UNIT 7

GRAMMAR
1.-QUESTIONS 1.2.-THE VERB "TO BE"
(ORACIONES INTERROGATIVAS) (EL VERBO “TO BE” )
1.1.-AUXILIARY "TO DO" La forma interrogativa del verbo "to be" se
(AUXILIAR “TO DO”) constituye de la siguiente manera:

La forma interrogativa de las oraciones en presente TO BE (‘ser; estar’)

de indicativo para los verbos regulares es la siguiente: Simple present / Question form

REGULAR VERBS AM/ IS/ ARE + SUJETO + (complts.) ?

Simple present / Question form

DO + SUJETO + verbo en + (complts.) ?

INFINITIVO Examples:
English Spanish
La forma del auxiliar "to do" cambia para la
tercera persona del singular y adopta la forma de Am I tall? ¿Soy (yo) alto?
"does": ¿Eres (tú) listo?
¿Es (usted) listo?
REGULAR VERBS (3rd) Are you clever?
¿Sois (vosotros) listos?
Simple present / Question form
¿Son (ustedes) listos?
verbo en
DOES + SUJETO + INFINITIVO + (complts.) ? Is he a student? ¿Es (él) un estudiante?

Examples:
Is she intelligent? ¿Es (ella) inteligente? 7
Is it hard? ¿Es (eso) difícil?
English Spanish
Are we engaged? ¿Estamos (nosotros) comprometidos?
Do you like any sport? ¿Te gusta algún deporte?

Do they eat apples? ¿Comen (ellos) manzanas? Are they interesting? ¿Son (ellos) interesantes?

Does she go to class? ¿Va (ella) a clase?

Por lo general, en las oraciones interrogativo-
negativas "is not" se contrae en "isn´t" y "are
Todos los verbos, exceptuando los anómalos not" en "aren´t”:
o defectivos, se conjugan en su forma interroga-
tiva según el modelo anterior. TO BE (‘ser; estar’)
Simple present / Contracted negative question form
La forma interrogativo-negativa del auxiliar "to
do" suele contraerse en "don´t" y "doesn´t". Las ISN’T/ AREN’T + SUJETO + (complts.) ?
oraciones interrogativo-negativas se construyen
siguiendo el mismo orden de la forma
interrogativa en afirmativa: Examples:

Examples: English Spanish

Isn´t she pretty? ¿No es (ella) guapa?

English Spanish

Don’t you like English? ¿No te gusta el inglés? Aren´t they tall? ¿No son (ellos) altos?

Don’t they eat apples? ¿No comen (ellos) manzanas? Aren´t we brave? ¿No somos (nosotros) valientes?

Doesn’t she go to class? ¿No va (ella) a clase? Aren´t you blind? ¿No eres (tú) ciego?

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 Si no se usa esta contracción, la forma para ...
estas interrogativas es la siguiente:
English Spanish
TO BE (‘ser; estar’)
Simple present / Negative question form in en; (a)dentro
near
AM/ IS/ ARE + SUJETO + NOT + (complts.) ? cerca de, junto a
next to
of de
Examples: off separado de; lejos de

English Spanish on sobre, en

Is she not pretty? ¿No es (ella) guapa? out fuera

Are they not tall? ¿No son (ellos) altos? over sobre; más allá de

Are we not brave? ¿No somos (nosotros)valientes? (a) round alrededor de

Are you not blind? ¿No eres (tú) ciego? since desde
till, until hasta
2.-PREPOSITIONS I through por; por medio de
(PREPOSICIONES I) to a, hacia; para
towards hacia
Las preposiciones inglesas más usadas son:
under debajo de, bajo

English Spanish up sobre, en lo alto de

underneath debajo de, bajo
above sobre
with con
about alrededor de; acerca de, sobre within entre; en el espacio de, dentro de
without sin; fuera de

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across por medio de, a través de

against contra
Las siguientes preposiciones en español pueden
after después de, tras traducirse de varias formas. A continuación aparecen
las más comunes:
along a lo largo de

at en English Spanish

before delante de, ante; antes de a at [reposo]

to [movimiento]
behind tras; detrás de
por by [el agente]
for [la causa]
below debajo de

beneath debajo de sobre above (más elevado, arriba, superior)

on, upon [con apoyo]
beside al lado de
till, until [tiempo]
besides además de hasta as far as [espacio]
between entre
en into [cuando está expresado el lugar]
beyond más allá de, sobre
of [posesión]
by por; de; junto a de from [procedencia]
with [materia]
down abajo
under (debajo de)
during durante debajo below (más bajo de, inferior a)
beneath (más bajo de, inferior a)
for por; durante; para
fuera off (lejos de, quitado de)
from de; desde; por
entre among [más de dos]
between [dos]
...

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 DAILY SPEAKING
1.-IN THE RESTAURANT
(EN EL RESTAURANTE)

Good evening!
Where would you
like to sit?

Good evening!
Near the window,
please
Waiter: Good evening! Where would
you like to sit?
Camarero: ¡Buenas tardes! ¿Dónde desean
sentarse?
Customer: Good evening! Near the win-
dow, please.
Cliente: ¡Buenas tardes! Cerca de la
ventana, por favor.
Here you have the Waiter: Here you have the menu.
menu Camarero: Aquí tienen el menú.

Customer: Could you bring us whatever

you think is best on the

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menu?
Cliente: ¿Podría traernos lo que más le
guste del menú?

Waiter: I'd go for veal cutlets and

French fries.
Could you bring us
whatever you think Camarero: Yo me tomaría unas chuletas de
is best on the ternera con patatas fritas.
menu?
Customer: That's wonderful. Which wine
do you recommend?
Cliente: Perfecto. ¿Qué vino nos
recomienda?

Waiter: I think you'd love a bottle of

I'd go for veal cutlets table wine.
and French fries Camarero: Creo que una botella de vino del
país les encantaría.

That's wonderful.
Which wine do you
recommend?

I think you'd love a

bottle of table wine

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 CIVILIAN VOCABULARY

1.-BREAKFAST
(DESAYUNO)

English Spanish
milk leche
egg huevo cereals
(fried egg, boiled egg) (huevo frito, huevo cocido)
jam
cheese queso
ham jamón
bread pan
sugar azúcar
salt sal tea
coffee
omelette tortilla
cereals cereales
butter mantequilla
jam mermelada
honey miel
tea té
fried eggs with ham
coffee café

7 2.-FRUITS, CEREALS AND VEGETABLES

(FRUTAS, CEREALES Y VERDURAS)
English Spanish
lemon limón
orange naranja
pear pera
grape uva
banana plátano
fig higo
plum ciruela
peach melocotón
lemons pears figs tomato tomate
potato patata
strawberry fresa
apple manzana
lettuce lechuga
watermelons carrot zanahoria
apples oranges
beans judías
onions cebollas
olives aceitunas
cucumber pepino
strawberries dates grapes flour harina
peas guisantes
watermelon melón
dates dátiles
rice arroz
pasta pasta
noodles fideos

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3.-MEAT AND FISH 4.-DRINKS
(CARNE Y PESCADO) (BEBIDAS)
English Spanish English Spanish
salami salchichón water agua
sausage salchicha beer cerveza
ham jamón
champagne champán
veal ternera
wine (white wine, red wine) vino (vino blanco, vino tinto)
beef buey
juice zumo
pork cerdo
chicken pollo whisky whisky

steak filete lemonade limonada

cutlet chuleta soda gaseosa

trout tucha rum ron
hake merluza gin ginebra
tuna atún
non-alcoholic drinks bebidas no alcohólicas
mussels mejillones
spirits bebidas alcohólicas
crab cangrejo
shrimp gamba
sword-fish pez espada
squid calamar
turkey pavo
hamburguer hamburguesa

beer
water
champagne 7
5.-DESSERTS 6.-THE TABLE
(POSTRES) (LA MESA)

English Spanish English Spanish

ice-cream helado knife cuchillo
fork tenedor
yoghurt yogur spoon cuchara
sweets / candies caramelos teaspoon cucharilla
glass vaso
cake tarta
serviette servilleta
pudding pudin napkin servilleta
table cloth mantel
rice pudding arroz con leche
plate plato
chocolate chocolate caster vinagrera
salt cellar salero
custard natillas
vinegar vinagre
jelly gelatina pepper pimienta
oil aceite
tray bandeja
mug taza
toothpicks palillos de dientes
lay / set the poner la mesa
oven horno
yogohurt cake ice-cream cook cocinar

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 READING COMPREHENSION
1.-BRITISH MEALS 2.- ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS.
(COMIDAS BRITÁNICAS) (CONTESTA LAS SIGUIENTES PREGUNTAS)

1) At least, how many meals do British people

have a day?
British people have at least three meals a day:
breakfast, lunch and dinner. Many people take an 2) Is British breakfast a more substantial meal
additional meal known as tea. Beakfast is usually than Spanish breakfast?
between half past seven and half past eight in the 3) When do British people have tea?
morning. It is a more substantial meal than the
Spanish breakfast. British people usually choose: 4) According to the text, what is the last meal
fruit, porridge, eggs (boiled or fried) bacon, ham, of the day?
fish, bread and butter or toast with jam or
marmalade, and coffee, tea or milk.
The second meal of the day is lunch. People
have lunch between midday and half past one. It
is a light meal consisting of a simple dish of hot or
cold meat, a vegetable, bread and butter and
pudding. Sometimes fruit and cheese too.
In the afternoon, at about four o'clock, it is tea
time. People eat bread and butter, toast, biscuits,
cake and tea.The last meal of the day is dinner.
This is the principal meal. It starts at seven o'clock
in the afternoon. In special occasions a full dinner
consists of several courses: soup, fish, meat or

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poultry with potatoes and vegetables, pudding,
cheese and dessert.

MILITARY TERMS
1.-HEAVY WEAPONRY
(ARMAMENTO PESADO)

English Spanish
loader cargador
turret torreta
hatch escotilla
gun cañón
howitzer obús
turret
towed artillery artillería remolcada

self propelled gun cañón autopropulsado

guided weapon arma guiada

artillery piece pieza de artillería
crew tripulación
antitank weapon arma contracarro

howitzer

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 tank
missile
English Spanish
gunner tirador
tank carro de combate
missile misil
rocket cohete
antitank mine mina contracarro
explosive explosivo
caliber calibre
bombardment bombardeo
indirect fire fuego indirecto

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barrage barrera
shrapnel metralla
gunner splinter esquirla

MILITARY CONVERSATION

Sergeant: Did you check the track of the

tank?
Sargento: ¿Has comprobado la cadena del
carro de combate? Did you check the
track of the tank?
Private: Yes, Sir, everything was OK. Yes, Sir,
Soldado: Sí, mi Sargento, todo estaba correcto. everything was
OK
Sergeant: Don't forget to install the machine Don´t forget
gun on the turret. Don´t worry, Sir,
to install the it is already done
Sargento: No olvides instalar la ametralladora machine gun
en la torreta. on the turret
Private: Don't worry, Sir, it is already
done.
Soldado: No se preocupe, mi Sargento, ya
está hecho.
Did you already
Sergeant: Did you already refuel the tank? refuel the tank? Yes, this morning
Sargento: ¿Has repostado ya el carro? I went to the gas
station
Private: Yes, this morning I went to the
gas station.
Soldado: Sí, esta mañana fui a la gasolinera. You’re really
efficient Thanks, Sir
Sergeant: You're really efficient.
Sargento: Eres verdaderamente eficiente.

Private: Thanks, Sir.

Soldado: Gracias, mi Sargento.

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 EXERCISES
1) MAKE THE FOLLOWING SENTENCES INTERROGATIVE 3)
AND NEGATIVE.
a) You like apples.
a) Don't you like apples?
b) They want a car.
b) ______________________________
c) She plays the guitar.
c) ______________________________
d) We buy some tickets for the theatre.
d) ______________________________
e) I have a mobile.
e) ______________________________
f) He takes several pictures.
f) ______________________________
g) You eat potatoes.
g) ______________________________
7 2) MAKE THE FOLLOWING SENTENCES (1) INTERROGATIVE
AND (2) INTERROGATIVE AND NEGATIVE.
4) TRANSLATE
SENTENCES.
a) You are tall.
a) Are you tall?
a) Aren't you tall?
b) They are interested in Geography.
b) ______________________________
b) ______________________________
c) She is a pretty girl.
c) ______________________________
c) ______________________________
d) We are Mary's best friends.
d) ______________________________
d) ______________________________
e) I am five feet tall.
e) ______________________________
e) ______________________________
f) He is the best good-looking boy.
f) ______________________________
f) ______________________________
g) You are my sister-in-law's brother.
g) ______________________________
g) ______________________________
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TRANSLATE INTO SPANISH THE FOLLOWING SENTENCES.
a) What city do you come from?
a) ¿De qué ciudad vienes?
b) Put the glass on the table.
b) __________________________________.
c) The road passes across the valley.
c) __________________________________.
d) The sun shines over the city.
d) __________________________________.
e) Stay by my side.
e) __________________________________.
f) The chair is between the door and the window.
f) __________________________________.
g) Don't leave until I tell you.
g) __________________________________.
h) Before going out, put your application on the table.
h) __________________________________.
INTO ENGLISH THE FOLLOWING
a) Cerca de mi casa hay un cine.
a) There is a cinema near my house.
b) Debajo de nuestra casa hay un cementerio.
b) __________________________________.
c) Hay un supermercado detrás de la escuela.
c) __________________________________.
d) En septiembre llueve mucho.
d) __________________________________.
e) El martes se casa John.
e) __________________________________.
f) Con un coche es suficiente.
f) __________________________________.
g) De Madrid a Granada hay 450 km.
g) __________________________________.
h) Después de cuatro horas estamos cansados.
h) __________________________________.
i) La guerra contra aquel país es un fracaso.
i) __________________________________.
5) FILL EACH OF THE FOLLOWING GAPS BY INSERTING 6) WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING WORDS DON'T FIT INTO
THE TRANSLATION INTO ENGLISH OF THE WORDS IN EACH COLUMN?
BRACKETS.

a) (pan, tomate, aceite de oliva) A B C D

I like bread with tomato and olive oil.

beer salami tea lemon

b) (cuchara, tenedor, cuchillo)
Chinese people don't use ______ ,______ nor ______.

c) (cocinar, pollo, horno) sugar sausage strawberry orange

I ______ the ______ in the ______, that way it
is very tasty!
wine ham apple tuna
d) (vinagre, pimienta)
I am allergic to ______ and ______.
juice veal lettuce grape
e) (azúcar, té)
I don't like ______ with ______.

whisky vinegar carrot banana

f) (pavo)
English people eat ______ at Christmas.

g) (ensalada, tomate, lechuga, cebolla) lemonade pork beans fig

I make ______ with ______ ,______ and ______.
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7) MATCH TERMS 1) TO 8) SENTENCES A) TO H).

English terms Spanish terms

1) crew a) escotilla

2) indirect fire b) carro de combate

3) tank c) artillería remolcada

4) artillery piece d) tripulación

5) hatch e) arma contracarro

6) towed artillery f) pieza de artillería

7) antitank weapon g) fuego indirecto

8) splinter h) esquirla

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