3 Grammar reference

& practice Spanish

Grammar reference • Starter unit

Time expressions Verbos regulares acabados en vocal + consonante, se

duplica la consonante y se añade -ed.
USO travel ➞ travelled
Utilizamos at con las horas del reloj y para hablar del Verbos regulares acabados en consonante + -y, la -y
fin de semana y la noche. desaparece y añadimos -ied.
at (about) seven o’clock study ➞ studied
at the weekend / at night
Utilizamos on con los días de la semana y con los Irregular verbs
plurales para acciones que se repiten. Los verbos irregulares tienen sus propias formas de past
School starts on Thursday. simple. Hay que aprenderlas para cada verbo nuevo.
On Mondays I play football. Consulta la lista de verbos irregulares de la página 136.
Utilizamos in para hablar de una parte del día.
in the morning USO
Utilizamos el past simple de los verbos regulares e
No utilizamos preposiciones delante de once ni every.
irregulares para describir o preguntar sobre acciones
once or twice a day / every Saturday
que se completaron en un momento determinado del
Present simple and present pasado.
We saw the film yesterday. Did you like it?
continuous
Utilizamos el past simple cuando sabemos cuándo
USO ocurrió la acción.
El present continuous se utiliza para hablar de acciones We saw the film on Wednesday. We didn’t see it on
que están sucediendo ahora o para hablar del futuro Thursday.
inmediato.
He’s listening to the teacher now. Object and subject questions
I’m having lunch with Tim today. En las preguntas de objeto, los pronombres
El present simple describe rutinas o acciones que se interrogativos what, who, etc. hacen referencia a la
repiten. persona o cosa que recibe la acción o es el objeto del
She hugs her dad every morning. verbo.
Nota: algunos verbos no se utilizan en el present ‘What did you drink?’ ‘I drank apple juice.’
continuous, p. ej. believe, belong, hate, imagine, know, ‘Where did you go?’ ‘I went to the museum.’
like, love, want. Construimos las preguntas objeto con un verbo auxiliar
I love your new smartphone. + el verbo principal en infinitivo.
Who did you call ?
Past simple
pronombre verbo sujeto verbo
Interrogativa Afirmativa Negativa interrogativo auxiliar principal en
Did I play? I played. I didn’t play. (= objeto) infinitivo
Did you play? You played. You didn’t play. En las preguntas de sujeto, los pronombres interrogativos
Did he / she / it He / She / It He / She / It what, who, etc. hacen referencia a la persona o cosa que
play? played. didn’t play. hace la acción o es el sujeto del verbo.
Did we / you / We / You / They We / You / They ‘Who phoned you?’ ‘Carl phoned me.’
they play? played. didn’t play. ‘What caused the accident?’ ‘The icy weather caused it.’
Construimos las preguntas de sujeto con un pronombre
interrogativo y el verbo principal. La estructura es la
Regular verbs misma que la de las frases afirmativas. En las preguntas
Mayoría de verbos regulares, se añade -ed.
de sujeto no utilizamos verbos auxiliares.
film ➞ filmed
Verbos acabados en -e, se añade -d. Who painted the Mona Lisa ?
smile ➞ smiled pronombre verbo objeto
interrogativo principal (sin
(= subjeto) verbo auxiliar)
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Grammar practice • Starter unit

Time expressions 4 Rewrite the sentences and questions using the past
simple.
1 Complete the sentences with the words in the
box. You can use some words more than once. I’m on holiday.
I was on holiday.
at every in on once 1 ‘Are they students?’ ‘No, they aren’t.’
We finish school at 4.00 in the afternoon.
2 She’s not at home.
1 They play football Saturdays.
2 Do you have breakfast day? 3 ‘Is Caleb an actor?’ ‘No, he isn’t.’
3 I can’t sleep very well night.
4 On weekdays, we wake up 6.45. 4 They aren’t friends.
5 She reads the evening.
6 I try to go swimming a week. 5 Clara is surprised to see us.
7 We go shopping the weekend.
8 Sunday, we visit our grandparents. 6 ‘Are you late?’ ‘Yes, I am.’

Present simple and present

continuous Object and subject questions
2 Write sentences and questions using the 5 Read the pairs of questions and decide which one
present simple or present continuous. is an object question and which one is a subject
Ian / usually / have / cereal for breakfast question. Then match the questions with the
Ian usually has cereal for breakfast. answers.
1 you / enjoy / this film ? Yes, / I Who saw Peter? subject b
Who did Clare see? object a
2 we / not like / Indian food a Peter.
b Clare.
3 who / he / visit / today ? 1 What did Jay give you?
Who gave you this pen?
4 Sara / have / a dog ? No, / she a This pen.
b Jay.
5 what / you / do / now ? I / leave 2 Where does Diana live?
Who lives next door?
6 Jorge / not do / much this week a Diana.
b Next door.
7 we / not often watch / French films 3 What happened?
Where did they visit?
8 she / usually study / at the library a They went out.
b The museum.
4 Who bought two hats?
Past simple How many hats did Jo buy?
3 Choose the correct words to make sentences in a Two.
the past simple. b Jo.
5 What did Sam see?
Where is / was / did he born?
Who saw a film?
1 ‘Did you have fun?’ ‘Yes, I did / had / was.’ a A film.
2 Maya felt / fell / fallen and hurt her leg. b Sam.
3 He saw / Did he seen / Did he see you?
4 Shane wrote / written / write six emails.
5 We were / went / been to Paris last week.
6 Where they were / was they / were they ?
7 Did you began / begun / begin your work?
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Grammar reference • Unit 1

used to Past continuous vs past simple

Interrogativa Afirmativa Negativa USO
Did you / he / Yes, I / he / she / No, I / he / she / Utilizamos el past simple para describir acciones que
she / it use to it used to live in it didn’t use to se completaron en un momento determinado del
live in the USA? the USA. live in the USA. pasado.
I went to a concert last Friday.
USO I sent you a text message yesterday.
Utilizamos used to + infinitivo cuando hablamos de Utilizamos el past continuous para describir acciones
una costumbre o estado del pasado que ha cambiado. que se estaban produciendo en un momento
Used to tiene una única forma para todas las personas. determinado del pasado.
My aunt used to work in an office. What were you doing at nine o’clock?
We used to live by the beach. I was watching a sports programme.
La forma negativa es didn’t use to + infinitivo. I wasn't sleeping.
She didn’t use to have long hair. Utilizamos el past continuous y el past simple juntos
They didn't use to like tennis. cuando una acción interrumpe otra. El past continuous
La forma interrogativa es Did ... use to. En las preguntas describe la acción más larga, y el past simple, la acción
de used to no mencionamos momentos en concreto. breve que la interrumpió. Solemos colocar while
Did he use to wear glasses? delante del past continuous, y when delante del past
NO Did he use to wear glasses last year? simple.
While I was watching the new quiz show, my sister
Past continuous turned off the TV.
I was listening to music when you arrived.
Interrogativa Afirmativa Negativa
Was I walking? I was walking. I wasn’t walking. so and such
Were you You were You weren’t USO
walking? walking. walking. Utilizamos so o such para enfatizar una opinión.
Was he / she / it He / She / It was He / She / It’s so cheap.
walking? walking. It wasn’t walking. That is such a cool T-shirt.
Were we / you / We / You / They We / You / They Utilizamos so + adjetivo.
they walking? were walking. weren’t walking. The shop was so busy.
Utilizamos such + adjetivo + sustantivo.
USO Those are such nice trousers.
Utilizamos el past continuous para describir acciones
que se estaban produciendo en un momento
determinado del pasado.
They were filming for three weeks.
My brother was working abroad.

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Grammar practice • Unit 1
used to
1 Order the words to make sentences and
questions using used to. There is one word that
you don’t need.
used / lived / she / here / to / live
She used to live here.
1 didn’t / to / they / English / used / speak / use
2 he / to / that school / did / go / to / was / use ?
3 use / to / my / used / badminton / cousin / play
4 use / eat / to / don’t / we / Japanese food / didn’t
5 you / use / study / did / to / Italian / used ?
6 my friends / used / I / email / to / emailed / a lot
2 Tick (f) the four sentences that describe
past habits or states. Then rewrite the four
sentences using used to.
We lived in this flat. ✓
We used to live in this flat.
1 I loved this singer.
2 We didn’t come here often.
3 When did your brother leave school?
4 My dad worked at that company.
5 I met my best friend six years ago.
6 Was that building a museum?
Spanish
Past continuous
3 Correct the mistakes in bold.
You were chatting online last night?
Were you chatting online last night?
1 Sergio was write a text message.
2 We wasn’t playing basketball.
3 Who sitting there?
4 Liam were reading the newspaper.
5 They were a party having at their house.
6 ‘Were you listening to music?’ ‘Yes, I were.’
Past continuous vs past simple
4 Complete the dialogue using the past simple
or past continuous form of the verbs.
Hazel I rang (ring) you last night, but you
(1)  (not answer).
(2)  (you / be) out?
Leah Sorry! I   (3) (listen) to music
when you (4)  (call).
I (5)  (not know) you
(6)  (want) to talk.
Hazel It’s OK. I (7)  (have) a
question about our homework, but I
(8)  (phone) Alisha instead.
Leah I (9)  (think) she
(10)  (see) a film with friends?
Hazel No, she (11)  (not be). They
(12)  (relax) instead.
Leah Oh. That was lucky!
so and such
5 Choose the correct words.
He’s such interesting / an interesting person.
1 I’m so / such sorry for being late.
2 She’s so a nice woman / nice.
3 It was such a cold day / cold yesterday!
4 Are you always such / so busy?
5 They were waiting at the bus stop for so long /
a long time that they got a taxi.
6 We had so / such a good trip that we want to
come back again next year.
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Grammar reference • Unit 2

Present perfect affirmative and Present perfect questions

negative Interrogativa
Afirmativa Have I / you won? Where have I / you been?
I / You have arrived. I’ve / You’ve arrived. Has he / she / it won? Who has he / she / it seen?
He / She / It has arrived. He’s / She’s / It’s arrived. Have we / you / they Why have we / you / they
We / You / They have We’ve / You’ve / They’ve won? stopped?
arrived. arrived.
Negativa
USO
Utilizamos el present perfect para preguntar sobre
I / You have not arrived. I / You haven’t arrived. experiencias del pasado. En la forma interrogativa a
He / She / It has not He / She / It hasn’t veces utilizamos ever, que significa «alguna vez».
arrived. arrived. Have you ever played an online game?
We / You / They have not We / You / They haven’t Has he read this book?
arrived. arrived.
Present perfect and past simple
En las frases afirmativas de la lengua oral solemos
utilizar las formas contractas (’ve / ’s) después del sujeto. USO
Utilizamos las formas completas (have / has) en los Utilizamos el past simple para describir acciones
textos formales. o períodos de tiempo que se completaron en un
Solemos utilizar las formas contractas (haven’t / hasn’t) momento determinado del pasado.
en las frases negativas de la lengua escrita y oral. We watched that new music video this afternoon.
Utilizamos las formas completas (have not / has not) en (Ahora ya es de noche.)
los textos formales. He played basketball at two o’clock. (Ahora no está
jugando a baloncesto.)
No hay que confundir la forma contracta de has (’s) con
la de is (que también es ’s). Utilizamos el present perfect para describir
acontecimientos que empezaron en el pasado y siguen
USO en el presente.
Utilizamos el present perfect para hablar de experiencias We’ve had this car for three years. (Todavía lo
que hemos tenido o no en algún momento del pasado. tenemos.)
I’ve created a website. You’ve studied at this school since 2014. (Y todavía
I haven’t visited that museum. sigues estudiando aquí.)
Nunca utilizamos el present perfect para decir cuándo Utilizamos distintas expresiones temporales en cada
sucedió exactamente una acción. Lo utilizamos si no forma.
sabemos cuándo ocurrió o si el momento en concreto El past simple utiliza expresiones que marcan
en que ocurrió no es importante. momentos en concreto del pasado: yesterday, last night,
last week, last year, at six o’clock, etc.
for and since El present perfect utiliza expresiones que describen el
USO momento cuando empezó la acción o un período de
tiempo: this month, since 2014, for years, etc.
Podemos utilizar for con el present perfect o el past
simple. Con el present perfect, describe la duración
de una acción o acontecimiento que empezó en el Intensifiers and adjectives
pasado y continúa en el presente. Va seguida de un USO
período de tiempo: for three months, for five days, etc. Podemos utilizar adverbios de grado con adjetivos para
She’s worked here for six years. (Todavía trabaja aquí.) hacer que nuestro inglés suene más interesante.
He worked here for three years. (Pero ahora ya no
trabaja aquí.) Utilizamos very + adjetivos normales, y absolutely +
adjetivos extremos.
Utilizamos since con el present perfect. Indica cuándo
empezó la acción. Since va seguida de un momento Utilizamos really + adjetivos normales y extremos.
exacto del pasado: since 2010, since May, etc. very loud ✓ really loud ✓ absolutely loud ✗
She’s lived in this town since 2011. very amazing ✗ really amazing ✓ absolutely amazing ✓

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Grammar practice • Unit 2
Present perfect affirmative and
negative
1 Write sentences that are true for you using the
present perfect.
I / write / a story
I’ve written a story. / I haven’t written a story.
1 My dad / visit / Russia
2 I / touch / a snake
3 My friends / study / English this year
4 I / watch / a film today
5 My best friend / read / a Harry Potter book
6 My mum / sail / a boat
2 Which four sentences can you rewrite using
never and the affirmative form of the present
perfect? Rewrite the four sentences.
I haven’t been to Ireland.
I’ve never been to Ireland.
1 I haven’t tried Greek food.
2 She hasn’t played in a band.
3 They haven’t seen Paul for years.
4 We haven’t watched that programme.
5 He hasn’t called this week.
6 You haven’t been here before.
for and since
3 Choose the correct words.
I’ve been here since four days / Tuesday.
1 Paco’s known Javier for / since ages.
2 They’ve felt ill since a week / last week.
3 I’ve loved dancing for / since I was a child.
4 Lisa’s had a pet cat for / since three years.
5 We’ve been friends since six months / June.
6 I’ve played volleyball for / since 2013.
Spanish
Present perfect questions
4 Correct the mistakes in bold.
Have Abdul seen this film?
Has Abdul seen this film?
1 Has ever Natalie eaten sushi?
2 Have they went to the USA before?
3 Janine has gone out?
4 ‘Has he bought it?’ ‘Yes, he’s.’
5 Have you lived ever abroad?
6 How long your uncle has been a doctor?
Present perfect and past simple
5 Complete the dialogue using the present
perfect or past simple form of the verbs.
Ana Have you ever visited (you / ever / visit) a
food festival?
Tim No, I (1)  (not). In fact,
I (2)  (never / hear) of one!
Ana Really? My town (3)  (have) a
cheese festival for years! I (4) 
(go) to it many times. I went this year.
Tim Oh! When (5)  (be) it?
Ana In June.
Tim (6)  (you / eat) a lot there?
(7)
Ana Yes, I   (do)! I don’t think I
(8)  (ever / eat) so much
cheese! I (9)  (go) with my
cousin. We (10)  (have) fun.
Tim Cool! Can you invite me next year?
Intensifiers and adjectives
6 Cross out the incorrect word.
That’s really /very / absolutely amazing!
1 The views from this window are absolutely
wonderful / spectacular / nice.
2 We saw a very amazing / interesting / long
programme on TV last night.
3 He was totally furious / sad / exhausted.
4 Lunch was completely bad / terrible / awful.
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Grammar reference • Unit 3

Present perfect: simple vs Utilizamos already en las frases afirmativas para

continuous enfatizar que alguien ha hecho algo. Se coloca entre el
auxiliar has / have y el participio pasado.
USO I’ve already finished my homework.
Utilizamos el present perfect simple para describir una Beth’s already won the race.
acción que se ha acabado.
I’ve read a good book. (= Ya lo he terminado.) Relative clauses
Utilizamos el present perfect continuous para hablar de Pronombre Uso con
una acción que se ha acabado recientemente o que
puede continuar. who personas He’s the singer who they saw
at the Glastonbury festival.
I’ve been reading a good book. (= Todavía no lo he
terminado y lo voy a seguir leyendo.) which cosas This is the photo which I
took in Portugal.
Los llamados stative verbs se utilizan solo en la forma
simple: believe, belong, own, have (= possess), hate, where lugares That’s the adventure park
imagine, know, like, love, prefer, remember, think, where we went last year.
understand, want, etc.
I’ve wanted a dog for years. USO
NO I've been wanting a dog for years. Utilizamos los pronombres relativos para indicar de
qué persona, lugar o cosa estamos hablando. Aportan
Present perfect simple with just información nueva sin la cual la frase no estaría
completa.
USO
Utilizamos el pronombre relativo who para indicar de
Utilizamos just con el present perfect simple para enfatizar
quién estamos hablando.
la idea que una acción ha terminado recientemente.
That’s the woman who helped me with my heavy bag at
Se emplea en las frases afirmativas y se coloca entre el
the airport.
auxiliar has / have y el participio pasado.
He’s the student who was very good at windsurfing.
They’ve just won the game.
You’re the person who I met on the train.
He’s just met that film star.
Utilizamos el pronombre relativo which para indicar de
Present perfect simple with still, yet qué cosa estamos hablando.
and already This is the ice cream which we tried on holiday last
summer.
USO Have you seen the blue T-shirt which I always wear to
Utilizamos still, yet y already con el present perfect the beach?
simple. That’s the interesting travel programme which you
Utilizamos still y yet para subrayar la idea que algo no enjoy watching.
ha cambiado. Se utiliza en frases negativas y se coloca Utilizamos el pronombre relativo where para indicar de
antes de has / have. qué lugar estamos hablando.
It’s very late but you still haven’t done your homework. Here’s the Italian restaurant where we had that
He still hasn’t bought that new game. delicious pasta.
Utilizamos yet al final de la frase. This is the place where you can go climbing.
I haven’t finished my homework yet. That’s the new stadium where my favourite football
Utilizamos yet en las frases interrogativas para team plays.
preguntar si alguien ha hecho algo. Se coloca al final
de la frase.
Have you finished your homework yet?

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Grammar practice • Unit 3

Present perfect: simple vs Present perfect simple with still, yet

continuous and already
1 Complete the sentences using the present 3 Order the words to make sentences and
perfect simple or continuous form of the verbs. questions. Then choose the correct meanings.
I’ve been reading (read) this book for ages, but arrived / Mark / yet / hasn’t
I’m only on page 62. Mark hasn’t arrived yet.
1 you a He’s extremely late.
(you / run)? You look hot and tired. b He isn’t here now.
2 They (work) all day on that 1 a / phone / bought / she’s / already / new
project, but it isn’t finished.
3 We (visit) Galicia many a She did it quicker than I expected.
times. Our cousins live there. b She took longer than I expected.
4 I (go) here before. I 2 still / film / haven’t / we / seen / that
remember this place.
5 How long is this film? We a I know we’ll go soon.
(watch) it for three hours! b We haven’t seen the film yet.
6 He (learn) Greek because 3 has / already / finished / party / the ?
he’s going to Greece on holiday.
7 I (buy) a new computer a That’s earlier than we expected.
online. It’s arriving tomorrow. b We’re happy that it’s ended.
8 My aunt (not change). She 4 dinner / you / yet / have / made ?
looks the same now as she did ten years ago.
a I know you’ll do it soon.
Present perfect simple with just b It’s earlier than usual.
5 still / Andy / to / I / talked / haven’t
2 Write sentences and questions using the
present perfect simple with just. Then match
1–7 with situations a–g. a I’m not worried about when it happens.
b I was going to do it earlier.
1 he / eat / all of the cake
6 read / that / I / book / haven’t / yet
He’s just eaten all of the cake. c
2 we / go / on holiday a But I plan to read it soon.
b It’s taking a lot longer than I expected.
3 she / buy / new clothes ?
Relative clauses
4 she / run / 20 kilometres
4 Choose the correct words.
5 someone / steal / his wallet Do you know anyone who / which / where
has climbed a mountain?
6 they / pass / the test ? 1 Tell me the place who / which / where you’d
most like to travel.
7 you / tidy / your room ? 2 The watch who / which / where I bought has
already broken!
a Hannah looks tired. 3 I’d like to meet more people who / which /
b David and his friends are celebrating. where enjoy adventure sports.
c Nathan feels sick. 4 Is he the man who / which / where broke the
d You all look very relaxed. world record?
e It looks great. 5 I’ve got a new app on my phone who / which /
f Sandra’s spent all her money. where shows me fun activities in my area.
g Riley’s really angry. 6 We’re going to a place who / which / where
you can do a lot of hiking.

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Grammar reference • Unit 4

Quantifiers Question tags

Adjetivos Sustantivos Sustantivos Frase principal Question tag
contables incontables Sujeto Auxiliar Auxiliar Sujeto
The cake is too There are too We eat too You don’t play tennis, do you?
expensive. many cakes. much meat.
They have gone, haven’t they?
Is the film loud Are there Is there enough
enough? enough tickets action in the She is here, isn’t she?
for everyone? film?
USO
It is(n’t) loud There are(n’t) There is(n’t)
enough! enough tickets enough action Utilizamos las llamadas question tags (o preguntas
for everyone. in the film. cortas) para comprobar información. Utilizamos un
There are a lot There’s a lot of verbo positivo para las frases negativas.
of farms. pollution. You’re not the new student, are you?
It won't damage the environment, will it?
There are a few There’s a little
farms. pollution. Utilizamos un verbo negativo para las frases positivas.
You’re the new student, aren’t you?
too many / too much = más de lo necesario It will damage the environment, won't it?
enough = la cantidad necesaria
Utilizamos el mismo verbo auxiliar que en la frase
not enough = una cantidad insuficiente
principal.
a lot of = una gran cantidad de algo
We can recycle this paper, can’t we?
a little = no mucho, pero suficiente
She can’t speak German, can she?
a few = no mucho, pero suficiente
Utilizamos do si en la frase principal no hay un verbo
USO auxiliar.
Utilizamos too + adjetivo. He likes Indian food, doesn’t he?
The novel is too long. We need to protect the planet, don't we?
Utilizamos too many + sustantivo contable en plural. Utilizamos verbos modales si en la frase principal hay
There are too many films in the competition. un verbo modal.
Utilizamos too much + sustantivo incontable. We should practise for the show, shouldn’t we?
There was too much violence in the film. We shouldn't waste food, should we?
Utilizamos (not) enough después de un adjetivo. Utilizamos question tags para comprobar que algo es
Lily’s story isn’t interesting enough. cierto o para pedir confirmación.
'You're ready to go, aren't you?' 'Yes, I am.'
Utilizamos (not) enough + sustantivo incontable y
sustantivos contables en plural.
Millions of children don’t have enough food.
Clauses of purpose
The film received enough awards. USO
Utilizamos a lot of con sustantivos incontables y Con las expresiones siguientes mostramos el propósito
sustantivos contables en plural. o explicamos el porqué de algo: to + infinitivo, so that,
There’s a lot of information on this website. in case, in order to + infinitivo.
There are a lot of people at this party. You can use it to take photos.
Utilizamos a little con sustantivos incontables y a We saved money so that we could get married.
few con sustantivos contables en plural en frases I always take my umbrella in case it rains.
afirmativas. He called in order to invite me to his party.
I like a little sugar in my coffee.
I always have a few books in my school bag.

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Grammar practice • Unit 4

Quantifiers Question tags

1 Find and correct the mistakes. 3 Complete the questions with the words in the
We only have a little burgers left. few box.
1 How many juice do we have in the fridge?
do don’t has is isn’t wasn’t were will
won't
2 There are too little chairs for everyone.
The film was brilliant, wasn’t it?
3 I’ve got a few money, but not enough. 1 You love festivals, you?
2 She’s going to play football, she?
4 There are too much people here. There’s no 3 He won’t be here later, he?
room! 4 The story isn’t true, it?
5 There isn’t milk enough for my tea. 5 We’ll be having lunch at two o’clock,
we?
6 This room doesn’t have a little light. It’s quite 6 They don’t live here, they?
dark. 7 It hasn’t been easy, it?
7 Have you got much money to pay for the 8 You weren’t busy, you?
ticket?
8 I have a lot of books on my e-reader, but not 4 Add tags to make questions.
many. He’s not very good at singing, is he ?
9 There’s many traffic on the roads today. 1 They didn’t recycle the rubbish, ?
2 She’s winning the competition, ?
10 Sorry, but there’s enough time to finish the work. 3 They can’t cook Chinese food, ?
4 George’s been here before, ?
5 You won’t be ready for a while, ?
2 Order the words to make sentences and 6 They don’t come to this school, ?
questions. There is one word that you don’t 7 Katia loves swimming, ?
need. 8 Daniel can play the violin, ?
paper / you got / much / have / how / enough ? 9 They haven’t got many friends, ?
How much paper have you got? 10 You used to shop there, ?
1 a / butter / many / in the fridge / little / there’s
Clauses of purpose
2 there / time / enough / a lot / is ? 5 Complete the sentences with one word.
I’m turning off the lights to save energy.
3 like / much / people / many / chocolate 1 Keep those bottles in we need
them again.
4 are / too / enough / there / bags / many ? 2 She’s becoming a doctor in to
help people.
5 you / enough / got / haven’t / few / water 3 He called that he could tell me his
good news.
4 order to save money, we’re making
6 noise / a lot / little / there’s / outside / of
the presents at home.
5 Keep your mobile phone with you
case I need to send you a message.
6 There’s a student council so
students can make decisions about college life.
7 We’re going to the airport meet
my cousin.

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First conditional with if and unless
La estructura del condicional de primer grado es: if
+ sujeto + present simple, + will / won’t + infinitivo sin
to. Solemos utilizar las formas contractas. Cuando la
proposición encabezada por if va en segundo lugar, no
necesitamos coma. A veces utilizamos unless en lugar
de if ... not.
If I need help, I’ll call you.
I’ll call you if I need help.
Unless he works hard, he won't get rich.
He won't get rich unless he works hard.
USO
Utilizamos el condicional de primer grado para
predecir el resultado de una acción. Sirve para hablar
de cosas que creemos que pueden pasar en el futuro,
y de las que consideramos posibles. Introducimos la
situación con if o unless + present simple. Lo utilizamos
para describir los resultados probables de las acciones.
If she misses the bus, she’ll be late for school.
You won’t pass your exams unless you study hard.
might vs will
Utilizamos will y might con el infinitivo sin to.
We’ll join the protest next week.
I might bring Anna.
En la forma negativa añadimos not después de will o
might.
La forma will not se suele contraer como won’t. No
solemos contraer la forma might not.
I won’t be at the meeting tomorrow.
Jake might not come because he’s ill.
USO
Utilizamos will y won’t para hablar de situaciones que
estamos seguros de que sucederán.
I’ll meet you outside school.
Utilizamos might y might not para situaciones futuras
que son posibles pero no seguras.
It might be hot at the weekend.
will and be going to
USO
Utilizamos be going to para hablar de planes e
intenciones de futuro.
I’m going to meet my friend at the concert.
We’re going to sit near the front.
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Empleamos will para hacer predicciones sobre el futuro.
I think the concert will be exciting.
I think the museum will be interesting.
Future continuous
Afirmativa
Tomorrow at this time I’ll be flying to Australia.
Negativa
They won’t be waiting for me at home.
Interrogativa
Will you be staying with your uncle in Athens?
USO
Utilizamos el future continuous para describir
actividades o acontecimientos que creemos que se
estarán desarrollando en un momento determinado
del futuro.
They’ll be waiting for me at the airport.
I'll be travelling home at 12.00 tomorrow.
No utilizamos formas de continuous con los stative
verbs, p. ej. be.
Present simple and continuous for
the future
USO
Utilizamos el present continuous para hablar sobre
planes de futuro. Empleamos el present simple para
hablar de los eventos futuros que forman parte de un
horario.
I’m playing basketball this evening. The match starts
at 7.30.
They’re getting up early tomorrow. The plane leaves
at 6.15.
The shop opens in an hour. I’m collecting a skirt that
I ordered.
Clauses of reason and cause
USO
Utilizamos as y so para conectar la causa de una
acción. Colocamos as al principio de la frase, antes
del motivo. Esa proposición necesita una coma.
Colocamos so después del motivo. En este caso no
necesitamos la coma.
I’m tired. (causa/motivo)
I’m going to bed. (acción/resultado)
As I’m tired, I’m going to bed.
I’m tired so I’m going to bed.
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Grammar practice • Unit 5

First conditional with if and unless Future continuous

1 Complete the first conditional sentences with 4 Complete the sentences with the correct
the correct form of the verbs and if or unless. future continuous form of the verbs in the box.
I’ll go out later unless I’m too tired. (go, unless)
do listen make not watch not work talk
1 it tomorrow, we’ll
stay inside and watch a film. (if, rain) At seven o’clock tomorrow evening …
2 We you we have any I’ll be doing my homework.
problems. (text, if) 1 My sister to her boyfriend
3 He the bags they’re on the phone.
too heavy. (carry, unless) 2 My dad dinner.
4 you clearly, she 3 My mum at the hospital.
won’t understand you. (unless, speak) 4 I to music.
5 I’ll give Mike your message I 5 My brothers TV.
him later. (if, see)
Present simple and continuous for
might vs will the future
2 Complete the dialogue with will, won’t, might 5 Complete the pairs of sentences with one
or might not. verb in the present continuous and one in the
Zac Will you talk to Mr Barlow at the gym later? present simple form.
Eli I don’t know. I (1)  do. I’m travelling (travel) to London tomorrow. My
He (2)  be there teaching train leaves (leave) at 7.30.
swimming club as usual. But I 1 School (finish) in twenty minutes.
(3)  be able to speak to him. We (play) football after class.
Sometimes he’s too busy.
2 We (sing) in a competition. It
Zac Well, if you do, can you tell him that I (start) on Saturday morning.
(4)  be late for football practice 3 The World Cup final (be) on TV on
tomorrow? I (5)  be at the Sunday. I (stay) home to watch it.
dentist, and I (6)  be a bit late. 4 She (see) the dentist on Tuesday.
I can’t be sure.
Her appointment (be) at 11.45.
Eli No problem. I (7)  tell him. 5 ‘ ( Josh / work) on Friday?’
Zac You (8)  forget? ‘No, his course (start) that day.’
Eli Of course not! 6 The library (open) in half an hour.
I (collect) a book that I ordered.
will and be going to
3 Choose the correct words. Clauses of reason and cause
What will you / are you going to do tonight? 6 Rewrite the sentences using as or so.
1 At university, I ’ll / ’m going to study art. I want to pass my exam. I’m going to study. (so)
2 Do you think they ’ll / ’re going to have fun? I want to pass my exam so I’m going to study.
3 Seth hates pop music. He won’t / isn’t going to 1 She’s lonely. She’s going to call a friend. (so)
like this song.
4 We ’ll / ’re going to fly to Paris. It’s cheaper 2 I want to be a doctor. I’m studying science. (as)
than going by train.
5 I won’t / ’m not going to go out this weekend 3 I love this band. I’m going to their concert. (so)
because I’m saving for a new phone.
4 It’s a sunny day. Let’s go for a walk. (as)

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can, could, be able to
Can, could y will be able to tienen la misma forma
para todas las personas. Utilizamos can y could con el
infinitivo del verbo sin to.
I can / can't speak French.
He could / couldn't speak French.
They will / won't be able to speak French.
USO
Utilizamos can, could, was / were able to y will be able
to para hablar de habilidades en presente, pasado o
futuro.
Presente:
I can speak English because I’m from the UK.
Pasado:
Utilizamos could y was / were able to para describir
habilidades que alguien tenía en el pasado.
I couldn’t speak English when I was very young.
Was he able to speak three languages by the time he
was five?
Empleamos was / were able to para hablar de un hecho
en concreto del pasado.
John was able to climb the mountain before it got dark.
Utilizamos was / were able to cuando sucedió algo en
una ocasión.
Unfortunately, they weren’t able to come to our party.
Futuro:
I won’t be able to go cycling because I’ve lost my bike.
have to / need to / must / should
Must y should tienen una única forma para todas las
personas.
Roger must be careful with the knife.
NO Roger musts be careful with the knife.
She should take a sleeping bag.
NO She shoulds take a sleeping bag.
Utilizamos must / should + infinitivo sin to.
You must listen now. NO You must to listen now.
They should sit here. NO They should to sit here.
Las formas negativas de must y should son must not y
should not. En la lengua oral y en los textos informales
utilizamos las formas contractas mustn’t y shouldn’t.
Al igual que con must y should, el verbo principal no
lleva to.
We mustn’t touch this. NO We mustn’t to touch this.
You shouldn’t drink that. NO You shouldn’t to drink
that.
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USO
Utilizamos should y su forma negativa shouldn’t para dar
consejos o decir si algo es buena idea o no.
Lauren should eat healthy food.
We shouldn’t make a lot of noise.
Utilizamos need to para hablar de lo que es necesario.
We need to be quiet.
Jeff needs to study more.
Utilizamos must y have to para hablar de obligaciones
serias, para indicar que se trata de una regla o algo
esencial.
I must be fit to go on the adventure trip.
We have to be careful in the water.
Solemos utilizar must para hablar de algo que quien
habla considera necesario.
You must do your homework now.
We must follow the rules.
Solemos utilizar have to cuando circunstancias externas
hacen que algo sea necesario.
I have to go to the library because I need some books.
I have to help my sister because my parents asked
me to.
Utilizamos don’t have to para hablar de algo que no es
necesario hacer.
We don’t have to clean the house because it is already
clean.
You don't have to bring food because we have some.
La forma negativa de must y have to es mustn’t.
Empleamos mustn’t para hablar de lo que está
prohibido.
Don’t have to NO es la forma negativa de must y have to.
You mustn’t be late.
I mustn’t leave the camp after dark.
Ordering information
USO
Utilizamos los siguientes marcadores del discurso para
indicar los puntos que queremos hacer en un discurso
o texto escrito.
Firstly, …
Secondly, …
Finally, …
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Grammar practice • Unit 6
can, could, be able to
1 Complete the sentences about ability using
the correct form of the verbs.
He can’t swim very well yet, but he’s learning.
(can / swim)
1 She the race. She’s tired,
but very happy! (be able to / win)
2 They by car tomorrow.
There’s always too much traffic at weekends.
(be able to / come)
3 I when I was four, but I
learned at school. (can / read)
4 ‘ they you?’
‘Yes, I spoke to them.’ (be able to / call)
5 I’m sure she the exams.
She’s studying a lot. (be able to / pass)
6 Jonathan is deaf. He
anything. (can / hear)
2 Choose the correct words.
Emotional intelligence (or EI) is a very important
life skill. It means that you are able / could / can
recognize your emotions and manage them, too.
Most of us (1) were able / can / able to
remember a time when, as a young child, we were
upset. However, we (2) couldn’t / weren’t able /
can say why we felt this way, and we (3) was able /
weren’t able / couldn’t to control our feelings.
Experts say that we (4) can / able to / can’t start to
identify or control our own emotions until we’re
around five years old.
Psychologists say that emotional intelligence will
be extremely important to our working lives in the
future. Soon, employers (5) will be able to / can /
were able to check how much EI you have. If you
don’t get a good score, you probably won’t
(6) can / able to / be able to get the career you
want. Luckily, there are now EI courses that you
can do, so that we (7) could / can / will be able
all improve this important skill.
Spanish
have to / need to / must / should
3 Find and correct the mistakes.
Let’s go! We haven’t to be late. mustn’t
1 We’re playing in the final of the competition
next week, so I need be fit.
2 Should we to go to bed earlier?
3 You don’t have to be late for class.
4 Do you must wear a school uniform?
5 They should don’t talk during class.
6 Have you to do extra homework?
4 Complete the dialogue with must, mustn’t,
don’t have to, should or shouldn’t.
Joe What do I need to know about this sport?
Max First of all, you should wear a shirt, shorts,
socks and boots. Players (1) 
usually wear special boots, but you can
wear your football boots today.
Joe OK. And how about safety equipment?
Max Oh, you (2)  wear that
because the ball isn’t hard.
Joe Good! I’ll tell my mum that she
(3)  worry about that.
Max So, it’s OK to run with the ball and throw
it backwards or to the side, but you
(4)  throw it forwards. And
also, you (5)  touch any
players except the one holding the ball.
Joe And how about kicking it with your feet?
Max Everyone can do that. To score, you
(6)  kick the ball over the bar.
Joe So is the game rugby?
Max That’s right!
Ordering information
5 Complete the adverbs to order the
information.
I agree that sports lessons are really good
for students for a number of reasons.
(1) F , I think it’s important for our
health to do regular exercise. (2) S ,
working in a team helps students to develop useful
skills. (3) F , competition can be fun
for everyone.
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Grammar reference • Unit 7

can / may / might / could; Second conditional

must / can’t; perhaps Afirmativa Negativa Interrogativa
Presente Futuro If I / you got up If I / you didn’t If you got up
Your keys could be in He could get an award at earlier, I / you go to bed late, earlier, would
your pocket. the competition. would arrive on I / you wouldn’t you walk to
time. be so tired. school?
It’s 7.30. We may be late We may go to the
for the show. concert, depending on If he / she / it If he / she / it If he / she / it
the price of the tickets. acted well, he / didn’t act badly, acted well, would
This jacket might be I might go to the cinema she / it would he / she / it he / she / it get a
expensive. Let’s check. tonight, but I’m not sure. get a good wouldn’t get a good review?
review. bad review.
USO If we / you / If we / you / If we / you / they
they studied they didn’t studied more,
Utilizamos los verbos modales could, may y might +
more, we / watch TV so would we / you /
infinitivo sin to para hablar de cosas que son posibles
you / they often, we / you / they do better at
en el presente y el futuro. would do better they would do school?
She could be right. at school. better at school.
We could go shopping this weekend.
He may be ill today. La estructura del condicional de segundo grado es: if +
We may go on holiday this summer. sujeto + past simple, + would / wouldn’t + verbo sin to.
They might be waiting for us. Solemos utilizar las formas contractas.
I might see you tomorrow. If I got up earlier, I'd be on time.
Utilizamos can para las posibilidades del presente. If they did more exercise, they'd be healthier.
You can change someone’s day by being kind to them. Igual que en el condicional de primer grado, la
Learning a language can be challenging. proposición encabezada por if se puede colocar en la
Utilizamos can’t y must para deducir algo en el segunda parte de la frase; en este caso no añadimos la
presente. Empleamos must si estamos seguros de que coma.
algo es cierto, y can’t si estamos seguros de que no lo I’d be on time if I got up earlier.
es. They’d be healthier if they did more exercise.
My dad must be home. His car is parked in the drive. Para construir preguntas informativas, colocamos el
The story must be true. I saw it on the news. pronombre interrogativo al principio de la proposición
This can’t be Leah’s house. It’s too big. con would.
You can't be 30! I thought you were 18. What files would you share if you were online?
Se suele utilizamos perhaps cuando hablamos de algo If you were online, what files would you share?
que posiblemente es cierto.
USO
Perhaps you’ll win the race!
Perhaps they'll be lucky. Utilizamos el condicional de segundo grado para
hablar del posible resultado de una situación poco
probable.
If I had £200, I’d buy a mobile phone. (= I haven’t got
£200, so I won’t be able to buy a mobile phone.)
A veces utilizamos were en lugar de was con el
condicional de segundo grado.
If I were you, I'd support the campaign.

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Grammar practice • Unit 7

can / may / might / could; must / Second conditional

can't; perhaps 3 Write two true sentences for each second
1 Order the words to make sentences and conditional sentence.
questions. There is one word that you don’t If I wasn’t so tired, I’d walk there.
need. I’m very tired.
this / you / can / like / might / song I won’t walk there.
You might like this song. 1 We would invite Ollie to the picnic if we had his
1 be / perhaps / quite / concert tickets / mobile number.
expensive / can

2 the show / tonight / see / we / not / could / may 2 If my sister came home on time, Mum wouldn’t
get angry with her.
3 he’s / might / very well / not / perhaps

4 might / late / can / she / be ? 3 Evan would buy that games console if he had
enough money.
5 sad / can / perhaps / love songs / be

6 rain / must / it’ll / perhaps / tomorrow 4 If you didn’t work hard, you’d find maths and
science very difficult.
7 be / they / busy / come / perhaps / must / too / to

5 If Deena was more generous, we’d be friends.

2 Choose the correct meanings.
He may not be at work.
a Perhaps he’s going to stay at home tomorrow.
6 We’d all go out tonight if we weren’t busy.
b It’s possible that he’s not at work now.
1 Perhaps Raquel will win the competition.
a It’s possible that Raquel will win.
b Raquel is definitely going to win. 4 Complete the second conditional sentences
2 He trains on Sundays so he can’t be home. using the correct form of the verbs in brackets.
a There’s no way he’s at home.
We’d finish (finish) this homework a lot faster if
b He isn’t able to stay at home.
we stopped (stop) watching TV!
3 Jamie could be unhappy.
a It’s possible he won’t be happy in the future. 1 Eddie (have) more friends if he
b Perhaps he isn’t happy now. (be) more sympathetic.
4 They might love the game. 2 If I (not have) so much work to do,
a Maybe they loved the game. I (relax) a lot more.
b Perhaps they’ll love the game. 3 What (you / do) if I
5 She must be very kind to buy you this gift. (tell) you a secret?
a She’s obviously a kind person. 4 If we (not have to) wear a school
b She needs to be kind to you. uniform, I (buy) more clothes.
6 You can make a big difference. 5 I (not know) what to say if I
a You will probably have a big effect. (see) my favourite celebrity.
b It’s possible for you to have a big effect. 6 If you (win) the prize, how
7 Kay is at school so she mustn’t be ill. (you / celebrate)?
a She might not be ill.
b She’s obviously not ill.

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Grammar reference • Unit 8

Present and past passive: Active to passive

affirmative and negative El objeto de la oración activa se transforma en el sujeto
de la pasiva.
Present passive
People paint these pictures in China. = Estos cuadros
Afirmativa Negativa se pintan en China.
I’m given help. I’m not given help. Jane invited Pippa to the new restaurant. = Pippa fue
invitada al nuevo restaurante.
You’re given help. You’re not given help.
En la oración pasiva, no solemos indicar quién realiza
He’s / She’s / It’s given He / She / It isn’t given la acción. Si queremos hacerlo, utilizamos by.
help. help.
Pippa was invited to the new restaurant by Jane.
We’re / You’re / They’re We / You / They aren’t
given help. given help. Present and past passive: questions
El presente de la pasiva afirmativa se forma con sujeto Present passive
+ present simple de be + participio pasado.
Interrogativa Respuestas breves
El presente de la pasiva negativa se forma con sujeto +
present simple de be + not + participio pasado. Afirmativa Negativa
Am I given help? Yes, I am. No, I’m not.
Past passive
Are you given Yes, you are. No, you aren’t.
Afirmativa Negativa help?
I was given help. I wasn’t given help. Is he / she / it Yes, he / she / No, he / she / it
You were given help. You weren’t given help. given help? it is. isn’t.
He / She / It was given He / She / It wasn’t given Are we / you / Yes, we / you / No, we / you /
help. help. they given help? they are. they aren’t.
We / You / They were We / You / They weren’t El presente de la pasiva interrogativa se forma con
given help. given help. present simple de be + sujeto + participio pasado.
El pasado de la pasiva afirmativa se forma con sujeto + Past passive
past simple de be + participio pasado.
Interrogativa Respuestas breves
El pasado de la pasiva negativa se forma con sujeto +
past simple de be + not + participio pasado. Afirmativa Negativa
Was I given Yes, I was. No, I wasn’t.
USO
help?
Utilizamos la voz pasiva para hablar de lo que le
Were you given Yes, you were. No, you weren’t.
ocurre al sujeto de una oración. Las oraciones pasivas
help?
enfatizan la acción. La acción es más importante que la
persona que la realiza. Was he / she / it Yes, he / she / it No, he / she / it
They’re invited to concerts. given help? was. wasn’t.
The TV programme was made in Italy. Were we / you / Yes, we / you / No, we / you /
they given help? they were. they weren’t.

El pasado de la pasiva interrogativa se forma con past

simple de be + sujeto + participio pasado.

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Grammar practice • Unit 8

Present and past passive: Present and past passive: questions

affirmative and negative 4 Order the words to make passive questions.
1 Are the sentences active or passive? Write this programme / was / prizes / any / awarded ?
active or passive. Was this programme awarded any prizes?
My brother is loved by everyone. passive 1 this / cooked / meat / was / when ?
Everyone loves my brother. active
1 She was born in June. 2 on Mondays / this / is / room / used ?
2 This music is playing very loud.
3 The piano is played with both hands. 3 much / actors / paid / how / are ?
4 This room isn’t cleaned every week.
5 They were talking all evening. 4 told / they / were / news / the / when ?
6 They weren’t told what to do next.
7 We were given an hour to finish.
5 from / film / adapted / was / the / a book ?
8 My sister is really happy at university.

2 Complete the sentences using the correct 6 novels / written / Cervantes / were / by / these ?
present or past passive form of the verbs in
the box.
5 Complete the dialogue using the correct active
cut give not sell serve take teach write or passive form of the verbs.

The dog’s hair is cut once every two months. Eva Your room looks completely different from
the last time I visited (visit)!
1 These photographs on holiday.
Lola Yes, that’s because it (1) 
2 Milk in this shop.
(paint) last week. And we (2) 
3 This play by Shakespeare in 1595.
(make) new pictures for the walls, too.
4 Italian, French and German at that
secondary school. Eva Wow – I love the colour. (3) 
5 Dinner every evening at 7.00. (you / do) the painting? It (4) 
(look) amazing!
6 Homework at the end of class.
Lola No. It (5)  (do) by a friend of
3 Complete the sentences using the present or the family. He (6)  (do) a good
past passive. Add by where necessary. job, didn’t he?
Mrs Hughes told the joke. Eva Yes. And the cushions match the colour of
the walls, too!
The joke was told by Mrs Hughes.
Lola Ah, the cushions (7)  (not be)
1 I damaged my bike in the accident.
home-made. They (8)  (buy)
My bike
for my mum a few months ago, but she
2 All the students use this library. gave them to me.
This library
Eva Well, I hope you (9)  (please)
3 People don’t use this computer every day.
with your room. I just love it!
This computer
Lola Thanks, so do I. How about your room?
4 Lucas bought those presents. (10)  (it / decorate) often?
Those presents
Eva No, not enough! I’m going to ask my
5 They didn’t make these chairs very well.
parents about that!
These chairs
6 We play all our matches at the sports centre.
All our matches

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Grammar reference • Unit 9

Past perfect Reported speech: offers,

Afirmativa Negativa Interrogativa
suggestions, commands
I / You / He / I / You / He / Had I / you / he / USO
She / It / We / She / It / We / she / it / we / Podemos utilizar los verbos say y tell en el estilo directo
You / They had You / They you / they e indirecto. Utilizamos say con o sin objeto, pero tell
started. hadn’t started. started? necesita siempre un objeto. Cuando pasamos del
I / You / He / I / You / He / estilo directo al indirecto, solemos cambiar los tiempos
She / It / We / She / It / We / verbales, los pronombres y las expresiones temporales.
You / They’d You / They Por ejemplo: los verbos en present simple pasan al past
started. hadn’t started. simple en el estilo indirecto, this se transforma en that, y
tomorrow en the following day.
La estructura del past perfect es: sujeto + had +
Para informar de algo utilizamos la estructura that +
participio pasado del verbo.
sujeto + verbo.
USO
Estilo directo Estilo indirecto
Utilizamos el past perfect para hablar de algo que
sucedió antes de otra acción del pasado o de algo Ali and Ahmed: ‘We Ali and Ahmed told me
que pasó antes de un momento determinado del plan to volunteer at the that they planned to
hospital next month.’ volunteer at the hospital
pasado. Utilizamos el simple past para la acción pasada
the following month.
más reciente. Con el past perfect podemos utilizar las
expresiones by the time y before. Alex: ‘I love my new Alex said that he loved his
I thought I’d locked the door, but I hadn’t. jacket.’ new jacket.
Had you seen my note by the time I phoned you?
Utilizamos ask + if / whether + pregunta indirecta.
Utilizamos el past perfect para responder a preguntas
sobre el pasado que empiezan por How long? Estilo directo Estilo indirecto
How long had you been an actor before you retired? John: ‘Do you need any John asked me if I needed
I’d been an actor for twenty years. help?’ any help.

Adverb formation Utilizamos offer to (do something) para informar de

Para transformar adjetivos en adverbios hacemos los ofrecimientos.
siguientes cambios. Adjetivos que terminan en: Estilo directo Estilo indirecto
la mayoría de las letras, incluidas la -e y la -l, añadimos
Martha: ‘I could help you.’ Martha offered to help
-ly
me.
nice ➞ nicely
-y, cambiamos -y por -ily Utilizamos suggest that + sujeto + verbo sin to para
funny ➞ funnily informar de sugerencias.
Pero hay algunas excepciones a las que se añade -ly Estilo directo Estilo indirecto
shy ➞ shyly
Esme: ‘Let’s go to the Esme suggested that we
-le, eliminamos la -e y añadimos -y beach at the weekend.’ go to the beach at the
terrible ➞ terribly weekend.
-ic, añadimos -ally
realistic ➞ realistically Utilizamos tell (someone) to (do something) para
informar de órdenes.
Estilo directo Estilo indirecto
Mum: ‘Turn down the Mum told me to turn
music.’ down the music.

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 3 Grammar reference
& practice Spanish
Grammar practice • Unit 9

Past perfect Reported speech: offers,

1 Match the past situations 1–6 with the earlier suggestions, commands
events which caused them, a–f. Then write 3 Complete the reported statements and
sentences using because and the cause in the questions.
past perfect.
‘Are you happy today?’
1 Adrian failed his exam. c She asked me if I was happy that day.
2 Nick didn’t play in the match.
1 ‘I’m bored with this game.’
3 Celia didn’t want any ice cream.
4 Louisa’s bags were very heavy. Michael said
5 The cake was very burned.
6 The soup tasted awful. 2 ‘Where did you go for your last holiday?’
Mrs Jones asked us
a He recently hurt his ankle.
b Someone put too much salt in it.
c He didn’t study enough. 3 ‘I’m feeling tired.’
d I left it in the oven for too long. Andrea said
e She took a lot of books.
f She just ate a large pizza. 4 ‘We drank all of the juice.’
1 Adrian failed his exam because he hadn’t studied They told me
enough.
2 5 ‘I saw this film yesterday.’
Hugo said
3
6 ‘Where does your sister Katie go to school?’
Lily asked James
4

5 4 Choose the correct words.

Carla asked me where was the party /
6 the party was.
1 Jason said / told me he was having problems.
2 Adriana suggested going / to go to the park.
Adverb formation 3 Joel offered that he carried / to carry the
2 Complete the sentences with the adverb form boxes for us.
of the adjectives in the box. 4 Victor said / told that he liked Italian food.
5 Mr Ludlow told us / told to us to be careful.
calm careful cheerful neat noisy 6 My friends asked me was I enjoying /
romantic shy if I was enjoying the festival.
7 Dad suggested that we try / trying again.
We put our clothes neatly into the suitcase. 8 Alice told me to not / not to move.
1 Phoebe was nervous. She spoke to
her new classmates.
2 Eleanor was watching so that she
knew what to do next.
3 They’ll practise yoga in silence.
4 She’s singing because she’s happy.
5 Marcus is interested in Emily. He
wrote a love song for her.
6 They chatted and woke me up.

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