Golpo

f~wgKv
Mí Avi †QvUMí GK bq| Mí nj ewY©Z AvL¨vb| wKš‘ †QvUM‡í AvL¨vb‡K we‡kl ixwZ, ˆkjx I iƒ‡c cÖKvk Kiv
nq| mvwnZ¨-wk‡íi g‡a¨ †QvUMí nj me©vaywbK| †QvUM‡íi Rb¥ n‡q‡Q Dwbk kZ‡K| wkí-evwY‡Rï cÖmv‡i Ges
cÖhyw³ I h‡š¿i cÖfv‡e gvby‡li Rxe‡b G‡m‡Q e¨¯ÍZv| Av‡Mi g‡Zv eo eo mvwnZ¨ covi mgqI msKzwPZ n‡q‡Q|
A_P gvbyl Rxe‡bi K_v Rvb‡Z Pvq, mvwnZ¨ co‡Z Pvq| AvaywbK gvby‡li Dc‡hvMx K‡i †QvUMí-wk‡íi Avwef©ve
n‡q‡Q| GKv‡ji coyqv gvbyl Avevi msev`cÎ I mvgwqKx wbf©i| Zviv SUcU Lei Rvb‡Z Pvq, NUbvq †g‡Z
DV‡Z Pvq| Gw`‡K Zv‡ì mgqI Kg| Zv‡ì gbgvbwmKZvi cÖwZ ¸iæZ¡ w`‡q cwÎKv ev mvgwqKxi c„ôv fivevi
Rb¨ †QvUM‡íi g‡Zv mswÿß I `ªæZ mvwnZ¨-Avw½‡Ki Rb¥ n‡q‡Q| Avgiv GB cv‡V †QvUM‡íi msÁv, Rb¥e„ËvšÍ,
µgweKvk I evsjv †QvUM‡íi BwZnvm cÖm‡½ GKwU aviYv †bqvi †Póv Ki‡ev|
mvaviY D‡Ïk¨
evsjv †QvUM‡íi D™¢e I weKvk m¤úwK©Z mvaviY Av‡jvPbvwU cv‡Vi ci AvcwbÑ
 †QvUMí Kv‡K e‡j A_©vr †QvUM‡íi msÁv wjL‡Z cvi‡eb|
 †QvUM‡íi Rb¥e„ËvšÍ I weKvk m¤^‡Ü GKwU eY©bv wjL‡Z cvi‡eb|
 evsjv †QvUM‡íi BwZnvm wel‡q GKwU Aby‡”Q` wjL‡Z cvi‡eb|
 evsjv‡`‡ki †QvUMí m¤ú‡K© GKwU weeiY wjL‡Z cvi‡eb|
g~jcvV
†QvUM‡íi msÁv bvbvfv‡e †evSv‡bv n‡q‡Q| †QvUMí †h †QvU AvK…wZi mvwnZ¨ iPbv Zv bv‡gB †evSv
hvq| cÖg_ †PŠayix e‡j‡Qb, †QvUMí cÖ_‡g Mí Zvici †QvU| Gi AvK…wZ KZ eo n‡Z cv‡i? G
m¤ú‡K© ejv n‡q‡Q †h, cuvPk †_‡K `yB nvRvi k‡ãi g‡a¨ †QvUMí iwPZ nIqv DËg| Z‡e G wb‡q G‡Kev‡i
aiveuvav wbqg †bB| GK `yB c„ôvi †QvUMíI Av‡Q, Avevi wÎk-Pwjøk c„ôvi †QvUMíI Av‡Q| †hgb, evsjvmvwn‡Z¨
ebdz‡ji †QvUMí¸‡jv †QvU-†QvU, Iw`‡K iex›`ªbv‡_i ÔbóbxoÕ, ÔAwZw_Õ BZ¨vw` nj eo AvK…wZi †QvUMí|
Dcb¨v‡mi m‡½ †QvUM‡íi cv_©K¨ Av‡Q| Dcb¨v‡m _v‡K Rxe‡bi we¯Í…Z DcvL¨vb| Avi Rxe‡bi `yÕGKwU Zvrch©c~Y©
Ask‡K Aej¤^b K‡i †QvUMí iwPZ nq| Dcb¨vm mewKQy MÖnY K‡i, wKš‘ †QvUMí me evûj¨ eR©b K‡i| †QvU
Mí‡K †m-Rb¨ Rxe‡bi LÐvsk ev slice of life ejv nq| †QvUMí Rxe‡bi GKUv mgm¨vi msKU‡K wb‡qB e¨¯Í
_v‡K| †mRb¨ †QvUMí †jL‡Ki Ab¨ w`‡K `„wó †èvi AeKvk †bB| Rxeb‡K wb‡q cÖZxwZRvZ Abyf‚wZB †QvUMí
iPbvi g~j †cÖiYv| G Kvi‡Y †QvUMí memgq †jL‡Ki e¨w³Z¡gwÐZ nq| MxwZKweZv †hgb Kwei e¨w³Abyf‚wZi
cÖKvk, †QvUMíI A‡bKvs‡k †QvUMíKv‡ii Abyf‚wZgq iPbv| we¯Í…Z gvbeRxeb‡K †`‡L ev Dcjwä K‡i †jLK
†hme wewPÎ Abyf‚wZ jvf K‡ib †m¸‡jv †QvUM‡íi welq n‡Z cv‡i| iex›`ªbv_ †QvUM‡íi welq I ixwZ m¤^‡Ü Zuvi
Ôel©vhvcbÕ KweZvq e‡j‡QbÑ
HSC-1854 D”PZi evsjvÑ1

Ò†Qv‡Uv cÖvY, †QvU e¨_v †Qv‡Uv †Qv‡Uv `ytL K_v
wbZvšÍB mnR mij,
mnmª we¯§„wZ ivwk cÖZ¨n †h‡Z‡Q fvwm
Zvwi `y-PvwiwU AkÖæRj|
bvwn eY©bvi QUv NUbvi NbNUv
bvwn ZË¡, bvwn Dc‡`k|
AšÍ‡i AZ…wß i‡e, mv½ Kwi g‡b n‡e
†kl n‡q nBj bv †kl|Ó
†QvUMí Avu‡Uvmuv‡Uv iPbv, Dcb¨v‡mi g‡Zv bvbv NUbv ev Kvwnwbi we¯Í…wZ †QvUM‡í _v‡K bv| †QvUM‡í PwiÎ msL¨v
Kg| NUbv Dc¯’vcbvq bvUKxq †KŠkj ev PgK _v‡K Ges †QvUM‡íi mgvwßI nq PgKc~Y©| †m Rb¨ †QvUMí cv‡V
GKUv AZ…wß _v‡K, g‡b nq Avi wKQy †hb evwK Av‡Q| †QvUM‡íi Kvwnwb `ªæZ cwiYvggyLx nq Ges †QvUM‡í _v‡K
GKwUgvÎ e³e¨|
†QvUM‡íi msÁv
Dcwi-D³ Av‡jvPbv †k‡l GBevi †QvUM‡íi GKwU msÁv cÖ¯‘Z Kiv †h‡Z cv‡iÑ
†QvUMí nj Ggb GK mswÿß M`¨ iPbv hv Rxe‡bi gvÎ `yÕGKwU Zvrch©c~Y© NUbv‡K Aej¤^b K‡i †jL‡Ki
aviYvMZ e³e¨‡K GKgyLx iƒc `vb K‡i|
†QvUMí m¤ú‡K© wb‡¤œv³ K_v¸‡jv g‡b ivLv ìKvi
1. Mí Avi †QvUMí GK bq|
2. †QvUMí AvaywbK Kv‡ji mvwnZ¨wkí|
3. †QvUMí M‡`¨ iwPZ nq|
4. †QvUM‡íi AvKvi-AvK…wZ ÿz`ª| Dcb¨vm †_‡K †QvUMí c„_K|
5. †QvUM‡íi welqe¯‘ Rxe‡bi ÿz`ª-ÿz`ª bvbv Zvrch©c~Y© NUbv| †Kv‡bv we‡kl Abyf‚wZ wKsev Dcjwä|
6. gvbeRxeb m¤ú‡K© †Kv‡bv we‡kl cÖZxwZ (Impression) †QvUMí iPbvq †cÖiYv wn‡m‡e KvR K‡i|
7. Rxe‡bi †Kv‡bv we‡kl mgm¨vi msKUB †QvUM‡íi DcRxe¨|
8. †QvUM‡í GKwU gvÎ e³e¨ _v‡K|
9. †QvUMí evûj¨ eR©b K‡i, Avi `ªæZ cwiYv‡gi w`‡K GwM‡q hvq|
10. †QvUM‡íi Dc¯’vcbv AvKw¯§K I bvUKxq nq Ges cwimgvwß‡ZI GB AvKw¯§KZv I bvUKxqZv _v‡K|
11. †QvUM‡íi PwiÎmsL¨v Kg|
12. †QvUMí Avu‡Uvmuv‡Uv iPbv| †QvUM‡íi eY©bv I fvlvi g‡a¨ mshg I mswÿwß _vK‡e|
13. †QvUM‡íi Dc¯’vcbv I cwimgvwß `yB-B PgKc~Y©|
14. †QvUMí †jL‡Ki e¨w³Z¡gwÐZ iPbv|
†QvUM‡íi Rb¥e„ËvšÍ I weKvk

Mí ejv Avi Mí †kvbvi HwZn¨ mycÖvPxb| gvbyl hLb †_‡K mf¨ n‡q‡Q, hLb †_‡K wPšÍv I Kíbv Ki‡Z wk‡L‡Q
ZLb †_‡KB Mí ejvi ixwZ ïiæ n‡q‡Q| Rbc‡ì eqmx ev AwfÁ gvby‡livB Mí e‡jb, Avi A‡bïv †kv‡b|
†jvKRxe‡b `vw`-bvwb ev gvwg-Lvjviv Mí e‡j e‡j wkï‡ì Nyg cvov‡Zb| wewPÎ †mme Mí| †Kv‡bv Mí ivRcyÎ-
ivRKb¨vi, †Kv‡bv Mí ivÿm-†Lv°‡mi, ˆ`Z¨-`vb‡ei, †Kv‡bv Mí cÿxivR †Nvovi, †Kv‡bv Mí `yišÍ Awfhv‡bi|
†mme Mí ï‡b wkïgb Kíbvi cvLvq †f‡m †eovq| ZviI B‡”Q e¨½gv-e¨½wgi wc‡V P‡o †m †ZcvšÍ‡ii gvV cvi
nq| M‡íi fze‡b Aek¨ mevB Av‡QÑ wkï, wK‡kvi, hyeK, †cÖŠp, e„× mK‡jB| mf¨Zvi AMÖMwZi m‡½ M‡íi
†QvUMíÑ2 HSC-1854
ixwZbxwZiI cwieZ©b n‡q‡Q, welqe¯‘i †ÿ‡ÎI bvbv êwPÎ¨ hy³ n‡q‡Q| M`¨fvlvi cÖwZôv jv‡fi c‡i M‡íi
†ÿ‡Î Avg~j cwieZ©b m~wPZ n‡q‡Q|
†QvUM‡íi BwZnvm my`xN© Kv‡ji| c„w_exi gvbe‡Mvôx GK mgq GKRvZxq Mí ejZ| wKš‘ †mB gvbe‡Mvôx hLb
c„w_exi bvbv RvqMvq Qwo‡q c‡o, ZLb GK GK GjvKvi cwi‡ek cwiw¯’wZi Kvi‡Y M‡íi g‡a¨ iƒcvšÍi mvwaZ
nq| AvR‡Ki w`‡b Zzjbvg~jK M‡elYvq †`Lv wM‡q‡Q c„w_exi bvbv RvqMvi cÖvPxb Mí¸‡jvi g‡a¨ wgj Av‡Q| GB
wgj †`Lv hvq iƒcK_vq, DcK_vq, bxwZM‡í I †jvKKvwnwb‡Z| A_©vr G¸‡jvB n‡”Q cÖvPxb Mí| G¸‡jvi m‡½
Av‡iv wQj cyivY K_v, AvL¨vb, AvL¨vwqKv, ag©K_v BZ¨vw`|
fvi‡Z cÖvPxb Mí¸‡jvi iƒc †`Lv hvq RvZK Kvwnwb (ey‡×i c~e©R‡b¥i e„ËvšÍ), cÂZš¿, K_v mwirmvMi, e„nrK_v,
D`qbK_v, `kKzgvi PwiZ, wn‡Zvc‡`k BZ¨vw`‡Z, wMÖ‡m wMÖK DcvL¨v‡b we‡kl K‡i cyivY Kvwnwb‡Z| Aviwe fvlvq
i‡q‡Q Av‡jd jvqjvi Kvwnwb; dviwm‡Z cvim¨ Dcb¨vm I ZzwZbvgv A_©vr †ZvZvKvwnwb| BD‡iv‡c M‡íi Drm
cvIqv †Mj evB‡e‡ji bvbv ag©xq Kvwnwb‡Z Ges wg_jwR‡Z| A‡cÿvK…Z cieZ©xKv‡j `ywU AmvaviY Mí msKjb
iwPZ nj BD‡iv‡c| GKwU Bs‡iR †jLK Pmv‡ii ÔK¨v›Uvi‡ewi †Ujm&Õ, Ab¨wU BZvjxq †jLK †ev°vwP‡qvi
Ô†WKv‡gibÕ| GB `ywU Mím¤¢vi cieZ©x BD‡ivcxq Mí I Dcb¨v‡mi A_©vr K_vmvwn‡Zï c_`ªóv|
Aek¨ †QvUM‡íi cÖK…Z wkíiƒ‡ci cÖKvk N‡U BD‡iv‡c wkí wecøe I divwm wecø‡ei c‡i| ZZw`‡b †ivgvÝ Kvwnwb
Avi Awfhvb Kvwnwbi hyMI AwZµvšÍ n‡q‡Q; †`Lv w`‡q‡Q ev¯Íe Rxe‡bi Av‡jL¨, Rxe‡bi bvbv i½iƒc I i‡mi
Kvwnwb| divwm †`‡kB †QvUM‡íi h_v_© wkíiƒ‡ci weKvk N‡U| Rxe‡bi †QvU NUbv‡K Kxfv‡e gnr Zvrch© †Ìqv
hvq Zv †`Lv‡jb wnD‡bv, evjRvK, †gwi‡g, †`v‡` cÖgyL wkíx| divwm †`‡k Mx `¨ †gvcvmuvi g‡Zv RMrweL¨vZ
†QvUMíKv‡ii Avwef©ve NUj| AmsL¨ M‡íi iPwqZv wZwb| †QvUMí‡K huviv wPiKvjxb gh©v`vq cÖwZwôZ K‡i‡Qb
†gvcvmv wbtm‡›`‡n Zuv‡ì GKRb| iæk mvwnZ¨ g~jZ Dcb¨v‡mi Rb¨ weL¨vZ n‡jI †QvUM‡íI G mvwn‡Zï Ae`vb
cÖf‚Z| A‡bK cÖwZfvevb †QvUMíKvi ivwkqv‡ZI R‡b¥‡Qb, †hgbÑ cykwKb, †Mv‡Mvj, Uj÷q, †MvwK© cÖgyL| Z‡e
mePvB‡Z L¨vwZgvb n‡jb AvšÍb †PLf, †QvUM‡íi Av‡iK gnvivRv| mim I eyw×`xß M‡íi RbK wZwb| iæk
mgv‡Ri iƒcKvi GB AmvaviY K_vwkíx †QvUMí‡K Abycg wkíKjvq cwiYZ K‡i‡Qb| Bs‡iwR mvwn‡Z¨ †QvUM‡í
huviv L¨vwZgvb Zuv‡ì g‡a¨ mgvi‡mU gg, wW.GBP. j‡iÝ, MÖvnvg MÖxb, K¨v_vwib g¨vÝwdì D‡‡jøL‡hvM¨|
Av‡gwiKv‡ZI †QvUM‡íi cwiPh©v n‡q‡Q| Av‡gwiKvi MíKvi‡ì g‡a¨ weL¨vZ IqvwksUb Avwf©s, b¨v_vwb‡qj n_b©,
†nbwi †Rgm, GWMvi Gjvb †cv, gvK© jÛb, I †nbwi; Rvg©vwb‡Z weL¨vZ myWvig¨vb Avi Ugvm g¨vb cÖgy‡Li bvg
¯§iYxq|
evsjv mvwn‡Z¨ M`¨ cÖwZôvi m~‡Î †QvUMí wk‡íiI weKvk n‡q‡Q| Z‡e Dwbk kZ‡Ki G‡Kev‡i †k‡li w`‡K
iex›`ªbv‡_i nv‡ZB evsjv †QvUM‡íi h_v_© iƒc dz‡U I‡V| iex›`ªbv‡_i c‡i A‡bK fv‡jv I ¯^bvgL¨vZ wkíx‡ì
Kj¨v‡Y evsjv †QvUMíI wek¦gvb AR©b K‡i|
evsjv †QvUM‡íi BwZnvm

evsjv †QvUM‡íi BwZnvm evsjv M‡`ï D™¢e I weKv‡ki m‡½ RwoZ| †QvUM‡íi fvlvi gva¨g M`¨| Dwbk kZ‡Ki
m~Pbvj‡Mœ †dvU© DBwjqvg K‡jR cÖwZôvi m~‡Î wKQy cvV¨cy¯ÍK iwPZ n‡qwQj, †h¸‡jv wQj AvL¨vbg~jK| c‡i
Ck¦iP›`ª we`¨vmvMi ÔK_vgvjvÕ I ÔAvL¨vbgÄixÕÑRvZxq QvÎcvV¨ MíKvwnwb iPbv K‡ib| Z‡e G¸‡jv †gŠwjK iPbv
bq| Zv Qvov G¸‡jv †QvUMíI bq| KwjKvZvq ZLb †h bvMwiKRxeb M‡o DVwQj Zvi g‡a¨ M‡íi Dcv`vb wQj
eû| Ggwb‡Z myL`ytLc~Y© evOvwjRxeb Míe¯‘‡Z ficyi| wKš‘ evOvwj †jL‡Kiv †QvUM‡íi wkíixwZi m‡½ cwiwPZ
wQ‡jb bv| iex›`ªbv_B cÖ_g evsjv mvwn‡Z¨ †QvUM‡íi m~ÎcvZ K‡ib| BwZnvmwePv‡i iex›`ªbv‡_i Av‡MI `yB
GKRb MíKv‡ii bvg D‡jøL Kiv nq| †hgb ew¼gP‡›`ªi AbyR c~Y©P›`ª P‡Ævcva¨vq| Zuvi ÔgaygZxÕ MíwU‡K cÖ_g
evsjv †QvUMí iƒ‡c aiv nq| ˆÎ‡jvK¨bv_ gy‡Lvcva¨vq eq‡m iex›`ªbv‡_i eo, wKš‘ Zuvi MímsKjb ÔIgi PwiZÕ
iex›`ªbv‡_i cÖ_g ch©v‡qi †QvUMí¸‡jvi c‡i cÖKvk †c‡qwQj| i½e¨½ I D™¢U Kíbv ˆÎ‡jvK¨bv‡_i M‡íi êwkó¨|

iex›`ªbv_ †QvUM‡íi ixwZbxwZ ey‡S wb‡qwQ‡jb| Dwbk kZ‡Ki †kl ch©v‡q Zuvi Mí cÖKvk †c‡Z _v‡K| iex›`ªbv_
cÖ_g Rxe‡b hLb wkjvB`n-kvnRv`cy‡i wQ‡jb, ZLb A‡bK Mí wj‡L‡Qb| iex›`ªbv‡_i cÖ_g ch©v‡qi M‡í evsjvi
MÖvgRxe‡bi Qwe I cÖK…wZwPÎ my›ìfv‡e dz‡U D‡V‡Q| c‡i bvMwiK Rxeb wb‡q wZwb my›ì my›ì Mí †j‡Lb| Zuvi
M‡í bibvixi m¤ú‡K©i Ges mgv‡Ri bvbv mgm¨vi cwiPq Av‡Q| mvivRxe‡b iex›`ªbv_ GKkwUi g‡Zv Mí
wj‡L‡Qb| iex›`ªbv‡_i Mí¸‡jvi msKj‡bi bvg ÔMí¸”QÕ|
iex›`ªbv‡_i c‡i evsjv M‡íi welqe¯‘‡Z I iƒcixwZ‡Z cwieZ©b Av‡m| fv‡jv fv‡jv †QvUMí-wkíxi Rb¥ nq evsjv
mvwn‡Z¨| Gu‡ì g‡a¨ D‡jøL‡hvM¨ cÖg_ †PŠayix, kirP›`ª P‡Ævcva¨vq, cÖfvZKzgvi gy‡Lvcva¨vq, RM`xk ¸ß,
wef‚wZf‚lY e‡›`¨vcva¨vq, Zvivk¼i e‡›`¨vcva¨vq, gvwbK e‡›`¨vcva¨vq, ivR‡kLi emy, †cÖ‡g›`ª wgÎ, Abœ`vk¼i ivq,
AwPšÍ¨ Kzgvi †mb¸ß, ebdzj, ey×‡è emy, my‡eva †Nvl, ˆmq` gyRZev Avjx, bvivqY M‡½vcva¨vq, mg‡ik emy,
†R¨vwZwi›`ª b›`x, wegj Ki cÖgyL| Guiv me DuPzgv‡bi Mí‡jLK| iex›`ªbv_ I Guiv mevB wg‡j evsjv Mí‡K wek¦gv‡b
†cuŠ‡Q w`‡q‡Qb| gvbe Rxe‡bi †QvU †QvU myL `yt‡Li K_v, mgvR msK‡Ui bvbv cÖkœ, N‡ivqv Rxeb, msmvi wPÎ,
Avw_©K Rxeb meB Gu‡ì M‡í ¯’vb †c‡q‡Q| †KD †KD PgrKvi nvmï‡mi Mí wj‡L‡Qb| fvlvq I Avw½‡KI bvbv
êwPÎ¨ jÿ Kiv hvq| G cÖm‡½ D‡jøL¨ †h, iex›`ªbv‡_i M‡íi Zzjbvq cieZ©xKv‡ji Mí¸‡jv‡Z mgvR ev¯ÍeZv
†ewk cÖwZdwjZ n‡q‡Q| †L‡U LvIqv mvaviY gvbyl I Zv‡ì Rxe‡bi †kvlY-eÂbv I wbcxo‡bi mZ¨ wPÎI G
Mí¸‡jv‡Z Av‡Q| Z‡e evsjv M‡í cÖavbZ ga¨weË Rxe‡bi QweB †ewk cvIqv hvq| Mí‡jL‡KivI cÖavbZ
ga¨‡kªwYi AšÍfz©³| Gu‡ì mgvR`„wó Ges ev¯ÍeZv‡evaI cÖLi| Gfv‡e MZ GKk eQi a‡i evsjv M‡íi wecyj
mg„w× N‡U‡Q|
evsjv‡`‡ki †QvUMí
iex›`ªbv‡_i c‡i evsjv †QvUMí bvbv avivq weKwkZ n‡Z _v‡K| G mgq evsjv mvwn‡Z¨ M‡íi A½‡b eû †jL‡Ki
Avwef©ve N‡U| iex›`ªbv_ 1941 m‡b cÖqvZ nb Ges Zuvi g„Zzï Qq eQi c‡i A_©vr 1947 G fviZ wef³ nq|
cvwK¯Ívwb Avg‡j evsjv mvwn‡Zï avivI `y‡Uv iv‡óª wef³ n‡q c‡o| eZ©gvb evsjv‡`k Ôc~e© cvwK¯ÍvbÕ bv‡g
AwfwnZ wQj| c~e© cvwK¯Ív‡bi ivRavbx XvKv ZLb †_‡K mvwnZ¨-ms¯‹…wZi †K›`ª n‡q I‡V| d‡j GLv‡bI †QvUMí
†jL‡Ki Avwef©ve NU‡Z _v‡K| Gu‡ì †KD †KD huviv Av‡M KjKvZvq wjL‡Zb, Zuviv XvKv P‡j Av‡mb| cvwK¯Ívb
Avg‡j evsjv †QvUM‡íi cÖ_g ch©v‡qi †jLK‡ì g‡a¨ i‡q‡Qb Aveyj gbmyi Avng`, Aveyj dRj, gvneye Dj
Avjg, Avey Rvdi kvgmyÏxb, ˆmq` IqvjxDjøvn& cÖgyL| Aveyj gbmyi Avng` ÔAvqbvÕ bv‡gi e¨½ MíMÖš’ wj‡L
L¨vwZgvb nb| G ch©v‡q gvneye Dj Avjg, Aveyj dRj, Avey Rvdi kvgmyÏxb Rxebag©x Mí wj‡L‡Qb| †mB mgq
ZiæY eqmx ˆmq` IqvjxDjøvn& Mí wj‡L mybvg AR©b K‡ib| Zuvi M‡íi Dc¯’vcbixwZ I fvlv †ek AvKl©Yxq I
AvaywbK| Gu‡ì mgKvjxb Av‡iv K‡qKRb Mí‡jLK evsjv M‡íi aviv‡K mg„× K‡i †Zv‡jb| Guiv n‡jb kIKZ
Imgvb, Avey BmnvK, Avey iæk`, mi`vi R‡qbD`&`xb| Guiv GKvwaK MíMÖ‡š’i cÖ‡YZv Ges evsjv‡`‡ki
Mímvwn‡Zï †ÿ‡Î D¾¡j e¨w³Z¡|
1952-Gi fvlv Av‡›`vjb evsjv‡`‡ki mvwnZ¨-ms¯‹…wZi †ÿ‡Î bZzb †PZbv I RxebwPšÍvi cÖKvk NUvq| M‡íi
†ÿ‡ÎI Gi cÖfve c‡o| GB cÖfv‡ei cÖZ¨ÿ dj bZzb cÖR‡b¥i Mí †jLK‡ì Avwef©ve| Gu‡ì g‡a¨ ¯^bvgab¨
n‡jb kvgmyÏxb Aveyj Kvjvg, AvjvDwÏb Avj AvRv`, Ave`yj Mvddvi †PŠayix, ˆmq` kvgmyj nK, †evinvb DwÏb
Lvb Rvnv½xi, mvBwq` AvwZKzjøvn, Rwni ivqnvb cÖgyL| kvgmyÏxb Aveyj Kvjvg wKQyw`b Av‡M cÖqvZ n‡q‡Qb| wZwb
MÖvg evsjvi Rxe‡bi iƒcKvi| AvjvDwÏb Avj AvRv` evsjv‡`wk †QvUM‡íi BwZnv‡m GKwU D¾¡j bvg| wZwb
GKw`‡K mgvRgb¯‹ †kªwY m‡PZb Mí †jLK, Ab¨w`‡K gvby‡li g‡bv‡jv‡Ki inm¨ mÜvbx| Ave`yj Mvddvi †PŠayix
GKmgq A‡bK Mí wj‡L‡Qb, GLb wZwb we‡`‡k _v‡Kb Ges Mí †jLv cÖvq †Q‡oB w`‡q‡Qb, Z‡e ivR‰bwZK Kjvg
†jLK wn‡m‡e L¨vwZ †c‡q‡Qb| Rwni ivqnv‡bi M‡í c~e©evsjvi mvgvwRK we‡ÿvf aiv c‡o‡Q| m`¨ cÖqvZ ˆmq`
kvgmyj nK gvbweK avivi Mí †jLK| eû MÖ‡š’i cÖ‡YZv wZwb| †evinvb DÏxb Lvb Rvnv½xi I mvBwq` AvwZKzjøvn
†ewk Mí bv wjL‡jI Guiv bvMwiK Rxe‡bi wewPÎ cÖm½ Zz‡j a‡i‡Qb Zuv‡ì M‡í|
lv‡Ui `k‡K evsjv‡`wk M‡íi avivq cwieZ©b Av‡m| mvgvwRK Rxe‡bi I iv‡óªi mgm¨v I Ø‡›Øi bvbv NUbv M‡í
Qvc †d‡j| M‡íi welqe¯‘Z I ixwZ‡ZI bZzbZ¡ Av‡m| GB mg‡qi Mí‡jL‡Kiv †P‡q‡Qb evsjv Mí‡K iƒcixwZ‡Z
Av‡iv AvaywbK I AvšÍR©vwZK †PZbvi m‡½ m¤ú„³ Ki‡Z| GB Ab¨Zg †miv MíKvi‡ì g‡a¨ i‡q‡Qb nvmvb
AvwRRyj nK, kIKZ Avjx I AvLZviæ¾vgvb Bwjqvm| Guiv wZbRbB weL¨vZ †QvUMíKvi, Zxÿèfv‡e bvMwiK I
mgvRgb¯‹| Gu‡ì M‡íi welqcwiPh©v I fvlvixwZ‡ZI wfbœ iƒc †`Lv wM‡q‡Q| eû MíMÖ‡š’i cÖ‡YZv AvLZviæ¾vgvb
Bwjqvm wbtm‡›`‡n GKRb D¾¡j †QvUMíwkíx| lv‡Ui `k‡Ki Ab¨vb¨ Mí‡jL‡Ki g‡a¨ ivnvZ Lvb, †R¨vwZ cÖKvk
`Ë I Avey eKi wmwÏ‡Ki bvgI D‡jøL Ki‡Z nq| ivnvZ Lvb ga¨weË Rxe‡bi iƒc-iƒcvšÍ‡ii Mí †j‡Lb, Avi Avey
eKi wmwÏ‡Ki M‡í Av‡Q Rxe‡bi msMÖvgwPÎ| †R¨vwZ cÖKv‡ki M‡íi fvlvfw½‡Z bZzbZ¡ i‡q‡Q| lv‡Ui `k‡Ki
Av‡iv K‡qKRb L¨vwZgvb Mí‡jLK n‡jb gyZ©Rv ewki, Ave`yj gvbœvb ˆmq` I ikx` nvq`vi|
52-i fvlv Av‡›`vjb, 66-i Qq `dv `vwe, 69-i MY-Afy¨Ìvb, 70-i wbe©vP‡b evOvwji wbi¼zk weR‡qi ciI ÿgZv
cÖ`v‡b cvwK¯Ívwb‡ì Abxnv cÖKvk Ges 1971 mv‡j `xN© bq gvm gyw³hy× †k‡l evsjv‡`k ¯^vaxb nq| ¯^vaxb
evsjv‡`‡k evsjv mvwnZ¨PP©vi †ÿÎ Av‡iv cÖk¯Í nq| M‡íi fze‡bI Av‡m bZzb DÏxcbv I bZzb AvMÖn| ¯^vaxbZv-
DËi evsjv‡`‡ki †QvUM‡íi cÖavb DcRxe¨ gyw³hy×| A‡bK mv_©K †QvUM‡í gyw³hy‡×i i³v³ ¯§„wZ wPwÎZ n‡q‡Q|
gyw³hy× QvovI mvgvwRK Rxe‡bi bvbv mgm¨v I Ø›Ø, Avw_©K Uvbv‡cv‡ob, g~j¨‡ev‡ai Aeÿq, bMivqY, cÖhyw³i
weKvk Ges G¸‡jvi AwfNv‡Z Rxe‡bi iƒc-iƒcvšÍi evsjv‡`‡ki †QvUM‡í ¯’vb †c‡q‡Q| M‡íi fvlv I Dc¯’vcb
ixwZ‡ZI G‡m‡Q cwieZ©b| mg‡qi AMÖhvÎvq cwieZ©b ¯^vfvweK| ¯^vaxbZv-DËi evsjv‡`‡k cy‡iv‡bv MíKvi‡ì
A‡b‡KB mwµq wQ‡jb Ges †KD †KD GL‡bv Mí †j‡Lb| kw³gvb bZzb MíKviivI evsjv‡`‡ki †QvUMí‡K mg„×
Ki‡Qb| bZzb cÖR‡b¥i MíKvi‡ì g‡a¨ D‡jøL‡hvM¨ n‡”Qb Kv‡qm Avng`, gBbyj Avnmvb mv‡ei, nwic` `Ë, gÄy
miKvi, bvmwib Rvnvb, nwik¼i Rj`vm cÖgyL|
mvims‡ÿc
†QvUMí evsjv mvwn‡Zï me©Kwbô mšÍvb| †QvUMí cÖ_‡g Mí Zvici †QvU| cuvPkZ †_‡K `yB nvRvi k‡ãi g‡a¨
†QvUMí iwPZ nIqv DËg| Z‡e GK-`yB c„ôvi †QvUMíI Av‡Q, Avevi wZwik-Pwjøk c„ôvi †QvUMíI Av‡Q|
Dcb¨v‡mi m‡½ †QvUM‡íi cv_©K¨ n‡”Q Dcb¨v‡m _v‡K Rxe‡bi we¯Í…Z DcvL¨vb, Avi Rxe‡bi GKwUgvÎ
Zvrch©c~Y© Ask‡K Aej¤^b K‡i iwPZ nq †QvUMí | Dcb¨vm mewKQy MÖnY K‡i, wKš‘ †QvUMí me evûj¨ eR©b
K‡i| iex›`ªbv_ Zuvi Ôel©vhvcbÕ KweZvq †QvUM‡íi welq I ixwZ m¤^‡Ü ¯úó aviYv w`‡q‡Qb| †QvUMí nj Ggb
GK mswÿß M`¨ iPbv hv Rxe‡bi †Kv‡bv GKwU Zvrch©c~Y© NUbv‡K Aej¤^b K‡i †jL‡Ki aviYvMZ e³e¨‡K
GKgyLx iƒc`vb K‡i|
†QvUM‡íi BwZnvm my`xN© Kv‡ji| iƒcK_vq, DcK_vq, bxwZM‡í I †jvKKvwnwb‡Z †QvUM‡íi Dcv`vb i‡q‡Q|
evsjv mvwn‡Z¨ M`¨ cÖwZôvi m~Î a‡i †QvUM‡íiI weKvk n‡q‡Q| Z‡e Dwbk kZ‡Ki G‡Kev‡i †k‡li w`‡K
iex›`ªbv‡_i nv‡ZB evsjv †QvUMí wk‡íi h_v_© iƒc dz‡U I‡V| iex›`ªbv‡_i c‡i †gavex K_vwkíx‡ì Kj¨v‡Y
evsjv †QvUMí wek¦gvb AR©b K‡i| ¯^vaxbZvi ci evsjv‡`‡ki ivRavbx XvKv mvwnZ¨-ms¯‹…wZi †K›`ª n‡q I‡V|
evsjv‡`wk †QvUM‡íi cÖ_g ch©v‡qi †jLK‡ì g‡a¨ i‡q‡Qb Aveyj gbmyi Avng`, Aveyj dRj, gvneye Dj
Avjg, Avey Rvdi kvgmyÏxb, ˆmq` IqvjxDjøvn& cÖgyL| Aveyj gbmyi Avng` ÔAvqbvÕ bv‡gi e¨½ MíMÖš’ wj‡L
we‡kl L¨vwZgvb nb| gvneye Dj Avjg, Aveyj dRj, Avey Rvdi kvgmyÏxb Rxebag©x Mí wj‡L‡Qb| Gu‡ì
mgKvjxb Av‡iv †h K‡qKRb Mí‡jLK evsjv‡`wk M‡íi aviv‡K mg„× K‡iwQ‡jb Gu‡ì g‡a¨ kIKZ Imgvb,
Avey BmnvK, Avey iæk` I mi`vi R‡qbD`&`xb D‡jøL‡hvM¨| Guiv evsjv‡`‡ki Mímvwn‡Z¨ D¾¡j e¨w³Z¡|

cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb : eûwbe©vPwb cÖkœ
1. †Kvb iPbvwU evsjv mvwn‡Z¨ cÖ_g †QvUMí?
K. Avqbv L. K_vgvjv
M. gaygZx N. AvL¨vbgÄix
2. evsjv M‡í ga¨weË Rxe‡bi cÖvavb¨ †h Kvi‡YÑ
K. Mí‡jLKiv ga¨weË †kÖwYi L. bZzb Rxeb-wPšÍvi cÖKvk NUvq
M. Mí‡jLKiv gvbweK avivi N. ga¨weË Rxe‡bi iƒc-iƒcvšÍ‡i
wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co–b Ges 3 I 4 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi w`b :
Rxe‡bi LÐvsk‡K †jLK GK ai‡bi M‡í im-wbweo K‡i mxwgZ cwim‡i Dc¯’vcb K‡ib| G RvZxq M‡í _v‡K
gvbeRxe‡bi bvbv Zvrch©c~Y© NUbv, Rxe‡bi †Kv‡bv we‡kl Abyf~wZ wKsev Dcjwä|
3. DÏxc‡Ki gg©v_© †h welqwUi m‡½ mvhyR¨c~Y©Ñ
K. †QvUMí L. Dcb¨vm
M. DcK_v N. bvUK
4. DÏxcK I cvV¨ welq Abyhvqx hv †QvUM‡íi êwkó¨ bqÑ
K. Rxe‡bi we¯Í…Z DcvL¨vb| L. PwiÎmsL¨v Kg|
M. Auv‡Uvmuv‡Uv iPbv| N. GKwUgvÎ e³e¨|
P~ovšÍ g~j¨vqb
eûwbe©vPwb cÖkœ :
5. †QvUM‡í MÖvgxY Rxe‡bi iƒcKvi n‡”QbÑ
K. Aveyj gbmyi Avng` L. †R¨vwZ cÖKvk `Ë
M. kvgmyÏxb Aveyj Kvjvg N. ivnvZ Lvb
6. †QvUMí n‡”Q gvbeRxe‡biÑ
K. Zvrch©c~Y© Ask L. we¯Í…Z DcvL¨vb
M. eûgvwÎK Dc¯’vcb N. wkw_j cwimgvwß
M‡íi BwZnvm gvby‡li Avw` BwZnv‡mi g‡ZvB cyivZb| Rxe‡bi M‡íi g‡ZvB GB MíI Avw`-AbšÍ| ejv hvq,
cyivKv‡ji Mí n‡ZB AvaywbK we‡k¦ †QvUM‡íi m~ÎcvZ|
7. DÏxc‡Ki fvee¯‘i m‡½ cvV¨vs‡ki †h wel‡qi mv`„k¨ i‡q‡QÑ
K. ag©K_v L. cÖvPxb Mí
M. cyivY N. AvL¨vb
8. Giƒc mv`„‡kï AšÍwb©wnZ KviYÑ
K. †QvUM‡íi Rb¥K_v L. Dcb¨v‡mi Rb¥K_v
M. cyiv‡Yi Rb¥e„ËvšÍ N. AvL¨vwqKvi Rb¥e„ËvšÍ
m„Rbkxj cÖkœ :
Rxe‡bi LÐvsk‡K mxwgZ cwim‡i Dc¯’vcb KivB †QvUM‡íi KvR| Gi ïiæ‡Z †hgb AvKw¯§KZv _v‡K, †Zgwb
cwimgvwßI bvUKxq| e¯‘Z †QvUMí nj gvbeRxe‡bi `yÕGKwU Zvrch©c~Y© NUbvi mgvnvi| evsjv mvwn‡Z¨ Dwbk
kZ‡Ki †k‡li w`‡K iex›`ªbv‡_i nv‡Z †QvUM‡íi h_v_© i~c dz‡U D‡V| MZ kZ‡K ¯^vaxb evsjv‡`‡ki Af~¨`q
G‡`‡ki M‡íi fye‡b bZzb DÏxcbv I RxebwPšÍvi cÖKvk NUvq| Gfv‡e evsjv‡`‡ki †QvUM‡í gyw³hy× n‡q‡Q
¸iæZ¡c~Y© DcRxe¨| G mgqKvi †QvUM‡í gyw³hy‡×i mv_©K wPÎvqY †`Lv hvq| G Qvov mgvR-Rxe‡bi bvbv Am½wZ
I Ø›Ø, Avw_©K Uvbv‡cv‡ob, g~j¨‡ev‡ai Aeÿq G¸‡jvi AwfNvZI G‡m‡Q| d‡j †QvUM‡íi Dc¯’vcbv I
fvlvixwZ‡ZI cwieZ©b mvwaZ n‡q‡Q|
K. ÔMí¸”QÕ †Kvb †jL‡Ki m¼jb MÖš’?
L. evsjv‡`‡ki †QvUM‡í fvlv Av‡›`vj‡bi cÖfve m¤ú‡K© wjLyb|
M. DÏxc‡Ki welqe¯‘ cvV¨wel‡qi m‡½ Kxfv‡e mv`„k¨c~Y©? ÑAv‡jvPbv Kiæb|
N. ÒDÏxc‡K evsjv †QvUM‡íi GKwU we‡kl Kv‡ji êwkó¨ dz‡U D‡V‡Q|Ó ÑAvcbvi cvV¨vs‡ki Av‡jv‡K
gšÍe¨wU wePvi Kiæb|
bgybv DËi : m„Rbkxj cÖkœ-1

K.
ÔMí¸”QÕ iex›`ªbv_ VvKzi iwPZ †QvUMímg~‡ni msKjb MÖš’|
L.
fvlv Av‡›`vjb evsjv‡`‡ki †QvUMí‡K e¨vcKfv‡e cÖfvweZ K‡i‡Q|
1952 mv‡ji fvlv Av‡›`vjb evsjv‡`‡ki mvwnZ¨ I ms¯‹…wZ RM‡Z bZzb †PZbv I Rxeb-wPšÍvi weKvk NUvq|
evsjv‡`‡ki †QvUM‡í GB Av‡›`vj‡bi cÖZ¨ÿ dj n‡”Q bZzb cÖR‡b¥i Mí-†jLK‡ì Avwe©fve| Gu‡ì g‡a¨
A‡b‡KB wQ‡jb MÖvg Rxe‡bi iƒcKvi| Zuviv GKw`‡K †hgb wQ‡jb mgvR-gb¯‹ †kÖwY m‡PZb †jLK, Ab¨w`‡K
gvby‡li g‡bv‡jv‡Ki inmÏ mÜvb K‡i‡Qb| bvMwiK Rxe‡bi wewPÎ cÖm½ Zuv‡ì †jLvq dz‡U D‡V‡Q|
M.
†QvUM‡íi êwkó¨ eY©bvi w`K †_‡K DÏxc‡Ki welqe¯‘ cvV¨wel‡qi m‡½ mv`„k¨c~Y©|
mvwn‡Z¨ †QvUMí GKwU we‡kl ai‡bi iPbv| GwU Ggb GK mswÿß M`¨ iPbv hv Rxe‡bi `yÕGKwU Zvrch©c~Y©
NUbv‡K Aej¤^b K‡i iwPZ nq| †QvUM‡í †jL‡Ki e¨w³MZ Abyf~wZ I aviYvMZ e³e¨‡K GKgyLx iƒc †Ìqv nq|
DÏxc‡K ejv n‡q‡Q, †QvUMí Rxe‡bi LÐvsk‡K mxwgZ cwim‡i Dc¯’vcb K‡i| Gi ïiæUv †hgb AvKw¯§K nq
†Zgwb Zvi cwiYwZI bvUKxqZvq fiv _v‡K| GQvov †QvUMí gvbeRxe‡bi ÿz`ªÿz`ª Zvrch©c~Y© NUbvmg~n‡K aviY
K‡i| Ab¨w`‡K, cvV¨wel‡q †QvUM‡íi mvgwMÖK êwkó¨ Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡q‡Q| ejv n‡q‡Q, Rxe‡bi †Kv‡bv we‡kl
mgm¨v ev msKUB n‡”Q †QvUM‡íi DcRxe¨| †QvUMí K_vi evûj¨ eR©b K‡i cwiYwZi w`‡K GwM‡q hvq| Avi
†QvUM‡í †jL‡Ki e¨w³‡Z¡i Qvc Abyf~Z nq| ZvB ejv hvq, †QvUM‡íi êwkó¨ eY©bvi w`K †_‡K DÏxc‡Ki
welqe¯‘ cvV¨wel‡qi m‡½ mv`„k¨c~Y© n‡q‡Q|
N.
DÏxc‡K evsjv †QvUM‡íi we‡kl Kv‡ji iƒcwU dz‡U D‡V‡Q|
†QvUMí AvaywbK Kv‡ji m„wó| †QvUMí M‡`¨ iwPZ wkíKg©| Dcb¨v‡mi g‡Zv Kvwnwbi we¯Í…wZ †QvUM‡í _v‡K bv,
A‡bKUv Avu‡Uvmuv‡Uv eÜ‡bi n‡q _v‡K| Avi †QvUM‡íi Kvwnwb GKgyLx _v‡K e‡j GwU `ªæZ cwiYvggyLx nq|
DÏxc‡K iex›`ª-cieZ©x gyw³hy×Kv‡ji evsjv †QvUM‡íi K_v ejv n‡q‡Q| ejv n‡q‡Q, ¯^vaxb evsjv‡`‡ki Af~¨`q
G‡`‡ki M‡íi fye‡b bZzb DÏxcbv I RxebwPšÍvi cÖKvk NwU‡q‡Q| G mg‡q iwPZ †QvUMímg~‡n gyw³hy‡×i wPÎ
dz‡U D‡V‡Q| G Qvov mgvR-Rxe‡bi bvbv Am½wZ I Ø›Ø, Avw_©K Uvbv‡cv‡ob, g~j¨‡ev‡ai Aeÿq BZ¨vw`
welq¸‡jvI †jLK‡ì †PvL Gwo‡q hvqwb| Ab¨w`‡K, cvV¨wel‡qI ejv n‡q‡Q, gyw³hy× evsjv †QvUM‡íi fye‡b
wb‡q G‡m‡Q bZzb DÏxcbv I Drmvn| G Qvov gyw³hy× evsjv †QvUMí †jLK‡ì bZzb Av‡jvq Av‡jvwKZ K‡i|

DÏxcK Ges cvV¨ welq Df‡qi Awš^ó gyw³hy× Ges ZrcieZ©xKv‡ji evsjv †QvUMí| DfqwU‡Z ejv n‡q‡Q, ¯^vaxb
evsjv‡`‡k †QvUMí PP©vi †ÿÎ AwaKZi cÖk¯Í nq| GQvov M‡íi fvlvixwZ‡ZI cwieZ©b G‡m‡Q| Z‡e cvV¨wel‡q
evsjv †QvUM‡íi GKwU avivevwnK mswÿß BwZnvm Dc¯’vc‡bi cÖqvm i‡q‡Q| GwU DÏxc‡K Dc¯’vwcZ nqwb| ZvB
ejv hvq, DÏxc‡K †Kej evsjv †QvUM‡íi GKwU we‡kl Kv‡ji AvenB dz‡U D‡V‡Q|
A¨vmvBb‡g›U : m„Rbkxj cÖkœ : wb‡R Kiæb

Avwg †KejgvÎ wn›`y-gymjgvb‡K GK RvqMvq a‡i G‡b n¨vÛk¨vK Kivevi †Póv K‡iwQ, MvjvMvwj‡K MjvMwj‡Z
cwiYZ Kivi †Póv K‡iwQ| †m nv‡Z nvZ wgjv‡bv hw` nvZvnvwZi †P‡qI A‡kvfb n‡q _v‡K, Zvn‡j Iiv Avcwb
Avjv`v n‡q hv‡e, Avgvi MuvUQovi euvab KvU‡Z Zv‡ì †Kv‡bv †eM †c‡Z n‡e bv| †Kbbv, GKR‡bi nv‡Z Av‡Q
jvwV, Avi GKR‡bi Avw¯Í‡b Av‡Q Qzwi|
K. †QvUM‡íi h_v_© weKvk N‡U †Kvb †`‡k?
L. c„w_exi cÖvPxb Mí¸‡jvi g‡a¨ wgj †`Lv hvq †Kb?
M. DÏxc‡Ki welqe¯‘i m‡½ †QvUM‡íi ‰emv`„k¨ †Kv_vq? ÑAv‡jvPbv Kiæb|
N. ÒDÏxcKwU †QvUM‡íi †PZbv‡K aviY K‡i bv|Ó Ñwe‡kølY Kiæb|
DËigvjv : eûwbe©vPwb cÖkœ

1. M 2. K 3. K 4. K 5. M 6. K 7. L 8. K
kvw¯Í
iex›`ªbv_ VvKyi
f~wgKv
iex›`ªbv_ VvKz‡ii Mí¸”Q cÖ_g LÐ (1900) I ALÐ (1927) †_‡K Ôkvw¯ÍÕ MíwU msKwjZ n‡q‡Q| Ôkvw¯ÍÕ Mí cÖ_g
cÖKvwkZ nq mvabv cwÎKvq 1300 e½v‡ãi kªveY msL¨vq| cÖvq †mvqv‡kv eQi c~‡e© iwPZ GB Mí evOvwj
†QvUMvwíK‡ì Kv‡Q GLbI ixwZg‡Zv GK we¯§‡qi welq| c„w_exi Ab¨Zg †kªô GKRb †ivgvw›UK Kwe Ôkvw¯ÍÕi
g‡Zv GKwU AmvaviY ev¯ÍegyLx Mí wj‡L‡Qb cÖvq †mvqv‡kv eQi c~‡e©, GK_v fve‡j mwZ¨B wew¯§Z n‡Z nq|
Rwg`vi iex›`ªbv_ Rwg`vwi †`Lfv‡ji Rb¨ c~e©evsjvi wkjvB`n-mvRv`cyi-cwim‡i `xN© `k eQi (1891-1900)
KvwU‡q‡Qb| †m mgq wZwb f~wgnxb `wi`ª Pvwl‡ì `ytL-`yie¯’v KvQ †_‡K †`‡L‡Qb| †mB AwfÁZvB Ôkvw¯ÍÕ M‡í
iƒcjvf K‡i‡Q|
mvaviY D‡Ïk¨
iex›`ªbv_ VvKz‡ii Ôkvw¯ÍÕ MíwU cv‡Vi ci AvcwbÑ
 iex›`ª †QvUM‡íi wkí‰ewkó¨ Av‡jvPbv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
 †QvUMí wn‡m‡e Ôkvw¯ÍÕi mv_©KZv wePvi Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
 M‡íi bvg †Kb Ôkvw¯ÍÕ nj Zv e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
 Ôkvw¯ÍÕ M‡íi †K›`ªxq PwiÎ P›ìv-PwiÎ e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
 f~wgnxb `wi`ª Pvwli Rxeb-ev¯ÍeZv Av‡jvPbv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
cvV-1
cvVwfwËK D‡Ïk¨
G cvVwU c‡o Avcwb
 `ywLivg I wQ`v‡gi PwiÎ‰ewkó¨ wjL‡Z cvi‡eb|
 `ywLiv‡gi nv‡Z ivav Kxfv‡e Lyb n‡jv, Zv eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
 f~wgnxb `wi`ª Pvwli Dci Rwg`vi‡ì wbh©vZb I jvÃbv eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
g~jcvV
c«_g cwi‡”Q` [m¤úv`bv]
`ywLivg iæB Ges wQ`vg iæB `yB fvB mKv‡j hLb `v nv‡Z jBqv Rb LvwU‡Z evwni nBj ZLb Zvnv‡ì
`yB ¯¿xi g‡a¨ eKvewK †PuPv‡gwP Pwj‡Z‡Q| wKš‘, cªK…wZi Ab¨vb¨ bvbvwea wbZ¨Kji‡ei b¨vq GB Kjn-†KvjvnjI
cvovmy× †jv‡Ki Af¨vm nBqv †M‡Q| Zxeª KÉ¯î ïwbevgvÎ †jv‡K ci¯úi‡K e‡j, ÒH †i evwaqv wMqv‡Q|Ó A_©vr,
†hgbwU Avkv Kiv hvq wVK †ZgbwU NwUqv‡Q, AvRI ¯^fv‡ei wbq‡gi †Kv‡bviƒc e¨Z¨q nq bvB| cªfv‡Z c~e© w`‡K
m~h© DwV‡j †hgb †Kn Zvnvi KviY wRÁvmv K‡i bv †Zgwb GB Kywi‡ì evowZ `yB Rv‡qi g‡a¨ hLb GKUv ‰n-‰n
cwoqv hvq ZLb Zvnvi KviY wbY©‡qi Rb¨ KvnviI †Kv‡bviƒc †KŠZ~n‡ji D‡`ªK nq bv|

Aek¨ GB †Kv›`j-Av‡›`vjb cÖwZ‡ekx‡ì A‡cÿv `yB ¯^vgx‡K †ewk ¯úk© KwiZ m‡›`n bvB, wKš‘ †mUv Zvnviv
†Kv‡bviƒc Amyweavi g‡a¨ MY¨ KwiZ bv| Zvnviv `yB fvB †hb `xN© msmvic_ GKUv G°vMvwo‡Z Kwiqv Pwjqv‡Q, `yB
w`‡Ki `yB w¯úªswenxb PvKvi Awek«vg Qo& Qo& Lo& Lo& kãUv‡K Rxebi_hvÎvi GKUv wewawewnZ wbq‡gi g‡a¨B awiqv
jBqv‡Q| eiÂ N‡i †h w`b †Kv‡bv kãgvÎ bvB, mg¯Í _g&_g& Qg&Qg& Kwi‡Z‡Q, †m w`b GKUv Avmbœ A‰bmwM©K
Dc`ª‡ei Avk¼v Rwb¥Z, †mw`b †h KLb Kx nB‡e Zvnv †Kn wnmve Kwiqv ewj‡Z cvwiZ bv|
Avgv‡ì M‡íi NUbv †hw`b Avi¤¢ nBj †mw`b mÜ¨vi cªv°v‡j `yB fvB hLb Rb LvwUqv kªvšÍ‡`‡n N‡i wdwiqv
Avwmj ZLb †`wLj ¯Íä M…n Mg&Mg& Kwi‡Z‡Q|
evwn‡iI AZ¨šÍ ¸gU| `yB-cªn‡ii mgq Lye GK-ckjv e…wó nBqv wMqv‡Q| GL‡bv Pvwi w`‡K †gN Rwgqv Av‡Q|
evZv‡mi †jkgvÎ bvB| el©vq N‡ii Pvwi w`‡K R½j Ges AvMvQv¸jv AZ¨šÍ evwoqv DwVqv‡Q, †mLv‡b nB‡Z Ges
RjgMœ cv‡Ui †LZ nB‡Z wm³ Dw™¢‡¾i Nb MÜev®ú PZyw`©‡K GKwU wbðj cªvPx‡ii g‡Zv RgvU nBqv ùvovBqv
Av‡Q| †Mvqv‡ji cðvØZ©x †Wvevi ga¨ nB‡Z †fK WvwK‡Z‡Q Ges wSwjøi‡e mÜ¨vi wb¯Íä AvKvk G‡Kev‡i cwic~Y©|
A`~‡i el©vi cÙv be‡gN”Qvqvq e‡ov w¯’i fqsKi fve aviY Kwiqv Pwjqv‡Q| k‡m¨‡ÿÎi AwaKvskB fvwOqv
†jvKvj‡qi KvQvKvwQ Avwmqv cwoqv‡Q| Ggb-wK, fvO‡bi av‡i `yB-PvwiUv Avg-KuvVvj Mv‡Qi wkKo evwni nBqv
†`Lv w`qv‡Q, †hb Zvnv‡ì wbiæcvq gywói cªmvwiZ AO&¸wj¸wj k~‡b¨ GKUv-wKQy AwšÍg Aej¤^b AuvKwoqv awievi
†Póv Kwi‡Z‡Q|
`ywLivg Ges wQ`vg †mw`b Rwg`v‡ii KvQvwi-N‡i KvR Kwi‡Z wMqvwQj| I cv‡ii P‡i Rwjavb cvwKqv‡Q| el©vq Pi
fvwmqv hvBevi c~‡e©B avb KvwUqv jBevi Rb¨ †`‡ki `wi`ª †jvK gv‡ÎB †Kn ev wb‡Ri †L‡Z †Kn ev cvU LvwU‡Z
wbhy³ nBqv‡Q; †Kej KvQvwi nB‡Z †cqv`v Avwmqv GB `yB fvB‡K Re`©w¯Í Kwiqv awiqv jBqv †Mj| KvQvwi-N‡i
Pvj †f` Kwiqv ¯’v‡b ¯’v‡b Rj cwo‡ZwQj ZvnvB mvwiqv w`‡Z Ges †MvUvKZK Suvc wbg©vY Kwi‡Z Zvnviv mg¯Í w`b
LvwUqv‡Q| evwo Avwm‡Z cvq bvB, KvQvwi nB‡ZB wKwÂr Rjcvb LvBqv‡Q| g‡a¨ g‡a¨ e…wó‡ZI wfwR‡Z nBqv‡Q -
DwPZgZ cvIbv gRywi cvq bvB, Ges Zvnvi cwie‡Z© †h mKj Ab¨vq KUy K_v ïwb‡Z nBqv‡Q, †m Zvnv‡ì cvIbvi
A‡bK AwZwi³|
c‡_i Kv`v Ges Rj fvwOqv mÜ¨v‡ejvq evwo wdwiqv Avwmqv `yB fvB †`wLj, †Qv‡Uv Rv P›ìv f~wg‡Z AÂj cvwZqv
Pyc Kwiqv cwoqv Av‡Q - AvwRKvi GB †gNjv w`‡bi g‡Zv †mI ga¨v‡ý cÖPyi Ak«yel©Yc~e©K mvqv‡ýi KvQvKvwQ ÿvšÍ
w`qv AZ¨šÍ ¸gU Kwiqv Av‡Q; Avi e‡ov Rv ivav gyLUv g¯Í Kwiqv `vIqvq ewmqv wQj; Zvnvi †ò erm‡ii †Qv‡Uv
†Q‡jwU Kuvw`‡ZwQj| `yB fvB hLb cª‡ek Kwij †`wLj, Dj½ wkï c«v½‡Yi GK cv‡k¦© wPr nBqv cwoqv NygvBqv
Av‡Q|
ÿywaZ `ywLivg Avi Kvjwej¤^ bv Kwiqv ewjj, ÒfvZ †`|Ó
e‡oveD eviæ‡ì e¯Ívq ùywj½cv‡Zi g‡Zv GK gyn~‡Z©B Zxe« KÉ¯î AvKvk-cwigvY Kwiqv ewjqv DwVj, ÒfvZ
†Kv_vq †h fvZ wè| ZyB wK Pvj w`qv wMqvwQwj| Avwg wK wb‡R †ivRMvi Kwiqv Avwbe|Ó
mvivw`‡bi k«vwšÍ I jvÃbvi ci Abœnxb wbivb›` AÜKvi N‡i c«R¡wjZ ÿyavb‡j, M…wnYxi iæÿ ePb, we‡klZ †kl
K_vUvi †Mvcb KyrwmZ †køl `ywLiv‡gi nVvr †Kgb G‡Kev‡iB Amn¨ nBqv DwVj| evKiy× e¨v‡Nªi b¨vq M¤¢xi MR©‡b
ewjqv DwVj, ÒKx ejwj !Ó ewjqv gyn~‡Z©i g‡a¨ `v jBqv wKQy bv fvweqv G‡Kev‡i ¯¿xi gv_vq emvBqv w`j| ivav
Zvnvi †Qv‡Uv Rv‡qi †Kv‡ji Kv‡Q cwoqv †Mj Ges g„Zy¨ nB‡Z gyn~Z© wej¤^ nBj bv|
P›ìv i³wm³ e‡¯¿ ÒKx nj †MvÓ ewjqv PxrKvi Kwiqv DwVj| wQ`vg Zvnvi gyL Pvwcqv awij| `ywLivg `v †dwjqv
gy‡L nvZ w`qv nZeyw×i g‡Zv f~wg‡Z ewmqv cwoj| †Q‡jUv RvwMqv DwVqv f‡q PxrKvi Kwiqv Kuvw`‡Z jvwMj|
evwn‡i ZLb cwic~Y© kvwšÍ| ivLvjevjK †Mviæ jBqv Mªv‡g wdwiqv Avwm‡Z‡Q| cicv‡ii P‡i hvnviv b~ZbcK¡ avb
KvwU‡Z wMqvwQj Zvnviv cuvP-mvZR‡b GK-GKwU †Qv‡Uv †bŠKvq G cv‡i wdwiqv cwikª‡gi cyi¯‹vi `yB Pvwi AuvwU avb
gv_vq jBqv c«vq mK‡jB wbR wbR N‡i Avwmqv †cuŠwQqv‡Q|
PµeZ©x‡ì evwoi ivg‡jvPb Ly‡ov Mªv‡gi WvKN‡i wPwV w`qv N‡i wdwiqv wbwðšÍg‡b PycPvc ZvgvK LvB‡ZwQ‡jb|
nVvr g‡b cwoj, Zuvnvi †Kvd©v cªRv `ywLi A‡bK UvKv LvRbv evwK ; AvR wKq`sk †kva Kwi‡e cªwZk«yZ nBqvwQj|
GZÿ‡Y Zvnviv evwo wdwiqv‡Q w¯’i Kwiqv, PvìUv Kuv‡a †dwjqv, QvZv jBqv evwni nB‡jb|
Kywi‡ì evwo‡Z XywKqv Zuvnvi Mv Qg& Qg& Kwiqv DwVj| †`wL‡jb, N‡i cª`xc R¡vjv nq bvB| AÜKvi `vIqvq `yB-
PvwiUv AÜKvi g~wZ© A¯úó †`Lv hvB‡Z‡Q| iwnqv iwnqv `vIqvi GK †KvY nB‡Z GKUv AùyU †iv`b D”Q¡wmZ nBqv
DwV‡Z‡Q - Ges †Q‡jUv hZ Ôgv gvÕ ewjqv Kuvw`qv DwV‡Z †Póv Kwi‡Z‡Q wQ`vg Zvnvi gyL Pvwcqv awi‡Z‡Q|
ivg‡jvPb wKQy fxZ nBqv wRÁvmv Kwi‡jb, Ò`ywL, AvwQm bvwK|Ó `ywL GZÿY cª¯Íig~wZi g‡Zv wbðj nBqv ewmqv
wQj, Zvnvi bvg awiqv WvwKevgvÎ G‡Kev‡i A‡eva evj‡Ki g‡Zv D”Q¡wmZ nBqv Kuvw`qv DwVj| wQ`vg ZvovZvwo
`vIqv nB‡Z A½‡b bvwgqv PµeZ©xi wbK‡U Avwmj| PµeZ©x wRÁvmv Kwi‡jb, ÒgvMxiv eywS SMov Kwiqv ewmqv
Av‡Q? AvR †Zv mg¯Í w`bB PxrKvi ïwbqvwQ|Ó
GZÿY wQ`vg wKsKZ©e¨ wKQyB fvweqv DwV‡Z cv‡i bvB| bvbv Am¤¢e Mí Zvnvi gv_vq DwV‡ZwQj| AvcvZZ w¯’i
KwiqvwQj, ivwÎ wKwÂr AwaK nB‡j g…Z‡`n †Kv_vI mivBqv †dwj‡e| BwZg‡a¨ †h PµeZ©x Avwmqv Dcw¯’Z nB‡e,
G †m g‡bI K‡i bvB| dm& Kwiqv †Kv‡bv DËi †RvMvBj bv| ewjqv †dwjj, Ònuv, AvR Lye SMov nBqv wMqv‡Q|Ó
PµeZ©x `vIqvi w`‡K AM«mi nBevi Dcµg Kwiqv ewjj, ÒwKš‘ †mRb¨ `ywL Kuv‡` †Kb †i|Ó
wQ`vg †`wLj, Avi iÿv nq bv ; nVvr ewjqv †dwjj, ÒSMov Kwiqv †Qv‡UveD e‡oveD‡qi gv_vq GK `v‡qi †Kvc
emvBqv w`qv‡Q|Ó
Dcw¯’Z wec` QvW়v †h Avi-†Kv‡bv wec` _vwK‡Z cv‡i, G K_v mn‡R g‡b nq bv| wQ`vg ZLb fvwe‡ZwQj, ÔfxlY
m‡Zï nvZ nB‡Z Kx Kwiqv iÿv cvBe|' wg_¨v †h Z`‡cÿv fxlY nB‡Z cv‡i Zvnv Zvnvi Ávb nBj bv|
ivg‡jvP‡bi cªkœ ïwbevgvÎ Zvnvi gv_vq ZrÿYvr GKUv DËi †RvMvBj Ges ZrÿYvr ewjqv †dwjj|
ivg‡jvPb PgwKqv DwVqv Kwnj, ÒAu¨v! ewjm Kx! g‡i bvB †Zv !Ó
wQ`vg Kwnj, Ògwiqv‡Q|Ó ewjqv PµeZ©xi cv RovBqv awij|
PµeZ©x cvjvBevi c_ cvq bv| fvwej, Ôivg ivg ! mÜ¨v‡ejvq G Kx wec‡`B cWw়jvg| Av`vj‡Z mvÿ¨ w`‡Z
w`‡ZB c«vY evwni nBqv cwo‡e !Õ wQ`vg wKQy‡ZB Zuvnvi cv QvWw়j bv; Kwnj, Ò`v`vVvKyi, GLb Avgvi eD‡K
euvPvBevi Kx Dcvq Kwi|Ó
gvgjv-†gvKÏgvi civg‡k© ivg‡jvPb mg¯Í Mªv‡gi cªavb gš¿x wQ‡jb| wZwb GKUy fvweqv ewj‡jb, Ò†`L, Bnvi GK
Dcvq Av‡Q| ZyB GLbB _vbvq QywUqv hv - ej †M, †Zvi e‡ov fvB `ywL mÜ¨v‡ejvq N‡i Avwmqv fvZ PvwnqvwQj,
fvZ c«¯ÍyZ wQj bv ewjqv ¯¿xi gv_vq `v emvBqv w`qv‡Q| Avwg wbðq ewj‡ZwQ, G K_v ewj‡j QyuwoUv euvwPqv
hvB‡e|Ó
wQ`v‡gi KÉ ï®‹ nBqv Avwmj; DwVqv Kwnj, ÒVvKyi, eD †M‡j eD cvBe, wKš‘ Avgvi fvB duvwm †M‡j Avi †Zv fvB
cvBe bv|Ó wKš‘, hLb wb‡Ri ¯¿xi bv‡g †`vlv‡ivc KwiqvwQj ZLb G-mKj K_v fv‡e bvB| ZvovZvwo‡Z GKUv
KvR Kwiqv †dwjqv‡Q, GLb AjwZfv‡e gb Avcbvi c‡ÿ hyw³ Ges cª‡eva mÂq Kwi‡Z‡Q|
PµeZ©xI K_vUv hyw³msMZ †eva Kwi‡jb ; Kwn‡jb ÒZ‡e †hgbwU NwUqv‡Q ZvB ewjm, mKj w`K iÿv Kiv
Am¤¢e!Ó
ewjqv ivg‡jvPb Awej‡¤^ c«¯’vb Kwij Ges †`wL‡Z †`wL‡Z Mªv‡g ivó« nBj †h, Kywi‡ì evwoi P›ìv ivMvivwM
Kwiqv Zvnvi e‡ov Rv‡qi gv_vq `v emvBqv w`qv‡Q|
euva fvwO‡j †hgb Rj Av‡m Mªv‡gi g‡a¨ †Zgwb ûû k‡ã cywjm Avwmqv cwoj ; Acivax Ges wbicivax mK‡jB
welg DwØMœ nBqv DwVj|

wbe©vwPZ k‡ãi A_© I UxKv :
A½bÑ DVvb| AÂjÑ GjvKv; GLv‡b kvwoi AuvPj A‡_© eëüZ| A‰bmwM©KÑ A‡jŠwKK, A¯^vfvweK| Dw™¢¾Ñ
Dw™¢`RMr| Dc`ªeÑ DrcvZ, AZ¨vPvi, wec`| G°vMvwoÑ `yB PvKvwewkó GK †Nvovi Mvwo| †Kvd©v cÖRvÑ f~wgnxb
Pvwl, LvRbvi wewbg‡q Rwg`v‡ii Rwg‡Z emevmiZ cÖRv| ÿzavb‡jÑ ÿzavi Av¸‡b| Rb LvwU‡ZÑ gRywi LvU‡Z|
`vIqvÑ eviv›`v, †ivqvK| †cqv`vÑ msevèvnK, `~Z; GLv‡b Pvcivwk A‡_© eëüZ| cÖavbgš¿xÑ gwš¿mfvi cÖavb
whwb; GLv‡b `ÿ ev AwfÁ A‡_© eëüZ| welgÑ `viæY, mv•NvwZK, KwVb; GLv‡b fqvbK A‡_© eëüZ| e¨Z¨qÑ
e¨wZµg, wecixZ wKQz, Ab¨_v| †fKÑ e¨vO| mvqvý- mÜ¨v, muvS| ivóª nBjÑ GLv‡b cÖPvwiZ nIqv A‡_© eëüZ|
†jvKvjqÑ RbemwZ, †hLv‡b gvbyl evm K‡i|
mvims‡ÿc :
`ywLivg I wQ`vg `yB fvB| Avw_©Kfv‡e LyeB `wi`ª Zviv| A‡bï Rwg‡Z evm K‡i, gRywi †L‡U †Kv‡bv iK‡g
RxweKv wbe©vn K‡i| `yB fvB‡qi g‡a¨ wgj _vK‡jI Zv‡ì ¯¿x ivav I P›ìv me mgq Kjn KiZ| GKw`b
`ywLivg KvR †k‡l evwo wd‡i ¯¿x ivavi Kv‡Q fvZ Pvq| N‡i Pvj bv _vKvq ivav `ywLivg‡K fvZ w`‡Z cvij bv|
D‡ëv ejjÑ ÔAvwg wK wb‡R †ivRMvi Kwiqv Avwbe|Õ G‡K †c‡U ÿz`v, Zvi Ici GB K_vUvi †Mvcb KyrwmZ
Bw½‡Z `yywLivg wÿß n‡q ivavi gv_vq `v‡qi †Kvc ewm‡q †`q| d‡j ivav gviv hvq| fvB‡K euvPv‡bvi Rb¨ wQ`vg
†P‡qwQj ivavi g„Z‡`n †Kv_vI mwi‡q †dj‡e| wKš‘ mÜ¨v‡ejv LvRbv Av`vq Kivi Rb¨ ivg‡jvPb PµeZx©
`ywLiv‡gi evwo‡Z Av‡m| d‡j ivavi nZ¨vKv‡Ði K_v †R‡b hvq ivg‡jvPb| µ‡g AwZ `ªæZ mviv GjvKvq K_vUv
Qwo‡q c‡o Ges cywjk G‡m nvwRi nq| mK‡jB welg wec‡` c‡o|
cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb
1. gvgjv-†gvKÏgvi civg‡k© mg¯Í MÖv‡gi cÖavbgš¿x †K?
K. ivg‡jvPb gRyg`vi L. `ywLivg iæB
M. wQ`vg iæB N. ivg‡jvPb PµeZ©x
2. `ywLivg eo eD‡qi gv_vq `vÕ ewm‡q w`‡qwQj †h Kvi‡YÑ
K. fvZ w`‡Z †`wi nIqvq L. eo eD‡qi KzrwmZ †kø‡l
M. P›ìvi m‡½ SMov nIqvq N. wkï mšÍvb KvbœvKvwU Kivq
bxjKi‡ì Avwef©v‡e evsjvi Pvwliv Avcb Rwg nvwi‡q wbR Rwg eM©v wb‡q Pvl KiZ| KLbI KLbI †eMviI LvU‡Z
nZ Zv‡ì| Gfv‡e K‡Vvi cwikÖg K‡i Zviv dm‡ji †h fvM †c‡Zv Zv‡Z RxweKv wbe©vn nZ bv| d‡j msmv‡i
AkvwšÍ †j‡MB _vKZ|
3. DÏxc‡Ki Pvwli m‡½ Ôkvw¯ÍÕ M‡í Kv‡ì mv`„k¨ i‡q‡Q?
K. `ywLivg iæB I wQ`vg iæB L. Rwg`vi I †cqv`v
M. cywjk I †mkb RR N. ivg‡jvPb PµeZ©x I Kvkxbv_ gRyg`vi
4. DÏxcK I Ôkvw¯ÍÕ M‡í cÖKvk †c‡q‡QÑ
i. †kÖwY †kvlY
ii. wQ`v‡gi Rei`w¯Í
iii. †cqv`vi †`ªvn
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
K. i L. ii
M. iii N. ii I iii
cvV-2
cvVwfwËK D‡Ïk¨
GB cvVwU cov †k‡l AvcwbÑ
 fvB‡K euvPv‡bvi Rb¨ wQ`v‡gi KcU D‡Ïk¨ e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
 wQ`vg I P›ìvi `v¤úZ¨ m¤ú‡K©i cwiPq w`‡Z cvi‡eb|
 `ywLivg-wQ`vg Ges ivav-P›ìv Pwi‡Îi Zzjbv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
g~jcvV
wØZxq cwi‡”Q` [m¤úv`bv]
wQ`vg fvwej, †h c_ KvwUqv †dwjqv‡Q †mB c‡_B Pwj‡Z nB‡e| †m PµeZ©xi Kv‡Q wbRgy‡L GK K_v
ewjqv †dwjqv‡Q, †m K_v Muv-my× ivó« nBqv cwoqv‡Q ; GLb Avevi Avi-GKUv wKQy c«Kvk nBqv cwo‡j Kx Rvwb Kx
nB‡Z Kx nBqv cwo‡e †m wb‡RB wKQy fvweqv cvBj bv| g‡b Kwij, †Kv‡bvg‡Z †m K_vUv iÿv Kwiqv Zvnvi mwnZ
Avi cuvPUv Mí Rywoqv ¯¿x‡K iÿv Kiv QvW়v Avi †Kv‡bv c_ bvB|
wQ`vg Zvnvi ¯¿x P›ìv‡K Aciva wbR ¯‹‡Ü jBevi Rb¨ Aby‡iva Kwij| †m †Zv G‡Kev‡i eRªvnZ nBqv †Mj|
wQ`vg Zvnv‡K Avk¦vm w`qv Kwnj, Òhvnv ewj‡ZwQ ZvB Ki, †Zvi †Kv‡bv fq bvB, Avgiv †Zv‡K euvPvBqv wè|Ó
Avk¦vm w`j e‡U wKš‘ Mjv ïKvBj, gyL cvsïeY© nBqv †Mj|
P›ìvi eqm m‡Z‡iv-AvVv‡ivi AwaK nB‡e bv| gyLLvwb üócyó †MvjMvj; kixiwU AbwZ`xN©; AuvUmuvU; my¯’mej
A½cªZ¨‡½i g‡a¨ Ggb GKwU †mŠôe Av‡Q †h Pwj‡Z-wdwi‡Z bwo‡Z-Pwo‡Z †`‡ni †Kv_vI †hb wKQy ev‡a bv|
GKLvwb b~Zb-ˆZwi †bŠKvi g‡Zv; †ek †Qv‡Uv Ges my‡Wvj, AZ¨šÍ mn‡R m‡i Ges Zvnvi †Kv_vI †Kv‡bv Mªwš’
wkw_j nBqv hvq bvB| c…w_exi mKj wel‡qB Zvnvi GKUv †KŠZyK Ges †KŠZ~nj Av‡Q ; cvovq Mí Kwi‡Z hvB‡Z
fv‡jvev‡m, Ges Ky¤¢ K‡ÿ Nv‡U hvB‡Z-Avwm‡Z `yB AO&¸wj w`qv †NvgUv Clr duvK Kwiqv D¾¡j PÂj NbK…ò †PvL
`yÕwU w`qv c‡_i g‡a¨ `k©b‡hvM¨ hvnv-wKQy mg¯Í †`wLqv jq|
e‡oveD wQj wVK Bnvi Dëv; AZ¨šÍ G‡jv‡g‡jv wX‡jXvjv, A‡MvQv‡jv| gv_vi Kvco, †Kv‡ji wkï, NiKbœvi KvR
wKQyB †m mvgjvB‡Z cvwiZ bv| nv‡Z we‡kl GKUv wKQy KvRI bvB A_P †Kv‡bv Kv‡j †hb †m Aemi Kwiqv DwV‡Z
cv‡i bv| †Qv‡Uv Rv Zvnv‡K AwaK wKQy K_v ewjZ bv, g…`y¯^‡i `yB-GKUv Zxÿè `skb KwiZ, Avi †m nvD-nvD `vD-
`vD Kwiqv ivwMqv-gvwMqv ewKqv-SwKqv mviv nBZ Ges cvovmy× Aw¯’i Kwiqv ZywjZ|
GB `yB Rywo ¯^vgx-¯¿xi g‡aÏ ¯^fv‡ei GKUv Avðh© HK¨ wQj| `ywLivg gvbylUv wKQy e…n`vqZ‡biÑ nvo¸jv Lye
PIov, bvwmKv Le©, `ywU Pÿy GB `…k¨gvb msmvi‡K †hb fv‡jv Kwiqv †ev‡S bv, A_P Bnv‡K †Kv‡bviƒc cÖkœ Kwi‡ZI
Pvq bv| Ggb wbixn A_P fxlY, Ggb mej APj wbiæcvq gvbyl AwZ `yj©f|
Avi wQ`vg‡K GKLvwb PK&P‡K Kv‡jv cv_‡i †K †hb eû h‡Zœ Kyuw`qv Mwoqv Zywjqv‡Q| †jkgvÎ evûj¨-ewR©Z Ges
†Kv_vI †hb wKQy †Uvj Lvq bvB| c«‡Z¨K A½wU e‡ji mwnZ ‰bcy‡Yï mwnZ wgwkqv AZ¨šÍ m¤ú~Y©Zv jvf Kwiqv‡Q|
b`xi D”P cvo nB‡Z jvdvBqv co–K, jwM w`qv †bŠKv †VjyK, euvkMv‡Q Pwoqv evwQqv evwQqv KwÂ KvwUqv AvbyK,
mKj Kv‡RB Zvnvi GKwU cwiwgZ cvwicvU¨, GKwU AejxjvK…Z †kvfv cªKvk cvq| e‡ov e‡ov Kv‡jv Pyj †Zj w`qv
Kcvj nB‡Z h‡Zœ AuvPovBqv Zywjqv Kuv‡a Avwbqv †dwjqv‡QÑ †ekf~lv mvRm¾vq wejY GKUy hZœ Av‡Q|
Acivci Mªvgea~w`‡Mi †mŠ›`‡h©i cªwZ hwÌ Zvnvi D`vmxb `…wó wQj bv, Ges Zvnv‡ì P‡ÿ Avcbv‡K g‡bvig Kwiqv
Zywjevi B”Qv Zvnvi h‡_ó wQjÑ Zey wQ`vg Zvnvi hyeZx ¯¿x‡K GKUy we‡kl fv‡jvevwmZ| Df‡q SMovI nBZ,
fveI nBZ, †Kn Kvnv‡KI civ¯Í Kwi‡Z cvwiZ bv| Avi-GKwU Kvi‡Y Df‡qi g‡a¨ eÜb wKQy my`…p wQj| wQ`vg

g‡b KwiZ, P›ìv †hiƒc PUyj PÂj c«K…wZi ¯¿x‡jvK, Zvnv‡K h‡_ó wek¦vm bvB; Avi P›ìv g‡b KwiZ, Avgvi
¯^vgxwUi PZyw`©‡KB `…wó, Zvnv‡K wKQy KlvKwl Kwiqv bv euvwa‡j †Kvw›`b nvZQov nB‡Z AvUK bvB|
Dcw¯’Z NUbv NwUevi wKQyKvj c~‡e© nB‡Z ¯¿x-cyiæ‡li g‡a¨ fvwi GKUv †Mvj‡hvM Pwj‡ZwQj| P›ìv †`wLqvwQj,
Zvnvi ¯^vgx Kv‡Ri IRi Kwiqv gv‡S gv‡S `~‡i Pwjqv hvq, Ggb-wK `yB-GKw`b AZxZ Kwiqv Av‡m, A_P wKQy
DcvR©b Kwiqv Av‡b bv| jÿY g›` †`wLqv †mI wKQy evovevwo †`LvB‡Z jvwMj| hLb-ZLb Nv‡U hvB‡Z Avi¤¢
Kwij Ges cvov ch©Ub Kwiqv Avwmqv Kvkx gRyg`v‡ii †g‡Rv †Q‡jwUi cªPyi e¨vL¨v Kwi‡Z jvwMj|
wQ`v‡gi w`b Ges ivwÎ¸wji g‡a¨ †K †hb wel wgkvBqv w`j| Kv‡R-K‡g© †Kv_vI GK `Ð wMqv myw¯’i nB‡Z cv‡i
bv| GKw`b fvR‡K Avwmqv fvwi fr©mbv Kwij| †m nvZ bvwoqv SsKvi w`qv Abycw¯’Z g„Z wcZv‡K m‡¤^vab Kwiqv
ewjj, ÒI †g‡q S‡oi Av‡M †Qv‡U, Dnv‡K Avwg mvgjvBe ! Avwg Rvwb, I †Kvbw`b Kx me©bvk Kwiqv ewm‡e?Ó
P›ìv cv‡ki Ni nB‡Z Avwmqv Av‡¯Í Av‡¯Í Kwnj, Ò†Kb w`w`, †Zvgvi GZ fq wK‡mi!Ó GB - `yB Rv‡q welg Ø›Ø
evwaqv †Mj|
wQ`vg †PvL cvKvBqv ewjj, ÒGevi hw` KL‡bv ïwb ZyB GKjv Nv‡U wMqvwQm, †Zvi nvW় ¸uovBqv wè|Ó
P›ìv ewjj, ÒZvnv nB‡j †Zv nvoRyovq|Ó ewjqv ZrÿYvr evwn‡i hvBevi Dcµg Kwij|
wQ`vg GK j‡ç Zvnvi Pyj awiqv Uvwbqv N‡i cywiqv evwni nB‡Z Øvi iæ× Kwiqv w`j|
Kg©¯’vb nB‡Z mÜ¨v‡ejvq wdwiqv Avwmqv †`‡L Ni †Lvjv, N‡i †Kn bvB| P›ìv wZb‡U Mªvg QvW়vBqv G‡Kev‡i
Zvnvi gvgvi evwo wMqv Dcw¯’Z nBqv‡Q|
wQ`vg †mLvb nB‡Z eû K‡ó A‡bK mva¨mvabvq Zvnv‡K N‡i wdivBqv Avwbj, wKš‘ Gevi civ¯Í gvwbj| †`wLj,
GK-AÄwj cvi`‡K gywói g‡a¨ k³ Kwiqv aiv †hgb `ytmva¨ GB gywó‡gq ¯¿xUyKy‡KI KwVb Kwiqv awiqv ivLv †Zgwb
Am¤¢e-I †hb `k AvOy‡ji duvK w`qv evwni nBqv c‡o|
Avi-†Kv‡bv Re`©w¯Í Kwij bv, wKš‘ e‡ov AkvwšÍ‡Z evm Kwi‡Z jvwMj| Zvnvi GB PÂjv hyeZx ¯¿xi cªwZ m`vkw¼Z
fv‡jvevmv DMª GKUv †e`bvi g‡Zv welg Ub&U‡b nBqv DwVj| Ggb-wK, GK-GKevi g‡b nBZ, G hw` gwiqv hvq
Z‡e Avwg wbwðšÍ nBqv GKUyLvwb kvwšÍjvf Kwi‡Z cvwi| gvby‡li Dc‡i gvby‡li hZUv Cl©v nq h‡gi Dc‡i GZUv
b‡n|
Ggb mg‡q N‡i †mB wec` NwUj|
P›ìv‡K hLb Zvnvi ¯^vgx Lyb ¯^xKvi Kwiqv jB‡Z Kwnj †m ¯Íw¤¢Z nBqv Pvwnqv iwnj; Zvnvi Kv‡jv `ywU Pÿy Kv‡jv
AwMœi b¨vq bxi‡e Zvnvi ¯^vgx‡K `» Kwi‡Z jvwMj| Zvnvi mg¯Í kixi gb †hb µ‡gB msKywPZ nBqv ¯^vgxivÿ‡mi
nvZ nB‡Z evwni nBqv Avwmevi †Póv Kwi‡Z jvwMj| Zvnvi mg¯Í AšÍivZ¥v GKvšÍ wegyL nBqv ùvovBj|
wQ`vg Avk¦vm w`j, Ò†Zvgvi wKQy fq bvB|Ó ewjqv cywj‡mi Kv‡Q g¨vwR‡÷«‡Ui Kv‡Q Kx ewj‡Z nB‡e evi evi
wkLvBqv w`j| P›ìv †m-mg¯Í `xN© Kvwnwb wKQyB ïwbj bv, Kv‡Vi g~wZ© nBqv ewmqv iwnj|
mg¯Í Kv‡RB wQ`v‡gi Dci `ywLiv‡gi GKgvÎ wbf©i| wQ`vg hLb P›ìvi Dci †`vlv‡ivc Kwi‡Z ewjj `ywL ewjj,
ÒZvnv nB‡j eDgvi Kx nB‡e|Ó wQ`vg Kwnj, ÒDnv‡K Avwg euvPvBqv wè|Ó e„nrKvq `ywLivg wbwðšÍ nBj|

AbwZ`xN©Ñ †ewk `xN© bq Ggb| IRiÑ ARynvZ, Qj, ˆKwdqZ| Kuyw`qvÑ QzZv‡ii Kzu` hš¿ w`‡q KvUv ev gm„Y Kiv
n‡q‡Q Ggb| Re`©w¯ÍÑ †Rvi K‡i, ej cÖ‡qvM K‡i| `yj©fÑ hv mn‡R cvIqv hvq bv| cvi`Ñ Zij avZzwe‡kl,
cviv, mercury| cvsïeY©Ñ d¨vKv‡k is, ¤øvb, ayjvi g‡Zv is| eRªvnZÑ eRªcv‡Z AvnZ| e„n`vqZbÑ e„nr, eo
AvKv‡ii; GLv‡b `xN© kixi A‡_©| fr©mbvÑ eKv, wZi¯‹vi, agK, wb›`v| g‡bvigÑ my›ì, mykxª | my‡WvjÑ my›ì
AvKvi wewkó, †Uvjnxb| †mŠôeÑ †mŠ›`h©, DrKl©| ¯‹‡ÜÑ Kuv‡a| ¯Íw¤¢ZÑ we¯§‡q ¯Íä| |
mvims‡ÿc :
wQ`vg fvej, GjvKvq cÖPvwiZ n‡q †M‡Q †h P›ìv `v‡qi †Kv‡c ivav‡K nZ¨v K‡i‡Q| Kv‡RB GLb Ab¨wKQz ejv
m¤¢e bq| Gevi †m ¯¿x‡K euvPv‡bvi K_v wPšÍv Kij| P›ìvi cÖwZ wQ`v‡gi fv‡jvevmvi †Kv‡bv KgwZ wQj bv|
wQ`vg P›ìv‡K Ly‡bi `vq ¯^xKvi K‡i †bIqvi K_v ejj| hv‡Z kvw¯Í Kg nq, ZvB wQ`vg P›ìv‡K bvbv KíK_v
wkwL‡q w`j| wKš‘ P›ìv Zvi wKQzB ïbj bv|
cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb
5. †WcywU g¨vwR‡÷ªU P›ìv‡K †Kv_vq Pvjvb w`‡qwQ‡jb?
K. †mk‡b L. †RjLvbvq
M. _vbvq N. gy‡Ýd †Kv‡U©
6. P›ìvi †PvL Kxfv‡e ¯^vgx‡K `» K‡iwQj?
K. wbi‡e AwMœi b¨vq L. kw¼Z fv‡jvevmvq
M. Cl©vKvZiZvq N. Zxÿè `sk‡b
¯^vgxi wb‡`©‡k Kwcjv‡K †è‡ii Aciv‡ai `vq wb‡Ri gv_vq wb‡Z nq| fvB‡K euv Pv‡bvi Rb¨ ¯^vgx wbiciva ¯¿x‡K
duvmv‡Z Pvq| NUbvi Ave‡Z© Kwcjv wKsKZ©e¨weg~p n‡q c‡o|
7. DÏxc‡Ki Kwcjvi m‡½ Ôkvw¯ÍÕ M‡íi †Kvb PwiÎwUi mv`„k¨ i‡q‡Q?
K. eo eD L. P›ìv
M. ivg‡jvPb N. Kvwk gRyg`vi
8. DÏxc‡Ki welqe¯‘i m‡½ wb‡Pi †h ev‡Kï mv`„k¨ i‡q‡QÑ
K. hLb Zvnvi ¯^vgx Lyb ¯^xKvi Kwiqv jB‡Z Kwnj †m ¯Íw¤¢Z nBqv Pvwnqv iwnj|
L. I †hb `k AvOz‡ji duvK w`qv evwni nBqv cwo‡e|
M. Ggb mgq N‡i †mB wec` NwUj| N. Kv‡Vi g~wZ© nBqv ewmqv iwnj|
cvV-3
cvVwfwËK D‡Ïk¨
 P›ìvi e¨w³¯^vZ‡š¿ï cwiPq w`‡Z cvi‡eb |
 M‡í cÖK…Z kvw¯Í †K †c‡q‡Q, Zv e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb |
 P›ìv‡K euvPv‡bvi Rb¨ wQ`v‡gi cÖ‡Póv eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb |
g~jcvV
Z…Zxq cwi‡”Q` [m¤úv`bv]
wQ`vg Zvnvi ¯¿x‡K wkLvBqv w`qvwQj †h, ÒZyB ewjm, e‡ov Rv Avgv‡K euwU jBqv gvwi‡Z AvwmqvwQj,
Avwg Zvnv‡K `v jBqv †VKvB‡Z wMqv nVvr †Kgb Kwiqv jvwMqv wMqv‡Q|Ó G-mg¯ÍB ivg‡jvP‡bi iwPZ| Bnvi
AbyK~‡j †h †h AjsKvi Ges cªgvY-cª‡qv‡Mi Avek¨K ZvnvI †m we¯ÍvwiZfv‡e wQ`vg‡K wkLvBqvwQj|
cywjm Avwmqv Z`šÍ Kwi‡Z jvwMj| P›ìvB †h Zvnvi e‡ov Rv‡K Lyb Kwiqv‡Q Mªv‡gi mKj †jv‡Ki g‡b GB wek¦vm
e×g~j nBqv wMqv‡Q| mKj mvÿxi ØvivB †mBiƒc c«gvY nBj| cywjm hLb P›ìv‡K c«kœ Kwij, P›ìv Kwnj, Ònuv,
Avwg Lyb KwiqvwQ|Ó

Ò†Kb Lyb KwiqvQ?Ó
ÒAvwg Zvnv‡K †`wL‡Z cvwiZvg bv|Ó
Ò†Kv‡bv ePmv nBqvwQj?Ó
Òbv|Ó
Ò†m †Zvgv‡K c«_‡g gvwi‡Z AvwmqvwQj?Ó
Òbv|Ó
Ò†Zvgvi cªwZ †Kv‡bv AZ¨vPvi KwiqvwQj?Ó
Òbv|Ó
GBiƒc DËi ïwbqv mK‡j AevK nBqv †Mj|
wQ`vg †Zv G‡Kev‡i Aw¯’i nBqv DwVj| Kwnj, ÒDwb wVK K_v ewj‡Z‡Qb bv| e‡oveD cª_‡gÑ Ó
`v‡ivMv Lye GK ZvW়v w`qv Zvnv‡K _vgvBqv w`j| Ae‡k‡l Zvnv‡K wewag‡Z †Riv Kwiqv evi evi †mB GKB DËi
cvBj e‡oveD‡qi w`K nB‡Z †Kv‡bviƒc AvµgY P›ìv wKQy‡ZB ¯^xKvi Kwij bv|
Ggb GK¸u‡q †g‡qI †Zv †`Lv hvq bv| G‡Kev‡i cªvYc‡Y duvwmKv‡ôi w`‡K SyuwKqv‡Q, wKQy‡ZB Zvnv‡K Uvwbqv ivLv
hvq bv| G Kx wb`viæY Awfgvb| P›ìv g‡b g‡b ¯^vgx‡K ewj‡Z‡Q, ÔAvwg †Zvgv‡K Qvwoqv Avgvi GB be‡hŠeb
jBqv duvwmKvV‡K eiY Kwijvg - Avgvi BnR‡b¥i †kleÜb Zvnvi mwnZ|Õ
ew›`bx nBqv P›ìv, GKwU wbixn ÿy`ª PÂj †KŠZyKwcªq Mªvgea~, wPi-cwiwPZ M«v‡gi c_ w`qv, i_Zjv w`qv, nv‡Ui
ga¨ w`qv, Nv‡Ui cªvšÍ w`qv, gRyg`vi‡ì evwoi m¤§yL w`qv, †cv÷vwcm Ges B¯‹yj N‡ii cvk¦© w`qv, mg¯Í cwiwPZ
†jv‡Ki P‡i Dci w`qv, Kj‡¼i Qvc jBqv wPiKv‡ji g‡Zv M…n Qvwoqv Pwjqv †Mj| GK-cvj †Q‡j wcQb wcQb
Pwjj Ges Mªv‡gi †g‡qiv, Zvnvi mB-mvOvZiv †Kn †NvgUvi duvK w`qv, †Kn Øv‡ii cªvšÍ nB‡Z, †Kn-ev Mv‡Qi
AvW়v‡j ùvovBqv, cywjm-PvwjZ P›ìv‡K †`wLqv j¾vq N…Yvq f‡q KÈwKZ nBqv DwVj|
†WcywU g¨vwR‡÷«‡Ui Kv‡QI P›ìv †`vl ¯^xKvi Kwij| Ges Ly‡bi mgq e‡oveD †h Zvnvi c«wZ †Kv‡bviƒc AZ¨vPvi
KwiqvwQj Zvnv cªKvk nBj bv| wKš‘, †mw`b wQ`vg mvÿ¨¯’‡j AvwmqvB G‡Kev‡i Kuvw`qv †Rvon‡¯Í Kwnj,Ò†`vnvB
ûRyi, Avgvi ¯¿xi †Kv‡bv †`vl bvB|Ó nvwKg agK w`qv Zvnvi D”Q¡vm wbeviY Kwiqv Zvnv‡K cªkœ Kwi‡Z jvwM‡jb,
†m G‡K G‡K mZ¨ NUbv c«Kvk Kwij|
nvwKg Zvnvi K_v wek¦vm Kwi‡jb bv| KviY c«avb wek¦¯Í f`«mvÿx ivg‡jvPb Kwnj, ÒLy‡bi AbwZwej‡¤^B Avwg
NUbv¯’‡j Dcw¯’Z nBqvwQjvg| mvÿx wQ`vg Avgvi wbKU mg¯Í ¯^xKvi Kwiqv Avgvi cv RovBqv awiqv Kwnj,
ÔeD‡K Kx Kwiqv D×vi Kwie Avgv‡K hyw³ w`b|Õ Avwg fv‡jv g›` wKQyB ewjjvg bv| mvÿx Avgv‡K ewjj, ÔAvwg
hw` ewj, Avgvi e‡ov fvB fvZ Pvwnqv fvZ cvq bvB ewjqv iv‡Mi gv_vq ¯¿x‡K gvwiqv‡Q, Zvnv nB‡j †m wK iÿv
cvB‡e|Õ Avwg Kwnjvg, ÔLei`vi nvivgRv`v, Av`vj‡Z GK eY©I wg_¨v ewjm bvÑ GZe‡ov gnvcvc Avi bvB!'
BZ¨vw`|
ivg‡jvPb c«_‡g P›ìv‡K iÿv Kwievi D‡Ï‡k A‡bK¸jv Mí evbvBqv ZywjqvwQj, wKš‘ hLb †`wLj P›ìv wb‡R
euvwKqv ùvW়vBqv‡Q ZLb fvwej, ÔI‡i evc †i, †klKv‡j wK wg_¨v mvÿï `v‡q cwoe| †hUyKy Rvwb †mBUyKy ejv
fv‡jv|Õ GB g‡b Kwiqv ivg‡jvPb hvnv Rv‡b ZvnvB ewjj| eiÂ Zvnvi †P‡qI wKQy †ewk ewj‡Z Qvwoj bv|
†WcywU g¨vwR‡÷«U †mk‡b Pvjvb w`‡jb|
BwZg‡a¨ Pvlevm nvUevRvi nvwmKvbœv c…w_exi mg¯Í KvR Pwj‡Z jvwMj| Ges c~e© c~e© erm‡ii g‡Zv bexb av‡b¨‡ÿÎ
kªve‡Yi Aweij e…wóaviv ewl©Z nB‡Z jvwMj|
cywjm Avmvwg Ges mvÿx jBqv Av`vj‡Z nvwRi| m¤§yLeZ©x gy‡Ý‡di †Kv‡U© we¯Íi †jvK wbR wbR †gvKÏgvi
A‡cÿvq ewmqv Av‡Q| iÜbkvjvi cðvØZ©x GKwU †Wvevi AskwefvM jBqv KwjKvZv nB‡Z GK DwKj Avwmqv‡Q
Ges Z`yc‡j ev`xi c‡ÿ DbPwjøkRb mvÿx Dcw¯’Z Av‡Q| KZ kZ †jvK Avcb Avcb KovMÐv wnmv‡ei Pyj‡Piv
gxgvsmv Kwievi Rb¨ e¨Mª nBqv Avwmqv‡Q, RM‡Z AvcvZZ Z`‡cÿv ¸iæZi Avi-wKQyB Dcw¯’Z bvB GBiƒc
Zvnv‡ì aviYv| wQ`vg evZvqb nB‡Z GB AZ¨šÍ e¨¯Ímg¯Í cªwZw`‡bi c…w_exi w`‡K GK`…‡ó Pvwnqv Av‡Q, mg¯ÍB
¯^‡cœi g‡Zv †eva nB‡Z‡Q| K¤úvD‡Ûi e…nr eUMvQ nB‡Z GKwU †KvwKj WvwK‡Z‡Q - Zvnv‡ì †Kv‡bviƒc AvBb-
Av`vjZ bvB|
P›ìv R‡Ri Kv‡Q Kwnj, ÒI‡Mv mv‡ne, GK K_v Avi evi evi KZ evi Kwiqv ewje|Ó
RRmv‡ne Zvnv‡K eySvBqv ewj‡jb, ÒZywg †h Aciva ¯^xKvi Kwi‡ZQ Zvnvi kvw¯Í Kx Rvb?Ó
P›ìv Kwnj, Òbv|Ó
RRmv‡ne Kwn‡jb, ÒZvnvi kvw¯Í duvwm|Ó
P›ìv Kwnj, ÒI‡Mv, †Zvgvi cv‡q cwo ZvB `vI-bv, mv‡ne| †Zvgv‡ì hvnv Lywk K‡iv, Avgvi †Zv Avi mn¨ nq
bv|Ó
hLb wQ`vg‡K Av`vj‡Z Dcw¯’Z Kwij P›ìv gyL wdivBj| RR Kwn‡jb, Òmvÿxi w`‡K Pvwnqv e‡jv, G †Zvgvi †K
nq|Ó
P›ìv `yB nv‡Z gyL XvwKqv Kwnj, ÒI Avgvi ¯^vgx nq|Ó
cªkœ nBj, ÒI †Zvgv‡K fv‡jvev‡m bv?Ó
DËi| Dt, fvwi fv‡jvev‡m|
cªk|œ Zywg Dnv‡K fv‡jvevm bv?
DËi| Lye fv‡jvevwm|
wQ`vg‡K hLb cªkœ nBj, wQ`vg Kwnj, ÒAvwg Lyb KwiqvwQ|Ó
cªk|œ †Kb|
wQ`vg| fvZ PvwnqvwQjvg, e‡oveD fvZ †`q bvB| `ywLivg mvÿ¨ w`‡Z Avwmqv g~wQ©Z nBqv cwoj| g~Q©vf‡½i ci
DËi Kwij, Òmv‡ne, Lyb Avwg KwiqvwQ|Ó
Ò†Kb|Ó
ÒfvZ PvwnqvwQjvg, fvZ †`q bvB|Ó
we¯Íi †Riv Kwiqv Ges Ab¨vb¨ mvÿ¨ ïwbqv RRmv‡ne ¯úó eywS‡Z cvwi‡jb, N‡ii ¯¿x‡jvK‡K duvwmi Acgvb nB‡Z
euvPvBevi Rb¨ Bnviv `yB fvB Aciva ¯^xKvi Kwi‡Z‡Q| wKš‘, P›ìv cywjm nB‡Z †mkb Av`vjZ ch©šÍ eivei GK
K_v ewjqv Avwm‡Z‡Q, Zvnvi K_vi wZjgvÎ boPo nq bvB| `yBRb DwKj †¯^”QvcªeË „ nBqv Zvnv‡K cÖvY`Ð nB‡Z
iÿv Kwievi Rb¨ we¯Íi †Póv Kwiqv‡Q, wKš‘ Ae‡k‡l Zvnvi wbKU civ¯Í gvwbqv‡Q|
†hw`b GKiwË eq‡m GKwU Kv‡jv‡Kv‡jv †Qv‡UvLv‡Uv †g‡q Zvnvi †MvjMvj gyLwU jBqv †Ljvi cyZyj †dwjqv ev‡ci
Ni nB‡Z k¦ïiN‡i Avwmj †mw`b iv‡Î ïfj‡Mœi mgq AvwRKvi w`‡bi K_v †K Kíbv Kwi‡Z cvwiZ| Zvnvi evc
gwievi mgq GB ewjqv wbwðšÍ nBqvwQj †h, Ôhvnv nDK, Avgvi †g‡qwUi GKwU m`MwZ Kwiqv †Mjvg|Õ
†RjLvbvq duvwmi c~‡e© `qvjy wmwfj mvR©b P›ìv‡K wRÁvmv Kwij, ÒKvnv‡KI †`wL‡Z B”Qv Ki?Ó
P›ìv Kwnj, ÒGKevi Avgvi gv‡K †`wL‡Z PvB|Ó
Wv³vi Kwnj, Ò†Zvgvi ¯^vgx †Zvgv‡K †`wL‡Z Pvq, Zvnv‡K wK WvwKqv Avwbe|Ó
P›ìv Kwnj ÒgiY ! Ñ Ó

AjsKviÑ Mnbv, AvfiY, f~lY; GLv‡b hyw³ A‡_© eëüZ| GK¸u‡qÑ †Rw`, GK‡ivLv, Aeva¨| GKiwËÑ mvgvb¨
cwigvY, AwZ Aí| KovMÐvÑ cy‡iv‡bv w`‡bi cwigv‡ci GKK we‡kl; GLv‡b Pzj‡Piv wnmve A‡_©| PvjvbÑ cvVv‡bv,
†cÖiY; GLv‡b wePviv‡_© †cÖiY| RvÑ ¯^vgxi fvB‡qi ¯¿x| †RivÑ mIqvj, Av`vj‡Z mZ¨vmZ¨ hvPvB‡qi Rb¨
wec‡ÿi DwK‡ji cÖkœ| ePmvÑ SMov, Kjn| evZvqbÑ Rvbvjv, Mevÿ| g~wQ©ZÑ jyß‡PZbv, A‡PZb, Ávbnviv|
m`MwZÑ fv‡jv eë¯’v| †mk‡bÑ †dŠR`vwi gvgjv wePv‡ii Rb¨ RR I Rywii Aax‡b MwVZ Av`vj‡Z| †¯^”QvcÖe„ËÑ
wbR B”Qvq cÖe„Ë, wb‡Ri B”Qvq †Kv‡bv KvR Kiv n‡q‡Q Ggb| iÜbkvjvÑ ivbœvNi |
mvims‡ÿc :
Av`vj‡Z P›ìv ¯^vgxi wkLv‡bv †Kv‡bv K_v bv e‡j Ly‡bi `vq wbR ¯‹‡Ü wb‡q wbj| Zvi K_v ï‡b mevB AevK
nj| wQ`vg, `ywLivg wb‡Riv Ly‡bi `vq wb‡q P›ìv‡K euvPv‡bvi †Póv Kij| wKš‘ wePviK P›ìv‡KB Lybx wn‡m‡e
wm×všÍ wb‡q duvwmi Av‡`k w`‡jb| wQ`vg †h B”Qv K‡i P›ìv‡K duvwmi Kv‡V †Zv‡jwb, Zv †evSv hvq Zvi †kl
AvPiY †_‡K| wKš‘ †kl ch©šÍI P›ìv Awfgv‡b †ÿv‡f wb‡Ri e¨w³Z¡ cÖKvk K‡i hvq| P›ìvi duvwm n‡jI
cÖK…Z cÖ¯Ív‡e g~j kvw¯ÍUv †c‡q‡Q wQ`vgB|
9. RM‡Z Kv‡ì †Kv‡bviƒc AvBb-Av`vjZ †bB?

K. cyZzj L. mvÿx
M. Avmvwg N. †KvwKj
10. P›ìv †Kb †`vl ¯^xKvi K‡iwQj?
K. †ÿv‡f L. Awfgv‡b
M. Acgv‡b N. nZvkvq
nvq mvay, Zzwg †`L‡j ïayB evwYR¨ evqy
†`L‡j bv Zzwg GLv‡b Avcb
bvixi ü`‡q Ab¨ Zzdvb|
11. DÏxc‡Ki bvix Ôkvw¯ÍÕ M‡í †Kvb PwiÎ‡K Bw½Z K‡i?
K. P›ìv L. eo eD
M. wQ`vg iæB N. `ywLivg iæB
12. DÏxc‡Ki fvee¯‘ †h ev‡K¨ cÖKvwkZ n‡q‡QÑ
K. fvZ PvwnqwQjvg, fvZ †`q bvB| L. GKevi gv‡K †`wL‡Z PvB|
M. P›ìv Kwnj, ÔgiY|Õ N. I Avgvi ¯^vgx nq|
P~ovšÍ g~j¨vqb
13. †RjLvbvq P›ìv Kv‡K †`L‡Z †P‡qwQj?
K. `ywLivg L. wQ`vg
M. gv N. evev
14. ivg‡jvPb Av`vj‡Z D‡ëv K_v e‡jwQj †Kb?
K. wg_¨v mv‡ÿï `v‡q covi f‡q L. `ywLiv‡gi ÿwZ Ki‡Z Pvqwb
M. A_© cÖvwßi Avkvq N. nvwK‡gi ag‡Ki Kvi‡Y
wZb fvB wg‡j †Lj‡Z †Lj‡Z nVvr SMov †eu‡a hvq| AK© Avi Avwè `yB fvB wg‡j B”Qvg‡Zv †g‡i‡Q dzdv‡Zv
fvB AY©e‡K| `v`vfvB‡qi K_v g‡b co‡ZB AK© I Avwè fo‡K hvq| `v`vfvB hLb Zv‡ì kvw¯Í †`qvi K_v
fve‡Qb ZLb `yÕfvB-B e‡j D‡V,ÒAvwg-B AY©e‡K †g‡iwQ|Ó
15. DÏxc‡Ki AK© I Avw`‡ei m‡½ Ôkvw¯ÍÕ M‡í Kv‡ì wgj i‡q‡Q?
K. `ywLivg I wQ`vg L. eo eD I P›ìv
M. ivg‡jvPb I `ywLivg N. wQ`vg I P›ìv
16. DÏxcK I Ôkvw¯ÍÕ M‡í `yÕfvB‡q mv`„k¨ i‡q‡Q †h wel‡qÑ
K. fv‡jvevmv L. j¾v
M. AvZ¥gh©v`v N. N„Yv
m„Rbkxj cÖk-œ 1 :
†`wLjvg, GB m‡Z‡iv eQ‡ii †g‡qwUi Dc‡i †hŠe‡bi mg¯Í Av‡jv Avwmqv cwoqv‡Q, wKš‘ GL‡bv ˆK‡kv‡ii †Kvj
nB‡Z †m RvwMqv D‡V bvB| wVK †hb ˆkjP~ovi ei‡di Dci mKv‡ji Av‡jv wVKwiqv cwoqv‡Q, wKš‘ eid GL‡bv
Mwjj bv| Avwg Rvwb, Kx AKj¼ ïå †m, Kx wbweo cweÎ!
K. P›ìv Kvkx gRyg`v‡ii †Kvb †Q‡ji e¨vL¨v K‡iwQj?
L. Ôkvw¯ÍÕ M‡í `yB fvB-B †Kb Aciva ¯^xKvi Ki‡Z †P‡q‡Q?
M. DÏxc‡K dz‡U DVv eq‡mi w`KwU Ôkvw¯ÍÕ M‡íi †Kvb Pwi‡Î cÖwZdwjZ n‡q‡Q?
N. ÒDÏxc‡K bvixi RvMiY N‡Uwb, wKš‘ Ôkvw¯ÍÕ M‡í P›ìvi e¨w³‡Z¡i RvMiY N‡U‡Q|Ó Ñwe‡kølY Kiæb|

K.
P›ìv cvov ch©Ub K‡i evwo G‡m Kvkx gRyg`v‡ii †g‡Rv †Q‡ji e¨vL¨v KiZ|
L.
Ôkvw¯ÍÕ M‡í N‡ii ¯¿x‡jvK‡K duvwmi Acgvb n‡Z euvPvevi Rb¨ `yB fvB-B Aciva ¯^xKvi Ki‡Z †P‡q‡Q|
`ywLiv‡gi `vÕ‡qi AvNv‡Z eo eD gviv hvq| wKš‘ wQ`vg Zvi ¯¿x P›ìv‡K e‡j GB Aciv‡ai `vq wb‡Ri Kuv‡a
wb‡Z| P›ìvI ¯^vgxi cÖwZ Awfgvb K‡i Av`vj‡Z nZ¨vi `vq ¯^xKvi K‡i| d‡j wePv‡i Zvi duvwmi ivq n‡q hvq|
N‡ii ¯¿x‡jv‡Ki duvwm n‡j Acgvb n‡e| ZvB `yB fvB-B GB Acgvb n‡Z iÿv †c‡Z wb‡RivB Aciv‡ai `vq
¯^xKvi K‡i|
M.
DÏxc‡K dz‡U DVv eq‡mi w`KwU Ôkvw¯ÍÕ M‡íi P›ìv Pwi‡Î cÖwZdwjZ n‡q‡Q|
mgKvjxb fviZxq wn›`y mgv‡R Aí eq‡m we‡qi ixwZ cÖPwjZ wQj| G eq‡m †g‡q‡ì Dc‡i †hŠe‡bi mg¯Í Av‡jv
G‡m c‡o, wKš‘ ˆK‡kv‡ii †Kvj n‡Z †m †R‡M D‡V bv| G mg‡q c„w_exi mKj wel‡q Zvi GKUv †KŠZzK I
†KŠZ~nj _v‡K| G RxebUv †hb cvnvo P~ovq Aew¯’Z AMwjZ ei‡di g‡Zv|
DÏxc‡K ejv n‡q‡Q m‡Z‡iv eQ‡ii †g‡qwUi Ic‡i †hŠe‡bi mg¯Í Av‡jv G‡m c‡o‡Q| eq‡mi w`K †_‡K
cwic~Y©iƒ‡c bv n‡jI ˆ`wnK Mo‡bi w`K †_‡K †m †hŠebcÖvß n‡q‡Q| Avevi bexb eq‡mi QvcI i‡q‡Q Zvi
†Pnvivq| d‡j g‡b nq †m ˆK‡kv‡ii †Kvj n‡Z †R‡M D‡Vwb| Ôkvw¯ÍÕ M‡í P›ìvI bexb hyeZx| Zvi eqm m‡Z‡iv

wKsev AvVv‡iv eQ‡ii AwaK n‡e bv| †mI DÏxc‡Ki †g‡qwUi g‡ZvB †hŠe‡bi ØvicÖv‡šÍ †cuŠ‡Q‡Q| M‡íi eY©bv
Abyhvqx P›ìv †Ljvi cyZzj †d‡j ev‡ci evwo n‡Z k¦ïiN‡i G‡mwQj| Zvi MwZ mnR, `xwß wbg©j, A½-cÖZ¨‡½i
g‡a¨ GKwU †mŠôe Av‡Q, ïwPZv Ac~e©| A_©vr DÏxc‡Ki †g‡qwU I Ôkvw¯ÍÕ M‡íi P›ìv `yR‡bB be‡hŠebcÖvß bvix
wKš‘ wK‡kvixmyjf ‰ewkó¨ GL‡bv Zv‡ì g‡a¨ i‡q‡Q| ZvB ejv hvq, DÏxc‡Ki eq‡mi welqwU Gfv‡eB Ôkvw¯ÍÕ
M‡íi P›ìvi †ÿ‡ÎI cÖvmw½K n‡q‡Q|
N.
DÏxc‡K †`‡n-g‡b †hŠe‡bi K_v ejv n‡q‡Q, hvi wecix‡Z Ôkvw¯ÍÕ M‡í P›ìvi e¨w³mËvi RvMi‡Yi K_v cÖKvwkZ
n‡q‡Q|
Ôkvw¯ÍÕ M‡í wQ`v‡gi ¯¿x wnmv‡e †h P›ìvi mvÿvr cvIqv hvq †m ˆK‡kvi DËxY© m‡Z‡iv-AvVv‡iv erm‡ii GK
hyeZx| A_©vr ˆK‡kv‡ii †Kvj n‡Z ZL‡bv †m †R‡M D‡Vwb| wKš‘ M‡íi †klvs‡k Zvi gvbwmK RvMi‡Yi ¯îƒc
wPwÎZ n‡q‡Q, †hLv‡b Zvi cwiYZ e¨w³mËvi cwiPq cvIqv hvq|
DÏxc‡K ejv n‡q‡Q m‡Z‡iv eQ‡ii †g‡qwU GL‡bv ˆK‡kv‡ii †Kvj †_‡K †R‡M D‡Vwb| Ôkvw¯ÍÕ M‡íI †`Lv hvq,
P›ìvi †`n-g‡bI DÏxc‡Ki PwiÎwUi gZ Abyiƒc wK‡kvixmyjf êwkó¨ jÿYxq| Z‡e G M‡í P›ìvi e¨w³mËvi †h
RvMiY N‡U‡Q, DÏxc‡K Zv cÖKvk cvqwb| M‡íi †klvs‡k P›ìv‡K cvIqv hvq e¨w³Z¡gqx, `„p‡PZv I my`„p j‡ÿï
Abymvix GK bvix wnmv‡e| msmvi Rxe‡b †cuŠ‡QB Zv‡K AvNvZ †c‡Z n‡q‡Q cyiælZvwš¿K mgv‡Ri nxb gvbwmKZvi
Kv‡Q| †m Zvi ¯^vgxi Ggb GK cwiPq †c‡q‡Q hv‡Z cÖgvwYZ nq Zvi e¨w³mËv e‡j wKQz †bB| d‡j bvix nZ¨vi
g‡Zv RNb¨ Aciv‡ai Møvwb e‡q †eov‡Z n‡q‡Q P›ìv‡K| G AvNvZ‡K gvbwmK kw³‡Z iƒcvšÍwiZ K‡i‡Q P›ìv|
wm×všÍ wb‡q‡Q Av`vj‡Zi ivq‡K †g‡b wb‡q †m Zvi AvZ¥gh©v`vi weRq wbkvb Dov‡e| GUvB Zvi gvbwmK RvMi‡Yi
¯îƒc|
DÏxc‡K †Kej bvixi evwn¨K Mo‡bi eY©bv Kiv n‡q‡Q, AvwZ¥K RvMi‡Yi K_v ejv nqwb| Ab¨w`‡K Ôkvw¯ÍÕ M‡í
N‡U‡Q P›ìvi gvbwmK RvMiY, hv Zv‡K Rxe‡bi jÿ¨ wba©vi‡Y `„p‡PZv bvix wnmv‡e cÖwZwôZ K‡i‡Q| G RvMiYB
P›ìvi e¨w³mËvi RvMiY| ZvB ejv hvq, DÏxc‡K bvixi RvMiY N‡Uwb, wKš‘ Ôkvw¯Í Õ M‡í e¨w³‡Z¡i RvMiY we‡kl
Zvrch©en|

kirP›`ª P‡Ævcva¨v‡qi ÔwejvmxÕ b¨vov bv‡gi GK hye‡Ki Revbx‡Z iwPZ GKwU †QvUMí| wejvmx M‡í ewY©Z n‡q‡Q
`yB e¨wZµgag©x gvbe-gvbexi AmvaviY †cÖ‡gi gwngv| hv Qvwc‡q D‡V‡Q RvwZMZ we‡f‡ì msKxY© mxgv‡K| M‡íi
cÖavb PwiÎ Kg©wbcyY, eyw×gZx I †meveªZx wejvmx evsjv mvwn‡Zï GK D¾¡j bvwqKv| †h †cÖ‡gi Rb¨ wbwØ©avq †e‡Q
wb‡q‡Q †¯^Qvg„Zzï c_ Avi Zuvi †cÖ‡gi gwngvgq Av‡jvq aiv c‡o‡Q mgvR Rxe‡bi wbôzi I Aïf †Pnviv|
K. `ywLivg mg¯Í Kv‡R Kvi Dci wbf©i K‡i?
L. ÔZvnv nB‡j †Zv nvo Ryovq|Õ ÑDw³wU we‡kølY Kiæb|
M. DÏxc‡Ki welqe¯‘ Ôkvw¯ÍÕ M‡íi †Kvb NUbv‡K cÖwZdwjZ K‡i? ÑAv‡jvPbv Kiæb|
N. Òwejvmx I P›ìv GKB ai‡bi cwiYwZi wkKvi n‡jI g~jZ `yÕRb `yB †giæi evwm›`v|Ó ÑDÏxcK I
Ôkvw¯ÍÕ M‡íi Av‡jv‡K gšÍe¨wU wePvi Kiæb|

1. M 2. K 3. K 4. K 5. K 6. K 7. L 8. K 9. N 10. L 11. K 12. M
13. M 14. K 15. K 16. K
ûRyi †Kejv
Aveyj gbmyi Avng`
f~wgKv
Aveyj gbmyi Avng‡ì Avqbv (1935) Mí-msKjb †_‡K ÔûRyi †KejvÕ MíwU msKwjZ n‡q‡Q| ÔûRyi †KejvÕ Mí
cÖ_g cÖKvwkZ nq mvIMvZ cwÎKvq| Avqbv MÖš’fy³ Mí¸‡jv m¤ú‡K© Aveyj gbmyi Avng` wj‡L‡QbÑ ÒMí¸‡jvi
iPbvKvj 1922 †_‡K 1929 mv‡ji g‡a¨ Ges G¸‡jvi AwaKvskB mvIMvZ cwÎKvq cÖKvwkZ| 1926 nB‡Z 1929
mvj ch©šÍ Pvi eQi Kvj Avwg ÔmIMv‡Zi m¤úv`‡Ki `dZiÕ †jLvq mvnvh¨ Kwi| H mv‡_B Avgvi ÔAvqbvÕi
Mí¸wjI mIMv‡Z evwni nq|Ó Kv‡RB †evSv hvq, DwbkkÕ we‡ki `k‡KB ÔûRyi †KejvÕ Mí iwPZ Ges cÖKvwkZ|
ÔûRyi †KejvÕ M‡í evsjv‡`‡ki MÖvgRxe‡b cÖejfv‡e †Mu‡o emv cxi eëmvi e„ËvšÍ ewY©Z n‡q‡Q| GK fÐ cxi,
cx‡ii KwZcq mvM‡i`, Zv‡ì fÐvwg I wg_¨vPvi, cx‡ii wiismve„wË PwiZv_© Kivi †KŠkj Ges GK cÖwZev`x
hye‡Ki AvL¨vb wkwíZ n‡q‡Q Av‡jvP¨ M‡í|
mvaviY D‡Ïk¨
Aveyj gbmyi Avng‡ì ÔûRyi †KejvÕ MíwU cvV K‡i AvcwbÑ
 †QvUMí wn‡m‡e ÔûRyi †KejvÕi mv_©KZv wePvi Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
 evsjv‡`‡ki MÖvgxY Rxe‡b eK-avwg©K‡ì fÐvwg Ges ag© eëmv m¤ú‡K© Av‡jvPbv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
 ÔûRyi †KejvÕi PwiÎ we‡kølY Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
 cÖwZev`x hyeK Gg`v` m¤ú‡K© Av‡jvPbv wjL‡Z cvi‡eb|
 e¨½ mvwnZ¨ iPbvq Aveyj gbmyi Avng‡ì K…wZZ¡ eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb |
cvV-1
cvVwfwËK D‡Ïk¨
 Gg`v‡ì Amn‡hvM Av‡›`vj‡b †hvM`vb I Zv †_‡K †Ljvdr Av‡›`vj‡b Avmvi KviY wjL‡Z cvi‡eb|
 ûRyi †Kejvi cÖwZ Gg`v‡ì AvKl©‡Yi KviY eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
 cxi mv‡n‡ei Pwi‡Îi KwZcq êwkó¨ Av‡jvPbv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb |
 cx‡ii gywi` nevi Rb¨ Gg`v‡ì AvMÖ‡ni KviY e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
g~jcvV
Gg`v` Zvi me¸‡jv wejvwZ wdbwd‡b aywZ, wm‡éi Rvgv †cvovBqv †dwjj; †d¬‡·i eªvDb i‡Oi
cv¤úï¸‡jv eveywP©Lvbvi euwU w`qv †KvcvBqv Bwjk-KvUv Kwij| Pkgv I wi÷IqvP gvwU‡Z AvQovBqv
fvwOqv †dwjj; ÿzi, ÷ªc, †kwfsw÷K I eªvk A‡bKLvwb iv¯Ív nuvwUqv b`x‡Z †dwjqv w`qv Avwmj; wejvwmZvi g¯Í‡K
K‡Vvi c`vNvZ Kwiqv cv_i emv‡bv †mvbvi AvswUUv GK AÜ wfÿzK‡K `vb Kwiqv Ges Uz_µxg I Uz_eªvk cvqLvbvi
U‡ei g‡a¨ †dwjqv w`qv Kqjv w`qv `vuZ Nwl‡Z jvwNj|
A_v©r Gg`v` Amn‡hvM Av‡›`vj‡b †hvM`vb Kwij! †m K‡jR Qvwoqv w`j|

Zvici †m †Kviv LÏ‡ii Kwjø`vi †KvZ©v I mv`v jyw½ cwiqv gy‡L †ò BwÂ cwigvY SuvKov `vwo jBqv mvg‡b-wcQ‡b
mgvb-Kwiqv-Pzj-KvUv gv_vq †Mvj †bKovi g‡Zv Uzwc Kvb ch©šÍ cwiqv PwURyZv cv‡q w`qv †hw`b evwogy‡L iIbv
nBj, †mw`b iv¯Ívi eû‡jvK Zv‡K mvjvg w`j|
†m g‡b g‡b eywSj, Kwjhy‡MI `ywbqvi ag© Av‡Q|
K‡j‡R Gg`v‡ì `k©‡b Abvm© wQj|
Kv‡RB †m ag©, †Lv`v, imyj wKQzB gvwbZ bv| †m †Lv`vi Avik, †d‡ikZv, Inx, nhi‡Zi †givR jBqv me©`v
nvwmVvÆv KwiZ|
K‡jR g¨vMvwR‡b †m wgj, wnDg, †¯úÝvi, †Kvg‡Zi fve Pywi Kwiqv A‡bKevi †Lv`vi Aw¯Í‡Z¡i AmviZ¡ cÖgvY
KwiqvwQj|
wKš‘ †Ljvdr Av‡›`vj‡b †hvM`vb Kwiqv Gg`v` G‡Kev‡i e`jvBqv †Mj|
†m fqvbK bvgvh cwo‡Z jvwMj| we‡kl Kwiqv bdj bvgv‡h †m G‡Kev‡i Zb¥q nBqv cwoj|
†Mvj-Mvj Kwiqv evu‡ki KwÂ KvwUqv †m wbR nv‡Z GKQov Zmwen ˆZwi Kwij| †mB Zmwei Dci w`qv AócÖni
A½ywj Pvjbv Kwiqv †m `yBUv Av½y‡ji gv_v wQuwoqv †dwjj|
wKš‘ Gg`v` Uwjj bv| †m wb‡Ri bai †`‡ni w`‡K Pvwnqv ewjj : †n †`n, Zzwg Avgvi AvZ¥v‡K †QvU Kwiqv wb‡RB
eo nB‡Z PvwnqvwQ‡j! wKš‘ Avi bq|
†m Avevi wØ¸Y Drmv‡n Zmwen PvjvB‡Z jvwMj|
`yB.
w`b hvB‡Z jvwMj|
µ‡g Gg`v` GKUv A¯^w¯Í †eva Kwi‡Z jvwMj| eû †Póv KwiqvI †m Gev`‡Z †Zgb wbôv Avwb‡Z cvwi‡ZwQj bv|
wb‡R‡K eû kvmvBj, eû cÖwµqv Aej¤^b Kwij; wKš‘ Z_vwc †cvov Nyg Zv‡K Zvnv¾‡Zi bvgvh Zid Kwi‡Z eva¨
Kwi‡Z wQj|
AMZ¨v †m bvgv‡h ewmqv †Lv`vi wbKU nvZ Zzwjqv Kuvwèvi eû †Póv Kwij| †Pv‡Li cvwbi A‡cÿvq Av‡M nB‡Z
Kvbœvi g‡Zv gyL weK…Z Kwiqv ivwLj| wKš‘ †cvov †Pv‡Li cvwb †Kvb g‡ZB Avwmj bv|
†m ¯’vbxq Ks‡MÖm I †Ljvdr KwgwU †m‡µUvwi wQj|
†mLv‡b cÖZ¨n mKv‡j-weKv‡j Pvwicv‡ki eû gIjvbv †gŠjwe mg‡eZ nBqv Kvey‡ji Avwg‡ii fviZ Avµg‡Yi
KZw`b evwK Av‡Q Zvi wnmve Kwi‡Zb Ges †Ljvdr †bvU-weµq-jä cqmvq cÖZ¨n cvb I hi`v Ges mgq-mgq
bvkZv LvB‡Zb|
Bnv‡ì GKRb mywd e‡j L¨vwZ wQj| wZwb GK cxi mv‡n‡ei ¯’vbxq Lwjdv wQ‡jb Ges A‡bK ivZ ch©šÍ ÔGjûÕ
ÔGjûÕ Kwi‡Zb|
Aíw`b c~‡©e ÔG‡¯ÍLvivÕ Kwiqv wZwb †`wLqvwQ‡jb †h, Pvwi erm‡ii g‡a¨ Kvey‡ji Avwgi wn›`y¯’vb `Lj Kwi‡eb|
Zvnvi K_vB mK‡jB wek¦vm KwiqvwQ‡jb; KviY †g‡q‡jv‡Ki Dci wR‡bi Avmi nB‡j wZwb QvovB‡Z cvwi‡Zb|
GB mywd mv‡n‡ei wbKU Gg`v` Zvi cÖv‡Yi K_v RvbvBj|
mywd mv‡ne `vwo‡Z eyjvBqv g„`y nvwmqv BsivwR-wkwÿZ‡ì D‡Ïk¨ Kwiqv A‡bK euvKv euvKv K_v ewjqv Dcmsnv‡i
ewj‡jb : nwKKZvb& hw` Avcwb iæ‡ni Ziw° nvwmj Kwi‡Z Pvb, Z‡e Avcbv‡K Avgvi K_v ivwL‡Z nB‡e| Av”Qv,
gv÷vi mv‡ne, Avcwb Kvi gywi`?
Gg`v` AcÖwZffv‡e ewjj : Avwg †Zv Kv‡iv gywi` nB bvB|
mywd mv‡ne †hb †ivM wbY©q Kwiqv †dwjqvwQ‡jb GBfv‡e gv_v bvwo‡Z bvwo‡Z ewj‡jb : n-g, ZvB ejyb|
†Mvov‡ZB Mjr| cxi bv awiqv wK †Kn iænvwbqvr nvwmj Kwi‡Z cv‡i? nvw`m kix‡d Avwmqv‡Q : (GB Lv‡b mywd
mv‡ne weï×iƒ‡c AvBb-MvB‡bi D”PviY Kwiqv wKQz Aviex Ave„wË Kwi‡jb Ges D`©y‡Z Zvi gv‡bÑgZje eqvb
Kwiqv Ae‡k‡l evsjvq ewj‡jb :) Rh¦v I mjyK LZg Kwiqv dvbv I evKv jv‡f mg_© nBqv‡Qb Giƒc Kv‡gj I
†gvKv‡¤§j, mv‡jK I gRhye cx‡ii `vgb bv awiqv †Kn Rwg‡ii iIkbx I iƒ‡ni Zi°x nvwmj Kwi‡Z cv‡i bv|
nvw`‡mi GB my¯úó wb‡`©‡ki K_v kywbqv Gg`v` wbZvšÍ NveovBqv †Mj| †m aiv-Mjvq ewjj : wK nB‡e Avgvi
Zvnv nB‡j mydx mv‡ne?
mydx mv‡ne Gg`v‡ì Kuv‡a nvZ ivwLqv ewj‡jb : NveovBevi †Kvb KviY bvB| Kv‡gj cx‡ii Kv‡Q †M‡j GKw`‡b
wZwb me wVK Kwiqv w`‡eb|
¯^w¯Í‡Z Gg`v‡ì gyL D¾¡j nBqv DwVj|
†m AvMÖnvwZk‡h¨ mydx mv‡n‡ei nvZ Pvwcqv awiqv ewjj : †Kv_vq cvBe Kv‡gj cxi? Avcbvi mÜv‡b Av‡Q?
DË‡i mydx mv‡ne myi Kwiqv GKwU dvimx e‡qZ Ave„wË Kwiqv Zvi A_© ewj‡jb : RIn‡ii Zvjv‡m hviv Rxeb
KvUvBqv‡Q, Zviv e¨ZxZ Avi †K RIn‡ii Lei w`‡Z cv‡i? nvRvi †kvKi †Lv`vi ìMvq, eû Zvjv‡ki ci wZwb
RIn‡ii Lei w`‡Z cv‡ib? nvRvi †kvKi †Lv`vi ìMvq, eny Zvjv‡ki ci wZwb RIni wgjvBqv‡Qb|
mydx mv‡n‡ei nvZ ZLbI Gg`v‡ì gyVvi g‡a¨ wQj| †m Zv Av‡iv †Rv‡i Pvwcqv awiqv ewj‡jv : Avgv‡K jBqv
hvB‡e bv †mLv‡b?
mydx mv‡ne ewj‡jb : †Kb jBqv hvBe bv? nvw`m kwi‡d Avwmqv‡Q : (Aviwe I D`y©) †h e¨w³ Avjøvni iv¯Ívq
Avwm‡Z Pvq, Zvi mvnvh¨ Ki|
msmv‡i GKgvÎ eÜb Ges AwffveK e„×v dzdz‡K Kuv`vBqv GKw`b Gg`v` mydx mv‡n‡ei m‡½ cxi-wRqvi‡Z evwni
nBqv cwoj|
wZb.
Gg`v` †`wLj : cxi mv‡n‡ei GKZjv cvKv evwo| †ek cwi®‹vi-cwi”Qbœ| A›ìevwoi me KÕLvbv Ni cvKv nB‡jI
êVKLvbvwU AwZ cwicvwU cÖKvÐ L‡oi AvUPvjv|
†m mydx mv‡n‡ei wcQ‡b wcQ‡b êVKLvbvq cÖ‡ek Kwij| †`wLj : N‡i eû †jvK Rvby cvwZqv ewmqv Av‡Qb|
êVKLvbvi gvSLv‡b †Ìqvj †Nuwlqv A‡cÿvK…Z D”P Avm‡b †g‡nw`-iwÄZ ùvwo wewkó GKRb e„× †jvK ZvwKqv
†njvb w`qv Avj‡evjvq ZvgvK Uvwb‡Z‡Qb|
Gg`v` eywSj : BwbB cxi mv‡ne|
ÔAvmmvjvgy AvjvBKzgÕ ewjqv mydx mv‡ne †mvRv cxi mv‡n‡ei wbKU Dcw¯’Z nBqv nuvUz cvwZqv ewm‡jb| cxi mv‡ne
m¤§yL¯’ ZvwKqvi Dci GKwU cv Zzwjqv w`‡jb| mydx mv‡ne †mB cv‡q nvZ Nuwlqv wb‡Ri †Pv‡L gy‡L I ey‡K
jvMvB‡jb|
Zrci cxi mv‡ne Zuvi nvZ evovBqv w`‡jb| mydx mv‡ne Zv Pz¤b^ Kwiqv ùvovBqv DwV‡jb Ges wcQvBqv-wcQvBqv
wKQy `~i wMqv Ab¨vb¨ mK‡ji b¨vq Rvby cvwZqv ewm‡jb|
cxi mv‡ne GZÿ‡b K_v ewj‡jb : wK‡i †eUv, Lei Kx? ZzB wK GiB g‡a¨ `v‡qev‡q nwKK‡Z gneŸZ I Rhev‡q-
hvZx-ebvg †nv‡eŸ GkK nv‡mj Kwiqv †dwjwj bvwK?
cxi mv‡n‡ei GB VvÆvq j¾v cvBqv mydx mv‡ne gv_v wbPz Kwiqv gvRv Clr DuPy Kwiqv ewj‡jb; nhiZ, ev›`v‡K
j¾v w`‡Z‡Qb!
cxi mv‡ne †Zgwb nvwmqv ewj‡jb : Zv bv nB‡j wb‡Ri wPšÍv Qvwoqv Ac‡ii iæ‡ni mycvwik Kwi‡Z Avgvi wbKU
Avwm‡jb †Kb? KB †Zvi m½x †Kv_vq? Avnv! †ePviv eoB AkvwšÍ‡Z w`bcvZ Kwi‡Z‡Q|

GB ewjqv cxi mv‡ne Pÿy eywR‡jb Ges cÖvq GK wgwbU Kvj a¨vb¯’ _vwKqv Pÿz †gwjqv ewj‡jb : †m GB N‡iB
nv‡hi Av‡Q †`wL‡ZwQ|
Dcw¯’Z gywi`M‡Yi mK‡j we¯§‡q gyL PvIqv-PvIwq Kwi‡Z jvMj| Gg`v` fw³ I we¯§‡q ¯Íä nBqv GK`„‡ó cxi
mv‡n‡ei gy‡Li w`‡K Pvwnqv iB‡jb| †g‡nw`-iwÄZ `vwo †Mvu‡di wfZi w`qv cxi mv‡n‡ei gyL nB‡Z GK cÖKvi
†R¨vwZ weKxY© nB‡Z jvwMj|
mydx mv‡ne Gg`v`‡K AvMvBqv Avwm‡Z Bkviv Kwi‡jb| †m ax‡i ax‡i cxi mv‡n‡ei m¤§y‡L Dcw¯’Z nBqv mydx
mv‡n‡ei Bw½‡Z Abf¨¯Í nv‡Z K`g-eywm Kwiqv DwVqv ùvovBqv iwnj|
cxi mv‡ne Òem †eUv, †Zvi fvj nB‡e| Avnv, eo Mixe!Ó ewjqv Avj‡ejvi b‡j `g Kwl‡jb|
mydx mv‡ne AvgZv-AvgZv Kwiqv ewj‡jb : nhiZ Gi Ae¯’v ZZ Mixe bq| †ek fvj ZvjyK m¤úwËÑ
cxi mv‡ne b‡j Lye j¤^v Uvb KwlqvwQ‡jb; wKš‘ ga¨c‡_ `g Qvwoqv w`qv gy‡L ‡auvqv jBqvB ewj‡jb : †eUv, †Zviv
AvwRI `ywbqvi ab-ÌjZ w`qv abx-Mixe wePvi Kwim| GUv †Zv‡ì eywSevi fzj| Avwg Mixe K_vq `ybxqvex
†Mvier eySvB bvB| gymjgvb‡ì Rb¨ `ywbqvi ab-ÌjZ nvivg| GB ab-ÌjZ Gbmv‡bi iænvwbqZ nv‡m‡j evav
Rb¥vq, Zvi g‡a¨ bdmvwbqZ cq`v K‡i| AvjøvnZvjv ewjqv‡Qb : (Aviwe I D`©y) †ekK `ywbqvi ab-ÌjZ
kqZv‡bi Iqvm-Iqvmv, Bnv nB‡Z `~‡i cjvqb Ki| wKš‘ `ywbqvi gvqv KvUvb wK mnR K_v? †Zv‡ì Avwg †`vl
†`B bv †Zv‡ì A‡b‡KB GLb †h‡K‡ii ìRvB cwoqv AvwQm| †hK‡i Rjx I †hK‡i LdxÑGB `yB ìRvi †h‡Ki
mvwiqv c‡i †d‡K‡ii ìRvq cuûwQ‡Z nq| †d‡Ki nB‡Z hûi Ges hûi nB‡Z †gviv‡Kev-‡gvk‡n`vi KvwjqZ
nvwmj nq| †Lv`vi dR‡j Avwg Av‡iwdb, mv‡jnxb I wmwÏwK‡bi ‡gvKvgv‡Zi wewfbœ `v‡qivi wfZi w`qv †hfv‡e
Gj‡g-jv`ywbœi d‡qR nv‡mj KwiqvwQ, †Zv‡ì Kje AZUv Kzkv`v nB‡Z A‡bK †`wiÑA‡bKÑ
Ñewjqv wZwb û°vi bjUv Qvwoqv w`qv †mvRv nBqv ewm‡jb Ges †PvL eywRqv a¨vb¯’ nB‡jb|
wKQzÿY †PvL eywRqv _vwKqv nvwmqv DwV‡jb Ges wPrKvi Kwiqv ewj‡jb : Kzì‡Z-Bh`vbx|
gywiìv me †m-wPrKv‡i mš¿¯Í nBqv DwV‡jb|
wKšÍy †Kn †KvbI K_v wRÁvmv Kwi‡Z mvnm Kwi‡jb bv|
cxi mv‡ne wPrKvi KwiqvB Avevi †PvL eywRqvwQ‡jb| wZwb Gevi Clr nvwmqv †PvL †gwjqv ewj‡jb : Avgiv KZ
ermi nBj GLv‡b ewmqv AvwQ? R‰bK gywi` ewj‡jb : nhiZ, ermi †Kv_vq? GB bv K‡qK NÈv nBj|
cxi mv‡ne nvwm‡jb| ewj‡jb : A‡bK †`wiÑA‡bK †`wi| Avnv †ePviviv †Pv‡Li evwni Avi wKQzB †`wL‡Z cvq bv|
Aci gywi` ewj‡jb : ûRyi †Kejv, Avcbvi K_v †gv‡UB eywS‡Z cvwijvg bv|
cxi mv‡ne g„`y nvwmqv ewj‡jb : AZ mn‡R wK Avi me K_v eySv hvq †Zv †eUv? †Póv Ki, †Póv Ki|
gywi`wU wQ‡jb GKUz Ave‡`‡i iK‡gi| wZwb evqbv awi‡jb : bv †Kejv, Avgvw`M‡K ewj‡ZB nB‡e| †Kb Avcwb
erm‡ii K_v wRÁvmv Kwi‡jb?
cxi mv‡ne ewj‡jb : I-K_v Avgv‡K wRÁvmv Kwim bv| Zvi †P‡q Ab¨ K_v †kvb| GB †h mv`yjøvn (mydx mv‡n‡ei
bvg) GKwU †Q‡j‡K Avgvi wbKU gywi` Kwi‡Z jBqv Avwmj, Avwg †m-K_v wK Kwiqv Rvwb‡Z cvwijvg? AvR
†Zvgiv Zv¾e nB‡ZQ| wKš‘ BbkvAvjøvn&, hLb †Zvgiv †gviv‡Kev‡q-‡bme‡Z evqbœv‡m Zvwjg jB‡e, ZLb Ac‡ii
†bmeZ m¤^‡Ü †Zvgv‡ì Kje Avqbvi g‡Zv iIkb nBqv hvB‡e| Avj&Mih BnvI †Lv`vi GK kv‡b-Avwhg| mv`yjøvn
hLb Avgvi `¯Í-eywm K‡i, ZLb Zvi gy‡Li w`‡K Avgvi bRi cwoj Ges m‡½ m‡½ Avgvi iæn mv`yjøvn&i iæ‡ni w`‡K
†gvZvIqv¾vnv nBqv †Mj| †mLv‡b Avwg †`Ljvg, mv`yjøvn&i iæn Avi GKUv b~Zb iæ‡ni m‡½ Avjvc Kwi‡Z‡Q|
Dnv‡ZB Avwg eywSqv jBjvg| Avjøvû Avwhgyk& kvb|
ewjqv cxi mv‡ne GKRb gywi`‡K û°vi w`‡K Bw½Z Kwi‡jb|
gywi` û°vi gv_v nvZ wPwjg jBqv ZvgvK mvwR‡Z evwni nBqv †Mj|
cxi mv‡ne ewj‡jb : †Zvgiv Avgvi wb‡Ri byrdvi †Q‡ji g‡Zv| Z_vwc †Zv‡ì wbKU nB‡Z Avgv‡K A‡bK
Mv‡q‡ei K_v †Mvcb ivwL‡Z nq| KviY †Zvgjv †m-mg¯Í ev‡Zbx K_v ei`vkZ Kwi‡Z cvwi‡e bv| †h‡Ki I
†d‡Ki Øviv Kje Kzkv`v Kwievi Av‡MB †KvbI eo iK‡gi b~‡i ZRjøx Zv‡Z Xvwjqv w`‡j Zv‡Z Kje A‡bK mgq
dvwUqv hvq| Gj‡g-jv`ywbœ nvwmj Kwievi Av‡MB Avwg GKevi jI‡n-gvIdz‡R Dcw¯’Z nBqvwQjvg| ZLb Avwg
gvÎ `v‡qiv‡q-nwKK‡Z-jvZv AvBD‡b Zvwjg jB‡ZwQjvg| mv‡q‡i-bvhvexi d‡qh ZLbI Avgvi nv‡mj nq bvB|
Kv‡RB Avi‡k-gIqvjøvi ci`v Avgvi †Pv‡Li mvg‡b nB‡Z DwVqv hvB‡ZB Avwg b~‡i Bh`vbx †`wLqv †enuyk nBqv
cwojvg| Zvici Avgi †Rm‡gi g‡a¨ Avgvi iƒ‡ni mÜvb bv cvBqv Avgvi gy‡k©`-‡KejÑ‡Zviv †Zv Rvwbm Avgvi
Iqv‡j` mv‡neB Avgvi gy‡k©`ÑjI‡n gvndzR nB‡Z Avgvi iƒn Avwbqv Avgvi †Rm‡gi g‡a¨ fwiqv †`b, Ges
wb‡Ri `vqivi evwn‡i hvIqvi Rb¨ Avgv‡K eûr Zw¤^n K‡ib| Kv‡RB †`wL‡ZwQm, K‡ewjIZ nvwmj bv Kwiqv †Kvb
Kv‡R nvZ w`‡Z bvB| LvwbKÿY Av‡M Avwg wRÁvmv KwiqvwQjvg : Avgiv KZ ermi hver GLv‡b ewmqv AvwQ
ïwbqv †Zviv AevK nBqvwQwj| wKš‘ Gi g‡a¨ †h NUbv NwUqv‡Q, Zv ïwb‡j †Zv Av‡iv Zv¾e nBqv hvBwe| †m
Rb¨B †m-K_v ewj‡Z PvB bvB| wKš‘ wKQz wKQz bv ewj‡j †Zviv wkLwe †Kv_v nB‡Z? ZvB †m K_v ejvB DwPZ g‡b
Kwi‡ZwQ| mv`yjøvn GLv‡b Avwmevi ci Avwg Avgvi iæn‡K Qvwoqv w`qvwQjvg| †m Zvgvg `ywbqv Nywiqv mvZ nvRvi
erm‡i KZ ev`kvn IdvZ Kwiqv‡Q, KZ myjZvbvr †gmgvi nBqv‡Q, KZ jovB nBqv‡Q; me Avgvi mvd-mvd g‡b
Av‡Q| †m‡i‡d GBUzKzB ewjjvg; Bnvi †ewk ïwb‡j †Zv‡ì Kje dvwUqv hvB‡e|
BwZg‡a¨ ZvgvK AvwmqvwQj|
cxi mv‡ne bj nv‡Z jBqv ax‡i ax‡i Uvwb‡Z jvwM‡jb|
mfv wb¯Íä iwnj| Kje dvwUqv hvBevi f‡q †Kn †KvbI K_v wRÁvmv Kwij bv|
Gg`v` cxi mv‡n‡ei K_v Kvb cvwZqv ïwb‡ZwQj| †KŠZ~nj I we¯§‡q †m Aw¯’iZv †eva Kwi‡Z jvwMj|
†m w¯’i Kwij, Bnvi K‡Q gywi` nB‡e|

AmviZ¡Ñ wg_¨v, åvwšÍ, mvinxbZv| AócÖniÑ AvU cÖni; cÖwZ wZb N›Uvq GK cÖni- †m wn‡m‡e 24 N›Uvq AvU
cÖni| AvikÑ me©e¨vcx Avjøvni Avmb, D”PZg ¯^Mx©q Ae¯’vb| InxÑ Hkx evYx, Avjøvni †cÖwiZ evYx| K`g-eywmÑ
c`Pz¤^b, cv‡q nvZ w`‡q mvjvg Kiv| KjeÑ ü`q, gb| KwjhyMÑ fviZxq cyivY g‡Z PZz_© ev †kl hyM, Pig
`ybx©wZi ev Aa‡g©i hyM| Kv‡gjÑ wm×, c~Y©v½, wb®‹j¼| †Kvg‡ZÑ AMv÷ †KuvZ (1798-1857), weL¨vZ
mgvRweÁvbx| mgvRweÁv‡bi RbK wn‡m‡e cwiwPZ| †KvZ©vÑ Rvgv, MvÎveiY| RIniÑ gwY, iZœ, g~jëvb cÖ¯Íi
we‡kl| Ziw°Ñ DbœwZ| ZmwenÑ Avjøvni bvg ev †`vqv-ìƒ` cv‡Vi mgq wbw`©ó msL¨v MYbvi Rb¨ `vbv ev MywUi
gvjvwe‡kl| Zvnv¾ZÑ ivwÎi bdj bvgvR| ìMvÑ ì‡ek ev Ava¨vwZ¥K e¨w³i Kei ev gvRvi| e‡qZÑ wkl¨Z¡
MÖnY, gywi` nIqv| ev›`vÑ †Mvjvg, `vm, GKvšÍ AbyMZ e¨w³| eveywP©LvbvÑ ivbœvNi| wgjÑ Rb ÷zqvU© wgj (1806-
1873), weªwUk `vk©wbK I ivR‰bwZK A_©bxwZwe`| gy‡k©`Ñ Ava¨vwZ¥K ¸iæ, cxi, c_-cÖ`k©K| †gmgviÑ me©bvk,
P~Y©-weP~Y©, m¤ú~Y© aŸsm| wi÷IqvPÑ nvZ Nwo| iænvwbqvrÑ Ava¨vwZ¥K Ávb, AvwZ¥K Dcjwä| †kvKiÑ K…ZÁZv,
cÖksmv| mywdÑ giwg gymwjg-mvaK, avwg©K| myjZvbvrÑ ev`kvwn, ivR¯^| †¯úÝviÑ nve©vU© †¯úÝvi (1820-1903),
weL¨vZ mgvRweÁvbx I `vk©wbK| nvwmjÑ Av`vq, AR©b, eyw× I †KŠkjc~e©K Kvh© D×vi| wnDgÑ †WwfW wnDg
(1711-1776), ¯‹Uj¨v‡Ði `vk©wbK-BwZnvmwe`|
mvims‡ÿc :
`k©‡bi QvÎ Gg`v` nVvr K‡iB †hvM †`q Amn‡hvM Av‡›`vj‡b| K‡jR Rxe‡b Gg`v` wQj AvaywbK
Rxeb‡PZbvq DØy×| Gg`v` cvV KiZ wgj, wnDg, †¯úÝvi, †Kuv‡Zi iPbv| G Kvi‡YB agx©q †Kv‡bv wel‡q Zvi
wek¦vm wQj bv| Avjøvn, imyj, †Lv`vi Avik, Iwn, nhi‡Zi †givR-Gi †Kv‡bv wKQzB †m wek¦vm KiZ bv|

Gg`v‡ì Kv‡Q Gi mewKQzB AjxK I AmZ¨Ñ G Kvi‡Y Gme welq wb‡q †m cÖvqB nvwm-Zvgvmv KiZ| wKš‘
Amn‡hvM Av‡›`vj‡b †hvM`v‡bi ci Gg`v` Avg~j cv‡ë †Mj| bvgvR Av`vq Kiv, ZRwe Rc Kiv Gme KvR †m
cvjb Ki‡Z jvMj wbôvi m‡½| euv‡ki KwÂ w`‡q evbv‡bv Zmwei Kvi‡Y Zvi Av½y‡j ÿZ m„wó nj, Zey †m ÿvšÍ
nj bv| G mgq †m mÜvb cvq GK mywdi| mywd mv‡ne Gg`v‡ì mgm¨v eyS‡Z cvi‡jb| wZwb Gg`v`‡K cx‡ii
gywi` n‡Z ej‡jb| msmv‡ii GKgvÎ eÜb dzdz‡K Kuvw`‡q mywd mv‡n‡ei m‡½ Gg`v` cx‡ii evwo‡Z P‡j †Mj|
cxi, whwb GB M‡íi ûRyi †Kejv, bvbv Dcv‡q †KŠk‡j Gg`v`‡K AvK…ó Kivi †Póv Ki‡jb| cx‡ii AvPiY,
wµqvKjvc I KíKvwnwb Gg`v`‡K we¯§qvwff~Z K‡i iv‡L| Gg`v` ûRyi †Kejvi gywi` nevi wm×všÍ MÖnY K‡i|
cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb
1. Gg`v` †Kvb wel‡q Abvm© coZ?
K. Bs‡iwR L. `k©b
M. Aviwe M. D`©y
2. ÔKwjhyMÕ ej‡Z †evSv‡bv n‡q‡QÑ
i. mgm¨v I msKUvcbœ eZ©gvb mgq‡K
ii. b`x-cv‡ii cÖvK…wZK êwPÎ¨‡K
iii. myLx I mg„× AZxZ Kvj‡K
K. i L. ii
M. iii N. i I ii
ajcyi MÖv‡g GKRb mva‡Ki AvMgb N‡U‡Q| wZwb bvwK Soe„wó _vgv‡Z cv‡ib| b`xi Ici w`‡q nuvU‡Z cv‡ib|
Puv`‡K nv‡Zi gy‡Vvq cyi‡Z cv‡ib|
3. DÏxc‡Ki mvaK ÔûRyi †KejvÕ M‡í †Kvb Pwi‡Îi cÖwZwbwaZ¡ K‡i?
K. Gg`v` L. cxi mv‡ne
M. mywd mv‡ne N. iRe
4. Giƒc mv`„k¨ cvIqv hvq †h ev‡K¨Ñ
K. Bnvi †ewk ïwb‡j †Zv‡ì Kje dvwUqv hvB‡e| L. j¾vq Gg`v‡ì ivM nBj|
M. mK‡jB gyL PvIqv-PvIwq Kwi‡Z jvwMj| N. mvivw`b Av‡qvRb Pwjj|
cvV-2
cvVwfwËK D‡Ïk¨
 nyhyi †Kejvi gywi` nevi ci Gg`v‡ì kvixwiK-gvbwmK Ae¯’v eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
 nyhyi †Kejvi fÐvwg I bvix-†jvjycZvi wPÎ A¼b Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
g~jcvV
Pvi
cxi mv‡ne A‡bK wb‡la Kwi‡jb| ewj‡jb : evev, msmvi Qvwoqv _vwK‡Z cvi‡e bv, ZvmvDIqvd eo
KwVb wRwbm BZ¨vw`|
wKš‘ Gg`v` ZvIqv‡¾vn jBj|
cxi mv‡ne wb‡Ri jwZdvq †h‡Ki Rvwi Kwiqv †mB †h‡Ki Gg`v‡ì jwZdvq wb‡ÿc Kwi‡jb|
Gg`v` cÖ_g jwZdv †RK‡i-Rjx Avi¤¢ Kwij|
†m wèvwbwk `yB †PvL eywRqv cxi mv‡n‡ei wb‡`©kgZ ÔGjû GjûÕ Kwi‡Z jvwMj|
cxi mv‡ne ewjqvwQ‡jb : †LjIqvr-ì-AvÄygvb Øviv wb‡Ri Kje‡K ¯^xq jwZdvi w`‡K gyZvIqv¾vn Kwi‡Z
cvwi‡j Zvi Kj‡e hv‡Z-Avnvw`q‡Zi d‡qh nv‡mj nB‡e Ges Zvi iæn Nwoi KuvUi b¨vq Kvuwc‡Z _vwK‡e|
wKš‘ Gg`v` A‡bK †Póv KwiqvI Zvi Kje‡K jwZdvq gyZvIqv¾vn Kwi‡Z cvwij bv| Zrcwie‡Z© Zvi †Pv‡Li
mvg‡b cxi mv‡n‡ei †g‡nw`-iwÄZ `vwo I Zvui iƒcv-evuav‡bv MoMovi Qwe fvwmqv DwV‡Z jvwMj|
d‡j Zvi Kj‡e hv‡Z Avnvw`q‡Zi d‡qh nv‡mj nBqv Zvi iæn‡K Nwoi KvUvi g‡Zv KvucvBevi cwie‡Z© dzdz -
Av¤§vi ¯§„wZ evwo hvBevi Rb¨ Zvi gb‡K DPvUb Kwiqv Zzwj‡Z jvwMj|
w`b hvB‡Z jvwMj|
Abvnv‡i Awb`ªvq Gg`v‡ì †PvL `yÕwU g¯Í‡Ki g‡a¨ cÖ‡ek Kwij| Zvi kixi wbZvšÍ `ye©j I gb AZ¨šÍ Aw¯’i nBqv
cwoj|
†m eywSj, GBfv‡e AviI wKQzw`b †M‡j Zvi iæû e¯‘ZB †Rmg nB‡Z Avhv` nBqv Avj‡g-Avg‡i Pwjqv hvB‡e|
†m w¯’i Kwij, cxi mv‡n‡ei Kv‡Q wb‡Ri AÿgZvi K_v wb‡e`b Kwiqv †m GKw`b we`vq nB‡e|
wKš‘ ewj ewj KwiqvI K_vUv ewj‡Z cwij bv|
GKUv bZyb NUbvq †m we`v‡qi K_vUv AvcvZZ Pvwcqv †Mj| `~ieZx© GK¯’v‡b gywi`MY cxi mv‡ne‡K `vIqvZ
Kwij|
cÖKvÐ eRivq GKgY wN, AvovBgY †Zj, `kgY miæ PvDj, wZbkZ gyiwM, mvZ †mi A¤^ywi ZvgvK Ges †ZiRb
kvM‡i` j&Bqv cxi mv‡ne Ôgywi`v‡bÕ iIqvbv nB‡jb|
cxi mv‡n‡ei ågY e„ËvšÍ BsivwR‡Z wjwLqv KwjKvZvq msev`c‡Î cvVvBevi Rb¨ Gg`v`‡KI m‡½ jIqv nBj|
b`xi †mŠ›`h©, b`xcv‡ii cÖvK…wZK êwPÎ¨ Gg`v‡ì Kv‡Q †ek jvwMj|
cxi mv‡ne MšÍe¨¯’v‡b Dcw¯’Z nB‡jb|
wZwb gyix`M‡Yi wbKU †h Af¨_©bv cvB‡jb, Zvnv †`wL‡j A‡bK ivRv-ev`kvn ivRZ¡ Qvwoqv †gviv‡Kev-†gvkv‡n`vq
ewm‡Zb|
cxi mv‡ne MÖv‡gi †gvo‡ji evwo‡Z Av¯Ívbv Kwi‡jb |
wewfbœ w`b wewfbœ gywi‡ì evwo‡Z weivU †fvR Pwj‡Z jvwMj|
cxi mv‡n‡ei GKUz `~‡i ewmqv ¸iæ‡fvRb Kwiqv Gg`v` GZ w`‡bi K…”Q mvabvi cÖwZ‡kva jB‡Z jvwMj| Bnv‡Z
cÖ_g-cÖ_g Zvi GKUz †c‡U cxov †`Lv w`‡jI kxNªB ‡m mvgjvBqv DwVj Ges Zvi kixi üócyó I †Pnviv †ek
wPKbvB nBqv DwV‡Z jvwMj|
cxi mv‡n‡ei fvZ fvwOevi KmiZ †`Lvi my‡hvM BwZc~‡e© Gg`v‡ì nq bvB| GBevi †m fvM¨ jvf Kwiqv Gg`v`
eywSj : cxi mv‡n‡ei i~nvbxkw³ hZ †ewkB _vKzK bv †Kb, Zvui nRgkw³ wbðqB Zvi †P‡q †ewk|
mÜ¨vq cyiæl‡ì Rb¨ gRwjk ewmZ|
iv‡Z Gkvi bvgv‡Ri ci A›ì gn‡j †g‡q‡ì Rb¨ IqvR nBZ| KviY Ab¨ mgq †g‡q‡ì Kv‡R e¨¯Í _vwK‡Z nq|
†mLv‡b cyiæl‡ì cÖ‡ek wb‡la wQj|
¯¿x‡jvKw`M‡K ag©K_v eySvB‡Z GKUz †`wi nBZ| KviY †g‡q‡jv‡Ki eyw×myw× eo KgÑZviv bv‡KmÑAv‡Kj|
wKš‘ evwoIqvjvi †Q‡j iR‡ei my›ìx ¯¿x Kwjgb m¤^‡Ü cxi mv‡n‡ei aviYv wQj AbïKg| †g‡q-gRwj‡k IqvR
Kwievi mgq wZwb BnviB w`‡K Nb-Nb `„wócvZ Kwi‡Zb|

wZwb A‡bK mgq ewj‡Zb : ZvmvDIqv‡di ev‡Zbx K_v eywSevi ÿgZv GB †g‡qUvi g‡a¨B wKQz Av‡Q| fv‡jv
Kwiqv ZIqv‡¾vn w`‡j Zv‡K Av‡e`v iv‡eqvi ìRvq †cŠuQvBqv †Ìqv hvB‡Z cv‡i|
Gkvi bvgv‡Ri ci `vwo‡Z wPiæYx I Kvc‡o AvZi jvMvb mybœZ Ges cxi mv‡ne mybœ‡Zi GKRb eo †gvÕ‡ZKv`
wQ‡jb|
IqvR Kwievi mgq cxi mv‡n‡ei cÖvqB Rhev AvwmZ|
†m Rh&ev‡K gywi`MY ÔdvbvwdjøvnÕ ewjZ|
GB dvbvwdjøvni mgq cxi mv‡ne ÔR¡wjqv †MjvgÕ Ôcywoqv †MjvgÕ ewjqv wPrKvi Kwiqv wPr nBqv ïBqv cwo‡Zb|
GB mgq cxi mv‡n‡ei iæn Avj‡gÑLvjK nB‡Z Avj‡g-Avg‡i †cuŠwQqv iæ‡n Bh`vwbi m‡½ dvbv nBqv hvBZ Ges
b~‡i Bh&`vwb Zuvi †Pv‡Li Dci Avwmqv cwoZ| wKš‘ †m b~‡ii RjIqv cxi mv‡n‡ei P‡ÿ mn¨ nBZ bv ewjqv wZwb
GBiæc wPrKvi Kwi‡Zb|
ZvB Rh&evi mgq GKLÐ Kv‡jv gLgj w`qv cxi mv‡n‡ei †PvL-gyL XvwKqv w`qv Zvui nvZ-cv wUwcqv wèvi IwmqZ
wQj|
GBiƒc Rh&ev cxi mv‡n‡ei cÖvqB nBZ|
ÑGes †g‡q‡ì mvg‡b IqvR Kwievi mg‡qB GKUz †ewk nBZ|
GB me e¨vcv‡i Gg`v‡ì g‡b GKUz LU&Kvi m„wó nBj| wKš‘ †m †Rvi Kwiqv gb‡K fw³gvb ivwLevi †Póv Kwi‡Z
jvwMj|
†m †Póvq mdj nBevi Av‡MB wKš‘ I-c‡_ evav cwoj| cÖavb Lwjdv mydx eìæÏxb mv‡n‡ei m‡½ cxi mv‡ne‡K
cÖvqB KvbvKvwb Kwi‡Z †`wLqv Gg`v‡ì g‡bi LU&Kv evwoqv †Mj| Zvi g‡b cxi mv‡n‡ei cÖwZ GKUv `ywb©evi
m‡›`‡ni QvqvcvZ nBj|
Ggb mgq cxi mv‡ne AZ¨šÍ AK¯§vr GKw`b †NvlYv Kwi‡jb : wZwb Avi `yÕGK w`‡bi †ewk †m AÂ‡j Zkwid
ivwL‡eb bv|
GB Mfxi †kvK msev‡` kvM‡i`-gywi`M‡Yi mK‡jB wbZvšÍ M¤¢xi nBqv cwoj| R‰bK kvM‡i` mydx mv‡n‡ei
Bkvivq ewj‡jb : ûRyi †Kejv Avcwb GKw`b ewjqvwQ‡jb, Gevi G-AÂ‡ji gywi`MY‡K †Kivg‡Z-†bm&e‡Z-
evqvbvbœvm †`LvB‡eb? Zv bv †`LvBqvB wK nyhyi gv‡S gv‡S †KivgZ †`Lvb bv ewjqv D¤§x gywi`M‡Yi A‡b‡KB
†Mvgivn nBqv hvB‡Z‡Q| gIjvbv jKeavix H fÐUv I-cvovi A‡bK gywi`‡K fvMvBqv wb‡Z‡Q; †m bvwK ermi
ermi GKevi Avwmqv †KivgZ †`LvBqv hvq|
cxi mv‡ne M¤¢xi gy‡L ewj‡jb : (Aviwe I D`y©) AvjøvnB †Kivg‡Zi GKgvÎ gvwjK, gvby‡li mva¨ wK †KivgZ
†`Lvq? I-me kqZv‡bi †Pjv‡ì K_v Avgvi mvg‡b ewjI bv| Z‡e nu¨v, †gviv‡Kev‡q-†bm&e‡Z-evqbvbœvm-Gi
ZiwKe †`LvBe ewjqvwQjvg e‡U, wKš‘ Zvi Avi mgq †Kv_vq?
mg¯Í mvM‡i` I gywi`MY mg¯^‡i ewjqv DwV‡jb : bv ûRyi, mgq Kwi‡ZB nB‡e, Gevi Dnv bv †`wLqv Qvwoe bv|
AMZ¨v cxi mv‡ne ivhx nB‡jb|
w¯’i nBj, †mB iv‡ÎB †gviv‡Kev ewm‡e|
mvivw`b Av‡qvRb Pwjj|
iv‡Î †gŠjy‡ì gvnwdj ewmj| nhiZ cqM¤î mv‡n‡ei A‡bK-A‡bK †gvIqv‡RhvZ ewY©Z nBj|
†gŠj` †k‡l LvIqv-`vIqv nBj Ges Zrci †gviv‡Kevi êVK ewmj|

Avhv`Ñ ¯^vaxb, gy³| DPvUbÑ e¨vKzj, DrKwÉZ, A¯^w¯Íc~Y©| IqvRÑ Dc‡`k, ag©e¨vL¨v, ag©K_v cÖPvi| IwmqZÑ
AwšÍg Dc‡`k ev wb‡`©k| LwjdvÑ GLv‡b cÖwZwbwa A‡_© eëüZ| †KivgZÑ ÿgZv, A‡jŠwKK kw³, eyRywM©|
MoMovÑ ZvgvK Lvevi Rb¨ eëüZ avZzwbwg©Z e„nr nuyKv| †MvgivnÑ AcÖmbœ, wÿß, Amwnòz| wPKbvBÑ J¾¡j¨,
¯^v¯’ëvb| †RmgÑ †`n| ZkwidÑ Dcw¯’Z _vKv, nvwRi _vKv| ZvmvDIqvdÑ mywd gZev`, mywd‡ì Aa¨vZ¥ mvabv|
dvbvwdjøvnÑ AvZ¥nviv ev Zb¥q Ae¯’v| ev‡Zbx K_vÑ kv¯¿m¤ú„³ †Mvcb K_v, †hme Hkx K_v me©mvavi‡Yi wbKU
cÖKvkbxq bq| gRwjmÑ Avmi, êVK, mfv| gvnwdjÑ ag©mfv| †gviv‡KevÑ ¯^Mx©q a¨v‡b gMœ, Avjøvni Gev`‡Z
Zb¥q| iænvbxkw³Ñ AšÍi †_‡K RvZ kw³, Ava¨vwZ¥K Ávb| kvM‡i`Ñ wkl¨, gywi`| mybœZÑ nvw`m kwi‡d ewY©Z Kg©
I AvPiY wewa, nRiZ gyn¤§‡ì (mv.) wb‡`©wkZ KvR|
mvims‡ÿc :
cx‡ii gywi` nIqvi ci Gg`v` cybivq Gev`Z ïiæ K‡i| mshg I K…”Qªmvabvq Gg`v‡ì kixi w`‡b w`‡b ÿ‡q
†h‡Z _v‡K| cx‡ii evwo †_‡K P‡j hv‡e- Ggb fvebv †`Lv †`q Gg`v‡ì g‡b| G mgq Bs‡iwR Rvbvi Kvi‡Y
cx‡ii mdim½x nIqvi my‡hvM Av‡m Gg`v‡ì| cx‡ii evwo hvIqvi ci ¸iæ †fvR‡bi Kvi‡Y Gg`v` Aí w`‡bB
c~‡e©i ¯^v¯’¨ wd‡i †cj| cx‡ii bvbv Kg©Kv‡Ð Gg`v` wPwšÍZ n‡q c‡o| m~² `„wó‡Z †m ch©‡eÿY Ki‡Z jvMj
cx‡ii Am½Z AvPvi-AvPiY| cxi mv‡n‡ei fvZ fvOevi KmiZ, bvix‡ì ag©K_v †kvbv‡bvi †KŠkj,
evwoIqvjvi †Q‡j iR‡ei my›ìx ¯¿x Kwjg‡bi w`‡K evievi `„wócvZ, dvbvwdjøvi mgq ÔR¡wjqv †Mjvg, cywoqv
†MjvgÕ wPrKvi, bvixgn‡j Iqv‡Ri mgq `vwo‡Z wPiæwb I Kvc‡o AvZi jvMv‡bv, mywd eìæÏx‡bi m‡½ gv‡S
gv‡S cx‡ii KvbvKvwbÑ Ggb me NUbv I `„k¨ †`‡L Gg`v‡ì g‡b nyhyi †Kejvi mZZv wb‡q m‡›`n `vbv euva‡Z
ïiæ K‡i|
cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb
5. cxi mv‡ne †Kv_vq Av¯Ívbv †M‡o‡Qb?
K. †gvoj evwo L. iæn iRe
M. eìæwÏb mv‡n‡ei Ni N. by‡ii RjIqv
6. †g‡qiv Ôbv‡Km-Av‡KjÕ, KviYÑ
K. ag©K_v †ev‡S bv L. eyw×myw× Kg
M. ev‡Zwb K_v †ev‡S N. iænvwb kw³ †ewk
bvwd jÛb †_‡K e¨vwi÷vwi cvk K‡i m¤úªwZ †`‡k wd‡i G‡m‡Q| wKQzKvj c‡iB †Kv‡U© cÖ¨vKwUm& ïiæ Ki‡e GB
Zvi B”Qv| wKš‘ ¯^-MÖv‡gi †jvK‡ì ag©xq Kzms¯‹vi Avi AÜwek¦vm Zvi gb‡K e¨w_Z K‡i| †m MÖv‡g wkÿvi Av‡jv
R¡vwj‡q AÜKvi `~i Ki‡Z Pvq|
7. DÏxc‡Ki bvwd ÔûRyi †KejvÕ M‡íi †Kvb Pwi‡Îi m‡½ mv`„k¨c~Y©?
K. Gg`v` L. iRe
M. Kwjgb N. wmwÏKzjøvn
8. DÏxc‡Ki Awaevmx‡ì m‡½ ÔûRyi †KejvÕ M‡í †h wel‡q mv`„k¨ i‡q‡QÑ
i. †Mvuovwg
ii. AÁZv
iii. Kzms¯‹vi
K. i L. ii
M. iii N. i, ii I ii

cvV-3
cvVwfwËK D‡Ïk¨
 cxi mv‡ne I Zvi mvM‡i` eìæÏx‡bi fÐvwg wek` e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
 Gg`v‡ì KiæY cwiYwZ Av‡jvPbv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb |
 cxi mv‡n‡ei PwiÎ we‡kølY Ki‡Z cvi‡eb |
g~jcvV
cuvP.
cxi mv‡ne ewj‡jb : AvR †Zvgv‡ì Avwg †h †gviv‡Kevi ZiwKe †`LvBe, Bnv Øviv Avgvi †h-†Kv‡bv
†jv‡Ki iæ‡ni m‡½ K_v ej‡Z cvwi| Avwg hw` †gvivKvevq ewm, Z‡e †mB iæn †Mvc‡b Avgvi m‡½ K_v ewjqv
Pwjqv hvB‡e| †Zvgiv wKQzB †`wL‡Z cvB‡e bv| †Zvgv‡ì g‡a¨ GKRb †gvivKvevq em, †Zvgiv hvi K_v ewj‡e
Avwg Zvi iæ‡ni w`‡K ZvIqv‡¾vn †`LvBqv ZviB iæ‡ni d‡qR nvwmj Kwie| Zrci †Zvgiv †h †Kn Zvi m‡½ K_v
ewj‡Z cvwi‡e|
†Zvgv‡ì g‡a¨ †K †gvivKvevq ewm‡e? mK‡j gyL PvIqv-PvIwq Kwi‡Z jvwMj|
†KnB †Kvb K_v ewjj bv, †gvivKvevq ewm‡Z †KnB AMÖmi nBj bv|
Gg`v` ùvovBqv ewjj : Avwg ewme|
cxi mv‡ne GKUy nvwm‡jb|
ewj‡jb : evev, †gviv‡Kev AZ †mvRv bq| ZzB AvwRI †hK‡i-Ldv-Avg Kwim bvB, †gviv‡Kevq ewm‡Z Pvm?
Ñewjqv wZwb †nv †nv Kwiqv nvwmqv DwV‡jb|
†`Lv‡`wL Dcw¯’Z mK‡jB nvwmqv DwVj|
j¾vq Gg`v‡ì ivM nBj| †m ewmqv cwoj|
cxi mv‡ne Avevi ewj‡jb : wK, Avgvi gywi`M‡Yi g‡a¨ AvwRI KviI GZ`~i iænvbx Zi°x nvwmj nq bvB, †h
†gviv‡Kevq ewm‡Z cv‡i? Avgvi Lwjdv‡ì g‡aÏ †Kn bvB?
Ñewjqv wZwb kvM‡i`‡ì w`‡K `„wó wdivB‡jb|
cÖavb Lwjdv mywd mv‡ne DwVqv ewj‡jb : ûRyi †Kejv wK Z‡e ev›`v‡K nyKzg Kwi‡Z‡Qb? Avwg †Zv Avcbvi
Av‡`‡k KZevi †gviv‡Kevq-†bm&e‡Z-evqbvbœv‡m ewmqvwQ| †KvbI bZyb †jvK‡K emvB‡j nBZ bv?
mywd mv‡ne AviI A‡bKevi ewmqv‡Qb ïwbqv gywi`M‡Yi AšÍ‡i GKUz mvn‡mi D‡`ªK nBj|
Zviv mK‡j mg¯^‡i ewjj : AvcwbB emyb, AvcwbB emyb|
AMZ¨v cxi mv‡n‡ei Av‡`‡k mydx mv‡ne †gviv‡Kevq ewm‡jb|
cxi mv‡ne Dcw¯’Z `k©K‡ì w`‡K Pvwnqv ewj‡jb : Kvi iæ‡ni d‡qh nv‡mj Kwie?
gywi`M‡Yi gy‡Li K_v †hvMvBevi Av‡MB R‰bK mvM‡i` ewj‡jb : GBgvÎ †gŠjy`-kwid nBqvQ; nhiZ cqM¤î
mv‡n‡ei †gvqv‡Rhv eqvb nBqv‡Q| ZuviB iæn Avbv †nvK|
mK‡jB Lywk nBqv ewj‡jb : ZvB nDK, ZvB nDK| ZvB nBj|
mydx mv‡ne AvZi-wm³ gyLgÐ‡j MvwjPvq ZvwKqv †njvb w`qv ewm‡jb| Pviw`‡K AvMievwZ R¡vjvBqv †Ìqv nBj|
†gkK& hvdivb I AvZ‡ii M‡Ü Ni fwiqv †Mj|
cxi mv‡ne Zuvi cÖavb Lwjdvi iæ‡n †kl cqM¤î nhiZ †gvnv¤§‡ì iæn †gveviK bv‡hj Kwievi Rb¨ wVK Zvui
mvg‡b ewm‡jb|
kvM‡iìv Pvwiw`‡K wNwiqv ewmqv wgwjZ-K‡É myi Kwiqv ìæ` cvV Kwi‡Z jvwM‡jb| cxi mv‡n‡ei †Pv‡L-gy‡L
duywK‡Z jvwM‡j|
wKQzÿY dzuwKevi ci kvM‡i`MY‡K Pzc Kwi‡Z Bw½Z Kwiqv cxi mv‡ne ey‡K nvZ eu vwaqv GK`„‡ó, mydx mv‡n‡ei
ey‡Ki `yBUv †evZvg Lywjqv Zvui ey‡Ki LvwbKUv Ask duvK Kwiqv †Ìqv nBqvwQj, cxi mv‡ne Zvui `„wó †mBLv‡bB
wbe× Kwi‡jb|
Aíÿ‡Yi g‡a¨B mydx mv‡n‡ei kixi Kuvwc‡Z jvwMj| K¤úb µ‡gB evwoqv †Mj| mydx mv‡ne Nb Nb wbtk¦vm
†dwj‡Z jvwM‡jb Ges nvZ cv Qzwo‡Z Qzwo‡Z gywQ©‡Zi b¨vq weQvbvq jyUvBqv cwo‡jb|
cxi mv‡ne gywi`M‡Yi w`‡K Pvwnqv ewj‡jb : eì evevRxi GKUz ZK&wjd nBj| wK Kwie? c‡ii iæ‡ni Dci Ab¨
iæ‡ni d‡qh nv‡mj Avmvwbe m‡½ Kiv †ej&Kzj bv-†gvg‡Kb| hv nDK, nhi‡Zi iæn Zkwid Avwbqv‡Qb| †Zvgiv
mK‡j DwVqv †Kqvg Ki|
Ñewjqv wZwb ¯^qs DwVqv cwo‡jb| mK‡jB ùvovBqv mg¯^‡i cwo‡Z jvwMj : Bqv bex mvjvg Avjvq Kv BZ¨vw`|
†Kqvg I ìæ` †kl nB‡j Af¨vm gZ A‡b‡KB ewmqv cwoj|
cxi mv‡ne agK w`qv ewj‡jb : nhi‡Zi iæ‡n cvK GLbI GB gRwj‡m nvwRi Av‡Qb, †Zvgiv †Kn ewm‡Z cvwi‡e
bv| Kvi Kx mIqvj Kwievi Av‡Q, Kwi‡Z cvi|
Gg`v` GKUv welg auvavq cwoqv †Mj| †m Bnv‡K wKQz‡ZB mZ¨ ewjqv gvwbqv jB‡Z cvwij bv|
Ñgv_vq GK dw›` AuvwUqv AMÖmi nBqv ewjj : †Kejv, Avwg †Kvb mIqvj Kwi‡Z cvwi?
cxi mv‡ne †PvL Mig Kwiqv ewj‡jb : hvI bv, wRÁvmv Ki bv wMqv!
ewjqv KÉ¯î A‡cÿvK„Z †gvjv‡qg Kwiqv Avevi ewj‡jb : evev mK‡ji K_vB hw` iæ‡n-cv‡Ki Kv‡Q cuûwQZ, Z‡e
`ywbqvi me gvbylB Iwj-Avjøvn nBqv hvBZ|
Gg`v` Z_vwc mydx mv‡n‡ei w`‡K Pvwnqv ewjj : Avcwb hw` nhiZ cqM¤î mv‡n‡ei iæn nb, Z‡e Avgvi ìæ`-
mvjvg Rvwb‡eb|
nhi‡Zi iæn †Kvb Reve w`j bv|
cxi mv‡ne Gg`v‡ì Kuv‡a nvZ w`qv Zv‡K GKw`‡K †Vwjqv w`qv ewj‡jb : AwaKÿY iæ‡n cvK‡K ivLv †e-Av`we
nB‡e| †Zvgv‡ì hw` KvnviI wmbv mvd nBqv _v‡K, Z‡e Avwmqv †h †Kvb mIqvj Kwi‡Z cvi|
Ñewj‡ZB cxi mv‡n‡ei Ab¨Zg Lwjdv gIjvbv †ejv‡qZcyix mv‡ne AMÖmi nBqv ÔAvm&mvjv‡gv AvjvBKzg Bqv
ivm~jyjøvnÕ ewjqv mydx mv‡n‡ei mvg‡b ùvovB‡jb| mK‡j wew¯§Z nBqv ïwbj mydx mv‡n‡ei gyL w`qv evwni nBj :
Iqv AvjvqKzgm& mvjvg, Bqv D¤§Zx|
gIjvbv mv‡ne ewj‡jb : †n †imvjZ-cbv, ˆmq`yj KvIbv‡qb, Avwg Avcbvi †L`g‡Z GKUv Avih Kwi‡Z PvB|
AvIqvR nBj : wkM&wMi ej, Avgvi Avi †ìx Kwievi Dcvq bvB| gIjvbv : Avgv‡ì cxi `¯ÍwMi †Kejv mv‡ne
b~‡i-Bh-`vwbi RjIqv mn¨ Kwi‡Z cv‡ib bv, Bnvi KviY wK? Zvui Avg‡j wK †KvbI Mj` Av‡Q?
ewjqv cxi mv‡ne Kuvw`qv †dwj‡jb|
mydx mv‡n‡ei A‡PZb †`‡ni ga¨ nB‡Z AvIqvR nBj : †n Avgvi wcqviv D¤§r, NveovBI bv| †Zvgvi Dci
Avjøvni ingr nB‡e| Zzwg gvidr LyuwR‡ZQ| wKš‘ kwiqZ Z¨vM Kwiqv wK gvidr nq|
cxi mv‡ne nvZ KPjvBqv ewj‡jb : ûRyi, Avwg K‡e kwiqZ Ae‡njv Kwijvg?
DËi nBj : Ae‡njv Ki bvB, wKš‘ cvjbI Ki bvB| Avwg kwiq‡Z Pvi wewe nvjvj KwiqvwQ| wKš‘ †Zvgvi gvÎ
wZb wewe| hviv mvaviY `ywbqv`vi gvbyl Zv‡ì GK wewe nB‡jI Pwj‡Z cv‡i| wKš‘ hviv iænvbx d‡qh nv‡mj

Kwi‡Z Pvq, Zv‡ì Pvi wewe Qvov Dcvq bvB| Avwg Pvi wewei eë¯’v †Kb KwiqvwQ, †Zvgiv wKQz eywSqvQ? Pvi
w`qvB G `ywbqv, Pvi w`qvB Av‡LivZ| Pvi w`‡K hv ‡`L meB †Lv`v Pvi wPR w`qv cq`v Kwiqv‡Qb| Pvi wPR w`qv
†Lv`vZvÕjv Av`g m„wó Kwiqv Zvi †n`v‡q‡Zi Rb¨ Pvi wKZve cvVvBqv‡Qb| †mB †n`v‡qZ cvB‡Z nB‡j gvbyl‡K
Pv‡ii duv‡` †dwjqv †Lv`vZvÕjv Pvi Kziwmi AšÍiv‡j jyKvBqv Av‡Qb| GB Pv‡ii ci`v †Vwjqv Avj‡g-Avg‡i b~‡i-
Bh&`vwb‡Z dvbv nB‡Z nB‡e, `ywbqv‡Z Pvi wewei fRbv Kwi‡Z nB‡e| cxi mv‡ne mKj‡K ïbvBqv nhi‡Zi iæ‡ni
w`‡K Pvwnqv ewj‡jb : GB e„× eq‡m Avevi weevn Kwie?
ÑZzwg e„×? Avwg lvU ermi eq‡m beg evi weevn KwiqvwQjvg|
cxi mv‡ne wgbwZ fiv K‡É ewj‡jb : bv †imvjZ-cbv Avwg Avi weevn Kwie bv|
Ñbv Ki, fvjB| wKš‘ †Zvgvi iænvbx KvgvwjqZ nv‡mj nB‡e bv| Zzwg b~‡i-Bh&`vwbi RjIqv ei`vkZ Kwi‡Z
cvwi‡e bv| †Zvgvi gywi`v‡bi †KnB bdmvwbq‡Zi nvZ GovB‡Z cvwi‡e bv|
cxi mv‡ne nuvUz Mvwoqv ewmqv ewj‡jb : Avwg wb‡Ri Rb¨ fvwe bv Bqv ivmyjyjøvn; wKš‘ hLb Avgvi gywi`M‡Yi Awbó
nB‡e, ZLb weevn Kwi‡Z ivwR nBjvg| wKš‘ Avwg GK eywo‡K weevn Kwie|
ÑZzwg ZIev AvmZvMdvi co| Zzwg †Lv`vi Kjg i` Kwi‡Z PvI? †Zvgvi weevn wVK nBqv Av‡Q| †e‡n‡¯Í Avwg
Zvi Qwe †`wLqv AvwmqvwQ|
Ñ†m †K, Bqv imyjyjøvn?
ÑGB evwoi †Zvgvi gywi‡ì †QvU †Q‡j iR‡ei ¯¿x Kwjgb|
ÑBqv imyjyjøvn, Avwg gywi‡ì ¯¿x‡K weevn Kwie? †m †h Avgvi †eUvi eD-Gi kvwgj|
ÑBqv D¤§wZ, Avwg Avgvi cvwjZ cyÎ hv‡q‡ì ¯¿x‡K wbKvn& KwiqvwQjvg, Avi Zzwg GKRb gywi‡ì ¯¿x‡K wbKvn&
Kwi‡Z cvwi‡e bv?
Bqv imyjøvn, †m †h maev!
iRe‡K ej ¯¿x‡K ZvjvK w`‡Z| Kwjgb †Zvgvi Rb¨B nvjvj| G gvidwZ wbKvqv BÏZ cvj‡bi cÖ‡qvRb nB‡e bv|
Avwg _vwK‡Z cvwi bv| Pwjjvg| AivngvZzjøvn AvjvBKzg, Bqv D¤§wZ|
g~wQ©Z mydx mv‡ne GKUv weKU wPrKvi Kwi‡jb| cxi mv‡n‡ei Aci-Aci kvM‡iìv Zuv‡K m‡Rv‡i cvLvi evZvm
Kwi‡Z jvwM‡jb|
gywi`M‡Yi mwbe©Ü Aby‡iva m‡Ë¡I cxi mv‡n‡ei gv_v bvwoqv ewj‡Z jvwM‡jb : PvB bv Avwg iænvbx KvgvwjqZ|
Avwg gywi‡ì eD‡K weevn Kwi‡Z cvwie bv|
Mªvg¨ gywi`MY Av‡Liv‡Zi f‡q cxi mv‡n‡ei A‡bK nv‡Z-cv‡q avwij| cxi mv‡ne AUj|
GB mgq cÖavb Lwjdv mydx mv‡ne ¯§iY KivBqv w`‡jb : GB wbKvn bv Kwi‡j †Kej cxi mv‡n‡ei GKviB iænvbx
†jvKmvb nB‡e bv, Zuvi gywi`M‡Yi mK‡ji iæ‡ni DciI eûZ gywmeZ cwo‡e| ZLb cxi mv‡ne AMZ¨v wb‡Ri
†iRvg›`x RvbvBqv `vwo‡Z nvZ eyjvB‡Z-eyjvB‡Z ewj‡Z jvwM‡jb, †mvenvb Avjøvn! G meB Kzì‡Z Gjvwn! ZvuiB
kv‡b Avwhg! Avjøvn& cvK wb‡RB †KviAvbÑgwR‡` digvBqv‡Qb : (Aviwe I D`y©) ... |
evc-PvPv-cvov-cowki Aby‡iv‡a, Av‡`‡k, wZi¯‹v‡i I Ae‡k‡l Drcxo‡b wZwó‡Z bv cvwiqv iRe Zvi GK eQi
Av‡M weqv-Kiv Av`‡ii ¯¿x‡K ZvjvK w`j Ges Kvc‡oi Lyu‡U †PvL gywQ‡Z gywQ‡Z evwoi evwni nBqv †Mj|
Kwjg‡bi Nb-Nb g~Q©vi g‡a¨ AwZkq Î¯ÍZvi m‡½ ïfKvh© mgvav nBqv †Mj| Gg`v` ¯Íw¤¢Z nBqv ei †e‡k mw¾Z
cxi mv‡n‡ei w`‡K Pvwnqv wQj| Zvi †PvL nB‡Z Av¸b wVKivBqv evwni nB‡ZwQj|
GBevi Zvi †PZbv wdwiqv Avwmj| †m GK jv‡d eivm‡b-Dcweó cxi mv‡n‡ei m¤§y‡L Dcw¯’Z nBqv Zuvi †g‡nw`-
iwÄZ `vwo awiqv †nP&Kv Uvb gvwiqv ewjj : †i fÐ kqZvb! wb‡Ri cvc-evmbv c~Y© Kwievi Rb¨ `yBUv ZiæY cÖvY
Ggb `ytLgq Kwiqv w`‡Z †Zvi ey‡K evwRj bv?
Avi ewj‡Z cvwij bv| kvM‡i`-gywiìv mK‡j gvi& gvi& Kwiqv Avwmqv Gg`v`‡K awiqv †dwjj Ges Po-Pvco
gvwi‡Z jvwMj|
Gg`v` MÖv‡gi gvZeŸi mv‡n‡ei w`‡K Pvwnqv ewjj : †Zvgiv wbZvšÍ g~L©| GB f‡Ði PvjvwK eywS‡Z cvwi‡ZQ bv?
wb‡R kL wgUvBevi Rb¨ nhiZ cqM¤î mv‡ne‡K jBqv Zvgvmv Kwiqv Zuvi Acgvb Kwi‡Z‡Q| †Zvgiv GB
kqZvb‡K cywj‡k `vI|
cxi mv‡n‡ei cÖwZ Gg`v‡ì †eqv`we‡Z gywiìv BwZc~‡e© GKUz Amš‘ó nBqv wQj| Gevi Zvi gw¯Í®‹ weK…wZ m¤^‡Ü
Zviv wbtm‡›`n nBj| gvZeŸi mv‡ne ûKzg Kwi‡jb : GB cvMjUv Avgv‡ì ûRyi †Kejvi Acgvb Kwi‡Z‡Q|
†Zvgiv K‡qKRb Bnv‡K Kvb awiqv MÖv‡gi evwni Kwiqv w`qv Avm|
f~jywÉZ cxi mv‡ne BwZg‡a¨ DwVqv ÔAvm&ZvM‡diyjøvnÕ cwo‡Z cwo‡Z Zu vi AvjyjvwqZ `vwo‡Z Av½yj w`qv wPiæYx
Kwi‡ZwQ‡jb| gvZeŸi mv‡n‡ei ûKz‡gi wc‡V wZwb ûKzg Kwi‡jb : †`wLm eveviv, I‡K †ewk gviwcU Kwim bv| I
cvMj| Ii gv_v Lvivc| Ii evc I‡K Avgvi nv‡Z muwcqv w`qvwQj| A‡bK ZvweR w`jvg| wKš‘ †Kv‡bv dj nBj
bv| †Lv`v hv‡K kvdv bv †`b, Zv‡K †K fvj Kwi‡Z cv‡i? (Aviwe I D`y©)|

Av‡LivZÑ †klRxeb, ciKvj| AvihÑ cÖv_©bv, Aby‡iva| KzìZÑ gwngvwe‡kl, A‡jŠwKK kw³| †KejvÑ g°vi
cweÎ KvevM„‡ni w`K, †hw`‡K gyL K‡i bvgvR cov nq| GLv‡b cig kª‡×q e¨w³ wn‡m‡e eëüZ| †KqvgÑ wgjv`
cv‡Vi mg‡q nRiZ gynv¤§‡ì (mv.) ¯§„wZi m¤§v‡b ùvov‡bv, bvgv‡Ri mgq `Ðvqgvb Ae¯’v| †L`gZÑ †mevhZœ,
cwiPh©v| ZIevÑ cybivq cvc KvR bv Kivi Rb¨ msKí, Bmjvg-wb‡`©wkZ ag©c‡_ cÖZ¨veZ©b| cuûwQZÑ †cuŠQvZ|
cqM¤îÑ evYx ev evZ©vevnK, bex, imyj, Avjøvni †cÖwiZ `~Z| gvidrÑ gva¨g, Aa¨vZ¥mvabvi †kl ¯Íi| hvdivbÑ
cvi‡mï cy®úwe‡k‡li †Kki| kwiqZÑ Bmjvwg Kvbyb, Bmjvg m¤§Z Rxebweavb| kvdvÑ Av‡ivM¨, gyw³, cwiÎvY,
mIqvjÑ †Riv, cÖv_©bv| wmbvÑ eÿt¯’j, ey‡Ki cÖ¯’, QvwZ|
mvims‡ÿc :
gywi‡ì †cŠbtcywbK Aby‡iv‡a cxi mv‡ne GKmgq Zvi †KivgwZ †`Lv‡Z ivwR n‡jb| †gviv‡Kevq emvi Rb¨
gywi`‡ì Aby‡iva Ki‡j GwM‡q Av‡m Gg`v`| wKš‘ D‡`¨vM mdj n‡e bv, ZvB Gg`v`‡K †gviv‡Kevq em‡Z
w`‡jb bv cxi mv‡ne| †kl ch©šÍ mydx eìæÏxb †gviv‡Kevq em‡jb| eìæÏx‡bi †`‡n Avbv nj nRiZ gyn¤§‡ì
(mv.) iæn| GB iænB e‡jb †h, cxi mv‡n‡ei AviI GKUv we‡q Kiv cÖ‡qvRb Ges Zvi PZz_© wewe n‡e iR‡ei
¯¿x Kwjgb| iæ‡ni wb‡`©k gZ fÐ nyhyi †Kejv we‡q K‡ib iR‡ei ¯¿x Kwjgb‡K| cx‡ii Gme Kg©KvÐ mn¨ Ki‡Z
bv †c‡i GKmgq Gg`v` AvµgY K‡i e‡m cxi mv‡ne‡K| cx‡ii gywiìv `ªæZ Gg`v`‡K wbe„Ë Kij Ges
gvZeŸ‡ii wb‡`©‡k Zv‡K MÖvg †_‡K †ei K‡i w`j |
9. cxi mv‡n‡ei Av‡`‡k †K †gviv‡Kevq e‡m?

K. Gg`v` L. iRe
M. mv`yjøvn N. eìæÏxb
10. Gg`v`‡K MÖv‡gi evB‡i †ei K‡i †`qv nq †h Kvi‡YÑ
K. cxi‡K Acgvb Kivq L. cxi‡K mn‡hvwMZv Kivq
M. †gvivKvevq em‡Z PvIqvq N. d‡qh jv‡f Amg_© nIqvq

Ô†Lv`v, iÿv Ki! iÿv Ki †Lv`v! ing Ki GB Aag¸‡jvi Ici!Õ Kvbœvq †f‡O co‡jb Rwgi †ecvwi| g‡b g‡b
gvbZ Ki‡jb| hw` dmj bó bv nq Zvn‡j nv‡ji Miæ †Rvov wci mv‡ne‡K †`‡eb wZwb|
11. DÏxc‡Ki Rwgi †ecvwi ÔûRyi †KejvÕ M‡í Kvi m‡½ mvgÄm¨c~Y©?
K. MÖvg¨ gywi` L. Gg`v`
M. †ejv‡qZcyix N. MÖvg¨ gvZeŸi
12. DÏxcK I ÔûRyi †KejvÕ M‡í cÖKvwkZ n‡q‡QÑ
K. †`k‡cÖg L. Av`k©‡eva
M. mvgvwRK cÖwZcwË N. Kzms¯‹viv”QbœZv
P~ovšÍ g~j¨vqb
13. ÔûRyi †KejvÕ M‡í wci mv‡ne KLb bvix‡ì Avm‡i eqvb Ki‡Zb?
K. Gkvi ci L. mÜ¨vi Av‡M
M. †gvivKvevi ci N. †Kqv‡gi Av‡M
14. Ôbv‡Km-Av‡KjÕ n‡”QÑ
K. Kg eyw× L. †ewk eyw×
M. iænvwb kw³ N. nRg kw³
KvwR gywÝ BÏZ cvjb e¨wZ‡i‡K Avdwibv‡K we‡q K‡i PZz_© ¯¿x wnmv‡e N‡i †Zv‡jb| gywÝ mv‡n‡ei g‡Z, kvw` Kiv
Bmjv‡gi ag©xq weavb| G‡Z †`v‡li wKQz †bB|
15. DÏxc‡Ki KvwR gyÝxi m‡½ ÔûRyi †KejvÕ M‡í †Kvb Pwi‡Îi wgj i‡q‡Q?
K. mywd mv‡ne L. cxi mv‡ne
M. †gvoj N. jwZdv
16. Giƒc mv`„‡kï KviY n‡jvÑ
K. mvgvwRK cÖ‡qvRb L. a‡g©i Aceënvi
M. wcZ…‡Z¡i AnsKvi N. esk iÿv
gwZ gv÷vi GZ †jvK †RvUvj †Kgb K‡i? KvRx evwoi co–qv †Q‡j iwk`‡K `‡ji g‡a¨ †`‡L Av‡iv GKUz AevK
nj QKz| e¨vcviUv A‡bK `~i AvuP Ki‡Z cvij †m| MZKvj KvRx cvovq ey‡ov KvRxi m‡½ ZK© KiwQj gwZ
gv÷vi| MZ K‡qK eQi wK †Lv`v‡i Wv‡Kb bvB Avcbviv? nu¨v, WvKwQ‡jb| wKš‘ dj Kx n‡q‡Q? dmj wK euvP‡Q
Avcbv‡Mv? euv‡P bvB| ZvB KB‡Z AvQjvg †Kej eBmv eBmv †Lv`v‡i WvK‡j Pj‡ev bv| G KqUv Muv‡q gvbyl †Zv
Avgiv Kg bB| mevB wg‡j euvaUv‡i hw` cvnviv w`B, mva¨ Kx euva fv‡O? gwZ gv÷v‡ii K_v ï‡b ùvZ wLuwP‡q †Z‡o
G‡mwQ‡jb ey‡ov KvRx|
K. cxi mv‡n‡ei evwo‡Z KqwU Zjv i‡q‡Q?
L. Ô†Lv`v hv‡K kvdv bv †`b, Zv‡K †K fvj Kwi‡Z cv‡i?Õ ÑDw³wU eywS‡q ejyb|
M. DÏxc‡Ki gwZ gv÷vi ÔûRyi †KejvÕ M‡íi †Kvb PwiÎwUi m‡½ Zzjbxq? Ñe¨vL¨v Kiæb|
N. ÒAv‡jvwKZ mgvR Mo‡Z n‡j cÖ‡qvRb gy³eyw× I cÖ`xß †PZbvi gvbyl|Ó Ñ DÏxcK I ÔûRyi †KejvÕ
M‡íi Av‡jv‡K gšÍe¨wU wePvi Kiæb|
K.
cxi mv‡n‡ei evwowU GKZjv cvKv evwo|
L.
Ô†Lv`v hv‡K kvdv bv †`b, Zv‡K †K fvj Kwi‡Z cv‡i?ÕÑ Dw³wUi ga¨ w`‡q m„wóKZ©vi B”Qvkw³ I gvby‡li
AmnvqZ¡‡K Zz‡j aiv n‡q‡Q|
ÔûRyi †KejvÕ M‡í cxi mv‡ne gywi` iR‡ei ¯¿x Kwjgb‡K iæn cv‡Ki wb‡`©‡k we‡q K‡ib| Gg`v` a‡g©i bv‡g cxi
mv‡n‡ei GB cÖZviYvi cÖwZev` Ki‡j cxi mv‡n‡ei ag©vÜ gywiìv Zv‡K Acgvb K‡i MÖvg †_‡K Zvwo‡q †`q| cxi
mv‡n‡ei g‡Z Gg`v` gvbwmK †ivMx Ges Zuvi †Póv m‡Ë¡I fv‡jv nqwb| †Kbbv †Lv`v hv‡K fv‡jv bv K‡ib gvby‡li
c‡ÿ Zv‡K fv‡jv Kiv Am¤¢e| Dw³wU‡Z cxi mv‡n‡ei ag©eëmv‡qi ¯îƒc cÖKvwkZ n‡q‡Q|
M.
DÏxc‡Ki gwZ gv÷vi PwiÎwU ÔûRyi †KejvÕ M‡í Gg`v‡ì m‡½ Zzjbxq|
ag©vÜZv mgvR I mf¨Zvi cÖMwZ‡Z cÖwZeÜKZv m„wó K‡i| G‡ÿ‡Î ag©eëmvqxiv ag©‡K wb‡R‡ì Xvj wnmv‡e
eënvi K‡i| Zviv me©`vB gvby‡li ag©fxiæZvi my‡hvM wb‡q wbR ¯^v_© D×v‡i Zrci nq| wKš‘ †Kv‡bv cÖMwZkxj
gvby‡li wbKU ag©vÜZvi wPÎ aiv co‡j Zviv Gi cÖwZev` Rvbvq|
DÏxc‡Ki gwZ gv÷vi GKRb cÖMwZkxj wkwÿZ gvbyl| KvRx evwoi co–qv †Q‡j iwk`‡K wZwb `‡j †U‡b cÖPwjZ
wek¦v‡mi evB‡i wM‡q‡Qb| MÖv‡gi gvbyl‡K mw¤§wjZ K‡i euva cvnviv w`‡q MÖvg‡K iÿv Kivi †Póv K‡i‡Qb|
Ab¨w`‡K ÔûRyi †KejvÕ M‡í Gg`vÌ GKRb D”PwkwÿZ cÖMwZgbv e¨w³| †m A‡bKUv †KŠZ~nje‡k cÖ_vMZ Rxeb
Z¨vM K‡i cx‡ii gywi` nq| wKš‘ hLb †m Rvb‡Z cv‡i †h DwÏó cxi mv‡ne GKRb bvix‡jvjyc, fÐ I cÖZviK,
ZLb †m Gi weiæ‡× cÖwZev` K‡i| cwiYwZ‡Z cxi mv‡n‡ei ag©vÜ gywiìv Gg`v`‡K MÖv‡gi evB‡i †ei K‡i †`q|
Gfv‡e †PZbvMZ w`K †_‡K DÏxc‡Ki gwZ gv÷vi PwiÎwU ÔûRyi †KejvÕ M‡íi Gg`v‡ì m‡½ mv`„k¨c~Y©|
N.
ÔAv‡jvwKZ mgvR Mo‡Z n‡j cÖ‡qvRb DÏxc‡Ki gwZ gv÷vi I ÔûRyi †KejvÕ M‡íi Gg`v‡ì g‡Zv gy³eyw× I
cÖ`xß †PZbvi gvbyl|Õ ÑgšÍe¨wU h_v_© n‡q‡Q|
c„w_ex‡Z hy‡M hy‡M A‡bK cÖMwZkxj †PZbvi gvbyl Rb¥MÖnY K‡i‡Qb| m½Z Kvi‡Y Zuviv gvbexq g~j¨‡eva‡K wbR
†PZbvq aviY K‡ib| Zuv‡ì †PZbvq _v‡K †`k, mgvR I gvbeRvwZi mvwe©K Kj¨vY| A‡bK mgq Zuv‡ì G ¯^cœ
cÖvPxbcwš’, ag©eëmvqx I cÖwZwµqvkxj P‡µi Øviv wecbœ nq, wKš‘ †kl ch©šÍ Zv Av‡jvi gyL †`‡L|
DÏxc‡K MÖv‡gi gvbyl¸‡jv cÖPwjZ cÖ_vq wek¦vm K‡i| Zviv g‡b K‡i †h N‡i e‡m †Kej †Lv`v‡K WvK‡jB euva iÿv
cv‡e| Zv‡ì dmj †eu‡P hv‡e| a‡g©i m‡½ Kg©cÖ‡Póv‡K Zviv ¸iæZ¡ †`qwb| gwZ gv÷vi MÖvgxY mgv‡Ri GB
cÖPwjZ wek¦v‡mi g~‡j AvNvZ †n‡b‡Qb| Ab¨w`‡K ÔûRyi †KejvÕ M‡í cxi mv‡ne GKRb fÐ I cÖZviK| wZwb
MÖv‡gi mnR-mij gvbyl‡K a‡g©i bvg fvw½‡q †kvlY K‡ib| wKš‘ cÖMwZ †PZbvq wek¦vmx hyeK Gg`v` cxi mv‡n‡ei
Gme AcKg© Avcb †Póvq iæ‡L †`q|
DÏxc‡K gwZ gv÷vi‡K msMÖvg Ki‡Z n‡q‡Q gvby‡li AÜ ag©wek¦v‡mi wec‡ÿ| Avi ÔûRyi †KejvÕ M‡í Gg`v`
cÖwZ‡iva M‡o Zz‡j‡Q kVZv I fÐvwg‡Z c~Y© GKRb cxi mv‡n‡ei weiæ‡×| DÏxc‡Ki gwZ gv÷vi I ÔûRyi †KejvÕ
M‡íi Gg`v` Df‡qB gvbweK g~j¨‡eva I cÖMwZ †PZbvq wek¦vmx AvaywbK gvbyl| ZvB ejv hvq, Av‡jvwKZ mgvR
Mo‡Z n‡j G‡ì g‡Zv gy³wPšÍvi gvby‡li cÖ‡qvRb i‡q‡Q|

ag©xq wek¦vm gvbe Rxeb‡K Mfxifv‡e cÖfvweZ K‡i| †Kbbv ag© gvby‡li AvRb¥ jvwjZ ms¯‹…wZ| GKevi Bmjvg
a‡g©i cÖeZ©K nhiZ gynv¤§` (m.)-Gi GK cy‡Îi g„Zzï w`b mg¯Í AvKvk Kv‡jv †g‡N †X‡K †Mj| mK‡j ejvewj
Ki‡Z jvMj †h, imyj (m.)-Gi cy‡Îi g„Zz¨‡Z cÖK…wZ †kvK cvjb Ki‡Q| wKš‘ †kvKvZ© gynv¤§` (m.) Zv‡ì
ej‡jb,ÒcÖvK…wZK Gme welq gvby‡li ÿgZvi evB‡i|Ó wZwb mKj‡K Kzms¯‹vigy³ nIqvi Rb¨ Dc‡`k w`‡jb|
K. iRe KZw`b Av‡M we‡q K‡iwQj?
L. ÔZzwg gvidZ LuywR‡ZQ|Õ ÑDw³wU e¨vL¨v Kiæb|
M. DÏxc‡Ki welqe¯‘i m‡½ ÔûRyi †KejvÕ M‡íi mv`„k¨ wKsev êmv`„k¨ wbiƒcY Kiæb|
N. ÒûRyi †KejvÕ M‡íi PwiÎ¸‡jvi gvbwmKZv DÏxc‡Ki fvebvi wecixZag©x|Ó ÑgšÍe¨wU we‡kølY Kiæb|

1. L 2. K 3. L 4. K 5. K 6. L 7. K 8. N 9. N 10. K 11. K 12. N
13. K 14. K 15. L 16. L
AR©yb gÐj
ejvBPuv` gy‡Lvcva¨vq
f~wgKv
ejvBPuv` gy‡Lvcva¨v‡qi Ô†kÖôMíÕ (1996) MÖš’ †_‡K ÔAR©yb gÐjÕ MíwU msKwjZ n‡q‡Q| †QvUM‡íi AwšÍ‡g
e¨Äbvgq †gvPo w`‡q Mí Kvwnwb‡K MfxiZi Rxebm‡Z¨ †cuŠ‡Q w`‡Z ejvBPuv` gy‡Lvcva¨vq (ebdzj) Gi †Kv‡bv
Rywo †bB| gvby‡li gb¯ÍZ¡ we‡køl‡Y wZwb wbcyY wkíx| Av‡jvP¨ M‡í eq¯‹ GK e¨w³i we`¨vjv‡fi cÖqvm †hgb
†KŠZzKKi †Zgwb AbymiY‡hvM¨, Ggb fve cÖKvwkZ n‡q‡Q|
mvaviY D‡Ïk¨
ejvBPuv` gy‡Lvcva¨v‡qi ÔAR©yb gÐjÕ MíwU cvV K‡i AvcwbÑ
 †QvUMí wn‡m‡e ÔAR©yb gÐjÕ ÑGi mv_©KZv wePvi Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
 ARy©b gÐ‡ji PwiÎ we‡kølY Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
 wkÿvjv‡fi Rb¨ AR©yb gÐ‡ji AvMÖ‡ni cwiPq w`‡Z cvi‡eb|
cvV-1
cvVwfwËK D‡Ïk¨
 Rwg`v‡ii cvBK-†cqv`vi wbh©vZb m¤ú‡K© eY©bv w`‡Z cvi‡eb|
 AR©yb gÐ‡ji cwiPq w`‡Z cvi‡eb|
 AR©yb gÐ‡ji †jLvcovi AvMÖn m¤ú‡K© eY©bv w`‡Z cvi‡eb|
g~jcvV
GK
Kov bvovi kã D‡V emjvg| kxZKv‡j GZ iv‡Î †K Gj Avevi?
†K?
Avwg, Avwg–KcvU †Lvj|
Lyjjvg| myBP wU‡c eviv›`vi Av‡jvUv R¡vjvjvg| †`wL Le©Kvq GKwU e„× ùvwo‡q Av‡Qb| AvRvbyjw¤^Z MjveÜ
LÏ‡ii †KvU Mv‡q| gv_vq mvg‡bi w`KUv †Kk-weij, †PvL wb®úÖf, fziy‡Z cvK a‡i‡Q, mg¯Í gy‡L ewj‡iLv, mvg‡b
†MvUv `yB ùvZ †bB|
Avgvi wPwV cvIwb wbðq?
bv|
wPZzqv †cv÷ K‡iwb Zv n‡j? kvjv WvKz| wb‡R nv‡Z †cvó Ki‡jB wVK nZ, Zv‡K †ÌqvB fzj n‡qwQj| fzj fzjÑ
G RxebUv fzj Ki‡Z Ki‡ZB KvUj ex‡ibevey|

nVvr AR©ybKvKv‡K wPb‡Z cvijvg Avwg| ÿzä KÉ¯îB wPwb‡q w`j Zuv‡K| eûw`‡bi hewbKv m‡i †Mj †hb|
AR©ybKvKv! nVvr GZ iv‡Î †Kv_v †_‡K?
Zx‡_© hvw”Q| fvejvg, †Zvgvi m‡½ GKevi †`Lv K‡i hvB| kn‡ii wRwbmcÎI wKb‡Z n‡e wKQz| †Zvgv‡K GZ
iv‡Î Nyg fvwO‡q Kó w`jvg †eva nq| Avgvi aviYv wQj, wPwV †c‡qQ Zzwg|
bv, bv, Zvi R‡b¨ Kx n‡q‡QÑ
nqwb wKQz| †Zvgvi Kv‡Q Lei bv w`‡q Avmevi †RviI Avgvi Av‡Q| wKš‘ wPZzqvUvi K_vB fvewQ| GB me
†Qv‡UvLv‡Uv e¨vcvi †_‡KB gvby‡li fwel¨r eySv hvq wKbvÑ
AR©ybKvKv gv‡S gv‡S K_vevZ©v‡ZI ï× wµqvc` eënvi K‡ib| ÔeySvÕ ÔwèÕ wb‡q Av‡M KZ nvmnvwm K‡iwQ
Avgiv|
Wv‡Ki †Mvjgvj n‡q‡Q nqZ|
bv, I K_v gvbe bv Avwg|
AR©ybKvKv eviv›`v †_‡K †b‡g †M‡jb Ges Mvwo †_‡K wb‡RB wb‡Ri wRwbmcÎ bvgv‡Z D`¨Z n‡jb|
Avcwb †Q‡o w`b bv, Mv‡ovqvbB bvgv‡e GLb|
†Kb I‡K †ewk cqmv w`‡Z hve wgQvwgwQ|
ÔwgQvwgwQÕI AR©ybKvKvi we‡klZ¡|
ùvovb, Avgvi PvKiwU‡K WvwK Zv n‡j|
PvKi‡KB ev WvK‡e †Kb? Avgvi Mv‡q †Rvi bvB bvwK?
Aejxjvµ‡g bvwg‡q †dj‡jb me! weQvbv, cÖKvÐ GKUv †Zvi½, †jvnvi DbybI GKUv| Pzw³-gvwdK Mv‡ovqvb‡K
cvB-cqmv wgwU‡q w`‡q Avgvi w`‡K wd‡i ej‡jb, †Kvb& NiUvq ïe?
evB‡ii w`‡K Lvwj Ni wQj GKLvbv| Zv‡Z GKUv †PŠwKI wQj|
†mB‡UB Ly‡j w`jvg| AR©ybKvKv ej‡jb, hvI, Zzwg ï‡q co GBevi| A‡bK ivZ n‡q‡Q| Avwg GB †PŠwKi Dci
wb‡RB weQvbv wewQ‡q wbw”Q| Zzwg hvI|
Avcbvi LvIqv-`vIqv?
iv‡Î Avwg wKQzB LvB bv|
`y-PviLvbv jywP-UzwP †f‡R w`K bv, Kx Avi Ggb ivZ n‡q‡Q?
weQvbv cvZ‡Z cvZ‡Z AR©ybKvKv ej‡jb, †Zvgvi m‡½ wK †jŠwKKZv KiwQ?
Pzc K‡i iBjvg|
nVvr Nvo wdwi‡q ej‡jb, wPZzqv GeviI g¨vwUªK cvm Ki‡Z cv‡iwb, eyS‡j?
I|
wb‡RB fzM‡e kvjv| Avgvi Kx!
Pzc K‡i ùvwo‡q iBjvg|
hvI, Avi ivZ K‡iv bv, ï‡q co|
mwZ¨B wKQz Lv‡eb bv?
†`L, †ewk hw` cxovcxwo Ki, weQvbvcÎ ¸wU‡q wb‡q †÷kb cøvUd‡g© P‡j hve Zvn‡j|
eySjvg, AR©ybKvKv e`jvbwb| Avi wØiyw³ bv K‡i ï‡Z P‡j †Mjvg| ïjvg e‡U, wKš‘ Nyg Gj bv| AR©ybKvKvi
K_vB fve‡Z jvMjvg| AR©ybKvKvi K_v evevi gy‡L LvwbKUv ï‡bwQÑ wb‡RI †`‡LwQ LvwbKUv, Avðh© Rxeb
†jvKUvi! ¯^vaxb †`‡k Rb¥v‡j w`wM¦Rq Ki‡Z cvi‡Zb| G †`‡k wKQz nj bv| Rv‡Z †R‡j| Pwjøk eQi ch©šÍ m¤ú~Y©
wbiÿi wQ‡jb| gv_vq K‡i gv‡Qi Szwo e‡q wb‡q G‡m nv‡U †eP‡Zb| Avgv‡ì evwoi mvg‡b| Avgv‡ì evwoi wVK
mvg‡bB nvU emZ| AR©ybKvKvi m‡½ Avgv‡ì cÖ_g cwiP‡qi `„kÜv GLbI Avgvi g‡b Av‡Q|
nv‡U cÖPÐ GKUv †Mvjgvj DVj GKw`b| wPrKvi †PuPv‡gwP Kjie| AvZ©bv‡` mg¯Í RbZv ÿzä n‡q DVj †hb|
GKUv RvqMvq wfoUv RgvU †eu‡a †Mj| g‡b n‡Z jvMj, Zvi †K‡›`ª fqven Kx †hb GKUv n‡”Q| nVvr wfo †V‡j
AR©ybKvKv †ewi‡q G‡jb| Zuvi eM‡j GKUv iyBgvQ| evev nvmcvZv‡ji eviv›`vq e‡m KvR KiwQ‡jb| AR©ybKvKv
Qz‡U G‡m gvQUv òvg K‡i mvg‡b †d‡j evevi cv `y‡Uv Rwo‡q ai‡jb|
Avgvq euvPvb Avcwb Wv³vievey, kvjviv Avgvi me †K‡o wb‡”Q|
evev kke¨¯Í n‡q DV‡jb| Kx †K‡o wb‡”Q? Kviv?
Rwg`v‡ii wmcvnxiv| gvQ †K‡o wb‡”Q Avgvi| †ivRB †bq wKQz wKQz| AvR GB eo iyBUv wb‡Z hvw”Qj| †è bv
ejjvg †Zv gvi‡j GK Po| Avwg Nywi‡q GK Po †g‡iwQ kvjv‡K|
MyiyZi e¨vcvi| cÖej cÖZvcvwš^Z Rwg`v‡ii weiy‡× mvgvb¨ †R‡ji GB we‡`ªvn †n‡m Dwo‡q †èvi g‡Zv Zz”Q NUbv
bq| evev GKUz weeªZ n‡jb| mvgvb¨ Aeva¨Zvi Rb¨ GB Rwg`vi GKRb Mwie cÖRvi Ni R¡vwj‡q w`‡q‡Qb wKQzw`b
Av‡M|
Av”Qv, Zzwg Pzc K‡i em GBLv‡b|
evevi cv †Q‡o AR©ybKvKv GK †Kv‡Y em‡jb wM‡q| wmcvnx `yRbI Gj cÖvq m‡½ m‡½B|
evev wR‡Ám Ki‡jb, Gi gvQ †K‡o wbw”Q‡j †Kb †Zvgiv?
G‡UB †Zv †iIqvR n¨vq ûRyi! gvwnbv‡g GK‡Vv eov gQwj †Zv Dcm‡Kv †`bvB Pvwj‡q!
†bwn †`‡MvÑ †KvY †_‡K MR©b K‡i DV‡jb AR©ybKvKv|
wmcvnx‡ì Pÿz AwMœel©Y Ki‡Z jvMj|
Wv³vi e‡j evev‡K BZi f`ª mK‡jB LvwZi KiZ| ZvB wmcvnxiv AvZ¥m¤îY K‡i ùvwo‡q iBj|
evev wmcvnx‡ì ej‡jb, Av”Qv, †Zvgiv hvI| †Zvgv‡ì gvwjK‡K hv ejevi Avwg eje| I‡K †Zvgiv wKQz e‡jv bv
GLb|
wmcvnxiv P‡j †Mj|
Rwg`viI evev‡K Lye LvwZi Ki‡Zb| AR©ybKvKvi wKQz nj bv| evevi LvwZ‡i Rwg`vi Zvi gvQ †bIqvB gvc K‡i
w`‡jb| AwZkq mvgvb¨ e¨vcvi| Rwg`viiv gvbxi gvb ivLvi R‡b¨ nv‡gkvB G iKg K‡i _v‡Kb| AR©ybKvKvi wKš‘
ZvK †j‡M †Mj| AZ eo `ya©l© iveY wgwki wjKwj‡K †ivMv GB Wv³vieveywUi Kv‡Q G‡Kev‡i †Ku‡Pv| Dt we`¨vi Kx
cÖZvc! Kx n‡e cqmvq, Kx n‡e Rwg`vwi‡Z, we`¨vB Avmj wRwbm, ewk‡ôi Z‡cvej †`‡L wek¦vwg‡Îi †h Ae¯’v
n‡qwQj AR©ybKvKvi A‡bKUv ZvB nj|
D³ NUbvi w`b mv‡ZK c‡i AR©ybKvKv GKw`b G‡m GKUz KuvPvgvPz n‡q evev‡K ej‡jb Avgvi GKUv AviwR Av‡Q
Wv³vievey|
Kx ej?
Avwg wKQz wjLvcov Ki‡Z PvB| Avcwb Avgv‡K mvnvh¨ Kiyb|
GBevi evevi ZvK jvMj|
Zzwg †jLvcov Ki‡e! †Zvgvi msmvi †`L‡e †K?

Avgvi ¯¿x| Avgvi Rwg-Rgv wKQz Av‡Q, Avgvi ¯¿x avb Kz‡U, QvZz wc‡lÑ P‡j hv‡e †Kv‡bv iK‡g| AvwgI †ivRMvi
Kie wKš‘|
KwU †Q‡jwc‡j †Zvgvi?
mvZwU †g‡q, †Q‡j bvB|
evevi nvwm wbw”Qj, wKš‘ AR©ybKvKvi †Pv‡L R¡jšÍ AvMÖn †`‡L nvm¨ mseiY Ki‡Z n‡j Zuv‡K|
cov‡kvbv Ki‡e, †m †Zv fv‡jv K_vB| wKš‘ Ki‡e Kx K‡i? ¯‹z‡j †Zv Avi †b‡e bv †ZvgvqÑ
†b‡e bv?
G eq‡m wK Avi ¯‹z‡j †bq!
Zey Avwg coe| Avcwb hw` GKUy `qv K‡ib, Zvn‡j nq|
Kx Kie ej?
Avcbvi Pi‡Y hw` AvkÖq †`b GKUz| Avcbvi nvZvq Avwg †QvU Kzu‡o †eu‡a _vKe, Avi Avcbvi †Q‡j‡ì Kv‡QB
coe, Zv‡ì cyi‡bv eB-UB wb‡qÑ
evev GKUv Pzc K‡i iB‡jb| AR©ybKvKvi AvMÖn †`‡L Zuv‡K wZwb wbi¯Í Ki‡Z cvi‡jb bv, A_P G-iKg GKUv
Am¤¢e cÖ¯Ív‡e mvq w`‡ZI †Kgb †hb jvMwQj Zuvi|
GKUz Pzc K‡i †_‡K wØavf‡i †k‡l ej‡jb, †ek, cvi †Zv Avgvi AvcwË Kx!
Zvi ciw`b euvk Lo `wo KvUvwi kvej †Kv`vj wb‡q AR©ybKvKv G‡m co‡jb, †`L‡Z †`L‡Z †QvU Kzu‡oNiwU evwb‡q
†dj‡jb| Avgiv Lye DrmvwnZ n‡q DVjvg Avi †mB w`b †_‡K wZwb n‡jb Avgv‡ì AR©ybKvKv| Avgv‡ì †h
gv÷vigkvB cov‡Zb, wZwbB AR©ybKvKvi AÿicwiPq Kwi‡q nv‡ZLwo w`‡q w`‡jb| Avgv‡ìB cÖ_g fvM Ges
dv÷©eyK wb‡q Zuvi cov kyiy n‡q †Mj| wKš‘ †`L‡Z †`L‡Z Avgv‡ì Qvwo‡q †M‡jb wZwb|
AR©ybKvKv Lye †fv‡i DV‡ZbÑ GZ †fv‡i †h, Avgiv †UiB †cZvg bv| Avgiv D‡V †`LZvg, wZwb Kv‡R †ewi‡q
†M‡Qb| gRy‡ii KvR K‡i †eov‡Zb w`‡bi †ejvq| hv †c‡Zb ¯¿x‡K w`‡q Avm‡Zb| wdi‡Zb we‡K‡j| we‡K‡j
G‡mB wZwb LvIqv-`vIqv Ki‡Zb| cÖvqB iuva‡Zb bv| `B wPu‡o Kjv wcÖq Lv`¨ wQj Zuvi, QvZz †L‡Zb KLbI
KLbI| †L‡q D‡VB nv‡Zi †jLv wjL‡Zb w`‡bi Av‡jv _vK‡Z _vK‡Z| mÜ¨v n‡j cÖ`xc †R¡‡j co‡Z em‡Zb|
†iwoi †Z‡ji †ek eo GKUv cÖ`xc wQj Zuvi| †fv‡i Kv‡R †e‡ivevi Av‡M wZwb †h covUv co‡Zb, Zv Avgiv
†`L‡Z †cZvg bv| wKš‘ mÜ¨v‡ejv †hfv‡e co‡Zb, Zvi †_‡K Zv Av›`vR K‡i †bIqv Am¤¢e wQj bv| wkiùvov
GKUz †euK‡Z †`wLwb| †Uwej †Pqvi wQj bv, Avgv‡ì g‡Zv PvcUvwj †L‡qI em‡Z cvi‡Zb bv wZwb, Dey n‡q
em‡Zb| mvg‡b _vKZ GKUv †K‡ivwmb Kv‡Vi ev·, Zvi Dci Le‡ii KvMR cvZv| Zv‡ZB GKwU †QvU B‡Ui Dci
wZwb cÖ`xcwU ivL‡Zb| †mB †K‡ivwmb Kv‡Vi ev·wU GKav‡i wQj Zuvi †Uwej Ges †kjd&| wb‡Pi duvKUvq Zuvi eB
LvZv †`vqvZ Kjg _vKZ| Kx my›ìfv‡e †h ¸wQ‡q ivL‡Zb †m¸wj‡K! Lv‡Mi KjgwU; †cwÝjwU wbLyuZfv‡e KvUv|
Avgvi †cwÝj-KjgI wZwbB †e‡o w`‡Zb| wcZ‡ji †`vqvZwU SKSK KiZ| cÖ‡Z¨K eB‡q Kx my›ì gjvU w`‡Zb|
wKQzÿY coevi ciB wKš‘ Nyg †c‡Z Zuvi| wKš‘ Ny‡gi Kv‡Q AvZ¥mgc©Y Kievi †jvK AR©ybKvKv bb| D‡V Pv
Ki‡Zb Nyu‡Ui Dbyb †R¡‡j| Nyu‡Ui †auvqvq ïay Nyg bq, gkvI cvjvZ| GK NvwU Pv †L‡Zb wZwbÑ GK-Ava Kvc bq|
iv‡Î Avi wKQz †L‡Zb bv| Pv †L‡q Avevi kyiy Ki‡Zb cov| wKQzÿY c‡i Avevi Xzj aiZ| †Pv‡L mi‡li †Zj
w`‡Zb| gv_vi Pzj a‡i Uvb‡Zb| Vvm Vvm K‡i wb‡Ri Mv‡j PoI gvi‡Zb KLbI KLbI| Avgiv nvmZvg| KviY
AR©ybKvKvi mvabvi wVK ¯îƒcwU †evSevi g‡Zv eqm nqwb Avgv‡ì ZLbI| GLb eyS‡Z cvwi, cyivKv‡j wkÿv_x©
†hgb ¸iy-M„‡n evm K‡i Aa¨qb KiZ, AR©ybKvKvI †Zgwb Avgv‡ì evwo‡Z †_‡K co‡Zb| AR©ybKvKvi ¸iy¯’vbxq
nevi g‡Zv †jvK Aek¨ †KD wQj bv, wZwb wb‡RB wb‡Ri ¸iy wQ‡jb, wKš‘ Zuvi g‡bvfve wQj †mKv‡ji we`¨v_x©‡ì
g‡Zv| I-iKg wbôv Avi †Kv_vI †`wLwb| gv‡S gv‡S `yB-GK w`‡bi Rb¨ evwo †h‡Zb Aek¨, wKš‘ Zv `yB-GK
w`‡bi Rb¨B| gv‡mi AwaKvsk w`bB cov‡kvbv Ki‡Zb Zuvi Kzu‡oN‡i e‡m| GBfv‡e c‡o eQi †`‡o‡Ki g‡a¨
evsjvq ÔmxZvi ebevmÕ Ges Bs‡iwR‡Z Ôi‡qj ixWvi b¤î †dviÕ ch©šÍ c‡o †dj‡jb wZwb, AviI wkL‡jb wKQz
wKQz| †hvM, we‡qvM, ¸Y, fvM, ˆÎivwkK †ek Kl‡Z cvi‡Zb| Zuvi Drmvn †`‡L ¯‹z‡ji gv÷vi cwÐZ mevB mvnvh¨
Ki‡Zb Zuv‡K| AR©ybKvKv webvg~‡j¨ KviI mvnvh¨ †bevi †jvK bb| bvbvfv‡e cÖwZ`vbI w`‡Zb wZwb| `BUv gvQUv
KjvUv g~‡jvUv †Zv w`‡ZbB, †mevI Ki‡Zb| KviI cv wU‡c w`‡Zb, KviI Kvco †K‡P w`‡Zb, KviI evRvi K‡i
w`‡Zb, wKQz‡ZB AvcwË wQj bv Zuvi|

AvRvbyjw¤^ZÑ Rvby ev nuvUz ch©šÍ j¤^v ev `xN©| AviwRÑ cÖv_©bv, Aby‡iva| KjieÑ †Kvjvnj, MÐ‡Mvj, wPrKvi|
LÏiÑ †gvUv Kvco| Le©KvqÑ ÿz`ª †`n, †eu‡U, evgb| Mv‡ovqvbÑ hvbPvjK, MvwoPvjK| †Zvi½Ñ ev·, Uª¨v¼,
†cuUiv| ˆÎivwkKÑ wZbwU ivwki ci¯úi m¤^ÜNwUZ A¼cÖYvwj| wØiæw³Ñ `yB evi ejv ev D‡jøL Kiv| wb®úÖfÑ
wb‡¯ÍR, `xwßnxb| ewj‡iLvÑ gvs‡mi ev P‡g©i KzÄRvZ †iLv| ewkóÑ cÖvPxb fvi‡Zi GKRb Fwl| wek¦vwgÎÑ Fwl,
eªþvi gvbmcyÎ| hewbKvÑ c`©v| †iwoi †ZjÑ †f‡iÐv-exR †_‡K cÖ¯‘Z †Zj| kke¨¯ÍÑ Li‡Mv‡ki g‡Zv AZ¨šÍ
Z¡ivhy³ ev e¨¯Ímg¯Í| nv‡gkvÑ cÖvqB, me©`v|
mvims‡ÿc :
we¯§qKi Pwi‡Îi gvbyl AR©yb gÐj| Rwg`v‡ii †cqv`v‡ì nvZ †_‡K euvPvi Rb¨ AR©yb gÐj K_‡Ki wcZvi Kv‡Q
mvnvh¨ cÖv_©bv K‡i| Zvici GKmgq wZwb K_‡Ki wcZvi Kv‡Q AvkÖq †bb I wkÿvjv‡fi AbygwZ cÖv_©bv K‡ib|
Ae‡k‡l AR©yb gÐj K_‡Ki evwo‡Z AvkÖq wb‡jb Ges cvVvf¨vm Avi¤¢ Ki‡jb| AwZ Aí mg‡qi g‡a¨B AR©yb
gÐj cov‡jLvq †ek DbœwZ Ki‡jb|

1. AR©ybKvKv KZ ermi eq‡m cov‡kvbv ïiæ K‡ib?
K. Pwjøk L. cuqZvwjøk
M. cÂvk N. lvU
2. evev AR©ybKvKv‡K cov‡kvbvq mvnvh¨ K‡i‡QbÑ
K. R¡jšÍ AvMÖn †`‡L L. Rwg`v‡ii LvwZ‡i
M. A‡_©vcvR©b Ki‡Z N. w`wM¦Rq Ki‡Z
Kwi‡gi wb‡Ri cyKzi †bB| †m MÖv‡gi †gvo‡ji cyKzi BRviv wb‡q gvQ Pvl K‡i| wKš‘ †gvoj cÖvqB Kwi‡gi wbKU
†_‡K BRvivi †P‡q AwZwi³ A_© Av`vq K‡i| KL‡bv KL‡bv †gvoj Zvi jvwVqvj evwnbx w`‡q cyKzi †_‡K gvQ Zz‡j
wb‡q hvq|
3. DÏxc‡Ki Kwig ÔAR©yb gÐjÕ M‡í Kv‡K cÖwZwbwaZ¡ K‡i?
K. AR©yb gÐj L. wmwfj mvR©b
M. Rwg`vi N. wPËiÄb
4. DÏxcK Ges ÔAR©yb gÐjÕ M‡í †Kvb êwkó¨ cÖKvk †c‡q‡Q?
K. gh©v`vnxbZv L. mnbkxjZv
M. †kvl‡Yi wPÎ N. ïwPZv

cvV-2
cvVwfwËK D‡Ïk¨
 AR©yb gÐ‡ji KwZcq PwiÎ‰ewkó¨ e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
 AR©by gÐ‡ji Bs‡iwR Ávb m¤ú‡K© Av‡jvPbv Dc¯’vcb Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
 we`¨vR©‡b AR©yb gÐ‡ji AvMÖn Ges mdjZv eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
g~jcvV
GBfv‡eB nqZ AviI wKQzw`b PjZ, wKš‘ nVvr GKw`b GK AcÖZ¨vwkZ NUbv N‡U me IjUcvjU n‡q
†Mj| nvmcvZvj cwi`k©b Ki‡Z GK mv‡ne wmwfj mvR©b G‡jb GKw`b| mKv‡j †÷k‡bi Kzwj Zuvi
wRwbmcÎ e‡q G‡bwQj, wKš‘ m‡Ü‡ejv †dievi mgq wRwbm eBevi †jvK †c‡jb bv mv‡ne| nvmcvZv‡ji PvKiUv
Amy¯’, Avgv‡ì PvKiI evwo wM‡qwQj| Kv‡Q Kzwj-RvZxq KvD‡K bv †c‡q mv‡ne (Ges evevI) wecbœ †eva
KiwQ‡jb| †÷kb †ek GKUz `~‡i, mv‡n‡ei gvjI †bnv‡Z nvjKv bq| AR©ybKvKv wb‡Ri Kzu‡oN‡ii `vIqvq e‡m
`wo cvKvw”Q‡jb| Aemi mg‡q wZwb e‡m e‡m `wo cvKv‡Zb Ges cÖwZ nv‡U Zv wewµ Ki‡Zb| evev wM‡q Zuv‡K
ej‡ZB wZwb mv‡n‡ei wRwbm e‡q wb‡q †h‡Z ZrÿYvr ivwR n‡q †M‡jb| ïay ZvB bv, GwM‡q G‡m mv‡ne‡K †mjvg
K‡i ej‡jb- Yes sir, I shall carry your things most gladly| AR©ybKvKvi gy‡L mv‡ne Bs‡iwR ïb‡eb cÖZ¨vkv
K‡ibwb, ï‡b AevK n‡q †M‡jb| evevi gy‡L AR©ybKvKvi BwZnvm Ges Aaëmv‡qi Mí ï‡b AviI gy» n‡jb|
†÷k‡b gvjcÎ bvgv‡ZB mv‡ne Zuv‡K GKwU UvKv w`‡Z †M‡jb| AR©ybKvKv cybivq †mjvg K‡i ej‡jb-Thank you
sir, I am a labourer, on doubt, but I shall not accept anything from you.
wew¯§Z mv‡ne cÖkœ Ki‡jb, Why?
You are our Doctor Babu’s honoured guest.
mv‡ne AZ¨šÍ Lywk n‡q †M‡jb| AR©ybKvKv wRwbmcÎ bvwg‡q P‡j hvevi ci mv‡ne evev‡K ej‡jb, I hw` Pvq,
Avcwb I‡K A¨v‡cÖw›Um †Wªmvi wn‡m‡e fwZ© K‡i wbb| wKQzw`b c‡i cixÿv w`‡q cvKv †Wªmvi †nvK| Zvici I‡K
Avwg K¤úvDÛvwi coevi R‡bÏ ¯‹jviwkc †hvMvo K‡i †è|
LeiUv ï‡b AR©ybKvKv AevK n‡q †M‡jb, GKUz `‡gI †M‡jb| GKvMÖwP‡Ë wZwb †h c‡_ m‡e‡M P‡jwQ‡jb, nVvr
evav †c‡q Ges †m evav `yiwZµg¨ Abyfe K‡i (¯^qs Wv³vievey hLb Zv‡K †Wªmvi n‡Z e‡j‡Qb ZLb Zv `yiwZµg¨
Qvov Avi Kx!) AR©ybKvKvi Ggb A™¢yZ GKUv fvevšÍi nj hv cÖvq AeY©bxq| nZvkv, †R`, eva¨Zv, AvZ¥mgc©Y,
†ÿvf Ges GB meUvi Rb¨ `vqx †h A`„k¨ kw³, Zvi weiy‡× Av‡µvkÑ mg¯ÍUv mg‡eZfv‡e dz‡V DVj Zuvi †Pv‡L
gy‡L|
BZtc~‡e© Zuvi gy‡Li G iKg fvevšÍi AviI K‡qKevi jÿ K‡iwQjvg Avwg; AR©ybKvKv Avgv‡ì Kv‡Q AZ¨šÍ
†KŠZ~n‡jvÏxcK e¨w³ wQ‡jb| wZwb hLb Zuvi N‡i GKv _vK‡Zb, Avwg gv‡S gv‡S dz‡Uv w`‡q (Zuvi ìgvi Suv‡c
AmsL¨ dz‡Uv wQj) Zuv‡K jÿ KiZvg| Zuvi gy‡L G-iKg fvevšÍi n‡Z A‡bKevi †`‡LwQ| Gi †P‡qI †ewk Aw¯’i
n‡ZI †`‡LwQ| nVvr Zuvi †PvLgyL †Kgb †hb n‡q †hZ, D‡V Aw¯’ifv‡e cvqPvwi Ki‡Zb, g‡b nZ, wReUv †hb
wPeŸy‡”QvÑbvKUv Lye †Rv‡i KzuP‡K Lye Nb Nb wPey‡Zb g‡b nZ| †QvU GKUv nvZAvqbv wQj Zuvi| Pv‡j †MuvRv _vKZ
†mUv| cvqPvwi Ki‡Z Ki‡Z nVvr †mB‡U †c‡o åƒKzwU mnKv‡i wb‡Ri cÖwZ”Qwei w`‡KB †P‡q _vK‡Zb LvwbKÿY|
AZxZ Rxe‡b †h me `yiwZµg¨ evav wZwb AwZµg Ki‡Z cv‡ibwb, Ab¨vqfv‡e wbqwZi Kv‡Q hZevi civf~Z
n‡q‡Qb, Zvi mg¯Í cyÄxf~Z Møvwb Zuv‡K gv‡S gv‡S cvMj K‡i ZzjZ †eva nq| Avqbvi w`‡K †P‡q wb‡RB wb‡R‡K
f¨vOPv‡Zb| nqZ K_wÂr kw³ †c‡Zb Zv‡Z|
evevi K_v ï‡b ej‡jb, Kvj †_‡K Nv †avqve! †m Kx| wZb-wZbLvbv wWK&kbvwi Avb‡Z w`‡qwQ AvwgÑ
AZ wWK&kbvwi Kx n‡e?
gyL¯’ Kie|
gyL¯’ Ki‡e? Kx n‡e wWK&kbvwi gyL¯’ K‡i? Zv Qvov AZ c‡oB ev †Zvgvi jvf Kx, cixÿv †Zv †Zvgvi w`‡Z †`‡e
bv|
†`‡e bv? †Kb?
GB wbqg| cÖvB‡fU&wj †g‡qiv cixÿv w`‡Z cv‡i| Avi cv‡i wkÿKivÑ ZvI wZb eQi PvKwi Kivi ci| AR©ybKvKv
ej‡jb, ï‡bwQ nvB ¯‹z‡j †U÷ cixÿv w`‡q g¨vwUªK †Ìqv hvq|
Zv hvq e‡U| wKš‘ Zvi ci Avi cvi‡e bv, K‡j‡R fwZ© n‡Z n‡e| AvB. G. cvm Ki‡Z ey‡ov n‡q hv‡e| Zv‡Z
jvfUv n‡e Kx? Zvi †P‡q G‡ZB †j‡M co| K¤úvDÛvi n‡Z cvi hw` KvR n‡e GKUv|
AR©ybKvKv Pzc K‡i iB‡jb|
ciw`b †_‡KB A¨v‡cÖw›Um †Wªmv‡ii c‡` envj n‡q †M‡jb wZwb| †Wªmvi Kwig wgqvi Kv‡Q cÖ_g cvV wb‡jb e¨v‡ÛR
cvKv‡Z nq Kx K‡i| Kwig wgqvi Lye mywe‡a nj| Qv‡cvlv †jvK wZwb| gyiwM, QvMj, †MvUv `yB wewe Ges †MvUv
ev‡iv †Q‡j‡g‡q wb‡q GZ e¨wZe¨¯Í _vK‡Z nZ Zuv‡K †h, nvmcvZv‡j Kv‡R gb †èvi Aemi †c‡Zb bv wZwb|
evevi Kv‡Q cÖvqB eKzwb †L‡Zb| AR©ybKvKv‡K kvM‡i` †c‡q †eu‡P †M‡jb wZwb| AR©ybKvKvB mg¯Í KvR Ki‡Z
jvM‡jb| m~‡h©v`‡qi c~‡e© e¨v‡ÛR cvKv‡bv, Qzwi KuvwP cwi®‹vi, LvZvq iyj Uvbv, †Uwej SvovÑ mg¯Í n‡q †hZ|
nvmcvZv‡ji PvKiUvi Avm‡Z †`wi n‡j Zvi KvRI K‡i w`‡Zb| K¤úvDÛvi nvivabeveyI cÖvK&wUm Kievi mgq
†c‡jb| ÷K wgKðvi, ÷K gjg AR©ybKvKvB Ki‡Z wk‡L †M‡jb Aí wKQzw`‡bi c‡i| mvwR©K¨vj hš¿cvwZ wbqwgZ
cwi®‹vi Ki‡Zb, †j‡ej gqjv n‡q †M‡j cwi®‹vi Aÿ‡i wjL‡Zb †m¸wj| Ggb wK evevi n‡q wiUvb©I K‡i w`‡Zb
cÖZ¨n| AR©ybKvKv nvmcvZv‡ji Acwinvh© A½ n‡q DV‡jb †`L‡Z †`L‡Z| nvmcvZv‡ji †PnvivB e`‡j †Mj|
AR©ybKvKvi ˆ`bw›`b Kvh©µgI e`‡j †Mj Aek¨ LvwbKUv| gRywi LvUevi R‡b¨ Avi †eiy‡Zb bv| A¨v‡cÖw›Um †Wªmvi
wn‡m‡e wmwfj mvR©b †h †eZb gÄyi K‡iwQ‡jb, hwÌ Zv mvgvb¨B, wKš‘ Zv‡ZB mš‘ó _vK‡Zb wZwb| †jLvcov eÜ
K‡ibwb, eis evwo‡qwQ‡jb| evsjvq emygZx ms¯‹i‡Yi ew¼gP›`ª †_‡K kyiy K‡i A‡bK MÖš’vewjB wK‡b c‡owQ‡jb
wZwb| Bs‡iwR‡Z iwebmb µz‡mv, M¨vwjfvm© Uªvfjm&, wcjwMÖgm& cÖ‡MÖm RvZxq eB wK‡b †kl Ki‡Z jvM‡jb GKUvi
ci GKUv| wWK&kbvwi gyL¯’ Kievi D`¨gUv wb‡qvwRZ Ki‡Z nj †WªmvwiwelqK Ávb Avni‡Y| †Kvm© wQj Aek¨
†QvU GKLvbv PwU eB| wKš‘ IBUzKz‡ZB mš‘ó _vKevi †jvK AR©ybKvKv bb| wZwb †mB eBUv AvMv‡Mvov gyL¯’ †Zv
Ki‡jbB, †m wel‡q AviI †h me eB evRv‡i wQj ZvI Avwb‡q c‡o †dj‡jb G‡K G‡K| G‡Z wKš‘ dj †kl ch©šÍ
fv‡jv nj bv| KviY mv‡ne e`wj n‡q wM‡qwQ‡jb| Zuvi RvqMvq G‡mwQ‡jb Ab¨ GKRb †jvK|
wZwb GZeo GKRb w`M&MR‡K cixÿv_x©iƒ‡c cv‡eb Avkv K‡ibwb| †Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv wel‡q AR©ybKvKvi Ávb Zuvi
†P‡qI †ewkÑ GUv ei`v¯Í Kiv k³ nj Zuvi c‡ÿ| wZwb mnR mij DËi cÖ Z¨vk¨v K‡iwQ‡jb| wKš‘ AR©ybKvKv
A‡bK eB c‡o‡Qb, GKB cÖ‡kœi bvbv wewPÎ DËi Rvbv wQj Zuvi| cÖ‡Z¨K e¨v‡Û‡Ri D™¢e, Dc‡hvwMZv, BwZnvm,
myweav, Amyweav Zbœ Zbœ K‡i c‡owQ‡jb wZwb| eo †ewk K_v ej‡Q †`‡L cixÿK agK w`‡jb| AR©ybKvKv ag‡K
wbi¯Í nevi †jvK bb| ivZ †R‡M A‡bK eB c‡o‡Qb, mgv‡b ZK© Ki‡Z jvM‡jb| cixÿ‡Ki m‡½ ZK© Kiv Wv³vwi
jvB‡b †kÖôZg Aciva| †dj n‡q †M‡jb wZwb| †dj n‡q AR©ybKvKv †hw`b wd‡i G‡jb, †mw`bI IBiKg gyLfve
†`‡LwQjvg Zuvi| nZvk †R` †ÿvf Ges mg¯ÍUvi Rb¨ `vqx †h `yiwZµg¨ wbqwZ Zuvi Av‡µvkÑ GB me¸‡jv
GKm‡½ †hb dz‡U D‡V‡Q Zuvi gyLfv‡e, †Pv‡Li `„wó‡Z| mg¯Í w`b Ni †_‡K †eiy‡jb bv| gv‡S gv‡S mg¯Í gyL
åƒKzwUKzwUj n‡q D‡V‡Q, Pv‡j †MuvRv AvqbvUv †c‡o AwZ KzrwmZfv‡e f¨vOPv‡”Q wb‡R‡K| Aek¨ IB GKw`b gvÎ|
ciw`b †_‡KB Avevi Kv‡R †j‡M †M‡jb c~Y© D`¨‡g| †hb wKQzB nqwb|

c‡ii evi cvm Ki‡jb| K¤úvDÛvwi coevi R‡b¨ ¯‹jviwkcI †c‡jb| wKš‘ GKUv gykwKj nj| K¤úvDÛvwi
coevi R‡b¨ KUK †h‡Z n‡e| cwievi †i‡L hv‡eb Kvi Kv‡Q? w`b K‡q‡Ki QzwU wb‡jb| QzwUi ci wd‡i G‡m wKš‘
wZwb †h Lei w`‡jb Zv Afvebxq|
cv‡ki MÖv‡gB AR©ybKvKvi ¯^RvwZ ewa©òz M„n¯’ wQj GK Ni| †ek fv‡jv Ae¯’v, †QvULv‡Uv Rwg`vwi Av‡Q|
Zuvi mvZ †Q‡j| wZwb bvwK Zuvi mvZ †Q‡ji m‡½ AR©ybKvKvi mvZ †g‡qi we‡q w`‡Z Pvb| nvmcvZv‡j PvKwi
nIqv‡Z Ges Avgv‡ì m¤ú‡K© Avmv‡Z AR©ybKvKvi GKUv L¨vwZ i‡U wM‡qwQj wb‡R‡ì mgv‡R| G cÖ¯Ív‡e
Avbw›`Z nIqvi K_v, wKš‘ AR©ybKvKv G‡Z wecbœ †eva Ki‡jb|
G GK gnv Avdr nj!
AR©ybKvKv ÔAvc`Õ †K ÔAvdrÕ ej‡Zb|
evev ej‡Zb, Avgvi †Zv g‡b n‡”Q fv‡jvB nj| †g‡q‡ì we‡q w`‡q wbwðšÍ n‡q co‡Z P‡j hvI Zzwg| †g‡qiv
†Zvgvi my‡L _vK‡e| Iiv eo‡jvKÑ
eo‡jvK e‡jB Avgvi AvcwË| eo‡jvK gv‡bB cvwR, e`gvm, †Pvi, j¤úU, jy”PvÑ
nVvr D‡ËwRZ n‡q DV‡jb AR©ybKvKv|
Avcwb †Zv me Rv‡bb Wv³vievey, GB Rwg`vi kvjvivB †`k‡K Pz‡l †L‡q †djj| Avgvi Kx n‡qwQjÑ Avcwb †Zv
meB R‡bb, Avcwb bv _vK‡j Avgv‡K KuvPvB †L‡q †djZ kvjviv|
mevB Lvivc bq| Giv †jvK fv‡jv|
Avcwb ej‡Qb?
AR©ybKvKvi gyLfve Avevi †mBiKg n‡q DV‡Z jvMj µgk| eo‡jvK‡ì m‡½ KzUzw¤^Zv Kievi B‡”Q †bB Zuvi wKš‘
evev hLb G‡Z gZ w`‡”Qb ZLb Zv Agvb¨ Kievi mvaÏ †bB| `yj©ON¨ wbqwZ|
evev ej‡jb †Zvgvi †g‡q‡ì hw` we‡q bv `vI, Zv n‡j Kvi Kv‡Q †i‡L hv‡e I‡ì? gvmLv‡b‡Ki g‡a¨B †Zv KUK
†h‡Z n‡e †Zvgv‡K|
Zvi R‡b¨ Avevi fvebv wQj bv, Avgvi GK LyoZz‡Zv fv‡qi Kv‡Q †i‡L hve †f‡ewQjvg| Zv‡K Avbevi R‡b¨B
Kmevq wM‡qwQjvg QzwU wb‡q|
†Zvgvi hv Lywk Ki‡Z cvi| wKš‘ Avgvi g‡b nq, †g‡q‡ì we‡q w`‡q hvIqvB fv‡jv|Ñ GB e‡j evev D‡V †M‡jb|
AR©ybKvKv Pzc K‡i e‡m iB‡jb| µgk Zuvi bvmviÜ« weùvwiZ n‡Z jvMj| †PvL `y‡Uv wb®újK n‡q iBj
LvwbKÿY| Zvici cjK †d‡j wReUv wPey‡Z ïiy Ki‡jb wZwb|
we‡qi w`bI GK KvÐ NUj| AR©ybKvKv Zvi Rwg`vi †eqvB‡K Rvwb‡qwQ‡jb †h, wZwb Mwie gvbyl, †ewk eqhvÎxi
nv½vgv ei`v¯Í Kievi kw³ †bB Zuvi, Kzwo R‡bi †ewk eihvÎx †hb Avbv bv nq| we‡qi w`b †`Lv †Mj, cÂvkUv
†Xvj, KzwoUv ivgwk‡O, c‡biUv Kuvwm Ges `kUv mvbvB mgwfeënv‡i GK weivU RbZv PZzw`©K mPwKZ K‡i
AR©ybKvKvi evwoi w`‡K AMÖmi n‡”Q| AR©ybKvKv †mvRv _vbvq P‡j †M‡jb| `v‡ivMv‡K wM‡q ej‡jb, Avgvi
evwo‡Z WvKvZ c‡o‡Q, euvPvb Avgv‡K| `v‡ivMv mv‡ne †Nvov QzwU‡q mwZ¨B wM‡q nvwRi n‡qwQ‡jb AKz¯’‡j|
e¨vcviUv Aek¨ cwinv‡mB ch©ewmZ nj †kl ch©šÍ| AR©ybKvKvi †eqvB ïay †jvKRbB Av‡bbwb, Zv‡ì emevi,
†kvevi, Lvevi mg¯Í Av‡qvRbB m‡½ K‡i G‡bwQ‡jb| AR©ybKvKvi evwoi mvg‡bi gv‡V Zuvi cÖKvÐ Zuvey c‡owQj|
AR©ybKvKv wKšÍy G‡Z Lywk n‡jb bv| AcgvwbZ †eva Ki‡jb| abx-n‡¯Íi GB Awfbe A‡¯¿ AvnZ n‡q Pzc K‡i
iB‡jb| KviY G wb‡q ev`-cÖwZev` P‡j bv| ¸g n‡q e‡m iB‡jb †Kej| nqZ wbR©‡b gyL-fw½ K‡i wb‡RB
wb‡R‡K †fO‡PwQ‡jb, wKš‘ †m Lei Avgiv Rvwb bv|
†g‡q‡ì we‡q n‡j †Mj| AR©ybKvKv wb‡Ri ¯¿x‡K ev‡ci evwo cvwV‡q w`‡q KUK P‡j †M‡jb|
AKz¯’‡jÑ †hLv‡b NUbv N‡U‡Q Ggb ¯’v‡b| AaëmvqÑ µgvMZ †Póv, Aweivg mvabv| AcÖZ¨vwkZÑ Afvebxq,
AvKw¯§K, Avkv Kiv hvqwb Ggb| AvdrÑ Avc`, wec`, Sv‡gjv| A¨v‡cÖw›UmÑ wkÿvbwek, wkÿv MÖnY Kiv Ae¯’v|
M¨vwjfvm© UªvfjmÑ †Rvbv_vb myBd‡Ui (1667-1745) weL¨vZ MÖš’, MÖš’wU cÖ_g cÖKvwkZ nq 1726 mv‡j|
wWKkbvwiÑ Awfavb, kã‡Kvl| †WªmviÑ m¾vKvi, iƒcKvi, cwi®‹viK| wb®újKÑ cjKnxb| `yj©•N¨Ñ hv j•Nb Kiv
hvq bv| wcjwMÖgm cÖ‡MÖmÑ Rb †ewbqv‡bi (1628-1688) weL¨vZ MÖš’, MÖš’wU cÖ_g cÖKvwkZ nq 1678 mv‡j|
ei`v¯ÍÑ mn¨ Kiv, †g‡b †bIqv| iwebmb µz‡kvÑ W¨vwb‡qj wW‡dvi (1660-1731) myweL¨vZ iPbv, GwU cÖ_g
cÖKvwkZ nq 1719 mv‡j| m¤§vwbZÑ kª‡×q|
mvims‡ÿc :
K_‡Ki evwo‡Z AR©yb gÐj _vKvi mgq A‡bK gRvi NUbv N‡U‡Q| Bs‡iR mv‡n‡ei Kv‡Q Bs‡iwR‡Z K_v e‡j
mKj‡K wew¯§Z K‡i w`‡q‡Qb AR©yb gÐj| bvbv Kvi‡Y AR©yb gÐj K_‡Ki Kv‡Q wcÖq n‡q DV‡Z jvM‡jb|
K¤úvDÛv‡ii Kv‡RI mvnvh¨ Ki‡Zb AR©yb gÐj| wKš‘ Zvi gb c‡o _vK‡Zv cov‡jLvi w`‡K| AR©yb gÐ‡ji
weevn‡hvM¨ mvZ Kb¨v wQj| mKj‡K we‡q w`‡q wZwb GK mgq KU‡Ki D‡Ï‡k¨ hvÎv ïiæ K‡ib| D‡Ïk¨ Aa¨qb|

5. AR©ybKvKv †Kvb c‡` PvKwi †c‡qwQ‡jb?
K. cvKv †Wªmvi L. K¤úvDÛvi
M. G¨v‡cÖw›Um †Wªmvi N. †÷k‡bi Kzwj
6. we‡q‡Z †eqvBi †`qv myweav wb‡Z AvcwË †Kb?
i. I‡Z Acgvb †eva nq
ii. MíK_‡Ki wcZvi ÔgZÕ †bB
iii. Rwg`vi wbh©vZb Ki‡eb
K. i L. ii
M. iii N. ii I iii
Òcovi †Kvb eqm bvB
Pj mevB co‡Z hvB|Ó
7. DÏxc‡Ki welqe¯Í ÔAR©yb gÐjÕ M‡íi †Kvb PwiÎ‡K cÖwZwbwaZ¡ K‡i?
K. AR©ybKvKv L. wmwfj mvR©b
M. Wv³vi evey N. wP‡Zvqv
8. ÔAR©yb gÐjÕ Mí I DÏxc‡K cÖZ¨vkv Kiv n‡q‡QÑ
K. Aaëmvq L. cikÖxKvZiZv
M. kÖgwegyLZv N. D`vmxbZv
P~ovšÍ g~j¨vqb
9. AR©yb gÐj K¤úvDÛvwi co‡Z †Kv_vq wM‡qwQ‡jb?
K. cÖqvM L. Kvwk

M. KUK N. †KvjKvZv
10. †g‡q‡ì we‡qi cÖ¯Ív‡e AR©ybKvKvi Abyf~wZ n‡”QÑ
K. wecbœ †eva Kiv L. weeªZ nIqv
M. Avc` nIqv N. Avb›` †eva Kiv
gvbyl gvby‡li Rb¨
Rxeb Rxe‡bi Rb¨
GKUz mnvbyf~wZ wK gvbyl
†c‡Z cv‡i bv|
11. DÏxc‡Ki ÔGKUz mnvbyf~wZÕ ÔAR©yb gÐjÕ M‡í †K †`wL‡qwQ‡jb?
K. nvivab evey L. Kwig wgqv
M. MíK_‡Ki evev N. wmwfj mvR©b
12. DÏxc‡Ki welqe¯‘ cÖKvk †c‡q‡Q wb‡Pi †h ev‡K¨Ñ
K. Avcwb †Zv meB Rv‡bb, Avcwb bv _vK‡j Avgv‡K KuvPvB †L‡q †djZ kvjviv|
L. gvmLv‡b‡Ki g‡a¨B †Zv KUK †h‡Z n‡e †Zvgv‡K|
M. Zvi †P‡q G‡ZB †j‡M co| N. Zey Avwg coe|
ˆÎ‡jvK¨bv_ gy‡Lvcva¨v‡qi Rb¥ PweŸk ciMYvi ivûZv MÖv‡g| Zuvi Rxeb AZ¨šÍ êwPÎ¨gwÐZ| Zxeª Ávb I Kg©¯ú„nv
wb‡q wZwb cÖ_g Rxe‡bi `wi`ª `kv AwZµg K‡ib| cÖv_wgK Rxeb AwZevwnZ nIqvi ci cÖvq ¯^wkwÿZ n‡q wewfbœ
¯‹z‡j wkÿKZv K‡ib| c‡i cywjk wefv‡M PvKzwi MÖnY K‡i Dwol¨vi wewfbœ ¯’v‡b w`bvwZcvZ K‡ib| KvjvšÍ‡i
miKv‡ii ivR¯^ wefv‡M †hvM w`‡q `yÕevi Bsj¨vÛ I BD‡ivc ågY K‡ib| PvKwi †_‡K Aemi MÖn‡Yi ciB Zuvi
cÖK…Z mvwnwZ¨K Rxeb ïiæ nq| ‰Î‡jvK¨bv_ gy‡Lvcva¨vq AvR evOjv fvlvi Ab¨Zg †kÖô e¨½ mvwnZ¨ iPwqZv|
K. AR©yb gÐj †Kvb m¤úª`v‡qi †jvK wQ‡jb?
L. ÔevbcÖ¯’ Aej¤^b KivB wVK K‡i‡Qb †klKv‡j|Õ Ñ†Kb? eywS‡q ejyb|
M. DÏxc‡Ki ‰Î‡jvK¨bv_ gy‡Lvcva¨v‡qi m‡½ ÔAR©yb gÐjÕ M‡í Kvi mv`„k¨ i‡q‡Q? Ñwe‡kølY Kiæb|
N. Ò†h †Kvb eq‡mB cov‡kvbv Kiv hvq, cÖ‡qvRb ïay cÖej B”Qvkw³i|Ó ÑDÏxcK I ÔAR©yb gÐjÕ M‡íi
Av‡jv‡K gšÍe¨wU wePvi Kiæb|

K.
AR©yb gÐj †R‡j m¤úª`v‡qi †jvK wQ‡jb|
L.
Rxe‡b KviI m‡½ ewbebv nqwb e‡j AR©ybKvKv evbcÖ¯’ Aej¤^b Kiv wVK K‡i‡Qb|
ARy©bKvKv GKRb ¯^wkwÿZ gvbyl| wZwb Zvi cwievi‡K Áv‡bi Av‡jvq Av‡jvwKZ Ki‡Z †P‡qwQ‡jb| wKš‘
cwiev‡ii †KD Zvi mnhvÎx nqwb| ARy©bKvKvi ¯¿x gviv †M‡Qb| Rxe‡bi †kl cÖv‡šÍ G‡m Zvi cÖ¨vKwUm Ki‡ZI
fv‡jv jvMwQj bv| g~L© RvgvB‡ì m‡½ Zvi g‡Zi wgj nqwb| GgbwK bvwZivI Zvi g‡bi g‡Zv nqwb| `ywbqvi
KviI m‡½ Zvi e‡bwb| ZvB †klKv‡j AR©ybKvKv evbcÖ¯’ Aej¤^b Kiv‡KB †kÖq g‡b K‡i‡Qb|
M.
DÏxc‡Ki ˆÎ‡jvK¨bv_ gy‡Lvcva¨v‡qi m‡½ ÔAR©yb gÐjÕ M‡í AR©ybKvKvi mv`„k¨ i‡q‡Q|
mvnm Avi AvZ¥wek¦vm Rxe‡bi A‡bK wKQzB cv‡ë w`‡Z cv‡i| gvby‡li g‡a¨ hw` AvZ¥wek¦vm m„wó nq Z‡e †m
Avcb kw³‡Z AvZ¥gh©v`vq eo n‡Z cv‡i| e¨w³i †ÿ‡Î AvZ¥gh©v`v‡K Dcjwä Ki‡Z cvi‡j Zvi weKv‡ki hveZxq
cÖwZeÜZv `~i nq| GK mgq cÖevwnZ nq Av‡jv‡Ki Sibv aviv|
DÏxc‡K †`Lv hvq, mvwnwZ¨K ˆÎ‡jvK¨bv_ gy‡Lvcva¨vq ¯^wkwÿZ n‡q wewfbœ ¯‹z‡j wkÿKZv K‡i‡Qb| cÖ_g Rxe‡b
`vwi‡`ªï ga¨ w`‡q w`bvwZcvZ Ki‡jI Zuvi g‡a¨ Zxeª Ávb I Kg©¯ú„nv wQj| KvjvšÍ‡i wZwb miKv‡ii cywjk I
ivR¯^ wefv‡M PvKzwi K‡ib| Gfv‡e wZwb Áv‡bi Av‡jvq Av‡jwKZ n‡q Rxe‡b mycÖwZwôZ n‡q‡Qb| ÔAR©yb gÐjÕ
M‡íI AR©ybKvKvi AvZ¥cÖwZôvi Kvwnwb i‡q‡Q| nvmcvZv‡ji GKRb Wv³v‡ii ms¯ú‡k© G‡m Zvi Rxe‡bi †gvo
Ny‡i hvq| ¯^wkwÿZ n‡q GKmgq wZwb K¤úvDÛvwi cixÿvq cvk K‡ib| Gfv‡e AR©ybKvKv g~L©Zvi AÜKvi †f`
K‡i Av‡jvi RM‡Z cv ivL‡Z mÿg nb| ZvB ejv hvq, DÏxc‡Ki ˆÎ‡jvK¨bv_ gy‡Lvcva¨v‡qi m‡½ ÔAR©yb gÐjÕ
M‡íi AR©ybKvKvi PwiÎwU mv`„k¨c~Y©|
N.
cov‡kvbvi †ÿ‡Î eqm †Kv‡bv evav bq, cÖ‡qvRb ïay cÖej B”Qvkw³i|
A`g¨ g‡bvejB gvbyl‡K mvnmx K‡i †Zv‡j| gvbyl †mB mvn‡m ejxqvb n‡q m¤§yL cv‡b GwM‡q hvq| †Kv‡bv
civkw³B Zv‡K civf~Z cv‡i bv| Ae¨³ GB kw³i Av‡jv‡K gvbyl wb‡R‡K †hgb Av‡jvwKZ K‡i, †Zgwb
Pvicv‡ki AÜKviI `~i Ki‡Z mÿg nq Avcb Av‡jvq|
ÔAR©yb gÐjÕ M‡íi †K›`ªªxq PwiÎ AR©ybKvKv †R‡j m¤úª`v‡qi Ges wZwb Pwjøk ermi eqm ch©šÍ wbiÿi wQ‡jb|
NUbvP‡µ nvmcvZv‡ji GKRb Wv³v‡ii mnvqZvq wZwb AwaK eq‡m we`¨v AR©‡b AvMÖnx nb| cwiYZ eq‡m
¯‹jviwkc †c‡q wZwb KUK n‡Z K¤úvDÛvwi cixÿvq cvk K‡i †Rjv †ev‡W©i wewfbœ nvmcvZv‡j PvKzwi K‡ib|
cybivq wZwb lvU ermi eq‡m MíK_‡Ki wbKU A¨vbvUwg, wdwRIjwR I dvg©v‡KvjwR wel‡q Ávb Avni‡Yi B”Qv
cÖKvk K‡ib| Ab¨w`‡K DÏxc‡Ki PwiÎ ˆÎ‡jvK¨bv_ gy‡Lvcva¨v‡qi RxebI AZ¨šÍ êwPÎ¨gwÐZ| wZwbI cÖv_wgK
Rxeb †k‡l ¯^wkwÿZ n‡q miKvwi PvKzwi jvf K‡ib| AZtci PvKzwi †_‡K Aemi MÖnY K‡i mvwnZ¨ mvabvi gva¨‡g
evOjv fvlvi Ab¨Zg †kÖô e¨½ mvwnZ¨ iPwqZv iƒ‡c cÖwZôv jvf K‡ib|
DÏxc‡Ki mvwnwZ¨K ‰Î‡jvK¨bv_ Ges ÔAR©yb gÐjÕ M‡íi AR©ybgÐj Df‡qB ¯^wkwÿZ Ges mvgvwRK I Avw_©K
cÖwZeÜKZv‡K wWw½‡q we`¨v AR©b K‡i‡Qb| PwiÎ `ywUi †ÿ‡Î eqm †Kv‡bv evav n‡q ùvovqwb| Zv‡ì AvZ¥cÖwZôvi
g~‡j wQj mvnm Avi AvZ¥wek¦vm Ges B”Qvkw³| AZGe, ejv hvq, gvbyl †h †Kv‡bv eq‡mB cov‡kvbv Ki‡Z cv‡i,
ïay cÖ‡qvRb nq Zvi cÖej B”Qvkw³i|

GZ cwikÖ‡gi dmj wKš‘ Imgv‡bi GKvi bq| †m †Zv ïay fvMPvwl| Rwgi gvwjK Iqv‡R` †PŠayix XvKvq eo PvKwi
K‡ib| †`‡k ivLv †Mvg¯Ív Kovq MÐvq A‡a©K fvM Av`vq K‡i †bq| giï‡gi mgq Zuvi †Q‡j BDmyd XvKv †_‡K
Av‡m| avb cvU wewµ K‡i UvKv wb‡q Avevi XvKv P‡j hvq| MZ eQi evB‡bi mgq I GKv G‡mwQj| G‡m KvM‡R
KvM‡R wUcmB wb‡q †M‡Q fvMPvwl‡ì| Gi Av‡M Rwgi wewj-eë¯’v gy‡Lgy‡LB Pj‡Zv|
K. AR©ybKvKv MíK_‡Ki wbKU †Kvb wel‡q Ávb AR©b Ki‡Z †P‡q‡Qb?
L. ÒDt we`¨vi Kx cÖZvc!Ó Ñ†Kb? eywS‡q ejyb|
M. DÏxc‡Ki Iqv‡R` †PŠayixi m‡½ ÔAR©yb gÐjÕ M‡í Kvi mv`„k¨ i‡q‡Q? ÑAv‡jvPbv Kiæb|
N. ÒmvgšÍ-mgv‡R †kvl‡Ki PwiÎ GKB, e`jvq ïay Zvi iƒc|Ó ÑDÏxcK I ÔAR©yb gÐjÕ M‡íi Av‡jv‡K
gšÍe¨wU we‡kølY Ki|

1. K 2. K 3. K 4. M 5. M 6. K 7. K 8. K 9. M 10. K 11. M 12. K

cÖv‰MwZnvwmK
gvwbK e‡›`¨vcva¨vq
f~wgKv
gvwbK e‡›`¨vcva¨v‡qi D‡jøL‡hvM¨ Mí-msKjb cÖv‰MwZnvwmK †_‡K ÔcÖv‰MwZnvwmKÕ bvgMíwU msKwjZ n‡q‡Q|
Mªš’wU cÖ_g cÖKvwkZ nq 1937 mv‡j| gvwbK e‡›`¨vcva¨v‡qi AwZ RbwcÖq Mí ÔcÖv‰MwZnvwmKÕ| MíwU c„w_exi eû
fvlvq Ab~w`Z n‡q‡Q| ˆRe‡PZbv I †eu‡P _vKvi AšÍnxb AvKv•ÿvq ÔcÖv‰MwZnvwmKÕ GKB m‡½ inm¨gq RxebmZ¨,
Avw`g †`nKvR, wbôzi ev¯ÍeZv Ges AZj-Amxg Aw¯ÍZ¡evmbvi wkí cÖwZgv| evsjv †QvUM‡íi avivq GK Amvgvb¨
wbg©vY ÔcÖv‰MwZnvwmKÕ|
mvaviY D‡Ïk¨
gvwbK e‡›`¨vcva¨v‡qi ÔcÖv‰MwZnvwmKÕ MíwU cvV K‡i AvcwbÑ
 †QvUMí wn‡m‡e ÔcÖv‰MwZnvwmKÕ ÑGi mv_©KZv wePvi Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
 M‡íi bvg †Kb ÔcÖv‰MwZnvwmKÕ nj, Zv e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
 wfLy PwiÎ we‡kølY Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
 wbgœweË gvby‡li Rxebev¯ÍeZvi wPÎ A¼b Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
cvV-1
cvVwfwËK D‡Ïk¨
 wfLyi Pwi‡Îi KwZcq êwkó¨ e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
 g~j AvL¨v‡b †cn¬v`-DcKvwnwbi ¸iæZ¡ Av‡jvPbv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
 wfLyi Rxe‡bi wech©q I euvK-cwieZ©b eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb |
g~jcvV
mg¯Í el©vKvjUv wfLy fqvbK Kó cvBqv‡Q| Avlvp gv‡mi cª_‡g emšÍcy‡ii ‰eKyÉ mvnvi Mw`‡Z WvKvwZ
Kwi‡Z wMqv Zvnv‡ì `j‡K-`j aiv cwoqv hvq| GMviR‡bi g‡a¨ †Kej wfLyB Kvu‡a GKUv ek©vi
†LvuPv LvBqv cjvB‡Z cvwiqvwQj| ivZvivwZ `k gvBj `~‡ii gv_v-fvOv cyjUvi wb‡P †cŠuwQqv A‡a©KUv kixi Kv`vq
WyevBqv kie‡bi g‡a¨ w`‡bi †ejvUv jyKvBqv wQj| iv‡Î Av‡iv b †µvk c_ nvuwUqv G‡Kev‡i †cn¬v` evM&`xi evwo
wPZjcy‡i|
†cn¬v` Zvnv‡K Avk«q †`q bvB|
KvuaUv †`LvBqv ewjqvwQj, ÔNvILvb mnR jq m¨v½vZ| DwU cvKe| Mv dyje| RvbvRvwb nBqv †M‡j Avwg K‡b hvgy?
Lyb‡Uv hw` bv KiwZmÕ
'Z‡iB Lyb Ki‡Z gb jB‡Z‡Q †cn¬v`|'
ÔGB Rb‡g jv, m¨v½vZ|Õ
eb Kv‡QB wQj, gvBj cuv‡PK DË‡i| wfLy AMZ¨v e‡bB Avk«q jBj| †cn¬v` wb‡R euvk KvwUqv e‡bi GKUv `yM©g
As‡k wmbRywi Mv‡Qi wbweo †Sv‡ci g‡a¨ Zvnv‡K GKUv gvPv euvwaqv w`j| ZvjcvZv w`qv GKUv Av”Qv`bI Kwiqv
w`j| ewjj, Ôev`jvq evNUvN me cvnv‡oi Ic‡i †M‡Q Mv| mv‡c hw` bv Kv‡U †Zv Avivg KBivB _vKwe wfLy|Õ
ÔLvgy Kx?Õ
ÔwPuov-¸o w`jvg †h? `yw`b ev‡` ev‡` fvZ jBqv Avmyg; †ivR AvB‡j gvBb‡m m›` Kie|Õ
Kuv‡ai Nv-Uv jZvcvZv w`qv euvwaqv Avevi Avwmevi Avk¦vm w`qv †cn¬v` Pwjqv †Mj| iv‡Î wfLyi R¡i Avwmj| ciw`b
†Ui cvIqv †Mj †cn¬v‡ì K_vB wVK, Kuv‡ai Nv wfLyi `ybvBqv DwVqv‡Q| Wvb nvZwU dywjqv †Xvj nBqv wMqv‡Q Ges
nvZwU Zvnvi bvwoevi mvg_¨© bvB|
el©vKv‡j †h e‡b evN evm Kwi‡Z Pvq bv Ggwb Ae¯’vq †mB e‡b R‡j wfwRqv gkv I †cvKvi DrcvZ mwnqv, †`‡ni
†Kv‡bv bv †Kv‡bv Ask nB‡Z NÈvq GKwU Kwiqv †RuvK Uvwbqv QvovBqv R¡‡i I Nv‡qi e¨_vq ayuwK‡Z ayuwK‡Z wfLy
`yw`b `yivwÎ m¼xY© gvPvUyKyi Ici KvUvBqv w`j| e…wói mgq QvU jvwMqv †m wfwRqv †Mj, †iv‡ì mgq fvcmv Mvp
¸‡gv‡U †m nuvcvBqv k¦vm Uvwbj, †cvKvi AZ¨vPv‡i wèvivwÎ Zvnvi GK gyn~‡Z©i ¯^w¯Í iwnj bv| †cn¬v` K‡qKUv wewo
w`qv wMqvwQj, †m¸wj dyivBqv wMqv‡Q| wZb-Pvi w`‡bi g‡Zv wPuov Av‡Q e‡U wKš‘ ¸o GKUyI bvB| ¸o dyivBqv‡Q,
wKš‘ ¸‡oi †jv‡f †h jvj wcucov¸wj SuvK euvwaqv AvwmqvwQj Zvnviv GL‡bv gvPvi Dc‡i wfo Kwiqv Av‡Q| I‡ì
nZvkvi R¡vjv wfLyB AweiZ †fvM Kwi‡Z‡Q me©v‡½|
g‡b g‡b †cn¬v‡ì g…Zy¨ Kvgbv Kwi‡Z Kwi‡Z wfLy Zey euvwPevi Rb¨ cªvYc‡Y hywS‡Z jvwMj| †hw`b †cn¬v‡ì
Avwmevi K_v †mw`b mKv‡j Kjwmi RjUvI Zvnvi dyivBqv †Mj| weKvj ch©šÍ †cn¬v‡ì Rb¨ A‡cÿv Kwiqv Z…òvi
cxob Avi mwn‡Z bv cvwiqv KjwmUv jBqv †m †h KZ K‡ó LvwbK `~‡ii bvjv nB‡Z Ava Kjwm Rj fwiqv Avwbqv
Avevi gvPvq DwVj Zvnvi eY©bv nq bv; Amn¨ ÿyav cvB‡j wPuov wPevBqv †m †cU fivBj| GKnv‡Z µgvMZ †cvKv
I wcucov¸wj wUwcqv gvwij| welv³ im ïwlqv jB‡e ewjqv †RuvK awiqv wb‡RB Nv‡qi Pvwiw`‡K jvMvBqv w`j|
meyR i‡Oi GKUv mvc‡K GKevi gv_vi Kv‡Q wmbRywi Mv‡Qi cvZvi duv‡K DuwK w`‡Z †`wLqv cyiv `yNÈv jvwV nv‡Z
†mw`‡K Pvwnqv ewmqv iwnj Ges Zvnvi ci `y-GK NÈv AšÍiB Pvwiw`‡K †Sv‡c ScvSc jvwVi evwo w`qv h_vmva¨
kã Kwiqv mvc ZvovB‡Z jvwMj|
gwi‡e bv| †m wKQy‡ZB gwi‡e bv| e‡bi cï †h Ae¯’vq euv‡P bv †mB Ae¯’vq, gvbyl †m euvwP‡eB|
†cn¬v` MªvgvšÍ‡i KyUygevwo wMqvwQj| ciw`bI †m Avwmj bv| KyUygevwoi weev‡nvrm‡e Zvwo Uvwbqv †eûuk nBqv
cwoqv iwnj| e‡bi g‡a¨ wfLy Kxfv‡e w`bivwÎ KvUvB‡Z‡Q wZb w`‡bi g‡a¨ †m K_v GKevi Zvnvi g‡bI cwoj
bv|
BwZg‡a¨ wfLyi Nv cwPqv DwVqv jvj‡P im MovB‡Z Avi¤¢ Kwiqv‡Q| kixiI Zvnvi Aí Aí dywjqv‡Q| R¡iUv GKUy
Kwgqv‡Q, wKš‘ me©v‡½i Amn¨ †e`bv `g-QyUv‡bv Zvwoi †bkvi g‡ZvB wfLy‡K Av”Qbœ, Awff~Z Kwiqv †dwjqv‡Q| †m
Avi GLb ÿyav-Z…òv Abyfe Kwi‡Z cv‡i bv| †Ruv‡Kiv Zvnvi i³ ïwlqv ïwlqv KwP c‡Uv‡ji g‡Zv dywjqv DwVqv
Avcbv nB‡ZB wb‡P Lwmqv cwoqv hvq, †m †UiI cvq bv| cv‡qi av°vq R‡ji KjwmUv GK mgq wb‡P cwoqv
fvwOqv hvq, e…wói R‡j wfwRqv cyuUywji g‡a¨ wPuov¸wj cwP‡Z Avi¤¢ K‡i, iv‡Î Zvnvi M‡Ü AvK…ó nBqv gvPvi
Avkcv‡k wkqvj Nywiqv †eovq|
KyUygevwo nB‡Z wdwiqv weKv‡ji w`‡K wfLyi Lei jB‡Z wMqv e¨vcvi †`wLqv †cn¬v` M¤¢xifv‡e gv_v bvwoj| wfLyi
Rb¨ GKevwU fvZ I K‡qKwU cyuwUgvQ fvRv Avi GKUy cyuB-P”Pwo †m m‡½ jBqv wMqvwQj| mÜ¨v ch©šÍ wfLyi Kv‡Q
ewmqv _vwKqv I¸wj †m wb‡RB LvBqv †dwjj| Zvici evwo wMqv euv‡ki GKUv †QvU gB Ges Zvnvi †evbvB fiZ‡K
m‡½ Kwiqv wdwiqv Avwmj|
gB‡q †kvqvBqv Zvnviv `yR‡b wfLy‡K evwo jBqv †Mj| N‡ii gvPvi Ici Lo weQvBqv kh¨v iPbv Kwiqv Zvnv‡K
†kvqvBqv ivwLj|

Avi Ggwb k³cªvY wfLyi †h ïay GB AvkªqUyKy cvBqvB webv wPwKrmvq I GK iKg webv h‡ZœB GK gvm gyg~l©y
Ae¯’vq KvUvBqv †m µ‡g µ‡g wbwðZ giY‡K Rq Kwiqv †dwjj| wKš‘ Wvb nvZwU Zvnvi Avi fv‡jv nBj bv|
Mv‡Qi giv Wv‡ji g‡Zv ïKvBqv wMqv Aek AKg©Y¨ nBqv cwoj| cª_‡g AwZ K‡ó nvZUv †m GKUy bvwo‡Z cvwiZ,
wKš‘ †kl ch©šÍ †m ÿgZvUyKyI Zvnvi bó nBqv †Mj|
Kuv‡ai Nv ïKvBqv Avwmevi ci evwo‡Z evwn‡ii †jvK †Kn Dcw¯’Z bv _vwK‡j wfLy Zvnvi GKwU gvÎ nv‡Zi
mvnv‡h¨ g‡a¨ g‡a¨ euv‡ki gB evwnqv wb‡P bvwg‡Z jvwMj Ges GKw`b mÜ¨vi mgq GK KvÐ Kwiqv ewmj|
†cn¬v` †m mgq evwo wQj bv, fi‡Zi m‡½ Zvwo wMwj‡Z evwni nBqv wMqvwQj| †cn¬v‡ì †evb wMqvwQj Nv‡U|
†cn¬v‡ì †eŠ †Q‡j‡K N‡i †kvqvB‡Z Avwmqv wfLyi Pvnwb †`wLqv ZvovZvwo cjvBqv hvB‡ZwQj, wfLy Zvnvi GKUv
nvZ Pvwcqv awij|
wKš‘ †cn¬v‡ì †eŠ evM&`xi †g‡q| `ye©j kix‡i euv nv‡Z Zvnv‡K AvqË Kiv mnR bq| GK SUKvq nvZ QvovBqv †m
Mvj w`‡Z w`‡Z Pwjqv †Mj| †cn¬v` evwo wdwi‡j me ewjqv w`j|
Zvwoi †bkvq †cn¬v‡ì g‡b nBj, Ggb †bgKnvivg gvbylUv‡K G‡Kev‡i Lyb Kwiqv †djvB KZ©e¨| nv‡Zi †gvUv
euv‡ki jvwVUv †eŠ‡qi wc‡V GK Nv emvBqv w`qv wfLyi gv_v dvUvB‡Z wMqv †bkvi g‡aÏ wKš‘ †Ui cvB‡Z evwK
iwnj bv †h KvRUv hZ eo KZ©e¨B †nvK m¤¢e G‡Kev‡iB bq| wfLy Zvnvi aviv‡jv `v-wU euv nv‡Z k³ Kwiqv
evMvBqv awiqv Av‡Q| myZivs Ly‡bvLywbi cwie‡Z© Zvnv‡ì g‡a¨ wKQy Akøxj K_vi Av`vb-cª`vb nBqv †Mj|
†k‡l †cn¬v` ewjj, Ô†Zvi jvBM¨v Avgvi mvZ UvKv LiP †M‡Q, UvKvUv †`, w`qv evBiÕ Avgvi evwo †_BKv, Ñ`~i n|Õ
wfLy ewjj, ÔAvgvi †Kvg‡i GKUv evRy evBÜv ivLwQjvg, ZyB Pywi KiQm| Av‡M Avgvi evRy wdivBqv †`, Z‡e hvgy|Õ
Ô†Zvi evRyi Lci Rv‡b †KWv †i?Õ
ÔevRy †` KBjvg †cn¬v`, fv‡jv Pvm †Zv! evRy bv w`wj mv-evwoi †g‡RvKËvi g‡Zv MjvWv †Zvi GKLvb †Kv‡cB `yB
duvK KBiv †djyg, GB †Zv‡i Avwg KBqv ivLjvg| evRy cvwj Avwg ALwb hvgy wMqv|Õ
wKš‘ evRy wfLy †diZ cvBj bv| Zvnv‡ì weev‡ì g‡a¨ fiZ Avwmqv covq `yR‡b wgwjqv wfLy‡K Zvnviv Kvq`v
Kwiqv †dwjj| †cn¬v‡ì evûg~‡j GKUv Kvgo emvBqv †Ìqv Qvov `ye©j I c½y wfLy Avi we‡kl wKQyB Kwiqv DwV‡Z
cvwij bv| †cn¬v` I Zvnvi †evbvB Zvnv‡K gvwi‡Z gvwi‡Z Avagiv Kwiqv †dwjqv evwoi evwni Kwiqv w`j| wfLyi
ïKvBqv-Avmv Nv dvwUqv i³ cwo‡ZwQj, nvZ w`qv i³ gywQ‡Z gywQ‡Z ayuwK‡Z ayuwK‡Z †m Pwjqv †Mj| ivwÎi
AÜKv‡i †m †Kv_vq †Mj †KnB Zvnv Rvwb‡Z cvwij bv e‡U, wKš‘ `ycyi iv‡Z †cn¬v‡ì Ni R¡wjqv DwVqv
evM&`xcvovq welg ˆn ˆP evavBqv w`j|
†cn¬v` Kcvj PvcovBqv ewj‡Z jvwMj, Ônvq meŸbvk, nvq meŸbvk! Ni‡K Avgvi kwb AvBwQj, nvq meŸbvk!Õ
wKš‘ cywj‡ki UvbvUvwbi f‡q gyL dywUqv †ePviv wfLyi bvgUv ch©šÍ Kwi‡Z cvwij bv|
†mB ivwÎ nB‡Z wfLyi Avw`g, Amf¨ Rxe‡bi wØZxq ch©vq Avi¤¢ nBj| wPZjcy‡ii cv‡k GKUv b`x Av‡Q|
†cn¬v‡ì N‡i Av¸b w`qv Avwmqv GKUv †R‡jwWwO Pywi Kwiqv wfLy b`xi †m«v‡Z fvwmqv wMqvwQj| jwM †Vwjevi
mvg_¨© Zvnvi wQj bv, GKUv P¨vcUv euvk‡K nv‡ji g‡Zv Kwiqv awiqv ivwLqv †m mg¯Í ivZ †Kv‡bviK‡g †bŠKvi gyL
wmav ivwLqvwQj| mKvj nIqvi Av‡M ïay †m«v‡Zi Uv‡b †m †ewk`~i AvMvB‡Z cv‡i bvB|
wfLyi g‡b Avk¼v wQj N‡i Av¸b †Ìqvi †kva jB‡Z †cn¬v` nq‡Zv Zvnvi bvgUv cªKvk Kwiqv w`‡e, g‡bi R¡vjvq
wb‡Ri Amyweavi K_vUv fvwe‡e bv| cywjk eûw`b hveZ Zvnv‡K awievi †Póv Kwi‡Z‡Q, êKyÉ mvnvi evwo‡Z LybUv
nIqvi d‡j †Póv Zvnv‡ì evwoqv‡Q ‰e K‡g bvB| †cn¬v‡ì Kv‡Q Lei cvB‡j cywjk Av‡kcv‡k Pvwiw`‡KB Zvnvi
†LuvR Kwi‡e| wek-wÎk gvB‡ji g‡a¨ †jvKvj‡q gyL †`Lv‡bv Zvnvi c‡ÿ wec‡ì K_v| wKš‘ wfLy ZLb gwiqv nBqv
DwVqv‡Q| Kvj weKvj nB‡Z †m wKQy Lvq bvB| `yRb †Rvqvb gvby‡li nv‡Z †e`g gvi LvBqv GL‡bv `ye©j kixiUv
Zvnvi e¨_vq Avoó nBqv Av‡Q| †fvi-†fvi gnKygv kn‡ii Nv‡Ui mvg‡b †cuŠwQqv †m Nv‡U †bŠKv jvMvBj| b`xi
R‡j Wyweqv Wyweqv mœvb Kwiqv Mv‡qi i‡³i wPý ayBqv †dwjqv kn‡ii wfZi cª‡ek Kwij| ÿyavq †m †Pv‡L AÜKvi
†`wL‡ZwQj| GKwU cqmvI Zvnvi m‡½ bvB †h gywo wKwbqv Lvq| evRv‡ii iv¯Ívq cª_g †h f`ª‡jvKwUi m‡½ †`Lv
nBj ZuvnviB mvg‡b nvZ cvwZqv †m ewjj, Ô`y‡Uv cqmv wèvb KZ©v?Õ
Zvnvi gv_vi RUeuvav Pvc-Pvc iæÿ a~mi Pyj, †Kvg‡i Rov‡bv gvwUi g‡Zv gqjv †Quov b¨vKov, Avi `woi g‡Zv kxY©
†`v`yj¨gvb nvZwU †`wLqv f`ª‡jvKwUi eywS `qvB nBj| wZwb Zvnv‡K GKwU cqmv `vb Kwi‡jb|
wfLy ewjjÑ ÔGKUv w`‡jb evey? Avi GKUv †`b|Õ
f`«‡jvK PwUqv ewj‡jbÑ ÔGKUv w`jvg, Zv‡Z nj bv, fvM&|Õ
GK gyn~‡Z©i Rb¨ g‡b nBj wfLy eywS Zvnv‡K GKUv wekªx MvjB w`qv e‡m| wKš‘ †m AvZ¥mseiY Kwij| Mvj †Ìqvi
e`‡j Avi³ †Pv‡L Zvnvi w`‡K GKevi KUgU Kwiqv ZvKvBqv mvg‡bi gywogyowKi †`vKv‡b wMqv cqmvUv w`qv gywo
wKwbqv †MvMªv‡m wMwj‡Z Avi¤¢ Kwij|
†mB nBj Zvnvi wfÿv Kwievi nv‡Z Lwo|

Kvq`v KivÑ AvqË Kiv, a‡i †djv| †µvkÑ `~i‡Z¡i cwigvcevPK GKK; gvB‡ji wKQz †ewk c_, 8000 nvZ
cwigvY `~iZ¡| †MvMÖvmÑ cÖvqwð‡Zï ci Miæi gy‡L Nvm `v‡bi agx©q cÖ_v, Miæi g‡Zv eo MÖv‡m `ªæZ MjvatKiY|
`ybvBqv DwVqv‡QÑ †c‡K D‡V‡Q| †bgKnvivgÑ K…ZNœ, DcKvi †c‡qI †h Zv A¯^xKvi K‡i ev DcKvixi AcKvi
K‡i; evM&`xÑ eY©vkª‡gi evB‡i K…wlRxex AšÍ¨R wn›`y m¤cÖ`vq, †R‡j| evRyÑ evû ev †Kvg‡ii Aj¼viwe‡kl|
†evbvBÑ fwMœcwZ, †ev‡bi ¯^vgx| hywS‡ZÑ hy× Ki‡Z| jqÑ bq, exif~g-ea©gvb AÂ‡j k‡ãi ïiæ‡Z ÔbÕ aŸwb ÔjÕ-
Gi g‡Zv D”PvwiZ nq| kiebÑ bj-LvMov RvZxq eb, GK RvZxq Z…‡Yi eb| m›`Ñ m‡›`n| mv-evwoiÑ mvnv
evwoi| m¨v½vZÑ †`v¯Í, eÜz, mnPi, mnKgx©|
mvims‡ÿc :
eû WvKvwZ, jyÉb, bvix-wbh©vZb Ki‡jI KLbI KwVb wec‡` c‡owb wfLy| wKš‘ emšÍcy‡ii êKzÉ mvnvi Mw`‡Z
WvKvwZ Ki‡Z wM‡q `‡ji GMvi R‡bi `kRbB aiv c‡o, wfLyB †Kej Kuv‡a ek©vi †LuvPv †L‡qI cvwj‡q †h‡Z
mÿg nq| Avkªq †bq †m bÕ †µvk `~‡i wPZjcyi †cn¬v` ev`xi evwo‡Z| cywj‡ki f‡q †cn¬v` Zv‡K evwo‡Z bv
†i‡L e‡bi g‡a¨ gvPv †eu‡a _vK‡Z w`j| el©vKv‡j Rj-†iv`-e„wó‡Z Abvnv‡i Aa©vnv‡i †K‡U hvq wfLyi Rxe‡bi
me‡P‡q KwVb I hš¿Yvgq K‡qKUv w`b| B‡Zvg‡a¨ wfLyi AvNvZcÖvß evû‡Z cPb a‡i| Ae¯’v †kvPbxq †`‡L
†cn¬v` Zv‡K evwo‡Z wb‡q Av‡m, †mev-hZœ I ïkÖælvq my¯’ K‡i †Zv‡j wfLy‡K| hwÌ Zuvi Wvb nvZ Kvh©ÿgZv
nvwi‡q †d‡j, Zey wfLyi Avw`g cvke cÖe„wËi †Kv‡bv cwieZ©b N‡U bv| GK mÜ¨vq †cn¬v‡ì Abycw¯’wZ‡Z Zvi
¯¿xi w`‡K Avw`g nvZ evwo‡q †`q wfLy| cwiYwZ‡Z Zv‡K evwo †_‡K †ei K‡i †`q †cn¬v`| iv‡Zi Avuav‡i
†cn¬v‡ì N‡i Av¸b w`‡q wPZjcyi Qv‡o wfLy| ïiæ nq Avw`g-Amf¨ AgvwR©Z Rxe‡bi wØZxq ce©| |
cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb
1.ÒNi‡K Avgvi kwb AvBwQj|Ó ÑGLv‡b ÔkwbÕ †K?
K. fiZ L. †cn¬v`
M. wfLy N. êKzÉ
2. †cn¬v` wfLy‡K evwo‡Z AvkÖq †`qwb †Kb?
K. RvbvRvwb nevi f‡q L. wfLy WvKvZ e‡j
M. êKzÉ mvnv‡K Lyb Kivq N. msmv‡i e¨q †e‡o hv‡e

†gvnv¤§`x †eM‡K cig ggZvq cÖvmv‡` AvkÖq w`‡qwQ‡jb beve Avjx e`©x Luv| mšÍvb †¯œ‡n Zv‡K eo K‡i
Zz‡jwQ‡jb| wKš‘ cjvwki hy‡× wmiv‡Ri cZb NU‡j †mB †gvnv¤§`x †eMB Bs‡iR‡ì wb‡`©‡k bev‡ei Av`‡ii bvwZ
wmivR‡K wbg©gfv‡e nZ¨v K‡i|
3. DÏxc‡Ki †gvnv¤§`x †e‡Mi m‡½ ÔcÖv‰MwZnvwmKÕ M‡í Kvi mv`„k¨ i‡q‡Q?
K. wfLy L. fiZ
M. †cn¬v` N. ivLy
4. Giƒc mv`„‡kï KviYÑ
K. wfLyi †bgKnvivwg L. †cn¬v‡ì evRy Pzwi
M. fi‡Zi gvi‡avi N. cywj‡ki UvbvUvwbi fq
cvV-2
cvVwfwËK D‡Ïk¨
 wfLyi Pwi‡Îi KwZcq êwkó¨ e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
 wfLyi wfÿv Kivi †KŠkj Av‡jvPbv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
 cuvPxi cÖwZ wfLyi AvKl©Y I cuvPx‡K cvevi Rb¨ wfLyi bvbvgvwÎK AvPiY e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
g~jcvV
K‡qK w`‡bi wfZ‡iB †m c…w_exi eû cyivZb eëmvwUi GB cªKvk¨Zg wefv‡Mi AvBbKvbyb me wkwLqv
†dwjj| Av‡e`‡bi fw½ I fvlv Zvnvi Rb¥ wfLvwii g‡Zv AvqË nBqv †Mj| kixi GLb Avi †m
G‡Kev‡iB mvd K‡i bv, gv_vi Pyj Zvnvi µ‡gB RU euvwaqv `jv-`jv nBqv hvq Ges Zvnv‡Z A‡bK¸wj DKyb-
cwievi w`‡bi ci w`b eske„w× Kwiqv P‡j| wfLy gv‡S gv‡S L¨vcvi g‡Zv `yB nv‡Z gv_v PyjKvq wKš‘ evowZ Pyj
KvwUqv †dwj‡Z fimv cvq bv| wfÿv Kwiqv †m GKwU †Quov †KvU cvB‡Q, Kuv‡ai ÿZwPýUv XvwKqv ivwLevi Rb¨
`viæY ¸‡gv‡Ui mg‡qI †KvUUv †m Mv‡q PvcvBqv iv‡L| ïK‡bv nvZLvbv Zvnvi eëmvi me‡P‡q †Rviv‡jv weÁvcb,
GB A½wU XvwKqv ivwL‡j Zvnvi P‡j bv| †Kv‡Ui Wvbw`‡Ki nvZvwU †m ZvB eM‡ji KvQ nB‡Z wQuwoqv ev` w`qv‡Q|
GKwU wU‡bi gM I GKUv jvwVI †m msMªn Kwiqv jBqv‡Q|
mKvj nB‡Z mÜ¨v ch©šÍ evRv‡ii Kv‡Q iv¯Ívi av‡i GKUv †ZuZyjMv‡Qi wb‡P ewmqv †m wfÿv K‡i| mKv‡j GK
cqmvi gywo LvBqv †bq, `ycy‡i evRv‡ii LvwbK Zdv‡Z GKUv †cv‡ov evMv‡bi g‡a¨ XywKqv eUMv‡Qi wb‡P B‡Ui
Dby‡b †g‡U nuvwo‡Z fvZ ivbœv K‡i, gvwUi gvjmvq †Kv‡bvw`b iuv‡a †QvU gvQ, †Kv‡bvw`b ZiKvwi| †cU fwiqv LvBqv
eUMvQUv‡ZB †njvb w`qv ewmqv Aviv‡g wewo Uv‡b| Zvici Avevi †ZuZyjMvQUvi wb‡P wMqv e‡m|
mvivUv w`b k¦vm-Uvbv KvZivwbi m‡½ †m ewjqv hvq : †nB evev GKUv cqmv : Avgvq w`‡j fMevb w`‡e : †nB evev
GKUv cqmv|
A‡bK c«vPxb eywji g‡Zv Ôwfÿvqvs ˆbe ˆbe PÕ †køvKUv Avm‡j AmZ¨| mvivw`‡b wfLyi mvg‡b w`qv nvRvi-‡ò
nvRvi †jvK hvZvqvZ K‡i Ges M‡o c«wZ cÂvk R‡bi g‡a¨ GKRb Zvnv‡K cqmv A_ev Avajv †`q| Avajvi
msL¨v †ewk nB‡jI mvivw`‡b wfLyi cuvP-Q Avbv †ivRMvi nq, wKš‘ mvaviYZ Zvnvi DcvR©b AvU Avbvi KvQvKvwQ
_v‡K| mßv‡n GLv‡b `yw`b nvU e‡m| nvUev‡ii DcvR©b Zvnvi GKwU cyiv UvKvi wb‡P bv‡g bv|
GLb el©vKvj AwZµvšÍ nBqv wMqv‡Q| b`xi `yB Zxi Kv‡k mv`v nBqv DwVqv‡Q| b`xi Kv‡QB webœy gvwSi evwoi
cv‡k fvOv PvjvUv wfLy gvwmK AvU Avbvq fvov Kwiqv‡Q| iv‡Î †m ILv‡bB ïBqv _v‡K| g¨v‡jwiqvq g…Z GK
e¨w³i RxY© wKš‘ cyiæ GKwU Kuv_v msM«n Kwiqv‡Q, †jv‡Ki evwoi L‡oi Mv`v nB‡Z Pywi Kwiqv Avbv Lo weQvBqv
Zvnvi Dci Kuv_vwU cvwZqv †m Avivg Kwiqv Nygvq| gv‡S gv‡S kn‡ii wfZ‡i M…n¯’evwo‡Z wfÿv Kwi‡Z wMqv †m
K‡qKLvbv †Quov Kvco cvBqv‡Q| ZvB cyuUwj Kwiqv evwj‡ki g‡Zv eënvi K‡i| iv‡Î b`xi †Rv‡jv-evZv‡m kxZ
Kwi‡Z _vwK‡j cyuUwj Lywjqv GKwU Kvco Mv‡q RovBqv jq|
my‡L _vwKqv Ges †cU fwiqv LvBqv wKQyw`‡bi g‡a¨ wfLyi †`‡n c~‡e©i ¯^v¯’¨ wdwiqv Avwmj| Zvnvi QvwZ dywjqv
DwVj, c«‡Z¨KwU A½ mÂvj‡b nv‡Zi I wc‡Vi gvsm‡cwk bvwPqv DwV‡Z jvwMj| Aeiæ× kw³i D‡ËRbvq µ‡g µ‡g
Zvnvi †gRvR D×Z I Amwnòy nBqv cwoj| Af¨¯Í eywj AvIovBqv KvZifv‡eB †m GL‡bv wfÿv Pvq wKš‘ wfÿv bv
cvB‡j Zvnvi †µv‡ai mxgv _v‡K bv| c‡_ †jvKRb bv _vwK‡j Zvnvi c«wZ D`vmxb cw_K‡K †m Akøxj Mvj w`qv
e‡m| GK cqmvi wRwbm wKwbqv dvD bv cvB‡j †`vKvwb‡K gvwi‡Z I‡V| b`xi Nv‡U †g‡qiv mœvb Kwi‡Z bvwg‡j
wfÿv Pvwnevi Q‡j R‡ji av‡i wMqv ùvovq| †g‡qiv fq cvB‡j †m Lywk nq Ges mwiqv hvB‡Z ewj‡j b‡o bv, ùvZ
evwni Kwiqv `ywe©bxZ nvwm nv‡m|
iv‡Î ¯îwPZ kh¨vq †m QUdU K‡i|
bvix-m½nxb GB wbiærme Rxeb Avi Zvi fv‡jv jv‡M bv| AZx‡Zi DÏvg NUbveûj RxebwUi Rb¨ Zvnvi gb
nvnvKvi K‡i|
Zvwoi †`vKv‡b fuv‡o fuv‡o Zvwo wMwjqv †m njøv KwiZ, Uwj‡Z Uwj‡Z evwmi N‡i wMqv Db¥Ë ivwÎ hvcb KwiZ, Avi
gv‡S gv‡S `j euvwaqv Mfxi iv‡Î M…n‡¯’i evwo PovI nBqv mKj‡K gvwiqv KvwUqv UvKv I Mnbv jywUqv ivZvivwZ
DavI nBqv hvBZ| ¯¿xi †Pv‡Li mvg‡b ¯^vgx‡K euvwaqv gvwi‡j Zvnvi gy‡L †h AeY©bxq fve †`Lv w`Z, cy‡Îi A½
nB‡Z wdbwK w`qv i³ QywU‡j gv †hgb Kwiqv AvZ©bv` Kwiqv DwVZ; gkv‡ji Av‡jvq †m `„k¨ †`Lv Avi AvZ©bv`
†kvbvi †P‡q Db¥v`bvKi †bkv RM‡Z Avi Kx Av‡Q? cywj‡ki f‡q M«vg nB‡Z M«vgvšÍ‡i cjvBqv †eovBqv Avi e‡b-
R½‡j jyKvBqv _vwKqvI †hb ZLb myLx wQj| Zvnvi `‡ji A‡b‡KB evievi aiv cwoqv †Rj LvwUqv‡Q wKš‘ Rxe‡b
GKev‡ii †ewk cywjk Zvnvi bvMvj cvq bvB| ivLy evM&`xi m‡½ cvbvnvi k«xcwZ wek¦v‡mi †evbUv‡K †hevi †m Pywi
KwiqvwQj †mBevi mvZ eQ‡ii Rb¨ Zvnvi K‡q` nBqvwQj, wKš‘ `yeQ‡ii †ewk †Kn Zvnv‡K †R‡j AvUKvBqv
ivwL‡Z cv‡i bvB| GK el©vi mÜ¨vq †R‡ji c«vPxi wWOvBqv †m cjvBqvwQj| Zvici GKv †m M„n¯’evwo‡Z N‡ii
†eov KvwUqv Pywi Kwiqv‡Q, w`b`ycy‡i cyKyiNv‡U GKvwKbx M„n¯’ea~i gyL Pvwcqv Mjvi nvi, nv‡Zi evjv Lywjqv
jBqv‡Q, ivLyi †eŠ‡K m‡½ wbqv †bvqvLvjx nBqv mgy`« wWOvBqv cvwo w`qv‡Q G‡Kev‡i nvwZqvq| Q gvm c‡i ivLyi
†eŠ‡K nvwZqvq †dwjqv Avwmqv cici wZbevi wZbUv `j Kwiqv `~‡i `~‡i KZ M«v‡g †h WvKvwZ Kwiqv †eovBqv‡Q
Zvnvi me¸wji bvgI GLb Zvnvi ¯§iY bvB| Zvici GB †mw`b êKyÉ mvnvi †gR fvBUvi MjvUv †m `v‡qi GK
†Kv‡c `y duvK Kwiqv w`qv Avwmqv‡Q|
Kx Rxeb Zvnvi wQj, GLb Kx nBqv‡Q!
gvbyl Lyb Kwi‡Z hvnvi fv‡jv jvwMZ †m AvR wfÿv bv w`qv Pwjqv †M‡j c_Pvix‡K GKwU wUUKvwi †Ìqvi g‡a¨
g‡bi R¡vjv wbt‡kl K‡i| †`‡ni kw³ Zvnvi GL‡bv †Zgwb AÿyYœ Av‡Q| †m kw³ cª‡qvM Kwievi DcvqUvB Zvnvi
bvB| KZ †`vKv‡b Mfxi iv‡Î mvg‡b UvKvi †_vK mvRvBqv GKv ewmqv †`vKvwb wnmve †gjvq, we‡`kMZ KZ
cyiæ‡li M„‡n †g‡qiv _v‡K GKv| Gw`‡K aviv‡jv GKUv A¯¿ nv‡Z I‡ì mvg‡b ûgwK w`qv cwoqv GKw`‡b eo‡jvK
nIqvi cwie‡Z© webœy gvwSi PvjvUvi wb‡P †m PycPvc ïBqv _v‡K|
Wvb nvZUv‡Z AÜKv‡i nvZ eyjvBqv wfLyi Avd‡mv‡mi mxgv _v‡K bv| msmv‡ii AmsL¨ fxiæ I `ye©j bibvixi g‡a¨
GZ eo ey‡Ki cvUv Avi Ggb GKUv †Rviv‡jv kixi wbqv ïay GKUv nv‡Zi Afv‡e †m †h gwiqv Av‡Q! Ggb
KcvjI gvby‡li nq?
ZeyI G `yf©vM¨ †m mn¨ Kwi‡Z cv‡i| Avd‡mv‡mB wbe„wË| GKv wfLy Avi _vwK‡Z cv‡i bv|

evRv‡i XywKevi gy‡LB GKwU wfLvwibx wfÿv Kwi‡Z e‡m| eqm Zvnvi †ewk bq, †`‡ni euvaywbI †ek Av‡Q| wKš‘
GKUv cv‡q nuvUyi wbP nB‡Z cvZv ch©šÍ Zvnvi _K_‡K ˆZjv³ Nv|
GB Nv‡qi †Rv‡i †m wfLyi †P‡q †ewk †ivRMvi K‡i| †mRb¨ Nv-wU‡K †m we‡kl h‡Zœ mvwi‡Z †`q bv|
wfLy g‡a¨ g‡a¨ wMqv Zvnvi Kv‡Q e‡m| e‡j, ÔNv-wU mvie bv, jq?Õ
wfLvwibx e‡j, ÔLye! Ily` w`‡j ALwb mv‡i|Õ
wfLy mvMª‡n e‡j, Ômviv Z‡e, Ily` w`‡q PUcU mvivBqv j| Nv mvi‡j †Zvi Avi wfK& gvMwZ AB‡ev bv, ÑRvbm?
Avwg †Zv‡i ivLyg|Õ
ÔAvwg _vKwjÕZ|Õ
ÔK¨vb? _vKwe bv K¨vb? LvIqvgy civgy, Aviv‡g ivLyg, cv‡qi ciwb cv w`qv MvU nBqv eBqv _vKwe| bv Kim& ZyB
wK‡qi †j‡M?Õ
AZ mn‡R fywjevi †g‡q wfLvwibx bq| LvwbKUv ZvgvKcvZv gy‡L ¸uwRqv †m e‡j, Ô`yw`b ev‡` †gv‡i hLb ZyB
†L`vBqv w`we, Nv gyB ZLb cvgy †Kvqv‡b?Õ
wfLy AvRxeb GKwbôZvi c«wZÁv K‡i, my‡L ivwLevi †jvf †`Lvq| wKš‘ wfLvwibx †Kv‡bvg‡ZB ivwR nq bv| wfLy
ÿyYœ g‡b wdwiqv Av‡m|
Gw`‡K AvKv‡k Puv` I‡V, b`x‡Z †Rvqvi-fvUv eq, kx‡Zi Av‡g‡R evqy¯Í‡i gv`KZv †`Lv †`q| wfLyi Pvjvi cv‡k
KjvevMv‡b PuvcvKjvi Kuvw` †kl nBqv Av‡m| webœy gvwS Kjv wewµi cqmvq †eŠ‡K iæcvi †MvU wKwbqv †`q| Zv‡ji
i‡mi g‡a¨ †bkv µ‡gB †Nviv‡jv I RgvU nBqv I‡V| wfLyi †c«‡gi DËv‡c N„Yv Dweqv hvq| wb‡R‡K †m Avi
mvgjvBqv ivwL‡Z cv‡i bv|
GKw`b mKv‡j DwVqvB †m wfLvwibxi Kv‡Q hvq| e‡j, ÔAvB”Qv, j, Nv jBqvB Pj&|Õ
wfLvwibx e‡j, ÔAv‡M AvBevi cvi bvB? hv, ALb gi wMqv AvLvi Z‡ji Qvwj Lv wMqv|Õ
ÔK¨vb? Qvwj LvI‡bi K_vWv Kx?Õ
Ô†Zvi jvBMv nuv KBiv eBmv AvwQ fveQm ZyB, e‡U? Avwg DB Dqvi mv‡_ iBwQ|Õ
Iw`‡K ZvKvBqv wfLy †`wL‡Z cvq ZvnviB g‡Zv †Rvqvb `vwoIjv GK LÄ wfLvwi LvwbK Zdv‡Z Avmb Kwiqv‡Q|
Zvnvi Wvb nvZwUi g‡Zv GKwU cv nuvUyi wb‡P ïKvBqv wMqv‡Q, we‡kl hZœmnKv‡i IB AskUyKy mvg‡b †gwjqv †m
Avjøvi bv‡g `qv cªv_©bv Kwi‡Z‡Q|
cv‡k cwoqv Av‡Q Kv‡Vi GKUv K…wÎg n«¯^ cv|
wfLvwibx Avevi ewjjÑ Ôemm †h? hv cvjvBqv hv, †`Lwj Lyb KBiv †djvB‡ev KBqv w`jvg|Õ
wfLy e‡j, ÔAv‡i †_v, Lyb Agb me nvjvB KiwZ‡Q| Dqvi g‡Zv `kUv gvBb‡li GKv Nv‡qj KBiv wèvi cvËvg, Zv
Rvbm?Õ
wfLvwibx e‡j, Ôcvim †Zv hv bv, Dqvi mv‡_ jvM bv wMqv| Avgvi Kv‡Q Kx?Õ
ÔDqv‡K ZyB Qvovb †`| Avgvi Kv‡Q PÕ|Õ
ÔB‡i †mvbv! ZvgyK Lvev? Nv †`BLv wcQvBwQwj, †Zvi j‡M Avi LvwZi wK‡i nvjvi cyZ? Dqv‡i Qvoyg K¨vb? Dqvi
g‡Zv Kvgvm ZyB? Ni Av‡Q †Zvi? fvMwe †Zv fvM, bB‡j Mvj w`gy KBjvg|Õ
wfLy ZLbKvi g‡Zv c«¯’vb K‡i| wKš‘ nvj Qv‡o bv| wfLvwibx‡K GKv †`wL‡jB Kv‡Q Avwmqv ùvovq| fve RgvBevi
†Póv Kwiqv e‡j, Ô†Zvi bvg‡Uv Kxi¨vv?Õ
Ggwb Zvnviv cwiPqnxb †h GZKvj ci¯ú‡ii bvg wRÁvmv Kwievi cª‡qvRbI Zvnviv †eva K‡i bvB|
wfLvwibx Kv‡jv ùv‡Zi duv‡K nv‡m|
Ô†di jvM‡Z AvBQm? †nvB I eywoi Kv‡Q hv|Õ wfLy Zvnvi Kv‡Q Dey nBqv e‡m| cqmvi e`‡j A‡b‡K Pvj wfÿv
†`q ewjqv AvRKvj †m Kuv‡a GKUv Sywj SyjvBqv †eovq| Sywji wfZi nB‡Z gZ©gvb Kjv evwni Kwiqv wfLvwibxi
mvg‡b ivwLqv e‡j ÔLv| †Zvi j‡M Pywi KBiv AvbwQ|Õ
wfLvwibx ZrÿYvr †Lvmv QvovBqv †c«wg‡Ki `vb AvZ¥mvr K‡i| Lywk nBqv e‡j, Ôbvg ïbevi Pvm? cuvPx Kq †gv‡i,
ÑcuvPx| ZyB Kjv w`Qm, bvg KBjvg, Gev‡i fvM|Õ
wfLy DwVevi bvg K‡i bv| AZeo GKUv Kjv w`qv ïay bvg ïwbqv Lywk nIqvi g‡Zv †kŠwLb †m bq| hZÿY cv‡i
ayjvi Dci Dey nBqv ewmqv cuvPxi m‡½ †m Avjvc K‡i| I‡ì ¯Í‡i bvwgqv bv †M‡j †m Avjvc‡K †Kn Avjvc
ewjqv wPwb‡Z cvwi‡e bv| g‡b nB‡e ci¯úi‡K Zvnviv †hb Mvj w`‡Z‡Q| cuvPxi m½xwUi bvg ewmi| Zvi m‡½I †m
GKw`b Avjvc RgvBevi †Póv Kwij|
Ô†mjvg wgqv|Õ
ewmi ewjjÑ ÔBw`‡K Nyivwdiv Kx Rb¨? †mjvg wgqv nwZ‡Q! jvwVi GKNv‡q wkiwU †QuP¨v w`gy †b!Õ
`yR‡b Lye LvwbKUv MvjvMvwj nBqv †Mj| wfLyi nv‡Z jvwV I ewm‡ii nv‡Z g¯Í GKUv cv_i _vKvq gvivgvwiUv Avi
nBj bv|
wb‡Ri †ZuZyjMv‡Qi Zjvq wdwiqv hvIqvi Av‡M wfLy ewjj, Ôi, †Zv‡i wbcvZ Ki‡ZwQ|Õ
ewmi ewjj, Ô†di Dqvi mv‡_ evZwPZ Kiwj Rv‡b gvBiv w`gy| Avjøvi wK‡i|Õ
GB mgq wfLyi DcvR©b Kwgqv Avwmj|
c_ w`qv cªZ¨n b~Zb b~Zb †jvK hvZvqvZ K‡i bv| G‡Kev‡i cª_gev‡ii Rb¨ hvnviv c_wU eënvi K‡i, ‰`bw›`b
cw_K‡ì g‡a¨ Zvnv‡ì msL¨v `yB gv‡mi wfZiB gywó‡gq nBqv Av‡m| wfLy‡K GKevi Zvnviv GKwU cqmv w`qv‡Q,
cybivq Zvnv‡K `vb Kwievi c«‡qvRb Zvnv‡ì A‡b‡KB †eva K‡i bv| msmv‡i wfLvwii Afve bvB|
†Kv‡bv iK‡g wfLyi †cU Pwj‡Z jvwMj| nvUevi Qvov †ivRMv‡ii GKwU cqmvI †m euvPvB‡Z cvwij bv| †m fvebvq
cwoqv †Mj|
kxZ cwo‡j †Lvjv Pvjvi wb‡P _vKv KóKi nB‡e| †hLv‡b †nvK Pviw`K-†Niv †hgb-†Zgb Ni GKLvbv Zvnvi PvB|
gv_v ¸uwRevi GKUv VuvB Avi `y‡ejv LvB‡Z bv cvB‡j †Kv‡bv hyeZx wfLvwibxB Zvnvi m‡½ evm Kwi‡Z ivwR nB‡e
bv| A_P DcvR©b Zvnvi †hfv‡e Kwgqv Avwm‡Z‡Q Gfv‡e Kwg‡Z _vwK‡j kxZKv‡j wb‡RB nq‡Zv †cU fwiqv
LvB‡Z cvB‡e bv|
†hfv‡eB †nvK Avq Zvnv‡K evovB‡ZB nB‡e|

AeY©bxqÑ hv eY©bv Kiv hvq bv| Aeiæ×Ñ e›`x, Ave×, AvUK| AvaÑ AvaLvb, Aa©vsk, Avacqmv| Avd‡mvmÑ
†L`, cwiZvc, Aby‡kvPbv| †Kvqv‡bÑ †Kv_vq k‡ãi AvÂwjK iƒc| ¸‡gvUÑ evZvm _g_‡g _vKvi d‡j †h Mig,
evqy PjvP‡ji AfveRwbZ f¨vcmv| Mv †MUÑ bvixi †Kvg‡ii Aj¼vi we‡kl, †gLjv, KwUf~lY| QvwZÑey‡Ki cvUv ev
we¯Ívi, wmbv, eÿ‡`k| RxY©Ñ †Quov, wQbœ A‡_©| †Rv‡jv evZvmÑ RjwgwkªZ evZvm, wfRv ev cvwbi Avfvmhy³
evZvm| `ywe©bxZÑD×Z, Awkó, Awebqx| wdbwKÑ †e‡M wbM©Z aviv| wfÿvqvs ˆbe ˆbe PÑ wfÿvq KL‡bv wKQz nq
bv, wfÿv K‡i KL‡bv abx nIqv hvq bv| evZwPZÑ K_vevZ©v, Avjvc-Av‡jvPbv| eywjÑ K_v, evK¨, †evj| gZ©gvbÑ
GK RvZxq Kjv| gvqvbgv‡i gvZ©vevb Øxc †_‡K GB Kjvi cÖRvwZ Avbv n‡q‡Q e‡j Kjvi bvg gZ©gvb Kjv|
†køvKÑ KweZv, ms¯‹…Z fvlvq `yB csw³i c‡`¨ iwPZ we‡kl fve ev `k©b|
UxKv :
wfÿvqvs ˆbe ˆbe PÕÑ Gi g~j ms¯‹…Z †køvKwU wb¤œiƒcÑ

ÔevwY‡R¨ em‡Z j²x¯Í`×© s K…wlK©¤§wY|
Z`×©s ivR‡mevqvs wfÿvqvs ˆbe ˆbe P|Õ
A_©Ñ evwY‡R¨ j²x evm K‡i A_©vr eëmvi gva¨‡g A‡bK A_© Av‡m, K…wlKv‡Ri Øviv Zvi A‡a©K cvIqv hvq,
ivR‡mev A_©vr miKvwi PvKwii gva¨‡g Zvi A‡a©K jvf nq, wKš‘ wfÿvq KL‡bv wKQz nq bv, wfÿv K‡i KL‡bv abx
nIqv hvq bv|
mvims‡ÿc :
WvKvZ wfLy Gevi nj wfLvwiÑ RUeuvav Pvc Pvc iæÿ a~mi Pzj, †Kvg‡i Rov‡bv gvwUi g‡Zv gqjv †Quov b¨vKov
Avi `woi g‡Zv kxY© †`v`yj¨gvb nvZ wb‡q `ÿ wfLvwi| ïay nvZLvbvB n‡jv Zvi wfÿve„wËi †Rviv‡jv weÁvcb|
wfÿv K‡i GK mgq wKQz cqmv Rgvq wfLyÑ webœy gvwSi fvOv PvjvwU gvwmK AvU Avbvq fvov K‡i emev‡mi Rb¨,
GB mgq Zvi †PZbvq †`Lv †`q †hŠb-evmbv| bvix Qvov wbiærme Rxeb Zvi fv‡jv jv‡M bv| AZx‡Zi evavnxb
Rxe‡bi K_v Zvi g‡b c‡o, †h Rxe‡b bvixm‡½i †Kv‡bv Afve wQj bv| G mgq GKw`b wfLyi m‡½ cwiPq nq
wfLvwi cuvPxi| cuvPx‡K wb‡Ri N‡i wb‡Z Pvq wfLy| wKš‘ mgm¨v euv‡a cuvPxi GK cv‡qi `M`‡M ˆZjv³ Nv wb‡q|
wfLy Zv‡K Jla w`‡q Zv fv‡jv Ki‡Z e‡j, wKš‘ ivRx nq bv cuvPx| †Kbbv, wfLyi ïK‡bv nv‡Zi g‡ZvB IB
`M`‡M Nv-UvB cuvPxi wfÿve„wËi eo weÁvcb| Gici cuvPx ewm‡ii m‡½ _vK‡Z ïiæ K‡i| cuvPx‡K cvevi Rb¨
Db¥Ë n‡q I‡V wfLy| cuvPxi m‡½ fve Rgv‡bvi †Póv K‡i| e¨vcviUv eyS‡Z †c‡i †ÿ‡c hvq ewmi| wfLy‡K ewmi
KUz K_v e‡j| ewm‡ii K_vq †ÿ‡c hvq wfLy| GK w`‡K cuvPx‡K cvevi `y`©gbxq AvKv•ÿv, Ab¨w`‡K Avq K‡g
hvqÑ GB `yB Kvi‡Y wfLy wPwšÍZ n‡q c‡o| cuvPx‡K †c‡Z n‡j Avq Zv‡K evov‡ZB n‡eÑ GUvB ZLb n‡q I‡V
wfLyi GKgvÎ fvebv|
cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb
5. wfLy Kvi †evb‡K AcniY K‡iwQj?
K. kÖxcwZ wek¦v‡mi L. †cn¬v‡ì
M. ivLy evM&`xi N. êKyÉ mvnvi
6. cuvPx cv‡qi Nv mvivq bv †h Kvi‡YÑ
K. wfÿvi †ivRMvi K‡g hv‡e L. ewmi wb‡la K‡i‡Q
M. A‡_©i Afv‡e N. nuvUzi ÿwZ n‡e
ivgkxj MÖv‡gi hyeK ARq ev‰o| evevi GKmgq weË wQj| b`x fvO‡b me nvwi‡q AvR †m c‡_ e‡m‡Q|
c_Pvwi‡ì mvg‡b c½y †m‡R Zv‡K Lvev‡ii UvKv †RvMvo Ki‡Z nq|
7. DÏxc‡Ki ARq Pwi‡Îi m‡½ ÔcÖv‰MwZnvwmKÕ M‡í Kvi wgj i‡q‡Q?
K. êKzÉ L. ivLy
M. wfLy N. ewmi
8. DÏxcK Ges ÔcÖv‰MwZnvwmKÕ M‡í cÖKvwkZ n‡q‡QÑ
i. Rxeb msMÖvg
ii. cÖwZev`x †PZbv
iii. mvgvwRK AwePvi
K. i L. ii
M. iii N. ii I iii
cvV-3
cvVwfwËK D‡Ïk¨
 M‡íi ÔcÖv‰MwZnvwmKÕ bvgKi‡Yi mv_©KZv e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
 wfLy PwiÎ we‡kølY Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
 cuvPx-PwiÎ e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
 ÔcÖv‰MwZnvwmKÕ †QvUM‡íi wkíg~j¨ wePvi Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
g~jcvV
GLv‡b _vwKqv Avq evovBevi †Kv‡bv DcvqB †m †`wL‡Z cvq bv| Pywi-WvKvwZi Dcvq bvB, gRyi
LvwUevi Dcvq bvB, G‡Kev‡i Lyb Kwiqv bv †dwj‡j Kvnv‡iv Kv‡Q A_© wQbvBqv jIqv GKnv‡Z m¤¢e
bq| cuvPx‡K †dwjqv GB kni Qvwoqv †Kv_vI hvB‡Z Zvnvi B”Qv nq bv| Avcbvi fv‡Mi weiæ‡× wfLyi gb we‡`«vnx
nBqv I‡V| Zvnvi Pvjvi cv‡k webœy gvwSi myLx cvwievwiK RxebUv Zvnv‡K wnsmvq RR©wiZ Kwiqv †`q| GK-GKw`b
webœyi N‡i Av¸b aivBqv wèvi Rb¨ gb QUdU Kwiqv I‡V| b`xi av‡i L¨vcvi g‡Zv Nywi‡Z Nywi‡Z Zvnvi g‡b nq
c…w_exi hZ Lv`¨ I hZ bvix Av‡Q GKv me `Lj Kwi‡Z bv cvwi‡j Zvnvi Z…wß nB‡e bv|
Avi wKQyKvj wfLy Ggwb Am‡šÍv‡li g‡a¨ KvUvBqv w`j| Zvici GKw`b Mfxi iv‡Î Sywji g‡a¨ Zvnvi mg¯Í
g~jëvb wRwbm fwiqv, Rgv‡bv UvKv KwU †Kvg‡ii Kvc‡o k³ Kwiqv euvwaqv wfLy Zvnvi Pvjv nB‡Z evwni nBqv
cwoj| b`xi av‡i GKw`b †m nvZLv‡bK j¤^v GKUv †jvnvi wkK KyovBqv cvBqvwQj| Aemig‡Zv cv_‡i Nwlqv
wkKwUi GKUv gyL †m †PvLv Kwiqv‡Q| GB A¯¿wU †m Sywji g‡a¨ fwiqv m‡½ jBj|
Agvem¨vi AÜKv‡i AvKvkfiv Zviv ZLb wSwKwgwK Kwi‡Z‡Q| Ck¦‡ii c…w_ex‡Z kvšÍ ¯ÍäZv| eûKvj c‡i
gaïvwÎi Rbnxb RM‡Z g‡bi g‡a¨ fqvbK GKUv Kíbv jBqv wePiY Kwi‡Z evwni nBqv wfLyi AK_bxq Djøvm
†eva nBj| wb‡Ri g‡b AùyU¯^‡i †m ewjqv DwVj, ÔeuvwU jBqv WvbwUi hw` †invB w`Zv fMgvb!Õ
b`xi av‡i av‡i AvagvBj nuvwUqv wMqv GKwU m¼xY© c_ w`qv †m kn‡i c«‡ek Kwij| evRvi euv-nvwZ ivwLqv NygšÍ
kn‡ii ey‡K †QvU †QvU AwjMwj w`qv kn‡ii Aci cªv‡šÍ wMqv †cuŠwQj| kn‡i hvIqvi cvKv iv¯ÍvwU GLvb w`qv kni
nB‡Z evwni nBqv‡Q| b`x Nywiqv Avwmqv `y gvBj ZdvZ GB iv¯ÍviB cv‡k gvBjLv‡bK iwnqv wMqv Avevi `wÿ‡Y
w`K cwieZ©b Kwiqv‡Q|
wKQy `~i ch©šÍ iv¯Ívi `yw`‡K duv‡K duv‡K `y-GKwU evwo †Pv‡L c‡o| Zvici av‡bi †ÿZ I gv‡S gv‡S R½jvKxY©
cwZZ WvOvi †`Lv cvIqv hvq| Ggwb GKUv R½‡ji av‡i Rwg mvd Kwiqv cuvP-mvZLvbv Kyu‡o Zywjqv K‡qKUv
nZfvMv gvbyl GKwU `wi`«Zg cwjø ¯’vwcZ Kwiqv‡Q| Zvi g‡a¨ GKwU Kyu‡o ewm‡ii| †fv‡i DwVqv VKVK k‡ã
KvwVi cv †dwjqv †m kn‡i wfÿv Kwi‡Z hvq, mÜ¨vi mgq wdwiqv Av‡m| cuvPx Mv‡Qi cvZv R¡vjvBqv fvZ iuv‡a,
ewmi Uv‡b ZvgvK| iv‡Î cuvPx cv‡qi Nv‡q b¨vKovi cwU Rovq| euv‡ki Lv‡U cvkvcvwk ïBqv Zvnv‡ì KvUv KvUv
K`h© fvlvq Mí Kwi‡Z Kwi‡Z Zvnviv NygvBqv c‡o| Zvnv‡ì bxo, Zvnv‡ì kh¨v I Zvnv‡ì †`n nB‡Z GKUv
fvcmv cPv `yM©Ü DwVqv L‡oi Pv‡ji dyUv w`qv evwn‡ii evZv‡m wgwk‡Z _v‡K|
Ny‡gi †Nv‡i ewmi bvK WvKvq| cuvPx weoweo Kwiqv e‡K|
wfLy GKw`b I‡ì wcQy wcQy Avwmqv Ni †`wLqv wMqvwQj| AÜKv‡i mveav‡b N‡ii wcQ‡b wMqv †eovi duv‡K Kvb
cvwZqv †m wKQyÿY KPye‡bi g‡a¨ ùvovBqv iwnj| Zvici Nywiqv N‡ii mvg‡b Avwmj| wfLvwii Kyu‡o, ìRvi SuvcwU
cuvPx wfZi nB‡Z eÜ K‡i bvB, ïay †VKvBqv ivwLqvwQj| SuvcUv mšÍc©‡Y GKcv‡k mivBqv Sywji wfZi nB‡Z

wkKwU evwni Kwiqv k³ Kwiqv awij| N‡ii g‡a¨ c«‡ek Kwij| evwn‡i Zvivi Av‡jv wQj, N‡ii wfZ‡i †mUyKy
Av‡jviI Afve| †`kjvB R¡vwjevi AwZwi³ nvZ bvB; N‡ii g‡a¨ ùvovBqv wfLy fvweqv †`wLj ewm‡ii ürwc‡Ði
Ae¯’vbwU wbY©q Kiv m¤¢e bq| euv nv‡Zi AvNvZ, wVK RvqMvg‡Zv bv cwo‡j ewmi †Mvjgvj Kwievi my‡hvM cvB‡e|
Zvnv‡Z gykwKj A‡bK|
K‡qK gyn~Z© wPšÍv Kwiqv ewm‡ii wkq‡ii Kv‡Q mwiqv wMqv GKwUgvÎ AvNv‡Z NygšÍ †jvKUvi Zvjyi g‡a¨ wk‡Ki
†PvLv w`KUv †m cªvq wZb AvOyj wfZ‡i XyKvBqv w`j| AÜKv‡i AvNvZ KZ`~i gvivZ¥K nBqv‡Q eywSevi Dcvq wQj
bv| wkKUv gv_vi g‡a¨ XywKqv‡Q †Ui cvBqvI wfLy ZvB wbwðšÍ nB‡Z cvwij bv| GKnv‡Z me‡j ewm‡ii Mjv
Pvwcqv awij|
cuvPx‡K ewjj, ÔPyc _vK; wP‡jøvwe †Zv †Zv‡iI gvBiv †djvgy|Õ
cuvPx †PuPvBj bv, f‡q †MvOvB‡Z jvwMj|
wfLy ZLb Avevi ewjj, ÔGKUyKy AvIqvR jq, fv‡jv Pvm †Zv GK`g Pyc gvBiv _vK|Õ
ewmi wb¯ú›` nBqv †M‡j wfLy Zvnvi Mjv nB‡Z nvZ mivBqv jBj|
`g jBqv ewjj, ÔAv‡jvUv R¡vBjv †` cuvPx|Õ
cuvPx Av‡jv R¡vwj‡j wfLy cig Z…wßi m‡½ wb‡Ri KxwZ© Pvwnqv †`wLj| GKwUgvÎ nv‡Zi mvnv‡h¨ Agb †Rvqvb
gvbylUv‡K Nv‡qj Kwiqv M‡e~i Zvnvi mxgv wQj bv| cuvPxi w`‡K ZvKvBqv †m ewjj, Ô†`LQm? †KWv Kv‡i Lyb Kij
†`LQm? ZLb cB-cB KBiv KBjvg; wgqvevB †Nvov wW½vBqv Nvm LvBevi jviev †Mv, Qvovb †Ì| ïB‡b
wgqvev‡qi ABj †Mvmv! Kq wKbv, wki †QuP¨v w`gy! †`b †Mv †`b, wki †QuP¨vB †`b wgqvevB|Õ ewm‡ii g…Z‡`‡ni
mvg‡b e¨½f‡i gv_vUv GKevi bZ Kwiqv wfLy gv_v `yjvBqv nv-nv Kwiqv nvwm‡Z jvwMj| mnmv µy× nBqv ewjj,
ÔV¨vivBb †evev K¨vb †Mv? Av‡i K_v K nvonvevBZv gvBqv! †Zv‡i w`gy bvwK mvevi KBiv, ÑAu¨v?Õ
cuvPx Kuvwc‡Z Kuvwc‡Z ewjj, ÔBev‡i Kx Kiwe?Õ
Ô`¨vL Kx Kwi| cqmvKwi K‡b ¸Bbv ivL‡Q, Av‡M ZvB K|Õ
ewm‡ii †Mvcb mÂ‡qi ¯’vbwU cuvPx A‡bK K‡ó Avwe®‹vi KwiqvwQj| wfLyi Kv‡Q c«_‡g †m AÁZvi fvb Kwij|
wKš‘ wfLy Avwmqv Py‡ji gywV Pvwcqv awi‡j c«Kvk Kwi‡Z c_ cvBj bv|
ewm‡ii mg¯Í Rxe‡bi mÂq Kg bq, UvKvq Avaywj‡Z GKkZ UvKvi Ici| GKUv gvbyl‡K nZ¨v Kwiqv wfLy c~‡e©
Bnvi †P‡q †ewk DcvR©b Kwiqv‡Q| Zey †m Lywk nBj| ewjj, ÔKx Kx wbwe cyuUwj evuBav d¨vjv cu vPx| Zvici jÕ
ivBZ _vK‡Z †gjv Kwi| LvwbK ev‡` bIwgi Pv›` DVe, Av‡jvq c_UyKy cvi ngy|Õ
cuvPx cyuUywj euvwaqv jBj| Zvici wfLyi nvZ awiqv †LuvovB‡Z †LuvovB‡Z N‡ii evwni nBqv iv¯Ívq wMqv DwVj|
c~e©vKv‡ki w`‡K Pvwnqv wfLy ewjj, ÔALbB Pv›` DVe cuvPx|Õ
cuvPx ewjj, ÔAvgiv hvgy K‡b?Õ
Ômì| Nv‡U bvÕ Pywi Kiæg| weqv‡b wQcwZcy‡ii mvg‡b Rsjvi gw`¨ XyBKv _vKyg, ivB‡Z GK`g mì| cv PvjvBqv
PÕ cuvPx, GK †Kvk c_ nuvUb jvMe|Õ
cv‡qi Nv jBqv ZvovZvwo Pwj‡Z cuvPxi Kó nB‡ZwQj| wfLy mnmv GKmgq ùvovBqv cwoj| ewjj,
Ôcv‡q wb ZyB e¨_v cvm cvuPx?Õ
Ôn, e¨_v Rvbvq|Õ
Ôwc‡V Pvcvgy?Õ
Ôcviwe K¨vb?Õ
Ôcviæg, Avq|Õ
wfLyi Mjv RovBqv awiqv cuvPx Zvnvi wc‡Vi Ici Sywjqv iwnj| Zvnvi †`‡ni fv‡i mvg‡b SyuwKqv wfLy †Rv‡i †Rv‡i
c_ Pwj‡Z jvwMj| c‡_ `yw`‡K av‡bi †ÿZ AveQv Av‡jvq wbtmv‡o cwoqv Av‡Q| `~‡i Mªv‡gi MvQcvjvi wcQb
nB‡Z begxi Puv` AvKv‡k DwVqv Avwmqv‡Q| Ck¦‡ii c„w_ex‡Z kvšÍ ¯ÍäZv|
nq‡Zv IB Puv` Avi GB c…w_exi BwZnvm Av‡Q| wKš‘ †h avivevwnK AÜKvi gvZ…Mf© nB‡Z msM«n Kwiqv †`‡ni
Af¨šÍ‡i jyKvBqv wfLy I cuvPx c…w_ex‡Z AvwmqvwQj Ges †h AÜKvi Zvnviv mšÍv‡bi gvsmj Av‡eóbxi g‡a¨ †Mvcb
ivwLqv hvB‡e Zvnv cÖv‰MwZnvwmK, c…w_exi Av‡jv AvR ch©šÍ Zvnvi bvMvj cvq bvB, †Kv‡bvw`b cvB‡eI bv|

AK_bxqÑ †h K_v ejv hvq bv| K`h©Ñ AwZ KzrwmZ, K`vKvi, AZ¨šÍ wekªx| †KvkÑ †µvk| †PvLvÑ Zx², avivj,
AwZ †MvmvÑ ivM, µz×| R½jvKxY©Ñ R½‡j c~Y© | bvÕÑbvI, †bŠKv| wb®ú›`Ñ ¯ú›`bk~b¨, w¯’i, APÂj, AKw¤úZ|
wbtmv‡oÑ mvovk~b¨, kãnxbfv‡e| b¨vKovÑ †Quov Kvco, RxY© e¯¿LÐ| cÖv‰MwZnvwmKÑ †h hyM †_‡K BwZnvm Rvbv
hvq Zvi c~e©Kv‡ji| weqv‡bÑ mKv‡j| f¨vcmvÑ evqy PjvPjnxb ¯’v‡b `yM©Ü Aeiæ× ev®ú ev Zv‡ci g‡Zv, ¸‡gvU|
jvievÑ cvi‡e bv| mšÍc©‡YÑ mveav‡b, kãnxbfv‡e AwZ Av‡¯Í ev ax‡i|
mvims‡ÿc :
GKw`‡K cuvPx‡K cvevi `ywb©evi AvKv•ÿv, Ab¨w`‡K ewm‡ii Av‡µvk wfLy‡K Db¥Ë K‡i †Zv‡j| Ae‡k‡l AÜKvi
iv‡Z ewmi‡K †jvnvi wkK w`‡q nZ¨v K‡i cuvPx‡K wb‡q `~i‡`‡k hvÎv K‡i wfLy| AvKv‡k ZLb begxi Puv`| wfLy
cuvPx‡K wb‡q GwM‡q Pjj| wfLy-cuvPxi g‡a¨ †jLK gvbe-AwfhvÎvi K_v e‡j †kl K‡ib cÖv‰MwZnvwmK Mí|

9. wfLy Kvi cvwievwiK Rxe‡b wnsmvq RR©wiZ nq?
K. webœy gvwS L. ‰eKzÉ mvnv
M. kÖxcwZ wek¦vm N. fiZ evM`x
10. ÔcÖv‰MwZnvwmKÕ ej‡Z †evSvq Ñ
i. BwZnv‡mi c~e© Kvwnwb
ii. BwZnv‡mi mgKvjxb Kvwnwb
iii. BwZnv‡mi cieZ©x Kvwnwb
K. i L. ii
M. iii N. i I ii
cvwK¯Ívwb ˆmwb‡Kiv iæûj KzÏy‡mi evwo‡Z nvbv w`‡q‡Q| N‡i †Kej gv Avi †g‡q| gv‡qi eqm Pwjøk, wKš‘ fvwi
gReyZ †`‡ni Mob| GL‡bv ¯^”Q‡›` wZwik e‡j Pvwj‡q †Ìqv hvq, †g‡q `ywUi GKwU Dwbk, GKwU m‡Z‡iv|
RIqvbiv fvwi Lywk|
11. DÏxc‡Ki RIqvbiv ÔcÖv‰MwZnvwmKÕ M‡í Kvi m‡½ mv`„k¨c~Y©?
K. †cn¬v` L. wfLy
M. êKzÉ N. ewki
12. DÏxcK I ÔcÖv‰MwZnvwmKÕ M‡í cÖKvk †c‡q‡QÑ
K. Avw`g Kvgbv L. c„w_exi Av‡jv
M. ewm‡ii wRNvsmv N. †cn¬v‡ì gvbweKZv

P~ovšÍ g~j¨vqb
13. wfLy ivLyi eD‡K wb‡q †Kv_vq cvwj‡qwQj?
K. emšÍcy‡i L. nvwZqvq
M. cvnvbvq N. wPZjcy‡i
14. êKzÉ mvnvi evwo‡Z AvµgY Kiv nq †h Kvi‡YÑ
K. A‡_©i cÖ‡qvR‡b L. Avw`g Kvgbvq
M. cÖwZ‡kva ¯ú„nvq N. ˆckvwPK Djøv‡m
we‡bv` fvM¨v‡š^lx gvbyl| fvM¨ cwieZ©‡bi Rb¨ †m †Mvwe›`cyi MÖv‡g G‡m Av¯Ívbv Mv‡o| †mLv‡b GKwU R½jvKxY©
¯’vb‡K Zx_©¯’vb evwb‡q ïiæ nq we‡bv‡ì Ôfvov‡U mš¿vmxÕ LvUvi KvR|
15. DÏxc‡Ki we‡bv` Pwi‡Îi m‡½ ÔcÖv‰MwZnvwmKÕ M‡í Kvi mv`„k¨ i‡q‡Q?
K. kÖxcwZ wek¦vm L. †cn¬v`
M. wfLy N. ewmi
16. we‡bv‡ì m‡½ PwiÎwUi Giƒc mv`„‡kï KviYÑ
K. wiismv L. cÖe„wË
M. nZvkv N. D‡ËRbv
gvby‡li †eu‡P _vKvi AvKzwZ wPiKvjxb| hvi A‡bK Av‡Q †mI Pvq, hvi mvgvb¨ Av‡Q †mI c„w_ex‡Z Zvi Aw¯Í‡Z¡i
Qvc †i‡L †h‡Z Pvq| RMr-msmv‡i G wel‡q abx-wba©b, ejkvjx-`ye©j mK‡jB mgvb| mf¨Zvi µg AMÖmigvb MwZ
gvby‡li †eu‡P _vKvi B”Qv‡K wN‡iB AvewZ©Z n‡q‡Q| wKš‘ hvi wKQzB †bB, Zvi †eu‡P _vKvi cÖeYZv me‡P‡q †ewk|
c„w_ex‡Z †eu‡P _vKvB gvbe Rxe‡bi cig AvKv•ÿv|
K. †cn¬v‡ì N‡i †K Av¸b w`‡qwQj?
L. cuvPxi cÖwZ wfLyi AvKl©‡Yi KviY eY©bv Kiæb|
M. DÏxc‡Ki Ô†eu‡P _vKvi AvKzwZÕ ÔcÖv‰MwZnvwmKÕ M‡í †Kvb Pwi‡Î cÖwZdwjZ n‡q‡Q?
N. ÒDÏxc‡Ki g~j fvebv ÔcÖv‰MwZnvwmKÕ M‡í dz‡U D‡V‡Q|Ó ÑgšÍe¨wU we‡kølY Kiæb|

K.
†cn¬v‡ì N‡i wfLy Av¸b w`‡qwQj|
L.
cvuPxi cÖwZ wfLyi AvKl©‡Yi g~‡j i‡q‡Q ˆRweK Pvwn`v I A_©‰bwZK myweavcÖvwß|
wfLy wfÿv Ki‡Z wM‡q ch©vß Lvevi-`vevi †c‡q GKmgq üó-cyó n‡q D‡V| G mg‡q wfLvwi cuvPxi cÖwZ Zvi
†jvjyc `„wó c‡o| e¯‘Z `ywU Kvi‡Y cuvPxi cÖwZ wfLyi AvKl©Y ˆZwi nqÑ cÖ_gZ cuvPxi m‡½ emevm, wØZxqZ cuvPxi
†ivRMv‡ii Rgv‡bv UvKv| wfLy g‡b K‡i‡Q cuvPx‡K †c‡j GKw`‡K Zvi ˆ`wnK Kvgbv wgU‡e Avi Ab¨w`‡K Zvi
†ivRMv‡ii UvKvq my‡L _vK‡Z cvi‡e|
M.
DÏxc‡Ki Ô†eu‡P _vKvi AvKzwZÕ ÔcÖv‰MwZnvwmKÕ †QvUM‡í wfLy Pwi‡Î cÖwZdwjZ n‡q‡Q|
gvby‡li †eu‡P _vKvi Rb¨ AbyK~j cwi‡ek cÖ‡qvRb| gvbemgv‡R gvbyl Zvi Aw¯ÍZ¡ wUwK‡q ivL‡Z me wKQy Ki‡Z
cv‡i| †m hLb Aw¯ÍZ¡ msK‡U c‡o ZLb Rxe‡bi ÿz`ª Aej¤^b‡KI AuvK‡o a‡i euvP‡Z Pvq| †eu‡P _vKvi Rb¨ gvbyl
Aw¯Í‡Z¡i †kl we›`y ch©šÍ jovB K‡i|
DÏxc‡K gvby‡li †eu‡P _vKvi Pig AvKzjZvi K_v ejv n‡q‡Q| gvbyl hLb Aw¯ÍZ¡ msK‡U c‡o ZLb Zvi †eu‡P
_vKvi B”Qv cÖej nq| Zvi Rxe‡bi GKgvÎ a¨vb I Ávb n‡”Q Avcb Aw¯ÍZ¡‡K wUwK‡q ivLv| ÔcÖv‰MwZnvwmKÕ
†QvUM‡íI †`Lv hvq, wfLy Zvi Aw¯ÍZ¡‡K wUwK‡q ivLvi Rb¨ cÖej msMÖvg K‡i‡Q| †eu‡P _vKvi `vwe‡Z †m R½‡ji
†cvKv-gvKo I mvc-we”Qzi m‡½ jovB K‡i‡Q| A‡_©i cÖ‡qvR‡b emšÍcy‡i WvKvwZ Ki‡Z wM‡q êKzÉ mvnv‡K Lyb
K‡i‡Q| Avw`g Kvgbvq cÖe„Ë n‡q cuvPx‡K cvevi cÖZ¨vkvq ewmi‡K Lyb K‡i‡Q| Gfv‡e †m Avw`g ee©i g‡bve„wË‡Z
wb‡Ri Aw¯ÍZ¡‡K wUwK‡q ivL‡Z m‡Pó n‡q‡Q| ZvB †eu‡P _vKvi AvKzjZv ÔcÖv‰MwZnvwmKÕ †QvUM‡í wfLy Pwi‡Î
cÖwZdwjZ n‡q‡Q|
N.
DÏxc‡Ki g~j fvebv ÔcÖv‰MwZnvwmKÕ M‡í dz‡U D‡V‡Q- gšÍe¨wU h_v_© n‡q‡Q|
cÖvYx gvÎB wb‡Ri Aw¯ÍZ¡‡K wUwK‡q ivLvi cÖqv‡m AvRxeb msMÖvgx| gvbylI †h‡nZz cÖvY aviY K‡i ZvB †m cÖvY
iÿvi `vqI Zvi cwZZ nq| GB `vqfvi enb Kivi cÖ‡qvR‡b gvbyl cÖv‰MwZnvwmK Kvj †_‡K G‡m eZ©gvb mg‡q
DcbxZ n‡q‡Q, mf¨Zv‡K mg„× K‡i‡Q|
DÏxc‡K ejv n‡q‡Q, †eu‡P _vKvi cÖeYZv gvby‡li mnRvZ| hvi †eu‡P _vKvi c_ hZ KóKi, Zvi †eu‡P _vKvi
AvKv•ÿvI ZZ Zxeª| †Kbbv gvbyl‡K Rxe‡bi cÖwZwU gyn~‡Z© cÖvY aviY Kivi DcKiY Lye Kó K‡i msMÖn Ki‡Z nq|
ÔcÖv‰MwZnvwmKÕ †QvUM‡íI †`Lv hvq, wb‡Ri Rxeb‡K Aw¯ÍZ¡kxj Ki‡Z wfLy wbR Pwi‡Î Avw`g hy‡Mi eb¨Zv‡K aviY
K‡i‡Q| †cn¬v‡ì evwo‡Z Ae¯’vbKv‡j †m KwVb msMÖv‡gi ga¨ w`‡q w`bvwZcvZ K‡i‡Q| Avevi gnKzgv kn‡i
¯^vfvweK w`b wd‡i †c‡ZB Zvi †jvjyc `„wó c‡o cuvPxi Dci| GKmgq iv‡Zi AÜKv‡i cuvPx‡K wc‡V wb‡q wfLy
m`‡ii D‡Ï‡k cvwj‡q hvq| Gfv‡e †`Lv hvq, ˆRweK cÖe„wËi Avw`gZv I gvby‡li †eu‡P _vKvi msMÖvg
ÔcÖv‰MwZnvwmKÕ †QvUM‡í D‡V G‡m‡Q|
ÔcÖv‰MwZnvwmKÕ †QvUM‡í wfLyi Rxeb Avw`g Kvgbv-evmbv I ey‡bv ee©iZvq ch©ewmZ| DÏxc‡KI gvby‡li †eu‡P
_vKvi AvKv•ÿv cÖKvk †c‡q‡Q| e¯‘Z DÏxc‡K ewY©Z †eu‡P _vKvi G Avw`g AvKv•ÿvwUB cÖv‰MwZnvwmK M‡íi g~j
DcRxe¨| ZvB ejv hvq, DÏxc‡Ki g~j fvebv ÔcÖv‰MwZnvwmKÕ †QvUM‡í wkímdjfv‡e dz‡U D‡V‡Q|

ÔjvjmvjyÕ Dcb¨v‡m wPwÎZ n‡q‡Q Kzms¯‹viv”Qbœ I ag©fxiæ gneŸZbMi MÖv‡gi gvby‡li RxebwPÎ| GB mgv‡R gwR`
wU‡K _vKvi msMÖv‡g wjß| Rxebhy‡× msMÖvgx gwR` wb‡Ri Rb¥¯’vb †_‡K eû`~‡ii gneŸZbM‡i GKwU cyivZb RxY©
Kei‡K †gv`v‡”Qi wc‡ii gvRvi wnmv‡e †NvlYv K‡i| IB GjvKvi gvbyl‡ì †eG‡jg e‡j AwfwnZ K‡i| wKš‘
ag©xq D‡Ï‡k¨ gwR` gvRvi cÖwZôv K‡iwb| Zvi D‡Ïk¨ wQj ag© eëmvq| Gfv‡e gvRvi cÖwZôvi gva¨‡g gwR`
gvby‡li ag©xq Abyf~wZi my‡hvM wb‡q m¤ú`kvjx n‡q I‡V|
K. ewmi‡K Kx w`‡q nZ¨v Kiv n‡qwQj?
L. wfLyi wfÿzK Rxe‡bi cwiPq w`b|
M. DÏxc‡Ki gwR‡ì m‡½ ÔcÖv‰MwZnvwmKÕ M‡í Kvi mv`„k¨ i‡q‡Q? ÑAv‡jvPbv Kiæb|
N. ÒDÏxc‡Ki Aw¯ÍZ¡ev`x †PZbv ÔcÖv‰MwZnvwmKÕ M‡í cÖejfv‡e dz‡U D‡V‡Q|Ó ÑgšÍe¨wU wePvi Kiyb|

1. L 2. K 3. K 4. K 5. K 6. L 7. M 8. K 9. K 10. K 11. L 12. K
13. L 14. K 15. M 16. L

GKwU Zzjmx Mv‡Qi Kvwnwb
ˆmq` IqvjxDjøvn&
f~wgKv
ˆmq` IqvjxDjøvn&i `yB Zxi I Ab¨vb¨ Mí (1965) msKjb †_‡K ÔGKwU Zzjmx Mv‡Qi KvwnwbÕ MíwU Pqb Kiv
n‡q‡Q| mxwgZ cwim‡i MfxiZi †Kv‡bv RxebmZ¨ cÖKv‡k IqvjxDjøvn&i †QvUMí wewkóZvi cwiPqevnx| †`k-
wefv‡Mi SvcUvq gvby‡li Rxeb Kxfv‡e wecbœ n‡q D‡VwQj, gvby‡li gv‡S Kxfv‡e cÖej n‡q D‡VwQj
m¤úª`vq‡PZbvÑ eÿ¨gvY M‡í Zv PgrKvi e¨Äbvq dz‡U D‡V‡Q| †m we‡ePbvq evsjv‡`‡ki BwZnv‡mi GKwU we‡kl
Aa¨v‡qi wkícÖwZgv wn‡m‡eB MÖnY Kiv hvq ÔGKwU Zzjmx Mv‡Qi KvwnwbÕ MíwU‡K|
mvaviY D‡Ïk¨
ˆmq` IqvjxDjøvn&i ÔGKwU Zzjmx Mv‡Qi KvwnwbÕ MíwU cvV K‡i AvcwbÑ
 ˆmq` IqvjxDjøvn&i †QvUM‡íi wkí‰ewkó¨ Av‡jvPbv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
 ÔGKwU Zzjmx Mv‡Qi KvwnwbÕ †QvUM‡íi wkí-mv_©KZv wePvi Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
 †`k-wefv‡Mi d‡j gvby‡li Rxeb Kxfv‡e wecbœ n‡q D‡VwQj Zvi cwiPq w`‡Z cvi‡eb|
 GKwU Zzjmx Mv‡Qi wecbœZvi iƒc‡K gvbe-fv‡Mï wecbœZvi iƒcKwPÎ e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
cvV-1
cvVwfwËK D‡Ïk¨
 DØv¯‘ gvby‡liv cwiZ¨³ evwoUv Kxfv‡e `Lj K‡i wbj, Zv eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
 cwiZ¨³ evwoi ivbœvN‡ii †cQ‡b Zzjmx-MvQ wb‡q `LjKvix‡ì bvbvgvwÎK g‡bvfve e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
 †`kwefvM gvby‡li Rxe‡b Kx fqsKi wecbœZv wb‡q Av‡m, Zv Av‡jvPbv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
g~jcvV
aby‡Ki g‡Zv euvKv Kswµ‡Ui cyjwUi c‡iB evwoUv| †`vZjv, DuPz Ges cÖKvÐ evwo| Z‡e iv¯Ív †_‡KB
mivmwi `Ðvqgvb| G‡`‡k dzUcvZ bvB e‡j evwoUviI GKUz Rwg Qvovi f`ªZvi evjvB bvB| Z‡e
†mUv wKš‘ evB‡ii †Pnviv| KviY, †cQ‡b A‡bK RvqMv| cÖ_gZ cÖk¯Í DVvb| Zvici cvqLvbv-‡MvmjLvbvi c‡i
Avg-Rvg-KuvVvj Mv‡Q fiv R½‡ji g‡Zv RvqMv| †mLv‡b Kov m~h©v‡jv‡K I m~h©v‡¯Íi ¤øvb AÜKvi Ges AvMvQvq
Ave„Z gvwU‡Z fvcmv MÜ|
AZ RvqMv hLb ZLb mvg‡b wKQz †Q‡o GKUv evMvb Ki‡j Kx †`vl n‡Zv?
†m-K_vB Giv fv‡e| we‡kl K‡i gwZb| Avi evMv‡bi eo kL, hwÌ AvR ch©šÍ Zv Kíbv‡ZB cyw®úZ n‡q‡Q| †m
fv‡e, GKUz Rwg †c‡j †m wb‡RB evMv‡bi g‡Zv K‡i wb‡Zv| hZœ K‡i jvMv‡Zv †gŠmywg dzj, MÜivR-eKzj-
nvmœv‡nbv, `y-Pvi‡U †MvjvcI| Zvici mÜ¨vi ci Avwcm wd‡i †mLv‡b em‡Zv| GKUz Avivg K‡i emevi R‡b¨ nvév
†e‡Zi †Pqvi bv K¨vbfv‡mi †WK‡PqviB wK‡b wb‡Zv| Zvici Mv †X‡j e‡m Mí-¸Re Ki‡Zv| AvgRv‡ì ûKvi
Af¨vm| evMv‡bi m¤§vb eRvq †i‡L †m bv nq GKUv gvbvbmB bjIqvjv my`„k¨ ¸o¸wo wK‡b wb‡Zv| Kv‡ì Mí-
†cÖwgK| dzidz‡i nvIqvq Zvi KÉ Kvwnwbgq n‡q DV‡Zv| wKsev cy®ú‡mŠi‡f gwì †R¨vrmœviv‡Z Mí bv Ki‡jB ev
Kx G‡m †h‡Zv? Ggwb‡Z †PvL ey‡R e‡mB bxi‡e mvÜ¨Kvjxb wmœ»Zv Dc‡fvM Ki‡Zv Zviv|
Avwcm †_‡K kªvšÍ n‡q wd‡i cÖvq iv¯Ív †_‡KB Po‡Z _vKv †`vZjvq hvevi wmuwo fvO‡Z fvO‡Z gwZ‡bi g‡b Rv‡M
Gme K_v|
evwoUv Zviv `Lj K‡i‡Q| Aek¨ jovB bv K‡iB Avgv‡ì mvgwiK kw³ Abygvb K‡i evwoi gvwjK †h c„ôcÖ`k©b
K‡iwQj, Zv bq| †`kf‡½i ûRy‡M G kn‡i G‡m Zviv †hgb †Zgb GKUv †Wivi mÜv‡b D`qv¯Í Nyi‡Q, ZLb
GKw`b †`L‡Z cvq evwoUv| mì ìRvq g¯Í Zvjv, wKš‘ mvgvb¨ ch©‡eÿ‡Yi ci eyS‡Z cv‡i evwo‡Z Rbgvbe bvB
Ges Zvi gvwjK †`kcjvZK| cwiZ¨³ evwo wPb‡Z †`wi nj bv| wKš‘ Ggb evwo cvIqv wbZvšÍ †mŠfv‡Mï K_v|
†mŠfv‡Mï AvKw¯§K Avwef©v‡e cÖ_‡g Zv‡ì g‡b fqB Dcw¯’Z nq| †m fq KvU‡Z †`wi nq bv| †mw`b mÜ¨vq Zviv
m`je‡j G‡m ìRvi Zvjv †f‡O î-‰i AvIqvR Zz‡j evwoUvq cÖ‡ek K‡i| Zv‡ì g‡a¨ ZLb êkv‡Li Avg-
Kzov‡bv wÿcÖ Db¥v`bv e‡j e¨vcviUv Zv‡ì Kv‡Q w`b-`ycy‡i WvKvwZi g‡Zv g‡b nq bv| †Kv‡bv Aciv‡ai †PZbv
hw` ev g‡b RvMvi cÖqvm cvq Zv weR‡qi Djøv‡m wb‡g‡l Zz‡jvay‡bv n‡q D‡o hvq|
ciw`b kn‡i LeiUv Qwo‡q co‡j AbvwkªZ‡ì AvMgb ïiæ nq| gv_vi Ici GKUv Qv` cvevi Avkvq Zviv `‡j-
`‡j Av‡m|
weR‡qi DjøvmUv †X‡K Giv e‡j, Kx †`L‡Qb? RvqMv bvB †Kv_vI| me N‡iB weQvbv c‡o‡Q| GB †h †QvU-NiwU,
Zv‡ZI Pvi-Pvi‡U weQvbv c‡o‡Q| GLb †Zv ïay weQvbv gvÎ| c‡i Q-dzU evB AvovB-dzU PviwU †PŠwK Ges `y-GKUv
†Pqvi-†Uwej G‡j cv †djvi RvqMv _vK‡e bv|
GKRb mg‡e`bvi K‡É e‡j,
Avcbv‡ì ZK&wjd Avgiv wK eywS bv? GKw`b Avgiv wK Kg Kó †c‡qwQ? Z‡e Avcbv‡ì Kcvj g›`! †mB n‡”Q
Avmj K_v|
hviv nZvk nq Zv‡ì gyL Kv‡jv n‡q I‡V mg‡e`bv fiv Dw³‡Z|
H NiUv?
wb‡Pi Zjvi iv¯Ívi av‡i Niv Aek¨ LvwjB g‡b nq|
Lvwj †`Lv‡jI Lvwj bq| fv‡jv K‡i †P‡q †`Lyb| †`qv‡ji cv‡k mZiwÄ‡Z euvav `ywU †ewWs| †kl RvqMvUvI `y-
NÈv nj A¨vKvD›Um Gi †gvUv eìæwÏb wb‡q wb‡q‡Q| kvjvi KvQ †_‡K weQvbvcËi Avb‡Z †M‡Q| kvjvI Avevi
Zvi GK †`v‡¯Íi evwoi eviv›`vi Av¯Ívb †M‡o‡Q| cwievi bv _vK‡j kvjvwUI G‡m nvwRi nZ|
†bnvZ Kcv‡ji K_v| Avevi GKR‡bi KÉ mg‡e`bvq LjLj K‡i I‡V| hw` NÈv `y‡qK Av‡M Avm‡Zb Z‡e
eìæwÏb‡K Kjv †`Lv‡Z cvi‡Zb| NiUvq †Zgb Av‡jv †bB e‡U wKš‘ †`Lyb Rvbvjvi cv‡kB miKvwi Av‡jv| iv‡Z
†Kv‡bvw`b B‡jKwUªwmwU †dj Ki‡j †m-Av‡jv‡ZB w`we¨ P‡j hv‡e|
ev wKíbZv hw` Ki‡Z Pvq-
Aek¨ G-me civnZ evwo-mÜvbx‡ì Kv‡b weler g‡b nq|
h_vmg‡q †eAvBwb evwo `L‡ji e¨vcviUv Z`viK Kivevi R‡b¨ cywjk Av‡m| †mUv ¯^vfvweK| †`‡kgq GKUv †Nvi
cwieZ©‡bi Av‡jvob e‡U wKš‘ †Kv_vI †h ixwZgZ g‡Mi gyjyK c‡o‡Q Zv bq| cywjk †`‡L Zviv fv‡e, cjvZK
M„nKZ©v wK evwo D×v‡ii R‡b¨ miKv‡ii Kv‡Q Av‡e`b K‡i‡Q? Z‡e †m-K_v wek¦vm nq bv `y-w`‡bi g‡a¨ evwoUv
Lvwj K‡i w`‡q †h †`k †_‡K DavI n‡q †M‡Q eZ©gv‡b Zvi Ab¨vb¨ Mfxi mgm¨vi K_v fveevi Av‡Q| m‡›`n _v‡K
bv †h, cywjk‡K Lei w`‡q‡Q ZvivB hviv mgq g‡Zv GLv‡b bv G‡m kn‡ii Ab¨ †Kv‡bv cÖv‡šÍ wbõjfv‡e evwo
`L‡ji wdwK‡i wQj| g›`fv‡Mï K_v gvbv hvq wKš‘ mZ¨ Kiv hvq bv| b¨vh¨ AwaKvi¯^Z¡ GK K_v, Ab¨v‡qi Ici
fvM¨ jvf Ab¨ K_v| wnsmvUv b¨vqm½Z-†Zv g‡b nq-B, KZ©e¨ e‡jI g‡b nq|
Giv iæ‡L ùvovq|

Avgiv `wi`ª †Kivwb gvbyl e‡U wKš‘ mevB fMÖ N‡ii †Q‡j| evwo `Lj K‡iwQ e‡U wKš‘ Rvbvjv-ìRv fvwO bvB, BU-
cv_i Lwm‡q †PvivevRv‡iI Pvjvb K‡i w`B bvB|
AvgivI AvBb-Kvbyb eywS| †K bvwjk K‡i‡Q? evwoIqvjv bq| Z‡e bvwjkUvI h_vh_ bq|
Kv‡ì †Kej KvZi ie †Zv‡j| hv‡ev †Kv_vq? kL K‡i wK GLv‡b G‡m D‡VwQ? m`je‡j mve Bb‡¯ú±i wd‡i wM‡q
bv-nK bv †enK bv-fv‡jv bv-g›` †Mv‡Qi †Nvi-†Nviv‡jv wi‡cvU© †`q hvi gg©v_© D×v‡ii f‡qB nq‡Zv IciIqvjv Zv
dvBj Pvcv †`q †kªq g‡b K‡i| A_ev eyS‡Z cv‡i, GB ûRy‡Mi mgq Ab¨vqfv‡e evwo `L‡ji wel‡q miKvwi
AvBbUv †hb †Zgb cwi®‹vi †evSv hv‡”Q bv|
Kv‡ì †PvL wU‡c e‡j, mZ¨ K_v ej‡Z †`vl Kx? mve-Bb‡¯ú±‡ii wØZxq eD Avgvi GK iKg AvZ¥xqv| e‡jv bv
KvD‡K wKš‘|
K_vUv Aek¨ Kv‡iviB wek¦vm nq bv| Z‡e AmZ¨wUi †Mvovq †h †Kej GKUv wbg©j Avb‡›ì DmKvwb, Zv ey‡S
Kv‡ì‡K ÿgv Ki‡Z wØav nq bv|
Drdzjø K‡É †KD cÖ¯Íve K‡i, Kx †n, Pv-wgwóUv n‡q hvK|
ivZvivwZ miMig n‡q I‡V cÖKvÐ evwoUv| Av¯Ívbv GKwU †c‡q‡Q Ges †m Av¯ÍvbvwU †KD nvZ †_‡K †K‡o wb‡Z
cvi‡e bv| Ñïay G wek¦vmB Zvi KviY bq| †Lvjv-†gjv SiS‡i ZKZ‡K G evwo Zv‡ì g‡a¨ GKUv bZzb Rxeb-
mÂvi K‡i‡Q †hb| G‡ì A‡b‡KB KjKvZvq eøKg¨vb †jb-G Lvjvwm cwÆ‡Z, êVKLvbvq `dZwi‡ì cvovq ˆmq`
mv‡jn †jbÑG ZvgvK eëmvqx‡ì m‡½ ev Kgiæ Lvbmvgv †jbÑ G AK_¨ `yM©Ü †bvsivi g‡a¨ w`b KvwU‡q‡Qb|
Zzjbvq G evwoi eo eo Kvgiv, bxjKzwV `vjv‡bi d¨vkv‡b g¯Í Rvbvjv, †Lvjv‡gjv DVvb, Av‡iv †cQ‡b ebR½‡ji
g‡Zv Avg-Rvg-KuvVv‡ji evMvb-Gme GKwU wfbœ `ywbqv †hb| Giv jvU‡ejv‡Ui g‡Zv GK Lvbv Ni `Lj K‡i bvB
mZ¨, Zey GZ Av‡jv evZvm KL‡bv Zviv Dc‡fvM K‡i bvB| Zv‡ì Rxe‡b meyR Z…Y MRv‡e agbx‡Z mej m‡ZR
i³ Avm‡e, nvRvi-`ynvRvi Iqvjv‡ì g‡Zv gy‡L ab-¯^v‡¯’ï †RŠjym Avm‡e, †`nI g¨v‡jwiqv-KvjvR¡i-ÿq
e¨vwagy³ n‡e| †ivMvcU&Kv BDbym BwZg‡a¨ Zvi ¯^v‡¯’ï cwieZ©b †`L‡Z cvq| †m _vK‡Zv g¨vKwjIW w÷ª‡U|
MwjUv †hb mKvj‡ejvi AveR©bv fiv Wv÷web| †m Mwj‡ZB boe‡o ai‡bi GKUv Kv‡Vi †`vZjv evwo‡Z ivbœvN‡ii
cv‡k mu¨vr‡m‡Z GKwU Kvgivq K”Q‡`kxq Pvgov eëmvqx‡ì m‡½ Pvi eQi †m evm K‡i‡Q| cvovwU Pvgovi DrKU
M‡Ü me©ÿY Ggb ficyi n‡q _vK‡Zv †h iv¯Ívi †Wª‡bi cPv `yM©Ü bv‡K †cuŠQ‡Zv bv, N‡ii †Kv‡Y Bu`yi †eovj g‡i
c‡P _vK‡jI Zvi Lie cvIqv `y®‹i wQj| BDby‡mi R¡iR¡vwi †j‡MB _vK‡Zv, †_‡K †_‡K †kliv‡Z Kvwki agK
DV‡Zv| Zey cvovwU Qv‡o wb GK Kvi‡Y| †K Zv‡K e‡jwQj, Pvgovi MÜ bvwK h²vi RxevYy aŸsm K‡i| `yM©ÜUv
ZvB †m A¤øvbe`‡b mn¨ †Zv Ki‡ZvB, mgq mgq Avwcm †_‡K wd‡i Rvbvjvi cv‡k ùvwo‡q cv‡ki evwoi wbwQ`ª
†`qv‡ji w`‡K ZvwK‡q eyKf‡i wbk¦vm wb‡Zv| Zv‡Z Aek¨ Zvi ¯^v‡¯’ï †Kv‡bv DbœwZ †`Lv hvq bvB|
Lvbv`vbv bv n‡j evwo miMig nq bv| ZvB GK mßvn a‡i gyNjvB Kvq`vq Zviv Lvbv`vbv K‡i| ivbœvi e¨vcv‡i
mK‡jB ¸ß †KivgwZ cÖKvk cvq mnmv| bvwbi nv‡Z †kLv we‡kl wcVv ˆZwii †KŠkjwU †kl ch©šÍ AL¨v`¨ e¯‘‡Z
cwiYZ n‡jI Zvwid cÖksmvq Zv gyL‡ivPK n‡q D‡V| Mv‡bi AvmiI e‡m †Kvb †Kvb mÜ¨vq| nvweeyjøvn †Kv‡Ì‡K
GKUv †emy‡iv nvigvwbqvg wb‡q G‡m Zvi mvnv‡h¨ wb‡Ri Mjvi ewjôZvi Ici fi K‡i wbkxZ ivZ ch©šÍ GKwU
Ae³e¨ m½xZmgm¨v m„wó K‡i|
G mg‡q GKw`b DVv‡bvi cÖv‡šÍ ivbœvN‡ii †cQ‡b †PŠ‡KvYv Ava nvZ DuPz B‡Ui ˆZwi †KwU g‡Âi Ici Zzjmx MvQwU
Zv‡ì `„wóMZ nq|
†mw`b †iveevi mKvj| wb‡gi Wvj w‡q †g‡QvqvK Ki‡Z Ki‡Z †`vmv‡eŸi DVvb cvqPvwi KiwQj, nVvr †m Zvi¯^‡i
AvZ©bv` K‡i I‡V| †jvKwU Ggwb‡ZB ûRy‡M gvbyl| mvgvb¨ K_v‡ZB cÖvY-kxZj-Kiv îÑ î AvIqvR †Zvjvi
Af¨vm Zvi| Zey †m AvIqvR D‡cÿv Kiv mnR bq| kxNÖB †KD †KD Qz‡U Av‡m DVv‡b|
Kx e¨vcvi?
†PvL Ly‡j †`L|
Kx? Kx †`L‡ev?
mvc‡Lvc †`L‡e Avkv K‡iwQj e‡j cÖ_g Zzjmx MvQUv bR‡i b‡o bv Zv‡ì| †`L‡Qv bv? Ggb †eKvq`v Avmbvaxb
Zzjmx MvQUv †`L‡Z cv‡”Qv bv? Dc‡o †dj‡Z n‡e IUv| Avgiv hLb G evwo‡Z G‡m D‡VwQ ZLb GLv‡b †Kvb
wn›`qvwbi wPý Avi mn¨ Kiv n‡e bv|
GKUz nZvk n‡q Zviv Zzjmx MvQwUi w`‡K ZvKvq| MvQwU †Kgb †hb g‡i Av‡Q| Mvp meyR i‡Oi cvZvq L‡qwi is
a‡i‡Q| wb‡P AvMvQvI MwR‡q‡Q| nq‡Zv eûw`b Zv‡Z cvwb c‡owb|
Kx †`L‡Qv? †gv`v‡eŸi û¼vi w`‡q I‡V| ejwQ bv, Dc‡o †dj!
Giv †Kgb ¯Í× n‡q hvq| AvKw¯§K G Avwe®‹v‡i Zviv †hb wKQzUv nZf¤^ n‡q c‡o‡Q| †h evwo GZ k~b¨ g‡b
n‡qwQj, Qv‡` hvIqvi wmuwoi †`qv‡j KvUv nv‡Z †jLv K-Uv bvg _vKv m‡Ë¡I †h evwoUv Ggb †eIqvwik †V‡KwQj,
†mevwoi †Pnviv †hb nVvr e`‡j †M‡Q| AvPgKv aiv c‡o wM‡q ï®‹cÖvq g„ZcÖvq bMY¨ Zzjmx MvQwU nVvr †m evwoi
A›`‡ii K_v cÖKvk K‡i‡Q †hb|
fve‡Qv Kx AZ? Dc‡o †d‡jv ejwQ!
†KD b‡o bv| wn›`y ixwZbxwZ G‡ì †Zgb fv‡jv K‡i Rvbv bvB| ZeyI †Kv_vI ï‡b‡Q †h, wn›`yevwo‡Z cÖwZ w`bv‡šÍ
M„nKÎx© Zzjmx Mv‡Qi Z‡j mÜ¨v cÖ`xc R¡vjvq, Mjvq AuvPj w`‡q cÖYvg Ki| AvR †h Zzjmx Mv‡Qi Z‡j MwR‡q
D‡V‡Q, †m cwiZ¨³ Zzjmx Mv‡Qi Z‡jI cÖwZmÜ¨vq †KD cÖ`xc w`‡Zv| AvKv‡k hLb mÜ¨vZviv ewjô GKvwK‡Z¡
D¾¡j n‡q DV‡Zv, ZLb Nbvqgvb Qvqvi g‡a¨ AvbZ wmu`y‡ii bxie i³v³ ¯ú‡k© GKUv kvšÍ -kxZj cÖ`xc R¡‡j
DV‡Zv cÖwZw`b| N‡i `yw`©‡bi So G‡m‡Q, nq‡Zv Kv‡iv Rxeb cÖ`xb wb‡f †M‡Q, Avevi nvwm-Avb‡›ì †dvqvivI
Qz‡U‡Q myL-mg‡q, wKš‘ G cÖ`xc †Ìqv Abyôvb GKw`‡bi RbÏ eÜ _v‡K bvB|
wbe©vwPZ k‡ãi A_© I UxKv

AbvwkÖZÑ hv‡ì †Kv‡bv AvkÖq †bB, AvkÖqnxb| D`qv¯ÍÑ mKvj-mÜ¨v| K”Q‡`kxqÑ ¸Riv‡Ui DË‡i Aew¯’Z
mgy`Z
ª xieZ©x AÂj| Kswµ‡Ui cyjÑ Pzb-evwj-wm‡g›U I Pzbvcv_‡ii wgkÖ‡Y ˆZwi cvKv †mZz| K¨vbfvmÑ gReyZ
†gvUv Kvco we‡kl| ¸o¸woÑ Avj‡evjv, `xN© bjwewkó ûKvwe‡kl| †WK‡PqviÑ N‡ii evB‡i eënv‡ii Rb¨ KvV
ev avZe KvVv‡gvi Dci K¨vbfvm w`‡q ˆZwi Avmb| ZK&wjdÑ `ytL, Kó, `y‡f©vM| Zz‡jv-ay‡bvÑ wQbœ-wew”Qbœ|
†`kfv‡Mi ûRyMÑ 1947 mv‡j fviZ wefw³i Av‡eMekZ| bv-nKÑ b¨vqm½Z bq Ggb| bv-†enKÑ Ab¨vq bq
Ggb| civnZÑ e¨vnZ, civwRZ| cy®ú‡mŠi‡fÑ dz‡ji M‡Ü| cyw®úZÑ KzmywgZ, cy®úhy³, dzj a‡i‡Q Ggb; GLv‡b
Kíbvq iƒc †c‡q‡Q A‡_© eëüZ| c„ôcÖ`k©bÑ cvwj‡q hvIqv| cÖk¯ÍÑ we¯Í…Z, eo| wdwKiÑ dw›`, gZje|
†eIqvwikÑ AwffveKnxb, `vwe`vi †bB Ggb| gwìÑ gËZv ev AvKl©Y m„wó K‡i Ggb| gg©v_©Ñ Avmj A_©, g~j
K_v| †g‡QvqvKÑ ùvZ gvRv| jvU‡ejvUÑ Mfb©i ev Abyiƒc m¤£všÍ e¨w³eM©| miMigÑ ¸jRvi, cwic~Y©, RgRgvU|
mvims‡ÿc
1947 mv‡j †`kwefv‡Mi AeëwnZ c‡i c~e©e‡½i †Kv‡bv GKwU kn‡i GKwU cwiZ¨³ evwo `Lj K‡i KjKvZv
†_‡K cvwj‡q Avmv K‡qKRb DØv¯‘ gymwjg Kg©Pvwi| KjKvZvi wNwÄ GjvKvq †Kv‡bv iK‡g Zviv `ywe©ln Rxeb
hvcb KiZ| KjKvZvi Zzjbvq Zv‡ì `Lj Kiv evwoUv A‡bK eo I †Lvjv‡gjv| `yw`©‡b `Lj K‡i †bIqv GB
evwoUv DØv¯‘ gvbyl‡ì Kv‡Q †e‡nk&Z e‡j g‡b nj| nVvr GKw`b Zviv Avwe®‹vi Kij evwoi DVv‡bi GK †Kv‡Y
GKUv Zzjmx MvQ| MvQUv‡K Zv‡ì fv‡jv e‡j g‡b n‡jv bv| MvQUv †hb hviv evwo †Q‡o P‡j †M‡Q Zv‡ì
Aw¯Í‡Z¡i Rvbvb w`‡”Q| ZvB Zviv MvQUv‡K Dc‡o †dj‡Z PvBj| wKš‘ MvQUv Dc‡o †dj‡Z Zv‡ì wØavI RvMÖZ
nq Ges Gfv‡e MvQUv mvgwqK †eu‡P hvq|

1. †gv`v‡eŸi †Kv_vq cvqPvwi KiwQj?
K. R½‡j L. DVv‡b
M. Zzjwm Mv‡Qi Zjvq N. mgy`ª ZxieZ©x ¯’v‡b
2. Ôw`‡b `ycy‡i WvKvwZÕ ej‡Z †evSv‡bv n‡q‡QÑ
K. cÖKvk¨ cÖZviYv K. duvwK †Ìqv
M. Zje Kiv N. civwRZ nIqv
Hkxi †g‡nw` civi kL _vK‡jI ci‡Z cv‡i bv `v`yi f‡q| wZwb g‡b K‡ib †g‡nw` gymjgv‡biv c‡i| GB
gymjgvb‡ì Rb¨B Zv‡ì c~e©cyiæ‡li wf‡UgvwU †Q‡o fvi‡Z P‡j Avm‡Z n‡q‡Q| ZvB gymjgvb‡ì ms¯‹…wZ wZwb
mn¨ Ki‡Z cv‡ib bv|
3. DÏxc‡Ki `v`yi PwiÎwU ÔGKwU Zzjmx Mv‡Qi KvwnwbÕ M‡íi †Kvb& Pwi‡Îi Abyiƒc?
K. Gbv‡qZ L. BDmyd
M. †gv`v‡eŸi N. gKmy`
4. ÔGKwU Zzjmx Mv‡Qi KvwnwbÕ I DÏxcK Abymv‡i c~e©cyiæ‡li wf‡UgvwU †Q‡o Avmvi KviY n‡”QÑ
i. mv¤úª`vwqK we‡Øl
ii. hy×
iii. †kÖwYØ›Ø
K. i L. ii
M. iii N. i I ii
cvV-2
cvVwfwËK D‡Ïk¨
 Zzjmx MvQwUi cwiYwZ e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z ci‡eb|
 †`kwefv‡Mi d‡j gvby‡li Rxe‡b †h wecbœZv †b‡g G‡mwQj, Zzjmx Mv‡Qi wecbœZvi iƒc‡K Zv e¨vL¨v
Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
 ÔGKwU Zzjmx Mv‡Qi KvwnwbÕ M‡íi bvgKi‡Yi mv_©KZv wePvi Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

g~jcvV
†hÑM„nKÎx© eQ‡ii ci eQi G Zzjmx Mv‡Qi Z‡j cÖ`xc w`‡q‡Q †m AvR †Kv_vq? gwZb GK mg‡q
†ijI‡q‡Z KvR Ki‡Zv| AKvi‡Y Zvi †Pv‡Li mvg‡b wewfbœ †ijI‡q-cwÆi Qwe †f‡m I‡V| fv‡e,
nq‡Zv Avmvb‡mvj, ê`ëvwU, wjjyqv ev nvIovq †ijI‡q cwÆ‡Z †m gwnjv †Kvb AvZ¥x‡qi N‡i Avkªq wb‡q‡Q|
wekvj Bqv‡W©i cv‡k †iv‡` ï‡Kv‡ZÑ _vKv jvj cv‡oi GKwU gm„Y Kv‡jv kvwo †m †hb †`L‡Z cvq| nq‡Zv †m
kvwowU M„nKÎx©iB| †Kgb welYœfv‡e †m kvwowU †`v‡j ¯^í nIqvq| A_ev gwnjvwU †Kv‡bv PjwZ †Uª‡bi Rvbvjvi
cv‡k †hb e‡m| Zvi `„wó evB‡ii w`‡K| †m `„wó †Luv‡R wKQz `~‡i, w`M‡šÍi Icv‡i| nq‡Zv Zvi hvÎv GL‡bv †kl nq
bvB| wKš‘ †hLv‡bB †m _vKzK Ges Zvi hvÎv GL‡bv †kl n‡q‡Q wK nq bvB, AvKv‡k hLb w`bv‡šÍi Qvqv Nwb‡q I‡V
ZLb cÖwZw`b G Zzjmx Zjvi K_v g‡b nq e‡j Zvi †PvL nq‡Zv QjQj K‡i I‡V|
MZKvj †_‡K BDby‡mi mw`©-mw`© fve| †m e‡j,
_vK bv IUv| Avgiv †Zv Zv c~Rv Ki‡Z hvw”Q bv| eiÂ N‡i Zzjmx MvQ _vKv fv‡jv| mw`©-K‡d Zvi cvZvi im
eoB DcKvix|
†gv`v‡eŸi Ab¨‡ì w`‡K ZvKvq| g‡b nq, meviB †h ZvB gZ| MvQwU Dcov‡bvi R‡b¨ K‡iv nvZ GwM‡q Av‡m bv|
I‡ì g‡a¨ Gbv‡qZ GKUz †gŠjwf ai‡bi gvbyl| gy‡L `vwo, cuvP Iqv³ bvgvhI Av‡Q, mKv‡j wbqwgZ fv‡e
KziAvb-†ZjvIqvZ K‡i| †m ch©šÍ Pzc| cÖwZ mÜ¨vq M„nKÎxi mRj †Pv‡Li `„k¨wU Zvi g‡bI Rv‡M wK?
AÿZ †`‡n Zzjmx MvQwU weivR Ki‡Z _v‡K|
Z‡e G‡ì nvZ †_‡K †invB †c‡jI Giv †h Zvi m¤^‡Ü ci gyn~‡Z©B Am‡PZbvq wbgw¾Z nq Zv bq| eiÂ †Kgb
GKUv `yej © Zvi fve, KZ©‡eï m¤§y‡L wcQ-cv n‡j †hgb GKUv A¯^”Q›`Zv Av‡m †Zgb GKUv A¯^”Q›`Zv Zv‡ì g‡b
†R‡M _v‡K| ZviB d‡j †mw`b mvÜ¨ AvWWvq ZK© I‡V| Zviv evKweZÐvi †mªv‡Z g‡bi †m `ye©jZv A¯^”Q›`Zv
fvwm‡q w`‡Z Pvq †hb| Avi Ab¨vb¨ w`‡bi g‡Zv ivóª‰bwZK-A_©‰bwZK Av‡jvPbvi e`‡j mv¤cÖ`vwqKZvB Zv‡ì
cÖavb welqe¯‘ n‡q I‡V|
-IivB †Zv mewKQzi g~‡j, †gv`v‡eŸi e‡j| Dj½ evje&ÑGi Av‡jvq Zvi mh‡Zœ †g‡QvqvK Kiv ùvZ SKSK K‡i|
Zv‡ì bxPZv nxbZv †Muvovwgi R‡b¨B †Zv †`kUv fvM n‡jv|
K_vUv bZzb bq| Zey AvR †m Dw³‡Z bZzb GKUv SuvS| Zvi mg_©‡b Gevi wn›`y‡ì AwePvi-AZ¨vPv‡ii A‡kl
`„óvšÍ †ck Kiv nq| Aí mg‡qi g‡a¨ G‡ì i³ Mig n‡q I‡V, k¦vm-cÖk¦vm msKxY© n‡q Av‡m|
`‡ji g‡a¨ evgcš’x ej ¯^xK…Z gKmy` cÖwZev` K‡i| e‡j, eo evovevwo n”Q bv Kx? †gv`v‡eŸ‡ii SKS‡K ùvZ
wSwjK w`‡q I‡V|
evovevwo gv‡b?
evgcš’x gKmy` AvR GKv| ZvB nq‡Zv Zvi wek¦v‡mi KuvUv b‡o| msk‡q `y‡j `y‡j KuvUvwU Wvb w`‡K †n‡j †_‡g
hvq|
K‡qKw`b c‡i ivbœvN‡ii cvk w`‡q hvevi mgq Zzjmx MvQUv †gv`v‡eŸ‡ii bR‡i c‡o| †m GKUz wew¯§Z bv n‡q
cv‡i bv| Zvi d‡j †h AvMvQv R‡b¥wQj †m AvMvQv A`„k¨ n‡q †M‡Q| ïay ZvB bq| †h Mvp meyR cvZv¸wj cvwbi
Afv‡e ïwK‡q L‡qwi is a‡iwQj, †m cvZv¸wj †Kgb m‡ZR n‡q D‡V‡Q| m‡›`n _v‡K bv †h Zzjmx MvQwUi hZœ
wb‡”Q †KD| †LvjvLywjfv‡e bv n‡jI jywK‡q jywK‡q Zvi †Mvovq †KD cvwb w`‡”Q| †gv`v‡eŸ‡ii nv‡Z ZLb GKwU
KwÂ| †mwU muv K‡i KPzKvUvi Kvq`vq †m Zzjmx Mv‡Qi Ici w`‡q Pvwj‡q †`q| wKš‘ Ici w`‡qB| ZzjmxMvQwU
AÿZ †`‡nB _v‡K|
Aek¨ Zzjmx Mv‡Qi K_v †KD D‡jøL K‡i bv| BDby‡mi mw`©-mw`© fveUv ciw`b †K‡U wM‡qwQj| Zzjmx cvZvi i‡mi
cÖ‡qvRb nq bvB Zvi|
Zviv †f‡ewQj g¨vKwjIW w÷ªU Lvbmvgv †jb eøKg¨v‡bi Rxeb mwZ¨B †cQ‡b †d‡j G‡m cÖPzi Av‡jv nIqvi g‡a¨
bZzb Rxeb ïiæ K‡i‡Q| wKš‘ Zv‡ì fyjUv fvO‡Z †`wi nq bv| Z‡e ïay ZZLvwbB †`wi nq hZLvwb ìKvi, †m
wek¦vm `„p cÖgvwYZ nevi R‡b¨| d‡j AvPw¤^Z AvNvZUv cÖ_‡g wbìæYB g‡b nq|
†mw`b Zviv Avwcm †_‡K mivmwi evwo wd‡i mKv‡ji cwiKíbv †gvZv‡eK wLPzwo ivbœvi Av‡qvRb ïiæ K‡i‡Q Ggb
Gmgq evB‡i wmuwo‡Z fvwi RyZvi gPgP AvIqvR †kvbv hvq| evB‡i GKevi DuwK w`‡q †gv`v‡eŸi wÿcÖc‡` †fZ‡i
Av‡m|
cywjk G‡m‡Q Avevi| †m wdmwdm K‡i e‡j|

cywjk? Avevi †Kb cywjk? BDbym fv‡e, nq‡Zv iv¯Ív †_‡K Qu¨vPov †Pvi cvwj‡q G‡m evwo‡Z Xy‡K‡Q Ges ZviB
mÜv‡b cywj‡ki AvMgb n‡q‡Q| K_vUv g‡b n‡ZB wb‡Ri Kv‡QB Zv Li‡Mv‡ki M‡íi g‡Zv †V‡K| wkKvwii mvg‡b
Avi cvjvevi c_ bv †c‡q nVvr †PvL ey‡S e‡m c‡o Li‡Mvk fv‡e, †KD Zv‡K Avi †`L‡Z cv‡”Q bv| Avm‡j
ZvivB wK †Pvi bq? me †R‡bI ZvivB wK mZ¨ K_vUv ¯^xKvi bv K‡i G evwo‡Z GKwU Awek¦vm¨ g‡bvig Rxeb m„wó
K‡i‡Q wb‡R‡ì Rb¨?
cywjk `‡ji †bZv mv‡ewK Avg‡ji gvbyl| n¨vU eM‡j †P‡c ZLb †m `vM-cov Kcvj †_‡K Nvg gyQ‡Q| †Kgb
GKUv wbixn fve| Zvi cðv‡Z e›`yKavix K‡b÷ej `ywU‡KI g¯Í †Muvd _vKv m‡Ë¡I wbixn g‡b nq| Zv‡ì `„wó
Ic‡ii w`‡K| Zviv †hb KwoKvV †Mv‡Y| Ic‡ii wSwjwgwji †Lv‡c GK‡Rvov KeyZi evmv †eu‡a‡Q| nq‡Zv †m
KeyZi `ywU‡KB †`‡L †P‡q| nv‡Z e›`yK _vK‡j wbixn gvby‡liI `„wó c‡o cï-cÿxi w`‡K|
mweb‡q gwZb cÖkœ K‡i, Kv‡K ìKvi?
Avcbv‡ì mevB‡K| cywjk‡ì †bZv GKUz LbL‡b Mjvq SU K‡i DËi †`q| Avcbviv †eAvBbxfv‡e G evwoUv Kâv
K‡i‡Qb|
K_vUv bv †g‡b Dcvq bvB| Iiv cÖwZev` bv K‡i mij †Pv‡L mvgvb¨ †KŠZznj RvwM‡q cywjk‡ì †bZvi w`‡K †P‡q
_v‡K|
PweŸk N›Uvi g‡a¨ evwo Qvo‡Z n‡e| miKv‡ii ûKzg|
Giv bxi‡e gyL PvIqv-PvIwq K‡i| Ae‡k‡l †gv`v‡eŸi Mjv mvd K‡i cÖkœ K‡i, †Kb, evwoIqvjv bvwjk K‡i‡Q
bvwK?
A¨vKvD›Um Avwc‡mi †gvUv eìæwÏb Mjv evwo‡q K‡b÷ej `ywUi †cQ‡b GKevi ZvwK‡q †`‡L evwoIqvjvi mÜv‡b|
†mLv‡b †KD †bB| Z‡e iv¯Ívq wKQz †jvK R‡ov n‡q‡Q| A‡bï Acgvb †`Lvi †bkv eo †bkv|
†Kv_vq evwoIqvjv? bv †n‡mB Mjvq nvwm †Zv‡j cywjk `‡ji †bZv|
G‡ì GKRbI †n‡m I‡V| GKUv Avkvi mÂvi nq †hb|
Z‡e?
Mfb©‡g›U evwoUv wiKzBRkb K‡i‡Q|
Gevi nvwm Rv‡M bv| e¯‘Z A‡bKÿY †hb Kv‡iv gy‡L †Kv‡bv K_v m‡i bv| Zvici gKmy` Mjv evovq| Avgiv wK
Mfb©‡g‡›Ui †jvK bB?
Gevi K‡b÷ej `ywUi `„wóI KeyZi KwoKvV †Q‡o gKmy‡ì cÖwZ wbwÿß nq|
Zv‡ì `„wó‡Z mvgvb¨ we¯§‡qi fve| gvby‡li wbe©yw×Zvq GL‡bv Zviv PgwKZ nq|
Zvici cÖKvÐ †m evwo‡Z Ach©vß Av‡jvevZvm _vK‡jI GKUv Mfxi Qvqv †b‡e Av‡m| cÖ_‡g Aek¨ Zv‡ì gv_vq
Lyb P‡o| bvbviKg we‡`ªvnx †NvlYv †kvbv hvq| Zviv hv‡e bv †Kv_vI, N‡ii LywU a‡i c‡o _vK‡e; hv‡e †Zv jvk
n‡q hv‡e| Z‡e gv_v kxZj n‡e †`wi nq bv| ZLb Mfxi Qvqv †b‡e Av‡m me©Î| †Kv_vq hv‡e Zviv?
ciw`b †gv`v‡eŸi hLb G‡m e‡j Zv‡ì †gqv` PweŸk NÈv †_‡K mvZw`b n‡q‡Q ZLb Zviv GKUv Mfxi ¯^w¯Íi
wbk¦vm Qvo‡jI †mÑNb QvqvUv wbweo n‡qB _v‡K| Gevi †gv`v‡eŸi cywjk mve-Bb‡¯ú±‡ii wØZxq ¯¿xi m‡½ Zvi
AvZ¥xqZvi K_v e‡j bv| Zey bv ejv K_vUv mevB †g‡b †bq|
Zvici `kg w`‡b Zviv mèje‡j evwo Z¨vM K‡i P‡j hvq| †hgwb S‡oi g‡Zv G‡mwQj, †Zgwb S‡oi g‡ZvB
DavI n‡q hvq| k~b¨ evwo‡Z Zv‡ì mvgwqK emev‡mi wPý¯îƒc GLv‡b-†mLv‡b wQwU‡q _v‡K Lei KvM‡Ri †Quov
cvZv, Kvco †Svjvevi GKUv cy‡ivb `wo, wewo-wmMv‡i‡Ui UzK‡iv, GKUv †Quov Ry‡Zvi †Mvovwj|
DVv‡bvi †k‡l Zzjmx MvQUv Avevi ïwK‡q D‡V‡Q| Zvi cvZvq L‡qwi is| †mw`b cywjk Avmvi ci †_‡K †KD Zvi
†Mvovq cvwb †`q wb| †mw`b †_‡K M„nKÎx©i QjQj †Pv‡Li K_vI Avi Kv‡iv g‡b c‡o wb|
†Kb c‡owb †m K_v Zzjmx Mv‡Qi Rvbevi K_v bq, gvby‡liB Rvbevi K_v|
AvPw¤^ZÑ nVvr, AvKw¯§K| BqvW©Ñ †÷kbmsjMœ PZ¡i| Kjv †`Lv‡bvÑ Avj¼vwiK A‡_© eënvi, GLv‡b duvwK †Ìqv
A‡_©| KwoKvVÑ Qv‡ì Zjvq †Ìqv AvovAvwo j¤^v KvV| w`bv‡šÍiÑ w`b †k‡li, mÜ¨v‡ejvi| w`‡b `ycy‡i WvKvwZÑ
cÖKv‡k¨ cÖZviYv I wg_¨vPvi; WvKvwZi g‡Zv `ytmvnwmK KvR| evgcš’xÑ mvgëv`x, cÖMwZkxj ivR‰bwZK `‡ji
Abymvix| f`ªZvi evjvBÑ mvaviY †mŠRb¨‡eva| †gvZv‡eKÑ Abymv‡i, Abyhvqx| mv¤úª`vwqKZvÑ m¤úª`vqMZ
¯^v_©‡PZbv I wµqvKvÐ| wiKzBwRkbÑ †Kv‡bv wKQz †P‡q wjwLZ digv‡qk, Zje Kiv| n¨vUÑ Uzwc|
mvims‡ÿc
Zzjmx MvQUv wb‡q DØv¯Íz gvbyl‡ì †KŠZ~n‡ji †kl †bB| †KD MvQU‡K Dcov‡bvi K_v e‡j‡Q, †KDev euvwP‡q
ivL‡Z †P‡q‡Q MvQUv‡K| nVvr jÿ Kiv †Mj, mK‡ji ARv‡šÍ †KD GKRb MvQUvi cwiPh©v Ki‡Z Avi¤¢ K‡i‡Q|
wKQzw`b ci miKv‡ii wb‡`©‡k †eAvBbx `Lj`vi‡ì nvZ †_‡K evwoUv‡K D×vi Kij cywjkÑ DØv¯‘ gvbyl‡ì Kiv
nj D‡”Q`| Rbgvbenxb k~b¨ evwoUv‡Z iBj †Kej Gw`K †mw`K Qov‡bv cwiZ¨³ AveR©bv, Avi †mB Zzjmx
MvQUv| †h ivR‰bwZK loh‡š¿i wkKvi n‡q‡Q AmsL¨ gvby‡li kvšÍ Rxeb, Zzjmx MvQUvI †h ZviB wkKviÑ
Amnvq †evev MvQUv Zv Rvb‡e Kx K‡i!

5. Zzjmx MvQwU‡Z eûw`b cvwb c‡owb †Kb?
K. Abve„wói Kvi‡Y L. wb‡lavÁv _vKvq
M. wn›`yqvwbi wPý e‡j N. gvwjK bv _vKvq
6. Ôevgcš’xÕ ej‡Z †evSvqÑ
K. wbe©yw×Zv L. mvgëv`x
M. cÖwZev`x M. mv¤úª`vwqKZv
Zv bqZ wK nB‡eb? evsjv ˆn‡j †Zv me wn›`y ˆnqv †Mj, G me †Zv Gbv‡ì Rb¨B| GbvivB Avgv‡Mv
QvIqvj‡ì gv_v weMivBqv w`‡Q|
7. DÏxcKwU ÔGKwU Zzjmx Mv‡Qi KvwnwbÕ M‡íi †Kvb ev‡Kï m‡½ mv`„k¨c~Y©?
K. Zv‡ì bxPZv nxbZv †Muvovwgi R‡b¨B †Zv †`kUv fvM n‡jv|
L. wn›`y ixwZbxwZ G‡ì †Zgb fvj K‡i Rvbv bvB|
M. Avgiv †Zv Zv c~Rv Ki‡Z hvw”Q bv|
N. AÿZ †`‡n Zzjmx MvQwU weivR Ki‡Z _v‡K|
8. DÏxcK I ÔGKwU Zzjmx Mv‡Qi KvwnwbÕ M‡í cÖKvwkZ n‡q‡QÑ
K. AwePvi-AZ¨vPvi L. mv¤úª`vwqKZv
M. m½xZmgm¨v N. AwaKvi¯^Z¡
P~ovšÍ g~j¨vqb
9. mve-Bb‡¯ú±‡ii wØZxq eD Kvi GK iK‡gi AvZ¥xq?
K. †gv`v‡eŸi L. Kv‡ì
M. Gbv‡qZ N. eìæwÏb
10. DØv¯‘ gvbyl‡K `LjK…Z evwo Qvo‡Z n‡q‡Q †h Kvi‡YÑ

K. gvwjK wd‡i Avmvq L. Mfb©‡g›U wiKzBwRkb Kivq
M. Ab¨ `LjKvix P‡j Avmvq N. wn›`y evwo nIqvi Kvi‡Y
1971 mv‡j cvK-nvbv`vi evwnbxi Avµg‡Yi gy‡L Aw`ª evev-gv‡qi m‡½ fvi‡Zi kiYv_x© wkwe‡i Avkªq †bq|
†mLv‡b Zvi g‡b c‡o wbR MÖv‡gi K_v| MÖv‡g Zvi GKwU †Mvjv‡ci evMvb wQj| eo hZœ KiZ| hy‡×i bqwU gvm †m
fvi‡Z KvwU‡q‡Q MÖv‡g †divi AvKzjZv wb‡q|
11. DÏxc‡Ki ÔAw`ªÕ ÔGKwU Zzjmx Mv‡Qi KvwnwbÕ M‡í †Kvb Pwi‡Î dz‡U D‡V‡Q?
K. eìæwÏb L. †gv`v‡eŸi
M. gwZb N. BDbym
12. DÏxcK I ÔGKwU Zzjmx Mv‡Qi KvwnwbÕ M‡í gvby‡li msKUÑ
K. Aw¯ÍZ¡ msKU L. `ywf©ÿ
M. weËevmbv N. Avw_©K msKU
†mvnive Avwj †ckvq GKRb ¯‹zj wkÿK wQ‡jb| enigcy‡ii ¯’vbxq ¯‹z‡j wkÿv_©x‡ì †evUvwb cov‡Zb| †mLvb
†_‡K mv¤úª`vwqK `v½vq ZvwoZ n‡q wZwb mcwiev‡i P‡j Av‡mb XvKvq| wb‡Ri Aw¯Í‡Z¡ †mLvbKvi `v½v weaŸ¯Í
w`‡bi exfrm `„k¨ Zv‡K gv‡S gv‡S Zvov K‡i e‡U wKš‘ Zvi c‡iI †d‡j Avmv Rb¥wf‡Ui ¯§„wZ †mvnive Avwj I
Zvi ¯¿x Avdmvbv wKQz‡ZB fzj‡Z cv‡ib bv| Z‡e ¯§„wZ fzj‡Z bv cvi‡jI XvKvi evwoUv ax‡i ax‡i Zv‡ì Kv‡Q
mnR n‡q D‡V|
K. †ivMvcUKv BDbym Av‡M †Kv_vq _vKZ?
L. ÔGgb evwo cvIqv wbZvšÍ †mŠfv‡Mï K_v|Õ Ñ†Kb? eywS‡q ejyb|
M. DÏxc‡Ki †mvnive Avwji m‡½ ÔGKwU Zzjmx Mv‡Qi KvwnwbÕ M‡í Kvi mv`„k¨ i‡q‡Q? ÑAv‡jvPbv Kiæb|
N. Ò†`k wefv‡M ivR‰bwZK N~Y©ve‡Z©i wkKvi Amnvq gvby‡li RxebwPÎB DÏxcK I ÔGKwU Zz jmx Mv‡Qi
KvwnwbÕ M‡íi welqe¯‘|Ó ÑgšÍe¨wU we‡kølY Kiæb|

K.
†ivMvcUKv BDbym Av‡M KjKvZvq g¨vKwjIW w÷ª‡U _vKZ|
L.
DØv¯‘ gvbyl‡ì GKwU g‡bvig evwo cvIqv ÔwbZvšÍ †mŠfv‡Mï K_vÕ e‡j g‡b n‡q‡Q|
evm¯’vb gvby‡li wbKU wbivc` AvkÖq| †`kf‡½i ûRy‡M KjKvZv †_‡K ev¯ÍP~¨Z GK`j gvbyl M‡í ewY©Z kn‡i
GKwU †Wivi mÜv‡b D`qv¯Í Ny‡i †eovq| nVvr GKw`b Zviv GKwU cwiZ¨³ evwo †c‡q hvq| cÖKvÐ evwowU jovB bv
K‡iB `Lj Ki‡Z cvivq AvkÖqnxb gvbyl‡ì wbKU Zv wbZvšÍ †mŠfv‡Mï K_v e‡j g‡b nq|
M.
DÏxc‡Ki †mvnive Avwji m‡½ ÔGKwU Zzjmx Mv‡Qi KvwnwbÕ M‡í gwZb, Kv‡ì, AvgRv` I gKmy‡ì mv`„k¨
i‡q‡Q| 1947 mv‡j a‡g©i wfwË‡Z fviZel© wef³ n‡q fviZ I cvwK¯Ívb bv‡g `ywU ivóª Rb¥jvf K‡i|
d‡j mv¤úª`vwqK Av‡eMekZ `y‡`‡kiB mvaviY gvby‡li Rxe‡b Aw¯’iZv m„wó nq| `ywU †`‡kB Qwo‡q c‡o
mv¤úª`vwqK `v½v I nv½vgv| Avcb f~wg †_‡K wQbœg~j n‡q A‡bK gvbyl DØv¯‘ Rxebhvcb Ki‡Z eva¨ nq| A‡b‡K
wbivc` AvkÖ‡qi mÜv‡b GK‡`k †_‡K Ab¨ †`‡k †`kvšÍwi n‡Z _v‡K|
DÏxc‡K †`Lv hvq, †mvnive Avwj enigcy‡i emevm Ki‡Zb| †mLv‡b wZwb ¯‹z‡j wkÿv_©x‡ì †evUvwb cov‡Zb| ¯‹zj
wkÿK nIqv m‡Ë¡I †mvnive Avwj †`kf‡½i ûRy‡M `v½vi Ke‡j c‡o enigcyi †_‡K weZvwoZ n‡q XvKvq AvkÖq
MÖnY K‡ib| wKš‘ wZwb XvKvq Av¯Ívbv Mo‡jI wbR Rb¥wf‡U enigcy‡ii ¯§„wZ KL‡bv fzj‡Z cv‡ibwb| Ab¨w`‡K
ÔGKwU Zzjmx Mv‡Qi KvwnwbÕ M‡í †`Lv hvq, gwZb, AvgRv`, Kv‡ì, BDbym, gKmy`Ñ Giv `v½v KewjZ n‡q bZzb
kn‡i G‡m AvkÖq wb‡q‡Q| G‡ì A‡b‡KB KjKvZvq eøKg¨vb †jb-G Lvjvwm cwÆ‡Z, êVKLvbvq `dZwi‡ì
cvovq, ‰mq` mv‡jn †jb-G ZvgvK eëmvqx‡ì m‡½ ev Kgiæ Lvbmvgv †jb-G AK_¨ `yM©Ü †bvsivi g‡a¨ w`b
KvwU‡q‡Q| ZvB ejv hvq, DÏxc‡Ki †mvnive Avwji m‡½ KjKvZv †_‡K DØv¯‘ gwZb, AvgRv`, Kv‡ì, BDbym I
gKmy‡ì mv`„k¨ i‡q‡Q|
N.
DÏxcK I ÔGKwU Zzjmx Mv‡Qi KvwnwbÕ M‡í †`kfv‡Mi †cÖwÿ‡Z mvaviY gvby‡li `~we©ln Rxe‡bi wPÎ Aw¼Z
n‡q‡QÑ gšÍe¨wU h_v_© n‡q‡Q|
†`kfv‡Mi mgq Awef³ evsjvq mv¤úª`vwqK `v½v wQj cÖvq wbqwgZ `„k¨| G mg‡q mgv‡Ri `yÕGKRb cÖfvekvjx
mv¤úª`vwqK `„wófw½m¤úbœ gvbyl mgMÖ Rbc`‡K wewl‡q †Zv‡j| `v½vi d‡j †m mgqKvi mvaviY gvby‡li Rxeb
AwZô n‡q D‡V| ïiæ nq gvbyl nZ¨v Avi A‡bï Rwg `L‡ji cÖeYZv| wbR Rb¥f~wg †_‡K DØv¯‘ nq A‡bK gvbyl |
A‡b‡K cÖv‡Y †eu‡P †M‡jI D‡ØM Avi DrKÉv Zv‡ì MÖvm K‡i| ivR‰bwZK K~U‡KŠk‡ji wkKvi n‡q AmsL¨ gvby‡li
kvšÍ Rxeb Amwnòz I wech©¯Í nq|
ÔGKwU Zzjmx Mv‡Qi KvwnwbÕ M‡í †`Lv hvq, †`k wefv‡Mi AeëwnZ c‡iB KjKvZv †_‡K AvMZ K‡qKRb DØv¯‘
bZzb kn‡i GKwU cwiZ¨³ evwo `Lj K‡i| bZzb evwowU †c‡q Zviv †hb nuvd †Q‡o euv‡P| †Kbbv KjKvZvq Zviv
GZw`b GKwU wNwÄ Mwj‡Z †Kv‡bv iK‡g `ywe©ln Rxebhvcb Ki‡jI DØv¯‘ Rxe‡bi D‡ØM Avi DKÉv Zv‡ì MÖvm
K‡iwQj| bZzb evwowU‡K Zv‡ì Kv‡Q †e‡nkZLvbv e‡j g‡b nq | wKš‘ GKw`b miKvwi wb‡`©‡k evwowUi †eAvBwb
`Lj †_‡K Zv‡ì D‡”Q` n‡Z nq| DÏxc‡KI GKwU cwievi‡K ivR‰bwZK nqivwbi NUbv i‡q‡Q| †mLv‡b D‡jøL
Kiv n‡q‡Q, mv¤úª`vwqK `v½vi wkKvi n‡q †mvnive Avwj wbR Rb¥f~wg enigcyi †Q‡o XvKvq P‡j Av‡mb| XvKvq
†mvnive Avwj I Zvi ¯¿x Avdmvbv wKQzUv mnR n‡q G‡jI enigcy‡ii ¯§„wZ wKQz‡ZB fzj‡Z cv‡ib bv|
DÏxc‡K ewY©Z n‡q‡Q †mvnive Avwj I Zvi ¯¿x Avdmvbvi Rxe‡b N‡U hvIqv ivR‰bwZK `ywe©cv‡Ki K_v|
`v½vcxwoZ nevi Kvi‡Y Zv‡ì‡K †`k †Q‡o XvKv kn‡i G‡m Avevm Mo‡Z n‡q‡Q| ÔGKwU Zzjmx Mv‡Qi KvwnwbÕ
M‡íI MíKvi K‡qKRb DØv¯‘ Kg©Pvwii K_v e‡j‡Qb| †`kf‡½i ûRy‡M Zv‡ì‡KI KjKvZv †_‡K cvZZvwo
¸Uv‡Z nq| ZvB ejv hvq, †`k wefv‡M ivR‰bwZK N~Y©ve‡Z©i wkKvi Amnvq gvby‡li RxebwPÎB DÏxcK I ÔGKwU
Zzjmx Mv‡Qi KvwnwbÕ M‡í ewY©Z n‡q‡Q|

mv¤úª`vwqK `v½vq ebkÖx †_‡K weZvwoZ n‡q‡Qb e‡U me©vb›` evP®úwZ| wKš‘ wZwb KL‡bv mv¤úª`vwqK n‡Z
cv‡ibwb| mv¤úª`vwqKZv‡K AvRxeb N„Yvi welqiƒ‡cB †`‡L‡Qb| wn›`y gnvmfvi mv¤úª`vwqK ivRbxwZ I gymwjg
we‡Ølx cÖPviYv Kxfv‡e mv¤úª`vwqK `v½v I †`k wefv‡Mi Kvi‡Y cwiYZ nq Zv eyS‡Z Zvi Amyw eav nq bv| wZwb
GI †ev‡Sb †h mevB mv¤úª`vwqK bq| GKRb `yRb gvbylB mgMÖ Rbc`‡K wewl‡q †Zv‡j| Kvcvwmqvi Gbvgy‡ji
m‡½B Zvi NwbôZv †`Lv hvq me‡P‡q †ewk| Gbvgy‡ji DcKv‡ii Rb¨ cwðgevsjvq Avmvi ciI K„ZÁZv Rvbv‡Z
wZwb †gv‡UB Kvc©Y¨ K‡ibwb|
K. Zzjmx MvQwU cÖ_‡g Kvi †Pv‡L c‡owQj?
L. evwoi evwm›`v cwieZ©b Zzjmx MvQwUi Rxe‡b Kx cÖwZwµqv m„wó K‡iwQj?
M. DÏxc‡Ki Amv¤úª`vwqK †PZbv ÔGKwU Zzjmx Mv‡Qi KvwnwbÕ M‡í Kxfv‡e cÖwZdwjZ n‡q‡Q?
N. ÒDÏxcK I ÔGKwU Zzjmx Mv‡Qi KvwnwbÕ M‡í ZrKvjxb mgv‡Ri Qwe dz‡U D‡V‡Q|Ó ÑgšÍe¨wU g~j¨vqb Kiæb|
1. L 2. K 3. M 4. K 5. N 6. L 7. K 8. L 9. L 10. L 11. M 12. L

Avwgbv I gw`bvi Mí
†mwjbv †nv‡mb
f~wgKv
†mwjbv †nv‡m‡bi MímgMÖ (2002) †_‡K ÔAvwgbv I gw`bvi MíÕ kxl©K iPbvwU msKwjZ n‡q‡Q| evsjv‡`‡ki gnvb
gyw³hy‡×i mgq evOvwj bvix‡ì Dci cvwK¯Ívwb evwnbxi wbg©g wbh©vZ‡bi Qwe Av‡jvP¨ MíwU‡Z †jLK Amvgvb¨
`ÿZvq Zz‡j a‡i‡Qb|
mvaviY D‡Ïk¨
†mwjbv †nv‡m‡bi ÔAvwgbv I gw`bvi MíÕ iPbvwU cvV K‡i AvcwbÑ
 †QvUMí wn‡m‡e ÔAvwgbv I gw`bvi MíÕ ÑGi mv_©KZv wePvi Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
 gyw³hy‡×i mgq evOvwj bvix‡ì Ici cvwK¯Ívwb nvbv`vi evwnbxi wbh©vZ‡bi eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
 Avwgbv I gw`bvi PwiÎ e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
 cvwK¯Ívwb ˆmb¨‡ì ee©iZv Ges cvkweK AvPiY Zz‡j ai‡Z cvi‡eb|
cvV-1
cvVwfwËK D‡Ïk¨
 Avwgbv I gw`bvi R‡b¥i Kvwnwb ej‡Z cvi‡eb|
 Avwgbv I gw`bv‡K Avwg© Kxfv‡e a‡i wb‡q †Mj Zv eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
 Avwgbv I gw`bvi wcZv gyqvw¾b Avj-Avwg‡bi gvbwmK Ae¯’v we‡kølY Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
g~jcvV
†Rvn‡ii bvgv‡hi I³ n‡q‡Q| gyqvw¾b Avj-Avwg‡bi `yB Kb¨v Avwgbv I gw`bv e`bv nv‡Z ùvwo‡q
Av‡Q| wcZv‡K ARyi cvwb †X‡j †`‡e|
êkvL gvm| Kov †iv‡` Pviw`K Luv Luv Ki‡Q| D‡Vv‡b `yevi ay‡jvi N~Y©b D‡V‡Q| †g‡qiv AuvPj w`‡q †PvL-gyL
Xv‡K| D‡Vv‡bi cye †Kv‡Y ey‡ov KuvVvj MvQ †_‡K S‡i hvIqv ïK‡bv cvZv D‡o G‡m c‡o I‡ì cv‡q| Iiv åƒ‡ÿc
K‡i bv| evevi ARy bv nIqv ch©šÍ †Kv‡bv wKQz wb‡qB PÂj n‡Z Iiv †k‡Lwb| GKUz ci Kv‡Vi Log cv‡q VK VK
kã Ki‡Z Ki‡Z gyqvw¾b G‡m Kv‡Vi Rj‡PŠwKi Ici ARy Ki‡Z e‡m| UzwcUv Ly‡j gw`bvi nv‡Z †`q| gw`bv
e‡j, AveŸv UzwcUv gqjv n‡q‡Q ay‡q †`B? gyqvw¾b †¯œ‡ni nvwm nv‡m, nu¨v gv †`| AvR bv nq Avi GKUv Uzwc wb‡q
gmwR‡` hve|
AveŸvRvb Avwg Avcbvi Rb¨ Kzk w`‡q Uzwc evbvw”Q| we‡K‡ji g‡a¨ †kl n‡q hv‡e| Avcwb gvM‡i‡ei bvgvh co‡Z
cvi‡eb †m Uzwc w`‡q|
gyqvw¾b Lywk n‡q gv_v †b‡o †g‡q‡ì w`‡K ZvKvq| Iiv gv_vq Kvco w`‡q‡Q, Mv‡q cy‡iv nv‡Zi eøvDR, `„w ó wb‡Pi
w`‡K| †g‡q `yÕ‡Uv fvwi j²x| wbqwgZ bvgvh-†ivhv K‡i| KziAvb kwid LZg K‡i| bg&ª, f`ª| gy‡L iv †bB| †PvL
Zz‡j K_v e‡j bv| Avj-Avwgb g‡b g‡b Avjøvni Kv‡Q †kvKi Rvwb‡q ARy Ki‡Z e‡m| Muv‡qi †jvK Rv‡b G-Muv‡q
Avwgbv I gw`bvi g‡Zv iƒceZx †KD bq| †g‡qiv GZB mshZ †h GLb ch©šÍ †Kv‡bv w`b †Kv‡bv hye‡Ki w`‡K †PvL
Zz‡j ZvwK‡q‡Q e‡j gyqvw¾b †kv‡b wb| I‡ì gv I‡ì w`‡K Kov bRi iv‡L| GLb gyqvw¾b fv‡jv cv‡Îi
A‡cÿvq Av‡Q| †c‡jB we‡q w`‡q †`‡e|
hy× ïiæ nIqvi ci †_‡K gyqvw¾‡bi ¯¿x †Rvniv wewe †g‡q‡ì we‡qi Rb¨ Aw¯’i n‡q D‡V‡Q| ivZ-w`b ¯^vgx‡K
ZvMv`v †`q, GKUv eë¯’v Kiæb| eq¯‹ †g‡q‡ì G mgq N‡i ivLv wVK bq| Avcwb Kvj‡ÿcY Ki‡eb bv|
¯¿xi Avk¼vq gyqvw¾bI †Ku‡c I‡V, wKš‘ GKB m‡½ Mfxi wbtk¦vm †d‡j e‡j, cQ›`g‡Zv cvÎ †Zv cvw”Q bv|
†Rvqvb †Q‡j¸‡jv hy× wb‡q †g‡Z DV‡Q| GK`j gyw³‡hv×v n‡q fvi‡Zi `vjvwj Ki‡Z P‡j †M‡Q| Avi GK`j
ivRvKvi n‡q cvwK¯Ívb iÿv Ki‡Q| †KD we‡qi K_v fve‡Q bv| ¯^vgxi `xN© wbtk¦v‡m Awff‚Z n‡q †Rvniv wewe
Kcvj Pvc‡o AvZ©bv` K‡i, nvq Avjøv Avgvi †g‡q `yÕwUi Kx n‡e|
†lvokx Avwgbv I gw`bv Ab¨ N‡i e‡m gv‡qi wejvc ïb‡Z cvq| `yÕR‡b wkD‡i I‡V Ges m‡½ m‡½ AvqvZvj KziwQ
c‡o wb‡R‡ì ey‡K dzu †`q| ciÿ‡Y wcZvi ìvR KÉ †f‡m Av‡m `yÕR‡bi Kv‡b, Avjøvn&&i Ici fimv ivL wewe|
Avwg Rxe‡b †Kv‡bvw`b Cgvb bó Kwiwb, ¸bvni KvR Kwiwb| †g‡qivI KLbI †ekig KvR K‡iwb| I‡ì bwme g›`
n‡e bv wewe|
wcZvi Ggb wbwðZ wbf©vi KÉ ï‡b `yÕ‡ev‡bi ¯^w¯Í wd‡i Av‡m| Iiv AKvi‡Y DwØMœ, wPwšÍZ n‡Z Pvq bv| Iiv
†`‡L‡Q Gme mg‡q I‡ì †Pnvivi jve‡Y¨ Kv‡jv Qvqv c‡o| Avqbv †`L‡Z B‡”Q nq bv|
AveŸvRvb|
`yÕR‡b GKB m‡½ wcZv‡K Wv‡K| Iiv eyS‡Z cv‡i I‡ì wcZv g~n~‡Z©i Rb¨ Avbgbv n‡q‡Q| LuvwU gymjgvb ARy
Kivi mgq Avbgbv n‡e †Kb?
†g‡q‡ì ì`-gvLv K‡É gyqvw¾b ARy Kivi Rb¨ e¨¯Í n‡q I‡V| cÖ_‡g Wvb nv‡Zi Kwâ, Zvici evg nv‡Zi Kwâ
wZbevi KzjKzPvi ci bvmviÜ« †aŠZ Kivi mgq evwoi D‡Vv‡b wZbRb wgwjUvwi G‡m ùvovq| Iiv cÖvq wbtk‡ã
G‡m‡Q| ey‡Ui †Zgb kã nqwb wKsev ¸wj Qzuo‡Z Qzuo‡ZI GwM‡q Av‡mwb, I‡ì †`‡L Avj-Avwgb gyqvw¾b ARy
Kiv fz‡j wM‡q nuv K‡i ZvwK‡q _v‡K, Avwgbvi nv‡Zi e`bv †_‡K cvwb cov eÜ n‡h hvq| gyqvw¾b ARy †kl bv
K‡iB Rj‡PŠwKi Ici ùvwo‡q M`M` K‡É e‡j, AvB‡q ûRyi, AvB‡q|
cvwK¯Ívwb †mbv wZbRb gyqvw¾‡bi w`‡K åƒ‡ÿc K‡i bv| Avwgbv I gw`bv Romofv‡e ùvwo‡q gvwUi w`‡K gyL wbPz
K‡i Av‡Q| Iiv eywS †mB ¯’vb †_‡K †ùŠ‡o cvwj‡q hvIqvi K_v fz‡j †M‡Q| wZbRb cvwK¯Ívwb †mbvi g‡a¨ GKRb
`yÕcv GwM‡q gw`bvi _yZwb a‡i gyL DuPz K‡i e‡j, eûr Lye myiZ jvowK|
gyqvw¾b Avj-Avwg‡bi †Pv‡Li mvg‡b fi`ycyi gy‡Q wM‡q †R¨vr¯œv cøvweZ ivwÎ †R‡M I‡V| Ggb A‡jŠwKK `„‡kï
g‡a¨ Ii N~wY© eB‡Z _v‡K Ges ïb‡Z cvq †Rvniv wewei Zxÿè AvZ©bv`| †m AvZ©bv` †e‡M cÖevwnZ n‡Z _vK‡j
wQbœwfbœ n‡q hvq †R¨vr¯œv cøvweZ ivZ| †hb Pviw`‡K Kvievjvi nvnvKvi DwÌZ Ges cwZZ n‡Z _v‡K| gyqvw¾b
Avj-Avwgb ûogwo‡q Rj‡PŠwK †_‡K †b‡g GKR‡bi cv‡q ûgwo †L‡q c‡o e‡j, ûRyi Avcwf gymjgvb nvgwf
gymjgvb| nvg gmwR` Kv gyqvw¾b n¨vq| Avhvb w`Zv û|
eûZ Av”Qv| nvg‡jvK mvgvR wMqv Zzg mv”Pv gymjgvb n¨vq| eûZ Av”Qv, eûZ Av”Qv|
nuv ûRyi nvg‡jvK mv”Pv gymjgvb| †giv †`v‡bv jvowK bvgvh coZv, †ivhv ivLZv, KziAvb †ZjvIqvr KiZv RvbwZ
n¨vq|
nvg‡jvK mvgvR wMqv †Zvgnviv †`v‡bv jvowK eynr Avw”Q gvj n¨vq| MvÜv †bwn|
gyqvw¾‡bi gv_vi †fZi N~wY© cÖej n‡q I‡V| wZbRb cvwK¯Ívwb Avwg©i Djøv‡mi nv-nv nvwm e‡q hvq †ev‡kL gv‡mi
N~wY©i g‡Zv|

†m nvwm ï‡b gyqvw¾b wÿcÖMwZ‡Z D‡V ùvovq| `yÕ‡ev‡bi mvg‡b ùvovevi Av‡MB GKRb I‡K av°v w`‡q †d‡j
†`q| Rj‡PŠwKi †KvYvq gv_v Vz‡K dz‡j I‡V Kcvj Ges †Pv‡Li †KvYv †_‡K wdbwK w`‡q i³ †Qv‡U| Avj-Avwgb
gyqvw¾b GZ wKQz åƒ‡ÿc bv K‡i Avevi wÿcÖMwZ‡Z D‡V ùvovq| ZZÿ‡Y cvK‡mbv wZbRb Avwgbv I gw`bv‡K
wN‡i a‡i‡Q| Iiv `yÕ‡evb Kv‡iv w`‡KB ZvKvqwb, `yÕR‡bi `„wó gvwU‡Z wbe×, GKevi wcZv‡K †U‡b †Zvjvi Rb¨
b‡o D‡VwQj| wKš‘ ZZÿ‡Y wZbRb gvbyl I‡ì Avovj K‡i †d‡j‡Q| cyiæl gvby‡li kix‡ii AwfÁZv I‡ì
†bB| wKš‘ GZ KvQvKvwQ wZbRb gvby‡li Dcw¯’wZ Iiv Abyfe K‡i| cÖej K¤ú‡b I‡ì nvZ †_‡K e`bv Ges Uzwc
c‡o hvq| wcZvi UzwcUv gw`bvi cv‡qi Kv‡Q c‡o †M‡j GK ai‡bi Acivax †PZbvq Ii `„wó †Nvjv‡U n‡Z _v‡K|
I wÿcÖ nv‡Z UzwcUv †Zvjvi mgq cvq bv| GKRb Ii nvZ †P‡c a‡i Uvb †`q| UzwcUv cv‡q gwo‡q I cvK‡mbvi
ey‡Ki KvQvKvwQ P‡j Av‡m| Avi GKRb cv‡qi Kv‡Q Mov‡Z _vKv e`bvUv jv_&w_ w`‡q `~‡i mwi‡q Avwgbvi Kuv‡a
nvZ iv‡L| I‡ì M`M` KÉ †_‡K _yZz-jvjv-†dbvmn evievi D”PvwiZ n‡Z _v‡K, eûZ Lye myiZ, eûZ Lye myiZ|
Aí mg‡qi gv‡S N‡U hvIqv GZ wKQzi gv‡S wejvc Ki‡Z Ki‡Z Qz‡U Av‡m †Rvniv wewe|
ûRyi Avcbviv Avgv‡ì evc-gv ûRyi, ûRyi, ûRyi û...|
nU hvI|
ey‡Ui jvw_‡Z †Rvniv wewei gv_v †d‡U i³ †Qv‡U| gyqvw¾b Avj-Avwgb †Kv‡bv GKUv wKQz ejv ev Kivi Dcµg
Ki‡ZB Iiv Zvi wc‡V ivB‡d‡ji evU w`‡q evwo gv‡i| D‡Vv‡b wPr n‡q c‡o hvq gyqvw¾b| Avi DV‡Z cv‡i bv|
Avwgbv I gw`bv‡K wb‡q P‡j hvq ˆmwbKiv| Iiv wPrKvi Ki‡Z cv‡i bv, KviY Iiv wPrKvi Ki‡Z †k‡Lwb| Iiv
†Rv‡i Kuv`‡Z cv‡i bv, cicyiæ‡l KÉ ïb‡e e‡j Iiv KL‡bv D‰”Pt¯^‡i Kuv‡`wb| Iiv Rv‡b wec‡` AvqvZvj KziwQ
co‡Z nq, wZbevi ìƒ` c‡o ey‡K dzu w`‡Z nq| Iiv †mUvI Ki‡Z cv‡i bv, f‡q I‡ì eyK ïwK‡q †M‡Q, wRnŸv
Avoó| fi`ycyi, Pviw`‡K †Lvjv gvV, meyR av‡bi gv_v `yj‡Q, †g‡Vv c‡_ †nu‡U †h‡Z †h‡Z Iiv fv‡e KZ`~i †h‡Z
n‡e? G c‡_i wK †kl Av‡Q? cvkvcvwk nuvU‡Q e‡j `yÕR‡b k³ K‡i wb‡R‡ì nvZ †P‡c a‡i Ges m‡½ m‡½
`yÕR‡bi fvebv¸‡jv mgvšÍivj n‡q hvq| GLb I‡ì gv_vq †NvgUv †bB| cvK‡mbviv evievi gyL †`L‡e e‡j I‡ì
†NvgUv wb‡RivB †d‡j w`‡q‡Q| I‡ì Pzj evZv‡m Do‡Q| I‡ì weùvwiZ `„wói mvg‡b MÖvg, wb‡R‡ì G MÖvg Iiv
KL‡bv Gfv‡e †`‡L‡Q e‡j g‡b c‡o bv| Gfv‡e †`L‡Z I‡ì Lye Lvivc jvM‡Q| `yÕ‡ev‡bi g‡b nq MÖvgUv D‡`vg|
wZbRb †mbv wKQzÿY cici I‡ì gy‡L Dci gyL Av‡b Avi e‡j, eûZ Lye myiZ jvowK| gvk Avjøvn| K_v ejvi
mgq I‡ì gyL †_‡K _yZz wQU‡K Av‡m| `yÕ‡ev‡bi weùvwiZ `„wó we¯Í…Z n‡Z _v‡K| Iiv †Pv‡Li cvZv eÜ Ki‡Z
cv‡i bv| `yÕR‡bB f‡q AvZ‡¼ Avoó n‡Z n‡Z fv‡e, G †PvL w`‡q Dj½ MÖvg ïay bv †`vhLI †`L‡Z n‡e| I‡ì
†Pv‡Li cvZv Avi †Kv‡bv w`b eÜ n‡e bv| LuvLuv fi`ycy‡i †g‡Vv c‡_ †jvK PjvPj †bB| I‡ì †Pv‡Li mvg‡b †_‡K
†iv` gy‡Q wM‡q †f‡m I‡V GK A™¢zZ †R¨vr¯œv| †mB †R¨vr¯œvq wZbRb ˆmwb‡Ki gyL wcZvi KvQ †_‡K †kvbv
Bewj‡ki g‡Zv cÖwZfvZ n‡Z _v‡K| †h‡nZz Iiv †Pv‡Li cvZv Avi eÜ Ki‡Z cv‡i bv, †m‡nZz Bewj‡ki gyL I‡ì
mvg‡b wewfbœ AvK…wZ‡Z iƒcvšÍwiZ n‡Z _v‡K| Iiv †`L‡Z cvq AK¯§vr ùvwo‡q cov ˆmwbK wZbRb `y‡e©va¨ fvlvq
Kx †hb Av‡jvPbv Ki‡Q| Iiv ey‡S hvq fvlv †Kv‡bv e¨vcvi bq, ˆmwbKiv Kx Ki‡e Zv I‡ì Kv‡Q ¯úó| Iiv
`yÕ‡evb nvDgvD K‡i †Ku‡` I‡V| wb¯Íä PivP‡i Ggb AvKw¯§K k‡ã Pg‡K I‡V wZbRb ˆmwbK|
weK…Z K‡É e‡j, †iuvZv wKuD?
gyqvw¾b Avj-Avwgb KZÿY D‡Vv‡b c‡owQj g‡b Ki‡Z cv‡i bv| `yÕevi gv_v †Zvjvi †Póv K‡iwQj, wKš‘ a‡i
ivL‡Z cv‡iwb| m‡½ m‡½ †m gv_v Avevi jywU‡q c‡o †M‡Q| nvZ evwo‡q msÁvnxb †Rvniv wewe‡K †c‡q‡Q| wPr
n‡q ï‡q †_‡K Avevi †PvL Lyj‡j Avj-Avwg‡bi †Pv‡Li mvg‡b fi`ycyi gy‡Q wM‡q †R¨vr¯œv cøvweZ ivwÎ †R‡M I‡V
Ges GKB m‡½ iƒceZx hgRKb¨v `ywUi R‡b¥i mgqUv g‡b Ki‡Z cv‡i| I †g‡q‡ì R‡b¥i ZvwiL, evi, mgq Ges
ermi hZœ K‡i GKwU KvM‡R wj‡L euvwa‡q †i‡L‡Q| †g‡q‡ì eqm evuwa‡q ivLvi e¨vcviwU †Rvniv wewei cQ›`
nqwb| KviY hZ eqm n‡e ZZB †Zv eqm Kgv‡Z n‡e| euvwa‡q †i‡L †Pv‡L AvOyj w`‡q †`wL‡q jvf Kx? gyqvw¾b
Av‡e‡M M`M` n‡q e‡j, †Kb euvwa‡q †i‡LwQ †m Zzwg eyS‡e bv| †g‡q `yÕwU hLb Rb¥v‡jv ZLb A‡jŠwKK Av‡jv
†Ljv K‡iwQj Avgvi N‡ii Pv‡j| Avnv Kx my›ì, Kx iƒceZx Av‡jv|
gyqvw¾‡bi †PvL eyu‡R hvq, K_v ej‡Z ej‡Z Mjvi ¯î Lv‡` †b‡g Av‡m| ¯^vgxi GB Ae¯’v †`L‡j †Rvniv wewei
fq K‡i| †jvKUv cvMj bv †Zv? bv Zv n‡Z cv‡i bv, Avj-Avwgb Cgvb`vi gymjgvb| bvgvR KvRv K‡i bv, †ivhv
ivL‡Z fzj nq bv| Zvnv¾‡ì bvgh c‡o| GZ wKQzi ci †Zv GKwU †jvK cvMj n‡Z cv‡i bv| wKš‘ ZviciI
†Rvnviv wewe‡K gyqvw¾b ¯^vgxi GKwU Mí ïb‡Z nq| Avwgbv I gw`bv R‡b¥i mg‡qi Mí| †jvKwU ZLb †Kgb †h
K‡i| †Rvniv wewei eyK aodo K‡i| g‡b nq ci‡nRMvi ¯^vgx gyqvw¾‡bi KÉ †mUv bq| Zey ïb‡Z nq †m KÉ|
N‡ii †fZi †mw`b Zzwg cÖme †e`bvq KvZivw”Q‡j, Avwg D‡Vv‡b e‡m †m †MvOvwb ï‡b fvewQjvg eywS †PŠwPi n‡q
hvq gvwU| N‡ii ìRv AvM‡j e‡mwQj `vB eywo| nvZ-cv Qwo‡q wcVUv †njvb w`‡q e‡m _v‡K| †hb †Kv_vI †Kv‡bv
kã †bB wKsev cÖej kã _vK‡jI Zvi wKQz Av‡m hvq bv| Ii A‡cÿv ïay wkïi µ›`‡bi Rb¨| Avgvi AÜ gv
`vIqvq e‡mwQjÑ †Zvi N‡ii Pv‡j Puv` D‡V‡Q bvwK Avj-Avwgb? Avwg †ùŠ‡o gv‡qi Kv‡Q Avwm| gv †`L‡Z cvq bv
wKš‘ gv‡qi †Pv‡L Av‡jv fi K‡i‡Q| GB Avb‡›` Avgvi euvwk evRv‡Z B‡”Q KiwQj| wKš‘ ki‡g cvwiwb| gyqvw¾b
n‡q euvwk evRv‡j †jv‡K hw`Ñ GBUzKz e‡j jvRyK nv‡m gyqvw¾b| Ii b~ivwb †Pnvivq b~i †L‡j hvq| †Rvniv wewe
†m mgq g‡b g‡b e‡jÑ Avnv Kx Aciƒc `„k¨| wKš‘ mvgbvmvgwb e‡jÑ evRv‡jB cvi‡Zb, bv evwR‡q wVK K‡ibwb|
evRvBwb f‡q| euvwk evRv‡j Muv‡qi †jv‡K hw` gmwR‡` XzK‡Z bv †`q, †mRb¨ Avwg wb‡Ri B”Qvi Kv‡Q wb‡RB
RevB n‡q †MwQ wewe|
Avcwb †Zv †QvU‡ejvq euvwk wkL‡Z †P‡qwQ‡jb|
Pzc Pzc, G K_v KvD‡K ej‡e bv, †mw`b N‡ii Pv‡j Av‡jv †`‡L Avwg D‡Vv‡b QzUvQzwU K‡i †`vqv-ìƒ` c‡owQjvg|
†kl iv‡Zi w`‡K †Zvgvi KvZivwb eÜ n‡q †Mj| ïb‡Z †cjvg wkïi Kvbœv| Avgvi gv nvm‡Z nvm‡Z ejj, g‡b nq
†Zvi `yÕwU mšÍvb n‡q‡Q Avj-Avwgb|
Avwg †Zv AvKvk †_‡K cojvg| Avjøvni Kv‡Q †kvKi-†MvRvwi K‡i fvejvg gv Gme e‡j Kx!
I gv Avcwb cvMj n‡jb?
cvMj nBwb †i evev, `vB eywo Lei wb‡q Gj e‡j|
Avwg †Zv wb‡R‡K a‡i ivL‡Z cvwi bv| N‡ii ìRvi Kv‡Q Qz‡U wM‡q `vB eywo‡K WvwK| eywo †PuwP‡q e‡j, Puv‡ì
gZb `yBWv gvBqv AB‡Q Zzgvi|
Avwg gv‡qi cv a‡i mvjvg Kwi, gv Avcbvi K_vB wVK| I‡ì bvg ivLjvg Avwgbv Avi gw`bv| gv †n‡m ejj, eo
cweÎ bvg| ciw`b `yB bvZwbi Mv Quy‡q ZiZvRv ¯^v¯’¨ wb‡q g‡i †Mj Avgvi gv|
GB ch©v‡q gyqvw¾‡bi KÉ a‡i Av‡m| wKš‘ †m mviv Rxe‡b †mB A‡jŠwKK Av‡jvi K_v fzj‡Z cv‡iwb| Z‡e
gvbylUv‡K wb‡q Ni K‡i †Rvniv wewe my‡L Av‡Q| `yB iƒceZx Kb¨v Rb¥ w`‡q †Rvniv wewe Avi mšÍvb aviY K‡iwb|
g‡b g‡b GKwU †Q‡ji AvKv•ÿv _vK‡jI gyqvw¾‡bi Av‡ÿc †bB| Avjøvn&& Zv‡K hv w`‡q‡Q Zv wb‡qB †m Lywk|
†QvU‡ejv †_‡KB Avcb g‡b myLx n‡Z wk‡L‡Q gyqvw¾b| ˆkk‡e I Muv‡qi eqvwZi Mvb ï‡b Mjv †Q‡o Mvb MvB‡Z
wk‡LwQj| evev GKw`b K‡l agK jvMv‡jb| ej‡jb, nvivgRv`v gymjgv‡bi †Q‡j Mvb Mvq? Avi †hb KL‡bv Mvb
MvB‡Z bv †`wL|
Avj-Avwgb gyn~Z© †`wi bv K‡i ev‡ci wb‡`©k cvjb K‡i| †Q‡j wec‡_ hv‡e †f‡e evc I‡K gvìvmvq fwZ© K‡i
†`q| gvìvmv eÜ _vK‡j I jywK‡q jywK‡q cv‡ki Muv‡qi Avkxl gÐ‡ji Kv‡Q euvwk wkLZ| Avkxl ejZ, eo wgó
†Zvi myi| †Zv‡K w`‡q n‡e †i Avj-Avwgb, ZzB eo wkíx nwe|
wKQzw`b ci ev‡c †Ui †c‡q Ggb gvi w`j †h, `yÕw`b Ávb wdij bv| gv‡qi Kvbœv KvwU‡Z evwo‡Z Wv³vi Gj, my¯’
n‡q gvìvmvq wd‡i †Mj I| evc ej‡jb, ûRyi †Q‡jUvi Kzc‡_i w`‡K bRi, Avcwb I‡K gvbyl Kiæb| I‡K gvbyl
Kivi Rb¨ ûRy‡ii Kó Ki‡Z nqwb| I wb‡R wb‡RB myLx n‡Z Rv‡b| Ggb gb w`‡q cov‡jLv K‡i †h euvwki K_v
fz‡jI g‡b nq bv| hLb KziAvb †ZjvIqvZ K‡i ZLb gy» n‡q †kv‡b gvìvmvi wkÿK I QvÎiv| mevB GKev‡K¨
¯^xKvi K‡i GB gvìvmv †_‡K cuwPk eQ‡i hZ †Q‡j †ewi‡q‡Q Avj-Avwg‡bi g‡Zv †KD bv| Avj-Avwgb g‡b g‡b

Lywk, fv‡e, Avgcvivi my‡ii g‡a¨B euvwk Av‡Q| myi †hLvb †_‡KB DVzK bv †Kb, gvby‡li gbUvB mwZ¨| gb wVK
_vK‡j mewKQz †_‡KB myi I‡V| Ii †Kv‡bv Av‡ÿc †bB, `ytL †bB| ûRyi hv Zvwjg †`q Zv gbcÖvY †X‡j †k‡L|
ûRyi e‡jb, †Zv‡K Avgiv gyqvw¾b evbv‡ev| †Zvi Avhvb ï‡b gvbyl gmwR‡` Qz‡U Avm‡e bvgvh co‡Z|
Avj-Avwgb gv_v †b‡o mvq †`q| †mB †_‡K KZ eQi †cwi‡q †M‡Q Zvi wn‡me Ii Avi g‡b †bB, wPr n‡q ï‡q
_vKv gyqvw¾‡bi `„wó AvKv‡ki w`‡K w¯’i n‡q _v‡K| I AuvwZcuvwZ LyuR‡Z _v‡K †g‡q‡ì R‡b¥i mgq dz‡U _vKv
†mB A‡jŠwKK Av‡jv|
GK mgq gyqvw¾‡bi `„wó †bwZ‡q c‡o|
wKš‘ †bwZ‡q c‡o bv Avwgbv I gw`bvi `„wó| cÖPÐ e¨v_vq `yg‡o hv‡”Q kixi| kix‡ii RvqMvq RvqMvq ïK‡bv Nvm
Ges ay‡jv †j‡M bKwk Kuv_vq †Zvjv dz‡ji g‡Zv wKQz GKUv n‡q‡Q| †Kgb A™¢zZ n‡q †M‡Q wb‡R‡ì kixi| ˆmwbK
wZbRb I‡ì nvZ a‡i †U‡b ùvo Kwi‡q †`q| GKRb AvOzj DuwP‡q †LuwK‡q e‡i, K‡jgv RvbZv?
`yÕ‡evb gv_v bv‡o|
co|
`yÕ‡evb MowMwo‡q e‡j, jv-Bjvnv Bjøvjøvû †gvnv¤§v`yi ivmyjyjøvn|
mvevm|
Iiv Djøv‡m AvKv‡ki w`‡K ¸wj †Quv‡o| Avwgbv I gw`bv cjKnxb `„wó‡Z wZbRb ˆmwb‡Ki gy‡L Avb›` †`L‡Z
cvq| Iiv †Rv‡i †Rv‡i Kjgv co‡Z _v‡KÑ Iiv fz‡j hvq I‡ì i³ÿi‡Yi K_v Ges fz‡j hvq ARywenxb Ae¯’vi
K_v| I‡ì ci‡nRMvi wcZv KZ h‡Zœ I‡ì KZ wKQz †h wkwL‡qwQj| Iiv g‡bcÖv‡Y †mme wKQz AuvK‡o a‡i| Iiv
†Kv‡bv wKQz fzj‡Z Pvq bv| GK mgq Iiv †`L‡Z cvq Iiv nuvU‡Z cvi‡Q bv, I‡ì nuvUz †f‡O hv‡”Q ZLb wZbRb
ˆmwbK I‡ì wc‡V K‡i K¨v‡¤ú wb‡q Av‡m| eûZ Lye myiZ jvowK, ej‡Z ej‡Z nl©aŸwb‡Z †g‡Z I‡V Ab¨
ˆmwb‡Kiv|

A‡jŠwKKÑ gvby‡li c‡ÿ Am¤¢e, †jvKvZxZ, Bn‡jv‡Ki bq Ggb| AvbgbvÑ Ab¨gb¯‹, Ag‡bv‡hvMx, CgvbÑ
wek¦vm| N~Y©bÑ µgvMZ †Nviv, AveZ©b| Romofv‡eÑ fxZ I Avoófv‡e, msKzwPZfv‡e| †RvniÑ m~h© cwðg
AvKv‡k Clr X‡j co‡j †h bvgv‡Ri mgq nq| A‡jŠwKKÑ gvby‡li c‡ÿ Am¤¢e, †jvKvZxZ, Bn‡jv‡Ki bq Ggb|
mvims‡ÿc
gyqvw¾b Avj-Avwgb ci‡nRMvi gvbyl| Zvi `yB Kb¨v- Avwgbv I gw`bv| †g‡q‡ì wZwb ˆkke †_‡K agx©q
wkÿvq wkwÿZ K‡i †Zv‡jb| gyw³hy‡×i mgq cvwK¯Ívwb nvbv`vi evwnbx gyqvw¾‡bi evwo‡Z wM‡q Avwgbv I
gw`bv‡K K¨v‡¤ú a‡i wb‡q hvq| gyqvw¾b Avj-Avwgb A‡bK †Póv K‡iI †g‡q‡ì gy³ Ki‡Z cv‡ibwb| ew›` `yB
†evb gvbwmKfv‡e wecbœ n‡q c‡o| K¨v‡¤ú my›ìx `yB bvix‡K †c‡q cvwK¯Ívwb ˆmbïv Djøv‡m †g‡Z I‡V|

1. kvwšÍ KwgwUi †Pqvig¨vb wQ‡jb †K?
K. Bgvg K. gyqvw¾b
M. BDwbq‡bi †Pqvig¨vb N. my`k©b cyiæl
2. ÔûRyi †Q‡jUvi Kzc‡_i w`‡K bRiÕ GLv‡b ÔKzc_Õ ej‡Z †evSv‡bv n‡q‡QÑ
K. euvwk evRv‡bv L. cicyiæ‡li KÉ
M. Mí †kvbv N. b„Z¨ Kiv
ÔZzwg e‡jQ, Zzwg Avgv‡ì †`v¯Í Av`gx AvQ, Z‡e GLb †`v‡¯Íi Kvg Ki| GB AvIivZ wZbUv‡K Avgv‡ì ìKvi|
Avgiv wb‡q hve| †jwKb KzP NveovI gvr, wZb w`b ev‡` †i‡L hve|Õ G‡ZvUv mn¨ Kivi ÿgZv gv‡jK mv‡n‡ei
wQj bv| wZwb AvZ©bv` K‡i DV‡jb|
3. DÏxc‡Ki gv‡jK mv‡n‡ei m‡½ ÔAvwgbv I gw`bvi MíÕ-Gi †Kvb Pwi‡Îi wgj i‡q‡Q?
K. Avj-Avwgb L. †Pqvig¨vb
M. gmwR‡ì Bgvg M. KgvÛvi
4. DÏxcK Ges ÔAvwgbv I gw`bvi MíÕ-G cÖKvk †c‡q‡QÑ
K. a‡g©i Aceënvi L. ag©xq Abyf~wZ
M. a‡g© Abv¯’v N. ag© cvj‡b Abxnv
cvV-2
cvVwfwËK D‡Ïk¨
 gyqvw¾b Avj-Avwg‡bi cwiYwZ e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
 Avwgbv I gw`bvi cwiYwZ eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
 †QvUMí wn‡m‡e Av‡jvP¨ iPbvwUi mv_©KZv e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
g~jcvV
gyqvw¾b Avj-Avwgb wKfv‡e Bgv‡gi Kv‡Q Qz‡U G‡m Zvi cv Rwo‡q a‡i‡Q ej‡Z cv‡i bv| Zvi
eyKdvUv AvZ©bv` Zxeª n‡q I‡V `yÕ‡Uv k‡ã|
ûRyiÑAvgviÑ|
Lv‡gvm| A‰ah© n‡eb bv| Avwg me ï‡bwQ| Gme Cgv‡bi cixÿv| ûRyi|
Avcwb a‡g©i †`vnvB †`‡eb bv| GB †`‡k GLb Bmjvg wecbœ| GUv iÿv Kiv mevi `vwqZ¡| Avcwb †Zv ïay †g‡q
w`‡q‡Qb| Gici RxebI w`‡Z n‡e| hvb, evwo hvb|
gyqvw¾b evwo wdi‡Z cv‡i bv| Cgvg I‡K AvOyj Zz‡j kvwm‡q w`‡q‡Q| mv`v Pzj-`vwo‡‡Z fiv GZ w`bKvi gvbylwU,
hv‡K I b~ivbx †Pnvivi gvbyl e‡j wPbZ, Ii Kv‡Q LvUv‡m iƒcvšÍwiZ njÑ gyqvw¾b GB cÖ_g ivRbxwZ‡Z a‡g©i
Ggb weK…Z eënvi Dcjwä K‡i Amnvqfv‡e Kuv`‡Z _v‡K|
I‡K iv¯Ív w`‡q nuvU‡Z †`‡L †Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv wbixn gvbyl GwM‡q G‡m Ii nvZ †P‡c a‡i|
KuvB‡`b bv ûRyi| KuvB‡`b bv| †`BL‡eb `ykgb‡ì Dci Avjøvn&&i MRe coe| Avjøvn GB Ab¨v‡qi wePvi Kie|
Avi GKRb e‡j, P‡jb †Pqvig¨v‡bi Kv‡Q hvB| KgvÛv‡ii j‡M †Pqvig¨v‡bi LvwZi Av‡Q| KvgvÛvi B”Qv Ki‡j
Avcbvi gvBqv‡Mv‡i wdiZ cvWvB‡Z cv‡i|
mevB wg‡j kvwšÍ KwgwUi †Pqvig¨v‡bi Kv‡Q hvq| wZwb g„`y †n‡m kvšÍ ¯^‡i e‡jb, cuqwÎk eQi a‡i Avwg GB
BDwbq‡bi †Pqvig¨vb| Ggb `y‡h©vM Avi †`wL bvB| Avgv‡ì mevi DwPZ Suvwc‡q c‡o GB `y‡h©v‡Mi †gvKvwejv
Kiv|
evev N‡i hvI| Avjøvni Kv‡Q †kvKi Ki| †Zvgvi †g‡qiv cvwK¯Ívb iÿv Ki‡Q|

gyqvw¾‡bi KÉ w`‡q kã †ei n‡Z Kó nq| Zey Kuv`‡Z Kuv`‡Z e‡j, Avgvi †g‡q‡ì B¾ZÑ
B¾Z w`‡q Kx n‡e evev? Av‡M ag©, Av‡M †`k|
GUv †Kgb ag©?
†Pqvig¨vb K_v evov‡Z †`q bv| agK w`‡q _vwg‡q †`q gyqvw¾b‡K| Kov Mjvq e‡j, GZ wPšÍv wK‡mi| †g‡qiv
†M‡j Av‡iv †g‡q n‡e|
ûRyi `yB hgR †g‡qi ci Avgvi wewei Avi mšÍvb nqwb|
†Pqvig¨v‡bi KÉ Zij n‡q hvq| nvm‡Z nvm‡Z e‡j, Avevi wbKvn Ki‡e| `ymiv wewe n‡e| Lye myiZ jvowK n‡e|
gyqvw¾b Avj-Avwgb †Kv‡bv K_v bv e‡j wÿcÖMwZ‡Z Avi GKwU LvUv‡mi mvg‡b †_‡K P‡j Av‡m| I eyS‡Z cv‡i
Ii gv_vi †fZi A‡jŠwKK Av‡jvi N~wY© D‡V‡Q| gyqvw¾b cvM‡ji g‡Zv gv‡Vi g‡a¨ Nyi‡Z Nyi‡Z `yÕnvZ Ic‡i Zz‡j
b„Z¨ Ki‡Z _v‡K| Ii m½x, MÖv‡gi mij †jv‡Kiv G `„k¨ †`‡L †Ku‡` †d‡j| Iiv A‡bK K‡ó gyqvw¾b‡K evwo‡Z
wb‡q Av‡m|
ciw`b mKvj‡ejv †`Lv hvq, gyqvw¾b Avj-Avwgb †jvK wPb‡Z cvi‡Q bv| †Rvniv wewe nvq nvq K‡i eviv›`vi Ici
AvQ‡o c‡o|
wgwjUvwii wR‡c P‡o Avwgbv I gw`bv K¨v¤ú †_‡K †Kv‡bv GK evsKv‡i †h‡Z _v‡K| `yÕ‡ev‡b `yÕ‡Pv‡L †g‡j
†`kUv‡K †`‡L| Gfv‡e †Zv wR‡c K‡i eo moK w`‡q Iiv †Kv_vI hvqwb, †hLv‡b `„k¨¸‡jv Mvwoi MwZi m‡½
QzU‡Z _v‡K| Mvwoi †QvUvi m‡½ m‡½ cvjøv w`‡q Qz‡U Av‡m wecixZgyLx evZvmÑ †Kgb GK Avðh© ¯úk©, wQu‡oLyu‡o
†d‡j eyKÑ fvi K‡i †`q, DRvo K‡i †`q, ¯Íä K‡i †`q| `yÕRb `yÕR‡bi nvZ †P‡c a‡i| K_v e‡j bv, †hb
Df‡qi †kvwY‡Z cÖevwnZ nq GK weij fvebv| †hŠe‡bi mwÜÿ‡Y me ZQbQ n‡q hvIqvi gyn~Z©¸‡jv wd‡i cvIqvi
nvnvKvi| Kvi Rb¨ Ggb K‡i me©¯^ w`‡Z nj I‡ì? wKš‘ †ewkÿY Iiv wb‡Ri †fZi _vK‡Z cv‡i bv| †ewi‡q
Avm‡Z nq| †Kbbv wKQzÿY cici `„k¨¸‡jv AbïKg nq| c‡_i euvK e`‡j hvq| wekvj MvQ¸‡jv A™¢zZ AvKv‡i
ùvwo‡q _v‡K, †Kv_vI ev‡ki Suv‡oi GKUv fw½ dz‡U _v‡K, †Kv_vI †ÿ‡Zi Avj w`‡q †nu‡U hvIqv gvby‡li kixi
we”QzwiZ n‡Z _v‡K, Avjy †ÿ‡Z Dcyo n‡q e‡m _vKv gvby‡li Nvo by‡q †M‡j †mUv gmwR‡ì P‚ovi g‡Zv †MvjvKvi
n‡q hvqÑ cy‡iv AvKvkUv †Kgb by‡q _v‡K, IUv Avi Nb bxj bqÑ a~mi Kvj‡P Ges wcZvRv‡bi myjwjZ K‡Éi
g‡Zv Av”Qbœ K‡i †Ìqv iO Mvwoi MwZi m‡½ QzU‡Z QzU‡Z DavI n‡q hvq| Kx my›ì, Kx my›ì! `yÕ‡ev‡bi AšÍi
nvnvKvi K‡i I‡V| wcZvRvb e‡j‡Qb, GB †`kUv‡K †kL gywRe fvi‡Zi Kv‡Q wewµ Ki‡Z Pvq| GRb¨ cvwK¯Ívb
Avwg© giYcY jovB Ki‡Q| wKš‘ wcZvRvb GUvI †Zv e‡jwQ‡jb †h, Iiv mv”Pv gymjgvb| AvgivI gymjgvb| Iiv
†Kv‡bv ¸bvni KvR Ki‡e bv| wKš‘ GLb? `yÕ‡evb AuvP‡j †PvL Xv‡K| Kuv`‡Z Kuv`‡Z †Pv‡Li cvZv dz‡j hvq|
GKRb Avwgbvi Mv‡q †Vvbv †g‡i e‡j, †iuvZv wKD? gvZ iuI|
`yÕ‡evb Pzc K‡i _v‡K| Iiv wKQz †ev‡S bv| Iiv †f‡e cvq bv †h, †Kb eyS‡Z cv‡i bv| gymjgv‡bi fvlv †Zv I‡ì
†evSv DwPZ| `yÕR‡biB g‡b nq †QvU‡ejv †_‡K wKQz bv ey‡S gyL¯’ Kiv Avgcvivi fvlvq eywS Iiv K_v ej‡Q|
wcZvRvb hw` kyay gyL¯’ bv Kwi‡q fvlvUvi gv‡b eywS‡q w`‡Zb? Zvn‡j `yÕ‡evb Kx ZxÿèK‡É I‡ì m‡½ SMov KiZ?
wcZvRv‡bi KvQ †_‡K †kvbv gymjgv‡bi eY©bvi m‡½ G‡ì‡K wKQz‡ZB †gjv‡Z cv‡i bv Iiv| evievi †f‡m Av‡m
†mB myjwjZ KÉ, g‡b ivL‡e †Zvgiv gymjgvb| cweÎ bvg †i‡LwQ †Zvgv‡ì| Avwg PvB †Zvgiv Zvcmx iv‡eqv
n‡e| `yÕ‡ev‡bi AšÍivZ¥v nvnvKvi K‡i I‡V, AveŸvRvb Avgv‡ì e‡j‡Qb Zvcmx iv‡eqv n‡Z wKš‘ †Kgb K‡i
Zvcmx iv‡eqv ne Avgiv? Avgiv †Zv Avi KL‡bv Avgv‡ì c~e© Rxeb wd‡i cve bv| Iiv bvcvK kix‡i cÖvY Ly‡j
ìƒ` co‡Z cv‡i bv| evsKv‡ii AÜKv‡i `yÕ‡evb gvbwmK kw³i Rb¨ †Kv‡bvwKQz ¯§iY Ki‡Z PvB‡j Aciƒc
cÖvK…wZK `„k¨¸‡jv I‡ì mvg‡b †f‡m I‡V| Ny‡gi g‡a¨ KuwK‡q I‡V gw`bv, Avgiv Ggb †g‡q n‡Z PvBwb| Avgiv
cweÎ KziAv‡bi AvqvZ cÖvYf‡i gyL¯’ K‡i †h‡Z PvB|
`yÕR‡b `yÕR‡bi wc‡V nvZ ey‡jv‡j †Ui †c‡qwQj, gm„Y wcV Agm„Y n‡q †M‡Q| AmsL¨ †QvU eo ÿ‡Zi wPý|
Avwgbv K‡Éi GKB fw½ eRvq †i‡L e‡jwQj, Avgv‡ì kixiUv Avi Avgv‡ì †bB| wn-wn K‡i †n‡m D‡VwQj
gw`bv| nvm‡Z nvm‡Z e‡j, Avgiv †h cvwK¯Ívb iÿv KiwQ|
Avwgbv ej‡Z cv‡iwb, Pzc nvwmm bv| AveŸvRvb ïb‡Z cv‡eb|
evsKv‡ii †fZi `yÕ‡evb Gfv‡e I‡ì AveŸvRvb‡K Kó †_‡K `~‡i ivL‡Z †P‡q‡Q| KZw`b, KZ gvm Mwo‡q‡Q Iiv
Rv‡b bv| bvwK eQi †cwi‡q †Mj?
†ev‡kL gv‡mi K_v I‡ì Lye g‡b Av‡Q, GLb KvwZ©K n‡Z cv‡i| nvjKv kxZ co‡Q| `yÕw`b a‡i ˆmwbK¸‡jv
DwØMœ| mvivÿY Kx Rvwb ejvewj K‡i| evsKv‡i cvnviv †Rvi`vi n‡q‡Q| `yÕ‡evb wdmwdwm‡q e‡j, jovB wK ïiæ
n‡q †Mj?
gw`bvi ïK‡bv gy‡L AvZ©bv`, Avgiv wK GB M‡Z©i †fZi g‡i hve? AveŸv Av¤§vi m‡½ †`Lv n‡e bv?
†eu‡PI †Zv †h‡Z cvwi| hy‡× GB kqZvb¸‡jv me LZg n‡e| wVK e‡jwQm, gyw³‡hv×viv G‡m Avgv‡ì D×vi K‡i
wb‡q hv‡e| Iiv †Zv Avgv‡ì †`‡ki gvbyl|
`yÕw`b ci cÖPÐ †Mvjv¸wji k‡ã Nyg †f‡O hvq `yÕ‡ev‡bi| ˆmwbKiv †PuPv‡gwP K‡i, jovB ïiæ †nv wMqv| gyKzZ Av
wMqv|
cv_‡ii †PvL wb‡q ZvwK‡q _v‡K Iiv| Muv‡qi †g‡q‡ì gy‡L ¯^vaxbZvi K_v kyb‡Q| Iiv Rv‡b bv ¯^vaxbZv Kx,
AveŸvRvb I‡ì eywS‡q †`bwb| wKš‘ wb‡R‡ì w`‡K ZvwK‡q Iiv ¯^vaxbZvi GKUv A_© ùvo Kiv‡Z Pvq| GKRb
gw`bvi Pz‡ji gywV a‡i SuvKzwb w`‡q e‡j, evOvwj MvÏvi| ïqviKv ev”Pv| †m gyn~‡Z© Avwgbvi ùv‡Z Nl©Y n‡j wKowgo
kã I‡V|
A‡bK iv‡Z `yÕ‡evb eyS‡Z cv‡i †Mvjv¸wji kã cÖej n‡q D‡V‡Q| gyw³‡hv×viv wK exi`‡c© GwM‡q Avm‡Q? Avb‡›`
`yÕ‡ev‡bi †PvL wPKwPK K‡i I‡V| Iiv evsKv‡ii †Kvbvq †`qv‡j †njvb w`‡q e‡m Av‡Q| k‡ãi †fZiI I‡ì Nyg
Avm‡Q| GZ w`‡b AvR Iiv cwic~Y© wekÖvg †c‡q‡Q| Iiv gyw³‡hv×v‡ì cÖwZ K…ZÁZv cÖKvk K‡i| Aíÿ‡Y `yÕR‡b
Z›`ªvq Av”Qbœ n‡j †d‡j Avmv fi`ycy‡ii †g‡Vvc_ †`L‡Z cvq| I‡ì wcZvi gy‡L AmsLëvi ï‡b‡Q I‡ì R‡b¥i
mg‡q N‡ii Pv‡j A‡jŠwKK Av‡jv †`Lv wM‡qwQj| †m Av‡jv fi K‡iwQj I‡ì AÜ `vwì †Pv‡L| †mB GKB Av‡jv
dz‡U DV‡Z _v‡K| †Kv_vI †KD †bB| ïay GKRb gvbyl †mvbvwj Pvì Mv‡q w`‡q †mB c_ a‡i GwM‡q Avm‡Q|
`yÕ‡evb D`MÖxe n‡q _v‡K, †K wZwb? Iiv †`L‡Z cvq gvbylwUi nv‡Z ivB‡djÑ †mUv KL‡bv Pv`‡ii wb‡P P‡j hvq,
KL‡bv Pv`‡ii Avovj †_‡K bjUv †ewi‡q G‡m ZvK K‡i k~‡b¨| Qz‡U hvq ¸wj| `yÕ‡evb evsKv‡ii ìRvq gv_v
†Zv‡j| wZwb GwM‡q Av‡mb| e‡jb, †ewi‡q Avmyb| Iiv j¾v cvq| `yÕnv‡Z wb‡R‡ì kixi Xv‡K| †mB †hv×v
gvbylwU †mvbvwj Pvì Ly‡j I‡ì w`‡K evwo‡q †`b| e‡jb, PvìUv Mv‡q Rwo‡q wbb| Avcbv‡ì †Kv‡bv j¾v †bB&
me j¾v Avgv‡ì| Avmyb, †ewi‡q Avmyb| †`Lyb Pviw`‡K †Kgb Ac~e© Av‡jv|
GKB m‡½ `yÕ‡ev‡bi Nyg †f‡½ hvq|
ci¯ú‡ii w`‡K ZvKvq| Avwgbv D”Q¡wmZ n‡q e‡j, Avwg GKUv A™¢zZ ¯^cœ †`‡LwQ gw`bv|
AvwgI †`‡LwQ| gw`bvi KÉ D”Q¡v‡m Lvb Lvb n‡q hvq|
`yÕ‡evb †R‡M †_‡KI ¯^‡cœi †fZi Wz‡e hvq|
mycyiæl GK †hv×v I‡ì K‡ivwUi Nb Kzqvkvi †fZi w`‡q †nu‡U Avm‡Q me j¾v Avovj K‡i †Ìqvi Rb¨|
`yÕ†ev‡bi kix‡i A™¢zZ wkniYÑ Ggb Avb›` I‡ì †lvj eQ‡ii Rxe‡b GB cÖ_g|
Avwgbvi nvZ Rwo‡q a‡i gw`bv e‡j, Avwg Ggb gvbyl‡K fvjevm‡Z PvB|
Avwgbv AcjK `„wó‡Z Ii w`‡K ZvwK‡q e‡i, AvwgI|
evB‡ii cÖPÐ †Mvjv¸wji kã I‡ì wknwiZ K‡i|

AvZ©bv`Ñ µ›`b, KvZi, wPrKvi| B¾ZÑ gvb, m¤§vb, mZxZ¡, m¤£g| BgvgÑ whwb bvgv‡R †bZ…Z¡ †`b, hvi wcQ‡b
ùvwo‡q Rvgv‡Z bvgvR cov nq| K‡ivwUÑ gv_vi Lywj| `ykgbÑ kÎy| bvcvKÑ AcweÎ| gvZ iIÑ Pzc _vK, †Kv‡bv
K_v bvB| †iuvZv wKDÑ Kuv` †Kb? wknwiZÑ †ivgvwÂZ| myjwjZÑ AwZkq my›ì, g‡bvni |
mvims‡ÿc
Avwgbv I gw`bv‡K D×vi Kivi Rb¨ gyqvw¾b Avj Avwgb mgv‡Ri MY¨-gvb¨ A‡b‡Ki Kv‡Q hvq| wKš‘ †KDB
Zv‡K mvnvh¨ K‡i bv| mevB e‡j cvwK¯Ívwb evwnbx hv K‡i‡Q, meB a‡g©i Rb¨ K‡i‡Q| Avwgbv I gw`bv‡K GK
K¨v¤ú †_‡K Ab¨ K¨v‡¤ú wb‡q hvq cvwK¯Ívwb ˆmbïv| `yB †evb Amnvqfv‡e w`b KvUv‡Z _v‡K| Ae‡k‡l GKw`b
gyw³‡hv×viv cvK-evwnbx‡K civwRZ K‡i Avwgbv I gw`bv‡K D×vi K‡i |

5. gmwR‡ì Bgvg Avj- Avwg‡bi wbKU wK‡m iƒcvšÍwiZ nq?
K. KgvÛvi L. LvUvm
M. ˆmwbK N. wgwjUvwi
6. ciw`b mKvj‡ejv Avj-Avwgb‡K †Pbv hvw”Qj bv †h Kvi‡YÑ
K. cvM‡ji g‡Zv AvPiY Kivq L. †Pnvivq byi cÖwZdwjZ nIqvq
M. Dcyo n‡q Nvo by‡q hvIqvq N. LvUv‡m iƒcvšÍwiZ nIqvq
1971 mv‡ji Ry‡bi ga¨ mgq| cvwK¯Ívwb‡ì ev¼v‡i Amnvq Ae¯’vq c‡o Av‡Q `yB evÜex Ñ AešÍx I Z…lv| cvK
†mbviv ev¼v‡ii evB‡i †M‡j AešÍx e‡j D‡V, Avgiv Ggb †g‡q n‡Z PvBwb| AešÍxi K_v ï‡b nvwm cvq Z…lvi|
e‡j, Avgv‡ì †h cvwK¯Ívb‡K iÿv Ki‡Z n‡e|
7. DÏxc‡Ki AešÍxi m‡½ ÔAvwgbv I gw`bvi MíÕ iPbvi Kvi mv`„k¨ i‡q‡Q?
K. gw`bv L. Avwgbv
M. †Rvniv N. iv‡eqv
8. DÏxcK Ges ÔAvwgbv I gw`bvi MíÕ iPbvq cÖKvk †c‡q‡QÑ
i. e¨½
ii. †ÿvf
iii. K…ZÁZv
K. i L. ii
M. iii N. iii
P~ovšÍ g~j¨vqb
9. †Pqvig¨v‡bi m‡½ Kvi LvwZi i‡q‡Q?
K. gyqvw¾b L. Bgvg
M. KgvÛvi N. my`k©b cyiæl
10. Avj-Avwgb‡K gv`ªvmvq fwZ© Kiv n‡qwQj †h Kvi‡YÑ
K. Kzc‡_ hv‡e bv L. cvwK¯Ívb‡K iÿv Ki‡e
M. kvwšÍ KwgwUi †Pqvig¨vb n‡e N. mv”Pv ˆmwbK n‡e
gyw³i gw›ì †mvcvb Z‡j
KZ cÖvY n‡jv ewj`vb, †jLv Av‡Q AkÖæR‡j|
KZ wecøex eÜzi i‡³ ivOv, ew›`kvjvi IB wkKj fvOv
Zuviv wK wdi‡e bv Avi?
Zuviv wK wdi‡e GB mycÖfv‡ZÑ
hZ ZiæY AiæY †M‡Q A¯ÍvP‡j|
11. DÏxc‡Ki ZiæY‡ì m‡½ ÔAvwgbv I gw`bvi MíÕ iPbvq Kv‡ì mv`„k¨ i‡q‡Q?
K. Avwgbv I gw`bv L. Bgvg I gyqvw¾b
M. cvwK¯Ívwb †mbv N. †Rvniv I iv‡eqv
12. DÏxcK Ges ÔAvwgbv I gw`bvi MíÕ iPbvq cÖKvwkZ n‡q‡QÑ
K. fv‡jvevmvi cÖZ¨vkv L. gyw³ I ¯^vaxbZvi ¯^cœ
M. my`k©b cyiæ‡li ¯^cœ N. Av‡jvi AvKv•ÿv
ay‡Ëvi eB| eB wb‡q n‡e Uv wK ïwb| KvM‡Ri ey‡K wnwewRwe AvuK KvUv h‡Zv me AveR©bv| IB AveR©bvq nvZ
w`‡q cvK-‰mbïv bv-cvK n‡Z Pvqwb| nvZ †hLv‡b- †mLv‡bB †Ìqv hvq bv wK| nvZ †Ìqv hvq †ivwU I
ivB‡d‡j| Avi AvIiv‡Zi Mv‡q| `ywbqvi †miv wPR AvIivZ, AvIi ivB‡dj| †ivwU †L‡q Mv‡qi ZvKvZ evovI,
ivB‡dj a‡i cÖwZcÿ‡K LZg Ki, Zvici AvIivZ wb‡q d~wZ© Ki| Rxeb m¤ú‡K© GB aviYvq Avg‡bi Av¯’v †bB,
†Kv‡bv evOvwji †bB| Avgb hZÿY cvi‡jb cÖvYc‡Y cÖPÐ AvZ©-nvnvKvi‡K enb Ki‡jb| wejvc K‡i K‡i
†e`bv‡K †S‡o †dj‡Z PvB‡jb|
K. Avj-Avwg‡bi evwo‡Z KZRb cvwK¯Ívwb †mbv G‡mwQj?
L. Bgvg‡K †Kb ÔLvUvmÕ ejv n‡q‡Q?
M. DÏxc‡K Kw_Z ÔAvIiZÕ Avcbvi cwVZ M‡í Kv‡K cÖwZwbwaZ¡ K‡i? ÑAv‡jvPbv Kiæb|
N. Òhy× gvbeRxe‡b Kj¨vY bq, wech©q‡KB †W‡K Av‡b|Ó ÑDÏxc‡Ki Avgb Ges ÔAvwgbv I gw`bvi MíÕ
iPbvi Avj-Avwgb Pwi‡Îi Av‡jv‡K gšÍe¨wU wePvi Kiæb|

K.
gyqvw¾b Avj-Avwg‡bi evwo‡Z wZbRb cvwK¯Ívwb ˆmb¨ G‡mwQj|
L.
gmwR‡ì Bgvg‡K Avj-Avwg‡bi wbKU LvUvm e‡j g‡b n‡q‡Q|
Avj-Avwgb wb‡Ri `yB †g‡q‡K iÿv Ki‡Z bv †c‡i gmwR‡ì Bgv‡gi wbKU Qz‡U Av‡m| †m Zvi `yB Kb¨v‡K
D×vi Kivi Rb¨ Bgv‡gi cv Rwo‡q a‡i| wKš‘ Bgvg mv‡ne e‡jb †h, GUv n‡”Q Cgv‡bi cixÿv| Bmjvg ag© GLb
wecbœ| ZvB Av‡M ag©‡K iÿv Ki‡Z n‡e| Avj Avwgb Rxe‡b GB cÖ_g ivRbxwZ‡Z a‡g©i weK…Z eënvi Dcjwä
K‡i| ZvB Zvi wbKU gmwR‡ì Bgvg LvUv‡m iƒcvšÍwiZ n‡q‡Q|
M.
DÏxc‡K ewY©Z AvIivZ ÔAvwgbv I gw`bvi MíÕ iPbvq Avwgbv I gw`bv‡K cÖwZwbwaZ¡ K‡i|

1971 mv‡j cvwK¯Ívwb †mbvevwnbx evsjv‡`‡k GK giYNvZx hy× ïiæ K‡i| Gi D‡Ïk¨ wQj evOvwj RvwZi ¯^vaxbZv
¯ú„nv‡K `gb Kiv| G mg‡q cvK‡mbviv wbwe©Pv‡i nZ¨v, ¸g, jyU I AwMœms‡hvM K‡i Rbg‡b Îv‡mi ivRZ¡ m„wó
K‡i| gyw³hy‡×i bqgvm evOvwj bvix‡ì Dci cvkweK wbh©vZb G hy‡×i GKwU Kj¼gq w`K|
DÏxc‡K ejv n‡q‡Q `ywbqvi †miv wPR AvIiZ| hy‡× cÖwZcÿ‡K LZg K‡i AvIiZ wb‡q d~wZ© Ki‡Z n‡e| ÔAvwgbv
I gw`bvi MíÕ iPbvwU‡ZI †`Lv hvq, gyqvw¾b Avj-Avwg‡bi `yB †g‡q‡K cvwK¯Ívwb †mbviv Zz‡j wb‡q hvq|
GKmgq Zv‡ì AvkÖq nq cvK‡mbv‡ì evsKv‡i| ‰kk‡e `yB‡evb Zvcmx iv‡eqv nIqvi ¯^cœ †`L‡jI kÎæ †mbviv
Zv‡ì kixi bvcvK K‡i †`q| gw`bvi wbKU †kø‡l g‡b nq †h GwU cvwK¯Ívb iÿv Kivi Dcvq| AZGe, ejv hvq
DÏxc‡Ki †PZbv ÔAvwgbv I gw`bvi MíÕ iPbvq Avwgbv I gw`bv Pwi‡Î cÖwZdwjZ n‡q‡Q|
N.
DÏxc‡Ki Avg‡bi nvnvKvi ÔAvwgbv I gw`bvi MíÕ iPbvq wcZv Avj-Avwg‡bi wejv‡c cwiYZ n‡q‡Q|
gyw³hy‡×i mgq cvwK¯Ívwb nvbv`vi evwnbx evsjvi RbM‡Yi Dci wbg©g AZ¨vPvi Pvwj‡qwQj| Zv‡ì nZ¨v, al©Y I
jyUcv‡U evOvwji Rxeb `ywe©ln n‡q D‡V| GKmgq G hy× RvwZi Rxe‡b gvbweK wech©q †W‡K wb‡q Av‡m| KvjvšÍ‡i
GLvbKvi AwaevmxivI g„Zy¨fq D‡cÿv K‡i kÎæ nb‡bi kc_ MÖnY K‡i|
DÏxc‡K hy×iZ GK`j ˆmwb‡Ki weK…Z gvbwmKZvi cwiPq cvIqv hvq| Zv‡ì g‡Z `ywbqvi †miv wPR bvix| Avgb
G g‡bvfve‡K †g‡b wb‡Z cv‡ibwb| mgKvjxb hy×ve¯’v ch©‡eÿY K‡i Zvi ü`q AvZ©nvnvKv‡i f‡i D‡V| wZwb
wejvc K‡i Zvi g‡bvhš¿Yv‡K †S‡o †dj‡Z †P‡q‡Qb| Ab¨w`‡K ÔAvwgbv I gw`bvi MíÕ iPbvq †`Lv hvq, gyqvw¾b
Avj-Avwgb Cgvb`vi gymjgvb n‡qI hy×iZ ˆmwbK‡ì wbKU n‡Z Zvi `yB †g‡q Avwgbv I gw`bv‡K iÿv Ki‡Z
cv‡i bv| †m cvM‡ji g‡Zv gv‡Vi g‡a¨ Nyi‡Z Nyi‡Z `yÕnvZ Dc‡i Zz‡j b„Z¨ Ki‡Z _v‡K| Zv‡K A‡bK K‡ó evwo
Avbv nq| wKš‘ ciw`b mKvj‡ejvq D™¢~Z cwiw¯’wZ‡Z Avj-Avwg‡bi ¯§„wZweåg N‡U, †m Avi †jvK wPb‡Z cv‡i bv|
DÏxc‡K Avgb Ges ÔAvwgbv I gw`bvi MíÕ iPbvq Avj- Avwg‡bi ü`‡q hy× Mfxi ÿZ m„wó K‡i‡Q| hy× Zv‡ì
Rxe‡bi ¯^vfvweK MwZaviv‡K cv‡ë w`‡qwQj| Dciš‘ ivRbxwZ‡Z ag© I gvbeZvi Acgvb‡K Zviv mnRfv‡e MÖnY
Ki‡Z cv‡ibwb| e¯‘Z hy‡×i b„ksmZv Av‡jvP¨ `yB Pwi‡Îi Rxe‡b gvbweK wech©q †W‡K G‡bwQj|

¯‹zj Ni RbcÖvYxk~b¨| †`qv‡j Uv½v‡bv eø¨vK‡ev‡W© Lwo gvwU‡Z Klv GKUv Aa©mgvß A¼ Qvov wKQz †Pv‡L c‡o bv|
Pvi PviUv ìRv Ges me¸‡jv Rvbvjv †Lvjv| nwigwZ, mygwZ Xz‡K `g †bqvi Av‡MB Lvb †mbv‡ì ey‡Ui `vcU
ïb‡Z cvq| IivI wKQzÿY `g †bq| Pvwiw`‡K cÖvPxi| mk¯¿ wkKvwi Ges wkKvi `yBUvB †fZ‡i| wKQzÿY gv †g‡qi
AvZ©bv` I‡V| c‡i wbtkã n‡q hvq ¯‹zj Ni| nwigwZ mygwZ‡K Iiv nZ¨v K‡i bv| i³v³ AÁvb Ae¯’vq †d‡j Lvb
†mbviv ivB‡dj Kuv‡a ¯‹zj Ni Z¨vM K‡i|
K. wec‡ì mgq wK co‡Z nq?
L. ÔI gv, Avcwb cvMj n‡jb?Õ ÑDw³wU eywS‡q ejyb|
M. DÏxc‡Ki nwigwZ I mygwZÕi m‡½ ÔAvwgbv I gw`bvi MíÕ iPbvi †Kvb Pwi‡Îi mv`„k¨ i‡q‡Q?
ÑAv‡jvPbv Kiæb|
N. ÒDÏxcK Ges ÔAvwgbv I gw`bvi MíÕ iPbvq bvix PwiÎ¸‡jv hy×Kvjxb mg‡q GKBiKg wbg©gZvi
wkKvi|Ó ÑgšÍe¨wU we‡kølY Kiæb|

1. M 2. K 3. K 4. K 5. L 6. K 7. K 8. K 9. M 10. K 11. K 12. L

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HSC-1854 D”PZi evsjvÑ3

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HSC-1854 D”PZi evsjvÑ7

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HSC-1854 D”PZi evsjvÑ13

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HSC-1854 D”PZi evsjvÑ21

HSC-1854 D”PZi evsjvÑ23

wbe©vwPZ k‡ãi A_© I UxKv :

HSC-1854 D”PZi evsjvÑ25

HSC-1854 D”PZi evsjvÑ27

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HSC-1854 D”PZi evsjvÑ29

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HSC-1854 D”PZi evsjvÑ47

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