EJERCICIOS SOBRE SEGUNDA LEY DE LA TERMODINAMICA PROPUESTOS POR VARIOS AUTORES

1). Se enfriarán pollos que tiene una masa promedio de 2.2 kg y calor especifico promedio de 3.54
kJ/kg-°C mediante agua helada que entra por un enfriador de inmersión a 0.5°C y sale a 2.5 °C. Los
pollos entran al enfriador a 15 °C a un flujo de 250 pollos por hora y se enfrían hasta una temperatura
promedio de 3°C para sacarlos del enfriador. El enfriador gana calor de los alrededores, que están
a 25°C, a razón 150 kJ/h. Determine la tasa de remoción de calor de los pollos en kW y la tasa de
generación de entropía durante este proceso. (R/ Qpollos = 6,49 kW, Sgen= 2,0937 kJ/hK)

2) Superheated water vapor at a pressure of 200 bar, a temperature of 500ºC, and a flow rate of 10
kg/s is to be brought to a saturated vapor state at 100 bar in an open feedwater heater. This process
is accomplished by mixing this stream with a stream of liquid water at 20ºC and 100 bar. What flow
rate is needed for the liquid stream? What is the entropy generated during this process? (mliq=1,959
kg/s; Sgen= 5,138 kJ/sK)
LIQUID WATER
100 BAR, 20°C

SUPERHEATED VAPOR SATURATED VAPOR

200 BAR, 500°C 100 BAR

3) An isolated chamber with rigid walls is divided into two equal compartments, one containing an
ideal gas with Cp/R = 7/2 at 600 K and 1 MPa and the other evacuated. The partition between the
two compartments ruptures. Compute the final T, P, and ΔS. (T2=600K; P2=0,5 MPa; S=5,763
kJ/Kkmol)

4) An electric water heater having a 200 liter capacity employs an electric resistor to heat water from
23 to 55°C. The outer surface of the resistor remains at an average temperature of 80°C. Heat transfer
from the outside of the water heater is negligible and the states of the resistor and the tank holding
the water do not change significantly. Modeling the water as incompressible, determine the amount
of entropy produced, in kJ/K, for
(a) the water as the system. (S=10,01 kJ/K)
(b) the overall water heater including the resistor. (S=85,67 kJ/K)

5) Se expande vapor de agua, de manera estacionaria, en un dispositivo a razón de 40000 kg/h. El

vapor entra a 8 MPa y 500°C y sale como vapor saturado a 40 kPa. El dispositivo genera una potencia
de 8.2 MW. Indique qué equipo de proceso es el dispositivo? Calcule la tasa de generación de
entropía. (Sgen=10,472 kJ/sK)

6) A un dispositivo adiabático entra nitrógeno a 100 kPa y 25°C y sale a 600 kPa y 290°C. Qué
equipo de proceso es el dispositivo? Cuál es la generación de entropía en este proceso? (Sgen=3,609
kJ/kmolK)
7) Carbon dioxide (CO2) enters a dispositive operating at steady state at 28 bar, 267°C, and 50 m/s.
At the dispositive exit, the conditions are 1.2 bar, 67°C, 580 m/s, respectively. Which process
equipment is this dispositive?. For a control volume enclosing the dispositive only, determine the heat
transfer, in kJ, and the change in specific entropy, in kJ/K, each per kg of carbon dioxide flowing
through the dispositive. What additional information would be required to evaluate the rate of entropy
production? Assume CO2 as ideal gas and Cp=0.839 kJ/kg-K (Q=0,85 kJ/kg;S=0,2072 kJ/Kkg)

8) The data listed below are claimed for a power cycle operating between reservoirs at 527°C and
27°C. For each case, determine if any principles of thermodynamics would be violated.
(a) QH = 700 kJ, Wcycle = 400 kJ, QC = 300 kJ.
(b) QH = 640 kJ, Wcycle = 400 kJ, QC = 240 kJ.
(c) QH = 640 kJ, Wcycle = 400 kJ, QC = 200 kJ.

9) Figure shows a system for collecting solar radiation and utilizing it for the production of electricity
by a power cycle. The solar collector receives solar radiation at the rate of 0.315 kW per m2 of area
and provides energy to a storage unit whose temperature remains constant at 220°C. The power
cycle receives energy by heat transfer from the storage unit, generates electricity at the rate 0.5 MW,
and discharges energy by heat transfer to the surroundings at 20°C. For operation at steady state
determine the minimum theoretical collector area required, in m2 (Amin = 3913,89 m2)

Tomado de: Moran M. and Shapiro H. Fundamentals of Engineering Thermodynamics. 5th Ed. John Wiley and Sons, Inc.

10) In a gas turbine (Figure) operating at steady state, air enters the compressor with a mass flow
rate of 5 kg/s at 0.95 bar and 22°C and exits at 5.7 bar. The air then passes through a heat exchanger
before entering the turbine at 1100 K, 5.7 bar. Air exits the turbine at 0.95 bar. The compressor and
turbine operate adiabatically and kinetic and potential energy effects can be ignored. Determine the
net power developed by the plant, in kW, if
(a) the compressor and turbine operate without internal irreversibilities. (R/ Wneto= 1228,03 kW)
(b) the compressor and turbine isentropic efficiencies are 82and 85%,respectively (R/ Wneto= 676,01
kW)
Air: Mw 28.84, Cp=(7/2)R

Tomado de: Moran M. and Shapiro H.

Fundamentals of Engineering Thermodynamics.
5th Ed. John Wiley and Sons, Inc.

11) Steam at 5 MPa and 600°C enters an insulated turbine operating at steady state and exits as
saturated vapor at 50 kPa. Kinetic and potential energy effects are negligible. Determine
(a) the work developed by the turbine, in kJ per kg of steam flowing through the turbine. (WTurb=
1021,7 kJ/kg)
(b) the isentropic turbine efficiency. (nisen.turb= 0,8965)

Bibliografía de la cual se tomó estos ejercicios:

CENGEL Y. y BOLES M. Termodinámica. ( 5, 6 , 7 o 8 edición). McGraw Hill.

KORETSKY Milo. Engineering and Chemical Thermodynamics. 2nd Edition. Wiley

MORAN M. AND SHAPIRO H. Fundamentals of Engineering Thermodynamics. 5th Ed. John Wiley
and Sons, Inc

ELLIOT R. LIRA C. Introductory Chemical Engineering Thermodynamics. 2nd ed. Prentice Hall