.6991 2.0452 2.4620 2.7564 3.0380 3.3963 3.6594 3.9178

30 0.6828 1.3104 1.6973 2.0423 2.4573 2.7500 3.0298 3.3852 3.6460 3.9017
31 0.6825 1.3095 1.6955 2.0395 2.4528 2.7440 3.0221 3.3749 3.6335 3.8868
32 0.6822 1.3086 1.6939 2.0369 2.4487 2.7385 3.0150 3.3653 3.6218 3.8728
33 0.6820 1.3077 1.6924 2.0345 2.4448 2.7333 3.0082 3.3563 3.6109 3.8598
34 0.6818 1.3070 1.6909 2.0322 2.4411 2.7284 3.0020 3.3479 3.6007 3.8477
35 0.6816 1.3062 1.6896 2.0301 2.4377 2.7238 2.9960 3.3401 3.5912 3.8363
36 0.6814 1.3055 1.6883 2.0281 2.4345 2.7195 2.9905 3.3326 3.5822 3.8255
37 0.6812 1.3049 1.6871 2.0262 2.4314 2.7154 2.9852 3.3256 3.5737 3.8155
38 0.6810 1.3042 1.6860 2.0244 2.4286 2.7116 2.9803 3.3190 3.5657 3.8059
39 0.6808 1.3036 1.6849 2.0227 2.4258 2.7079 2.9756 3.3128 3.5581 3.7969

40 0.6807 1.3031 1.6839 2.0211 2.4233 2.7045 2.9712 3.3069 3.5510 3.7884
41 0.6805 1.3025 1.6829 2.0195 2.4208 2.7012 2.9670 3.3013 3.5442 3.7804
42 0.6804 1.3020 1.6820 2.0181 2.4185 2.6981 2.9630 3.2960 3.5378 3.7727
43 0.6802 1.3016 1.6811 2.0167 2.4163 2.6951 2.9592 3.2909 3.5316 3.7654
44 0.6801 1.3011 1.6802 2.0154 2.4141 2.6923 2.9555 3.2861 3.5258 3.7585
45 0.6800 1.3006 1.6794 2.0141 2.4121 2.6896 2.9521 3.2815 3.5203 3.7519
46 0.6799 1.3002 1.6787 2.0129 2.4102 2.6870 2.9488 3.2771 3.5150 3.7456
47 0.6797 1.2998 1.6779 2.0117 2.4083 2.6846 2.9456 3.2729 3.5099 3.7397
48 0.6796 1.2994 1.6772 2.0106 2.4066 2.6822 2.9426 3.2689 3.5051 3.7339
49 0.6795 1.2991 1.6766 2.0096 2.4049 2.6800 2.9397 3.2651 3.5005 3.7284

50 0.6794 1.2987 1.6759 2.0086 2.4033 2.6778 2.9370 3.2614 3.4960 3.7232
60 0.6786 1.2958 1.6706 2.0003 2.3901 2.6603 2.9146 3.2317 3.4602 3.6807
70 0.6780 1.2938 1.6669 1.9944 2.3808 2.6479 2.8987 3.2108 3.4350 3.6509
80 0.6776 1.2922 1.6641 1.9901 2.3739 2.6387 2.8870 3.1953 3.4163 3.6289
90 0.6772 1.2910 1.6620 1.9867 2.3685 2.6316 2.8779 3.1833 3.4019 3.6119
100 0.6770 1.2901 1.6602 1.9840 2.3642 2.6259 2.8707 3.1737 3.3905 3.5984
 21

Tabla F. Valores seleccionados de Fmn, 0.10

En la distribución de F con m grados de libertad en el numerador y n grados de libertad
en
el denominador, la tabla proporciona valores Fmn, 0.10, tales que P(Fmn ≥ Fmn, 0.10)) = 0.10

m 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
n
1 39.863 49.500 53.593 55.833 57.240 58.204 58.906 59.439 59.858 60.195 60.473
2 8.526 9.000 9.162 9.243 9.293 9.326 9.349 9.367 9.381 9.392 9.401
3 5.538 5.462 5.391 5.343 5.309 5.285 5.266 5.252 5.240 5.230 5.222
4 4.545 4.325 4.191 4.107 4.051 4.010 3.979 3.955 3.936 3.920 3.907
5 4.060 3.780 3.619 3.520 3.453 3.405 3.368 3.339 3.316 3.297 3.282
6 3.776 3.463 3.289 3.181 3.108 3.055 3.014 2.983 2.958 2.937 2.920
7 3.589 3.257 3.074 2.961 2.883 2.827 2.785 2.752 2.725 2.703 2.684
8 3.458 3.113 2.924 2.806 2.726 2.668 2.624 2.589 2.561 2.538 2.519
9 3.360 3.006 2.813 2.693 2.611 2.551 2.505 2.469 2.440 2.416 2.396

10 3.285 2.924 2.728 2.605 2.522 2.461 2.414 2.377 2.347 2.323 2.302
11 3.225 2.860 2.660 2.536 2.451 2.389 2.342 2.304 2.274 2.248 2.227
12 3.177 2.807 2.606 2.480 2.394 2.331 2.283 2.245 2.214 2.188 2.166
13 3.136 2.763 2.560 2.434 2.347 2.283 2.234 2.195 2.164 2.138 2.116
14 3.102 2.726 2.522 2.395 2.307 2.243 2.193 2.154 2.122 2.095 2.073
15 3.073 2.695 2.490 2.361 2.273 2.208 2.158 2.119 2.086 2.059 2.037
16 3.048 2.668 2.462 2.333 2.244 2.178 2.128 2.088 2.055 2.028 2.005
17 3.026 2.645 2.437 2.308 2.218 2.152 2.102 2.061 2.028 2.001 1.978
18 3.007 2.624 2.416 2.286 2.196 2.130 2.079 2.038 2.005 1.977 1.954
19 2.990 2.606 2.397 2.266 2.176 2.109 2.058 2.017 1.984 1.956 1.932

20 2.975 2.589 2.380 2.249 2.158 2.091 2.040 1.999 1.965 1.937 1.913
21 2.961 2.575 2.365 2.233 2.142 2.075 2.023 1.982 1.948 1.920 1.896
22 2.949 2.561 2.351 2.219 2.128 2.060 2.008 1.967 1.933 1.904 1.880
23 2.937 2.549 2.339 2.207 2.115 2.047 1.995 1.953 1.919 1.890 1.866
24 2.927 2.538 2.327 2.195 2.103 2.035 1.983 1.941 1.906 1.877 1.853
25 2.918 2.528 2.317 2.184 2.092 2.024 1.971 1.929 1.895 1.866 1.841
26 2.909 2.519 2.307 2.174 2.082 2.014 1.961 1.919 1.884 1.855 1.830
27 2.901 2.511 2.299 2.165 2.703 2.005 1.952 1.909 1.874 1.845 1.820
28 2.894 2.503 2.291 2.157 2.064 1.996 1.943 1.900 1.865 1.836 1.811
29 2.887 2.495 2.283 2.149 2.057 1.988 1.935 1.892 1.857 1.827 1.802

30 2.881 2.489 2.276 2.142 2.049 1.980 1.927 1.884 1.849 1.819 1.794
31 2.875 2.482 2.270 2.136 2.042 1.973 1.920 1.877 1.842 1.812 1.787
32 2.869 2.477 2.263 2.129 2.036 1.967 1.913 1.870 1.835 1.805 1.780
33 2.864 2.471 2.258 2.123 2.030 1.961 1.907 1.864 1.828 1.799 1.773
34 2.859 2.466 2.252 2.118 2.024 1.955 1.901 1.858 1.822 1.793 1.767
35 2.855 2.461 2.247 2.113 2.019 1.950 1.896 1.852 1.817 1.787 1.761
36 2.850 2.456 2.243 2.108 2.014 1.945 1.891 1.847 1.811 1.781 1.756
37 2.846 2.452 2.238 2.103 2.009 1.940 1.886 1.842 1.806 1.776 1.751
38 2.842 2.448 2.234 2.099 2.005 1.935 1.881 1.838 1.802 1.772 1.746
39 2.839 2.444 2.230 2.095 2.001 1.931 1.877 1.833 1.797 1.767 1.741

40 2.835 2.440 2.226 2.091 1.997 1.927 1.873 1.829 1.793 1.763 1.737
50 2.809 2.412 2.197 2.061 1.966 1.895 1.840 1.796 1.760 1.729 1.703
60 2.791 2.393 2.177 2.041 1.946 1.875 1.819 1.775 1.738 1.707 1.680
70 2.779 2.380 2.164 2.027 1.931 1.860 1.804 1.760 1.723 1.691 1.665
80 2.769 2.370 2.154 2.016 1.921 1.849 1.793 1.748 1.711 1.680 1.653
90 2.762 2.363 2.146 2.008 1.912 1.841 1.785 1.739 1.702 1.670 1.643

100 2.756 2.356 2.139 2.002 1.906 1.834 1.778 1.732 1.695 1.663 1.636
110 2.752 2.351 2.134 1.997 1.900 1.828 1.772 1.727 1.689 1.657 1.630
120 2.748 2.347 2.130 1.992 1.896 1.824 1.767 1.722 1.684 1.652 1.625
200 2.731 2.329 2.111 1.973 1.876 1.804 1.747 1.701 1.663 1.631 1.603
500 2.716 2.313 2.095 1.956 1.859 1.786 1.729 1.683 1.644 1.612 1.583
22

Tabla F. Valores seleccionados de Fmn, 0.10 (continuación)

m 12 13 14 15 20 24 30 40 60 120 500
n
1 60.705 60.903 61.073 61.220 61.740 62.002 62.265 62.529 62.794 63.061 63.264
2 9.408 9.415 9.420 9.425 9.441 9.450 9.458 9.466 9.475 9.483 9.489
3 5.216 5.210 5.205 5.200 5.184 5.176 5.168 5.160 5.151 5.143 5.136
4 3.896 3.886 3.878 3.870 3.844 3.831 3.817 3.804 3.790 3.775 3.764
5 3.268 3.257 3.247 3.238 3.207 3.191 3.174 3.157 3.140 3.123 3.109
6 2.905 2.892 2.881 2.871 2.836 2.818 2.800 2.781 2.762 2.742 2.727
7 2.668 2.654 2.643 2.632 2.595 2.575 2.555 2.535 2.514 2.493 2.476
8 2.502 2.488 2.475 2.464 2.425 2.404 2.383 2.361 2.339 2.316 2.298
9 2.379 2.364 2.351 2.340 2.298 2.277 2.255 2.232 2.208 2.184 2.165

10 2.284 2.269 2.255 2.244 2.201 2.178 2.155 2.132 2.107 2.082 2.062
11 2.209 2.193 2.179 2.167 2.123 2.100 2.076 2.052 2.026 2.000 1.979
12 2.147 2.131 2.117 2.105 2.060 2.036 2.011 1.986 1.960 1.932 1.911
13 2.097 2.080 2.066 2.053 2.007 1.983 1.958 1.931 1.904 1.876 1.853
14 2.054 2.037 2.022 2.010 1.962 1.938 1.912 1.885 1.857 1.828 1.805
15 2.017 2.000 1.985 1.972 1.924 1.899 1.873 1.845 1.817 1.787 1.763
16 1.985 1.968 1.953 1.940 1.891 1.866 1.839 1.811 1.782 1.751 1.726
17 1.958 1.940 1.925 1.912 1.862 1.836 1.809 1.781 1.751 1.719 1.694
18 1.933 1.916 1.900 1.887 1.837 1.810 1.783 1.754 1.723 1.691 1.665
19 1.912 1.894 1.878 1.865 1.814 1.787 1.759 1.730 1.699 1.666 1.639

20 1.892 1.875 1.859 1.845 1.794 1.767 1.738 1.708 1.677 1.643 1.616
21 1.875 1.857 1.841 1.827 1.776 1.748 1.719 1.689 1.657 1.623 1.595
22 1.859 1.841 1.825 1.811 1.759 1.731 1.702 1.671 1.639 1.604 1.576
23 1.845 1.827 1.811 1.796 1.744 1.716 1.686 1.655 1.622 1.587 1.558
24 1.832 1.814 1.797 1.783 1.730 1.702 1.672 1.641 1.607 1.571 1.542
25 1.820 1.802 1.785 1.771 1.718 1.689 1.659 1.627 1.593 1.557 1.527
26 1.809 1.790 1.774 1.760 1.706 1.677 1.647 1.615 1.581 1.544 1.514
27 1.799 1.780 1.764 1.749 1.695 1.666 1.636 1.603 1.569 1.531 1.501
28 1.790 1.771 1.754 1.740 1.685 1.656 1.625 1.592 1.558 1.520 1.489
29 1.781 1.762 1.745 1.731 1.676 1.647 1.616 1.583 1.547 1.509 1.478

30 1.773 1.754 1.737 1.722 1.667 1.638 1.606 1.573 1.538 1.499 1.467
31 1.765 1.746 1.729 1.714 1.659 1.630 1.598 1.565 1.529 1.489 1.457
32 1.758 1.739 1.722 1.707 1.652 1.622 1.590 1.556 1.520 1.481 1.448
33 1.751 1.732 1.715 1.700 1.645 1.615 1.583 1.549 1.512 1.472 1.439
34 1.745 1.726 1.709 1.694 1.638 1.608 1.576 1.541 1.505 1.464 1.431
35 1.739 1.720 1.703 1.688 1.632 1.601 1.569 1.535 1.497 1.457 1.423
36 1:734 1.715 1.697 1.682 1.626 1.595 1.563 1.528 1.491 1.450 1.415
37 1.729 1.709 1.692 1.677 1.620 1.590 1.557 1.522 1.484 1.443 1.408
38 1.724 1.704 1.687 1.672 1.615 1.584 1.551 1.516 1.478 1.437 1.402
39 1.719 1.700 1.682 1.667 1.610 1.579 1.546 1.511 1.473 1.431 1.395

40 1.715 1.695 1.678 1.662 1.605 1.574 1.541 1.506 1.467 1.425 1.389
50 1.680 1.660 1.643 1.627 1.568 1.536 1.502 1.465 1.424 1.379 1.340
60 1.657 1.637 1.619 1.603 1.543 1.511 1.476 1.437 1.395 1.348 1.306
70 1.641 1.621 1.603 1.587 1.526 1.493 1.457 1.418 1.374 1.325 1.281
80 1.629 1.609 1.590 1.574 1.513 1.479 1.443 1.403 1.358 1.307 1.261
90 1.620 1.599 1.581 1.564 1.503 1.468 1.432 1.391 1.346 1.293 1.245

100 1.612 1.592 1.573 1.557 1.494 1.460 1.423 1.382 1.336 1.282 1.232
110 1.606 1.585 1.567 1.550 1.488 1.453 1.415 1.374 1.327 1.272 1.221
120 1.601 1.580 1.562 1.545 1.482 1.447 1.409 1.368 1.320 1.265 1.212
200 1.579 1.558 1.539 1.522 1.458 1.422 1.383 1.339 1.289 1.228 1.168
500 1.559 1.537 1.518 1.501 1.435 1.399 1.358 1.313 1.260 1.194 1.122
 23

Tabla G. Valores seleccionados de Fmn, 0.05

En la distribución de F con m grados de libertad en el numerador y n grados de libertad en el
m m m
denominador, la tabla proporciona valores F n, 0.05, tales que P(F n ≥ F n, 0.05)) = 0.05

m 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
n
1 161.448 199.500 215.707 224.583 230.162 233.986 236.768 238.883 240.543 241.882 242.983
2 18.513 19.000 19.164 19.247 19.296 19.330 19.353 19.371 19.385 19.396 19.405
3 10.128 9.552 9.277 9.117 9.013 8.941 8.887 8.845 8.812 8.786 8.763
4 7.709 6.944 6.591 6.388 6.256 6.163 6.094 6.041 5.999 5.964 5.936
5 6.608 5.786 5.409 5.192 5.050 4.950 4.876 4.818 4.772 4.735 4.704
6 5.987 5.143 4.757 4.534 4.387 4.284 4.207 4.147 4.099 4.060 4.027
7 5.591 4.737 4.347 4.120 3.972 3.866 3.787 3.726 3.677 3.637 3.603
8 5.318 4.459 4.066 3.838 3.687 3.581 3.500 3.438 3.388 3.347 3.313
9 5.117 4.256 3.863 3.633 3.482 3.374 3.293 3.230 3.179 3.137 3.102

10 4.965 4.103 3.708 3.478 3.326 3.217 3.135 3.072 3.020 2.978 2.943
11 4.844 3.982 3.587 3.357 3.204 3.095 3.012 2.948 2.896 2.854 2.818
12 4.747 3.885 3.490 3.259 3.106 2.996 2.913 2.849 2.796 2.753 2.717
13 4.667 3.806 3.411 3.179 3.025 2.915 2.832 2.767 2.714 2.671 2.635
14 4.600 3.739 3.344 3.112 2.958 2.848 2.764 2.699 2.646 2.602 2.565
15 4.543 3.682 3.287 3.056 2.901 2.790 2.707 2.541 2.588 2.544 2.507
16 4.494 3.634 3.239 3.007 2.852 2.741 2.657 2.591 2.538 2.494 2.456
17 4.451 3.592 3.197 2.965 2.810 2.699 2.614 2.548 2.494 2.450 2.413
18 4.414 3.555 3.160 2.928 2.773 2.661 2.577 2.510 2.456 2.412 2.374
19 4.381 3.522 3.127 2.895 2.740 2.628 2.544 2.477 2.423 2.378 2.340

20 4.351 3.493 3.098 2.866 2.711 2.599 2.514 2.447 2.393 2.348 2.310
21 4.325 3.467 3.072 2.840 2.685 2.573 2.488 2.420 2.366 2.321 2.283
22 4.301 3.443 3.049 2.817 2.661 2.549 2.454 2.397 2.342 2.297 2.259
23 4.279 3.422 3.028 2.796 2.640 2.528 2.442 2.375 2.320 2.275 2.236
24 4.260 3.403 3.009 2.776 2.621 2.508 2.423 2.355 2.300 2.255 2.216
25 4.242 3.385 2.991 2.759 2.603 2.490 2.405 2.337 2.282 2.236 2.198
26 4.225 3.369 2.975 2.743 2.587 2.474 2.388 2.321 2.265 2.220 2.181
27 4.210 3.354 2.960 2.728 2.572 2.459 2.373 2.305 2.250 2.204 2.166
28 4.196 3.340 2.947 2.714 2.558 2.445 2.359 2.291 2.236 2.190 2.151
29 4.183 3.328 2.934 2.701 2.545 2.432 2.346 2.278 2.223 2.177 2.138

30 4.171 3.316 2.922 2.690 2.534 2.421 2.334 2.266 2.211 2.165 2.125
31 4.160 3.305 2.911 2.679 2.523 2.409 2.323 2.255 2.199 2.153 2.114
32 4.149 3.295 2.901 2.668 2.512 2.399 2.313 2.244 2.189 2.142 2.103
33 4.139 3.285 2.892 2.659 2.503 2.389 2.303 2.235 2.179 2.133 2.093
34 4.130 3.276 2.883 2.650 2.494 2.380 2.294 2.225 2.170 2.123 2.084
35 4.121 3.267 2.874 2.641 2.485 2.372 2.285 2.217 2.161 2.114 2.075
36 4.113 3.259 2.866 2.634 2.477 2.364 2.277 2.209 2.153 2.106 2.067
37 4.105 3.252 2.859 2.626 2.470 2.356 2.270 2.201 2.145 2.098 2.059
38 4.098 3.245 2.852 2.619 2.463 2.349 2.262 2.194 2.138 2.091 2.051
39 4.091 3.238 2.845 2.612 2.456 2.342 2.255 2.187 2.131 2.084 2.044

40 4.085 3.232 2.839 2.606 2.449 2.336 2.249 2.180 2.124 2.077 2.038
50 4.034 3.183 2.790 2.557 2.400 2.286 2.199 2.130 2.073 2.026 1.986
60 4.001 3.150 2.758 2.525 2.368 2.254 2.167 2.097 2.040 1.993 1.952
70 3.978 3.128 2.736 2.503 2.346 2.231 2.143 2.074 2.017 1.969 1.928
80 3.960 3.111 2.719 2.486 2.329 2.214 2.126 2.056 1.999 1.951 1.910
90 3.947 3.098 2.706 2.473 2.316 2.201 2.113 2.043 1.986 1.938 1.897

100 3.936 3.087 2.696 2.463 2.305 2.191 2.103 2.032 1.975 1.927 1.886
110 3.927 3.079 2.687 2.454 2.297 2.182 2.094 2.024 1.966 1.918 1.877
120 3.920 3.072 2.680 2.447 2.290 2.175 2.087 2.016 1.959 1.910 1.869
200 3.888 3.041 2.650 2.417 2.259 2.144 2.056 1.985 1.927 1.878 1.837
500 3.860 3.014 2.623 2.390 2.232 2.117 2.028 1.957 1.899 1.850 1.808
24

Tabla G. Valores seleccionados de Fmn, 0.05 (continuación)

m 12 13 14 15 20 24 30 40 60 120 500
n
1 243.906 244.690 245.354 245.950 248.013 249.052 250.095 251.143 252.196 253.253 254.059
2 19.413 19.419 19.424 19.429 19.446 19.454 19.462 19.471 19.479 19.487 19.494
3 8.745 8.729 8.715 8.703 8.660 8.639 8.617 8.594 8.572 8.549 8.532
4 5.912 5.891 5.873 5.858 5.803 5.774 5.746 5.717 5.688 5.658 5.635
5 4.678 4.655 4.636 4.619 4.558 4.527 4.496 4.464 4.431 4.398 4.373
6 4.000 3.976 3.956 3.938 3.874 3.841 3.808 3.774 3.740 3.705 3.678
7 3.575 3.550 3.529 3.511 3.445 3.410 3.376 3.340 3.304 3.267 3.239
8 3.284 3.259 3.237 3.218 3.150 3.115 3.079 3.043 3.005 2.967 2.937
9 3.073 3.048 3.025 3.006 2.936 2.900 2.864 2.826 2.787 2.748 2.717

10 2.913 2.887 2.865 2.845 2.774 2.737 2.700 2.661 2.621 2.580 2.548
11 2.788 2.761 2.739 2.719 2.546 2.609 2.570 2.531 2.490 2.448 2.415
12 2.687 2.660 2.637 2.617 2.544 2.505 2.466 2.426 2.384 2.341 2.307
13 2.604 2.577 2.554 2.533 2.459 2.420 2.380 2.339 2.297 2.252 2.218
14 2.534 2.507 2.484 2.463 2.388 2.349 2.308 2.266 2.223 2.178 2.142
15 2.475 2.448 2.424 2.403 2.328 2.288 2.247 2.204 2.160 2.114 2.078
16 2.425 2.397 2.373 2.352 2.276 2.235 2.194 2.151 2.106 2.059 2.022
17 2.381 2.353 2.329 2.308 2.230 2.190 2.148 2.104 2.058 2.011 1.973
18 2.342 2.314 2.290 2.269 2.191 2.150 2.107 2.063 2.017 1.968 1.929
19 2.280 2.256 2.234 2.155 2.114 2.071 2.026 1.980 1.930 1.891 1.891

20 2.250 2.225 2.203 2.124 2.082 2.039 1.994 1.946 1.896 1.856 1.856
21 2.250 2.222 2.197 2.176 2.096 2.054 2.010 1.965 1.916 1.866 1.825
22 2.226 2.198 2.173 2.151 2.071 2.028 1.984 1.938 1.889 1.838 1.797
23 2.204 2.175 2.150 2.128 2.048 2.005 1.961 1.914 1.865 1.813 1.771
24 2.183 2.155 2.130 2.108 2.027 1.984 1.939 1.892 1.842 1.790 1.747
25 2.165 2.136 2.111 2.089 2.007 1.964 1.919 1.872 1.822 1.768 1.725
26 2.148 2.119 2.094 2.072 1.990 1.946 1.901 1.853 1.803 1.749 1.705
27 2.132 2.103 2.078 2.056 1.974 1.930 1.884 1.836 1.785 1.731 1.686
28 2.118 2.089 2.064 2.041 1.959 1.915 1.869 1.820 1.769 1.714 1.669
29 2.104 2.075 2.050 2.027 1.945 1.901 1.854 1.806 1.754 1.698 1.653

30 2.092 2.063 2.037 2.015 1.932 1.887 1.841 1.792 1.740 1.683 1.637
31 2.080 2.051 2.026 2.003 1.920 1.875 1.828 1.779 1.726 1.670 1.623
32 2.070 2.040 2.015 1.992 1.908 1.864 1.817 1.767 1.714 1.657 1.610
33 2.060 2.030 2.004 1.982 1.898 1.853 1.806 1.756 1.702 1.645 1.597
34 2.050 2.021 1.995 1.972 1.888 1.843 1.795 1.745 1.691 1.633 1.585
35 2.041 2.012 1.986 1.963 1.878 1.833 1.786 1.735 1.681 1.623 1.574
36 2.033 2.003 1.977 1.954 1.870 1.824 1.776 1.726 1.671 1.612 1.564
37 2.025 1.995 1.969 1.946 1.861 1.816 1.768 1.717 1.662 1.603 1.553
38 2.017 1.988 1.962 1.939 1.853 1.808 1.760 1.708 1.653 1.594 1.544
39 2.010 1.981 1.954 1.931 1.846 1.800 1.752 1.700 1.645 1.585 1.535

40 2.003 1.974 1.948 1.924 1.839 1.793 1.744 1.693 1.637 1.577 1.526
50 1.952 1.921 1.895 1.871 1.784 1.737 1.687 1.634 1.576 1.511 1.457
60 1.917 1.887 1.860 1.836 1.748 1.700 1.649 1.594 1.534 1.467 1.409
70 1.893 1.863 1.836 1.812 1.722 1.674 1.622 1.566 1.505 1.435 1.374
80 1.875 1.845 1.817 1.793 1.703 1.654 1.602 1.545 1.482 1.411 1.347
90 1.861 1.830 1.803 1.779 1.688 1.639 1.586 1.528 1.465 1.391 1.326

100 1.850 1.819 1.792 1.768 1.676 1.627 1.573 1.515 1.450 1.376 1.308
110 1.841 1.810 1.783 1.758 1.667 1.617 1.563 1.504 1.439 1.363 1.293
120 1.834 1.803 1.775 1.750 1.659 1.608 1.554 1.495 1.429 1.352 1.280
200 1.801 1.769 1.742 1.717 1.623 1.572 1.516 1.455 1.386 1.302 1.221
500 1.772 1.746 1.712 1.686 1.592 1.539 1.482 1.419 1.345 1.255 1.159
 25

Tabla H. Valores seleccionados de Fmn, 0.025

En la distribución de F con m grados de libertad en el numerador y n grados de libertad en el
m m m
denominador, la tabla proporciona valores F n, 0.025, tales que P(F n ≥ F n, 0.025)) = 0.025

m 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
n
1 647.789 799.500 864.163 899.583 921.848 937.111 948.217 956.656 963.285 968.627 973.025
2 38.506 39.000 39.165 39.248 39.298 39.331 39.355 39.373 39.387 39.398 39.407
3 17.443 16.044 15.439 15.101 14.885 14.735 14.624 14.540 14.473 14.419 14.374
4 12.218 10.649 9.979 9.605 9.364 9.197 9.074 8.980 8.905 8.844 8.794
5 10.007 8.434 7.764 7.388 7.146 6.978 6.853 6.757 6.681 6.619 6.568
6 8.813 7.260 6.599 6.227 5.988 5.820 5.695 5.600 5.523 5.461 5.410
7 8.073 6.542 5.890 5.523 5.285 5.119 4.995 4.899 4.823 4.761 4.709
8 7.571 6.059 5.416 5.053 4.817 4.652 4.529 4.433 4.357 4.295 4.243
9 7.209 5.715 5.078 4.718 4.484 4.320 4.197 4.102 4.026 3.964 3.912

10 6.937 5.456 4.826 4.468 4.236 4.072 3.950 3.855 3.779 3.717 3.665
11 6.724 5.256 4.630 4.275 4.044 3.881 3.759 3.664 3.588 3.526 3.474
12 6.554 5.096 4.474 4.121 3.891 3.728 3.607 3.512 3.436 3.374 3.321
13 6.414 4.965 4.347 3.996 3.767 3.604 3.483 3.388 3.312 3.250 3.197
14 6.298 4.857 4.242 3.892 3.663 3.501 3.380 3.285 3.209 3.147 3.095
15 6.200 4.765 4.153 3.804 3.576 3.415 3.293 3.199 3.123 3.060 3.008
16 6.115 4.687 4.077 3.729 3.502 3.341 3.219 3.125 3.049 2.986 2.934
17 6.042 4.619 4.011 3.665 3.438 3.277 3.156 3.061 2.985 2.922 2.870
18 5.978 4.560 3.954 3.608 3.382 3.221 3.100 3.005 2.929 2.866 2.814
19 5.922 4.508 3.903 3.559 3.333 3.172 3.051 2.956 2.880 2.817 2.765

20 5.871 4.461 3.859 3.515 3.289 3.128 3.007 2.913 2.837 2.774 2.721
21 5.827 4.420 3.819 3.475 3.250 3.090 2.969 2.874 2.798 2.735 2.682
22 5.786 4.383 3.783 3.440 3.215 3.055 2.934 2.839 2.763 2.700 2.647
23 5.750 4.349 3.750 3.408 3.183 3.023 2.902 2.808 2.731 2.668 2.615
24 5.717 4.319 3.721 3.379 3.155 2.995 2.874 2.779 2.703 2.640 2.586
25 5.686 4.291 3.694 3.353 3.129 2.969 2.848 2.753 2.677 2.613 2.560
26 5.659 4.265 3.670 3.329 3.105 2.945 2.824 2.729 2.653 2.590 2.536
27 5.633 4.242 3.647 3.307 3.083 2.923 2.802 2.707 2.631 2.568 2.514
28 5.610 4.221 3.626 3.286 3.063 2.903 2.782 2.687 2.611 2.547 2.494
29 5.588 4.201 3.607 3.267 3.044 2.884 2.763 2.669 2.592 2.529 2.475

30 5.568 4.182 3.589 3.250 3.026 2.867 2.746 2.651 2.575 2.511 2.458
31 5.549 4.165 3.573 3.234 3.010 2.851 2.730 2.635 2.558 2.495 2.442
32 5.531 4.149 3.557 3.218 2.995 2.836 2.715 2.620 2.543 2.480 2.426
33 5.515 4.134 3.543 3.204 2.981 2.822 2.701 2.606 2.529 2.466 2.412
34 5.499 4.120 3.529 3.191 2.968 2.808 2.688 2.593 2.516 2.453 2.399
35 5.485 4.106 3.517 3.179 2.956 2.796 2.676 2.581 2.504 2.440 2.387
36 5.471 4.094 3.505 3.167 2.944 2.785 2.664 2.569 2.492 2.429 2.375
37 5.458 4.082 3.493 3.156 2.933 2.774 2.653 2.558 2.481 2.418 2.364
38 5.446 4.071 3.483 3.145 2.923 2.763 2.643 2.548 2.471 2.407 2.353
39 5.435 4.061 3.473 3.135 2.913 2.754 2.633 2.538 2.461 2.397 2.344

40 5.424 4.051 3.463 3.126 2.904 2.744 2.624 2.529 2.452 2.388 2.334
50 5.340 3.975 3.390 3.054 2.833 2.674 2.553 2.458 2.381 2.317 2.263
60 5.286 3.925 3.343 3.008 2.786 2.627 2.507 2.412 2.334 2.270 2.216
70 5.247 3.890 3.309 2.975 2.754 2.595 2.474 2.379 2.302 2.237 2.183
80 5.218 3.864 3.284 2.950 2.730 2.571 2.450 2.355 2.277 2.213 2.158
90 5.196 3.844 3.265 2.932 2.711 2.552 2.432 2.336 2.259 2.194 2.140

100 5.179 3.828 3.250 2.917 2.696 2.537 2.417 2.321 2.244 2.179 2.124
110 5.164 3.815 3.237 2.904 2.684 2.525 2.405 2.309 2.232 2.167 2.112
120 5.152 3.805 3.227 2.894 2.674 2.515 2.395 2.299 2.222 2.157 2.102
200 5.100 3.758 3.182 2.850 2.630 2.472 2.351 2.256 2.178 2.113 2.058
500 5.054 3.716 3.142 2.811 2.592 2.434 2.313 2.217 2.139 2.074 2.019
26

Tabla H. Valores seleccionados de Fmn, 0.025 (continuación)

m 12 13 14 15 20 24 30 40 60 120 500
n
1 976.708 979.837 982.528 984.867 993.103 997.249 1001.414 1005.598 1009.800 1014.020 1017.240
2 39.415 39.421 39.427 39.431 39.448 39.456 39.465 39.473 39.481 39.490 39.496
3 14.337 14.304 14.277 14.253 14.167 14.124 14.081 14.037 13.992 13.947 13.913
4 8.751 8.715 8.684 8.657 8.560 8.511 8.461 8.411 8.360 8.309 8.270
5 6.525 6.488 6.456 6.428 6.329 6.278 6.227 6.175 6.123 6.069 6.028
6 5.366 5.329 5.297 5.269 5.168 5.117 5.065 5.012 4.959 4.904 4.862
7 4.666 4.628 4.596 4.568 4.467 4.415 4.362 4.309 4.254 4.199 4.156
8 4.200 4.162 4.130 4.101 3.999 3.947 3.894 3.840 3.784 3.728 3.684
9 3.868 3.831 3.798 3.769 3.667 3.614 3.560 3.505 3.449 3.392 3.347

10 3.621 3.583 3.550 3.522 3.419 3.365 3.311 3.255 3.198 3.140 3.094
11 3.430 3.392 3.359 3.330 3.226 3.173 3.118 3.061 3.004 2.944 2.898
12 3.277 3.239 3.206 3.177 3.073 3.019 2.963 2.906 2.848 2.787 2.740
13 3.153 3.115 3.082 3.053 2.948 2.893 2.837 2.780 2.720 2.659 2.611
14 3.050 3.012 2.979 2.949 2.844 2.789 2.732 2.674 2.614 2.552 2.503
15 2.963 2.925 2.891 2.862 2.756 2.701 2.644 2.585 2.524 2.461 2.411
16 2.889 2.851 2.817 2.788 2.681 2.625 2.568 2.509 2.447 2.383 2.333
17 2.825 2.786 2.753 2.723 2.616 2.560 2.502 2.442 2.380 2.315 2.264
18 2.769 2.730 2.696 2.667 2.559 2.503 2.445 2.384 2.321 2.256 2.204
19 2.720 2.681 2.647 2.617 2.509 2.452 2.394 2.333 2.270 2.203 2.150

20 2.676 2.637 2.603 2.573 2.464 2.408 2.349 2.287 2.223 2.156 2.103
21 2.637 2.598 2.564 2.534 2.425 2.368 2.308 2.246 2.182 2.114 2.060
22 2.602 2.563 2.528 2.498 2.389 2.331 2.272 2.210 2.145 2.076 2.021
23 2.570 2.531 2.497 2.466 2.357 2.299 2.239 2.176 2.111 2.041 1.986
24 2.541 2.502 2.468 2.437 2.327 2.269 2.209 2.146 2.080 2.010 1.954
25 2.515 2.476 2.441 2.411 2.300 2.242 2.182 2.118 2.052 1.981 1.924
26 2.491 2.451 2.417 2.387 2.276 2.217 2.157 2.093 2.026 1.954 1.897
27 2.469 2.429 2.395 2.364 2.253 2.195 2.133 2.069 2.002 1.930 1.872
28 2.448 2.409 2.374 2.344 2.232 2.174 2.112 2.048 1.980 1.907 1.848
29 2.430 2.390 2.355 2.325 2.213 2.154 2.092 2.028 1.959 1.886 1.827

30 2.412 2.372 2.338 2.307 2.195 2.136 2.074 2.009 1.940 1.866 1.806
31 2.396 2.356 2.321 2.291 2.178 2.119 2.057 1.991 1.922 1.848 1.788
32 2.381 2.341 2.306 2.275 2.163 2.103 2.041 1.975 1.905 1.831 1.770
33 2.366 2.327 2.292 2.261 2.148 2.088 2.026 1.960 1.890 1.815 1.753
34 2.353 2.313 2.278 2.248 2.135 2.075 2.012 1.946 1.875 1.799 1.737
35 2.341 2.301 2.266 2.235 2.122 2.062 1.999 1.932 1.861 1.785 1.722
36 2.329 2.289 2.254 2.223 2.110 2.049 1.986 1.919 1.848 1.772 1.708
37 2.318 2.278 2.243 2.212 2.098 2.038 1.974 1.907 1.836 1.759 1.695
38 2.307 2.267 2.232 2.201 2.088 2.027 1.963 1.896 1.824 1.747 1.682
39 2.298 2.257 2.222 2.191 2.077 2.017 1.953 1.885 1.813 1.735 1.670

40 2.288 2.248 2.213 2.182 2.068 2.007 1.943 1.875 1.803 1.724 1.659
50 2.216 2.176 2.140 2.109 1.993 1.931 1.866 1.796 1.721 1.639 1.569
60 2.169 2.129 2.093 2.061 1.944 1.882 1.815 1.744 1.667 1.581 1.507
70 2.136 2.095 2.059 2.028 1.910 1.847 1.779 1.707 1.628 1.539 1.463
80 2.111 2.071 2.035 2.003 1.884 1.820 1.752 1.679 1.599 1.508 1.428
90 2.092 2.051 2.015 1.983 1.864 1.800 1.731 1.657 1.576 1.483 1.401

100 2.077 2.036 2.000 1.968 1.849 1.784 1.715 1.640 1.558 1.463 1.378
110 2.065 2.024 1.988 1.955 1.836 1.771 1.701 1.626 1.543 1.447 1.359
120 2.055 2.014 1.977 1.945 1.825 1.760 1.690 1.614 1.530 1.433 1.343
200 2.010 1.969 1.932 1.900 1.778 1.712 1.640 1.562 1.474 1.370 1.269
500 1.971 1.929 1.892 1.859 1.736 1.669 1.596 1.515 1.423 1.311 1.192
 27

Tabla I. Valores seleccionados de Fmn, 0.01

En la distribución de F con m grados de libertad en el numerador y n grados de libertad en el
m m m
denominador, la tabla proporciona valores F n, 0.01, tales que P(F n ≥ F n, 0.01)) = 0.01

m 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
n
1 4052.181 4999.500 5403.352 5624.583 5763.650 5858.986 5928.356 5981.070 6022.473 6055.847 6083.31
2 98.503 99.000 99.166 99.249 99.299 99.333 99.356 99.374 99.388 99.399 99.408
3 34.116 30.817 29.457 28.710 28.237 27.911 27.672 27.489 27.345 27.229 27.133
4 21.198 18.000 16.694 15.977 15.522 15.207 14.976 14.799 14.659 14.546 14.452
5 16.258 13.274 12.060 11.392 10.967 10.672 10.456 10.289 10.158 10.051 9.963
6 13.745 10.925 9.780 9.148 8.746 8.466 8.260 8.102 7.976 7.874 7.790
7 12.246 9.547 8.451 7.847 7.460 7.191 6.993 6.840 6.719 6.620 6.538
8 11.259 8.649 7.591 7.006 6.632 6.371 6.178 6.029 5.911 5.814 5.734
9 10.561 8.022 6.992 6.422 6.057 5.802 5.613 5.467 5.351 5.257 5.178

10 10.044 7.559 6.552 5.994 5.636 5.386 5.200 5.057 4.942 4.849 4.772
11 9.646 7.206 6.217 5.668 5.316 5.069 4.886 4.744 4.632 4.539 4.462
12 9.330 6.927 5.953 5.412 5.064 4.821 4.640 4.499 4.388 4.296 4.220
13 9.074 6.701 5.739 5.205 4.862 4.620 4.441 4.302 4.191 4.100 4.025
14 8.862 6.515 5.564 5.035 4.695 4.456 4.278 4.140 4.030 3.939 3.864
15 8.683 6.359 5.417 4.893 4.556 4.318 4.142 4.004 3.895 3.605 3.730
16 8.531 6.226 5.292 4.773 4.437 4.202 4.026 3.890 3.780 3.691 3.616
17 8.400 6.112 5.185 4.669 4.336 4.102 3.927 3.791 3.682 3.593 3.519
18 8.285 6.013 5.092 4.579 4.248 4.015 3.841 3.705 3.597 3.508 3.434
19 8.185 5.926 5.010 4.500 4.171 3.939 3.765 3.631 3.523 3.434 3.360

20 8.096 5.849 4.938 4.431 4.103 3.871 3.699 3.564 3.457 3.368 3.294
21 8.017 5.780 4.874 4.369 4.042 3.812 3.640 3.506 3.398 3.310 3.236
22 7.945 5.719 4.817 4.313 3.988 3.758 3.587 3.453 3.346 3.258 3.184
23 7.881 5.664 4.765 4.264 3.939 3.710 3.539 3.406 3.299 3.211 3.137
24 7.823 5.614 4.718 4.218 3.895 3.667 3.496 3.363 3.256 3.168 3.094
25 7.770 5.568 4.675 4.177 3.855 3.627 3.457 3.324 3.217 3.129 3.056
26 7.721 5.526 4.637 4.140 3.818 3.591 3.421 3.288 3.182 3.094 3.021
27 7.677 5.488 4.601 4.106 3.785 3.558 3.388 3.256 3.149 3.062 2.988
28 7.636 5.453 4.568 4.074 3.754 3.528 3.358 3.226 3.120 3.032 2.959
29 7.598 5.420 4.538 4.045 3.725 3.499 3.330 3.198 3.092 3.005 2.931

30 7.562 5.390 4.510 4.018 3.699 3.473 3.305 3.173 3.067 2.979 2.906
31 7.530 5.362 4.484 3.993 3.675 3.449 3.281 3.149 3.043 2.955 2.882
32 7.499 5.336 4.459 3.969 3.652 3.427 3.258 3.127 3.021 2.934 2.860
33 7.471 5.312 4.437 3.948 3.630 3.406 3.238 3.106 3.000 2.913 2.840
34 7.444 5.289 4.416 3.927 3.611 3.386 3.218 3.087 2.981 2.894 2.821
35 7.419 5.268 4.396 3.908 3.592 3.368 3.200 3.069 2.963 2.876 2.803
36 7.396 5.248 4.377 3.890 3.574 3.351 3.183 3.052 2.946 2.859 2.786
37 7.373 5.229 4.360 3.873 3.558 3.334 3.167 3.036 2.930 2.843 2.770
38 7.353 5.211 4.343 3.858 3.542 3.319 3.152 3.021 2.915 2.828 2.755
39 7.333 5.194 4.327 3.843 3.528 3.305 3.137 3.006 2.901 2.814 2.741

40 7.314 5.179 4.313 3.828 3.514 3.291 3.124 2.993 2.888 2.801 2.727
50 7.171 5.057 4.199 3.720 3.408 3.186 3.020 2.890 2.785 2.698 2.625
60 7.077 4.977 4.126 3.649 3.339 3.119 2.953 2.823 2.718 2.632 2.559
70 7.011 4.922 4.074 3.600 3.291 3.071 2.906 2.777 2.672 2.585 2.512
80 6.963 4.881 4.036 3.563 3.255 3.036 2.871 2.742 2.637 2.551 2.478
90 6.925 4.849 4.007 3.535 3.228 3.009 2.845 2.715 2.611 2.524 2.451

100 6.895 4.824 3.984 3.513 3.206 2.988 2.823 2.694 2.590 2.503 2.430
110 6.871 4.803 3.965 3.495 3.188 2.970 2.806 2.677 2.573 2.486 2.413
120 6.851 4.787 3.949 3.480 3.174 2.956 2.792 2.663 2.559 2.472 2.399
200 6.763 4.713 3.881 3.414 3.110 2.893 2.730 2.601 2.497 2.411 2.338
500 6.686 4.648 3.821 3.357 3.054 2.838 2.675 2.547 2.443 2.356 2.283
28

Tabla I. Valores seleccionados de Fmn, 0.01 (continuación)

m 12 13 14 15 20 24 30 40 60 120 500
n
1 6106.321 6125.865 6142.674 6157.285 6208.730 6234.631 6260.649 6286.782 6313.030 6339.391 6359.501
2 99.416 99.422 99.428 99.433 99.449 99.458 99.466 99.474 99.482 99.491 99.497
3 27.052 26.983 26.924 26.872 26.690 26.598 26.505 26.411 26.316 26.221 26.148
4 14.374 14.307 14.249 14.198 14.020 13.929 13.838 13.745 13.652 13.558 13.486
5 9.888 9.825 9.770 9.722 9.553 9.466 9.379 9.291 9.202 9.112 9.042
6 7.718 7.657 7.605 7.559 7.396 7.313 7.229 7.143 7.057 6.969 6.902
7 5.469 6.410 6.359 6.314 6.155 6.074 5.992 5.908 5.824 5.737 5.671
8 5.667 5.609 5.559 5.515 5.359 5.279 5.198 5.116 5.032 4.946 4.880
9 5.111 5.055 5.005 4.962 4.808 4.729 4.649 4.567 4.483 4.398 4.332

10 4.706 4.650 4.601 4.558 4.405 4.327 4.247 4.165 4.082 3.996 3.930
11 4.397 4.342 4.293 4.251 4.099 4.021 3.941 3.860 3.776 3.690 3.624
12 4.155 4.100 4.052 4.010 3.858 3.780 3.701 3.619 3.535 3.449 3.382
13 3.960 3.905 3.857 3.815 3.665 3.587 3.507 3.425 3.341 3.255 3.187
14 3.800 3.745 3.698 3.656 3.505 3.427 3.348 3.266 3.181 3.094 3.026
15 3.666 3.612 3.564 3.522 3.372 3.294 3.214 3.132 3.047 2.959 2.891
16 3.553 3.498 3.451 3.409 3.259 3.181 3.101 3.018 2.933 2.845 2.775
17 3.455 3.401 3.353 3.312 3.162 3.084 3.003 2.920 2.835 2.746 2.676
18 3.371 3.316 3.269 3.227 3.077 2.999 2.919 2.835 2.749 2.660 2.589
19 3.297 3.242 3.195 3.153 3.003 2.925 2.844 2.761 2.674 2.584 2.512

20 3.231 3.177 3.130 3.088 2.938 2.859 2.778 2.695 2.608 2.517 2.445
21 3.173 3.119 3.072 3.030 2.880 2.801 2.720 2.636 2.548 2.457 2.384
22 3.121 3.067 3.019 2.978 2.827 2.749 2.667 2.583 2.495 2.403 2.329
23 3.074 3.020 2.973 2.931 2.781 2.702 2.620 2.535 2.447 2.354 2.280
24 3.032 2.977 2.930 2.889 2.738 2.659 2.577 2.492 2.403 2.310 2.235
25 2.993 2.939 2.892 2.850 2.699 2.620 2.538 2.453 2.364 2.270 2.194
26 2.958 2.904 2.857 2.815 2.664 2.585 2.503 2.417 2.327 2.233 2.166
27 2.926 2.871 2.824 2.783 2.632 2.552 2.470 2.384 2.294 2.198 2.122
28 2.896 2.842 2.795 2.753 2.602 2.522 2.440 2.364 2.263 2.167 2.090
29 2.868 2.814 2.767 2.726 2.574 2.495 2.412 2.325 2.234 2.138 2.060

30 2.843 2.789 2.742 2.700 2.549 2.469 2.386 2.299 2.208 2.111 2.032
31 2.820 2.765 2.718 2.677 2.525 2.445 2.362 2.275 2.183 2.086 2.006
32 2.798 2.744 2.696 2.655 2.503 2.423 2.340 2.252 2.160 2.062 1.982
33 2.777 2.723 2.676 2.634 2.482 2.402 2.319 2.231 2.139 2.040 1.959
34 2.758 2.704 2.657 2.615 2.463 2.383 2.299 2.211 2.118 2.019 1.938
35 2.740 2.686 2.639 2.597 2.445 2.364 2.281 2.193 2.099 2.000 1.918
36 2.723 2.669 2.622 2.580 2.428 2.347 2.263 2.175 2.082 1.981 1.899
37 2.707 2.653 2.606 2.564 2.412 2.331 2.247 2.159 2.065 1.964 1.881
38 2.692 2.638 2.591 2.549 2.397 2.316 2.232 2.143 2.049 1.947 1.864
39 2.678 2.624 2.577 2.535 2.382 2.302 2.217 2.128 2.034 1.932 1.848

40 2.665 2.611 2.563 2.522 2.369 2.288 2.203 2.114 2.019 1.917 1.833
50 2.562 2.508 2.461 2.419 2.265 2.183 2.098 2.007 1.909 1.803 1.713
60 2.496 2.442 2.394 2.352 2.198 2.115 2.028 1.936 1.836 1.726 1.633
70 2.450 2.395 2.348 2.306 2.150 2.067 1.980 1.886 1.785 1.672 1.574
80 2.415 2.361 2.313 2.271 2.115 2.032 1.944 1.849 1.746 1.630 1.530
90 2.389 2.334 2.286 2.244 2.088 2.004 1.916 1.820 1.716 1.598 1.494

100 2.368 2.313 2.265 2.223 2.067 1.983 1.893 1.797 1.692 1.572 1.466
110 2.350 2.296 2.248 2.206 2.049 1.965 1.875 1.778 1.672 1.551 1.442
120 2.336 2.282 2.234 2.192 2.035 1.950 1.860 1.753 1.656 1.533 1.421
200 2.275 2.220 2.172 2.129 1.971 1.886 1.794 1.694 1.583 1.453 1.328
500 2.220 2.166 2.117 2.075 1.915 1.829 1.735 1.633 1.517 1.377 1.232
 29

Tabla B. Valores de z en función de r

r z r z r z r z r z
.000 .000 .200 .203 .400 .424 .600 .693 .800 1.099
.005 .005 .205 .208 .405 .430 .605 .701 .805 1.113
.010 .010 .210 .213 .410 .436 .610 .709 .810 1.127
.015 .015 .215 .218 .415 .442 .615 .717 .815 1.142
.020 .020 .220 .224 .420 .448 .620 .725 .820 1.157

.025 .025 .225 .229 .425 .454 .625 .733 .825 1.172
.030 .030 .230 .234 .430 .460 .630 .741 .830 1.188
.035 .035 .235 .239 .435 .466 .635 .750 .835 1.204
.040 .040 .240 .245 .440 .472 .640 .758 .840 1.221
.045 .045 .245 .250 .445 .478 .645 .767 .845 1.238

.050 .050 .250 .255 .450 .485 .650 .775 .850 1.256
.055 .055 .255 .261 .455 .491 .655 .784 .855 1.274
.060 .060 .260 .266 .460 .497 .660 .793 .860 1.293
.065 .065 .265 .271 .465 .504 .665 .802 .865 1.313
.070 .070 .270 .277 .470 .510 .670 .811 .870 1.333

.075 .075 .275 .282 .475 .517 .675 .820 .875 1.354
.080 .080 .280 .288 .480 .523 .680 .829 .880 1.376
.085 .085 .285 .293 .485 .530 .685 .838 .885 1.398
.090 .090 .290 .299 .490 .536 .690 .848 .890 1.422
.095 .095 .295 .304 .495 .543 .695 .858 .895 1.447

.100 .100 .300 .310 .500 .549 .700 .867 .900 1.472
.105 .105 .305 .315 .505 .556 .705 .877 .905 1.499
.110 .110 .310 .321 .510 .563 .710 .887 .910 1.528
.115 .116 .315 .326 .515 .570 .715 .897 .915 1.557
.120 .121 .320 .332 .520 .576 .720 .908 .920 1.589

.125 .126 .325 .337 .525 .583 .725 .918 .925 1.623
.130 .131 .330 .343 .530 .590 .730 .929 .930 1.658
.135 .136 .335 .348 .535 .597 .735 .940 .935 1.697
.140 .141 .340 .354 .540 .604 .740 .950 .940 1.738
.145 .146 .345 .360 .545 .611 .745 .962 .945 1.783

.150 .151 .350 .365 .550 .618 .750 .973 .950 1.832
.155 .156 .355 .371 .555 .626 .755 .984 .955 1.886
.160 .161 .360 .377 .560 .633 .760 .996 .960 1.946
.165 .167 .365 .383 .565 .640 .765 1.008 .965 2.014
.170 .172 .370 .388 .570 .648 .770 1.020 .970 2.092

.175 .177 .375 .394 .575 .655 .775 1.033 .975 2.185
.180 .182 .380 .400 .580 .662 .780 1.045 .980 2.298
.185 .187 .385 .406 .585 .670 .785 1.058 .985 2.443
.190 .192 .390 .412 .590 .678 .790 1.071 .990 2.647
.195 .198 .395 .418 .595 .685 .795 1.085 .995 2.994

La tabla ha sido realizada por F.P. Kilpatrick y D.A. Buchanan a partir de la expresión:
z = 0,5 [ (loge (1 + r) - loge (1 –r)]
Fuente: A.L. Edwars. Statistical Methods for the Behavioral Sciences. New York: Holt. Rinehart and
Winston, 1954. Reproducido con autorización del Editor.
30

Tabla A.11. Coeficientes, divisores y valores de K para ajustar las curvas cuárticas a datos de intervalos ¡guales, y para
separar la suma de cuadrados.

3 4 5 6
n:
c1 c2 c1 c2 c3 c1 c2 c3 c4 c1 c2 c3 c4
-1 1 -3 1 -1 -2 2 -1 1 -5 5 -5 1
0 -2 -1 -1 3 -1 -1 2 -4 -3 -1 7 -3
1 1 1 -1 -3 0 -2 0 6 -1 -4 4 2
3 1 1 1 -1 -2 -4 1 -4 -4 2
2 2 1 1 3 -1 -7 -3
5 5 5 1
Divisores:
2 6 20 4 20 10 14 10 70 70 84 180 28

K1 = 1/3 K1 = 5/16 K1 = 1/7 K5 = 1/12 K1 = 5/96 K5 = 1/864

K2 = 1/2 K2 = 1/20 K2 = 1/10 K6 = 1/24 K2 = 1/70 K6 = 1/768
K3 = K3 = 14/240 K3 = 17/60 K7 = 31/168 K3 = 101/4320 K7 = 95/2688
K4 = 1/2 K4 = 1/16 K4 = 1/14 K8 = 3/35 K4 = 1/124 K8 = 27/256
K5 = 1/48

7 8 9
n:
c1 c2 c3 c4 c1 c2 c3 c4 c1 c2 c3 c4
-3 5 -1 3 -7 7 -7 7 -4 28 -14 14
-2 0 1 -7 -5 1 5 -13 -3 7 7 -21
-1 -3 1 1 -3 -3 7 -3 -2 -7 13 -11
0 -4 0 6 -1 -5 3 9 -1 -17 9 9
1 -3 -1 1 1 -5 -3 9 0 -20 0 18
2 0 -1 -7 3 -3 -7 -3 1 -17 -9 9
3 5 1 3 5 1 -5 -13 2 -8 -13 -11
7 7 7 7 3 7 -7 -21
4 28 14 14
Divisores:
28 84 6 154 168 168 264 616 60 2772 990 2002

K5
K1 = 1/21 1/36 K1 = 1/32 K1 = 5/693
=
K6
K2 = 1/28 1/264 K2 = 1/168 K2 = 1/60
=
K7
K3 = 7/36 67/1848 K3 = 37/3168 K3 = 59/5940
=
K8
K4 = 1/84 3/77 K4 = 1/672 K4 = 1/924
=
K5 = 1/3168 K5 = 1/1188
K6 = 1/16896 K6 = 1/3432
K7 = 179/59136 K7 = 115/24024
K8 = 9/512 K8 = 9/1001
 31

Tabla A.11. Continuación.

10 11
n:
c1 c2 c3 c4 c1 c2 c3 c4
-9 6 -42 18 -5 15 -30 6
-7 2 14 -22 -4 6 6 -6
-5 -1 35 -17 -3 -1 22 -6
-3 -3 31 3 -2 -6 23 -1
-1 -4 12 18 -1 -9 14 4
1 -4 -12 18 0 -10 0 6
3 -3 -31 3 1 -9 -14 4
5 -1 -35 -17 2 -6 -23 -1
7 2 -14 -22 3 -1 -22 -6
9 6 42 18 4 6 -6 -6
5 15 30 6

Divisores: 330 132 8580 2860 110 858 4290 286

K1 = 1/32 K5 = 1/41184 K1 = 5/429 K5 = 1/5148

K2 = 1/330 K6 = 1/109824 K2 = 1/110 K6 = 1/3432
K3 = 293/205920 K7 = 41/54912 K3 = 89/25740 K7 = 25/3432
K4 = 1/1056 K8 = 9/1280 K4 = 1/858 K8 = 3/143

12 13
n:
c1 c2 c3 c4 c1 c2 c3 c4
-11 55 -33 33 -6 22 -11 99
-9 25 3 -27 -5 11 0 -66
-7 1 21 -33 -4 2 6 -96
-5 -17 25 -13 -3 -5 8 -54
-3 -29 19 12 -2 -10 7 11
-1 -35 7 28 -1 -13 4 64
1 -35 -7 28 0 -14 0 84
3 -29 -19 12 1 -13 -4 64
5 -17 -25 -13 2 -10 -7 11
7 1 -21 -33 3 -5 -8 -54
9 25 -3 -27 4 2 -6 -96
11 55 33 33 5 11 0 -66
6 22 11 99

Divisores: 572 12012 5148 8008 182 2002 572 68068

K1 = 1/336 K5 = 1/61776 K1 = 1/143 K5 = 1/3432

K2 = 1/572 K6 = 1/439296 K2 = 1/182 K6 = 1/116688
K3 = 85/61776 K7 = 419/1537536 K3 = 25/3432 K7 = 19/62832
K4 = 1/16016 K8 = 27/7168 K4 = 1/2002 K8 = 3/2431

Tabla A.11. Continuación.

32

14 15
n:
c1 c2 c3 c4 c1 c2 c3 c4
-13 13 -143 143 -7 91 -91 1001
-11 7 -11 -77 -6 52 -13 -429
-9 2 66 -132 -5 19 35 -869
-7 -2 98 -92 -4 -8 58 -704
-5 -5 95 -13 -3 -29 61 -249
-3 -7 63 63 -2 -44 49 251
-1 -8 24 108 -1 -53 27 621
1 -8 -24 108 0 -56 0 756
3 -7 -67 63 1 -53 -27 621
5 -5 -95 -13 2 -44 -49 251
7 -2 -98 -92 3 -29 -61 -249
9 2 -66 -132 4 -8 -58 -704
11 7 11 -77 5 19 -35 -869
13 13 143 14 6 52 13 -429
7 91 91 1001

Divisores: 910 728 97240 136136 280 37128 39780 6466460

K1 = 5/488 K5 = 1/466752 K1 = 1/663 K5 = 1/47736

K2 = 1/910 K6 = 1/3734016 K2 = 1/280 K6 = 1/2217072
K3 = 581/2333760 K7 = 575/13069056 K3 = 167/238680 K7 = 331/15519504
K4 = 1/5824 K8 = 3/3584 K4 = 1/12376 K8 = 27/230945

16 17
n:
c1 c2 c3 c4 c1 c2 c3 c4
-15 35 -455 273 -8 40 -28 52
-13 21 -91 -91 -7 25 -7 -13
-11 9 143 -221 -6 12 7 -39
-9 -1 267 -201 -5 1 15 -39
-7 -9 301 -101 -4 -8 18 -24
-5 -15 265 23 -3 -15 17 -3
-3 -19 179 129 -2 -20 13 17
-1 -21 63 189 -1 -23 7 31
1 -21 -63 189 0 -24 0 36
3 -19 -179 129 1 -23 -7 31
5 -15 -265 23 2 -20 -13 17
7 -9 -301 -101 3 -15 -17 -3
9 -1 -267 -201 4 -8 -18 -24
11 9 -143 -221 5 1 -15 -39
13 21 91 -91 6 12 -7 -39
15 35 455 273 7 25 7 -13
8 40 28 52

Divisores: 1360 5712 1007760 470288 408 7752 3876 16796

K1 = 5/1344 K5 = 1/2418624 K1 = 1/323 K5 = 1/23256

K2 = 1/1360 K6 = 1/12899328 K2 = 1/408 K6 = 1/201552
K3 = 761/12093120 K7 = 755/45147648 K3 = 43/23256 K7 = 61/201552
K4 = 1/22848 K8 = 3/7168 K4 = 1/7752 K8 = 9/4199
 33

Tabla A.11. Continuación.

18 19
n:
c1 c2 c3 c4 c1 c2 c3 c4
-17 68 -68 68 -9 51 -204 612
-15 44 -20 -12 -8 34 -68 -68
-13 23 13 -47 -7 19 28 -388
-11 5 33 -51 -6 6 89 -453
-9 -10 42 -36 -5 -5 120 -354
-7 -22 42 -12 -4 -14 126 -168
-5 -31 35 13 -3 -21 112 42
-3 -37 23 33 -2 -26 83 227
-1 -40 8 44 -1 -29 44 352
1 -40 -8 44 0 -30 0 396
3 -37 -23 33 1 -29 -44 352
5 -31 -35 13 2 -26 -83 227
7 -22 -42 -12 3 -21 -112 42
9 -10 -42 -36 4 -14 -126 -168
11 5 -33 -51 5 -5 -120 -354
13 23 -13 -47 6 6 -89 -453
15 44 20 -12 7 19 -28 -388
17 68 68 68 8 34 68 -68
9 51 204 612

Divisores: 1938 23256 23256 28424 570 13466 213180 2288132

K1 = 1/576 K5 = 1/558144 K1 = 5/2261 K5 = 1/255816

K2 = 1/1938 K6 = 1/5457408 K2 = 1/570 K6 = 1/3922512
K3 = 193/558144 K7 = 137/2728704 K3 = 269/1279080 K7 = 535/27457584
K4 = 1/62016 K8 = 9/5632 K4 = 1/13566 K8 = 9/52003
34

Tabla A.11. Continuación.

20 21
n:
c1 c2 c3 c4 c1 c2 c3 c4
-19 57 -969 1938 -10 190 -285 969
-17 39 -357 -102 -9 133 -114 0
-15 23 85 -1122 -8 82 12 -510
-13 9 377 -1402 -7 37 98 -680
-11 -3 539 -1187 -6 -2 149 -615
-9 -13 591 -687 -5 -35 170 -406
-7 -21 553 -77 -4 -62 166 -130
-5 -27 445 503 -3 -83 142 150
-3 -31 287 948 -2 -98 103 385
-1 -33 99 1188 -1 -107 54 540
1 -33 -99 1188 0 -110 0 594
3 -31 -287 948 1 -107 -54 540
5 -27 -445 503 2 -98 -103 385
7 -21 -553 -77 3 -83 -142 150
9 -13 -591 -687 4 -62 -166 -130
11 -3 -539 -1187 5 -35 -170 -406
13 9 -377 -1402 6 -2 -149 -615
15 23 -85 -1122 7 37 -98 -680
17 39 357 -102 8 82 -12 -510
19 57 969 1938 9 133 114 0
10 190 285 969

Divisores: 2660 17556 4903140 22881320 770 201894 432630 5720330

K1 = 1/528 K5 = 1/11767536 K1 = 5/9177 K5 = 1/519156

K2 = 1/2660 K6 = 1/251040768 K2 = 1/770 K6 = 1/9806280
K3 = 1193/58837680 K7 = 1187/878642688 K3 = 329/2595780 K7 = 131/13728792
K4 = 1/70224 K8 = 3/56320 K4 = 1/67298 K8 = 27/260015
 35

Tabla A.11. Continuación.

22 23
n:
c1 c2 c3 c4 c1 c2 c3 c4
-21 35 -133 1197 -11 77 -77 1463
-19 25 -57 57 -10 56 -35 133
-17 16 0 -570 -9 37 -3 -627
-15 8 40 -810 -8 20 20 -950
-13 1 65 -775 -7 5 35 -955
-11 -5 77 -563 -6 8 43 -747
-9 -10 78 -258 -5 19 45 -417
-7 -14 70 70 -4 28 42 -42
-5 -17 55 365 -3 35 35 315
-3 -19 35 585 -2 40 25 605
-1 -20 12 702 -1 43 13 793
1 -20 -12 702 0 44 0 588
3 -19 -35 585 1 43 -13 793
5 -17 -55 365 2 40 -25 605
7 -14 -70 70 3 35 -35 315
9 -10 -78 -258 4 28 -42 -42
11 -5 -77 -563 5 19 -45 -417
13 1 -65 -775 6 8 -43 -747
15 8 -40 -810 7 5 -35 -955
17 16 0 -570 8 20 -20 -950
19 25 57 57 9 37 3 -627
21 35 133 1197 10 56 35 133
11 77 77 1463

Divisores: 3542 7084 96140 8748740 1012 35420 32890 131231100

K1 = 1/352 K5 = 1/2307360 K1 = 1/805 K5 = 1/197340

K2 = 1/3542 K6 = 1/239965440 K2 = 1/1012 K6 = 1/22496760
K3 = 289/2307360 K7 = 1439/839879040 K3 = 79/197340 K7 = 787/157477320
K4 = 1/56672 K8 = 3/36608 K4 = 1/35520 K8 = 1/15295
36

Tabla A.11. Continuación.

24 25
n:
c1 c2 c3 c4 c1 c2 c3 c4
-23 253 -1771 253 -12 92 -506 1518
-21 187 -847 33 -11 69 -253 253
-19 127 -133 -97 -10 48 -55 -517
-17 73 391 -157 -9 29 93 -897
-15 25 745 -165 -8 12 196 -982
-13 -17 949 -137 -7 -3 259 -557
-11 -53 1023 -87 -6 -16 287 -597
-9 -83 987 -27 -5 -27 285 -267
-7 -107 861 33 -4 -36 258 78
-5 -125 665 85 -3 -43 211 393
-3 -137 419 123 -2 -48 149 643
-1 -143 143 143 -1 -51 77 803
1 -143 -143 143 0 -52 0 858
3 -137 -419 123 1 -51 -77 803
5 -125 -665 85 2 -48 -149 643
7 -107 -861 33 3 -43 -211 393
9 -83 -987 -27 4 -36 -258 78
11 -53 -1023 -87 5 -27 -285 -267
13 -17 -949 -137 6 -16 -287 -597
15 25 -745 -165 7 -3 -259 -557
17 73 -391 -157 8 12 -196 -982
19 127 133 -97 9 29 -93 -897
21 187 847 33 10 48 55 -517
23 253 1771 253 11 69 253 253
12 92 506 1518

Divisores: 4600 394680 17760600 394680 1300 53820 1480050 14307150

K1 = 5/13728 K5 = 1/42625440 K1 = 1/1035 K5 = 1/1776060

K2 = 1/4600 K6 = 1/75778560 K2 = 1/1300 K6 = 1/34337160
K3 = 1721/213127200 K7 = 49/7577856 K3 = 467/8880300 K7 = 133/34337160
K4 = 1/256240 K8 = 27/73216 K4 = 1/53820 K8 = 1/16675
 37

Tabla A.12 Coeficientes para ajustar curvas periódicas, y para separar sumas de cuadrados, para datos
tomados a intervalos de tiempo iguales durante un ciclo completo.

Valores de X para n ∗
U1 V1 U2 V2 U3 V3 U4 V4
4 6 8 1224
0 0 0 0 0 1,000 0,000 1,000 0,000 1,000 0,000 1,000 0,000
1 0,966 0,259 0,866 0,500 0,707 0,707 0,500 0,866
1 2 0,866 0,500 0,500 0,866 0,000 1,000 - 0,500 0,866
1 3 0,707 0,707 0,000 1 ,000 - 0,707 0,707 - 1,000 0,000
1 2 4 0,500 0,866 - 0,500 0,366 - 1,000 0,000 - 0,500 - 0,866
5 0,259 0,966 - 0,866 0,500 - 0,707 - 0,707 0,500 - 0,866
1 2 3 6 0,000 1,000 - 1,000 0,000 0,000 - 1,000 1,000 0,000
7 - 0,259 0,966 - 0,866 - 0,500 0,707 - 0,707 0,500 0,866
2 4 8 - 0,500 0,866 - 0,500 - 0,866 1,000 0,000 - 0,500 0,866
3 9 - 0,707 0,707 0,000 - 1,000 0,707 0,707 - 1,00 0,000
5 10 - 0,866 0,500 0,500 - 0,866 0,000 1,000 - 0,500 - 0,866
11 - 0,966 0,259 0,866 - 0,500 - 0,707 0,707 0,500 - 0,866
2 3 4 6 12 - 1,000 0,000 1,000 0,000 - 1,000 0,000 1,000 1,000
13 - 0,966 - 0,259 0,866 0,500 - 0,707 - 0,707 0,500 0,866
7 14 - 0,866 - 0,500 0,500 0,866 0,000 - 1,000 - 0,500 0,866
5 15 - 0,707 - 0,707 0,000 1,000 0,707 - 0,707 - 0,000 0,000
4 8 16 - 0,500 - 0,866 - 0,500 0,866 1,000 0,000 - 0,500 - 0,866
17 - 0,259 - 0,966 - 0,866 0,500 0,707 0,707 0,500 - 0,866
3 6 9 18 0,000 - 1,000 - 1,000 0,000 0,000 1,000 1,000 1,000
19 0,259 - 0,966 - 0,866 - 0,500 - 0,707 0,707 0,500 0,866
5 10 20 0,500 - 0,866 - 0,500 - 0,866 - 1,000 1,000 - 0,500 0,866
7 21 0,707 - 0,707 1,000 - 1,000 - 0,707 - 0,707 - 1,000 0,000
11 22 0,866 - 0,500 1,500 - 0,866 - 1,000 - 1,000 - 0,500 - 0,866
23 0,966 - 0,259 0,866 - 0,500 - 0,707 0,707 0,500 - 0,866
∗ Para un valor dado de n, úsense solamente las líneas de la tabla para las cuales se han dado valores de X.
Cuando n = 4, empléense sólo las columnas para U2, Cuando n = 6, utilícense sólo las columnas para U3,
Cuando n = 8, úsense sólo las columnas para U4.
Valores de X para n = 7
U1 V1 U2 V2 U3 V3
0 - 1,000 0,000 1,000 0,000 1,000 0,000
1 0,623 0,782 - 0,223 0,975 0,901 0,434
2 - 0,223 0,975 0,901 - 0,434 0,623 - 0,782
3 - 0,901 0,434 0,023 - 0,782 - 0,223 0,975
4 - 0,901 - 0,434 0,623 0,782 - 0,223 - 0,975
5 - 0,223 - 0,975 - 0,901 0,434 0,623 0,782
6 0,623 - 0,782 - 0,223 - 0,975 - 0,901 - 0,434
38

Tabla A.12. Continuación.

Valores de X para n = 52
U1 V1 U2 V2 U3 V3 U4 V4
0 1,000 0,000 1,000 0,000 1,000 0,000 1,000 0,000
1 0,993 0,121 0,971 0,239 0,935 0,355 0,885 0,465
2 0,971 0,239 0,885 0,465 0,749 0,663 0,568 0,823
3 0,935 0,355 0,749 0,663 0,465 0,885 0,121 0,993
4 0,885 0,465 0,568 0,823 0,121 0,993 - 0,355 0,935
5 0,823 0,568 0,355 0,935 - 0,239 0,971 - 0,749 0,663
6 0,749 0,663 0,121 0,993 - 0,568 0,823 - 0,971 0,239
7 0,663 0,749 - 0,121 0,993 0,823 0,568 - 0,971 - 0,239
8 0,568 0,823 - 0,355 0,935 - 0,971 0,239 - 0,749 - 0,663
9 0,405 0,885 - 0,568 0,823 - 0,993 - 0,121 - 0,355 - 0,935
10 0,335 0,935 - 0,749 0,885 - 0,885 - 0,465 0,121 - 0,993
11 0,239 0,971 - 0,885 0,465 - 0,663 - 0,749 0,568 - 0,823
12 0,121 0,993 - 0,971 0,239 - 0,355 - 0,935 0,885 - 0,465
13 0,000 1,000 - 1,000 0,000 0,000 - 1,000 1,000 0,000
14 - 0,121 0,993 - 0,971 - 0,239 0,355 - 0,935 0,885 0,465
15 - 0,239 0,971 - 0,885 - 0,465 0,663 - 0,749 0,568 0,823
16 - 0,355 0,935 - 0,749 - 0,663 0,885 - 0,465 0,121 0,993
17 - 0,405 0,885 - 0,568 - 0,823 0,993 - 0,121 - 0,355 0,935
18 - 0,568 0,823 - 0,355 - 0,935 0,971 0,239 - 0,749 0,663
19 - 0,663 0,749 - 0,121 - 0,993 0,823 0,568 - 0,971 0,239
20 - 0,749 0,663 0,121 - 0,993 0,508 0,823 - 0,971 - 0,239
21 - 0,823 0,568 0,355 - 0,935 0,239 0:971 - 0,749 - 0,663
22 - 0,885 0,465 0,568 - 0,823 - 0,121 0,993 - 0,355 - 0,935
23 - 0,935 0,355 0,749 - 0,663 - 0,465 0,885 0,121 - 0,993
24 - 0,971 0,239 0,885 - 0,465 - 0,749 0,663 0,568 - 0,823
25 - 0,993 0,121 0,971 - 0,239 - 0,935 0,355 0,885 - 0,465
26 - 1,000 0,000 1,000 0,000 - 1,000 0,000 1,000 0,000
27 - 0,993 - 0,121 0,971 0,239 - 0,935 - 0,355 0,885 0,465
28 - 0,971 - 0,239 0,885 0,465 - 0,749 - 0,663 0,568 0,823
29 - 0,935 - 0,355 0,749 0,663 - 0,465 - 0,885 0,121 0,993
30 - 0,885 - 0,465 0,568 0,823 - 0,121 - 0,121 - 0,355 0,935
31 - 0,823 - 0,568 0,355 0,935 0,239 - 0,971 - 0,749 0,663
32 - 0,749 - 0,663 0,121 0,993 0,568 - 0,823 - 0,971 0,239
33 - 0,663 - 0,749 - 0,121 0,993 0,823 - 0,568 - 0,971 - 0,239
34 - 0,508 - 0,823 - 0,355 0,935 0,971 - 0,239 - 0,749 - 0,663
35 - 0,465 - 0,885 - 0,568 0,823 0,993 0,121 - 0,355 - 0,935
36 - 0,355 - 0,935 - 0,749 0,663 0,885 0,465 0,121 - 0,993
37 - 0,239 - 0,971 - 0,885 0,465 0,663 0,749 0,568 - 0,823
38 - 0,121 - 0,993 - 0,971 0,239 0,355 0,935 0,885 - 0,465
39 0,000 - 1,000 - 1,000 0,000 0,000 1,000 1,000 0,000
40 0,121 - 0,993 - 0,971 - 0,239 - 0,355 0,935 0,885 0,465
41 0,239 - 0,971 - 0,885 - 0,465 - 0,663 0,749 0,568 0,823
42 0,355 - 0,935 - 0,749 - 0,663 -0,885 0,465 0,121 0,993
43 0,465 - 0,885 - 0,508 - 0,823 - 0,993 0,121 0,355 0,935
44 0,508 - 0,823 - 0,355 - 0,935 - 0,971 - 0,239 0,749 0,663
45 0,603 - 0,749 - 0,121 - 0,993 - 0,823 - 0,568 - 0,971 0,239
46 0,749 - 0,663 0,121 - 0,993 - 0,568 - 0,823 - 0,971 - 0,239
47 0,823 - 0,508 0,355 - 0,935 - 0,239 - 0,971 - 0,749 - 0,663
48 0,885 - 0,465 0,568 - 0,823 0,121 - 0,993 - 0,355 - 0,935
49 0,935 - 0,355 0,749 - 0,663 - 0,465 - 0,885 0,121 - 0,993
50 0,971 - 0,239 0,885 - 0,405 0,749 - 0,663 0,508 - 0,823
51 0,993 - 0,121 0,971 - 0,239 0,935 - 0,355 0,885 - 0,465
 39

Tabla L. Percentiles para la prueba de Rangos Múltiples de Duncan

Número de medias determinadas por las dos que se comparan dentro de la serie de todas las medias ordenadas
GLe α por la magnitud de las mismos.
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 12 14 16 18 20
,05 18,0 18,0 18,0 18,0 18,0 18,0 18,0 18,0 18,0 18,0 18,0 18,0 18,0 18,0
1
,01 90,0 90,0 90,0 90,0 90,0 90,0 90,0 90,0 90,0 90,0 90,0 90,0 90,0 90,0
,05 6,09 6,09 6,09 6,09 6,09 6,09 6,09 6,09 6,09 6,09 6,09 6,09 6,09 6,09
2
,01 14,0 14,0 14,0 14,0 14,0 14,0 14,0 14,0 14,0 14,0 14,0 14,0 14,0 14,0
,05 4,50 4,50 4,50 4,50 4,50 4,50 4,50 4,50 4,50 4,50 4,50 4,50 4,50 4,50
3
,01 8,26 8,5 8,6 8,7 8,8 8,9 9,0 9,0 9,0 9,1 9,2 9,3 9,3 9,3
,05 3,93 4,01 4,02 4,02 4,02 4,02 4,02 4,02 4,02 4,02 4,02 4,02 4,02 4,02
4
,01 6,51 6,8 6,9 7,0 7,1 7,1 7,2 7,2 7,3 7,3 7,4 7,4 7,5 7,5
,05 3,64 3,74 3,79 3,83 3,83 3,83 3,83 3,83 3,83 3,83 3,83 3,83 3,83 3,83
5
,01 5,70 5,96 6,11 6,18 6,26 6,33 6,40 6,44 6,5 6,6 6,6 6,7 6,7 6,8
,05 3,46 3,58 3,64 3,68 3,68 3,68 3,68 3,68 3,68 3,68 3,68 3,68 3,68 3,68
6
,01 5,24 5,51 5,65 5,73 5,81 5,88 5,95 6,0 6,0 6,1 6,2 6,2 6,3 6,3
,05 3,35 3,47 3,54 3,58 3,60 3,61 3,61 3,61 3,61 3,61 3,61 3,61 3,61 3,61
7
,01 4,95 5,22 5,37 5,45 5,53 5,61 5,59 5,73 5,8 5,8 5,9 5,9 6,0 6,0
,05 3,26 3,39 3,47 3,52 3,55 3,56 3,56 3,56 3,56 3,56 3,56 3,56 3,56 3,56
8
,01 4,74 5,00 5,14 5,23 5,32 5,40 5,47 5,51 5,5 5,6 5,7 5,7 5,8 5,8
,05 3,20 3,34 3,41 3,47 3,50 3,52 3,52 3,52 3,52 3,52 3,52 3,52 3,52 3,52
9
,01 4,60 4,86 4,99 5,08 5,17 5,25 5,32 5,36 5,4 5,5 5,5 5,6 5,7 5,7
,05 3,15 3,30 3,37 3,43 3,46 3,46 3,47 3,47 3,47 3,47 3,47 3,47 3,47 3,48
10
,01 4,48 4,73 4,88 4,96 5,06 5,13 5,20 5,24 5,28 5,36 5,42 5,48 5,54 5,55
,05 3,11 3,27 3,33 3,39 3,43 3,44 3,45 3,46 3,46 3,46 3,46 3,46 3,47 3,48
11
,01 4,39 4,63 4,77 4,86 4,94 5,01 5,06 5,12 5,15 5,24 5,28 5,34 5,38 5,39
,05 3,08 3,23 3,33 3,36 3,40 3,42 3,44 3,44 3,46 3,46 3,46 3,46 3,47 3,48
12
,01 4,32 4,55 4,68 4,76 4,84 4,92 4,96 5,02 5,07 5,13 5,17 5,22 5,24 5,26
,05 3,06 3,21 3,30 3,35 3,38 3,41 3,42 3,44 3,45 3,45 3,46 3,46 3,47 3,47
13
,01 4,26 4,48 4,62 4,69 4 ,74 4,84 4,85 4,94 4,98 5,04 5,08 5,13 5,14 5,15
,05 3,03 3,18 3,27 3,33 3,37 3,39 3,41 3,42 3,44 3,45 3,46 3,46 3,47 3,47
14
,01 4,21 4,42 4,55 4,63 4,70 4,78 4,83 4,87 4,91 4,96 5,00 5,04 5,06 5,07
,05 3,01 3,16 3,25 3,31 3,36 3,38 3,40 3,42 3,43 3,44 3,45 3,46 3,47 3,47
15
,01 4,17 4,37 4,50 4,58 4,64 4,72 4,77 4,81 4,84 4,90 4,94 4,97 4,99 5,00
,05 3,00 3,15 3,23 3,30 3,34 3,37 3,39 3,41 3,43 3,44 3,45 3,46 3,47 3,47
16
,01 4,13 4,34 4,45 4,54 4,60 4,67 4,72 4,76 4,79 4,84 4,88 4,91 4,93 4,94
,05 2,90 3,13 3,22 3,28 3,33 3,36 3,38 3,40 3,42 3,44 3,45 3,46 3,47 3,47
17
,01 4,10 4,30 4,41 4,50 4,56 4,63 4,68 4,72 4,75 4,80 4,83 4,86 4,88 4,89
,05 2,97 3,12 3,21 3,27 3,32 3,34 3,37 3,39 3,41 3,43 3,45 3,46 3,47 3,47
18
,01 4,07 4,27 4,38 4,48 4,53 4,59 4,64 4,68 4,71 4,76 4,79 4,82 4,84 4,85
,05 2,96 3,11 3,19 3,26 3,31 3,35 3,37 3,39 3,41 3,43 3,44 3,46 3,47 3,47
19
,01 4,05 4,24 4,25 4,43 4,50 4,56 4,61 4,64 4,67 4,72 4,76 4,79 4,81 4,82
,05 2,95 3,10 3,18 3,25 3,30 3,34 3,36 3,38 3,40 3,43 3,44 3,46 3,46 3,47
20
,01 4,02 4,22 4,33 4,40 4,47 4,53 4,58 4,61 4,65 4,69 4,73 4,76 4,78 4,79
,05 2,93 3,08 3,17 3,24 3,29 3,32 3,35 3,37 3,39 3,42 3,44 3,45 3,46 3,47
22
,01 3,99 4,17 4,28 4,36 4,42 4,48 4,53 4,57 4,60 4,65 4,68 4,71 4,74 4,75
,05 2,92 3,07 3,17 3,22 3,28 3,31 3,34 3,37 3,38 3,41 3,44 3,45 3,46 3,47
24
,01 3,96 4,14 4,24 4,33 4,39 4,44 4,49 4,53 4,57 4,62 4,64 4,67 4,70 4,72
,05 2,91 3,06 3,14 3,21 3,27 3,30 3,34 3,36 3,38 3,41 3,43 3,45 3,46 3,47
26
,01 3,93 4,11 4,21 4,30 4,36 4,41 4,46 4,50 4,53 4,58 4,62 4,65 4,67 4,69
,05 2,90 3,04 3,13 3,20 3,26 3,30 3,33 3,35 3,37 3,40 3,43 3,45 3,46 3,47
28
,01 3,91 4,08 4,18 4,28 4,34 4,39 4,43 4,47 4,51 4,56 4,60 4,62 4,65 4,67
,05 2,89 3,04 3,12 3,20 3,25 3,29 3,32 3,35 3,37 3,40 3,43 3,44 3,46 3,47
30
,01 3,89 4,06 4,16 4,22 4,32 4,36 4,41 4,45 4,48 4,54 4,58 4,61 4,63 4,65
,05 2,86 3,01 3,10 3,17 3,22 3,27 3,30 3,33 3,35 3,39 3,42 3,44 3,46 3,47
40
,01 3,82 3,99 4,10 4,17 4,24 4,30 4,34 4,37 4,41 4,46 4,51 4,54 4,57 4,59
,05 2,83 2,98 3,08 3,14 3,20 3,24 3,28 3,31 3,33 3,37 3,40 3,43 3,45 3,47
60
,01 3,76 3,92 4,03 4,12 4,17 4,23 4,27 4,31 4,34 4,39 4,44 4,47 4,50 4,53
,05 2,80 2,95 3,05 3,12 3,18 3,22 3,26 3,29 3,32 3,36 3,40 3,42 3,45 3,47
100
,01 3,71 3,86 3,98 4,06 4,11 4,17 4,21 4,25 4,29 4,35 4,38 4,42 4,45 4,48
,05 2,77 2,92 3,02 3,09 3,15 3,19 3,23 3,26 3,29 3,34 3,38 3,41 3,44 3,47
∞
,01 3,64 3,80 3,90 3,98 4,04 4,09 4,14 4,17 4,20 4,26 4,31 4,34 4,38 4,41
 41

DUNNET
Tabla. t para comparaciones de dos colas entre p tratamientos y un control para un coeficiente de
confianza conjunto de p = 0,95 y p = 0,99.

P = número de medias de tratamiento, sin incluir el control.

Gle P 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
,95 2,57 3,03 3,39 3,66 3,88 4,06 4,22 4,36 4,49
5
,99 4,03 4,63 5,09 5,44 5,73 5,97 6,18 6,36 6,53
,95 2,45 2,86 3,18 3,41 3,60 3,75 3,88 4,00 4,11
6
,99 3,71 4,22 4,60 4,88 5,11 5,30 5,47 5,61 5,74
,95 2,36 2,75 3,04 3,24 3,41 3,54 3,66 3,76 3,86
7
,99 3,50 3,95 4,28 4,52 4,71 4,87 5,01 5,13 5,24
,95 2,31 2,67 2,94 3,13 3,28 3,40 3,51 3,60 3,68
8
,99 3,36 3,77 4,06 4,27 4,44 4,58 4,70 4,81 4,90
,95 2,26 2,61 2,86 3,04 3,18 3,29 3,39 3,48 3,55
9
,99 3,25 3,63 3,90 4,09 4,24 4,37 4,48 4,57 4,65
,95 2,23 2,57 2,81 2,97 3,11 3,21 3,31 3,39 3,46
10
,99 3,17 3,53 3,78 3,95 4,10 4,21 4,31 4,40 4,47
,95 2,20 2,53 2,76 2,92 3,05 3,15 3,24 3,31 3,38
11
,99 3,11 3,45 3,68 3,85 3,98 4,09 4,18 4,26 4,33
,95 2,18 2,50 2,72 2,88 3,00 3,10 3,18 3,25 3,32
12
,99 3,05 3,39 3,61 3,76 3,89 3,99 4,08 4,15 4,22
,95 2,16 2,48 2,69 2,84 2,96 3,06 3,14 3,21 3,27
13
,99 3,01 3,33 3,54 3,69 3,81 3,91 3,99 4,06 4,13
,95 2,14 2,46 2,67 2,81 2,93 3,02 3,10 3,17 3,23
14
,99 2,98 3,29 3,49 3,64 3,75 3,84 3,92 3,99 4,05
,95 2,13 2,44 2,64 2,79 2,90 2,99 3,07 3,13 3,19
15
,99 2,95 3,25 3,45 3,59 3,70 3,79 3,86 3,93 3,99
,95 2,12 2,42 2,63 2,77 2,88 2,96 3,04 3,10 3,16
16
,99 2,92 3,22 3,41 3,55 3,65 3,74 3,82 3,88 3,93
,95 2,11 2,41 2,61 2,75 2,85 2,94 3,01 3,08 3,13
17
,99 2,90 3,19 3,38 3,51 3,62 3,70 3,77 3,83 3,89
,95 2,10 2,40 2,59 2,73 2,84 2,92 2,99 3,05 3,11
18
,99 2,88 3,17 3,35 3,48 3,58 3,67 3,74 3,80 3,85
,95 2,09 2,39 2,58 2,72 2,82 2,90 2,97 3,04 3,09
19
,99 2,86 3,15 3,33 3,46 3,55 3,64 3,70 3,76 3,81
,95 2,09 2,38 2,57 2,70 2,81 2,89 2,96 3,02 3,07
20
,99 2,85 3,13 3,31 3,43 3,53 3,61 3,67 3,73 3,78
,95 2,06 2,35 2,53 2,66 2,76 2,84 2,91 2,96 3,01
24
,99 2,80 3,07 3,24 3,36 3,45 3,52 3,58 3,64 3,69
,95 2,04 2,32 2,50 2,62 2,72 2,79 2,86 2,91 2,96
30
,99 2,75 3,01 3,17 3,28 3,37 3,44 3,50 3,55 3,59
,95 2,02 2,29 2,47 2,58 2,67 2,75 2,81 2,86 2,90
40
,99 2,70 2,95 3,10 3,21 3,29 3,36 3,41 3,46 3,50
,95 2,00 2,27 2,43 2,55 2,63 2,70 2,76 2,81 2,85
60
,99 2,66 2,90 3,04 3,14 3,22 3,28 3,33 3,38 3,42
,95 1,98 2,24 2,40 2,51 2,59 2,66 2,71 2,76 2,80
120
,99 2,62 2,84 2,98 3,08 3,15 3,21 3,25 3,30 3,33
,95 1,96 2,21 2,37 2,47 2,55 2,62 2,67 2,71 2,75
∞
,99 2,58 2,79 2,92 3,01 3,08 3,14 3,18 3,22 3,25

Fuente: Esta tabla se reproduce de “A múltiple comparison procedure for comparing several
treatments with a control” J. Am. Stat Assn., 50: 1096-1121 (1955), con autorización del autor, C.
W. Dunnett, y del editor.
40

Tabla. t para comparaciones de una cola entre p medias de tratamiento y un control para un
coeficiente de confianza conjunto de p = 0,95 y P = 0,99 .

p = número de medias de tratamiento.

Gle P
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
,95 2,02 2,44 2,68 2,85 2,98 3,08 3,16 3,24 3,30
5
,99 3,37 3,90 4,21 4,43 4,60 4,73 4,85 4,94 5,03
,95 1,94 2,34 2,56 2,71 2,83 2,92 3,00 3,07 3,12
6
,99 3,14 3,61 3,88 4,07 4,21 4,33 4,43 4,51 4,59
,95 1,89 2,27 2,48 2,62 2,73 2,82 2,89 2,95 3,01
7
,99 3,00 3,42 3,66 3,83 3,96 4,07 4,15 4,23 4,30
,95 1,86 2,22 2,42 2,55 2,66 2,74 2,81 2,87 2,92
8
,99 2,90 3,29 3,51 3,67 3,79 3,88 3,96 4,03 4,09
,95 1,83 2,18 2,37 2,50 2,60 2,68 2,75 2,81 2,86
9
,99 2,82 3,19 3,40 3,55 3,66 3,75 3,82 3,89 3,94
,95 1,81 2,15 2,34 2,47 2,56 2,64 2,70 2,76 2,81
10
,99 2,76 3,11 3,31 3,45 3,56 3,64 3,71 3,78 3,83
,95 1,80 2,13 2,31 2,44 2,53 2,60 2,67 2,72 2,77
11
,99 2,72 3,06 3,25 3,38 3,48 3,56 3,63 3,69 3,74
,95 1,78 2,11 2,29 2,41 2,50 2,58 2,64 2,69 2,74
12
,99 2,68 3,01 3,19 3,32 3,42 3,50 3,56 3,62 3,67
,95 1,77 2,09 2,27 2,39 2,48 2,55 2,61 2,66 2,71
13
,99 2,65 2,97 3,15 3,27 3,37 3,44 3,51 3,56 3,61
,95 1,76 2,08 2,25 2,37 2,46 2,53 2,59 2,64 2,69
14
,99 2,62 2,94 3,11 3,23 3,32 3,40 3,46 3,51 3,56
,95 1,75 2,07 2,24 2,36 2,44 2,51 2,57 2,62 2,67
15
,99 2,60 2,91 3,08 3,20 3,29 3,36 3,42 3,47 3,52
,95 1,75 2,06 2,23 2,34 2,43 2,50 2,56 2,61 2,65
16
,99 2,58 2,88 3,05 3,17 3,26 3,33 3,39 3,44 3,48
,95 1,74 2,05 2,22 2,33 2,42 2,49 2,54 2,59 2,64
17
,99 2,57 2,86 3,03 3,14 3,23 3,30 3,36 3,41 3,45
,95 1,73 2,04 2,21 2,32 2,41 2,48 2,53 2,58 2,62
18
,99 2,55 2,84 3,01 3,12 3,21 3,27 3,33 3,38 3,42
,95 1,73 2,03 2,20 2,31 2,40 2,47 2,52 2,57 2,61
19
,99 2,54 2,83 2,99 3,10 3,18 3,25 3,31 3,36 3,40
,95 1,72 2,03 2,19 2,30 2,39 2,46 2,51 2,56 2,60
20
,99 2,53 2,81 2,97 3,08 3,17 3,23 3,29 3,34 3,38
,95 1,71 2,01 2,17 2,28 2,36 2,43 2,48 2,53 2,57
24
,99 2,49 2,77 2,92 3,03 3,11 3,17 3,22 3,27 3,31
,95 1,70 1,99 2,15 2,25 2,33 2,40 2,45 2,50 2,54
30
,99 2,46 2,72 2,87 2,97 3,05 3,11 3,16 3,21 3,24
,95 1,68 1,97 2,13 2,23 2,31 2,37 2,42 2,47 2,51
40
,99 2,42 2,68 2,82 2,92 2,99 3,05 3,10 3,14 3,18
,95 1,67 1,95 2,10 2,21 2,28 2,35 2,39 2,44 2,48
60
,99 2,39 2,64 2,78 2,87 2,94 3,00 3,04 3,08 3,12
,95 1,66 1,93 2,08 2,18 2,26 2,32 2,37 2,41 2,45
120
,99 2,36 2,60 2,73 2,82 2,89 2,94 2,99 3,03 3,06
,95 1,64 1,92 2,06 2,16 2,23 2,29 2,34 2,38 2,42
∞
,99 2,33 2,56 2,68 2,77 2,84 2,89 2,93 2,97 3,00

Fuente: Esta tabla se reproduce de “A múltiple comparison procedure for comparing several
treatments with a control” J. Am. Stat Assn., 50: 1096-1121 (1955), con autorización del autor, C.
W. Dunnett, y del editor.
Tabla. Puntos porcentuales superiores de la amplitud studentizada. q α = (Ymax − Ymin )/s Y TUKEY
GL p= número de medias de tratamiento.
e
α 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
,05 3,64 4,60 5,22 5,67 6,03 6,33 6,58 6,80 6,99 7,17 7,32 7,47 7,60 7,72 7,83 7,93 8,03 8,12 8,21
5
,01 5,70 6,97 7,80 8,42 8,91 9,32 9,67 9,97 10,24 10,48 10,70 10,89 11,08 11,24 11,40 11,55 11,68 11,81 11,93
,05 3,46 4,34 4,90 5,31 5,63 5,89 6,12 6,32 6,49 6,65 6,79 6,92 7,03 7,14 7,24 7,34 7,43 7,51 7,59
6
,01 5,24 6,33 7,03 7,56 7,97 8,32 8,61 8,87 9,10 9,30 9,49 9,65 9,81 9,95 10,08 10,21 10,32 10,43 10,54
,05 3,34 4,16 4,68 5,06 5,36 5,61 5,82 6,00 6,16 6,30 6,43 6,55 6,66 6,76 6,85 6,94 7,02 7,09 7,17
7
,01 4,95 5,92 6,54 7,01 7,37 7,68 7,94 8,17 8,37 8,55 8,71 8,86 9,00 9,12 9,24 9,35 9,46 9,55 9,65
,05 3,26 4,04 4,53 4,89 5,17 5,40 5,60 5,77 5,92 6,05 6,18 6,29 6,39 6,48 6,57 6,65 6,73 6,80 6,87
8
,01 4,74 5,63 6,20 6,63 6,96 7,24 7,47 7,68 7,87 8,03 8,18 8,31 3,44 5,55 8,66 8,76 8,85 3,94 9,03
,05 3,20 3,95 4,42 4,76 5,02 5,24 5,43 5,60 5,74 5,87 5,98 6,09 6,19 6,28 6,36 6,44 6,51 6,58 6,64
9
,01 4,60 5,43 5,96 6,35 6,66 6,91 7,13 7,32 7,49 7,65 7,78 7,91 8,03 8,13 8,23 8,32 8,41 8,49 8,57
,05 3,15 3,88 4,33 4,65 4,91 5,12 5,30 5,46 5,60 5,72 5,83 5,93 6,03 6,11 6,20 6,27 6,34 6,40 6,47
10
,01 4,48 5,27 5,77 6,14 6,43 6,67 6,87 7,05 7,21 7,36 7,48 7,60 7,71 7,81 7,91 7,99 8,07 3,15 8,22
,05 3,11 3,82 4,26 4,57 4,82 5,03 5,20 5,35 5,49 5,61 5,71 5,81 5,90 5,99 6,06 6,14 6,20 6,26 6,33
11
,01 4,39 5,14 5,62 5,97 6,25 6,48 6,67 6,84 6,99 7,13 7,25 7,36 7,46 7,56 7,65 7,73 7,81 7,88 7,95
,05 3,08 3,77 4,20 4,51 4,75 4,95 5,12 5,27 5,40 5,51 5,62 5,71 5,80 5,88 5,95 6,03 6,09 6,15 6,2 1
12
,01 4,32 5,04 5,50 5,84 6,10 6,32 6,51 6,67 6,81 6,94 7,06 7,17 7,26 7,36 7,44 7,52 7,59 7,66 7,73
,05 3,06 3,73 4,15 4,45 4,69 4,88 5,05 5,19 5,32 5,43 5,53 5,63 5,71 5,79 5,86 5,93 6,00 6,05 6,11
13
,01 4,26 4,96 5,40 5,73 5,98 6,19 6,37 6,53 6,67 6,79 6,90 7,01 7,10 7,19 7,27 7,34 7,42 7,48 7,55
,05 3,03 3,70 4,11 4,41 4,64 4,83 4,99 5,13 5,25 5,36 5,46 5,55 5,64 5,72 5,79 5,85 5,92 5,97 6,03
14
,01 4,21 4,89 5,32 5,63 5,88 6,08 6,26 6,41 6,54 6,66 6,77 6,87 6,96 7,05 7,12 7,20 7,27 7,33 7,39
,05 3,01 3,67 4,08 4,37 4,60 4,78 4,94 5,08 5,20 5,31 5,40 5,49 5,58 5,65 5,72 5,79 5,85 5,90 5,96
15
,01 4,17 4,33 5,25 5,56 5,80 5,99 6,16 6,31 6,44 6,55 6,66 6,76 6,84 6,93 7,00 7,07 7,14 7,20 7,26
,05 3,00 3,65 4,05 4,33 4,56 4,74 4,90 5,03 5,15 5,26 5,35 5,44 5,52 5,59 5,66 5,72 5,79 5,84 5,90
16
,01 4,13 4,78 5,19 5,49 5,72 5,92 6,08 6,22 6,35 6,46 6,56 6,66 6,74 6,82 6,90 6,97 7,03 7,09 7,15
,05 2,98 3,63 4,02 4,30 4,52 4,71 4,86 4,99 5,11 5,21 5,31 5,39 5,47 5,55 5,61 5,68 5,74 5,79 5,84
17
,01 4,10 4,74 5,14 5,43 5,66 5,85 6,01 6,15 5,27 6,38 6,48 6,57 6,66 6,73 6,80 6,87 6,94 7,00 7,05
,05 2,97 3.61 4,00 4,28 4,49 4,67 4,82 4,96 5,07 5,17 5,27 5,35 5,43 5,50 5,57 5,63 5,69 5,74 5,79
18
,01 4,07 4.70 5,09 5,38 5,60 5,79 5,94 6,08 6,20 6.31 6,41 6,50 5,58 6,65 6,72 6,79 6,85 6,91 6,96
,05 2,96 3,59 3,98 4,25 4,47 4,65 4,79 4,92 5,04 5,14 5,23 5,32 5,39 5,46 5,53 5,59 5,65 5,70 5,75
19
,01 4,05 4,67 5,05 5,33 5,55 5,73 5,89 6,02 6,14 6,25 6,34 6,43 6,51 6,58 6,65 6,72 6,78 6,84 6,89
,05 2,95 3,58 3,96 4,23 4,45 4,62 4,77 4,90 5,01 5,11 5,20 5,28 5,36 5,43 5,49 5,55 5,61 5,66 5,71
20
,01 4,02 4,64 5,02 5,29 5,51 5,69 5,84 5,97 6,09 6,19 6,29 6,37 6,45 6,52 6,59 6,65 6,71 6,76 6,82
,05 2,92 3,53 3,90 4,17 4,37 4,54 4,68 4,81 4,92 5,01 5,10 5,18 5,25 5,32 5,38 5,44 5,50 5,54 5,59
24
,01 3,96 4,54 4,91 5,17 5,37 5,54 5,69 5,81 5,92 6,02 6,11 6,19 6,26 6,33 6,39 6,45 6,51 6,56 6,61
,05 2,89 3,49 3,84 4,10 4,30 4,46 4,60 4,72 4,83 4,92 5,00 5,08 5,15 5,21 5,27 5,33 5,38 5,43 5,48
30
,01 3,89 4,45 4,80 5,05 5,24 5,40 5,54 5,65 5,76 5,85 5,93 6,01 6,08 6,14 6,20 6,26 6,31 6,36 6,41
 1

,05 2,86 3,44 3,79 4,04 4,23 4,39 4,52 4,63 4,74 4,82 4,91 4,98 5,05 5,11 5,16 5,22 5,27 5,31 5,36
40
,01 3,82 4,37 4,70 4,93 5,11 5,27 5,39 5,50 5,60 5,69 5,77 5,84 5,90 5,96 6,02 6,07 6,12 6,17 6,21
,05 2,83 3,40 3,74 3,98 4,16 4,31 4,44 4,55 4,65 4,73 4,81 4,88 4,94 5,00 5,06 5,11 5,16 5,20 5,24
60
,01 3,76 4,28 4,60 4,82 4,99 5,13 5,25 5,36 5,45 5,53 5,60 5,67 5,73 5,79 5,84 5,89 5,93 5,98 6,02
12 ,05 2,80 3,36 3,69 3,92 4,10 4,24 4,36 4,48 4,56 4,64 4,72 4,78 4,84 4,90 4,95 5,00 5,05 5,09 5,13
0 ,01 3,70 4,20 4,50 4,71 4,87 5,01 1,12 5,21 5,30 5,38 5,44 5,51 5,56 5,61 5,66 5,71 5,75 5,79 5,83
,05 2,77 3,31 3,63 3,86 4,03 4,17 4,29 4,39 4,47 4,55 4,62 4,68 4,74 4,80 4,85 4,89 4,93 4,97 5,01
∞
,01 3,64 4,12 4,40 4,60 4,76 4,88 4,99 5,08 5,16 5,23 5,29 5,35 5,40 5,45 5,49 5,54 5,57 5,61 5,65