Acta Agronómica

ISSN: 0120-2812
actaagronomica@palmira.unal.edu.co
Universidad Nacional de Colombia
Colombia

Muñoz M., Aida M.; Vallejo C., Franco A.; Sánchez O., Manuel S.
Morfología y anatomía de las flores y semillas de pronto alivio
Acta Agronómica, vol. 56, núm. 1, 2007, pp. 7-11
Universidad Nacional de Colombia
Palmira, Colombia

Disponible en: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=169920474002

Cómo citar el artículo

Número completo
Sistema de Información Científica
Más información del artículo Red de Revistas Científicas de América Latina, el Caribe, España y Portugal
Página de la revista en redalyc.org Proyecto académico sin fines de lucro, desarrollado bajo la iniciativa de acceso abierto
 0RUIRORJtD\DQDWRPtDGHODVÁRUHV\VHPLOODVGHSURQWRDOLYLR

0RUSKRORJ\DQGDQDWRP\RIÁRZHUVDQGVHHGVRI/LSSLDDOED

$LGD00XxR]0)UDQFR$9DOOHMR&0DQXHO66iQFKH]2
5(&,%,'2',&,(0%5($&(37$'2)(%5(52


 ,QJ$JU 06F )DFXOWDG GH &LHQFLDV$JURSHFXDULDV 8QLYHUVLGDG 1DFLRQDO GH &RORPELD$$  3DOPLUD 9DOOH$XWRU SDUD FRUUHVSRQGHQFLD
DPPXQR]P#SDOPLUDXQDHGXFR

 ,QJ$JU3K')DFXOWDGGH&LHQFLDV$JURSHFXDULDV8QLYHUVLGDG1DFLRQDOGH&RORPELD$$3DOPLUD9DOOHIDYDOOHMRF#SDOPLUDXQDHGXFR

 ,QJ$JU06F)DFXOWDGGH&LHQFLDV$JURSHFXDULDV8QLYHUVLGDG1DFLRQDOGH&RORPELD$$3DOPLUD9DOOHPVVDQFKH]R#SDOPLUDXQDOHGXFR

5(680(1
(QODGHVFULSFLyQVHXWLOL]DURQWUHVDFFHVLRQHVGH/LSSLDDOEDSURYHQLHQWHVGH/ODQRV2ULHQWDOHV\9DOOH&RORPELD\&RVWD5LFD&HQWUR$PpULFD
/DVLQÁRUHVFHQFLDVVRQHVSLJDVUDFHPRVDVVLPSOHVGHÁRUHVVpVLOHVFRORUOLODSiOLGR\GLVSXHVWDVDORODUJRGHOUDTXLVORFDOL]DGDVHQODVD[LODVHQ
SDUHV\RSXHVWDV/DVÁRUHVGLVSXHVWDVHQUDPDVSULQFLSDOHVVHFXQGDULDV\WHUFLDULDVSUHVHQWDQGRVVpSDORVEODQFRVSXEHVFHQWHV\PLGHQPP
GHORQJLWXG&XEULHQGRFDGDSDUGHVpSDORVKD\XQDEUiFWHDYHUGHRYDGD\SRVHHXQDORQJLWXGHQWUH\PP8QDÁRUDELHUWDPLGHKDVWDPP
\HQWUH\PPGHDQFKR6RQJDPRSpWDODV]LJRPRUIDVSXEHVFHQWHVWXEXODUHVGHFRORUOLODELODELDGDVFRQFXDWURSpWDORVKLSyJLQDVJLQHFHR
VLQFiUSLFR\ELFDUSHODURYDULRV~SHURYHUGHEODQTXHFLQRHVWLOREODQTXHFLQR\HVWLJPDDPDULOORYHUGRVR\IRUPDFDSLWDGD/DVDQWHUDVPLGHQ
PPGHODUJR(OIUXWRHVGLDTXHQLRPLGHDOUHGHGRUGHPPGHODUJR\PPGHDQFKRHOSHULFDUSLRHVEODQFRGXUR\VHFRHOHSLFDUSLRHVGXUR
FDIp\SXEHVFHQWH/DVHPLOODHVWULDQJXODU\PLGHHQWUHPPGHODUJR\PPGHDQFKR
3DODEUDVFODYHV/LSSLDDOED9HUEHQDFHDHELRORJtDÁRUDOVHPLOODV

6800$5<
)RU GHVFULSWLRQ WKUHH DFFHVLRQV RI / DOED IURP /ODQRV 2ULHQWDOHV DQG 9DOOH &RORPELD DQG &RVWD 5LFD &HQWUDO$PHULFD ZHUH XVHG 7KH
LQÁRUHVFHQFHVDUHVLPSOHVDQGUDFHPRVHV7KHÁRZHUVDUHVPDOOVHVVLOHVOLODFFRORUGLVSRVHGWURXJKWRIWKHUDFKLVORFDOL]DWHGLQWKHD[LOODVFRXSOHG
DQGDSSRVLWHG7KHÁRZHUVLQSULPDU\VHFRQGDU\DQGWHUWLDU\EUDQFKHVSUHVHQWWZRZKLWHVHSDOVSXEHVFHQWVZLWKPPRIOHQJWK7KHUHLVDJUHHQ
EUDFWFRYHULQJWKHVHSDOVZLWKDOHQJWKEHWZHHQDQGPP$QRSHQQHGÁRZHUPHDVXUHVXSWRPPDQGEHWZHHQDQGPPRIZLGH
7KH\DUHJDPRSHWDORXV]\JRPRUSKLFSXEHVFHQWVWXEXODUVELODELDWHVZLWKIRXUSHWDOVK\SRJ\QRXVV\QFDUSLFJ\QDHFHXPZLWKWZRFDUSHOVXSSHU
RYDU\ZKLWHJUHHQVW\OH\HOORZJUHHQLVKVWLJPD7KHDQWKHUVPHDVXUHPPRIOHQJWK7KHIUXLWLVDGLDFKHQHZLWKWZRVPDOOVHHGVLWVIUXLWVL]H
LVDURXQGPPRIOHQJWKDQGPPRIZLGHZKLWHKDUGDQGGU\FRIIHHSHULFDUSSXEHVFHQWDQGKDUGHSLFDUS7KHVHHGKDGDWULDQJXODUIRUP
ZKLFKPHDVXUHEHWZHHQPPLQOHQJWKDQGPPZLGH
.H\ZRUGV/LSSLDDOED9HUEHQDFHDHÁRUDOELRORJ\VHHGV

,1752'8&&,Ð1 QLYHO GHO PDU KDVWD  P 0DUWtQH] HW DO 
(OSURQWRDOLYLR/LSSLDDOED²9HUEHQDFHDHHV 2UHOODQDHWDO%DMRFXOWLYRVHGHVDUUROODPHMRU
XQDUEXVWRGHPUDPDVGHFUHFLPLHQWRGHWHUPLQDGR HQVXHORVIUDQFRDIUDQFRDUHQRVRVHQWUH\ž&\
HVSDUFLGDVDOJRGHQVDVSXEHUXOHQWDV\HVWULJRVDVKRMDV SUHFLSLWDFLyQHQWUH\PPDQXDOHV2UHOODQD
RSXHVWDVRDOJXQDVYHFHVDOWHUQDGDVGHOiPLQDREORQJD HWDO3UHVHQWDDOWDFRQFHQWUDFLyQGHPRQRWHU
/RVSHFtRORVPLGHQPPGHODUJRODVKRMDV² SHQRVVHVTXLWHUSHQRV\FRPSXHVWRVR[LJHQDGRVDFHLWHV
FP REORQJDV ODQFHRODGDV REORQJR RYDGRV DJXGRV HVHQFLDOHV\FRPRFRPSRQHQWHPD\RULWDULRODFDUYRQD
XREWXVRVFXQHDGRRDWHQXDGRHQODEDVH6WDQGOH\\ VHJXLGRSRUHOOLPRQHQR6WDVKHQNR
:LOOLDPV(VXQDHVSHFLHSHUHQQH6HFXOWLYDHQ $XQTXHODIRUPDPiVSUiFWLFD\FRQYHQLHQWHHV
SDWLRV\MDUGLQHV(QHVWDGRVLOYHVWUHFUHFHHQODGHUDV ODUHSURGXFFLyQSRUHVTXHMHVHVWHVLVWHPDFRQGXFHD
D OD RULOOD GH FDPLQRV \ ULEHUDV GH ORV UtRV GHVGH HO ODSHUSHWXDFLyQGHJHQRWLSRVVXSHULRUHVSHURJHQpWLFD


$&7$$*521&2/20%,$92/S
PHQWHLGpQWLFRV(OSUHVHQWHWUDEDMRVHUHDOL]yGHQWURGHO
SUR\HFWR´5HFXUVRVJHQpWLFRVGHSODQWDVPHGLFLQDOHV
DURPiWLFDV \ FRQGLPHQWDULDV FROHFFLyQ HYDOXDFLyQ
SURGXFFLyQ\SRVFRVHFKDµ\WXYRFRPRÀQHVWXGLDUOD
PRUIRORJtD\DQDWRPtDGHODVÁRUHV\VHPLOODVGH/
DOED
0$7(5,$/(6<0e72'26
(OWUDEDMRVHUHDOL]yHQHO&HQWUR([SHULPHQWDOž
·1\ž·:PXQLFLSLRGH&DQGHODULDGHSDUWD
PHQWRGHO9DOOHGHO&DXFDPVQPSUHFLSLWDFLyQ
SURPHGLR DQXDO GH  PP  ž& \  KXPHGDG
OL]DUHVWHSURFHVRVHREVHUYDURQODVHVWUXFWXUDVHQHO
HVWHUHRVFRSLR\VHUHDOL]yHOUHJLVWURIRWRJUiÀFR
5(68/7$'26<',6&86,Ð1
0RUIRORJtDÁRUDO
/DVLQÁRUHVFHQFLDVGH/DOEDVHVLW~DQHQODVD[L
ODVGHODVKRMDV\GHORVQXGRV\GHPDQHUDRSXHVWDHQ
UDPDVSULQFLSDOHVVHFXQGDULDV\WHUFLDULDV/DGLVWDQFLD
HQWUHLQÁRUHVFHQFLDVYDUtDGHDFPGHSHQGLHQGRGH
ODHGDGGHODSODQWD/DVKRMDVVRQYHUWLFLODGDV'HVGH
ORVSULPHURVHVWDGRVVHGLIHUHQFLDQOD\HPDUHSURGXFWLYD
UHODWLYDSURPHGLRGLDULDGH\HQORVODERUDWRULRV ERWyQÁRUDO\ODYHJHWDWLYDUDPD$GLFLRQDOPHQWH
GHOD8QLYHUVLGDG1DFLRQDOGH&RORPELD6HHVWXGLDURQ VXUJHQHQWUHGRV\RFKRKRMDV(OWDPDxRGHODVLQÁRUHV
WUHV DFFHVLRQHV GH / DOED SURFHGHQWHV GH 9DOOH GHO FHQFLDVYDULyHQWUH[PP\[PP/D)LJXUD
&DXFD\ORV/ODQRV2ULHQWDOHV&RORPELD\&RVWD5LFD SUHVHQWDHOHVTXHPDGHXQDUDPDODSRVLFLyQGHODV
&HQWUR$PpULFD LQÁRUHVFHQFLDV\ODVGLPHQVLRQHVGHDOJXQDVHVWUXFWXUDV
3DUDHVWXGLDUODPRUIRORJtD\GLQiPLFDÁRUDOVH ÁRUDOHVGH/DOED
XWLOL]DURQHVWDFDVOHxRVDVFRQWUHVRFXDWUR\HPDVODV
FXDOHVVHHQUDL]DURQGXUDQWHGtDVHQXQVXVWUDWRGH
FDFKD]D\FDUERQLOODHQSURSRUFLyQ6HVHPEUDURQ
SODQWDVGHFDGDDFFHVLyQHQWUHVVXUFRVGLVWDQFLDGRV
DP\DPHQWUHSODQWDVGLVWULEXLGDVHQWUHV
EORTXHV
6HREVHUYDURQDOHVWHUHRVFRSLRFRUWHVWUDQVYHUVDOHV
\ORQJLWXGLQDOHVGHERWRQHV\GHÁRUHVDELHUWDVIUHVFDV
\FRQVHUYDGDVHQHWDQRODO6HHYDOXDURQORVFDUDF
WHUHVORQJLWXGH[WHUQDHLQWHUQDGHODÁRUGLiPHWURGH
ODFRURODGLiPHWURLQWHUQRGHOSHULDQWR\GLPHQVLRQHV
GHO JLQHFHR \ GH ORV HVWDPEUHV 6H GHVFULELHURQ ORV
GLIHUHQWHVHVWDGRVGHGHVDUUROOR\FDUDFWHUtVWLFDVGHODV
ÁRUHVHQODLQÁRUHVFHQFLD6HUHJLVWUDURQGHWDOOHVVREUH
ODLQVHUFLyQ\Q~PHURGHODVSLH]DVÁRUDOHVSRVLFLyQ
RUJDQL]DFLyQ\FDUDFWHUtVWLFDVDQDWyPLFDV6HWRPDURQ
IRWRJUDItDV\VHGLEXMDURQFRQGHWDOOHORVHVTXHPDV6H
HVWDEOHFLyHOGLDJUDPD\ODIyUPXODÁRUDO%HFHUUD\
&KDSDUUR
3DUDGHWHUPLQDUODGLVSRVLFLyQ\ODLQVHUFLyQGH )LJXUDD(VTXHPDGHXQDUDPD\GHODVHVWUXFWXUDVÁRUDOHVGH/
DOEDDUDPDODVÁHFKDVPXHVWUDQODGLVSRVLFLyQGHODVLQÁRUHVFHQFLDV
ERWRQHV ÁRUDOHV \ GH ODV ÁRUHV VH UHDOL]DURQ SODFDV HQODUDPDELQÁRUHVFHQFLDHQIRUPDGHHVSLJD\SHGXQFXODGD
KLVWROyJLFDV GH ODV LQIORUHVFHQFLDV LQPDGXUDV /DV %UiFWHDVFiOL]FXELHUWRSRUXQDEUiFWHD&RURODWXEXODUFLOtQGULFD
F ÁRU DELHUWD G JLQHFHR H DQWHUDV RYDGDV  I IUXWR GLDTXHQLR
PXHVWUDV VH ÀMDURQ HQ XQD VROXFLyQ $)$  PO GH
DOFRKRODOPOGHIRUPRODO\POGH
iFLGRDFpWLFRDOGXUDQWHKRUDVDWHPSHUDWXUD (QOD)LJXUDVHSUHVHQWDQODVSODFDVKLVWROyJLFDV
DPELHQWH6HUHDOL]DURQORVSURFHVRVQRUPDOHVGHORV GHLQÁRUHVFHQFLDVLQPDGXUDVHQYLVWDORQJLWXGLQDO\
HVWXGLRVKLVWROyJLFRV WUDQVYHUVDO(QOD)LJXUDDVHREVHUYDQORVERWRQHV
/DVVHPLOODVDOPDFHQDGDVGXUDQWHWUHVVHPDQDV
VH UHPRMDURQ GXUDQWH  KRUDV VH UHDOL]DURQ FRUWHV
WUDQVYHUVDOHV\ORQJLWXGLQDOHV\VHGHMDURQHQFDMDVGH
3HWULFRQVROXFLRQHVGHWHWUD]ROLRDO\DO
GXUDQWH\KRUDVDWHPSHUDWXUDDPELHQWHFRQHO
ÀQGHREVHUYDUODWLQFLyQGHORVWHMLGRVYLYRV$OÀQD

ÁRUDOHVDORODUJRGHOHMHUDTXLVHQODSDUWHVXSHULRU
ORVERWRQHVÁRUDOHVHQIRUPDFLyQ\HQODSDUWHLQIHULRU
ORV PiV GHVDUUROODGRV D SXQWR GH DEULU FDGD ERWyQ
DFRPSDxDGRGHEUiFWHDV(QWUHERWRQHV\EUiFWHDVVH
HQFXHQWUDQORVVpSDORV/D)LJXUDEPXHVWUDXQFRUWH
WUDQVYHUVDOGHODLQÁRUHVFHQFLDHQODSDUWHFHQWUDOHVWi
 $,'$0<5,$108f2=0025)2/2*Ì$<$1$720Ì$'(/$6)/25(6<6(0,//$6'(352172$/,9,2

HOUDTXLVURGHiQGRORVHHQFXHQWUDQORVERWRQHVÁRUDOHV )LWRJUDItDGHODÁRUGH/LSSLDDOED
PiVMyYHQHV\KDFLDODSDUWHH[WHUQDYHVWLJLRVGHODV /DVÁRUHVVRQKLSyJLQDV)LJXUDD(OJLQHFHR
EUiFWHDV V~SHURRYDULROLEUHGHIRUPDFXDGUDGDXQLGRDOUDTXLV
/DVLQÁRUHVFHQFLDVGH/DOEDVRQSHGXQFXODGDV VyORSRUODEDVHORVYHUWLFLORVÁRUDOHVVHKDOODQSRUHQ
\ FDGD XQD SXHGH OOHJDU D FRQWHQHU KDVWD  ÁRUHV FLPDGHODEDVH/DFRURODGHIRUPDWXEXODUORHQYXHOYH
(O DURPD GH ODV ÁRUHV HV IXHUWH \ OODPDWLYR SDUD ORV VLQHVWDUVROGDGDDODEDVHGHOJLQHFHR)LJXUDE/RV
LQVHFWRV HVWDPEUHVHVWiQDGQDWRVDODFRUROD)LJXUDVF\G
(Q OD )LJXUD D VH GHVWDFD XQD UDPD GH SURQWR /DÁRUHVGLFODPtGHDGRVVpSDORVFXEUHQFDGDÁRU
DOLYLR FRQ LQÁRUHVFHQFLDV HQ HO Pi[LPR GHVDUUROOR )LJXUDHI\J$FRPSDxDQGRODFRUROD\HOFDOL]
FRQÁRUHVDELHUWDV\SUy[LPDVDDEULU(QOD)LJXUDE VHHQFXHQWUDXQDEUiFWHDYHUGHRYDGD\DEUXSWDPHQWH
VHSUHVHQWDHOHVWDGRLQLFLDOGHXQDLQÁRUHVFHQFLDFRQ DFXPLQDGDGHDPPHOFiOL]YDULyHQWUH\
ODVGRVSULPHUDVÁRUHVDELHUWDV/D)LJXUDFPXHVWUD PP /D ÁRU SRVHH GRV VpSDORV OLEUHV GLDOLVpSDORV
XQD LQÁRUHVFHQFLD FRQ ÁRUHV HQ WRGRV ORV HVWDGRV GH EODQTXHFLQRVYHOORVRVVHPLWUDQVSDUHQWHVPLGHQKDVWD
GHVDUUROOR HQ OD EDVH OD IRUPDFLyQ GH ORV SULPHURV
IUXWRV (QWUH ODV WUHV DFFHVLRQHV VH GLHURQ OLJHUDV GL
IHUHQFLDVHQWDPDxR\Q~PHURGHLQÁRUHVFHQFLDVSRU
SODQWDQ~PHURGHÁRUHVSRULQÁRUHVFHQFLDV\GXUDFLyQ
GHÁRUHVDELHUWDV
PP)LJXUDH/RVSpWDORVHVWiQXQLGRVSXEHV
FHQWHVWXEXODUHVFRQGHVSOLHJXHHQGLVFRDOÀQDOGH
FRORUOLODWLHQHQFXDWURSpWDORVROyEXORVXQRHQHOODELR
VXSHULRU\WUHVHQHOLQIHULRUHOSULPHURHVDODUJDGR\GH

)LJXUD&RUWHORQJLWXGLQDO\WUDQVYHUVDO
GHLQÁRUHVFHQFLDLQPDGXUDGH/DOEDD
&RUWHORQJLWXGLQDOE&RUWHWUDQVYHUVDOGH
LQÁRUHVFHQFLDLQPDGXUDEUiFWHDVFDEH
]DGHÁHFKDVpSDORVÁHFKDVSXQWHDGDV
ERWRQHV IORUDOHV IOHFKDV QRUPDOHV

)LJXUD  D ,QIORUHVFHQFLDV HQ Pi[LPR GHVDUUROOR FRQ IORUHV DELHUWDV \ SUy[LPDV D DEULU E ,QIORUHVFHQFLD
FRQ VXV GRV SULPHUDV I ORUHV DELHUWDV REVHUYDGD FRQ HO HVWHUHRVFRSLR \ F ,QI ORUHVFHQFLD FRQ I ORUH V
DELHUWDV SUy[LPDV D DEULU VHFDV \ OD IRUPDFLyQ GH ORV SULPHURV IUXWRV HQ OD SDUWH LQIHULRU I OHFKD

FRORUOLODPiVLQWHQVRTXHDODYH]VHVXEGLYLGHHQGRV ODUJRV\XQSDUHQODSDUWHLQIHULRUFRQÀODPHQWRVFRUWRV
RWUHVVHFFLRQHV)LJXUDDDE\F)LJXUD HVWDPEUHVGLGtQDPRV)LJXUDG\H(OJLQHFHRHV
\&XDQGRHVWiQWRWDOPHQWHDELHUWDVPLGHQHQWUH VLQFiUSLFRPLGHPPGHODUJR(ORYDULRHVV~SHUR
\PPGHODUJR\GHDQFKRHQWUH\PP)LJXUD YHUGHEODQTXHFLQRHOHVWLOREODQTXHFLQR\HOHVWLJPD
DE\F/DÁRUHV]LJRPRUID)LJXUDF
DPDULOORYHUGRVRGHIRUPDFDSLWDGD)LJXUDI/D
/RVHVWDPEUHVVHHQFXHQWUDQVROGDGRVDODFRUROD
ÁRUHVKHUPDIURGLWD
HSLSpWDORVXQSDUHQODSDUWHVXSHULRUFRQÀODPHQWRV


$&7$$*521&2/20%,$92/S

)LJXUDD8QSpWDORROyEXORDODUJDGR\FRORULGRHQODSDUWHVXSHULRU
PRVWUDQGRWUHVVHFFLRQHVDE\F\WUHVSpWDORVFRUWRV\GHFRORUD
)LJXUD)LWRJUDItDGHODÁRUGH/DOEDD\E3RVLFLyQGHO*LQHFHR
D&RURODWXEXODU\QRVROGDGDDODEDVHGHOJLQHFHR2YDULR
FLyQSiOLGDHQODSDUWHLQIHULRU\E)ORUDELHUWDFRQFRORUDFLyQ
DPDULOODHQVXVSDUHGHVLQWHUQDVF)ORUGH/DOEDLQGLFDQGRVLPHWUtD
ELODWHUDOG(VWDPEUHVVROGDGRVDODFRURODRUJDQL]DGRVGHIRUPD
VLPpWULFDHQODSDUHGGRVHQODSDUWHVXSHULRUFRQHOÀODPHQWRPiVODU
JR\GRVHQODSDUWHLQIHULRUFRQHOÀODPHQWRPiVFRUWRE&XDWURHVWDP
EUHVODVÁHFKDVGHWDOODQODVGRVDQWHUDVHQFDGDXQRGHHOORVHOWHMLGR
6pSDORV%UiFWHDE$SDULHQFLDGHODEDVHGHODFRUROD7XEXODU FRQHFWLYR\HOÀODPHQWRI*LQHFHR2YDULRD(VWLORE\(VWLJPDF
 )RUPD FXDGUDGD GHO RYDULR GH /  DOED F &XDWUR HVWDPEUHV HQ
HVWDGR LQPDGXUR DGKHULGRV D OD FRUROD G (VWDPEUHV PDGXURV
DGKHULGRVDODFRURODHI\J&RURODSURWHJLGDSRUGRVVpSDORV\XQD (QWUHFRUFKHWHVHVWiHOQ~PHURGHSLH]DVÁRUDOHV
EUiFWHD%UiFWHD6pSDORV&RURODI,QÁRUHVFHQFLDPRVWUDQGR
EUiFWHDV   %UiFWHD J ,QIORUHVFHQFLD PRVWUDQGR GRV VpSDORV GH GLVWLQWRV  YHUWLFLORV TXH VH HQFXHQWUDQ VROGDGRV
TXH DFRPSDxDQ D FDGD ÁRU  %UiFWHD  'RV VpSDORV  &RUROD DGQDWRV \ HQWUH SDUpQWHVLV ODV SLH]DV VROGDGDV TXH
'LDJUDPDÁRUDORHPStULFR
/DUHSUHVHQWDFLyQPHGLDQWHVLJQRVGHORVHOHPHQ
WRVGHODÁRUVHGHWDOODQHQOD)LJXUD/DGLVSRVLFLyQ
GHODVSLH]DVÁRUDOHV\ODRUGHQDFLyQGHORVGLVWLQWRV
YHUWLFLORV VH GHWDOODQ HQ OD )LJXUD  0HGLDQWH XQ
GLDJUDPDÁRUDORHPStULFRVHUHSUHVHQWyODHVWUXFWXUD
IXQGDPHQWDOGHODÁRU/RVVtPERORVUHSUHVHQWDQORV
YHUWLFLORVÁRUDOHV\ORVH[SRQHQWHVLQGLFDQHOQ~PHUR
GH SLH]DV TXH IRUPDQ HO YHUWLFLOR  /RV VtPERORV
HPSOHDGRVIXHURQ
KDFHQSDUWHGHOPLVPRYHUWLFLORFRKHVLyQ7HQLHQGR
HQFXHQWDHOGLDJUDPD´HPStULFRµ\ODIyUPXODÁRUDOOD
ÁRUHV]LJRPRUIDURGHDGDGHGRVVpSDORV\XQDEUiFWHD
FRQFXDWURSpWDORVVROGDGRVHQWUHVLFXDWURHVWDPEUHV
DGKHULGRVDODFRURODRYDULRV~SHURVLQFiUSLFR\FRQ
GRVFDUSHORV
0RUIRDQDWRPtDGHODVVHPLOODV
(O IUXWR HV XQ GLDTXHQLR GH  PP GH ODUJR \
PPGHDQFKRHOSHULFDUSLREODQFRGXUR\VHFR
HO HSLFDUSLR GXUR  FDIp \ SUHVHQWD YHOORVLGDGHV /DV
VHPLOODVQRSRVHHQHQGRVSHUPR6WDQGOH\\:LOOLDPV
6LPHWUtDGHODÁRU .
=LJRPRUID &
*
$FWLQRPRUID
)LJXUD3UHVHQWDXQHQJURVDPLHQWRUHWLFXODGR
FiOL] 3RVLFLyQGHORYDULR
OLJQLILFDGR URGHDQGR HO PLFUySLOR \ OD FDFKD]D HO
&RUROD * 2YDULRtQIHUR
HQGRVSHUPR FHOXODU HV PX\ UHGXFLGR R DXVHQWH HQ
*LQHFHR * 2YDULRV~SHUR
VHPLOODVPDGXUDV&RUQHU
$ $QGURFHR * 2YDULRVHPLtQIHUR
3 3HULJRQLR

)LJXUD6LJQRVXWLOL]DGRVHQODUHSUHVHQWDFLyQGHORVHOHPHQWRVGHODÁRUD%UiFWHDE6pSDORF3pWDORG(VWDPEUH


 $,'$0<5,$108f2=0025)2/2*Ì$<$1$720Ì$'(/$6)/25(6<6(0,//$6'(352172$/,9,2

$ ODV  R  KRUDV ODV VHPLOODV VXPHUJLGDV

HQ HO WHWUD]ROLR HVWDEDQ VHSDUDGDV GHO IUXWR DOJXQDV
WHxLGDV\RWUDVQR$OPRPHQWRGHUHDOL]DUORVFRUWHV
VH GHVFDUWDURQ HO  SRUTXH VH HQFRQWUDEDQ FRQ HO
WHMLGRDFXRVRRQHFURVDGR/RVHQVD\RVGHWLQFLyQFRQ
WHWUD]ROLRQRSUHVHQWDURQGLIHUHQFLDV(QXQRGHHOORVD
ODVKRUDVVRORGRVGHVHPLOODVHVWDEDQWRWDOPHQWH
WHxLGDV)LJXUDHGHUHFKDFRQWLQFLyQSiOLGD\
HVFDVD)LJXUDFVXSHULRU\EODQFDV)LJXUDF
LQIHULRU (VWH UHVXOWDGR LQGLFD PX\ EDMD YLDELOLGDG
GHODVVHPLOODV/DVHPLOODSUHVHQWyIRUPDWULDQJXODU
FRQ GLIHUHQFLDV GH WDPDxRV /DV TXH WLxHURQ SRU OR
JHQHUDOWHQtDQPD\RUWDPDxR(OWDPDxRSURPHGLRGH
ODVVHPLOODVWHxLGDVYDULyHQWUHPPPPGH
.&>$@* ODUJR\PPPPGHDQFKR6LQSUHVHQWDUVH
GLIHUHQFLDVHQODVWUHVDFFHVLRQHV)LJXUD
)LJXUD  'LDJUDPD ÀRUDO ³HPStULFR´ \ IyUPXOD ÀRUDO
GH/DOED $*5$'(&,0,(1726
$O3URJUDPDGH,QYHVWLJDFLyQ´5HFXUVRVJHQpWLFRV
GHSODQWDVPHGLFLQDOHVDURPiWLFDV\FRQGLPHQWDULDV
FROHFFLyQHYDOXDFLyQSURGXFFLyQ\SRVFRVHFKDµSRUOD
ÀQDQFLDFLyQGHODWHVLV3UR\HFWRV&ROFLHQFLDV
)LJXUD6HPLOODVGH/DOEDD'RVDTXHQLRVL]TXLHUGDFRQXQFRUWH
ORQJLWXGLQDOPRVWUDQGRODVHPLOOD'HUHFKDXQDTXHQLRPRVWUDQGR
SHULFDUSLR \ HSLFDUSLR E &RUWH ORQJLWXGLQDO \ OD SUHVHQFLD GH XQD

%,%/,2*5$)Ì$
%HFHUUD/1&KDSDUUR0GH90RUIRORJtD\$QDWRPtD
9HJHWDO%RJRWi8QLYHUVLGDG1DFLRQDOGH&RORPELDS
&RUQHU(-+7KHVHHGRIGLFRW\OHGRQV&DPEULGJH8QLYHU
VLW\3UHVV9ROS
0DUWtQH]$-9%HUQDO+<&iFHUHV$)XQGDPHQWRV
GH$JURWHFQRORJtDGHFXOWLYRGHSODQWDVPHGLFLQDOHVLEHURDPH
ULFDQDV%RJRWi&<7('6(&$%²
2UHOODQD 3 '2 -9 0DUWtQH]$ &iFHUHV$QRWDFLRQHV
VREUHHOFXOWLYRGHSURQWRDOLYLR8QLYHUVLGDGGH6DQ&DUORVGH
*XDWHPDOD*XDWHPDOD
6WDQGOH\3&:LOOLDQV/29HUEHQDFHDH)LHOGLDQD%RWDQ\
9ROSDUWH,;1R
6WDVKHQNR((-DUDPLOOR%(0DUWtQH]-5&RPSDUD
FLyQGHODFRPSRVLFLyQTXtPLFD\GHODDFWLYLGDGDQWLR[LGDQWH
VHPLOOD F G \ H 6HPLOODV GH / DOED F 'LIHUHQWHV WDPDxRV \ LQYLWURGHORVPHWDEROLWRVVHFXQGDULRVYROiWLOHVGHSODQWDVGH
GLIHUHQFLDVHQWLQFLRQHVREWHQLGDVG7DPDxRGHODVVHPLOODVH'RV ODIDPLOLD9HUEHQDFHDH5HY$FDG&RO&LHQF([DFW)LV1DW
VHPLOODVVRPHWLGDVDODVPLVPDVFRQGLFLRQHVGHWLQFLyQL]TXLHUGDQR 9RO²
WHxLGDGHUHFKDWRWDOPHQWHWHxLGD)RWRVWRPDGDVEDMRHOHVWHUHRVFRSLR