Comunicaciones digitales

Capítulo 6: Modulaciones Digitales

Ph.D. Alexander B. Hilario Tacuri

Universidad Católica San Pablo

Arequipa - Perú

Mayo, 2020
 Sistema con modulación de amplitud y fase

s(t) = αg(t) cos(2πfc t + θ) − βg(t) sin(2πfc t + θ)

Cuadratura de fase

Alexander Hilario
 Sistema con modulación de amplitud y fase

s(t) = αg(t) cos(2πfc t + θ) − βg(t) sin(2πfc t + θ)

p
s(t) = α2 + β 2 g(t) cos 2πfc t + θ + tan−1 (β/α)

Nota:
Z∞
g 2 (t) cos(2πfc t + θ) sin(2πfc t + θ)dt = 0
∞

Alexander Hilario
 ASK – Amplitude-Shift Keying

s(t) = αg(t) cos(2πfc t + θ)

g(t) cos(2πfc t + θ)

b Mapeador α s(t)
× ×
de símbolos

Alexander Hilario
 ASK – Amplitude-Shift Keying
s(t) = αg(t) cos(2πfc t + θ)

∆
ASK on-off: α =
0

Z∞
Es1 = ∆2 g 2 (t) cos2 (2πfc t + θ)dt
∞
∆2
= Eg
2
Es2 = 0
Asi
∆2
Es = Eg Alexander Hilario
4
 ASK – Amplitude-Shift Keying

s(t) = αg(t) cos(2πfc t + θ)


∆/2
ASK Simétrico: α =
−∆/2

∆2
Es1 = Es2 = Eg
8
Asi
∆2
Es = Eg
8

Alexander Hilario
 ASK – Amplitude-Shift Keying

Receptor
sd (t) = s1 (t) − s2 (t) = ∆g(t) cos(2πfc t + θ)

r(t) R∞ s1 (t)
Es1 −Es2
× × ≷ 2
−∞ s2 (t)

cos(2πfc t + θ) ∆g(t)

Alexander Hilario
 ASK – Amplitude-Shift Keying

Receptor
sd (t) = s1 (t) − s2 (t) = ∆g(t) cos(2πfc t + θ)

r(t) s1 (t)
Es1 −Es2
× f (t) = Kg(mT − t) ≷ 2
t = mTs2 (t)

cos(2πfc t + θ)

Alexander Hilario
 ASK – Amplitude-Shift Keying
Receptor

r(t) s1 (t)
Es1 −Es2
× f (t) = Kg(mT − t) ≷ 2
t = mTs2 (t)

cos(2πfc t + θ)

Z∞
0
r (T ) = r(t) cos(2πfc t + θ)Kg(t)dt
−∞
Z∞
s(t) = αg(t) cos(2πfc t + θ) 0
r (T ) = αK g 2 (t) cos2 (2πfc t + θ)dt
−∞
0 α 0
r (T ) = g (T ); g 0 (T ) = KEg Alexander Hilario
2
 ASK – Amplitude-Shift Keying

α 0
r0 (T ) = g (T )
2

Alexander Hilario
 QAM – Quadrature Amplitude Modulation

s(t) = αg(t) cos(2πfc t + θ) − βg(t) sin(2πfc t + θ)

∆ ∆ √ ∆
α=± , ±3 , . . . , ( M − 1)
2 2 2
∆ ∆ √ ∆
β = ± , ±3 , . . . , ( M − 1)
2 2 2

Alexander Hilario
 QAM – Quadrature Amplitude Modulation

s(t) = αg(t) cos(2πfc t + θ) − βg(t) sin(2πfc t + θ)

α
× ×

Mapeador g(t) cos(2πfc t + θ) s(t)

b
de sím- +
bolos
β
× ×

g(t) − sin(2πfc t + θ) Alexander Hilario

 QAM – Quadrature Amplitude Modulation
s(t) = αg(t) cos(2πfc t + θ) − βg(t) sin(2πfc t + θ)
p
s(t) = α2 + β 2 g(t) cos 2πfc t + θ + tan−1 (β/α)

QAM-4
∆
α, β = ±
2
√
2
∆g(t) cos 2πfc t + θ + tan−1 (±1)


s(t) =
2
Z∞
∆2
Es = g 2 (t) cos2 (2πfc t + θ)dt
2
∞

∆2
Es = Eg
4 Alexander Hilario
 QAM – Quadrature Amplitude Modulation
QAM-4 √
2
∆g(t) cos 2πfc t + θ + tan−1 (±1)


s(t) =
2

Alexander Hilario
 QAM – Quadrature Amplitude Modulation

s(t) = αg(t) cos(2πfc t + θ) − βg(t) sin(2πfc t + θ)

QAM-16
Z∞
E(α, β) = [αg(t) cos(2πfc t + θ) − βg(t) sin(2πfc t + θ)]2 dt
−∞
α2 + β 2
 
E(α, β) = Eg
2
!
α2 + β 2
Es = Eg
2

Alexander Hilario
 QAM – Quadrature Amplitude Modulation
QAM-16

Alexander Hilario
 QAM – Quadrature Amplitude Modulation
Receptor
Z∞
ρ= r(t)[αg(t) cos(2πfc t + θ) − βg(t) sin(2πfc t + θ)]dt
−∞

ρ = αρ1 + βρ2
Z∞
ρ1 = r(t)g(t) cos(2πfc t + θ)dt
−∞

Z∞
ρ2 = r(t)g(t) sin(2πfc t + θ)dt
−∞
Alexander Hilario
 QAM – Quadrature Amplitude Modulation
Receptor QAM-4

R∞ ρ1
× ×
−∞

cos(2πfc t + θ) g(t)
r(t)

R∞ ρ2
× ×
−∞

− sin(2πfc t + θ) g(t)
Alexander Hilario
 QAM – Quadrature Amplitude Modulation
Receptor QAM-4

ρ1
× f (t) = Kg(mT − t)
t = mT

r(t) cos(2πfc t + θ)

ρ2
× f (t) = Kg(mT − t)
t = mT

− sin(2πfc t + θ)

Alexander Hilario
 QAM – Quadrature Amplitude Modulation

Receptor QAM-4

α 0
ρ1 = g (t0 )
2
β
ρ2 = g 0 (t0 )
2
0
donde g (t) = g(t) ∗ f (t) = KEg

Alexander Hilario
 PSK - Phase Shift Keying

p
tan−1 (β/α)


s(t) = α2 + β 2 g(t) cos 2πfc t + θ +

α = V cos(φ)
β = V sin(φ)

donde  
π 3π 5π
φ∈ , , ,...
M M M

Alexander Hilario
 PSK - Phase Shift Keying

s(t) = V g(t) cos(2πfc t + θ + φ)

V2
Es = Eg
2

Alexander Hilario
 PSK - Phase Shift Keying
PSK-8

Alexander Hilario
 PSK - Phase Shift Keying
PSK-8

Alexander Hilario
 PSK - Phase Shift Keying
Receptor PSK

ρ1
× f (t) = Kg(mT − t)
t = mT

r(t) cos(2πfc t + θ)
Detector
 
r2
tan−1 r1
de umbral

× f (t) = Kg(mT − t)
t = mT ρ2

− sin(2πfc t + θ)

Alexander Hilario
 PSK - Phase Shift Keying
PSK-8

Alexander Hilario
FSK - Frequency Shift Keying

si (t) = Ag(t) cos(2πfi t + θi ))

Alexander Hilario
 FSK - Frequency Shift Keying
FSK-2

s1 (t) = Ag(t) cos(2πf1 t + θ1 )

s2 (t) = Ag(t) cos(2πf2 t + θ2 )

A2 T
Es =
2

Alexander Hilario
 FSK - Frequency Shift Keying

FSK-Ortogonal
Z∞
si (t)sj (t)dt = 0 para i 6= j
−∞

Condición de ortogonalidad:
k
fi − fj = para i 6= j
T

Alexander Hilario
 FSK - Frequency Shift Keying
Receptor FSK-2

ρ1
× f (t) = Kg(mT − t)
t = mT

r(t) cos(2πf1 t + θ1 ) fˆ
Comparador

× f (t) = Kg(mT − t)
t = mT ρ2

− sin(2πf2 t + θ2 )

Alexander Hilario
Comunicaciones digitales
Capítulo 6: Modulaciones Digitales

Ph.D. Alexander B. Hilario Tacuri

Universidad Católica San Pablo

Arequipa - Perú

Mayo, 2020