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1- Caso de flotación inversa de pre concentrado de estaño. Datos reales de planta y prueba industrial evaluada.
2- Pruebas con reactivos distintos y condiciones variadas de pruebas de flotación.
3- Prueba y análisis de selectividad en mineral de plata y oro.
4- Caso de planta de flotación Cu-Mo
5- Caso cinética de cobre, plata y oro.
rueba industrial evaluada.
Ph=4 Ph
%Recuperación de S Ph=4 %Recuperación de Sn %Recuperación de S Ph=5
10% 15% 10% 15% 10%
0.5 56.46 47.25 0.96 0.25 36.88
1 73.12 68.92 1.47 0.48 58.23
1.5 79.84 79.03 1.75 0.68 70.68
2 83.29 83.92 1.91 0.87 78.01
2.5 85.37 86.44 2.01 1.05 82.41
3 86.76 87.88 2.08 1.20 85.11
3.5 87.75 88.82 2.13 1.35 86.84
4 88.49 89.52 2.17 1.48 88.00
4.5 89.07 90.09 2.21 1.60 88.83
5 89.53 90.60 2.24 1.71 89.47
5.5 89.91 91.06 2.28 1.81 89.99
6 90.23 91.50 2.31 1.90 90.43
6.5 90.49 91.91 2.35 1.98 90.83
7 90.72 92.30 2.38 2.06 91.19
7.5 90.92 92.67 2.41 2.12 91.53
8 91.09 93.02 2.45 2.19 91.85
8.5 91.25 93.35 2.48 2.24 92.16
9 91.38 93.67 2.51 2.30 92.45
9.5 91.50 93.97 2.55 2.34 92.73
10 91.61 94.26 2.58 2.39 93.00
10.5 91.71 94.54 2.61 2.43 93.26
11 91.80 94.80 2.65 2.46 93.51
11.5 91.89 95.05 2.68 2.50 93.76
12 91.96 95.29 2.71 2.53 93.99
12.5 92.03 95.51 2.74 2.55 94.21
13 92.09 95.73 2.78 2.58 94.42
13.5 92.15 95.93 2.81 2.60 94.63
14 92.21 96.13 2.84 2.62 94.83
14.5 92.26 96.31 2.88 2.64 95.02
15 92.31 96.49 2.91 2.66 95.21
15.5 92.35 96.66 2.94 2.67 95.38
16 92.39 96.82 2.98 2.69 95.56
16.5 92.43 96.97 3.01 2.70 95.72
17 92.47 97.11 3.04 2.71 95.88
17.5 92.51 97.25 3.08 2.72 96.03
18 92.54 97.38 3.11 2.73 96.18
18.5 92.57 97.51 3.14 2.74 96.32
19 92.60 97.63 3.17 2.75 96.46
19.5 92.63 97.74 3.21 2.76 96.59
20 92.65 97.85 3.24 2.77 96.72
Ph=5 Ph=5
ecuperación de S Ph=5 %Recuperación de Sn %Recuperación de S Ph=7.5 %Recuperación de Sn
15% 10% 15% 10% 15% 10%
0.39 28.18 0.34
0.72 45.97 0.61
1.00 57.34 0.82
1.24 64.71 0.98
1.44 69.61 1.11
1.61 72.96 1.21
1.76 75.35 1.30
1.89 77.13 1.38
2.00 78.52 1.44
2.10 79.66 1.50
2.18 80.64 1.55
2.26 81.50 1.59
2.32 82.29 1.64
2.38 83.01 1.68
2.43 83.69 1.72
2.48 84.33 1.76
2.52 84.94 1.80
2.56 85.53 1.83
2.59 86.09 1.87
2.63 86.62 1.90
2.65 87.14 1.94
2.68 87.63 1.98
2.70 88.10 2.01
2.73 88.56 2.05
2.75 89.00 2.08
2.77 89.42 2.12
2.78 89.82 2.15
2.80 90.21 2.19
2.81 90.59 2.22
2.83 90.95 2.26
2.84 91.30 2.29
2.85 91.63 2.33
2.87 91.95 2.36
2.88 92.26 2.39
2.89 92.55 2.43
2.90 92.84 2.46
2.91 93.11 2.50
2.91 93.38 2.53
2.92 93.63 2.57
2.93 93.88 2.60
%Recuperación de Sn
15% 1- Tener los datos de pesos, leyes de valores y contaminantes.
2- Calcular finos y distirbuciòn parcial y acumulada
3- Estimar los paràmetros usando los 3 modelo revisados: 1er orden, Klimpel y kelsall
4- Elegir el mejor modelo de acuerdo a la suma de cuadrados de los errores 1ro,
luego en funciòn al R2 y finalmente confirmar con la gràfica.
Chart Title
3.50
3.00
2.50
% Recuperación Sn
2.00
1.50
1.00
0.50
0.00
40.00 50.00 60.00 70.00 80.00 90.00 100.00
%Recuperación S
Chart Title
110.00
100.00
90.00
80.00
70.00
60.00
50.00
40.00
30.00
20.00
0 5 10 15 20
40.00
30.00
20.00
0 5 10 15 20
pH=4
Ph=5
Ph=7.5
0 90.00 100.00
15 20
3.00
2.50
% Recuperación Sn
2.00
1.50
1.00
0.50
0.00
40.00 50.00 60.00 70.00 80.00 90.00 100.00 110.00
%Recuperación S
10%
15%
100.00 110.00
1er orden Kelsall Kelsall
𝑅_𝑡=𝑅_∞∗(1−𝑒^(−𝑘∗𝑡))
Sn S Fe
R∞ 2.84 92.78 55.55
k 0.18 1.38 1.12
Tiempo Sn S Fe
0.5 0.25 46.15 23.76
1 0.48 69.34 37.36
3 1.20 91.29 53.60
6 1.90 92.76 55.48
9 2.30 92.78 55.54
15 2.66 92.78 55.55
∑ Errores^2 0.0073 29.1669 10.0500
R^2 99.9% 98.4% 98.9%
Sn S Fe
0.5 0.25 46.15 23.76
1 0.48 69.34 37.36
1.5 0.68 81.00 45.14
2 0.87 86.86 49.59
2.5 1.05 89.81 52.14
3 1.20 91.29 53.60
3.5 1.35 92.03 54.43
4 1.48 92.41 54.91
4.5 1.60 92.59 55.18
5 1.71 92.69 55.34
5.5 1.81 92.74 55.43
6 1.90 92.76 55.48
6.5 1.98 92.77 55.51
7 2.06 92.78 55.52
7.5 2.12 92.78 55.53
8 2.19 92.78 55.54
8.5 2.24 92.78 55.54
9 2.30 92.78 55.54
9.5 2.34 92.78 55.55
10 2.39 92.78 55.55
10.5 2.43 92.78 55.55
11 2.46 92.78 55.55
11.5 2.50 92.78 55.55
12 2.53 92.78 55.55
12.5 2.55 92.78 55.55
13 2.58 92.78 55.55
13.5 2.60 92.78 55.55
14 2.62 92.78 55.55
14.5 2.64 92.78 55.55
15 2.66 92.78 55.55
15.5 2.67 92.78 55.55
16 2.69 92.78 55.55
16.5 2.70 92.78 55.55
17 2.71 92.78 55.55
17.5 2.72 92.78 55.55
18 2.73 92.78 55.55
18.5 2.74 92.78 55.55
19 2.75 92.78 55.55
19.5 2.76 92.78 55.55
20 2.77 92.78 55.55
Modelo de de Klimpel
𝑅_𝑡=𝑅_∞∗(1−((1−𝑒^(−𝑘∗𝑡)))/(𝑘∗𝑡))
Sn S Fe
R∞ 3.34 97.72 59.02
k 0.33 3.12 2.45
Tiempo Sn S Fe
0.5 0.26 48.22 24.99
1 0.50 67.77 37.01
3 1.22 87.28 50.99
6 1.89 92.50 55.00
9 2.27 94.24 56.34
15 2.67 95.63 57.41
∑ Errores^2 0.0034 4.6139 1.2256
R^2 99.9% 99.76% 99.87%
Sn S Fe
0.5 0.26 48.22 24.99
1 0.50 67.77 37.01
1.5 0.71 77.02 43.37
2 0.90 82.08 47.06
2.5 1.07 85.19 49.40
3 1.22 87.28 50.99
3.5 1.36 88.77 52.14
4 1.49 89.89 53.00
4.5 1.60 90.76 53.66
5 1.71 91.45 54.20
5.5 1.80 92.02 54.64
6 1.89 92.50 55.00
6.5 1.97 92.90 55.31
7 2.04 93.25 55.58
7.5 2.11 93.54 55.81
8 2.17 93.81 56.01
8.5 2.22 94.04 56.18
9 2.27 94.24 56.34
9.5 2.32 94.42 56.48
10 2.37 94.59 56.61
10.5 2.41 94.74 56.72
11 2.45 94.87 56.83
11.5 2.48 95.00 56.92
12 2.51 95.11 57.01
12.5 2.55 95.22 57.09
13 2.57 95.31 57.16
13.5 2.60 95.40 57.23
14 2.63 95.48 57.30
14.5 2.65 95.56 57.36
15 2.67 95.63 57.41
15.5 2.69 95.70 57.46
16 2.71 95.76 57.51
16.5 2.73 95.82 57.56
17 2.75 95.88 57.60
17.5 2.77 95.93 57.64
18 2.78 95.98 57.68
18.5 2.80 96.03 57.71
19 2.81 96.07 57.75
19.5 2.82 96.12 57.78
20 2.84 96.16 57.81
Modelo de de Kelsall
𝑅_𝑇=(100−∅)∗(1−𝑒^(−𝑘_𝑓∗𝑡) )
+∅∗(1−𝑒^(−𝑘_𝑠∗𝑡) )
Sn S Fe
Φ 2.05 15.31 47.96
Kf 0.00 1.59 1.24
Ks 0.25 0.10 0.01
Tiempo Sn S Fe
0.5 0.27 47.25 24.31
1 0.51 68.92 37.45
3 1.23 87.88 52.01
6 1.88 91.50 54.41
9 2.25 93.67 55.59
15 2.69 96.49 57.80
∑ Errores^2 0.0022 3.1958 1.1571
R^2 99.96% 99.83% 99.87%
Sn S Fe
0.5 0.27 47.25 24.31
1 0.51 68.92 37.45
1.5 0.72 79.03 44.60
2 0.91 83.92 48.53
2.5 1.08 86.44 50.74
3 1.23 87.88 52.01
3.5 1.37 88.82 52.79
4 1.49 89.52 53.29
4.5 1.60 90.09 53.66
5 1.70 90.60 53.94
5.5 1.80 91.06 54.19
6 1.88 91.50 54.41
6.5 1.95 91.91 54.62
7 2.02 92.30 54.82
7.5 2.09 92.67 55.01
8 2.15 93.02 55.21
8.5 2.20 93.35 55.40
9 2.25 93.67 55.59
9.5 2.30 93.97 55.78
10 2.35 94.26 55.97
10.5 2.39 94.54 56.15
11 2.43 94.80 56.34
11.5 2.46 95.05 56.53
12 2.50 95.29 56.71
12.5 2.53 95.51 56.89
13 2.57 95.73 57.08
13.5 2.60 95.93 57.26
14 2.63 96.13 57.44
14.5 2.66 96.31 57.62
15 2.69 96.49 57.80
15.5 2.72 96.66 57.98
16 2.74 96.82 58.16
16.5 2.77 96.97 58.34
17 2.80 97.11 58.52
17.5 2.82 97.25 58.69
18 2.85 97.38 58.87
18.5 2.87 97.51 59.05
19 2.90 97.63 59.22
19.5 2.92 97.74 59.39
20 2.95 97.85 59.57
Kelsall
Finos (g) Distribución (%)
%Cu
Sn S Fe Cu Sn S
4.875 0.2 51.6 21.9 3.5 0.2 46.9
2.93 0.2 24.8 12.1 1.0 0.3 22.5
1.868 0.6 19.3 12.3 0.6 0.7 17.6
0.855 0.5 5.9 3.1 0.1 0.6 5.3
0.619 0.3 2.2 1.4 0.0 0.4 2.0
0.394 0.4 1.3 1.1 0.0 0.4 1.2
0.025 81.0 4.9 38.4 0.1 97.3 4.5
0.73 83.3 110.1 90.3 5.5 100.0 100.0
a (%)
Cu Chart Title
64.6 120.0 2.5
83.6
94.5 100.0 2.0
96.2 80.0
96.9 1.5
97.3 60.0
1.0
40.0
20.0 0.5
0.0 0.0
0.5 1 3 6 9
Cu
96.12 S Fe
2.16 Cu Distribución acmulada (%) Sn
Cu
63.54
85.08
95.97
96.12
96.12
96.12
7.4555
99.1%
Cu
63.54
85.08
Comparación de modelos de Cinética de 1er orden
92.38 120.0
94.85
95.69
100.0
95.97
eración acumulada
96.07
80.0
60.0
100.0
% Recuperación acumulada
80.0
96.10
96.11
96.12 60.0
96.12
96.12 40.0
96.12
96.12
20.0
96.12
96.12
96.12 0.0
0 5 10 15 20 25
96.12
96.12 Tiempo (Min)
96.12
96.12
96.12
96.12
96.12
96.12
96.12
96.12
96.12
96.12
96.12
96.12
96.12
96.12
96.12
96.12
96.12
96.12
96.12
96.12
96.12
Cu
99.43
5.57
Cu
65.94
81.65
93.48
96.45
97.44
98.24
7.9655
99.06%
Cu
65.94
81.65
Comparación de modelos de Klimpel
87.53 120.0
90.50
92.29 100.0
93.48
% Recuperación acumulada
94.33
80.0
94.96
95.46
95.86 60.0
96.18
96.45 40.0
96.68
96.88
97.05 20.0
97.20
97.33 0.0
0 5 10 15 20 25
97.44
97.55 Tiempo (Min)
97.64
97.73
97.80
97.87
97.94
98.00
98.05
98.10
98.15
98.20
98.24
98.27
98.31
98.34
98.38
98.41
98.43
98.46
98.49
98.51
98.53
Cu
7.03
2.32
0.08
Cu
64.09
84.38
94.41
95.70
96.64
97.94
1.5282
99.83%
Cu
64.09
84.38
Comparación de modelos de Kelsall
90.92 120.0
93.13
93.99 100.0
94.41
% Recuperación acumulada
94.70
94.93 80.0
95.14
95.33 60.0
95.52
95.70
40.0
95.87
96.04
96.20 20.0
96.35
96.50 0.0
0 5 10 15 20 25
96.64
96.77 Tiempo (Min)
96.90
97.03
97.15
97.26 Curva 1 de selectividad
97.37
97.48 3.50
97.58
97.68 3.00
97.77
97.86 2.50
97.94
98.03 2.00
98.11
98.18 1.50
98.26
98.33 1.00
98.39
98.46 0.50
0.00
40.00 50.00 60.00 70.00 80.00 90.00 1
1.00
0.50
98.52
98.58 0.00
40.00 50.00 60.00 70.00 80.00 90.00 1
98.64
Distribución (%)
Fe Cu
24.2 64.6
13.4 19.1
13.6 10.9
3.4 1.8
1.5 0.6
1.2 0.4
42.6 2.7
100.0 100.0
2.5
2.0
1.5
1.0
0.5
0.0
9
Real Cu
Real S
Real Fe
S
Cu
Real Cu
Real S
Real Fe
S
Cu
Fe
20 25
de Klimpel
Real Cu
Real S
Real Fe
S
Cu
Fe
20 25
de Kelsall
Real Cu
Real S
Real Fe
S
Cu
Fe
20 25
ectividad
𝑅_𝑡=𝑅_∞∗(1−𝑒^(−𝑘∗𝑡))
Sn S Fe
R∞ 2.57 90.00 47.13
k 0.74 1.84 1.34
Tiempo Sn S Fe
0.5 0.79 54.17 22.98
1 1.34 75.74 34.75
3 2.29 89.64 46.27
6 2.54 90.00 47.11
9 2.57 90.00 47.13
15 2.57 90.00 47.13
∑ Errores^2 0.2813 83.2773 32.4034
R^2 90.6% 92.2% 93.6%
Sn S Fe
0.5 0.79 54.17 22.98
1 1.34 75.74 34.75
1.5 1.72 84.32 40.79
2 1.98 87.74 43.88
2.5 2.16 89.10 45.46
3 2.29 89.64 46.27
3.5 2.37 89.86 46.69
4 2.43 89.94 46.90
4.5 2.48 89.98 47.01
5 2.50 89.99 47.07
5.5 2.52 90.00 47.10
6 2.54 90.00 47.11
6.5 2.55 90.00 47.12
7 2.55 90.00 47.12
7.5 2.56 90.00 47.13
8 2.56 90.00 47.13
8.5 2.56 90.00 47.13
9 2.57 90.00 47.13
9.5 2.57 90.00 47.13
10 2.57 90.00 47.13
10.5 2.57 90.00 47.13
11 2.57 90.00 47.13
11.5 2.57 90.00 47.13
12 2.57 90.00 47.13
12.5 2.57 90.00 47.13
13 2.57 90.00 47.13
13.5 2.57 90.00 47.13
14 2.57 90.00 47.13
14.5 2.57 90.00 47.13
15 2.57 90.00 47.13
15.5 2.57 90.00 47.13
16 2.57 90.00 47.13
16.5 2.57 90.00 47.13
17 2.57 90.00 47.13
17.5 2.57 90.00 47.13
18 2.57 90.00 47.13
18.5 2.57 90.00 47.13
19 2.57 90.00 47.13
19.5 2.57 90.00 47.13
20 2.57 90.00 47.13
Modelo de de Klimpel
𝑅_𝑡=𝑅_∞∗(1−((1−𝑒^(−𝑘∗𝑡)))/(𝑘∗𝑡))
Sn S Fe
R∞ 2.77 93.69 49.67
k 1.60 4.50 3.05
Tiempo Sn S Fe
0.5 0.86 56.46 24.17
1 1.39 73.12 34.14
3 2.20 86.76 44.24
6 2.48 90.23 46.95
9 2.58 91.38 47.86
15 2.66 92.31 48.59
∑ Errores^2 0.1417 15.4010 8.7764
R^2 94.8% 98.48% 98.19%
Sn S Fe
0.5 0.86 56.46 24.17
1 1.39 73.12 34.14
1.5 1.72 79.84 38.91
2 1.94 83.29 41.54
2.5 2.09 85.37 43.15
3 2.20 86.76 44.24
3.5 2.28 87.75 45.01
4 2.34 88.49 45.59
4.5 2.39 89.07 46.05
5 2.43 89.53 46.41
5.5 2.46 89.91 46.71
6 2.48 90.23 46.95
6.5 2.51 90.49 47.16
7 2.53 90.72 47.34
7.5 2.54 90.92 47.50
8 2.56 91.09 47.63
8.5 2.57 91.25 47.75
9 2.58 91.38 47.86
9.5 2.59 91.50 47.96
10 2.60 91.61 48.04
10.5 2.61 91.71 48.12
11 2.62 91.80 48.19
11.5 2.62 91.89 48.25
12 2.63 91.96 48.31
12.5 2.63 92.03 48.37
13 2.64 92.09 48.42
13.5 2.65 92.15 48.46
14 2.65 92.21 48.51
14.5 2.65 92.26 48.55
15 2.66 92.31 48.59
15.5 2.66 92.35 48.62
16 2.67 92.39 48.65
16.5 2.67 92.43 48.68
17 2.67 92.47 48.71
17.5 2.67 92.51 48.74
18 2.68 92.54 48.77
18.5 2.68 92.57 48.79
19 2.68 92.60 48.81
19.5 2.68 92.63 48.84
20 2.69 92.65 48.86
Modelo de de Kelsall
𝑅_𝑇=(100−∅)∗(1−𝑒^(−𝑘_𝑓∗𝑡) )
+∅∗(1−𝑒^(−𝑘_𝑠∗𝑡) )
Sn S Fe
Φ 1.91 22.77 57.81
Kf 0.00 2.54 1.65
Ks 1.32 0.12 0.01
Tiempo Sn S Fe
0.5 0.96 56.82 24.00
1 1.47 73.64 34.69
3 2.08 83.92 43.66
6 2.31 88.70 45.66
9 2.51 92.04 47.32
15 2.91 96.05 50.49
∑ Errores^2 0.0618 22.5321 12.9003
R^2 97.59% 97.88% 97.37%
Sn S Fe
0.5 0.96 56.82 24.00
1 1.47 73.64 34.69
1.5 1.75 79.17 39.53
2 1.91 81.49 41.82
2.5 2.01 82.86 42.98
3 2.08 83.92 43.66
3.5 2.13 84.85 44.11
4 2.17 85.72 44.47
4.5 2.21 86.53 44.79
5 2.24 87.30 45.09
5.5 2.28 88.02 45.38
6 2.31 88.70 45.66
6.5 2.35 89.34 45.94
7 2.38 89.94 46.22
7.5 2.41 90.51 46.50
8 2.45 91.05 46.78
8.5 2.48 91.56 47.05
9 2.51 92.04 47.32
9.5 2.55 92.49 47.59
10 2.58 92.91 47.86
10.5 2.61 93.32 48.13
11 2.65 93.69 48.40
11.5 2.68 94.05 48.67
12 2.71 94.39 48.93
12.5 2.74 94.71 49.19
13 2.78 95.01 49.45
13.5 2.81 95.29 49.71
14 2.84 95.56 49.97
14.5 2.88 95.81 50.23
15 2.91 96.05 50.49
15.5 2.94 96.27 50.74
16 2.98 96.48 51.00
16.5 3.01 96.68 51.25
17 3.04 96.87 51.50
17.5 3.08 97.05 51.75
18 3.11 97.22 52.00
18.5 3.14 97.37 52.25
19 3.17 97.52 52.49
19.5 3.21 97.66 52.74
20 3.24 97.80 52.98
Kelsall
Finos (g) Distribución (%)
%Cu
Sn S Fe Cu Sn S
5.21 1.9 101.8 35.1 6.1 1.1 58.5
3.425 0.6 21.3 8.8 1.1 0.3 12.2
1.987 1.1 24.9 14.2 0.9 0.6 14.3
0.695 0.7 9.4 5.1 0.1 0.4 5.4
0.352 0.5 3.6 2.5 0.0 0.3 2.1
0.423 0.3 1.7 1.2 0.0 0.2 1.0
0.026 174.4 11.5 68.4 0.3 97.2 6.6
0.59 179.5 174.1 135.3 8.6 100.0 100.0
a (%)
Cu Chart Title
70.9 120.0 3.0
83.8
94.1 100.0 2.5
95.6 80.0 2.0
96.0
96.3 60.0 1.5
40.0 1.0
20.0 0.5
0.0 0.0
0.5 1 3 6 9
Cu
95.01 S Fe
2.57 Cu Distribución acmulada (%) Sn
Cu
68.74
87.75
94.96
95.01
95.01
95.01
23.7125
95.7%
Cu
68.74
87.75
Comparación de modelos de Cinética de 1er orden
93.00 120.0
94.45
94.85
100.0
94.96
eración acumulada
94.99
80.0
60.0
100.0
% Recuperación acumulada
80.0
95.00
95.01
95.01 60.0
95.01
95.01 40.0
95.01
95.01
20.0
95.01
95.01
95.01 0.0
0 5 10 15 20 25
95.01
95.01 Tiempo (Min)
95.01
95.01
95.01
95.01
95.01
95.01
95.01
95.01
95.01
95.01
95.01
95.01
95.01
95.01
95.01
95.01
95.01
95.01
95.01
95.01
95.01
Cu
97.79
7.08
Cu
70.98
84.00
93.19
95.49
96.26
96.87
1.3574
99.74%
Cu
70.98
84.00
Comparación de modelos de Klimpel
88.59 120.0
90.89
92.27 100.0
93.19
% Recuperación acumulada
93.85
80.0
94.34
94.72
95.03 60.0
95.28
95.49 40.0
95.67
95.82
95.95 20.0
96.06
96.17 0.0
0 5 10 15 20 25
96.26
96.34 Tiempo (Min)
96.41
96.48
96.54
96.59
96.64
96.69
96.73
96.77
96.80
96.84
96.87
96.90
96.93
96.95
96.98
97.00
97.02
97.04
97.06
97.08
97.10
Cu
9.65
2.91
0.10
Cu
69.76
86.33
92.75
94.58
95.94
97.72
12.5912
97.70%
Cu
69.76
86.33
Comparación de modelos de Kelsall
90.50 120.0
91.77
92.35 100.0
92.75
% Recuperación acumulada
93.10
93.43 80.0
93.74
94.03 60.0
94.31
94.58
40.0
94.83
95.08
95.31 20.0
95.53
95.74 0.0
0 5 10 15 20 25
95.94
96.13 Tiempo (Min)
96.31
96.48
96.65
96.81 Curva 1 de selectividad
96.96
97.10 3.50
97.23
97.36 3.00
97.49
97.61 2.50
97.72
97.83 2.00
97.93
98.03 1.50
98.12
98.21 1.00
98.29
98.37 0.50
0.00
50.00 60.00 70.00 80.00 90.00 100.
1.00
0.50
98.45
98.52 0.00
50.00 60.00 70.00 80.00 90.00 100.
98.59
Distribución (%)
Fe Cu
26.0 70.9
6.5 12.9
10.5 10.3
3.7 1.4
1.9 0.4
0.9 0.3
50.6 3.7
100.0 100.0
3.0
2.5
2.0
1.5
1.0
0.5
0.0
9
Real Cu
Real S
Real Fe
S
Cu
Real Cu
Real S
Real Fe
S
Cu
Fe
20 25
de Klimpel
Real Cu
Real S
Real Fe
S
Cu
Fe
20 25
de Kelsall
Real Cu
Real S
Real Fe
S
Cu
Fe
20 25
ectividad
𝑅_𝑡=𝑅_∞∗(1−𝑒^(−𝑘∗𝑡))
Sn S Fe
R∞ 2.86 92.20 48.04
k 0.26 0.99 0.95
Tiempo Sn S Fe
0.5 0.36 35.97 18.21
1 0.67 57.91 29.52
3 1.57 87.46 45.29
6 2.28 91.96 47.89
9 2.60 92.19 48.03
15 2.81 92.20 48.04
∑ Errores^2 0.1385 18.8740 10.3627
R^2 98.1% 99.3% 98.7%
Sn S Fe
0.5 0.36 35.97 18.21
1 0.67 57.91 29.52
1.5 0.94 71.28 36.54
2 1.18 79.44 40.90
2.5 1.39 84.42 43.61
3 1.57 87.46 45.29
3.5 1.73 89.31 46.33
4 1.87 90.44 46.98
4.5 1.99 91.12 47.38
5 2.10 91.54 47.63
5.5 2.20 91.80 47.79
6 2.28 91.96 47.89
6.5 2.35 92.05 47.95
7 2.41 92.11 47.98
7.5 2.47 92.15 48.01
8 2.52 92.17 48.02
8.5 2.56 92.18 48.03
9 2.60 92.19 48.03
9.5 2.63 92.19 48.04
10 2.66 92.20 48.04
10.5 2.69 92.20 48.04
11 2.71 92.20 48.04
11.5 2.73 92.20 48.04
12 2.74 92.20 48.04
12.5 2.76 92.20 48.04
13 2.77 92.20 48.04
13.5 2.78 92.20 48.04
14 2.79 92.20 48.04
14.5 2.80 92.20 48.04
15 2.81 92.20 48.04
15.5 2.82 92.20 48.04
16 2.82 92.20 48.04
16.5 2.83 92.20 48.04
17 2.83 92.20 48.04
17.5 2.83 92.20 48.04
18 2.84 92.20 48.04
18.5 2.84 92.20 48.04
19 2.84 92.20 48.04
19.5 2.85 92.20 48.04
20 2.85 92.20 48.04
Modelo de de Klimpel
𝑅_𝑡=𝑅_∞∗(1−((1−𝑒^(−𝑘∗𝑡)))/(𝑘∗𝑡))
Sn S Fe
R∞ 3.24 98.44 51.40
k 0.53 2.14 2.06
Tiempo Sn S Fe
0.5 0.39 38.03 19.28
1 0.72 57.89 29.59
3 1.61 83.15 43.08
6 2.26 90.79 47.23
9 2.56 93.34 48.62
15 2.83 95.38 49.74
∑ Errores^2 0.0934 5.9202 0.3985
R^2 98.5% 99.80% 99.95%
Sn S Fe
0.5 0.39 38.03 19.28
1 0.72 57.89 29.59
1.5 1.00 69.05 35.49
2 1.24 75.79 39.10
2.5 1.44 80.15 41.46
3 1.61 83.15 43.08
3.5 1.76 85.32 44.26
4 1.89 86.96 45.15
4.5 2.00 88.23 45.85
5 2.10 89.25 46.40
5.5 2.18 90.09 46.86
6 2.26 90.79 47.23
6.5 2.32 91.37 47.55
7 2.38 91.88 47.83
7.5 2.43 92.32 48.07
8 2.48 92.70 48.28
8.5 2.52 93.04 48.46
9 2.56 93.34 48.62
9.5 2.59 93.61 48.77
10 2.63 93.85 48.90
10.5 2.65 94.07 49.02
11 2.68 94.27 49.13
11.5 2.70 94.45 49.23
12 2.73 94.61 49.32
12.5 2.75 94.77 49.40
13 2.77 94.91 49.48
13.5 2.78 95.04 49.55
14 2.80 95.16 49.62
14.5 2.81 95.27 49.68
15 2.83 95.38 49.74
15.5 2.84 95.48 49.79
16 2.85 95.57 49.84
16.5 2.87 95.66 49.89
17 2.88 95.74 49.93
17.5 2.89 95.82 49.97
18 2.90 95.89 50.01
18.5 2.91 95.96 50.05
19 2.91 96.02 50.09
19.5 2.92 96.09 50.12
20 2.93 96.15 50.15
Modelo de de Kelsall
𝑅_𝑇=(100−∅)∗(1−𝑒^(−𝑘_𝑓∗𝑡) )
+∅∗(1−𝑒^(−𝑘_𝑠∗𝑡) )
Sn S Fe
Φ 1.60 14.89 55.81
Kf 0.00 1.11 1.09
Ks 0.64 0.08 0.01
Tiempo Sn S Fe
0.5 0.48 36.88 18.83
1 0.85 58.23 29.82
3 1.64 85.11 43.81
6 2.12 90.43 46.66
9 2.43 92.45 47.95
15 2.98 95.21 50.32
∑ Errores^2 0.0303 2.5519 1.2848
R^2 99.35% 99.91% 99.84%
Sn S Fe
0.5 0.48 36.88 18.83
1 0.85 58.23 29.82
1.5 1.13 70.68 36.27
2 1.34 78.01 40.09
2.5 1.51 82.41 42.39
3 1.64 85.11 43.81
3.5 1.75 86.84 44.72
4 1.85 88.00 45.34
4.5 1.93 88.83 45.78
5 2.00 89.47 46.12
5.5 2.06 89.99 46.41
6 2.12 90.43 46.66
6.5 2.18 90.83 46.90
7 2.23 91.19 47.12
7.5 2.28 91.53 47.33
8 2.33 91.85 47.54
8.5 2.38 92.16 47.75
9 2.43 92.45 47.95
9.5 2.48 92.73 48.15
10 2.52 93.00 48.35
10.5 2.57 93.26 48.55
11 2.62 93.51 48.75
11.5 2.66 93.76 48.95
12 2.71 93.99 49.15
12.5 2.76 94.21 49.35
13 2.80 94.42 49.54
13.5 2.85 94.63 49.74
14 2.89 94.83 49.93
14.5 2.94 95.02 50.13
15 2.98 95.21 50.32
15.5 3.03 95.38 50.51
16 3.08 95.56 50.70
16.5 3.12 95.72 50.90
17 3.17 95.88 51.09
17.5 3.21 96.03 51.28
18 3.26 96.18 51.46
18.5 3.30 96.32 51.65
19 3.35 96.46 51.84
19.5 3.39 96.59 52.03
20 3.44 96.72 52.21
Kelsall
Finos (g) Distribución (%)
%Cu
Sn S Fe Cu Sn S
5.055 0.4 38.8 17.6 2.9 0.5 36.4
3.786 0.4 24.1 10.2 1.5 0.4 22.6
2.223 0.5 27.0 12.2 0.9 0.6 25.3
0.861 0.5 7.0 3.5 0.1 0.6 6.6
0.532 0.3 2.4 1.6 0.0 0.4 2.3
0.381 0.4 1.5 1.2 0.0 0.4 1.4
0.056 81.9 5.8 46.5 0.3 97.1 5.5
0.77 84.3 106.6 92.8 5.7 100.0 100.0
a (%)
Cu Chart Title
50.8 100.0 3.0
76.3 90.0
91.3 80.0 2.5
93.3 70.0 2.0
93.9 60.0
94.3 50.0 1.5
40.0
30.0 1.0
20.0 0.5
10.0
0.0 0.0
0.5 1 3 6 9
Cu
93.52 S Fe
1.61 Cu Distribución acmulada (%) Sn
Cu
51.81
74.91
92.78
93.51
93.52
93.52
5.7319
99.6%
Cu
51.81
74.91
Comparación de modelos de Cinética de 1er orden
85.22 100.0
89.81
90.0
91.86
92.78 80.0
eración acumulada
93.19 70.0
60.0
50.0
40.0
90.0
80.0
% Recuperación acumulada
70.0
93.37
60.0
93.45
93.49 50.0
93.50
40.0
93.51
93.51 30.0
93.51 20.0
93.51
10.0
93.52
93.52 0.0
0 5 10 15 20 25
93.52
93.52 Tiempo (Min)
93.52
93.52
93.52
93.52
93.52
93.52
93.52
93.52
93.52
93.52
93.52
93.52
93.52
93.52
93.52
93.52
93.52
93.52
93.52
93.52
93.52
Cu
97.75
3.80
Cu
54.03
72.63
89.18
93.47
94.89
96.04
32.6741
97.89%
Cu
54.03
72.63
Comparación de modelos de Klimpel
80.68 100.0
84.91
90.0
87.47
89.18 80.0
% Recuperación acumulada
90.41 70.0
91.33
60.0
92.04
92.61 50.0
93.08
40.0
93.47
93.80 30.0
94.08 20.0
94.32
10.0
94.54
94.73 0.0
0 5 10 15 20 25
94.89
95.04 Tiempo (Min)
95.18
95.30
95.41
95.51
95.61
95.69
95.77
95.85
95.91
95.98
96.04
96.09
96.14
96.19
96.24
96.28
96.32
96.36
96.40
96.43
96.46
Cu
7.72
1.65
0.02
Cu
51.98
74.78
92.11
93.20
93.63
94.39
4.3580
99.73%
Cu
51.98
74.78
Comparación de modelos de Kelsall
84.79 100.0
89.22
90.0
91.20
92.11 80.0
% Recuperación acumulada
92.55 70.0
92.79
60.0
92.93
93.04 50.0
93.12
40.0
93.20
93.28 30.0
93.35 20.0
93.42
10.0
93.49
93.56 0.0
0 5 10 15 20 25
93.63
93.69 Tiempo (Min)
93.76
93.83
93.89
93.96 Curva 1 de selectividad
94.02
94.08 4.00
94.14
94.21 3.50
94.27
3.00
94.33
94.39 2.50
94.45
94.51 2.00
94.56
94.62 1.50
94.68
1.00
94.73
94.79 0.50
0.00
30.00 40.00 50.00 60.00 70.00 80.00 90.00
1.50
1.00
0.50
94.85
94.90 0.00
30.00 40.00 50.00 60.00 70.00 80.00 90.00
94.95
Distribución (%)
Fe Cu
18.9 50.8
11.0 25.5
13.1 15.1
3.8 2.0
1.7 0.6
1.2 0.4
50.1 5.7
100.0 100.0
3.0
2.5
2.0
1.5
1.0
0.5
0.0
9
Real Cu
Real S
Real Fe
S
Cu
Real Cu
Real S
Real Fe
S
Cu
Fe
20 25
de Klimpel
Real Cu
Real S
Real Fe
S
Cu
Fe
20 25
de Kelsall
Real Cu
Real S
Real Fe
S
Cu
Fe
20 25
ectividad
𝑅_𝑡=𝑅_∞∗(1−𝑒^(−𝑘∗𝑡))
Sn S Fe
R∞ 2.86 92.20 48.04
k 0.26 0.99 0.95
Tiempo Sn S Fe
0.5 0.36 35.97 18.21
1 0.67 57.91 29.52
3 1.57 87.46 45.29
6 2.28 91.96 47.89
9 2.60 92.19 48.03
15 2.81 92.20 48.04
∑ Errores^2 1.4858 582.0996 120.7474
R^2 98.1% 96.8% 95.7%
Sn S Fe
0.5 0.36 35.97 18.21
1 0.67 57.91 29.52
1.5 0.94 71.28 36.54
2 1.18 79.44 40.90
2.5 1.39 84.42 43.61
3 1.57 87.46 45.29
3.5 1.73 89.31 46.33
4 1.87 90.44 46.98
4.5 1.99 91.12 47.38
5 2.10 91.54 47.63
5.5 2.20 91.80 47.79
6 2.28 91.96 47.89
6.5 2.35 92.05 47.95
7 2.41 92.11 47.98
7.5 2.47 92.15 48.01
8 2.52 92.17 48.02
8.5 2.56 92.18 48.03
9 2.60 92.19 48.03
9.5 2.63 92.19 48.04
10 2.66 92.20 48.04
10.5 2.69 92.20 48.04
11 2.71 92.20 48.04
11.5 2.73 92.20 48.04
12 2.74 92.20 48.04
12.5 2.76 92.20 48.04
13 2.77 92.20 48.04
13.5 2.78 92.20 48.04
14 2.79 92.20 48.04
14.5 2.80 92.20 48.04
15 2.81 92.20 48.04
15.5 2.82 92.20 48.04
16 2.82 92.20 48.04
16.5 2.83 92.20 48.04
17 2.83 92.20 48.04
17.5 2.83 92.20 48.04
18 2.84 92.20 48.04
18.5 2.84 92.20 48.04
19 2.84 92.20 48.04
19.5 2.85 92.20 48.04
20 2.85 92.20 48.04
Modelo de de Klimpel
𝑅_𝑡=𝑅_∞∗(1−((1−𝑒^(−𝑘∗𝑡)))/(𝑘∗𝑡))
Sn S Fe
R∞ 2.48 93.05 51.34
k 0.49 1.53 1.36
Tiempo Sn S Fe
0.5 0.28 28.08 14.06
1 0.52 45.49 23.24
3 1.18 73.04 38.94
6 1.69 82.94 45.04
9 1.93 86.31 47.14
15 2.15 89.01 48.82
∑ Errores^2 0.0435 19.8626 8.3029
R^2 98.8% 99.39% 99.20%
Sn S Fe
0.5 0.28 28.08 14.06
1 0.52 45.49 23.24
1.5 0.73 56.67 29.41
2 0.90 64.14 33.68
2.5 1.05 69.32 36.71
3 1.18 73.04 38.94
3.5 1.30 75.81 40.62
4 1.40 77.92 41.92
4.5 1.48 79.59 42.95
5 1.56 80.93 43.78
5.5 1.63 82.03 44.47
6 1.69 82.94 45.04
6.5 1.74 83.72 45.52
7 1.78 84.39 45.94
7.5 1.83 84.96 46.30
8 1.86 85.47 46.61
8.5 1.90 85.91 46.89
9 1.93 86.31 47.14
9.5 1.96 86.67 47.36
10 1.98 86.98 47.56
10.5 2.00 87.27 47.74
11 2.03 87.54 47.90
11.5 2.05 87.78 48.05
12 2.06 87.99 48.19
12.5 2.08 88.20 48.32
13 2.09 88.38 48.43
13.5 2.11 88.56 48.54
14 2.12 88.72 48.64
14.5 2.13 88.87 48.73
15 2.15 89.01 48.82
15.5 2.16 89.14 48.90
16 2.17 89.26 48.98
16.5 2.18 89.37 49.05
17 2.19 89.48 49.12
17.5 2.19 89.58 49.18
18 2.20 89.68 49.24
18.5 2.21 89.77 49.30
19 2.22 89.86 49.35
19.5 2.22 89.94 49.40
20 2.23 90.02 49.45
Modelo de de Kelsall
𝑅_𝑇=(100−∅)∗(1−𝑒^(−𝑘_𝑓∗𝑡) )
+∅∗(1−𝑒^(−𝑘_𝑠∗𝑡) )
Sn S Fe
Φ 1.21 29.20 60.09
Kf 0.00 0.96 0.85
Ks 0.59 0.08 0.01
Tiempo Sn S Fe
0.5 0.34 28.18 14.16
1 0.61 45.97 23.55
3 1.21 72.96 39.00
6 1.59 81.50 44.04
9 1.83 85.53 46.34
15 2.26 90.95 50.27
∑ Errores^2 0.0087 14.7964 6.9356
R^2 99.69% 99.56% 99.34%
Sn S Fe
0.5 0.34 28.18 14.16
1 0.61 45.97 23.55
1.5 0.82 57.34 29.83
2 0.98 64.71 34.07
2.5 1.11 69.61 36.97
3 1.21 72.96 39.00
3.5 1.30 75.35 40.45
4 1.38 77.13 41.52
4.5 1.44 78.52 42.35
5 1.50 79.66 43.01
5.5 1.55 80.64 43.56
6 1.59 81.50 44.04
6.5 1.64 82.29 44.48
7 1.68 83.01 44.88
7.5 1.72 83.69 45.27
8 1.76 84.33 45.63
8.5 1.80 84.94 45.99
9 1.83 85.53 46.34
9.5 1.87 86.09 46.68
10 1.90 86.62 47.02
10.5 1.94 87.14 47.36
11 1.98 87.63 47.69
11.5 2.01 88.10 48.02
12 2.05 88.56 48.35
12.5 2.08 89.00 48.68
13 2.12 89.42 49.00
13.5 2.15 89.82 49.32
14 2.19 90.21 49.64
14.5 2.22 90.59 49.95
15 2.26 90.95 50.27
15.5 2.29 91.30 50.58
16 2.33 91.63 50.89
16.5 2.36 91.95 51.20
17 2.39 92.26 51.51
17.5 2.43 92.55 51.81
18 2.46 92.84 52.11
18.5 2.50 93.11 52.42
19 2.53 93.38 52.71
19.5 2.57 93.63 53.01
20 2.60 93.88 53.31
Kelsall
Finos (g) Distribución (%)
%Cu
Sn S Fe Cu Sn S
5.675 0.3 27.3 11.5 2.3 0.4 25.7
4.576 0.2 24.2 11.1 1.5 0.3 22.8
2.861 0.4 24.7 11.3 1.1 0.5 23.3
1.465 0.4 10.7 5.9 0.3 0.5 10.1
1.46 0.2 4.5 2.5 0.1 0.2 4.2
1.488 0.3 4.6 2.4 0.1 0.4 4.4
0.054 80.9 10.1 45.0 0.3 97.8 9.5
0.76 82.7 106.2 89.8 5.7 100.0 100.0
a (%)
Cu Chart Title
39.8 100.0 2.0
66.4 90.0 1.8
85.0 80.0 1.6
89.8 70.0 1.4
91.9 60.0 1.2
94.3 50.0 1.0
40.0 0.8
30.0 0.6
20.0 0.4
10.0 0.2
0.0 0.0
0.5 1 3 6 9
Cu
93.52 S Fe
1.61 Cu Distribución acmulada (%) Sn
Cu
51.81
74.91
92.78
93.51
93.52
93.52
293.9717
98.3%
Cu
51.81
74.91
Comparación de modelos de Cinética de 1er orden
85.22 100.0
89.81
90.0
91.86
92.78 80.0
eración acumulada
93.19 70.0
60.0
50.0
40.0
90.0
80.0
% Recuperación acumulada
70.0
93.37
60.0
93.45
93.49 50.0
93.50 40.0
93.51
93.51 30.0
93.51 20.0
93.51
10.0
93.52
93.52 0.0
0 5 10 15 20 25
93.52
93.52 Tiempo (Min)
93.52
93.52
93.52
93.52
93.52
93.52
93.52
93.52
93.52
93.52
93.52
93.52
93.52
93.52
93.52
93.52
93.52
93.52
93.52
93.52
93.52
Cu
96.59
2.66
Cu
43.21
62.85
84.50
90.54
92.56
94.17
25.8965
98.90%
Cu
43.21
62.85
Comparación de modelos de Klimpel
72.85 100.0
78.54
90.0
82.10
84.50 80.0
% Recuperación acumulada
86.22 70.0
87.52
60.0
88.53
89.33 50.0
89.99
40.0
90.54
91.01 30.0
91.40 20.0
91.75
10.0
92.05
92.32 0.0
0 5 10 15 20 25
92.56
92.77 Tiempo (Min)
92.96
93.13
93.29
93.43
93.56
93.68
93.80
93.90
94.00
94.08
94.17
94.25
94.32
94.39
94.45
94.51
94.57
94.63
94.68
94.73
94.77
Cu
15.20
1.35
0.07
Cu
42.17
63.84
86.06
89.73
91.59
94.34
13.5291
99.44%
Cu
42.17
63.84
Comparación de modelos de Kelsall
75.08 100.0
81.01
90.0
84.22
86.06 80.0
% Recuperación acumulada
87.18 70.0
87.94
60.0
88.50
88.96 50.0
89.37
40.0
89.73
90.08 30.0
90.40 20.0
90.72
10.0
91.02
91.31 0.0
0 5 10 15 20 25
91.59
91.86 Tiempo (Min)
92.13
92.38
92.63
92.87 Curva 1 de selectividad
93.10
93.32 3.00
93.54
93.75 2.50
93.95
94.15
2.00
94.34
94.52
94.70 1.50
94.87
95.03 1.00
95.19
95.35
0.50
95.50
0.00
20.00 30.00 40.00 50.00 60.00 70.00 80.00
1.00
0.50
95.65
95.79 0.00
20.00 30.00 40.00 50.00 60.00 70.00 80.00
95.92
Distribución (%)
Fe Cu
12.8 39.8
12.4 26.7
12.6 18.6
6.6 4.8
2.8 2.1
2.7 2.4
50.2 5.7
100.0 100.0
2.0
1.8
1.6
1.4
1.2
1.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0.0
9
Real Cu
Real S
Real Fe
S
Cu
Real Cu
Real S
Real Fe
S
Cu
Fe
20 25
de Klimpel
Real Cu
Real S
Real Fe
S
Cu
Fe
20 25
de Kelsall
Real Cu
Real S
Real Fe
S
Cu
Fe
20 25
ectividad