Titulo: Electric Tragedy in Brazil and Paraguay

Brazil suffred seriuos blackout that left nearly 60m people in the dark for four hours and raised
concerns about the country's ability to guarantee electricity to support its surging economy.

Last month's blackout was caused by heavy rain, lightning and strong winds that made
transformers on a vital high voltage transmission line short circuit, causing two other lines to go
down as part of an automatic safety mechanism.
The massive Itaipu dam on the border with Paraguay-the world's second largest hydroelectric
power producer -had to be completely shutdown for the first time in its 25-year history during
the blackout.

The blackout cut electricity to 18 of Brazil's 26 states and left them without power for up to four
hours. All of Paraguay briefly lost power.

"There is an absolute failure of infrastructure in terms of energy. There is a need to invest more,
to improve how energy is managed by those in the government" Patrizia Tomasi, from the
Brazilian energy consulting firm Planck E was quoted as saying. President Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva
disputed that his government has not done enough to improve the power grid since he took
office in 2003. Silva's government is said to have invested about $13bn in trasmission lines snd
$4.7bn on transformers since 2003.

Brasil sufrió un apagón que dejó a casi 60 millones de personas en la oscuridad durante cuatro
horas y expresó su preocupación por la capacidad del país para garantizar electricidad para
respaldar su creciente economía. El apagón del mes pasado se debió a fuertes lluvias, rayos y
fuertes vientos que hicieron que los transformadores de una línea de transmisión de alto voltaje
se cortaran, causando que otras dos líneas bajen como parte de un mecanismo de seguridad
automático. La enorme represa de Itaipú en la frontera con Paraguay, el segundo mayor
productor de energía hidroeléctrica del mundo, tuvo que ser completamente cerrada por primera
vez en sus 25 años de historia durante el apagón. El apagón cortó la electricidad a 18 de los 26
estados de Brasil y los dejó sin electricidad por hasta cuatro horas. Todo el Paraguay perdió
brevemente el poder. "Hay una falla absoluta de infraestructura en términos de energía. Hay una
necesidad de invertir más, para mejorar la forma en que la energía es administrada por los
funcionarios del gobierno", dijo Patrizia Tomasi, de la consultora brasileña de energía Planck E,
según la cita. El presidente Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva negó que su gobierno no haya hecho lo
suficiente para mejorar la red eléctrica desde que asumió el cargo en 2003. Se dice que el
gobierno de Silva ha invertido cerca de $ 13 mil millones en líneas de transmisión y $ 4,7 mil
millones en transformadores desde 2003

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GE signs on for US wind turbine operations and maintenance with E.ON

E.ON Climate & Renewables (EC&K) North America and GE Energy have signed a seven-year
operation and maintenance (O&M) agreement, covering EC&R's complete fleet of 529 GE wind
turbines installed in the United States.

GE will provide 24/7 remote monitoring and diagnostics from GE Power & Water's Renewable
Operations Center, based in Schenectady, NY, and low and capital parts support. It will also
provide complete site services for all GE 1.5 MW wind turbines installed at EC&R's five project
sites The O&M contract includes an availability guarantee, ensuring turbine performance.
Siemens secures first Latin American wind business with Mexican contract
Siemens will supply 70 wind turbines for the Los Vergeles wind farm in Tamaulipas, Mexice
representing the German company's first wind turbine contract in the Latin America region. The
turbines are in excess of $270m. With a total installed rated capacity of more than 160 MW, the
Los Vergeles wind farm will be Mexico's largest

GE se une a las operaciones y el mantenimiento de los aerogeneradores de E.ON

Con E.ON Climate & Renewables (EC&K) Norteamérica y GE Energy han firmado un acuerdo de
siete años de operación y mantenimiento (O&M), que abarca la flota completa de 529 GE eólica de
EC&R. Turbinas instaladas en los Estados Unidos. GE proporcionará diagnósticos y monitores
remotos 24/7 desde el Centro de Operaciones Renovables de GE Power & Water, con sede en
Schenectady, NY, y soporte de partes bajas y de capital. También proporcionará servicios
completos para todos los aerogeneradores de 1.5 MW de GE instalados en los cinco sitios de
proyectos de EC&R. El contrato de O&M incluye una garantía de disponibilidad que garantiza el
rendimiento de la turbina. Siemens obtiene el primer negocio eólico de América Latina con un
contrato mexicano. Siemens suministrará 70 aerogeneradores para el parque eólico Los
Vergeles en Tamaulipas, México, que representa el primer contrato de aerogeneradores de la
compañía alemana en la región de América Latina. Las turbinas superan los $ 270 millones. Con
una capacidad nominal instalada total de más de 160 MW, la granja Los Vergeles será la más
grande de México

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1. Who was that Pc made by? That Pc was made by my Dad

2. When are you going to have your Laptop repaired? Who are you planning to hire for the Job? I
go to repair my Laptop when it have some problem, with the help of a professional in computer

3. What is Electricity all about? Could you explain briefly? The Electricity is a energy produced by
the electrons movement

4. Where has UNE bought all the PCs? The UNE bought the computers from a businness calred
nave shop

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TITULO – “Brazilian with electrical power problems”
TITULO – “ELECTRIC MOTORS FOR HYBRIDS CARS”
1. What the difference between motors and generators? The difeference between they is that
the motor works with electricity and the generator generates electricity

2. What's the role of permanent magnets in a motor? To make the rotor spins into the direction
of the magnetic field generated by the stator

3. What does AC & DC stand for? Could you explian the difference? AC stands for alternated
currents, DC stands for direct currents, the difference between they is that currents changes it's
direction in AC and in DC it is stable in one direction

4. What is a magnet and what is an electromagnet? An Electromagnet is a device that acts like a
magnet, but its magnectic force is manifested and controlled by electricity and a magnet does not
depend on electricity

5. Could you complete the diagrama above, providing names for all the parts of the generator

A shaft - Mounted wire wound armature (ROTOR)

A field of magnets that inducee electrical energy stacked side-by-sidee in a Housing (STATOR)

Slid rings that carry the AC current from the armature (Anillos deslizantes que transportan la
corriente alterna de la armadura)

Brushes thaat contact the slip rings and transfer current from the electrical circuit (Cepillos que
entran en contacto con los anillos deslizantes y transfieren la corriente desde el circuito
eléctrico)

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1. What kind of contract has GE signed with EON? A contract to perform settin up and
manteniance operations of wind turbine

2. What will GE provide its client? GE will provide to their client 24/7 retrote monitoring and
diagnostic from GE Power & Water's and also complete site services for all GE 1.5MW wind
turbines installed

3. How many turbine does the firm operate? The firm operate with 70 wind turbines in the los
Vergeles wind form

4. What's an availability guarantee? The availability guarantee is a benefits that the company
provides to its clients for improve the services quality

5. What's Los Vergeles and who is selling them the turbines? Who will the pay for them? Los
Vergeles is a wind turbines form and simens is selling the turbines. They will pay for the wind
turbines over $270m
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1. What does SHP mean? SHP stands for Small Hydroelectric Energy

2. Who was Mahatma Gandhi? Mahatma Gandhi was a devout defender of economic self-
sufficiency.

3. What do these small hydroelectric projects require, according to the article? Small
hydroelectric projects require specific equipment characterized by simplicity, reliability and easy
maintenance

4. What is the MNRE trying to do with these projects? The MNRE wants a combination of public,
private, network-connected and off-grid projects to double the SHP capacity installed to 6000MW
by the end of 2017

5. How do monsoons influence small hydroelectric projects? Summer monsoons between June
and October provide most of their precipitation. Each project must be designed for the site where
it will be built

6. In your opinion, do you think that India is prioritizing hydroelectric projects? What makes you
think that?

If you are prioritizing. It makes me think that they are looking for renewable energy alternatives

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1. Have you been to India Before?

No, they have never been to india before. It is your first visit

2. You did that?

I would have never done that

3. What did the thief do when the police arrived?

The thief had already fled when the police arrived

4. Where did she buy that computer?

She bought that computer at Nave Shop

5. Why does she need more money?

She needs more money to pay her expenses

CHANGE THESE SENTENCES INTO THE PASSIVE VOICE

- IBM built the first personal computer

The first personal computer was built by IBM

- Microsoft will develop a new operating system for HP notebooks

A new operating system for notebooks will be developed by microsoft

- Dell computers are planning to install Ubuntu in its new notebooks

Ubuntu is planned to be installed in to the new dell computers

- The Teacher should inform the students when the new test is going to be

The students should be informed by the teacher when the new test is going to be

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- Microsoft developed that new software in its Taiwan facilities.

The new software was developed by Microsoft in its Taiwam facilities

- Users will be surprised by the increase of electricity prices

The increased electricity price will surprise the users

- German canpeters are making the benches of the Chapel in Hohenau

The benches of the Chapel in Hohenau are been made by German carpenters

- The detectives should catch the "morning thieves" as soon as possible

The "morning thief" should be discovered by the detectives as soon as possible

- That car was made by the Ford company

The Ford company made that car

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