Enteros y recta numérica ............................................

1
Suma y resta de enteros ............................................. 9
Multiplicación de enteros ......................................... 19
Multiplicación y división de números decimales ........ 28
Multiplicación y división de fracciones ...................... 35
Proporcionalidad directa .......................................... 44
Jerarquía de operaciones .......................................... 53
Ecuaciones lineales ................................................... 62
Sistema de ecuaciones .............................................. 71
Ecuaciones cuadráticas ............................................. 81
Perímetro ................................................................. 91
Área de polígonos regulares ................................... 102
Teorema de Pitágoras ............................................ 110
Probabilidad teórica ............................................... 120
Anexo 1 .................................................................. 133
Anexo 2 .................................................................. 137
Anexo 3 .................................................................. 143
Referencias ............................................................ 149
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 468 ÷ 13 = 36

Ejemplo 2
Ejemplo 1

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 Ejemplo 1

Ejemplo 2

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Ejemplo 3

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 5
10
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100

36
 896
1000

5
1 10

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 1 1 1 1
× ×
5 5 4 2

3 2 3 1
× ×
4 4 4 4

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1 1 1 1
× =
2 3 6 6
1 1
2
× 3

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3 2 6 6
× =
4 3 12 12
3 2
×
4 3

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5 5
12
÷ 9
5 9 45 3
12
× 5 60 4

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 5 15
÷
4 8

2 2 1 2 2 6
÷5= × = ; multiplicando × 3=
3 3 5 15 15 15

6
15

41
 2 2 1 2 2 4
÷5= × = ; multiplicando ×2=
3 3 5 15 15 15

4
15

9 3 5 2
× = × =
10 17
8 13

42
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4
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•

𝑥
(1 hora)($300)
𝑥=
10 horas

$ 300
𝑥=
10

300 ÷ 10 $30.
𝑥 = $30

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 $

48
 300 150 15
= = = $15
20 10 1

(20)($30) (15)(30)
= $600 = $450
(40)(22.5) (20)(22.5)
= 900 = $450.00
(25)(15) = (15)(10)
375 = $150

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 12.5 𝑚2

5 𝑚2 12.5 𝑚2 5 𝑚2 12.5 𝑚2
5 𝑥 𝑥
(5 𝑏𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑠)(12.5 𝑚2 ) (1 𝑏𝑢𝑙𝑡𝑜)(12.5 𝑚2 )
𝑥= 𝑥=
5𝑚2 5𝑚2
12.5 𝑏𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑠 𝑑𝑒 𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑎 12.5 𝑏𝑢𝑙𝑡𝑜𝑠
𝑥= 𝑥=
1 5
𝑥 = 12.5 𝑏𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑠 𝑑𝑒 𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑎 𝑥 = 2.5 𝑏𝑢𝑙𝑡𝑜𝑠

5 𝑚2 12.5 𝑚2 5 𝑚2 12.5 𝑚2

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1
𝑥
4 250 𝑥

1 25
( 𝑏𝑢𝑙𝑡𝑜)( 𝑚2 ) (250 𝑙𝑎𝑑𝑟𝑖𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑠)(12.5 𝑚2 )
𝑥= 4 2 𝑥=
5𝑚2 5𝑚2
25 3125 𝑙𝑎𝑑𝑟𝑖𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑠
𝑥=
𝑥= 8 5
5 𝑥 = 625 𝑙𝑎𝑑𝑟𝑖𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑠
5
𝑥 = 𝑏𝑢𝑙𝑡𝑜 𝑑𝑒 𝑐𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑜
8

5
(8)(3)

7
1
8

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• 12
3
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• 1
1
• 1
4

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  
 

 
 

÷ ÷
÷ ÷

÷ ÷
÷ ÷

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-

-
-
-

+ ÷
+

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  

 ÷

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1.

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21 cm2 .

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 216
𝐗=
18

𝐗 = 12 𝑚

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 𝟐𝐱 + 𝟏 = 𝐱 + 𝟒 𝐱=𝟑
𝐱

𝑥 + 2𝑦 = 7

2𝑥 + 𝑦 = 8

72
 𝑥 + 2𝑦 = 7

2𝑦 = 7 − 𝑥
7−𝑥
𝑦=
2

2𝑥 + 𝑦 = 8

𝑦 = 8 − 2𝑥

7−𝑥
𝑥 𝑦= 𝑥 𝑦 = 8 − 2𝑥
2
7−1
=3 8 − 2(1) = 6
2
7−5
=1 8 − 2(5) = −2
2

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74
 𝒙 + 𝒚 = 𝟒𝟐

𝟓𝒙 + 𝟏𝟎𝒚 = 𝟑𝟐𝟓

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 𝒙 + 𝒚 = 𝟒𝟐 𝟓𝒙 + 𝟏𝟎𝒚 = 𝟑𝟐𝟓

𝑥 + 𝑦 = 42

𝑦 = 42 − 𝑥

5𝑥 + 10𝑦 = 325

10𝑦 = 325 − 5𝑥

325 − 5𝑥
𝑦=
10

325 − 5𝑥
𝑦 = 42 − 𝑥 𝑦=
10

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 325 − 5𝑥
𝑥 𝑦 = 42 − 𝑥 𝑥 𝑦=
10
42 − 5 = 37 325 − 5(5)
5 5 = 30
10
325 − 5(25)
25 42 − 25 = 17 25 = 20
10

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 𝒙𝟐 = 𝟑𝟔

𝒙=𝟔

84
𝒙

𝟑𝟐 + 𝟐(𝟑) + 𝟏 = 𝟏𝟔.

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86
𝑥 2 = 81

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 𝒙=𝟗

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 𝑃 =
𝑛𝑙

π),

𝑃= 𝜋 × 𝑑

𝜋 = 3.14

𝑃 =2𝜋𝑟

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𝟐𝟕.𝟐
𝟐

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Á𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑑𝑒𝑙 𝑐𝑢𝑎𝑑𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑜 = 𝑙 𝑥 𝑙
𝑏𝑥ℎ
Á𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑑𝑒𝑙 𝑡𝑟𝑖á𝑛𝑔𝑢𝑙𝑜 =
2

𝑏×𝑎
( 2
)

105
 𝑝𝑒𝑟í𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑟𝑜 × 𝑎𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑚𝑎
Á𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑑𝑒 𝑢𝑛 𝑝𝑜𝑙í𝑔𝑜𝑛𝑜 𝑟𝑒𝑔𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑟 =
2

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 𝑝𝑒𝑟í𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑟𝑜 × 𝑎𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑚𝑎
Á𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑑𝑒 𝑢𝑛 𝑝𝑜𝑙í𝑔𝑜𝑛𝑜 𝑟𝑒𝑔𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑟 =
2

72× 10.4
Á𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑑𝑒 𝑢𝑛 𝑝𝑜𝑙í𝑔𝑜𝑛𝑜 𝑟𝑒𝑔𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑟 = 2

748.8
𝐴=
2

107
 La fórmula para calcular el área de un polígono regular es:

𝑝𝑒𝑟í𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑟𝑜 × 𝑎𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑚𝑎
Á𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑑𝑒 𝑢𝑛 𝑝𝑜𝑙í𝑔𝑜𝑛𝑜 𝑟𝑒𝑔𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑟 =
2

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 12∙5
(12 + 5)(12 + 5) = 4 ( ) + 𝑐2
2

12∙5
(12 + 5)2 = 4 ( ) + 𝑐2
2

12∙5
(12 + 5)2 − 4 ( ) = 𝑐2
2

122 + 2 ∙ 12 ∙ 5 + 52 − 2 ∙ 12 ∙ 5 = 𝑐 2

𝟏𝟐𝟐 + 𝟓𝟐 = 𝒄𝟐

144 + 25 = 𝑐 2

169 = 𝑐 2

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 122 + 52 = 𝑐 2 = 169

𝑎∙𝑏
(𝑎 + 𝑏)(𝑎 + 𝑏) = 4 ( ) + 𝑐2
2
𝑎∙𝑏
(𝑎 + 𝑏)2 = 4 ( ) + 𝑐2
2
𝑎∙𝑏
(𝑎 + 𝑏)2 − 4 ( ) = 𝑐2
2
𝑎2 + 2𝑎𝑏 + 𝑏 2 − 2𝑎𝑏 = 𝑐 2

𝒂𝟐 + 𝒃𝟐 = 𝒄𝟐

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115
 𝑎2 + 𝑏 2 = 𝑐 2

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(70 𝑚)2 + (100 𝑚)2 = 𝑐 2

4900 𝑚2 + 10000 𝑚2 = 𝑐 2

14900 𝑚2 = 𝑐 2

𝑐 2 = 14900 𝑚2

𝑐 = √14900 𝑚2

𝑐 = 122 𝑚

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 𝐶𝑎𝑠𝑜𝑠 𝑓𝑎𝑣𝑜𝑟𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒𝑠 1
𝑃(𝐴) = =
𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑑𝑒 𝑐𝑎𝑠𝑜𝑠 𝑑𝑒𝑙 𝑒𝑠𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑜 𝑚𝑢𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑙 2

𝐶𝑎𝑠𝑜𝑠 𝑓𝑎𝑣𝑜𝑟𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒𝑠 1
𝑃(𝐵) = =
𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑑𝑒 𝑐𝑎𝑠𝑜𝑠 𝑑𝑒𝑙 𝑒𝑠𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑜 𝑚𝑢𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑙 2

1
2

123
 𝐶𝑎𝑠𝑜𝑠 𝑓𝑎𝑣𝑜𝑟𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒𝑠 1
𝑃(𝐴) = =
𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑑𝑒 𝑐𝑎𝑠𝑜𝑠 𝑑𝑒𝑙 𝑒𝑠𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑜 𝑚𝑢𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑙 6

𝐶𝑎𝑠𝑜𝑠 𝑓𝑎𝑣𝑜𝑟𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒𝑠 1
𝑃(𝐵) = =
𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑑𝑒 𝑐𝑎𝑠𝑜𝑠 𝑑𝑒𝑙 𝑒𝑠𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑜 𝑚𝑢𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑙 6

1
6

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 𝐶𝑎𝑠𝑜𝑠 𝑓𝑎𝑣𝑜𝑟𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒𝑠 18
𝑃(𝐴) = =
𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑑𝑒 𝑐𝑎𝑠𝑜𝑠 𝑑𝑒𝑙 𝑒𝑠𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑜 𝑚𝑢𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑙 36

126
 𝐶𝑎𝑠𝑜𝑠 𝑓𝑎𝑣𝑜𝑟𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒𝑠 18
𝑃(𝐵) = =
𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑑𝑒 𝑐𝑎𝑠𝑜𝑠 𝑑𝑒𝑙 𝑒𝑠𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑜 𝑚𝑢𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑙 36

𝐶𝑎𝑠𝑜𝑠 𝑓𝑎𝑣𝑜𝑟𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒𝑠
𝑃(𝐶) =
𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑑𝑒 𝑐𝑎𝑠𝑜𝑠 𝑑𝑒𝑙 𝑒𝑠𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑜 𝑚𝑢𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑙

127
 𝑁ú𝑚𝑒𝑟𝑜 𝑑𝑒 𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑢𝑙𝑡𝑎𝑑𝑜𝑠 𝑓𝑎𝑣𝑜𝑟𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝑑𝑒 𝑢𝑛 𝑠𝑢𝑐𝑒𝑠𝑜
𝑃(𝐴) =
𝑁ú𝑚𝑒𝑟𝑜 𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑑𝑒 𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑢𝑙𝑡𝑎𝑑𝑜𝑠 𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑏𝑙𝑒𝑠

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Este texto se terminó de imprimir en septiembre de 2020, siendo
Gobernador del Estado Cuitláhuac García Jiménez y Secretario de
Educación de Veracruz Zenyazen R. Escobar García.

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