ANALISIS DE REGISTROS ELECTRICOS

EVALUACION DE FORMACIONES
(a hueco abierto)
HISTORICAL SLB
FIRST Electric
LOG

Pechelbronn,
France 1927

10 February
2005
HISTORICAL SLB
The first logging truck

10 February
2005
 (Adquisición y) PROCESAMIENTO DE DATOS DEL
RESERVORIO
OBJETIVO: Evaluación de Formaciones / Yacimientos ($)

• PERFILES
– Herramientas
– Principios BASICOS de funcionamiento / medición
– Aplicaciones (cualitativas, cuantitativas)
– Ecuaciones (parámetros)
– CARACTERISTICAS PETROFISICAS
• CORONAS
• ENSAYOS
• CONTROL GEOLOGICO (Mud Logging)
 EVALUACION DE FORMACIONES / YACIMIENTOS
SP CORES Descripción (X ray, Th. Sec) PHIE

correlación

estáticos
CCA (Phi, K, GD, Sw) Sw
GR (NGT) SCAL (Kr, Swi, Shcr, mf, OB) Vsh

IND / RES TEST RFT / MDT (Pres, fluidos, Mob)

dinam.
DST (fluidos, K*h) K
RHOB - NPHI
porosidad

MUD LOG Cutting (litología, fluidos) NS, NP, N/G

DT Co GAS (cromatografía) OWC, GOC
Sh, St ROP
Litología
IMÁGENES
NT (CMR, C/O) Mineralogía

RAW DATA NON-LOG DATA INTERP. DATA

ECUACIONES
(parámetros)

TECNOLOGIA a mano ábacos calculadoras computadoras

INTERPRETE ! ! !
 Preparación de datos

• 1/3 o 1/2 del tiempo total de análisis. Subestimado por los jefes.
• Missing data Pseudocurvas
• Depth matching Pozos viejos (no combos)
• Correcciones ambientales Borehole (caliper, densidad del lodo,
presión y temperatura de Fm,
salinidad agua de Fm)
GR, Deep Res, Neu (TNPH), Den.
• Normalización Logs viejos (Batch processing). Regresiones,
histogramas.
Post 1980 no es importante
Cuidado con la heterogeneidad natural

04/12/2002 Principios Básicos. D. Astesiano 8

 Preparación de datos

• Coronas Depth shift. GR, Phi, descripción

Rec alta Fácil
Rec baja Problemática y cuestionada

• Zonación preliminar Geológica: Formaciones, unidades,

secuencias
Quicklook : Zonas no - geológicas (fluidos,
anomalías ...)

04/12/2002 Principios Básicos. D. Astesiano 9

 Modelos de interpretación

• Determinístico Secuencial (step by step)

Quicklook orden de magnitud, wellsite, rápido, logs
viejos, sin calibración con coronas u otros non - log data.
– Corrección de ambiente, Vsh, Ø, Sw, K ?, NS - NP.

• Multimineral Matricial
– Relación ecuaciones / incógnitas.

04/12/2002 Principios Básicos. D. Astesiano 7

Core
Conventional analysis
Special analysis
Photos
Petrographic studies
Mapping
Petrophysics
Logs Volumetrics
(static)
Conventional Fundamental objectives
Special purpos Sw
Simulation
RFTs
K (dynamic)

N:G
Dynamic data Development Decisions
Well tests And
Production data
RFTs Cost Effective Exploitation

Geology

ØThe central role of Petrophysics is to INTEGRATE ALL DATA relevant to o. Sw and k

Intergrated Petrophysics is:

Collating and analyzing all pertinet data

Empirical: predicting Unknowns from Knowns by correlation
Part rock part fluid: midway between the rocks and fluids
Departments (Eploration & Production)
Never complete: lack of factS, understanding or time
More difficult with more data, but better
Hard to sell: less data.... Less argument...less work
Major Petrophysical Difficulties

Low porosities (<10%)

Fresh or variable formation waters
Clay minerals
Heterogeneity on a centimetre-decimetre scale
Fractures
Badhole
----------------------------------------------------------
Lack of core over full range of heterogeneity
Bad muds
New tools not linked to tools
Invalid porosities over marginal rock
Incompatible log porosity for saturation equation
Emphasis on issues not important to required output
 Types and Scales of Reservoir Data

GIGA MEGA MACRO MICRO

INTERPRETATION SEISMIC CORE THIN

GEOLOGICAL PRODUCTION LOGS SECTION
ENGINEERING PRESSURE TRANSIENT

GOAL: Early Integration of Data

Petrophysical technologies used in reservoir characterization

SC
AL
EI
NC
RE
Microscropy AS
E
Vertical Resolution

Plug Analysis

Full Diameter

Well Logs

Outerop Studies

Depth of Investigation
Introducción a la caracterización de reservorios de hidrocarburos
Necesarias para su determinación que puede ser extensible al resto de los ambientes
Depositaciones. La tabla 4 presenta un esquema de estas relaciones así como su relación
De costos comparativo.

Relación entre información, calidad del dato y costo comparativo asociado

 •Ojo humano sin ayuda mirando una corona feteada de 4 pulgadas a una distancia de 60 cm
•# Detector de 3 pulgadas de diámetro aplicado a una corona de 4 pulgadas
• n/a no aplicable

Características de distintas mediciones (modificado de Hunt et al., 1996

CONTROL PANELS
COMPUTER
CABLE WINCH
RECORDER
DEPTH
MEASUREMENT

WIRELINE

WIRELINE

Wellsite setup for logging (courtesy Gearhart)

Schlumberger depth accuracy

• Logger’s depth is more precise than Driller’s

depth. Driller’s depth does not include
stretch.

• Accuracy: +/- 5ft in 10,000 ft (0.05%)

• Repeatability: +/- 2ft in 10,000 ft (0.02%)

 SLB Today
Contemporary Logging
Setup

10 February
2005
 SLB Today
Schlu

Schlum

Schlu

Schlum

Modular MAXIS

MAXIS

10 February
2005
 HISTORICAL SLB
InterACT

A MAXIS service allowing real time transmission of logging data

from the wellsite to be viewed at the customers’ office PC.

10 February
2005
 Historical Perspective
• 1912 - Electrical Prospecting from surface
• 1927 - First “Electrical Coring” in
Pechelbronn
• 1929 - Commercial Logging Ven., US, Russia
• 1933 - “Electrical Logging”
• 30’s - Core Sample Takers
• 40’s - SP, Improved Resistivity, Dipmeters
• 50’s - Microlog, Laterolog, Induction, Sonic,
Fluid Samplers
• 60’s - Neutron Porosity,Bulk Density
• 70’s - Tool Combinations, Data recording
• 80’s - CyberService Unit. Digital Telemetry,
Imaging tools, LWD,TLC
• 90’s - Maxis 500, PEx, MDT, CMR,
DSI, FMI, Minimum Configuration
Maxis, real time data transmission
• 00’s - the sky’s the limit

10 February
2005
 Evaluation Services
Reservoir evaluation: Ø, k, Vsh, Sw
Geological evaluation
Geophysical evaluation
•Electrical Fluid saturation Sw
•Nuclear Porosity Ø
Lithology
Shaliness Vsh,
•Acoustic Porosity Ø
Mechanical properties
•Magnetic Porosity Ø
Resonance Permeability k
•Imaging Geological
•Seismic Geophysical
•Formation Permeability k
pressure & Physical samples
samples

10 February
2005
 SP_2 ILD_1
-80 MV 20 0.2 OHMM 200
GR_1 ILM_1 RHOB_1
DEPTH
0 GAPI 200 METRES 0.2 OHMM 200 1.95 G/C3 2.95
CALI_1 SFLU_1 NPHI_2 DT_1
6 IN 16 0.2 OHMM 200 0.45 V/V -0.15 140 US/F 40

XX55.0

XX75

XX00

XX25

XX50

XX65.0
 Pm

Pf

Pm << Pf Blowout / kick

Pm < Pf Underbalance (aporte)

Pm = Pf Equilibrio

Pm > Pf INVASION

Pm >> Pf Fractura (admision)

 INVASION PROCESS

Sand

Shale

Sand

Shale

Sand
Before Invasion
During Invasion
After Invasion
 PORE BRIDGING (MODIFIED AFTER DARLEY, 1975)

Mud
Hole
Flow

External Filter Cake

Bridging Zone

Zone Invaded by
the Mud Spurt

Uncontaminated
Formation

A-DOWNHOLE VIEW OF PARTICLE INVASION DEMONSTRATES

HOW INITIAL FLUSHING CAN CLOG PORE THROATS
Borehole
Basic Material
Schlumberger

Symbols Used in Log Interpretation

Gen-3

Gen

Resistivity of the zone

Resistivity of the water in the zone
Water saturation in the zone
Mud

Rm
Adjacent bed

Rs

Uninvaded
hmc zone
Flushed
zone Rt
Rm c Zone of
transition
dh or
(Bed Rw
thickness) annulus
Mudcake Rx o
Sw
h Rm f

Sx o

Rs
di
dj
Adjacent bed

(Invasion diameters)

∆rj

dh
Hole
diameter

© Schlumberger

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