LESSON 1: B.

Spanish Alphabet
A. How to introduce yourself in Spanish A=a N = ene
B = be Ñ = eñe
Dialogue 1: C = ce O=0
Cristina: ¡Hola! Buenos días. Hi! Good morning. D = de P = pe
Me llamo Cristina. My name is Cristina. E=e Q = cu
¿Y tú? And you? F = efe R = erre
G = ge S = ese
Helen: Hola, Cristina. Hi, Cristina, H = hache T = te
Mucho gusto. Nice to meet you. I=i U=u
Soy Helen. I’m Helen. J = jota V = uve
¿Cómo estás? How are you? K = ka W = uve doble
L = ele X = equis
Cristina: Estoy bien. I’m fine. Thank you. M = eme Y = ye
Gracias. Y tú? And you? Z = zeta

Helen: Bastante bien. Quite well.

LESSON 2:

 Nouns are words that denote a person, place

Dialogue 2: or thing.
Benny: Hola, buenas tardes. Soy Benny. ¿Cómo te  In Spanish, nouns have gender.  It is the
llamas? same with other Latin- based languages or
Shirley: Mi nombre es Shirley. the so-called Romance languages such as
Benny. Encantado. ¿De dónde eres, Shirley? Italian, Portuguese and French. 
Shirley: Soy de Naga. Soy bicolana. Y tú, ¿de  The term gender is a function of language 
dónde eres? and does not necessarily refer to biological
Benny: Soy Bulaqueño. Nací en Malolos. sex although some nouns such as those that
Shirley: ¿Vives en Malolos? refer to persons and animals have sex.
Benny: No, vivo en Manila con mis padres. Y tú,
¿dónde vives? Gender of Nouns
Shirley: Vivo en la calle Concepción Aguila cerca de 1. Nouns that refer to persons and animals that are
CEU en Mendiola. Hasta luego. males are masculine (masculino); while nouns
Benny: Adiós. Hasta la proxima. that refer to persons and animals that are female
are feminine (femenino)
Self-Introduction:
¡Hola!  Me llamo Sylvia. Tengo diecinueve años.  Soy Examples:
de Laguna.  Vivo en la calle Burgos,  numero 39, El hombre, la mujer the man, the woman
ciudad de San Pablo.  Estudio Odontología en la el padre, la madre the father, the mother
Universidad de Centro Escolar.  Hasta mañana.
el hermano, la hermana the brother, the sister
Hi! My name is Sylvia.  I’m 19 yrs old.  I’m from el coreano, la coreana the Korean (m), the
Laguna.  I live in #39 Burgos St.,  San Pablo City. I Korean (f)
study Dentistry at Centro Escolar University. See you el vietnamita, la the Vietnamese (male
tomorrow. vietnamita and female)
Buenas tardes.  Mi nombre es Carlo.  Vivo en un el gato, la gata the cat (male and
condominio en la ciudad de San Juan pero nací en female)
Cebu.  Tengo veintitres años.  Estudio Nutrición y
el caballo, la yegua The horse (male ad
Dietética  en la Universidad de Centro Escolar. Hasta
female)
luego.
Good afternoon.  My name is Carlo.   I live in a
condominium in San Juan City but I was born in
Cebu.  I’m 23 yrs old.  I study Nutrition and Dietetics
at Centro Escolar University.  See you later. 2. In general, nouns that end in O are masculine
 Example:
el abuelo el libro el bailarín         la bailarina   
el hijo el boligrafo (the male dancer) (female dancer)
el sobrino el cuaderno el león                  la leona               
el abogado el cuarto (the male lion) (the female lion)

But there are exceptions to this rule. The following Number of Nouns
nouns end in o but they are femenino.  Learn In terms of its number, a noun is either singular or
them with the article plural.

Examples: 1. To form the plural, simply add “s” to singular

la mano la foto, nouns that end in a vowel.
la radio la moto Examples:
la silla                  las sillas
3. In general, nouns that end in A are femenino la  hermana      las hermanas
Examples: el primo              los  primos
la abuela la hija la  camisa           las  camisas
la profesora la tía
la mesa la ventana 2. For words that end in a consonant, add “es”
la puerta la cama Exampes:
la escuela la capilla el professor    los profesores      (the
la cuchara professors)
el contador     los  contadores   (the
But there are exceptions to this rule. The accountants)
following nouns end in a but they are masculine. It el español          los españoles    (the Spaniards)
is good to learn them with the article. el reloj                los relojes          (the watches)

Examples: ARTÍCULOS
el idioma el poema The previous discussion already introduced you
el problema el programa to the articles in Spanish. By now, you must have
el sistema el tema noticed that the English definite article “the” has four
el día forms in Spanish: el, los, la, las. The article agrees
with the noun both in gender and in number. It's use is
4. Some nouns are invariable.  Their endings do not exactly the same as in English. Observe the following:
change but the article is used to identify its
gender.
Examples: LOS ARTÍCULOS DETERMINADOS
el atleta            la atleta               (the athlete)
el dentista         la dentista          (the dentist) masculino femenino
el  novelista      la novelista          (the novelist)
sigular el amigo la amiga
el cantante        la cantante          (the singer)
el piloto            la piloto               (the pilot) plural los amigos las amigas
el vietnamita  la vietnamita    (the
singular el profesor la profesora
Vietnamese)
plural los profesores las profesoras
5. The feminine of certain nouns that end in a
consonant are formed by adding A
Examples: The indefinite article or "los articulos indeterminados"
el professor      la profesora      o "articulos indefinidos" are equivalent to the English
(the professor) ( the lady professor) "a", "an" or "some". For example: a house, an
engineer (una casa, un inginiero), some towns (unos
el diseñador     la diseñadora    pueblos). Its use is similar to the English indefinite
(the designer) articles. Observe the following table.

el frances         la francesa   

(the Frenchman) (the Frenchwoman)
 Take note: Usted is actually second person. This is the
LOS ARTÍCULOS INDETERMINADOS formal or respectful way of addressing a person - and
when used in a sentence, it requires the 3rd person form
masculino femenino of the verb. The next video will explain this more.
un primo                 
singular una prima The grammatical person
(a cousin)
Now let us review the grammatical “person”. The
unos primos            “person” refers to the form of a word, the pronoun, as it
plural unas primas
(some cousins) relates to the subject.
un estudiante         
singular una estudiante
(a student)  The first person (la primera persona) refers to the
unos estudiantes    speaker: I (ako).
plural unas estudiantes Examples:
(some students)
Yo soy de Cavite. (I am from Cavite.)
 The first person, plural form, is: We (tayo, kami).
Examples:
Adjentivos Nosostros somos estudiantes. (We are
In general, adjectives in Spanish are placed after students.)
the noun. They agree with the noun both in gender Sophia y yo somos primas. (Sophia and I are
and in number. Observe the following: cousins)
Example:
 The second person (la segunda persona) refers to the
el abuelo rico (the rich grandfather - rico means rich)
one being spoken to, the addressee: you (ikaw).
la casa antigua (the old house - antigua means old)
Example”
los baños limpios (the clean bathrooms, toilets)
¿Tú eres enfermera? (Are you a nurse?)
las manos pequeñas (the clean hands)
Minda, comes balut? (Minda, do you eat
unos edificios altos (some tall buildings)
balut?)
una amiga generosa (a generous friend)
 The second person, plural form, is: You [plural]
un programa largo (a long program)
(kayo).
Examples:
(Remember? manos and programa are exceptions to
Vosotros ya estáis cansados. (You are already
the rule)
tired.) plural
Cindy y tú sois muy diligentes. (Cindy and you
Personal Pronouns
are very diligent).
The personal pronouns as subject pronouns
In this section, we will deal with personal
pronouns used as subject pronouns. This is  The third person (la tercera persona) refers to the one
especially important when we start dealing with being spoken about, the others: he, she, it (siya).
verbs as you will see later. Look at the table Examples:
below. Eloisa es mi mejor amiga. (Eloisa is my best
friend.)
Dapitan está en Mindanao. (Dapitan is in
Singular Spanish English Filipino Mindanao.)
1st person Yo I Ako  The third person, plural form, is: They (sila).
2nd person Tú You (sing) Ikaw Examples:
Ellos son estudiantes de San Beda. (They are
Él, Ella, Usted students of San Beda.)
3rd person He, She Siya
(Vd) Los edificios aquí son muy altos. (The
Plural buildings here are very high.)
Nosostros,
1st person We tayo
Nosotras
Vosotros, You
2nd person Kayo
Vosotras (plural)
Ellos, Ellas, 
3rd person They Sila
Usteded (Vds)
 We are diligent students.
Pronomb Esta clase es interesante.
SER
res This class is interesting.
Yo soy de Su jardín es grande
I am from Laguna. Her garden is big.
1st Yo soy Laguna.
I'm a Filipino.
Soy filipino.
¿Eres coreana? Are you Korean? 5. Ownership or Possession:
2nd Tú eres Zita, eres muy Zita, you are very El boligrafo rojo es mío
amistosa. friendly. The red ball pen is mine
Rodney es Los libros son de Myrna
valiente.    Rodney is brave. The books belong to Myrna.
Él, Ella,
3rd es ¿Usted es Are you a diplomat?
Usted 6. To talk about time:
diplomatico?     It's one o'clock.
Es la una. ¿Qué hora es?
What time is it?
Nosotros somos Son las dos y media.
We are students.  It’s 2:30
Nosotros estudiantes.
1st somos Mila and I are
Nosotras Mila y yo somos Es la una en punto.
cousins.
primas. It’s one o’clock sharp.
¿Vosotras sois
Are you singers? 7. Material (what a thing is made of):
Vosotros cantantes?          
2nd sois Krizia and you are
Vosotras Krizia y tú sois La mesa es de madera
optimists.
optimistas. The table is made of wood
Kevin y Gil son Kevin and Gil are La casa es de piedra.
Ellos, The house is of stone.
pilotos. pilots.
3rd Ellas son
Las sillas son de The chairs are Las sillas son de plástico.
Ustedes
madera. made of wood. The chairs are made of plastic.

Usage of SER Pronom

ESTAR
bres
1. To identify a person or a thing 1st  Yo estoy  (Yo) Estoy en casa. I'm home.
Ella es Rosario.
She is Rosario 2nd Tú estás Estás ocupada? Are you busy?
Ellos son mis compañeros de clase
ÉlElla, El coche está en el The car is in the
They are my classmates. 3rd está
Usted garage. garage.
Esa es una pintura de Amorsolo.
That is a painting by Amorsolo.
 
2. Profession or Occupations Nosotros estamos
We are in the
Cristina es azafata. Nosotros en el parque.
1st estamos park.
/as Karen y yo estamos
Cristina is a flight attendant Karen and I are
alegres.
Mi padre es ingeniero happy.
My father is an engineer  ¿ Vosotros estáis Are you tired?
¿Sois abogados? Vosotros cansados? Guys, why
2nd estáis
Are you lawyers? /as Chicos, por  qué no aren't you in the
estáis en la fiesta? party?
3. Origin or Nationality Los profesores The professors
Las flores son de Baguio están en la are in the
Ellos,
The flowers are from Baguio. conferencia. conference.
3rd Ellas, están
Hans Ulrich es aleman Vds.
Los atletas  están The athletes are
Hans Ulrich is a German. jugando en el playing in the
Rochelle, ¿eres de Batangas? gimnasio. gymnasium.
Rochelle, are you from Batangas?

4. Inherent characteristics/ description:

Nosotros somos estudiantes diligentes
 anything).
Usage of ESTAR Ronaldo está gordo.  Ronaldo
Ronaldo es gordo. 
is stout. (Ronaldo has become
1. Location Ronaldo is stout.
stout).
Mi madre está en el Mercado
My mother is in the market.
Están en el auditorio los estudiantes?
HAY (There is, There are; Is there? Are there?)
Are the students in the auditorium?
This word HAY (there is, there are) follows the same
¿Dónde estáis?
pattern in English with regard to the use of articles. It
Where are you?
is never followed by the definite article el, los, la, las.
2. Changing mood or condition:
Hay un pájaro en el árbol.
Mi abuela está enferma
There is a bird in the tree.
My grandmother is sick.
Hay tres platos en la mesa.
Las calles están limpias.
There are three plates on the table.
The streets are clean
¿Hay clase hoy?
Ya estamos cansados.
Is there a class today?
We are already tired.
No hay clase hoy.
Estás delgada
There is no class today
You are thin. (You have become thin.)
¿Hay mucha gente en la playa?
Are there a lot of people on the beach?
3. Estar is used in the present progressive tense
No hay zumo en la nevera.
(Estar + Gerundio)
There is no juice in the ref.
Los niños están jugando
The children are playing.
Observe how Hay and Estar are used in the
Estoy leyendo un libro
sentences below:
I am reading a book.
Hay zumo en la nevera.
The following adjectives when used in a sentence
There is juice in the fridge.
generally require the verb ESTAR. Remember that
El zumo está en la nevera.
the adjective agrees with the noun both in gender and
The juice is in the fridge.
in number. (For example: Ramon está contento.
Hay boligrafo rojo en la mesa.
Las niñas están contentas.)
There is red ball pen on the table.
El boligrafo rojo está en la mesa.
Alegre cheerful aburrido bored
The red ball pen is on the table.
Content happy tranquilo calm, quiet
Hay flores en el altar.
Feliz happy enamorado in love
There are flowers on the altar.
Triste sad nervioso nervous
Las flores están en el altar.
Cansado tired enfadado angry
The flowers are on the altar.
Enfermo sick enojado angry
Ocupado busy satisfecho satisfied
TENER (the verb "to have").
Preocupado worried insatisfecho dissatisfied
The verb Tener is the verb "to have" in English (as
in: "I have a new bag." ) but it sometimes also
SER and ESTAR. Observe the following sentences
takes the form similar to the verb "to be" in English
using the verbs Ser and Estar. Notice the difference
when translated such as "Tengo sed." or I am
in meaning.
thirsty. Below is the conjugation of the verb Tener.
Observe the examples using Tener in sentences.
SER ESTAR
Gina es lista.   Gina is smart. Gina está lista.  Gina is ready. Usage of Tener
1. To express possession, or to describe
Su pelo  está rizado. Her hair
Su pelo es rizado.  Her hair people
is curly. (Her hair has been
is curly. Ella tiene un bolso caro.
curled).
She has an expensive bag.
Los  chicos son perezosos.  Los chicos están Chris has dark brown eyes.
The boys are lazy. perezosos.  The boys are lazy.
Chris tiene ojos marrones oscuros.
(They do not feel like doing
 Ellos, Ellas,
2. To express physical and emotional states. aman beben viven
Vds.
Los peregrinos tienen sed.
The pilgrims are thirsty. Notice that the 2nd person plural form of the verb
Tengo frío. above has the accent mark or tilde as it is called in
I am cold. / I feel cold. Spanish. See the verbs opposite Vosotros.
Tiene miedo de los perros
She is afraid of dogs.
In the table below, you have the suffix for forming the
3. To tell the age present indicative of the verb as illustrated above.
¿Cuántos años tienes? Memorize the suffixes. That is what you need to
How old are you? conjugate the verbs in the present tense.
Tengo dicienueve años.
I'm nineteen years old Pronombres AR ER IR

Examples of AR verbs are the following: Yo - o - o - o

amar - to love
T ú      - as - es - es
rezar - pray
estudiar - to study
comprar - to buy Él, Ella, Usted - a - e - e
lavar - to wash
Nosotros/as - amos - emos - imos
Examples of ER verbs are the following:
comer - to eat
Vosotros/as - áis - éis - ís    
beber - to drink
vender - to sell Ellos, Ellas,
- an - en - en
correr - to run Vds.
leer - to read
Escribo unas cartas a mi I write letters to my best
Examples of IR verbs are the following: mejor amiga. friend.
vivir - to live
abrir - to open Ella compra cosas caras. She buys  expensive things.
escribir - to write Los niños cantan muy bien.    The children sing very well.
decidir - to decide
descubrir - to discover Keith, ¿bebes leche? Keith, do you drink milk?
Nosotros estudiamos siempre
In conjugating the verbs, drop or cancel the suffix of .
We always study.
the verb in the infinitive form and add or attach the
new suffix. Observe the examples in the table below.
The letters in red are the new suffix to form the present Observe the verbs in the table. Notice that except for
tense, that is, after dropping the suffix of the infinitive the first person singular (Yo), all the rest follow the
form of the verb. Observe the following: pattern for the conjugation of the regular verbs.`
DAR HACER PONER VER SABER CONOCER
to to know to know
Pronombres AR ER IR to do to put to see
give a fact someone
amar - to beber - to Yo doy hago pongo veo sé conozco
vivir - to live
love drink
Tú das haces pones ves sabes conoces
Yo amo bebo vivo  Él, Ella,
da hace pone ve sabe conoce
Vd.
T ú      amas bebes vives
Nosotro dam hacemo vemo sabemo conocemo
ponemos
Él, Ella, Usted ama bebe vive s os s s s s
Vosotros dáis hacéis ponéis veis sabéis conocéis
Nosotros/as amamos bebemos vivimos
Ellos,
Vosotros/as amáis bebéis vivís     Ellas, dan hacen ponen ven saben conocen
Vds.