Documentos de Académico
Documentos de Profesional
Documentos de Cultura
Diseño Puente Tipo Losa
Diseño Puente Tipo Losa
Realizar el diseño para el puente de losa maciza simplemente apoyado mostrado en la Figura 01,
la luz medida entre ejes de apoyos es de 10 m, la carga viva de diseño es HL-93. El ancho de la
calzada es de 9 m, se prevee la colocacion de una carpeta asfaltica de 50 mm de espesor, el
concreto a usar en la losa es de f'c = 280 kg/cm2 y fy = 4200 kg/cm2. La vereda tiene un ancho de
1.25 m, y la baranda tiene un peso por metro lineal de 150 kg/m. Use un nivel de exposicion
agresivo para el control de fisuras.
(a)
(b)
(c)
6
Es ≔ 2.039 ⋅ 10 ―― Modulo de elasticidad del acero
2
⎛ L + 10 ⎞
hmin ≔ 1.2 ⋅ ⎜―――⎟ = 521.92
⎝ 30 ⎠
h ≔ 550
L = 32.808
W = 37.73
L1 ≔ min (L , 60 ) = 10
W1 ≔ min (W , 30 ) = 9.144
⎛ L1 W1 ⎞
‾‾‾‾‾‾‾
ES ≔ ⎜10 + 5 ― ⋅ ―― ⎟⋅ = 4.238
⎝ ⎠
W1 ≔ min (W , 60 ) = 11.5
⎛ Wlane ⎞
NL ≔ trunc ⎜――⎟ = 2
⎝ 12 ⎠
⎛⎛ L1 W1 ⎞
‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ W⎞
EM ≔ min ⎜⎜84 + 1.44 ― ⋅ ―― ⎟⋅ , ―― ⎟ = 3.42
⎝⎝ ⎠ NL ⎠
Los puentes tipo losa deberan estar diseñados para la carga viva vehicular especificada en el
articulo 3.6.1.2 de AASHTO LRFD incluyendo la carga de carril 3.6.1.3.3
1. Maximo Momento
Camion:
L
x ≔ ―+ 2.33
2
‖ x ⋅ (L − x)) |
MTr ≔ ‖ y2 ← ―――― |
‖ L |
‖ if x ≤ 14 | |
‖
‖ y1 ← 0 | |
‖ |
‖ |
else |
‖ |
‖ y |
‖ 2 |
‖ y1 ← ―⋅ (x − 14 )
‖ x |
‖ |
‖ |
‖ if (L − x)) ≤ 14 |
|
‖ ‖‖ y3 ← 0 |
|
‖ else |
|
‖ ‖ ||
‖ ‖ y ← y2 ⋅ (L − x − 14 |
―― ) |
‖ ‖ 3 L−x ||
‖ |
‖ ⎛⎝32 y1 + 32 y2 + 8 y3⎞⎠ ⋅ |
MTr = 44.587 ⋅
Tandem:
L
x ≔ ―+ 1
2
‖ x ⋅ (L − x)) |
MTa ≔ ‖ y1 ← ―――― |
‖ L |
‖ if x ≤ 4 ||
‖ ‖ y2 ← 0 ||
‖ ||
‖
else ||
‖
‖ y1 |
‖
‖ y2 ← ―⋅ (x − 4 ) |
‖ x |
‖ |
‖ |
‖ ⎛⎝25 y1 + 25 y2⎞⎠ ⋅ |
MTa = 49.997 ⋅
Carril:
2
0.64 ――⋅L
MLa ≔ ―――――
8
MLa = 11.905 ⋅
MLL_IM = 78.401 ⋅
Importancia, ηI
1.0 N.A. N.A.
U=1.0(DC+DW)+1.0(LL+IM)+0.3(WS+WL)+1.0FR
U=0.75(LL+IM)
1. Franja Interior
MLL_IM
MLL_IM_FI ≔ ―――
E
1
MLL_IM_FI = 22.921 ⋅ ⋅―
2. Franja de Borde
⎛ E ⎞
EFB ≔ min wb + 12 + ―, 72
⎜⎝ 4 ⎟⎠
EFB = 1.829
MLL_IM
1.0 ―――
2
MLL_IM_FB ≔ ――――
EFB
1
MLL_IM_FB = 21.435 ⋅ ⋅―
1. Franja Interior
1
Losa de concreto wl ≔ h ⋅ γc = 1.375 ―――⋅―
2
wl ⋅ L 1
MDC_FI ≔ ――― = 17.188 ⋅ ⋅―
8
⎛ Wlane ⎞ 1
Asfalto wa ≔ ha ⋅ γa ⋅ ⎜――⎟ = 0.086 ―――⋅―
⎝ W ⎠
2 pb 1
Vereda y baranda wv_b ≔ ―― = 0.144 ――― ⋅―
W
2
⎛⎝wa + wv_b⎞⎠ ⋅ L 1
MDW_FI ≔ ―――――= 2.872 ⋅ ⋅―
8
2. Franja de Borde
1
Losa de concreto wl_b ≔ h ⋅ γc = 1.375 ―――⋅―
2
wl_b ⋅ L 1
MDC_FB ≔ ―――= 17.188 ⋅ ⋅―
8
⎛ Wlane ⎞ 1
Asfalto wa ≔ ha ⋅ γa ⋅ ⎜――⎟ = 0.086 ―――⋅―
⎝ W ⎠
2 pb 1
Vereda y baranda wv_b ≔ ―― = 0.144 ――― ⋅―
W
2
⎛⎝wa + wv_b⎞⎠ ⋅ L 1
MDW_FB ≔ ―――――= 2.872 ⋅ ⋅―
8
≔1
Numero de varilla Diametro de varilla Area de varilla
⎡ 3 ⎤ ⎡ 9.5 ⎤ ⎡ 71 ⎤
⎢ 4 ⎥ ⎢ 12.7 ⎥ ⎢ 129 ⎥
⎢ 5 ⎥ ⎢ 15.9 ⎥ ⎢ 199 ⎥ 2
num ≔ ⎢ ⎥ diam ≔ ⎢ area ≔ ⎢
6 19.1 ⎥ 284 ⎥
⎢ 8 ⎥ ⎢ 25.4 ⎥ ⎢ 510 ⎥
⎢ ⎥ ⎢ ⎥ ⎢ ⎥
⎣ 11 ⎦ ⎣ 34.9 ⎦ ⎣ 1006 ⎦
re ≔ 25 Recubrimiento
⎛ diama ⎞
d ≔ h − ⎜re + diamat + ――― ⎟
⎝ 2 ⎠
d = 512.3 Peralte efectivo
3
b⋅h 4
Ig ≔ ――= 0.014 Inercia bruta de la seccion transversal
12
h
yt ≔ ―= 0.275 distancia del centroide a la fibra en traccion
2
Mu1 = 65.904 ⋅
Ig
Snc ≔ ― Modulo de seccion no compuesta en fibra extrema traccionada
yt
3
Snc = 0.05
‾‾‾‾
f'c
fr ≔ 0.24 ―― ⋅ Esfuerzo maximo del concreto a traccion
AASTHO LRFD 5.4.2.6
fr = 33.674 ――
2
⎛ ⎛ Sc ⎞⎞
Mcr ≔ γ3 ⋅ ⎜⎝⎛γ1 ⋅ fr + γ2 ⋅ fcpe⎞⎠ ⋅ Sc − Mdnc ⋅ ⎜―― − 1⎟⎟ Momento critico de agrietamiento
⎝ ⎝ Snc ⎠⎠ AASTHO LRFD 5.7.3.3.2
Mcr = 18.199 ⋅
Mu2 = 18.199 ⋅
Por lo tanto el momento con el que se diseña sera el mayor de Mu1 y Mu2
Mu = 65.904 ⋅
Mu ⎛ ⎛ ⎛ f'c − 4 ⎞⎞⎞
Ku ≔ ――= 25.111 ―― β1 ≔ ⎜f'c ≤ 4 , 0.85 , max ⎜0.65 , 0.85 − 0.05 ⎜―――― ⎟⎟⎟
2 2
b⋅d ⎝ ⎝ ⎝ ⎠⎠⎠
fy ⎛ f'c 87000 ⎞
m1 ≔ ―――= 17.647 ρmax ≔ 0.75 ⋅ ⎜0.85 β1 ⋅ ― ⋅ ――――― ⎟
0.85 ⋅ f'c ⎝ fy 87000 + fy ⎠
ρmax = 0.0214
1 ⎛ 2 m1 ⋅ Ku ⎞
‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾
ρreq ≔ ――⋅ ⎜1 − 1 − ―――⎟ = 0.00709
m1 ⎝ ϕf ⋅ fy ⎠
ρmin ≔ 0.0018 Por contraccion y
temperatura para 2 caras
3 2
As_req ≔ ρreq ⋅ b ⋅ d = ⎛⎝3.63 ⋅ 10 ⎞⎠
2
As_req
――= 3.63 ――
b
Se dispone de una distribucion de acero adecuada
2
areap ≔ area = 510
i
b 3 2
As ≔ areap ⋅ ―― = ⎛⎝4.08 ⋅ 10 ⎞⎠
esp
2
As
― = 4.08 ――
b
⎛ diamp ⎞
d ≔ h − ⎜re + diamat + ――― ⎟ = 512.3 Peralte efectivo definitivo
⎝ 2 ⎠
As ⋅ fy
a ≔ ―――― = 72
0.85 ⋅ f'c ⋅ b
⎛ a⎞
Mn ≔ As ⋅ fy ⋅ ⎜d − ― = 81.619 ⋅ Momento nominal
⎝ 2 ⎟⎠
ϕf ⋅ Mn = 73.457 ⋅
Mu
DC ≔ ――― = 0.897 Indice Demanda - Capacidad (Flexion)
ϕf ⋅ Mn
Ms = 42.981 ⋅
‾‾‾‾‾
f'c 5
Ec ≔ 15000 ――⋅ ―― = ⎛⎝2.51 ⋅ 10 ⎞⎠ ――
2 2
―― 2
Es
n1 ≔ ― = 8.124
Ec
n ≔ round ⎛⎝n1 , 0⎞⎠ = 8
Restricciones Valores de prueba
x1 ≔ 1
1 2
―⋅ b ⋅ x1 = n ⋅ As ⋅ ⎛⎝d − x1⎞⎠
2
Solver
x≔ ⎛⎝x1⎞⎠ = 153.124
1 3 2
Icr ≔ ―b ⋅ x + n ⋅ As ⋅ (d − x)) Momento de Inercia Agrietado xs ≔ x
3
4
Icr = 0.005
Ms ⋅ (d − x)) ⎛ 3 Ms ⋅ x
fs ≔ n ⋅ ―――― = ⎝2.284 ⋅ 10 ⎞⎠ ―― fc ≔ ――= 121.706 ――
2 2
Icr Icr
fs fc
―= 0.544 ― = 0.435
fy f'c
diamp
dc ≔ re + ――― = 37.7 Espesor de concreto de la fibra en traccion a
2 centroide de acero
dc
βs ≔ 1 + ――――= 1.105
0.7 ⋅ ⎛⎝h − dc⎞⎠
700 ⋅ γe
Smax ≔ ――― ⋅ − 2 ⋅ dc
fs
βs ⋅ ――
Smax = 172.24
Revision_Fisuracion = “OK”
Mu1 = 63.304 ⋅
Ig
Snc ≔ ― Modulo de seccion no compuesta en fibra extrema traccionada
yt
3
Snc = 0.05
‾‾‾‾
f'c
fr ≔ 0.24 ―― ⋅ Esfuerzo maximo del concreto a traccion
AASTHO LRFD 5.4.2.6
fr = 33.674 ――
2
⎛ ⎛ Sc ⎞⎞
Mcr ≔ γ3 ⋅ ⎜⎝⎛γ1 ⋅ fr + γ2 ⋅ fcpe⎞⎠ ⋅ Sc − Mdnc ⋅ ⎜―― − 1⎟⎟ Momento critico de agrietamiento
⎝ ⎝ Snc ⎠⎠ AASTHO LRFD 5.7.3.3.2
Mcr = 18.199 ⋅
Se debe de diseñar al menos para el menor de Mcr o 1.33Mu AASTHO LRFD 5.7.3.3.2
Mu2 = 18.199 ⋅
Por lo tanto el momento con el que se diseña sera el mayor de Mu1 y Mu2
Mu = 63.304 ⋅
Mu ⎛ ⎛ ⎛ f'c − 4 ⎞⎞⎞
Ku ≔ ――= 24.12 ―― β1 ≔ ⎜f'c ≤ 4 , 0.85 , max ⎜0.65 , 0.85 − 0.05 ⎜―――― ⎟⎟⎟
2 2
b⋅d ⎝ ⎝ ⎝ ⎠⎠⎠
fy ⎛ f'c 87000 ⎞
m1 ≔ ―――= 17.647 ρmax ≔ 0.75 ⋅ ⎜0.85 β1 ⋅ ― ⋅ ――――― ⎟
0.85 ⋅ f'c ⎝ fy 87000 + fy ⎠
ρmax = 0.0214
1 ⎛ 2 m1 ⋅ Ku ⎞
‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾
ρreq ≔ ――⋅ ⎜1 − 1 − ―――⎟ = 0.00679
m1 ⎝ ϕf ⋅ fy ⎠
ρmin ≔ 0.0018 Por contraccion y
temperatura para 2 caras
3 2
As_req ≔ ρreq ⋅ b ⋅ d = ⎛⎝3.477 ⋅ 10 ⎞⎠
2
As_req
――= 3.477 ――
b
Se dispone de una distribucion de acero adecuada
2
areap ≔ area = 510
i
b 3 2
As ≔ areap ⋅ ―― = ⎛⎝4.08 ⋅ 10 ⎞⎠
esp
2
As
― = 4.08 ――
b
⎛ diamp ⎞
d ≔ h − ⎜re + diamat + ――― ⎟ = 512.3 Peralte efectivo definitivo
⎝ 2 ⎠
As ⋅ fy
a ≔ ―――― = 72
0.85 ⋅ f'c ⋅ b
⎛ a⎞
Mn ≔ As ⋅ fy ⋅ ⎜d − ― = 81.619 ⋅ Momento nominal
⎝ 2 ⎟⎠
ϕf ⋅ Mn = 73.457 ⋅
Mu
DC ≔ ――― = 0.862 Indice Demanda - Capacidad (Flexion)
ϕf ⋅ Mn
Ms = 41.494 ⋅
‾‾‾‾‾
f'c 5
Ec ≔ 15000 ――⋅ ―― = ⎛⎝2.51 ⋅ 10 ⎞⎠ ――
2 2
―― 2
Es
n1 ≔ ― = 8.124
Ec
n ≔ round ⎛⎝n1 , 0⎞⎠ = 8
Restricciones Valores de prueba
x1 ≔ 1
1 2
―⋅ b ⋅ x1 = n ⋅ As ⋅ ⎛⎝d − x1⎞⎠
2
Solver
x≔ ⎛⎝x1⎞⎠ = 153.124
1 3 2
Icr ≔ ―b ⋅ x + n ⋅ As ⋅ (d − x)) Momento de Inercia Agrietado
3
4
Icr = 0.005
Ms ⋅ (d − x)) ⎛ 3 Ms ⋅ x
fs ≔ n ⋅ ―――― = ⎝2.205 ⋅ 10 ⎞⎠ ―― fc ≔ ――= 117.498 ――
2 2
Icr Icr
fs fc
―= 0.525 ― = 0.42
fy f'c
diamp
dc ≔ re + ――― = 37.7 Espesor de concreto de la fibra en traccion a
2 centroide de acero
dc
βs ≔ 1 + ――――= 1.105
0.7 ⋅ ⎛⎝h − dc⎞⎠
700 ⋅ γe
Smax ≔ ――― ⋅ − 2 ⋅ dc
fs
βs ⋅ ――
Smax = 181.109
Revision_Fisuracion = “OK”
2
wDL ⋅ L
MDL ≔ ―――= 230.681 ⋅
8
3
W⋅h 4
Ig.st ≔ ――― = 0.159
12
h
yt.st ≔ ―= 0.275
2
fr = 33.674 ――
2
Ig.st
Mcr.st ≔ fr ⋅ ―― = 195.237 ⋅
yt.st
⎛ W ⎞ 4
Icr.st ≔ Icr ⋅ ――= 0.062
⎜⎝ 1 ⎟⎠
Ma1 ≔ MDL
3 ⎛ 3
⎛ Mcr.st ⎞ ⎛ Mcr.st ⎞ ⎞ 4
Ie1 ≔ ⎜――⎟ ⋅ Ig.st + ⎜1 − ⎜――⎟ ⎟ ⋅ Icr.st = 0.121
⎝ Ma1 ⎠ ⎝ ⎝ Ma1 ⎠ ⎠
Ie1
―― = 0.76
Ig.st
2
A's ≔ 0
⎛ ⎛ A's ⎞⎞
Δcontraflecha ≔ ΔDL ⋅ ⎜3 − 1.2 ⋅ ⎜―― ⎟⎟
⎝ ⎝ As ⎠⎠
Δcontraflecha = 23.707
L
ΔLL_IM.per ≔ ―― = 12.5
800
NL = 2 m1 ≔ 1
MLL_IM.def1 = 118.602 ⋅
MLL_IM.def2 = 53.461 ⋅
Por lo tanto el momento por carga viva para el calculo de deflexiones es:
MLL_IM.def = 118.602 ⋅
3 ⎛ 3
⎛ Mcr.st ⎞ ⎛ Mcr.st ⎞ ⎞ 4
Ie2 ≔ ⎜――⎟ ⋅ Ig.st + ⎜1 − ⎜――⎟ ⎟ ⋅ Icr.st = 0.079
⎝ Ma2 ⎠ ⎝ ⎝ Ma2 ⎠ ⎠
Ie2
―― = 0.497
Ig.st
L
x2 ≔ ―+ 2.33 = 5.71
2
x1 ≔ ‖ if x2 − 14 ≤ 0 || x3 ≔ ‖ if x2 + 14 ≥ L ||
‖ || ‖ ||
‖ ‖
‖ ‖ x1 ← 0 || ‖ ‖ x3 ← 0 ||
‖ else || ‖ else ||
‖ ‖ | ‖ ‖ |
x ← x2 − 14 || x ← x2 + 14 ||
‖ ‖ 1 ‖ ‖ 3
‖‖ x1 | ‖‖ x3 |
x1 = 1.443 x3 = 9.977
P1 ≔ NL ⋅ m1 ⋅ (1.33 ⋅ 32 ) = 38.61
P1 ⋅ b ⋅ x 2 2 2
Δx ≔ ――――⋅ ⎛⎝L − b − x ⎞⎠ = 1.594
1
6 ⋅ Ec ⋅ Ie2 ⋅ L
P2 ≔ NL ⋅ m1 ⋅ (1.33 ⋅ 32 ) = 38.61
P2 ⋅ b ⋅ x 2 2 2
Δx ≔ ――――⋅ ⎛⎝L − b − x ⎞⎠ = 3.886
2
6 ⋅ Ec ⋅ Ie2 ⋅ L
P3 ≔ NL ⋅ m1 ⋅ (1.33 ⋅ 8 ) = 9.652
P3 ⋅ b ⋅ x 2 2 2
Δx ≔ ――――⋅ ⎛⎝L − b − x ⎞⎠ = 0.007
3
6 ⋅ Ec ⋅ Ie2 ⋅ L
3
ΔLL_IM.def ≔ ∑ Δx = 5.487
i
i=1
Revision_Deflexion = “OK”
L
x ≔ ―− 1.4
2
‖ x ⋅ (L − x)) |
MTr.F ≔ ‖ y2 ← ―――― |
‖ L |
‖ if x ≤ 30 | |
‖
‖ y1 ← 0 | |
‖ |
‖ |
else |
‖ |
‖ y2 |
‖ |
‖ y1 ← ―⋅ (x − 30 )
‖ x |
‖ |
‖ |
‖ if (L − x)) ≤ 14 |
|
‖ ‖‖ y3 ← 0 ||
‖ else ||
‖ ‖ ||
‖ ‖ y ← y2 ⋅ (L − x − 14 |
―― ) |
‖ ‖ 3 L−x ||
‖ |
‖ ⎝32 y1 + 32 y2 + 8 y3⎞⎠ ⋅
⎛ |
MTr.F = 37.947 ⋅
MLL_IM.F = 32.73 ⋅
ES = 4.238 b≔1
MLL_IM.F
MLL_IM.F.1 ≔ ―――⋅ b = 7.722 ⋅
ES
MDC.F.1 ≔ MDC_FI ⋅ b = 17.188 ⋅
M1 ⋅ ⎛⎝d − xs⎞⎠ 3
fmax ≔ n ⋅ ――――= ⎛⎝1.476 ⋅ 10 ⎞⎠ ――
2
Icr
M2 ⋅ ⎛⎝d − xs⎞⎠ 3
fmin ≔ n ⋅ ――――= ⎛⎝1.066 ⋅ 10 ⎞⎠ ――
2
Icr
ff ≔ fmax − fmin = 410.336 ――
2
3
24 − 0.33 fmin = ⎛⎝1.336 ⋅ 10 ⎞⎠ ――
2
Revision_Fatiga = “OK”
2 2
510
As ≔ ―――― = 4.08 ――
125
2 2
510
As ≔ ―――― = 4.08 ――
125
4
b ≔ W = ⎛⎝1.15 ⋅ 10 ⎞⎠ h = 550
b h
1.30 ⋅ ―⋅ ― 2 2
As.temp.req ≔ ――――――⋅ ―― = 0.476 ――
⎛ b h ⎞ fy
2 ⋅ ⎜―+ ―⎟ ⋅ ――
⎝ ⎠