IN SEcEcTING.. AND SUgstITUTING COMPONENT: MOST o€ THE caMPONENTS..AT.RAOIO. SHACK..STORES. SAVE TIME. [Ano MAKE A LIST. Of WHAT You NEED. BEFORE You.visIT. RADIO. SHACK. (YOU.CAN FIND CURRENT... CATALOG NUMBERS IN THE |. ATEST. RADIO SHACK CATALOG.).IF A COMPONENT..1S UNAVAILABLE, rey ELSEWHERE. SomeTIMES YOU CAN SUBSTITUTE COMPONENTS. FoR ExAMme, is's OFTEN Ox ro _SuaSTITUTE._NPN. SWITCHING. ______|TRaws1stoRs_£OR one ANOTHER (2N3904 FoR 2N2222, ETC... NEAGEY VALUES o£ Resistaes AND. CAPACITORS CAN.OFTEN.BE Used. CA2K FoR 1K RESISTOR. 0.33 nF FOR 0.42 nF. CAPACITOR, Ex¢.). ALWAYS..FOLLOW APPROPRIATE VOLTAGE. AND..POWER. RATINGS! JOWHEN A cicuir DOESN'T work — MAKE..SURE THE CIRCUIT. 1S. RECEIVING ADEQUATE... POWER, LF IT 1S OR JE YOU SMELL OR. FEEL A HOT COMPONENT, IMMEDIATELY DISCONNECT THE POWER _ lanD. Follow. THEse sTees: CG) RECHECK ALL CONNECTIONS..Cis A. WIRE. MISSING? IS AN TC PIN BENT? IS A SOLDER. CONNESTION. BAD? 1s.A wie "Shorten"? is A olove.gackwarns?) @)iS A. COMPONENT... DEFECTIVE 7G) SOMETIMES, ESPECIALLY WHEN PoweR _ SUPPLYLEADS..ARE MORE THAN SIX. INCHES. LONG, TC ciReurts. WILL WORK. IMPROPERLY OR NOT AT ALL UNLESS You... CONNECT —_|B_O.4 pF CAPACITOR... ACROSS. THE POWER. suPpLY. PLAS. EACH cup, _IT__MAY... ALSO. SE NECESSARY To coNNEcT.A_. oe Liu7O 10 pF CAPACITOR. ACROSS THE POWER LEADS... WHERE THEY. _--JENTER THE BARD. G) does THE PUBLISHED CIRCUIT. CONTALN. AN ERROR? IO. SAFETY. FIRS: WHEN WORKING... WITH AC LINE POWERED. CIRCUITS... BE CAREFUL.. aa WHEN SOLDERING. CIRCUITS WITH SPEAKERS CAN PRODUCE... VERY. E _-|4OUD._ SOUNDS, KEEP. YOUR DISTANCE, AND Do: IN Goins. FuRTHER—= TRY EXPERIMENTING WITH. THE VALUES OF. COMPONENTS IN RC CIRCWITS CP.37). TRY SUBSTITUTING OTHER. __foorfur Dewees IN.CIRCUITS THAT DRWE A RELAY, PIEZQ su2ZER, ere, (RE SwRe 1D FOLLOW. VOLTAGE. AND. CURRENT RATINGS. USE AMS LAW AND, If NECESSARY, ADD A SERIES RESISTOR. TD.. REDUCE CURRENT.) BEFORE BUILOING.A PERMANENT. VERSION OF A CIRCUIT, — ALWAYS ASSEMBLE AND TEST A. @READBOARD VERSION, FINALCY,. BE SURE _vo_BUY RADIO. _SHACK'S CURRENT “SEMICONOVCTDR REFERENCE — Guipe” AND " ENGINEER'S NOTEROOK." FOR__MORE ADVANCED erreur s AND IN FORMATION. ABOUT_NEW. DEVELOPMENTS, READ__MY. ICoLUMN (“THE ELECTRONICS SCIENTIST”) IN COMPUTERS £_ ELECTRONICS.DIODES. MUST...KAVE. ADEQUATE. Power. RATING (P2.Vx.T), DIODE (s) AND Ri MUST.HAVE __ Pee ADEQUATE PowER. tt aH Hd oe i — RATING. Du aaa a (See P.103). a> NaC nt 0.6.¥) unset FANndai4, + = ae —_Loap___ EXAMPLES. atte ae ~-}ONE...OR.__MORE SILICON. .DIODES. £Rx). — {CAN REGULATE A VOLTAGE = Gv. Sv —LN_0.6 VOLT STEPS. See eee POWER SuPeLY TCOPTIONAL) —{foa_ Low. alee Csurcaimeosed Ac AT Vous), US2_LA (VALUE go "Ci. foKk 1D ADD ONE oR MORE CAPACITORS. (Cn) —-fIN-PARALLEL WITH C1_fo2 MORE _CAPACITANGE..). CAPACITORS ——{MUST.HAUE.A_DC WORKING VOLTAGE... Cwvoc) OF AT LEAST. 12 VOLTS. RECTIFIER BRIDGE &1. MOST HAVE PEAK INVERSE VOLTAGE _C PLV)_OF AT LEAST 12 VolTS. T1_AND 81. MusT HAVE JADE QUATE POWER... ANO._CURRENT RATINGS...CUSE OHMS. LAW..«) CAUTION: YOU...MUST.INSULATE OR ENCLOSE. ALL. EX POSED..AC_ {ONE “cONNecTioNs | THe POWER CORD... MUST BE. UNPLUGGED —WHEN.You ASSEMBLE OR SERVice THE ciRcuLT!— CONVENTIONAL “CASCADE | THESE _ciacuiTs APPROXIMATES MOLT AGE. THE OUTPUT._1S.. [pines RATED. FOR. | RIPPLE (Anna) CAN ge REOUCED VALUES. FoR. C1 AND 0 AN. INGO, A UIE. CAPACITORS. AND. ine INPUT VOLTAGE, our PUT. BY USING. LARGE. THE BRIDGE. douse... MORE EFELCIENT.... THAN THE Con VEN TONAL... .AND... CASCADE DoumERS...SINCE...Y= DIODE BRIDGE... RECTIFIERS. ARE = _-AVAILAGLE... IT'S. BASY. TD MAKE. __oureyt + Min) TRIPLES AND CONVERTS. T2_0G HEEESEECEECae ANINCOMIN. GAC. VOLTAGE. QUADRUPLES._ ANID. CONVERTS. 62, D1, D2_AND.D3. RATEO.AT. DC. AN INCOMING AC VOLTAGE. >2 Vis. _Ath..COMPONENTS.. RATED. AT 22 Viale ID cascape mueriPieR gy [App more staGes cor ‘NPT ¢ Mog MucTiecie ation, ALC Cu) IcoMPONENT:S RATED. AT. >2VineVOLTAGE._(Veur) TO A LOAD FROM _ UNREGULATED SUPPLY (LiKE Vin_CAN.VARY..BUT. MAXIMUM VALUE. I DoES Not CHANGE IE. Ty FALLS TD_O.MA, —-Since..L2 I, +Ie 4 Te Rises. AST FALLS.._IN OTHER WORDS THE. REGULATOR. _ALWAY' THE SAME CURRENT... MEN THE _LOAD_IS... REMOVED. 31 AND...R1 Must HAVE. PROPER. POWER. RATING. USE -OWM!s. LAW. Ce,.14),. T= MAXIMUM LOAD. CURRENT. _|Iz = MAXIMUM. ZENER. CURRENT. T_.=CURRENT THROUGH. RL | V2.2 ZENER DIOdE.VOLTAGE. Po = ZENER DIODE POWER EXAMPLE. +A RADIO. DRAWS. FROM. — [20-10 SO..MA.FROM.A.9 VOLT. BATTERY...TO... POWER ..IT_FROM.. —|A.12_VOLT. BATTERY... USE A MOLT, 1/2. WATT. ZENER. DIODE. _R1_SHOULD_BE_CLOSE._10. 60.2 AND RATED. FOR. AT LEAST.O.1S Wh —{OWAVE FORM. CLiPPER. cuirrEo. WAVE. Naw. Vout. -{-TBASc1RcurT 1S. HANDY... FOR. REDUCING AN INCOMING. SIGNAL VOLTAGE.TD. A -|LOWER, MORE... MANAGEABLE BOTH _RALVES..OF A —{LEVEL..AT.CAN. ALSO. CONVERT... INCOMING WAVE EQUALLY. —}A.-SINE...OR__TRIANGLE._ WAVE. -CE_V2# D1 2 D2)... Use. To - —|7D._AN_APPROXIMATION.OF.__ PROTECT. SPEAKERS AND PHONES i A.SQUARE WAVE. *R15_.SEeTRANSISTOR. CIRCUITS INTEGRATED CIRCUITS RECEIVE MORE ATTENTION, GUT. GorH____ IR\POLAR AND FIELD-EFFECT TRANSISTORS HAVE MANY APPLICATIONS. THIS... CiRCuaT. Wik, MEASURE Tt THE. _ THIS Cigcurt CLOSES A RELAY [MOISTURE LEVEL OF ..SolL__IM (@-49 V4 S00 onm coil) WHEN 1YOUR GARDEN... ADJusT_.R. =e MOISTURE LEVEW EXCEEDS A IMETER READING OF. 1 mA, WHEN. EVEL SET BY 22. REsAY JS. MOISTURE 1S... AT. DESIRED —SONTACTS THEN _SwiTcH ON EVEL. METER WILL. THEN INDICATE...A LIGHT oR OTHER DEVICE. LOWER MOISTURE LEVELS. CAN DeTEcT RAIN. OUGHT ElAsHeRwo CLOSE...S1 ANDTHE SPEAKER. EMITS._ATDNE THAT..RISES IN FREQUENCY ASC CHARGES). OPEN S4__AND..THE TONE _cALLS. IN_FRE QUENCY. CAS “ea DISCHARGES). CLOSE... OPEN. sea isaeeeeee HINT: CHANGE. R1.TO.. CHANGE __UP= DOWN. TIME. —|D Mish volTAGe Power SureLy. Liero+9v wis cigeuit pRopuces. 220. vot PULSES..OF DC. WHEN. POWERED. BY. A. 9- VOLT. BATTERY... 1T with. PRODUCE...UP.TR..170..YouTs._ FROM AFLASHLIGHT...ceLe..C.BuT__You. MAY... RAVE. 7D. EXPERIMENT. WITH —.C1*S..VALUE.. A BLACK CIRCUIT. WILG, a CAavTioN D0 ONE. OR _MORE._NEoM... Nor Touch | LAMPS. THROUGH....A : 1M. Ségies.REsis TOR. TRANS FORMER TL.CMAY...uM IN. Use) —|O Burecar ALARM = ALARM... SOUNOS... AND... STAYS..ON Cuntih PowER 1S. DISCONNECTED)..WHEN..MAGNET. SWATCH.5_OPENED..OR .WINDOW...EOIL IS. GROKEN...RLt SET TD MAXIMUM VALE... DISCONNECT. ONE._LEAD..TD SWITCHES /Foll... THEN REDUCE VALUE __ OF RI TO. TUST... PAST. POINT. WHERE... ALARM... SOUNDS... CIRCUIT. USES ONLY. O.3_MILUAMPERES.AT. VOLTS. eee RELAY: USE GV, S0O.2 unit WHEN SUPPLY. IS G-4 V. USE 42.V, 4200 0. ONIT_WHEN SUPPLY. 1S.12 VA NoTe + ASSEMGLE, INSTALC..ANO. +6 ro +12jJUNCTION FET CIRCUITS. Drouckswire SEE eee ~ OUT DOORS Si ae THIS... CIRCUIT DETECTS STATIC__ AWAY... FROM... POWER LINES ———---- | ELECTRICITY... FROM. A CHARGED GRIEFLY_“TDUGH. YON! CONTACTS. To OB.TECT CPLASTIC.COMB, ETC.)_OvER ACTUATE .RELAY....TOUCH _GoNTACT_ A foot. Away! AdTusT R14. ~2..ONLY...10... DEACTUATE RELAY. SO. METER INDICATES. MA. INDOORS: eee CHARGED. OBJECT NEAR. "ANTENNA. AYE NECESSARY TD INCCUDE —...__WILL_QE CREASE METER READING, OPTIONAL “OEE” ORCI OL Aue _M\xeR DELAY. TIME: aa an [UPTO LS MINUTES PIEZO BUZZER ALG SounsD). THEN SET S1 TO THIS...CIRCUIT. ALLOWS... Two_CoR TIME._BUZZER WILL GE SILENT MORE)... MICROPHONES...OR OTHER UNTIL. DELAY.1S COMPLETE. BUZZER DEVICES_7D__BE CONNECTED TR WILL THEN SOUND. INCREASE Ci THE_SAME._ AMPLIFIER. RI AND. OR. RL FOR. LONGER DELAYS. _R3___CONTROL__.ATTENUATION OF —{REDUCE.._R2s RESISTANCE DURING _EACH..\NQUT... THEREFORE Rt RESET MODE (SPEEDS UP RESET), AND R32. ARE. BALANCE CONTROS.{POWER MOSFET..CDMOS..VMOS., ETC). CIRCUITS ID LINEAR LIGHT DIMMER ae __JQi=-N=channer] “ft __ | PoweR MOSFET Lit 4-ey _DO_NOT_ Ra. —-LAMP. Exceed POWER ne RATING OF. AL. CHANGE. SETTING... OF__R2_TO. CHANGE. INTENSITY..oF LAMP, — - eee THIS... CIRCUIT... SHOWS... HOW. one WSE.TO__ AMPLIFY SIGNALS. AND. a POWER... MOSFET. CAN BE USED JONES...FROM OTHER CIRCUITS. AS_A_VARIABLE RESISTOR. RZ. CONTROLS..GAIN... VOLUME). DURATION... TIME. DELAY... CIRCUITS z ate AFTER "DELAY... “PIEZO BUZZER -1 Con. PoRTAgLE |S noo, sigur, ere). Si ©). DO. NOT. EXCEED Sy -POWER. RATING. —{fateison tof... USE SERIES. RESISTOR. AT.“x' 1D. REDUCE, LOSE.AND THEN OPEN S170 ——|ACTIVATE.8u22ER... AFTER. C1. DISCHARGES INTERNALLY. oR. —{THROUGH...R1. CoprionAd),.. Q1. —-SOUNDS._AETER. THE TIME. —-|TUANS OFF... AND. SILENCES..TRE..__DELAY. GuzzER. DELAYS... POSSIBLE...81 £22] —2n4aat UNI JUNCTION. TRANSISTOR CIRCUITS. EACH TIME. THE UIT CQt)_TURNS. {GLOWS .OIMLY. RZ. CONTROLS. [FLASH RATE. ANDCAN 8E_ ID Time BASE. Qt 2N4sas_ A MILAR Qi 2naat 22 ak OR. SIMILAR. _-1S_AN__ AUDIO. FREQUENCY. ISET.__FOR__ONE.__ELASA__PER. SECOND CTIME BASE ROLE) OR | SIMILAR FREQUENCY, $8062}. -39.88_H2_ 2986 _H2 ABH HZ }4343 Hz. “#4 704i12V Qt. awaear TRIS. CIRCUIT IS _IDENTICAL..N ION, THE. CHARGE ON. C1 IS. PRINCIPLE _TO_THE ADJACENT. buMeen" THROUGH THE. LED.. CIRCUIT. _C1__1S_ MUCK SMALLER _ THE LED. FLASHES. IN RESPONSE,..TO. SPEED UP THE _CHARGE- ISETWEEN. FLASHES... THE. LED. DISCHARGE CYCLE... THE RESULT. —TONE WHICH 1S EMITTED BY —THE...SPEAKER, THIS. CIRCUIT CAN..BE. EXPANDED Gsee BELOu). |CHANGE.Ci__TO__ALTER THE TABLE. SHOWS TYPICAL FREQUENCIES.jC RAMP GENERATOR. AS _A.RAMP (or SAWTOOTH! WAVE),....R3-CONTROLS._THE. RATE..AT... WHICH RAMPS. ARE.._PRODUCED. — eee 7 cs A ae SAN. out LL RAMPS. SUPPLY GRADUALLY. INCREASING. VOLTAGE...To. MANY...KINDS... OF CIRCUITS. THIS CIRCUIT. PRODUCES. A. REMARKABLE. VARIETY. OF. J sounps,.AS Shown, IT Re CHIRES" ATA RATE S100. DETERMINED. BY 83, Bz. EXPERIMENT WITH VALUES. —-OF_C1, R5AND ¢2_FOR _-_MANY__OTHER.._ EFFECTS. ai, a2: anasat JO. VOLTAGE. SENSITIVE. OSCULATOR —_ ¥#V (6 +a eee WHEN. VinIS. BELOW. V20F Di... SELECT..V2_OF __D1_FOR 00. SDE SIRED. TURN-OFF LEVEL B2__. TAIS.CIRCUIT CAN BE USED -TO..INDICATE WHEN VOLTAGE OF A BATTERY CWHICH..CAN BE POWERING ANOTHER CIRcuIT) FALLS. BELOW. .A_ CERTAIN... LEVEL, THIS _1S_AN.EXCELLENT. EXAMPLE OF A SIMPLE, YET SOPMISTLCATED, CIRCUIT.THYRISTOR... CIRCUITS _ SILICON CONTROLLED. RECTIFIERS. MANY... APPUCATION SAS. SCR CIRCUITS ANO_ TRIACS HAVE SOLID-STATE .SWITCHES. ~SL1S_" SPRING. RETURN To _—— CENTER..OFF S1= NORMALLY. SWATCH Orpen St=NoRMALLY cLoseD ae Close. S41. TO _TURN..ON. THE. S115 AN SPOT SwaTcH. J won f SCR AND SUPPLY. CURRENT. __TRE_"OM" POSITION, THE. SCR. TD.THE LOAD... THE S¢Rwite 1S. TURNED..ON. AND. THE. REMAIN ON. AFTER S2.1S LAMP...cLOWS....IN. THE “OF EY. OPENED... UNLESS. THE._LOAD. POSITION, CURRENT.IS.... IS_A.0¢ MoroRoRunTib SHUNTED. AWAY._FROM.... SER. S218 BRIEFLY. opened. TAUSTURNING _IT.OFF OCApacitorR OISCHARGE LED FLASHER aoe *4oV WHEN... THE SCR. 1S. TURNED.ON...BY AL aa __ PULSE. FROM. UST.@4,_. THE... CHARGE...IN. C118, RAPIDLY." DUMPED" THROUGH As. THE._.LED._THE_sc@__. 62. CAND__LED) THEN. TURNS. OFF SINCE THERE 15 NO LONGER SUFFICIENT _ ——— aa HOLDING. CURRENT. THE RA CONTROLS RATE. CYCLE THEN REPEATS,A bok Snot Glow WAEN S11S OPEN. —|gaux. : : revacs. ARE DESIGNED SPECIFICALLY FOR AC OPERATION. IGE _SURE._TO OBSERVE COMMON SENSE SAFETY WHEN LINE. SURRENT | _MAKE Sure. SUCATED. OR ENCLOSED. THE...UTT OSCILLATOR. SWITCHES | JON THE TRIAC, AND THUS THIS_1S__HOW. MANY. HOUSE Heep IMMER SWITCHES ARE MADE. At Ld CAN. BE UP TD 100_ WATT a vn (ARO. VOLT) LAMP. USE HEAT _ 4 SINK ON TRIAC IF IT BECOME: -4——HoT._TAE Dac 1s A {BIDIRECTIONAL TRIGGER DIODE. | j---- CAUTION: THIS CIRCUIT MUST. BE FULLY ENCLOSEDAT ALL TIMES. -WHEN. POWER 1S APPLIED!— Tee Vin=Wieo t 0.6) | ___ agen, IPHOTONAC... CIRCUITS. Iciecurrs— [Most LIGH: A_ SERIES... RESISTOR Must BE USED_10 LIMIT..CURRENT. —THROUGH.AN LED. (EXCEPTIONS : CERTAIN. pw PULSE CIRCUITS. AND Te_LED DRIVERS.) +V Tiss, VARIABLE SRIGHTNESS LEO 4 USING. PHOTONIC COMPONENTS. ARE AMONG THI VERSATILE AND INTERESTING OF..ALL. CIRCUITS. FORWARD. Rs = $V = Cues) aE EXAMPLE. ASSUME.YOU_.WANT TO.OPERATE...A_ RED LEO AT A CURRENT..CTigo).OF COR..0.0L AMPERE) AL 5 VOLT. supply, DATA SHEET...FOR.THE LED. AN..LED. VOLTAGE 1.1_VOLTS. THER! FORE... Re 1S (5-17) 4.01 on. 320__OMMS._ aa Lists (Nueo)....0F ADSUST..R1_TO..ALTER. CURRENT THROUGH THE LED, THs Ri+ee Zuo NARYING.ITS BRIGHTNESS. Re MUST. BE useD (See. ABove). 7 ID _PoLaRiTy..INDICATOR oe sess THIS.CIRCUIT.INDICATES THE. POLARITY...OF A. VOLTAGE. Rs. MUST... BE USED.CSEE.. ABOVE). Wy [ten | + T= Tact e (1D. UNKNOWN t on | ore | oN POLARITY.) 2} ofr. ow |. ON CL_TRI STATE POLARITY INDICATOR — THIS..1S...A.MORECouoR FUL. eee VERSION OF THE CIRCUIT ABOVE. [vw coLoR ca é RED. = GREEN Acc) YELLOW Leos * WHEN TWO-cHIP LED USED.JO. DUAL. LED FLASHER THIS cIRCUIT.1S CALLED A FREE > RUNNING. MUCTIVIER ATOR. (T)s__IDENTICAL.TD_AFCIP= ELOP.THAT...TRIGGER.S._ITSELE. RE PEATE DLY.. Q1.AND_.Q2 ARE GENERAL. CURPOSE PNP. RANSISTORS..C2N 3906.,.2N2907, Ri ANDO 82 Lumar. a THE CURRENT TD.THE..LEDs_ Cwiicn FLASH ACTERNATELY). —INCREASANG.THEVALUES..OF CALWAND C2 wit SLow THE FLASA.RATE. AN EACH. cIRCWIT THE LEDCs)__ GLOWS._WHEN..V+_ REACHES. THE. BREAKOOWN...VOLTAGE_ (Vz).O8 ITS..ZENER+ Veep. BE. SURE...TD...USE.INOLVIDUAL. RsFOR. EACH LED. (See ACING.. PAGE.) TRE.CIRCUIT. GRAPH. READOUT WHEN. |, ZENERS..WITH PROGRESSIVELY. LEDL HIGHER...V2.ARE__USED.._ ~CONNECT..ZENERS_IN SERIES FOR..WIGHER..TOTAL.V2.. —JQFcCASHER LED + RELAY. THE. ELASHER..LED INCLUDES. A. SDUT=IN..I¢ THAT. FLASHES THE. LED SEVERAL TIMES. .EACH _ SECOND.THIS.. CIRCUIT... SHOWS. How. To."TAP" THIS_FLASH. RATE CVAB..Q4) To EORM.O AN. ULTRAT S\MPLE PULSE GENERATOR THAT ACTUATES..A..RELAY AND, IN TURN, ALLAMP..D4_.1S NEEDED..To. __KEEP_THE VOLTAGE. To. THE _FLASHER_LED NEAR S_voLTs. 113 RL | on 100k Anand CApsvst. Ren 7 CofA ELA SHES ee ee eee oDSe a eT ~CLRCUITS OLiGHt METER cigcuiTs 4, PhoTORESistoR 2. Sovaa ceil Shee {+ ees HH J eterna peer COR PHOTODIODE OR PHOTOREs\sTOR RLis SENSITIVITY = ee spams Ef STER THAN PkoTo= RELAY REMAINS ACTUATED FOR _RESisTOR CiRculT. NO DELAY ISRIEE TIME. AGTER Licht. REMOVED. WHEN LIGHT 15 REMOUED. RELAY 1S_-ACTUATES THE PHOTORESISTOR 18 WHEN DARK. _LIGHT.ON_Q1_ OE AcTUATES.. RELAY.(Aupigle LIGHT PRORE —----O. SOLAR CELL BATTERY CHARGER SONNECT Leads ro ceus BY FIRST. MELTING SoLpe@ ON CELL CONTACTS AND WIRE LEADS. Thue ITALS....1S...AMONG....THE.....MDST.. JENTERTAINING....CIRCUITS...1N TALS. Ecok.._ VARIOUS...PNE. AND NPN. NICADS... CURRENT. ROM SOLAR. _—|TRANSIS.TORS...CAN_BE_USED FoR CELLS. MUST..NoT. EXcEED MAXIMUM. ——1Q1_AND_.Q2,. THE TONE FROM CHARGING. RATE FoR NICADS! you. —_THE_SPEAKER INCREASES _IN_CAN MONITOR. cuRRENT £8) FREQUENCY AS. TAE. INTENSITY. CONNECTING MULTIMETER BETWEEN (PF LIGHT..OM. THE PHOTO RESISTOR _NICADS AND D4. INSERT._segies INCREASES. VERY SENsitive! RESISTOR. Oo REMOVE SOLAR CELL {ERY THIS... OPERATE..CIRCUIT..IN.A_TD. REDUCE CURRENT.._D1 Keeps DARK... ROOM....UNTIL...TONE..SLOWS.....NICADS...EROM. DISCHARGING ~~ ff0_.ASERIES..OFCLICKS...THEN._ THROUGH. SOLAR CELLS CWHEN SHINE. SEAM..FROM...FLASHKIGHT..ON..... DARK)... SOLAR CELLS ARE FRAGUE. TRE. PHOTORESIS TOR 6c nS OLDER.AND..MOUNT. WITH CARE. EL CiGHT AcTUATED LATCHING Cc.PTTL CIRCUITS NO. CHANGE WHEN €. OPERATING REQUIREMENTS. LL. PowER SUPPLY MUST Nor EXCEED. 5.25 vouts. SEE PAGE 125 OR vse: 4 inteor ce Vout = J LME. DiGitAL 1Cs_ARe _veey Easy 1 oF. TTL AND. cmos _ gy THe ——|74 90. THE 7448. CONVERTS THE ____COMMoN_, BcD__ OUTPUT FROM. THE.2490.__ CATHODE. JINTO...2-SEGMENT...DIGITS..ON_AN, LED.DISPLBY..ADTUST 21 AND CL ___ DISPLAY. FOR.DESIRED. PULSE RATE..TO_ {ADD ADDITIONAL DIGIT. THIS BAsiC._cigcur WiLL SOUNT PULSES. FROM _OTHER..ciRevits, ELIMINATE 555. |___ano apeiy 9uLses mn CS_MOLTS MAXIMUM), 1R_1440. PIVIDES. INCOMING "TRAIN" of DIIDES. INCOMING. |PULses. oF. BY_5.OK...1D__ USE PULSES BY 10, OK 7D USE [JATIN PUT OF ciRCUIT. MEOVE, AT INPUT of CIRCUIT ABOVE.HA See | Fe CUT eee cece (OPERATING REQUIREMENTS i.e Positive POWER To A 4. PLACE cMos TCs PINS Down {CMOS CHIP _(Voo)_CAN. RANGE FROM.__ON_AN ALUMINUM Fol SHEET og #3 tosis (oR+i8) VOLTS. USE TRAY. WHEN THEY ARE MoT IN A POWER. SUPPLIES ON PAGE 125, Gi\RCUIT OR PROPERLY STORED, BATTERY. (BEST) 3 ‘ NoNConducTive pLasTic "Snow," Moo ——TRAYS.,8AGS.0R FOAM. PLUG THEM IN CONDUCTIVE FOAM og ;_MUST NOT EXCEED.Voo.— IS. Abe -UNUSED_INgUTS MUST Go fr. Voo08 ono CF zi M..NEVER..APPLY AN INPUT SIGNAL TO_ —-{AN__UNPOWERED CMOS. CIRCUIT, ID Bounce cess _ TDUCH._SWiTCH. _—|---200k....22m. YB. LEDs LAs ALTERNATELY. AT. HZ.Fa ia anee2z, {SENDS TDNE To_.NEARRY RADIO. ecco —-fTUNE.Ra010_AND /OR C1 TO HEAR VALUES SHOWN Give 1,3 KZ. ONE. USE INSULATED Tool ro TONE. Cf AND 22 conTROL [TUNE C1. ¢2 cOmTROLS TONE.__-TDNE_ ERE QUENCY. 23 CONTROLS. FREQUENCY. Use 1-2. 415A NON: DIGITAL ROLE DIGITAL GATE.(ELECTRON COIN _TOSSER RESS_S1__ MOMENTARILY. HyPicaL TEST RESULTS: pk [TRIAL | HEADS | TAILS} |. 1 23 eae ae : 2.| 25 2s. NUMBER GENERATOR ca _-LED__READOUT._ARRAY re stg de 2 to |p de leds INCREASE C4 fro 4.2 ME i AND... LEAVE IS1... CLOSED... [MAKE SEQUENTIAL. FLASHER. TF fs CLOSE... 51. AND. ALC LEDS...WILL..| - GLOM... DML. OPEN.S.1_. AND. RANDOMLY... SELECTED...LE0_ wit. GLOW... I 1-0F-4 SEQvEeNceR Use t0_actuare *AV RELAYS ETC...MODEL RAILROAD_.CROSSING.. les ecAsh ALTERNATELY WHEN TRAIN ——Qi_OR_O2.. LEDS. CONTINUE. FLASHING (1AND.Q2_ FROM ROOM LIGATS..wiTH._1" (\ PROGRAMMABLE..GAIN OPERATIONAL FLASHER LIGHTS Q1,Q2..NPN —PhoTorRANsIsTOR [a 03: Power maser. -CoE Je diz: Any SMALL Ses \o2 LAMP (oR use 240K -ANERARED_ JF AND SERies RESISTOR) LEDs BREAKS LIGHT BEAM. TO. EJTHER UNTIL TRAIN... PASSES,.SHIELD. HEAT SHRINK. TUBING. -AMPLIELER FOR DETAILS see “THE FORREST MIMS CIRCUIT ScRAPECOK" Cop, 24-23), [MANUAL cowzRoc? CONNECT... EACH. SPOT A SWATCH. 2..Noo..AND. A. 4.1.K. RESISTOR 10..| GROUND, Mins. eon pea e COMTROL DCB. F y, == Vy(Re/ Run) Your ar oan APPLY... CONTROL. SIGNALS. DCBAINPYTS.TD. ALTER Rig. Oo04 10 1111. VARIES. Bin FROM.R.TO_R/LS. TYPICAL R,Re. = 10K. AT. “ALL OUTPUTS..Go_tow, THEN... AGH, IN SEQUENCE Cur Diae Bees Bone £TE),. USE_WiTA LEDs. FOR EYE= CATCHING. 015 PLAY. FOR “BUCKET. =. BRIGADE" -OPERATION,..CONNECT...PIN. SOF. FIRST. 4018 7O_PIW. 13 (wot 12) OF SECOND 4013. f21_LINEAR TC CIRCHITS YOU CAN... MAKE AN AMAZING VARIETY OF CIRCUITS WITH LINEAR...TCs. WERE ARE A FEW OF THE MANY. POSSIBWITIES S RADIO, ETC. TRY. ALSO. WITH. CIRCUITS. SEVERAL. SIMULTANEOUS INPUTS. USE WITH AUDIO. AMOLIEIER ABOVE. ID. LightWave Voce TRANSMITTER” MICAS CRYSTAL. loR. ececTRer™ MICROPHONE. JLED.AS INFRARED ; MIC TYPE. Use Lens! _ Ito. Focus. cicT -6"6) ~—}EROM_LED_ asst: [NARROW BEAM, tO. TeST.,.. PLACE. [RADIO EARPHONE EAR. MICROPHONE. JADTusT 1 AND [Re FOR. BEST _ RECEWER. SOUND, —— *rep. -ApIust FoR 8EST__Sovnp__ QUALITY. Aegean o Ese EPOINT...WHERE OSCILLATION. --STOPS.... CLOSE St. ADTUST.R2,_. R3.ANO_R4_AND TRY AGAIN. IN TUME.YOU'LL HAVE AN. ELECTRONIC. BELL, DRUM, BONGo, ETc. +9V. ae © ca 306 S51 .e. TAs. L006. ee PHOTORES BL nsnsaanann ea — SPR. FIAKE. TIS CIRCUIT AND A FLASHLIGHT. INTO. A DARK. ROOM... —|DLLIGMTWAVE COMMUNICATIONS RECEWER WILL... DETECT. voice, OR TONE MODULATED AGHT_BEAM. USE. LENS. FOR..MORE RANGE... KEEP. DETECTOR... AWAY. FROM. SUNLIGHT. ADTUST...RATO_TUST___[COMPARATOR CIRCUITS I). VOLTAGE MONITOR O, THE LED Glows. THE LED. ee SWITcHES OFF WHEN THE INpuT ___@U22ER__SOUNDS WHEN LIGHT... VOLTAGE RISES TO A LEVEL _ FALLS. TD LEVEL. DETERMINED... DETERMINED BY Ri. EXCHANGE 82. REVERSE...CONNECTIONS...TO.... CONNECTIONS...To.PINS..2 AND 3.__PINS.2_AND_..3.TD.__S.OUND. TONE. TO... REVERSE. OPERATING MODE, WHEN LIGHT__JNCREASES. lDeagcracn volTAGE INDICATOR..O"WINDOW! comeARATOR SET_R1 TO. CENTER. POSITION. _-TURN._OFE_LIGHTS AND ROTATE. Scere 23._JUSTCAST.POINT WHERE. KOTO MSE ED 2 Ghouls. ciRCuIT with THEN RESPOND. LIKE THIS. RL RB_CONTROL. RESPONSE) JjLEDs Glow IN SEQUENCE AS AMOUT VOLTAGE. RISES RA LED 1 = LED:\UTPUT LINE POweRED SUPPLY SRIDGE RECTIFIER ius (ste Seow) | THIS ASIC SUPPLY. wILl DELIVER UPTO. 1.5 AMPERES.AT THE RATED ourTPUT. ABIL SAR MOUTS ean fe PREPERLY HEAT SUNK. You..MusT. {USE A TRANSFORMER. RATED. AT. THE aa BIS. AS... MocTs.. PROPER. VOLTAGE _AND_CURRENT.THE. eee — REGULATOR Witt "SHUTDOWN" IF THE CHIP. QB) weat. sink BECOMES. OVERMEATED....FOR REST RESULTS ___, TAB. s JAPPLY SILICONE COMPOUND BETWEEN TAB. LPB xx, isbeantaia JAND HEAT SINK. ALL CONNECTIONS. oer [TO THE AC.LINE..MUsT BE INSULATED. 220M. joR__ENCLOseD! ae 3.2. GROUND... IVARIAELE.ouTPUT POWER SUPPLY. | CAUTION: AC LINE Beate OPERATED CIRCUITS, INSULATE oR ENCLOSE. CONNECTIONS (See BeLow) HISADIUSTABLE SUPPLY WILE DELIVER, SITkY FROM. _.1.2...TO.B2VOUTS..AT UPTO. : ——-}1-5_-AMPERES. 84 conTROLS our (le Vour-—-D0ES_NOT...G0..TD_1.2veur. MINIMUM, 81. MAY. NOT BE ABLE TO. JACHIEVE SUEFICIENTLY. LOW. RESISTANCE.) TL SHOULD. HAVE 25__yorT COR HIGHER) SECONDARY.AND. BE RATED. FOR 2. MPERES. RR. MORE. - AQT_ouT z 125 INID Basic TIMER WILL. BE... ACTUATED. IW) UNTIL. CYCLES, RESPOND..TO.. Logic +5 TO 4S V I PULse GENERATOR F4Vpto2: imate PRESS..S1.. MOMENTARILY...TO.... START... TIMING .CYCLE.. RELAY. C Puce. COMPLETE. RL _AND..C1... CONTROL... LENGTH OF. TIME... OELAY..... USE... VERY. LARGE... VALUE... FOR. C1. TO. GET. LONG._DELAYS... CLRCUIT.... WILL, PULSES., TOO. RL CONTROLS. FREQUENCY. DITO gursT__ GENERATOR Sei {i PRESS. S1._AND. THE SPEAKER EMITS..A TONE. RELEASE. St AND..TAR..TONE.. CONTINUES... FOR... SEVERAL. SECONDS....02 ANO..RY... CONTROL... DELAY...C4 CONTROLS... FREQUENCY.....C.USE. ISSS..ONLY... SSS USES...TOO MUCH... CORRENT..). - “DLLED TONE TRANSMITTER av RB 470 cep VALUES... SHOWN GAVE... PULSE. RATE,.6OO.H2. Ri ANO C4 CONTROL RATE. LIGHT WAVE. SEN ees 2 FeCl ese se saan eotaeRiAND.C3 ContrRar JONE FREQUENCY WHEN S118 un POSITION ILS THE SPEAKER _EMITS_A ~~~ PHOTORESISTOR.. WHEN. S115 1 | Position 'p," THE _--SPEAKER.EMITS_A ONE WHEN. mE, _|___PAoTOREsIs TOR 15 NST ALLUMIN ATED. a8 < PIEZO. BUZZER --RRAND CL CONTROL SYCLE_TIME, 12.270 MAE. ~——WHEN POWER 15. APPLIED, THE. : -—--- SSS__ENTERS_A__ TIMING CYCLE. a : | uses st LO SED... BEFORE THE_CYCLE ENDS, THE PIEZO —~-BUZZER__SOUNDS.THE.. CYCLE AN 86 RESET ANYTIME 4 BY LLOSING...SL__NOTES S14 ———L=rone_6uesT__l_n_cAnN ge REplACED By A. —|—-2= STEAYTeNe _MMNONANHNNNN _SIGNAL_£0M AN EXTERNAL 127 TONE_WHEN LIGHT. ALWUMIN ATES. THE.A ALTERNATING CURRENT, 18,26 ATOM, & BATTERY, 17,44 BINARY, 81,89 BIPOLAR, 48, S1,104-105. CAPACITOR, 22-25, 26-27 CIRCUIT, .20-21,.82,.90.. CMOS,.91,118-121 COIL, 38734. oo COMBINATION AL, 86787,,.90._. COMPARATOR,.93,.124. Conpuctor,.12,.43. _-CURRENT,.9,13,14, 4S, 59, 47 DETECTOR, 20-22 DIFFERENTIATOR, 37 DIGITAL, 74, 80,83, 91,116=121 DIODE, 44=47,,.78,.82510: DIRECT... CURRENT, 14,36. ELECTROMAGNET,.15.. ELECTROMAGNETIC. SPECTRU. ELECTRON, 8:9, 42-4362, bby.70. ELECTROSCOPE, 11-12. F rie.-ecrect, 52-5, 2. FLIP-FLOP, 88-89, 24,116 Gcare,.s0, 82-87. i" -GROUND,.21 IC E INSULATOR, 12,48... INTEGRATED. CIRCUIT, 78-95... INTEGRATOR ,.32... INVERSE. SQUARE LAW, 65. JON,.8 JUNCTION. FET.,52-53,.Sb,100_ LASER, 2. LENS,.O5,.122,123.. LIGHT, 62, 3, 66-68, 27,111,104, LG HT_EMITTING. DIODE, Mle, Gle=k9, LINEAR. C4), 28,.92,,95— IM Maewericsieun, 13 METER 13,25, 114 MICROPRONE. 22 MOSFET, SH=SS,. 56,102 _ MULTIMETER,.14 INC worse, 22-28— -NUCLEUS,.8. 128... ST. INDEX. AMPLIFIER, 92-92,,.95,107,119122 Me 122... O_oum's aw, 14,103 OPERATIONAL. AMPLIFIER, 23), __OPTICAL COMPONENTS, lo z OPTICAL SPECTRUM, 63. wo POPARALLEL 20721,31435,-68,.27. PHOTODIODE, 72-73. PHOTON, 62), 64520,72,.74, Te _-PHOTORESISTOR, 70-71, 1142115124 _PHOTOTHYRISTOR, 26,415 -PHOTOTRANSISTOR,74°75,4.114, 221,123 PN TUNCTION 4H, i, 204.22. POWER, 14, 116,125, PROTON, 8 PULSE. 220-23,.119, 126 R_recigcurts, 27,24, 100. RELAY, 28.75, 114,115 RESISTANCE, 14 RESISTOR, 28-31,.69,28. SAFETY, 19,35,98,100,111,125. SCR, 58-S9,.110 SERIES, 20-21,34, 35,69, 27 _-SEMMCONDUCTOR , 42-43, 42-63,.447 SEQUENTIAL, 88740 SIGNAL, 22223 eo SMACON, 42-4872. SINE. WAVE, 18 SOLAR CELL, 122115, SOLDER, 98, SOLENOID, 15 SPEAKER, 27 STATIC ELECTRICITY.,.10,104, 128. wow SWATCH CES), 25,26,.58,.B0, — TT iaweemoevecraic 17 THYRISTOR, 58 =61, 110-111 TIMER, 93,.100> 107,117, 12 TRANSFORMER, 40-44. ~ TRANS) STOR, 48=59,74=75,78 83,104 LATRIAC, 6O~64, 111 TT by Qh 14-17 UNIZUNCTION, 57, 108-109. NOLTAGE, 14,4548. ny MOLTAGE. REGULATOR, 95,103, 125 _ _W_wavecs), 22-28 _WIRE,.24 WIRE =wWRAP, 97. 2 . 112.