UNIT 3

GRAMMAR
1.-DEMONSTRATIVES 3.-SIMPLE PRESENT
(DEMOSTRATIVOS) (PRESENTE SIMPLE)
3.1.-AFFIRMATIVE FORM
SINGULAR (FORMA AFIRMATIVA DEL VERBO)
English Spanish
TO WALK (‘andar’)
this este/ a/ o Simple present / Affirmative form
English Spanish
ese/ a/ o
that
aquel/ aquella/ o 1st S I walk (yo) ando

(tú) andas
2nd S you walk
(usted) anda

3rd S he/she/it walks (él/ ella/ *ello) anda

THAT
1st P we walk (nosotros/ as) andamos
(vosotros/ as) andáis
2nd P you walk
(ustedes) andan

3rd P they walk (ellos/ as) andan

La forma del presente simple se forma quitando la

partícula "to" al infinitivo (“to walk”, ‘andar’; “I walk”, ‘yo
ando’). Es invariable para todas las personas excepto
para la tercera persona del singular (“he”, “she”, “it”)
3
que añade una "-s" o la sílaba "-es" (se aplica la regla
THIS de ortografía del plural de los sustantivos).

3.2.-NEGATIVE FORM
(FORMA NEGATIVA DEL VERBO)
TO WALK (‘andar’)
Simple present / Negative form
PLURAL English Spanish
English Spanish
I do not walk (yo) no ando
1st S I don’t walk
these estos/ as

esos/ as (tú) no andas

you do not walk
those 2nd S you don’t walk
aquellos/ as (usted) no anda
he/she/it does not walk
2.-INFINITIVE, PAST PARTICIPLE AND GERUND 3rd S he/she/it doesn’t walk (él/ ella/ *ello) no anda
(FORMAS IMPERSONALES DEL VERBO) we do not walk (nosotros/ as) no andamos
1st P we don’t walk

English Spanish (vosotros/ as) no andáis

you do not walk
2nd P you don’t walk
(ustedes) no andan
INFINITIVE to walk andar
they do not walk
3rd P they don’t walk (ellos/ as) no andan
PAST walked andado
PARTICIPLE En inglés la forma negativa del verbo se forma con
el auxiliar "to do" en forma negativa, "do not" (“don’t”).
GERUND walking andando
Esto ocurre con todas las personas, salvo en el caso
de la tercera persona del singular, que se forma con
"does not" (“doesn’t”.)

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 Examples:

AFFIRMATIVE NEGATIVE
English Spanish English Spanish
I eat (yo) como I don’t eat (yo) no como
(tú) andas (tú) no andas
(vosotros/ as) andáis (vosotros/ as) no andáis
you walk you do not walk
(usted) anda (usted) no anda
(ustedes) andan (ustedes) no andan
he drinks (él) bebe he does not drink (él) no bebe
she loves (ella) ama she doesn’t love (ella) no ama
it rains llueve it does not rain no llueve
we drive (nosotros/ as) conducimos we don’t drive (nosotros/ as)noconducimos
they swim (ellos/ as) nadan they do not swim (ellos/as) nadan

4.-THE TIME
(LA HORA)

five o’clock
(cinco en punto)
ten to five ten past five
(cinco menos diez) (cinco y diez)

It is... a quarter to five a quarter past five

(cinco menos cuarto) (cinco y cuarto)

3
What time is it? It’s...
(Qué hora es?) (Son las...) half past five
(Es la...) (las cinco y media)
noon
(mediodía)
midnight
(medianoche)

Como se ve en el cuadro, en inglés para decir

la hora se utilizan las expresiones:

"o'clock" (‘en punto’);

"half past" (‘y media’);

"to" (‘menos’);
"past" (‘y’);
“o’clock”
"noon" (‘mediodía’);
"midnight" (‘medianoche’).
A excepción de la expresión "It is ... o'clock"
(son las/ es la ... en punto) la cifra que indica las
horas se pospone a la cifra o expresión que
indica los minutos:
“to”
English Spanish
It is half past one. Es la una y media.

It is twenty to ten. Son las diez menos veinte.

It is nine o’clock. Son las nueve en punto. “past”

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 DAILY SPEAKING

1.-THE TIME What time is it?

(LA HORA)
It’s half past five
Are you sure?

Nuria: What time is it?

Nuria: ¿Qué hora es?
Alicia: It’s half past five. Yes, I am
Alicia: Son las cinco y media.

Nuria: Are you sure?

Nuria: ¿Estás segura?
Alicia: Yes, I’m. Oh! My watch doesn’t
Alicia: Sí, lo estoy. work! Thank you very
much

Nuria: Oh! My watch doesn’t work!

Thank you very much.
Nuria: ¡Vaya! ¡No me funciona el reloj!
Muchas gracias.
Alicia: You are welcome. You are welcome
Alicia: De nada.

2.-HOW ARE YOU?

(¿CÓMO ESTÁS?)
Bye!
3
Hi, Nuria! Hi, Alicia!
How are you?

... I’m not fine...

I’m very tired Maybe... Oh, it’s too
Why? late! I have to go home!
Bye, see you soon!
I usually get up at
seven o’clock, but today Really?
I got up at half past five
Take some
Lately I don’t sleep sleeping pills
very well...

Alicia: Hi, Nuria! Nuria: Really?

Alicia: ¡Hola, Nuria! Nuria: ¿De veras?

Nuria: Hi, Alicia! How are you? Alicia: Lately I don’t sleep very well…
Nuria: ¡Hola, Alicia! ¿Cómo estás? Alicia: Últimamente no duermo muy bien…

Alicia: … I’m not fine… I’m very tired. Nuria: Take some sleeping pills.
Alicia: … No estoy bien… Estoy muy cansada. Nuria: Toma somníferos.

Nuria: Why? Alicia: Maybe… Oh, it is too late! I have to go

Nuria: ¿Por qué? home! Bye, see you soon!
Alicia: Tal vez… ¡Vaya, es muy tarde! ¡Me tengo
Alicia: I usually get up at seven o’clock, but que ir a casa! ¡Adiós, hasta luego!
today I got up at half past five.
Alicia: Me suelo levantar a siete en punto, pero hoy Nuria: Bye!
me he levantado a las cinco y media. Nuria: ¡Adiós!

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 CIVILIAN VOCABULARY

1.-FAMILY AND RELATIONSHIP

(LA FAMILIA Y PARENTESCOS)

English Spanish
husband marido, esposo
wife mujer, esposa
father padre
mother madre
parents padres [padre y madre]
son hijo grandfather and grandson
daughter hija
children hijos [hijos e hijas]
brother hermano
sister hermana
aunt tía
uncle tío
cousin primo/ a
husband and wife
grandmother abuela

3 grandfather
grandparents
abuelo
abuelos [abuelo y abuela]
granddaughter nieta
grandson nieto
grandchildren nietos/ as
nephew sobrino
niece sobrina
brother-in-law cuñado
sister-in-law cuñada
daugther-in-law nuera
son-in-law yerno
mother-in-law suegra
father-in-law suegro

mothers and children

Examples:
English Spanish

My grandmother is my mother´s mother. Mi abuela es la madre de mi madre.

My cousin got married last year. Mi primo se casó el año pasado.

My brother is very kind. Mi hermano es muy agradable.

I do not get along with my mother-in-law. No me llevo bien con mi suegra.

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2.-MEALS I
(LAS COMIDAS I)

lemond orange potato fruit

(limón) (naranja) (patata) (fruta)
breakfast lunch
(desayuno) (almuerzo)
to have breakfast to have lunch
(desayunar) (almorzar)

vegetable fish meat

(verdura) (pescado) (carne)

tea time dinner

(hora del té) (cena)
to have a cup of tea to have dinner
(tomar una taza de té) (cenar) milk eggs dessert
(leche) (huevos) (postre)

Examples:
English
I usually have eggs for breakfast.
In Great Britain people have lunch at midday.
I invited some friends for dinner.
Spanish
Normalmente tomo huevos para desayunar.
En Gran Bretaña la gente almuerza a mediodía.
Invité a algunos amigos a cenar.

READING COMPREHENSION
1.-MY FAMILY
3
(MI FAMILIA)

I am Sarah. My mother’s name is Anne. My

father's name is Paul. I have one brother. His
name is Richard and he is seven years old. My
AUNT UNCLE
mother's parents are my grandparents. My
grandmother likes singing and my grandfather
likes painting. I am my grandparent’s FATHER MOTHER
GRANDFATHER
granddaughter. My parent's brothers and sisters GRANDMOTHER
are my uncles and aunts. I have four uncles and
five aunts and I am their niece. Their sons and
daughters are my cousins. One day I hope I get SARAH
married to a nice man (my husband) and have BROTHER

lots of children.

COUSIN

2.- ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS.

(CONTESTA LAS SIGUIENTES PREGUNTAS)

1) What are my parents' names?

2) How old is my brother?
3) Who are my aunt's sons and daughters?

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 MILITARY TERMS
1.-UNITS AND COMMAND SCHELONS
(UNIDADES Y ESCALONES DE MANDO)
English Spanish
fire team escuadra

task force agrupación táctica

squad section platoon
battalion task group
grupo táctico
battalion group

company task force

subgrupo táctico
company/ squadron
company battalion regiment team
branch rama; arma

brigade headquarters cuartel general de brigada

chain of command cadena de mando

brigade division corps
commander jefe

company commander jefe de compañía

deputy officer oficial segundo en el mando

3 MILITARY
army

CONVERSATION
leader líder

Private: What’s that unit? What’s that unit?

Soldado: ¿Cuál es esa unidad?
Who’s the It’s the second
Corporal: It’s the second Rifle Company of commander? Rifle Company of
the 3rd battalion
the 3rd battalion.
Cabo: Es la segunda Compañía de
Fusiles del tercer Batallón. Captain Mayoral

Private: Who’s the commander?

Soldado: ¿Quién es el jefe?

Corporal: Captain Mayoral.

Cabo: El Capitán Mayoral.
That´s right, and the Lieutenant Gálvez.
Private: That´s right, and the deputy? deputy? He’s just arrived.
Soldado: Bien, ¿y el oficial segundo en el He’s commanding
the 2nd Rifle Platoon
mando?

Corporal: Lieutenant Gálvez. He’s just

arrived. He’s commanding the
2nd Rifle Platoon.
Cabo: El Teniente Gálvez. Se acaba de He looks very young
incorporar. Va a mandar la segunda
Sección de Fusiles.

Private: He looks very young.

Soldado: Parece muy joven.

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 EXERCISES
FAMILY TREE
(ÁRBOL GENEALÓGICO)

Alfred Joan William Hannah

Joshua Bob Caroline Peter Mary

Alex Emily Susanne John Paul

1) FILL EACHOF THE FOLLOWING GAPS ACCORDING

TO THE FAMILY TREE.
a) (JOHN) Alex and Emily are my...
2) FILL EACH OF THE FOLLOWING GAPS ACCORDING
TO THE FAMILY TREE.
a) Caroline is Joshua and Peter's…
3
a) Alex and Emily are my cousins. a) Caroline is Joshua and Peter's sister.

b) (PETER) Mary is my… b) Joan and Alfred are Joshua's…

b) ____________________________. b) ____________________________.

c) (MARY) Peter is my… c) Mary is Alex and Emily's…

c) ____________________________. c) ____________________________.

d) (JOHN) Paul is my… d) Alex and Emily are John's…

d) ____________________________. d) ____________________________.

e) (HANNAH) Peter is my… e) Susanne is Caroline's…

e) ____________________________. e) ____________________________.

f) (WILLIAM) John is my… f) Susanne is Mary's…

f) ____________________________. f) ____________________________.

g) (JOAN) Mary is my… g) Peter is Alex and Emily's…

g) ____________________________. g) ____________________________.

h) (ALFRED) Emily is my… h) Joan is Paul's…

h) ____________________________. h) ____________________________.

i) (PAUL) Joan and Hannah are my… i) Bob is Peter's…

i) ____________________________. i) ____________________________.

j) (CAROLINE) Paul is my… j) Alex is Peter's…

j) ____________________________. j) ____________________________.

k) (PETER) Emily is my… k) Hannah is Peter's…

k) ____________________________. k) ____________________________.
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 3) MATCH TIMES 1) TO 5) SENTENCES A) TO E).

English terms Spanish terms

1) It is seven o´clock in the morning a) I have lunch

2) It is midnight b) I have dinner

3) It is a quarter past two in the afternoon c) I wake up

4) It is ten to ten in the evening d) I go to bed

5) It is nine o´clock in the morning e) I go to work

4) LOOK AT THE WATCHES AND WRITE THE TIME. 5) FILL EACH OF THE FOLLOWING GAPS BY INSERTING
“THIS”, “THESE”, “THAT” OR “THOSE”.
a) (Aquellos) Those boys are my friends.

a) 12:00 b) I live with (estos) _____ boys.

a) It is twelve o´clock/
It is midday/ It is noon c) (Esa) _____ woman is her mother.

d) I love (ese) _____ car.

b) 13:45
b) ______________________ e) (Esos) _____ cats are wild.

3 c) 02:15
f) My father says (estas) _____ words.

g) They go to (aquella) _____ city.

c) ______________________
h) You smell (aquellas) _____ flowers.

6) FILL EACH OF THE FOLLOWING GAPS WITH A

d) 19:40 SUITABLE WORD OF THE BOX.
d) ______________________
eggs vegetable car milk past

e) 09:35 oranges midnight wake up fruit lemons

e) ______________________
o'clock meat potatoes television

f) 17:10 a) I wake up at seven o’clock. For breakfast I

f) ______________________ have toast, one glass of _____ and an orange
juice. At half _____ seven I go to work by
_____.
g) 20:05
b) Vegetarian people do not eat _____. They eat
g) ______________________
_____ and _____.

c) Spanish omelette is made of _____ and _____.

h) 00:00
h) ______________________ d) _____ and _____ are rich in vitamin C.

e) I go to bed at _____ and I watch _____.

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7) MATCH WORDS 1) TO 8) WITH WORDS A) TO H).

English terms Spanish Terms

1) Army a) Cuarter General de Brigada
2) Task Force b) Regimiento
3) NATO c) Agrupación Táctica
4) Brigade Headquarters d) Ejército
5) Squad e) Sección
6) Regiment f) Escuadra
7) Branch g) OTAN
8) Platoon h) Arma, Rama (Inf., Art., Cab., etc.)

8) MAKE SENTENCES WITH THE FOLLOWING WORDS.

a) mother's /My / my/ aunt/ sister /is

a) My mother's sister is my aunt.

b) wake up /I /past /seven /at /half

b) ______________________________.

c) soup /dinner /take / for/I /take

c) ______________________________.

d) mine /books /are /These

3
d) ______________________________.

e) expensive /car /Julian's/ very /is

e) ______________________________.

f) with /whisky /drink /I /soda

f) ______________________________.

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