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Una sucesión infinita, o simplemente sucesión, es una función cuyo dominio está constituido
por el conjunto de los números naturales y cuyo recorrido, es un subconjunto de los números
reales
1.
Se dice que una sucesión {an} converge a un número real L si para todo existe un entero
positivo N tal que
3.-
4 3 8 5
{2, , , , }
5 5 17 13
5.-
1 1 1 1
{0, − , ,− , }
25 125 625 3125
7.-
1 1 1 1 1
{ , , , , }
2 6 24 120 720
9.-
{1,2,7,32,157}
11.-
2 2 2 2
{2, , , , }
3 5 7 9
13.-
1
=
2𝑛 − 1
15.-
2
= −3 ∗ ( )𝑛−1
3
17.-
𝑛2
= (−1)𝑛+1 ∗
𝑛+1
Calcule, con una aproximación de cuatro decimales, los primeros diez términos de la
sucesión y úselos para graficar a mano la sucesión. .Parece tener limite la sucesión? Si
es así, calcúlelo. Si no, explique por que
19.-
3 6 9 12 15 18 21 24 27 30
{ , , , , , , , , , }
7 13 19 25 31 37 43 49 55 61
{0.4286, 0.4615, 0.4737, 0.4800, 0.4839, 0.4865, 0.4884, 0.4898, 0.4909, 0.4918}
Si
3𝑛
lim =
𝑛→∞ 1 + 6𝑛
Dividimos entre n
3𝑛
𝑛 3 3 1
lim = lim = =
𝑛→∞ 1 6𝑛 𝑛→∞ 1 6 2
𝑛+ 𝑛 𝑛+6
Converge a 1/2
21.-
23.-
U=lim n*ln(0.2)= -∞
𝑛→∞
Entonces
1 − lim 𝑒 n = 1 − 0 = 1 Converge a 1
𝑛→−∞
25.-
27.-
1
lim 𝑒 2
𝑛→∞
1
𝐿𝑛(𝐿) = lim 𝐿𝑛(𝑒 𝑛 )
𝑛→∞
1 1
= lim = =0
𝑛→∞ 𝑛 ∞
𝑒 𝐿𝑛(𝐿) = 𝑒 0
L=𝑒 0 = 1
Converge a 1
𝑛+1
30. 𝑎𝑛 = √9𝑛+1
1
𝑛+1 𝑛(1 + ) 1 1
lim √ = lim √ 𝑛 =√ = 𝑝𝑜𝑟 𝑙𝑜 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑜 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑔𝑒.
𝑛→∞ 9𝑛 + 1 𝑛→∞ 1 9 3
𝑛 (9 + 𝑛)
𝑛2
31. 𝑎𝑛 = √𝑛3
+4𝑛
𝑛4
𝑛4 𝑛4 𝑛3
lim √ = √ lim = √ lim =
𝑛→∞ √𝑛3 + 4𝑛 𝑛→∞ √𝑛3 + 4𝑛 𝑛→∞ 3
√𝑛3 + 4𝑛3
𝑛 𝑛
𝑛 ∞
= √ lim = lim √ = √∞ = ∞ . 𝑝𝑜𝑟 𝑙𝑜 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑜 𝑑𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑔𝑒.
𝑛→∞ 4 𝑛→∞ 1+0
1+( )
𝑛2
(−1)𝑛
33. 𝑎𝑛 = 2√𝑛
(−1)𝑛 1
lim | | = lim =0
𝑛→∞ 2√𝑛 𝑛→∞ 2√𝑛
1
√𝑛 1
1 √𝑛 = 0 𝑝𝑜𝑟 𝑙𝑜 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑜 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑔𝑒 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑎 0.
lim = 1 =
𝑛→∞ 2√𝑛 √𝑛 2 2
2𝑛
35. lim 𝑒 𝑛+2
𝑛→∞
2𝑛
2𝑛 2𝑛 2
lim ln(𝑒)𝑛+1 = lim ln(𝑒) = lim = 1 = 2. 𝑝𝑜𝑟 𝑙𝑜 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑜 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑔𝑒 𝑎 𝑒 2 .
𝑛→∞ 𝑛→∞ 𝑛+2 𝑛→∞ 𝑛+2
(2𝑛−1)!
37. { (2𝑛+1)! }
1 1 1
{ } = lim = lim = 0.
(
2𝑛 2𝑛 + 1) 𝑛→∞ (
2𝑛 2𝑛 + 1) 𝑛→∞ ∞∗∞
𝑝𝑜𝑟 𝑙𝑜 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑜 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑔𝑒 𝑎 𝑐𝑒𝑟𝑜.
𝑒 𝑛 +𝑒 −𝑛
39. { 𝑒 2𝑛−1
}
𝑒 𝑛 + 𝑒 −𝑛 𝑒𝑛 1 1
lim 2𝑛
= lim 2𝑛
= lim 𝑛 = = 0.
𝑛→∞ 𝑒 −1 𝑛→∞ 𝑒 𝑛→∞ 𝑒 ∞
𝑝𝑜𝑟 𝑙𝑜 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑜 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑔𝑒 𝑎 𝑐𝑒𝑟𝑜.
41. {𝑛2 𝑒 −𝑛 }
𝑛2 2 2
lim 𝑛2 𝑒 −𝑛 = lim = lim 𝑛 = = 0.
𝑛→∞ 𝑛→∞ 𝑒 𝑛 𝑛→∞ 𝑒 ∞
𝑎𝑝𝑙𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑜 𝐿′ℎ𝑜𝑠𝑝𝑖𝑡𝑎𝑙.
cos(𝑥)
lim =1
𝑥→0 1
𝑝𝑜𝑟 𝑙𝑜 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑜 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑔𝑒 𝑎 1.
2 𝑛
47. 𝑎𝑛 = (1 + 𝑛)
2 𝑛 2 𝑛
𝑥 = lim (1 + ) → ln(𝑥) = lim ln (1 + )
𝑛→∞ 𝑛 𝑛→∞ 𝑛
2
ln (1 + 𝑛)
2 1
ln(𝑥) = lim 𝑛 ln (1 + ) → ln(𝑥) = lim
𝑛→∞ 𝑛 𝑛→∞ 𝑛
1
𝑡=
𝑛
2
lim 1 + 2𝑡 → ln(𝑥) = lim 2
𝑡→0 1 𝑡→0 1 + 2𝑡
ln(𝑥) = 2 → 𝑒 ln(𝑥) = 𝑒 𝑛
𝑥 = 𝑒 2 . 𝑝𝑜𝑟 𝑙𝑜 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑜 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑔𝑒
49.𝑎𝑛 = ln(2𝑛2 + 1) − ln(𝑛2 − 1)
2𝑛2 + 1
lim ln [ 2 ]
𝑛→∞ 𝑛 −1
2𝑛2 + 2 1 1
lim ln [ 2
− 2 ] → lim ln [2 − 2 ]
𝑛→∞ 𝑛 −1 𝑛 +1 𝑛→∞ 𝑛 +1
1
ln [2 − ] = ln(2 − 0)=ln 2.
∞
𝑛!
lim
𝑛→∞ 2𝑛
1 ∗ 2 ∗ 3 ∗ … ∗ (𝑛 − 1)𝑛
lim
𝑛→∞ 2∗2∗2∗2∗2
1 2 3 𝑛−1 𝑛
lim ∗ ∗ [ …∗ ∗ ]
𝑛→∞ 2 2 2 2 2
1 2
lim ∗ ∗ ∞ = ∞. 𝑝𝑜𝑟 𝑙𝑜 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑜 𝑑𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑔𝑒.
𝑛→∞ 2 2
1- Dibuje una gráfica para demostrar que
Despues:
El área de la curva es mayor a la de los rectángulos entonces:
6
∫1 𝑓(𝑥)𝑑𝑥< ∑6𝑖=2 𝑎𝑖
6
∑6𝑖=2 𝑎𝑖 < ∫1 𝑓(𝑥)𝑑𝑥 < ∑5𝑖=1 𝑎𝑖
1
3.-∑∞
𝑛=1 5
√𝑛
1
1
5 =𝑥 −5 = 𝑥 −0.2 (es decreciente y positiva)
√𝑛
∞ 𝑡 𝑥 0.8
∫1 𝑥 −0.2𝑑𝑥 = 𝑙𝑖𝑚 ∫1 𝑥 −0.2𝑑𝑥 = 𝑙𝑖𝑚 [ ] 𝑡
1
𝑡→∞ 𝑡→∞ 0.8
𝑥 0.8 1
= 𝑙𝑖𝑚 -
𝑡→∞ 0.8 0.8
1
=∞ − 0.8=∞
La serie diverge
1
4.- ∑∞
𝑛=1 𝑛5
1
= 𝑛−5 (es decreciente y positiva)
𝑛5
∞ 𝑡 𝑥 −4
∫1 𝑥 −5𝑑𝑥= 𝑙𝑖𝑚 ∫1 𝑥 −5𝑑𝑥= 𝑙𝑖𝑚 [ ] 𝑡
1
𝑡→∞ 𝑡→∞ −4
1 1
= 𝑙𝑖𝑚 - +
𝑡→∞ 4𝑡 4 4
1 1
=0+ =
4 4
1
La serie converge en
4
1
5.- ∑∞
𝑛=1 (2𝑛+1)3
1
=(2𝑛 + 1)−3 (decreciente positiva)
(2𝑛+1)3
∞ 𝑡
−3
∫ (2𝑥 + 1) = 𝑙𝑖𝑚 ∫ (2𝑥 + 1)−3
1 𝑡→∞ 1
u=(2𝑥 + 1)
du=2dx
1 ∞ 1 𝑢−2
∫ 𝑢−3𝑑𝑢 = [ ]
2 1 2 −2
1
=- [(2𝑛 + 1)−2] 𝑡
1
4
1
𝑙𝑖𝑚 - [(2𝑛 + 1)−2] 𝑡
1
𝑡→∞ 4
1 1
𝑙𝑖𝑚 - [(2𝑡 + 1)−2]- [(2(1) + 1)−2]
𝑡→∞ 4 4
1 1
𝑙𝑖𝑚 - [(2∞ + 1)−2]- [(2(1) + 1)−2]
𝑡→∞ 4 4
1 1 1
𝑙𝑖𝑚 - ( − )
𝑡→∞ 4 (2∞+1)2 (2(1)+1)2
1 1
𝑙𝑖𝑚 - (0- )
𝑡→∞ 4 9
1
𝑙𝑖𝑚
𝑡→∞ 32
1
converge a
36
1
6.- ∑∞
𝑛=1 √𝑛+4
1
∞ 1 𝑡 1 𝑡
∫1 𝑑𝑥= 𝑙𝑖𝑚 ∫1 𝑑𝑥= 𝑙𝑖𝑚 ∫1 (𝑥 + 4)−2 𝑑𝑥
√𝑛+4 𝑡→∞ √ 𝑥+4 𝑡→∞
1
𝑡
𝑙𝑖𝑚 2 [(𝑥 + 4)2 ] 1
𝑡→∞
1 1
𝑙𝑖𝑚 2 [(𝑡 + 4)2] − 2 [(1 + 4)2]
𝑡→∞
1 1
𝑙𝑖𝑚 2(∞2-52 )
𝑡→∞
=∞
Diverge
𝑛
7.-∑∞
𝑛=1 𝑛2 +1
∞ 𝑛 𝑡 𝑥
∫1 = 𝑙𝑖𝑚 ∫1
𝑛2 +1 𝑡→∞ 𝑥 2 +1
𝑢 = 𝑥2 + 1
𝑑𝑢 = 2𝑥
1 𝑡 𝑑𝑢 1
∫ = ln|u|
2 1 𝑢 2
1
= ln|𝑥 2 + 1|
2
1
𝑙𝑖𝑚 ln|𝑥 2 + 1| 𝑡
1
𝑡→∞ 2
1 1
𝑙𝑖𝑚 ln|𝑡 2 + 1|- ln|12 + 1|
𝑡→∞ 2 2
1 1
𝑙𝑖𝑚 ln|∞2 + 1|- ln|12 + 1|
𝑡→∞ 2 2
=∞
Diverge
10.-∑∞
𝑛=3 𝑛 −0.9999
1
𝑛−0.9999 =
𝑛0.9999
p=0.9999
0.9999<1
La serie es divergente
1 1 1 1
11.- 1+ + + + +......
8 27 64 125
1 1 1 1 1
1+ + + + +...... = ∑∞
𝑛=1
8 27 64 125 𝑛3
p=3
3>1
la serie es convergente
1 1 1 1
12.-1+ + + +
2√2 3√3 4√4 5√5
1 1 1 1 1 1
1+ + + + =∑∞
𝑛=1 = ∑∞
𝑛=1 3
2√2 3√3 4√4 5√5 𝑛√𝑛 𝑛2
3
p=
2
3
>1
2
la serie converge
1 1 1 1
13.-1+ + + +
3 5 7 9
1 1 1 1 1
1+ + + + =∑∞
𝑛=1
3 5 7 9 2𝑛−1
∞ 1
∫1 𝑑𝑥
2𝑥−1
u=2x-1
du=2
1 ∞ 𝑑𝑢
∫
2 1 𝑢
1
ln(u) +c
2
1 𝑡
ln (2x-1) 1
2
1 1
ln (2∞-1)- ln (2(1)-1)
2 2
=∞
Es divergente
1 1 1 1
14.- + + + +....
5 8 11 14
1 1 1 1 1
+ + + +....=∑∞
𝑛=1
5 8 11 14 3𝑛+2
u= 3x+2
du=3
1 𝑡 𝑑𝑢
∫
3 1 𝑢
1 1 𝑡
ln(u) = ln(3x+2) 1
3 3
1 1
ln(3t+2)- ln(3(1)+2)
3 3
1 1
ln(3∞+2)- ln(3)+2)
3 3
=∞
Diverge
√𝑛+4
15.-∑∞
𝑛=1 𝑛2
1
(𝑛)2 +4
=∑∞
𝑛=1 𝑛2
4
=∑∞
𝑛=1 −
1
𝑛2 (𝑛) 2
4
=∑∞
𝑛=1 3
𝑛2
3
p=
2
3
>1
2
Converge
𝑛2
16.-∑∞
𝑛=1 𝑛3 +1
∞ 𝑛2 𝑡 𝑥2
∫1 𝑑𝑥= 𝑙𝑖𝑚 ∫1 𝑑𝑥
𝑛3 +1 𝑡→∞ 𝑥 3 +1
𝑢 = 𝑥3 + 1
𝑑𝑢 = 2𝑥 2
1 𝑡 𝑑𝑢
∫ 𝑑𝑥
2 1 𝑢
1
ln(u)
2
1
ln(𝑥 3 + 1) 𝑡
1
2
1 1
𝑙𝑖𝑚 ln(𝑡 3 + 1) - ln((1)3 + 1)
𝑡→∞ 2 2
𝑙𝑖𝑚 ∞
𝑡→∞
Diverge
1
17.-∑∞
𝑛=1 𝑛2 +4
∞ 1 𝑡 1
∫1 = 𝑙𝑖𝑚 ∫1
𝑛2 +4 𝑡→∞ 𝑥 2 +4
1 −1 𝑥 𝑡
= [𝑡𝑎𝑛 ( )] 1
2 2
1 −1 −1 1
= (𝑡𝑎𝑛 (∞)- 𝑡𝑎𝑛 ( ))
2 2
1 𝜋 −1 1
= ( − 𝑡𝑎𝑛 ( ))
2 2 2
Convergente
3𝑛−4
18.-∑∞
𝑛=3 𝑛2 −2𝑛
3𝑛−4 3𝑛−4
∑∞
𝑛=3 > ∑∞
𝑛=3
𝑛(𝑛−2) (𝑛)(𝑛)
3𝑛−4 3 4
∑∞
𝑛=3 =∑∞
𝑛=3 −
(𝑛)(𝑛) 𝑛 𝑛2
p=2
2>1
3𝑛−4
∑∞
𝑛=3 diverge
(𝑛)(𝑛)
entonces
3𝑛−4
∑∞
𝑛=3 Diverge
𝑛(𝑛−2)
19.
∞
ln 𝑛
∑
𝑛3
𝑛=1
∞ 𝑡
ln 𝑥 ln 𝑥 ln 𝑥 𝑡
∫ 3 𝑑𝑥 = lim ∫ 3 𝑑𝑥 = lim [∫ 3 𝑑𝑥]
𝑥 𝑡⟶∞ 𝑥 𝑡⟶∞ 𝑥 1
1 1
1 𝑑(ln 𝑥 ) 1 𝑡
= lim [ln 𝑥 ∫ 𝑑𝑥 − ∫ [ ∫ 𝑑𝑥] 𝑑𝑥]
𝑡⟶∞ 𝑥3 𝑑𝑥 𝑥3 1
−1 1 −1 𝑡
= lim [ln 𝑥 ∙ − ∫ ∙ 𝑑𝑥]
𝑡⟶∞ 2𝑥 2 𝑥 2𝑥 2 1
ln 𝑥 1 𝑡
= lim [− + ∫ 𝑑𝑥]
𝑡⟶∞ 2𝑥 2 2𝑥 3 1
ln 𝑥 1 𝑡
= lim [− − ]
𝑡⟶∞ 2𝑥 2 4𝑥 2 1
1 ln 𝑡 1 1
= lim ( − 2 − 2 ) =
𝑡⟶∞ 4 2𝑡 4𝑡 4
∴ 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑔𝑒
20.
∞
1
∑
𝑛2 + 6𝑛 + 13
𝑛=1
∞
1
∑
(𝑛 + 3)2 + 22
𝑛=1
𝑡
1 1 𝑥+3 𝑡
= lim ∫ 𝑑𝑥 = lim [ tan ]
𝑡⟶∞ (𝑥 + 3)2 + 22 𝑡⟶∞ 2 2 1
1
1 −1
𝑡+3 1 −1
4
= lim [( tan ) − ( tan )]
𝑡⟶∞ 2 2 2 2
1 1
= tan−1 ∞ − tan−1 (2)
2 2
𝜋 1 1
= − tan−1(2) = (𝜋 − tan−1 (2))
2 2 2
∴ 𝑑𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑔𝑒
21.
∞
1
∑
𝑛 ln 𝑛
𝑛=2
𝑡
1 𝑡
lim ∫ 𝑑𝑥 = [ln[ln 𝑥 ]]
𝑡⟶∞ 𝑥 ln 𝑥 2
2
= ln(ln 𝑡) − ln(ln 2)
=∞
∴ 𝑑𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑔𝑒
22.
∞
1
∑
𝑛 ln 𝑛
𝑛=2
𝑡
1
lim ∫ 𝑑𝑥
𝑡⟶∞ 𝑥 ln2 𝑥
2
𝑑𝑥
u = ln 𝑛 ; 𝑑𝑢 =
𝑥
𝑡
𝑑𝑢 −1 ]
𝑡 −1 ]
𝑡 1
lim ∫ = [−𝑢 = [ −(ln 𝑥) = −
𝑡⟶∞ 𝑢2 2 2 ln 𝑥
2
∴ 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑔𝑒
23.
∞
𝑒1/𝑛
∑ 2
𝑛
𝑛=1
∞ 1/𝑥
𝑒 1/𝑥
∞
∫ 2
𝑑𝑥 = [𝑒 ] = (−𝑒 0 ) − (−𝑒1 ) = −1 + 𝑒
1 𝑥 1
∴ 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑔𝑒
24.
∞
𝑛2
∑ 𝑛
𝑒
𝑛=1
∴ 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑔𝑒
25.
∞
1
∑
𝑛2 + 𝑛3
𝑛=1
∴ 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑔𝑒
26.
∞
𝑛
∑
𝑛2 + 1
𝑛=1
𝑡
𝑛 1 −1 2 ]
𝑡
lim ∫ 𝑑𝑥 = lim [ [tan 𝑥 ]
𝑡⟶∞ 𝑥2 + 1 𝑡⟶∞ 2 1
1
1 𝑡
= lim [ [[tan−1 𝑡 2 ] − [tan−1 12 ]]]
𝑡⟶∞ 2 1
1 𝜋 𝜋 1 𝜋 𝜋
= ( − ) = ( )( ) =
2 2 4 2 4 8
27.
∞
cos 𝜋𝑛
∑
𝑛
𝑛=1
28.
∞
cos 2 𝑥
∑
1 + 𝑛2
𝑛=1
3𝑛+2 3𝑛 32 3
28) 𝑎𝑛 = = = ( )𝑛 9
5𝑛 5𝑛 5
3 3
𝑟= < 1; 𝑝𝑜𝑟 𝑙𝑜 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑜 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑔𝑒
5 5
27 27
3 𝑛 5 27
lim 9( ) = = 5 =
𝑛→∞ 5 3 2 2
1−5 5
2𝜋𝑛
29) 𝑎𝑛 = 𝑡𝑔( )
1+8𝑛
𝑛+1
30) 𝑎𝑛 =√
𝑛+9
1 1 1
𝑛+1 𝑛(1 + 𝑛) 1+𝑛 1+∞
lim √ = lim √ = lim √ =√ = √1 = 1; 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑔𝑒
𝑛→∞ 𝑛 + 9 𝑛→∞ 9 𝑛→∞ 9 9
𝑛(1 + 𝑛) 1+𝑛 1+∞
𝑛2
31) 𝑎𝑛 =
√𝑛3 +4𝑛
𝑛2 𝑛2 1 1
lim = lim = lim = = ∞; 𝑑𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑔𝑒
𝑛→∞ √𝑛3 + 4𝑛 𝑛→∞ 𝑛→∞
𝑛2 √1 4
𝑛 + 𝑛3
1+ 4
√
𝑛 𝑛3
1 4
∞ + ∞3
√
2𝑛
32) 𝑎𝑛 =𝑒 𝑛+2
2 2
2𝑛
1+2 1+∞2
lim 𝑒𝑛+2 = lim 𝑒 𝑛= 𝑒 = 𝑒 2 ; 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑔𝑒
𝑛→∞ 𝑛→∞
(−1)𝑛
33) 𝑎𝑛 =
2√𝑛
𝑛
(−1)
lim = ∞; 𝑑𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑔𝑒
𝑛→∞ 2√𝑛
(−1)𝑛+1 𝑛
34) 𝑎𝑛 =
𝑛 + √𝑛
𝑛+1
(−1) 𝑛 𝑛 1 1
lim = lim = lim = = 1; 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑔𝑒
𝑛→∞ 𝑛 + √𝑛 𝑛→∞ 𝑛 + √𝑛 𝑛→∞ 1 1
1+ 1+
√𝑛3 √∞3
𝑛
35) 𝑎𝑛 = cos ( )
2
𝑛
lim cos ( ) = cos(∞) = ∞; 𝑑𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑔𝑒
𝑛→∞ 2
2
36) 𝑎𝑛 = cos ( )
𝑛
2 2
lim cos ( ) = cos ( ) = cos(0) = 1; 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑔𝑒
𝑛→∞ 𝑛 ∞