APÉNDICE B Tablas de datos 529

TABLA 2.3
Propiedades físicas de compuestos seleccionados
Las densidades de los compuestos no gaseosos se dan en condiciones estándar.
Peso Punto de Punto de Densidad Capacidad calorífica
Fórmula Nombre molecular fusión (K) ebullición (K) ρ° (kg m⫺3) C°P,m (J K⫺1 mol⫺1)

CO (g) Monóxido de carbono 28.01 68.13 81.65 — 29.1

COCl2 (g) Fosgeno 98.92 145.4 281 —
CO2 (g) Dióxido de carbono 44.01 216.6 tp 194.75 — 37.1
D2O (l) Óxido de deuterio 20.03 277 374.6 1108
HCl (g) Cloruro de hidrógeno 36.46 158.98 188.15 — 29.1
HF (g) Fluoruro de hidrógeno 20.01 189.8 293.15 —
H2O Agua 18.02 273.15 373.15 998(l) 75.3(l)
20°C 36.2(s)
917(s) 0°C
H2O2 (l) Peróxido de hidrógeno 34.01 272.72 423.35 1440 43.1
H2SO4 (l) Ácido sulfúrico 98.08 283.46 610.15 1800
KBr (s) Bromuro potásico 119.00 1007.15 1708.15 2740 52.3
KCl (s) Cloruro potásico 74.55 1044.15 1988 51.3
KI (s) Ioduro potásico 166.0 954.15 1596.15 3120 52.9
NaCl (s) Cloruro sódico 58.44 1073.85 1738.15 2170 50.5
NH3 (g) Amoniaco 17.03 195.42 239.82 — 35.1
SO2 (g) Dióxido de azufre 64.06 197.65 263.10 — 39.9
CCl4 (l) Tetracloruro de carbono 153.82 250.3 349.8 1594 131.3
CH4 (g) Metano 16.04 90.75 111.65 — 35.7
HCOOH (l) Ácido fórmico 46.03 281.45 374.15 1220 99.04
CH3OH (l) Metanol 32.04 175.55 337.75 791.4 81.1
CH3CHO (l) Acetaldehído 44.05 150.15 293.25 783.4 89.0
CH3COOH Ácido acético 60.05 289.6 391.2 1044.6 123.1
CH3COCH3 (l) Acetona 58.08 178.5 329.2 789.9 125.45
C2H5OH (l) Etanol 46.07 158.8 351.5 789.3 112.3
C3H7OH (l) 1-Propanol 60.10 147.05 370.35 799.8 156.5
C4H11OH (l) 1-Butanol 74.12 183.35 390.85 809.8 176.9
C5H5NH2 (l) Piridina 79.10 231.55 388.35 981.9 193
C5H12 (l) Pentano 72.15 143.45 309.15 626.2 167.2
C5H11OH (l) 1-Pentanol 88.15 194.25 411.05 814.4 207.5
C6H12 (l) Ciclohexano 84.16 279.6 353.9 773.9 156.0
C6H5CHO (l) Benzaldehído 106.12 247.15 452.15 1041.5 172.0
C6H5COOH (s) Ácido benzoico 122.12 395.55 522.35 1265.9 147.8
C6H5CH3 (l) Tolueno 92.14 178.2 383.8 866.9 157.1
C6H5NH2 (l) Anilina 93.13 267 457 1021.7 194.1
C6H5OH (s) Fenol 94.11 314.05 454.95 1057.6 127.2
C6H6 (l) Benceno 78.11 278.6 353.3 876.5 135.7
1,2-(CH3)2C6H5 (l) o-Xileno 106.17 248 417.6 880.2 187.7
C8H18 (l) Octano 114.23 216.35 398.75 698.6 254.7
Fuentes: HCP y TDOC.

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530 A P É N D I C E B Tablas de datos

TABLA 2.4
Capacidad calorífica molar, CP,m, de gases en el intervalo 298–800 K
Dada por

T T2 T3
CP ,m ( J K −1 mol −1 ) = A(1) + A(2) + A(3) 2 + A(4) 3
K K K

Nótese que CP, m para sólidos y líquidos a 298.15 K se da en las Tablas 2.1 y 2.2.
CP° (298.15 K)
Nombre Fórmula en J K⫺1mol⫺1 A(1) A(2) A(3) A(4)

Gases monoatómicos He, Ne, Ar, Xe, O, H, 20.79 20.79

entre otros
Bromo Br2 36.05 30.11 0.03353 ⫺5.5009 × 10⫺5 3.1711 × 10⫺8
Cloro Cl2 33.95 22.85 0.06543 ⫺1.2517 × 10⫺4 1.1484 × 10⫺7
Monóxido de carbono CO 29.14 31.08 ⫺0.01452 3.1415 × 10 ⫺5
⫺1.4973 × 10⫺8
Dióxido de carbono CO2 37.14 18.86 0.07937 ⫺6.7834 × 10⫺5 2.4426 × 10⫺8
Flúor F2 31.30 23.06 0.03742 ⫺3.6836 × 10 ⫺5
1.351 × 10⫺8
Hidrógeno H2 28.84 22.66 0.04381 ⫺1.0835 × 10⫺4 1.1710 × 10⫺7
Agua H2O 33.59 33.80 ⫺0.00795 2.8228 × 10 ⫺5
⫺1.3115 × 10⫺8
Bromuro de hidrógeno HBr 29.13 29.72 ⫺0.00416 7.3177 × 10⫺6
Cloruro de hidrógeno HCl 29.14 29.81 ⫺0.00412 6.2231 × 10⫺6
Fluoruro de hidrógeno HF 29.14 28.94 0.00152 ⫺4.0674 × 10⫺6 ×3.8970 × 10⫺9
Amoniaco NH3 35.62 29.29 0.01103 4.2446 × 10 ⫺5
⫺2.7706 × 10⫺8
Nitrógeno N2 29.13 30.81 ⫺0.01187 2.3968 × 10⫺5 ⫺1.0176 × 10⫺8
NO 29.86 33.58 ⫺0.02593 5.3326 × 10⫺5 ⫺2.7744 × 10⫺8
NO2 37.18 32.06 ⫺0.00984 1.3807 × 10⫺4 ⫺1.8157 × 10⫺7
Oxígeno O2 29.38 32.83 ⫺0.03633 1.1532 × 10⫺4 ⫺1.2194 × 10⫺7
Dióxido de azufre SO2 39.83 26.07 0.05417 2.6774 × 10⫺5
Metano CH4 35.67 30.65 ⫺0.01739 1.3903 × 10⫺4 8.1395 × 10⫺8
Metanol CH3OH 44.07 26.53 0.03703 9.451 × 10⫺5 ⫺7.2006 × 10⫺8
Etino C2H2 44.05 10.82 0.15889 ⫺1.8447 × 10 ⫺4
8.5291 × 10⫺8
Eteno C2H4 42.86 8.39 0.12453 ⫺2.5224 × 10⫺5 ⫺1.5679 × 10⫺8
Etano C2H6 52.38 6.82 0.16840 ⫺5.2347 × 10⫺5
Propano C3H8 73.52 0.56 0.27559 ⫺1.0355 × 10⫺4
Butano C4H10 101.01 172.02 ⫺1.08574 4.4887 × 10⫺3 ⫺6.5539 × 10⫺6
Pentano C5H12 120.11 2.02 0.44729 ⫺1.7174 × 10⫺4
Benceno C6H6 82.39 ⫺46.48 0.53735 ⫺3.8303 × 10⫺4 1.0184 × 10⫺7
Hexano C6H12 142.13 ⫺13.27 0.61995 ⫺3.5408 × 10⫺4 7.6704 × 10⫺8
Fuentes: HCP y HTTD.

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 APÉNDICE B Tablas de datos 531

TABLA 2.5
Capacidad calorífica molar, CP,m, de sólidos
T T2 T3 T4
CP ,m ( J K −1 mol −1 ) = A(1) + A(2) + A(3) 2 + A(4) 3 + A(5) 4
K K K K

CP,m (298.15 K)
Fórmula Nombre (J K⫺1 mol⫺1) A(1) A(2) A(3) A(4) A(5) Rango (K)

Ag Plata 25.35 26.12 ⫺0.0110 3.826 × 10⫺5 3.750 × 10⫺8 1.396 × 10⫺11 290–800
Al Aluminio 24.4 6.56 0.1153 ⫺2.460 × 10 ⫺4
1.941 × 10⫺7
200–450
Au Oro 25.4 34.97 ⫺0.0768 2.117 × 10⫺4
⫺2.350 × 10⫺7
9.500 × 10⫺11
290–800
CsCl Cloruro 52.5 43.38 0.0467 ⫺8.973 × 10⫺5 1.421 × 10⫺7 ⫺8.237 × 10⫺11 200–600
de cesio
CuSO4 Sulfato 98.9 ⫺13.81 0.7036 ⫺1.636 × 10⫺3 2.176 × 10⫺6 ⫺1.182 × 10⫺9 200–600
de cobre
Fe Hierro 25.1 ⫺10.99 0.3353 ⫺1.238 × 10⫺3 2.163 × 10⫺6 ⫺1.407 × 10⫺9 200–450
NaCl Cloruro 50.5 25.19 0.1973 ⫺6.011 × 10 ⫺4
8.815 × 10⫺7
⫺4.765 × 10⫺10 200–600
sódico
Si Silicio 20.0 ⫺6.25 0.1681 ⫺3.437 × 10⫺4 2.494 × 10⫺7 6.667 × 10⫺12 200–450
C C 8.5 ⫺12.19 0.1126 ⫺1.947 × 10 ⫺4
1.919 × 10⫺7
⫺7.800 × 10⫺11
290–600
(grafito)
C6H5OH Fenol 127.4 ⫺5.97 1.0380 ⫺6.467 × 10⫺3 2.304 × 10⫺5 ⫺2.658 × 10⫺8 100–314
C10H8 Naftaleno 165.7 ⫺6.16 1.0383 ⫺5.355 × 10 ⫺3
1.891 × 10⫺5
⫺2.053 × 10⫺8
100–353
C14H10 Antraceno 210.5 11.10 0.5816 2.790 × 10⫺4 100–488
Fuentes: HCP y HTTD.

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532 A P É N D I C E B Tablas de datos

TABLA 4.1
Datos termodinámicos de compuestos inorgánicos
Peso atómico
Sustancia ⌬H°f (kJ mol⫺1) ⌬G°f (kJ mol⫺1) S° (J mol⫺1 K⫺1) CP° (J mol⫺1 K⫺1) o molecular (uma)

Aluminio
Al(s) 0 0 28.3 24.4 26.98
Al2O3(s) ⫺1675.7 ⫺1582.3 50.9 79.0 101.96
Al3⫹(aq) ⫺538.4 ⫺485.0 ⫺325 26.98
Antimonio
Sb(s) 0 0 45.7 25.2 121.75
Argón
Ar(g) 0 0 154.8 20.8 39.95
Azufre
S(rómbico) 0 0 32.1 22.6 32.06
SF6(g) ⫺1220.5 ⫺1116.5 291.5 97.3 146.07
H2S(g) ⫺20.6 ⫺33.4 205.8 34.2 34.09
SO2(g) ⫺296.8 ⫺300.1 248.2 39.9 64.06
SO3(s) ⫺454.5 ⫺374.2 70.7 80.06
2⫺
SO3 (aq) ⫺635.5 ⫺486.6 ⫺29.3 80.06
SO42⫺(aq) ⫺909.3 ⫺744.5 20.1 96.06
Bario
Ba(s) 0 0 62.5 28.1 137.34
BaO(s) ⫺548.0 ⫺520.3 72.1 47.3 153.34
BaCO3(s) ⫺1216.3 ⫺1137.6 112.1 85.4 197.35
BaCl2(s) ⫺855.0 ⫺806.7 123.7 75.1 208.25
BaSO4(s) ⫺1473.2 ⫺1362.3 132.2 101.8 233.40
2⫹
Ba (aq) ⫺537.6 ⫺560.8 9.6 137.34
Bromo
Br2(l) 0 0 152.2 75.7 159.82
Br2(g) 30.9 3.1 245.5 36.0 159.82
Br(g) 111.9 82.4 175.0 20.8 79.91
HBr(g) ⫺36.3 ⫺53.4 198.7 29.1 90.92
⫺
Br (aq) ⫺121.6 ⫺104.0 82.4 79.91
Calcio
Ca(s) 0 0 41.6 25.9 40.08
CaCO3(s) calcita ⫺1220.0 ⫺1081.4 110.0 81.9 100.09
CaCl2(s) ⫺795.4 ⫺748.8 108.4 72.9 110.99
CaO(s) ⫺634.9 ⫺603.3 38.1 42.0 56.08
CaSO4(s) ⫺1434.5 ⫺1322.0 106.5 99.7 136.15
Ca2⫹(aq) ⫺542.8 ⫺553.6 ⫺53.1 40.08
Carbono
Grafito(s) 0 0 5.74 8.52 12.011
Diamante(s) 1.89 2.90 2.38 6.12 12.011
C(g) 716.7 671.2 158.1 20.8 12.011
CO(g) ⫺110.5 ⫺137.2 197.7 29.1 28.011
CO2(g) ⫺393.5 ⫺394.4 213.8 37.1 44.010
HCN(g) 135.5 124.7 201.8 35.9 27.03

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 APÉNDICE B Tablas de datos 533

TABLA 4.1
(Continuación)
Peso atómico
Sustancia ⌬H°f (kJ mol⫺1) ⌬G°f (kJ mol⫺1) S° (J mol⫺1 K⫺1) CP° (J mol⫺1 K⫺1) o molecular (uma)

CN⫺(aq) 150.6 172.4 94.1 26.02

HCO3⫺(aq) ⫺692.0 ⫺586.8 91.2 61.02
2⫺
CO3 (aq) ⫺675.2 ⫺527.8 ⫺50.0 60.01
Cinc
Zn(s) 0 0 41.6 25.4 65.37
ZnCl2(s) ⫺415.1 ⫺369.4 111.5 71.3 136.28
ZnO(s) ⫺350.5 ⫺320.5 43.7 40.3 81.37
ZnSO4(s) ⫺982.8 ⫺871.5 110.5 99.2 161.43
Zn2⫹(aq) ⫺153.9 ⫺147.1 ⫺112.1 65.37
Cloro
Cl2(g) 0 0 223.1 33.9 70.91
Cl(g) 121.3 105.7 165.2 21.8 35.45
HCl(g) ⫺92.3 ⫺95.3 186.9 29.1 36.46
ClO2(g) 102.5 120.5 256.8 42.0 67.45
ClO4 (aq)⫺
⫺128.1 ⫺8.52 184.0 99.45
Cl⫺(aq) ⫺167.2 ⫺131.2 56.5 35.45
Cobre
Cu(s) 0 0 33.2 24.4 63.54
CuCl2(s) ⫺220.1 ⫺175.7 108.1 71.9 134.55
CuO(s) ⫺157.3 ⫺129.7 42.6 42.3 79.54
Cu2O(s) ⫺168.6 ⫺146.0 93.1 63.6 143.08
CuSO4(s) ⫺771.4 ⫺662.2 109.2 98.5 159.62
⫹
Cu (aq) 71.7 50.0 40.6 63.54
Cu2⫹(aq) 64.8 65.5 ⫺99.6 63.54
Deuterio
D2(g) 0 0 145.0 29.2 4.028
HD(g) 0.32 ⫺1.46 143.8 29.2 3.022
D2O(g) ⫺249.2 ⫺234.5 198.3 34.3 20.028
D2O(l) ⫺294.6 ⫺243.4 75.94 84.4 20.028
HDO(g) ⫺246.3 ⫺234.5 199.4 33.8 19.022
HDO(l) ⫺289.9 ⫺241.9 79.3 19.022
Estaño
Sn(blanco) 0 0 51.2 27.0 118.69
Sn(g) 301.2 266.2 168.5 21.3 118.69
SnO2(s) ⫺577.6 ⫺515.8 49.0 52.6 150.69
Sn2⫹(aq) ⫺8.9 ⫺27.2 ⫺16.7 118.69
Flúor
F2(g) 0 0 202.8 31.3 38.00
F(g) 79.4 62.3 158.8 22.7 19.00
HF(g) ⫺273.3 ⫺275.4 173.8 29.1 20.01
⫺
F (aq) ⫺332.6 ⫺278.8 ⫺13.8 19.00
Fósforo
P(s) blanco 0 0 41.1 23.8 30.97

(continúa)

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534 A P É N D I C E B Tablas de datos

TABLA 4.1

(Continuación)
Peso atómico
Sustancia ⌬H°f (kJ mol⫺1) ⌬G°f (kJ mol⫺1) S° (J mol⫺1 K⫺1) CP° (J mol⫺1 K⫺1) o molecular (uma)

P(s) rojo ⫺17.6 ⫺12.1 22.8 21.2 30.97

P4(g) 58.9 24.4 280.0 67.2 123.90
PCl5(g) ⫺374.9 ⫺305.0 364.6 112.8 208.24
PH3(g) 5.4 13.5 210.2 37.1 34.00
H3PO4(l) ⫺1284.4 ⫺1124.3 110.5 106.1 94.97
3⫺
PO4 (aq) ⫺1277.4 ⫺1018.7 ⫺220.5 91.97
HPO42⫺(aq) ⫺1299.0 ⫺1089.2 ⫺33.5 92.97
H2PO4 (aq) ⫺
⫺1302.6 ⫺1130.2 92.5 93.97
Hidrógeno
H2(g) 0 0 130.7 28.8 2.016
H(g) 218.0 203.3 114.7 20.8 1.008
OH(g) 39.0 34.2 183.7 29.9 17.01
H2O(g) ⫺241.8 ⫺228.6 188.8 33.6 18.015
H2O(l) ⫺285.8 ⫺237.1 70.0 75.3 18.015
H2O(s) 48.0 36.2 (273 K) 18.015
H2O2(g) ⫺136.3 ⫺105.6 232.7 43.1 34.015
H⫹(aq) 0 0 0 1.008
⫺
OH (aq) ⫺230.0 ⫺157.24 ⫺10.9 17.01
Hierro
Fe(s) 0 0 27.3 25.1 55.85
Fe(g) 416.3 370.7 180.5 25.7 55.85
Fe2O3(s) ⫺824.2 ⫺742.2 87.4 103.9 159.69
Fe3O4(s) ⫺1118.4 ⫺1015.4 146.4 143.4 231.54
FeSO4(s) ⫺928.4 ⫺820.8 107.5 100.6 151.92
Fe2⫹(aq) ⫺89.1 ⫺78.9 ⫺137.7 55.85
3⫹
Fe (aq) ⫺48.5 ⫺4.7 ⫺315.9 55.85
Iodo
I2(s) 0 0 116.1 54.4 253.80
I2(g) 62.4 19.3 260.7 36.9 253.80
I(g) 106.8 70.2 180.8 20.8 126.90
I⫺(aq) ⫺55.2 ⫺51.6 111.3 126.90
Litio
Li(s) 0 0 29.1 24.8 6.94
Li(g) 159.3 126.6 138.8 20.8 6.94
LiH(s) ⫺90.5 ⫺68.3 20.0 27.9 7.94
LiH(g) 140.6 117.8 170.9 29.7 7.94
Li⫹(aq) ⫺278.5 ⫺293.3 13.4 6.94
Magnesio
Mg(s) 0 0 32.7 24.9 24.31
Mg(g) 147.1 112.5 148.6 20.8 24.31
MgO(s) ⫺601.6 ⫺569.3 27.0 37.2 40.31
MgSO4(s) ⫺1284.9 ⫺1170.6 91.6 96.5 120.38
MgCl2(s) ⫺641.3 ⫺591.8 89.6 71.4 95.22
(continúa)

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 APÉNDICE B Tablas de datos 535

TABLA 4.1

(Continuación)
Peso atómico
Sustancia ⌬H°f (kJ mol⫺1) ⌬G°f (kJ mol⫺1) S° (J mol⫺1 K⫺1) CP° (J mol⫺1 K⫺1) o molecular (uma)

MgCO3(s) ⫺1095.8 ⫺1012.2 65.7 75.5 84.32

2⫹
Mg (aq) ⫺466.9 ⫺454.8 ⫺138.1 24.31
Manganeso
Mn(s) 0 0 32.0 26.3 54.94
Mn(g) 280.7 238.5 173.7 20.8 54.94
MnO2(s) ⫺520.0 ⫺465.1 53.1 54.1 86.94
Mn2⫹(aq) ⫺220.8 ⫺228.1 ⫺73.6 54.94
MnO4⫺(aq) ⫺541.4 ⫺447.2 191.2 118.94
Mercurio
Hg(l) 0 0 75.9 28.0 200.59
Hg(g) 61.4 31.8 175.0 20.8 200.59
Hg2Cl2(s) ⫺265.4 ⫺210.7 191.6 101.9 472.09
Hg2⫹(aq) 170.2 164.4 ⫺36.2 401.18
2⫹
Hg2 (aq) 166.9 153.5 65.7 401.18
Níquel
Ni(s) 0 0 29.9 26.1 58.71
Ni(g) 429.7 384.5 182.2 23.4 58.71
NiCl2(s) ⫺305.3 ⫺259.0 97.7 71.7 129.62
NiO(s) ⫺239.7 ⫺211.5 38.0 44.3 74.71
NiSO4(s) ⫺872.9 ⫺759.7 92.0 138.0 154.77
Ni2⫹(aq) ⫺54.0 ⫺45.6 ⫺128.9 58.71
Nitrógeno
N2(g) 0 0 191.6 29.1 28.013
N(g) 472.7 455.5 153.3 20.8 14.007
NH3(g) ⫺45.9 ⫺16.5 192.8 35.1 17.03
NO(g) 91.3 87.6 210.8 29.9 30.01
N2O(g) 81.6 103.7 220.0 38.6 44.01
NO2(g) 33.2 51.3 240.1 37.2 46.01
NOCl(g) 51.7 66.1 261.7 44.7 65.46
N2O4(g) 11.1 99.8 304.4 79.2 92.01
N2O4(l) ⫺19.5 97.5 209.2 142.7 92.01
HNO3(l) ⫺174.1 ⫺80.7 155.6 109.9 63.01
HNO3(g) ⫺133.9 ⫺73.5 266.9 54.1 63.01
⫺
NO3 (aq) ⫺207.4 ⫺111.3 146.4 62.01
NH4⫹(aq) ⫺132.5 ⫺79.3 113.4 18.04
Oro
Au(s) 0 0 47.4 25.4 196.97
Au(g) 366.1 326.3 180.5 20.8 197.97
Oxígeno
O2(g) 0 0 205.2 29.4 31.999
O(g) 249.2 231.7 161.1 21.9 15.999
O3(g) 142.7 163.2 238.9 39.2 47.998
OH(g) 39.0 34.22 183.7 29.9 17.01
(continúa)

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536 A P É N D I C E B Tablas de datos

TABLA 4.1

(Continuación)
Peso atómico
Sustancia ⌬H°f (kJ mol⫺1) ⌬G°f (kJ mol⫺1) S° (J mol⫺1 K⫺1) CP° (J mol⫺1 K⫺1) o molecular (uma)

OH⫺(aq) ⫺230.0 ⫺157.2 ⫺10.9 17.01

Plata
Ag(s) 0 0 42.6 25.4 107.87
Ag(g) 284.9 246.0 173.0 20.8 107.87
AgCl(s) ⫺127.0 ⫺109.8 96.3 50.8 143.32
AgNO2(s) ⫺124.4 ⫺33.3 140.6 93.0 153.88
AgNO3(s) ⫺124.4 ⫺33.4 140.9 93.1 169.87
Ag2SO4(s) ⫺715.9 ⫺618.4 200.4 131.4 311.80
Ag⫹(aq) 105.6 77.1 72.7 107.87
Plomo
Pb(s) 0 0 64.8 26.4 207.19
Pb(g) 195.2 162.2 175.4 20.8 207.19
PbO2(s) ⫺277.4 ⫺217.3 68.6 64.6 239.19
PbSO4(s) ⫺920.0 ⫺813.20 148.5 103.2 303.25
Pb2⫹(aq) 0.92 ⫺24.4 18.5 207.19
Potasio
K(s) 0 0 64.7 29.6 39.10
K(g) 89.0 60.5 160.3 20.8 39.10
KCl(s) ⫺436.5 ⫺408.5 82.6 51.3 74.56
K2O(s) ⫺361.5 ⫺322.8 102.0 77.4 94.20
K2SO4(s) ⫺1437.8 ⫺1321.4 175.6 131.5 174.27
K⫹(aq) ⫺252.4 ⫺283.3 102.5 39.10
Silicio
Si(s) 0 0 18.8 20.0 28.09
Si(g) 450.0 405.5 168.0 22.3 28.09
SiCl4(l) ⫺687.0 ⫺619.8 239.7 145.3 169.70
SiO2(cuarzo) ⫺910.7 ⫺856.3 41.5 44.4 60.09
Sodio
Na(s) 0 0 51.3 28.2 22.99
Na(g) 107.5 77.0 153.7 20.8 22.99
NaCl(s) ⫺411.2 ⫺384.1 72.1 50.5 58.44
NaOH(s) ⫺425.8 ⫺379.7 64.4 59.5 40.00
Na2SO4(s) ⫺1387.1 ⫺1270.2 149.6 128.2 142.04
Na⫹(aq) ⫺240.1 ⫺261.9 59.0 22.99
Titanio
Ti(s) 0 0 30.7 25.0 47.87
Ti(g) 473.0 428.4 180.3 24.4 47.87
TiCl4(l) ⫺804.2 ⫺737.2 252.4 145.2 189.69
TiO2(s) ⫺944.0 ⫺888.8 50.6 55.0 79.88
Xenón
Xe(g) 0 0 169.7 20.8 131.30
XeF4(s) ⫺261.5 ⫺123 146 118 207.29
Fuentes: HCP, HTTD y TDPS.

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 APÉNDICE B Tablas de datos 537

TABLA 4.2
Datos termodinámicos de compuestos orgánicos seleccionados
Peso ⌬H°f ⌬H°combustión ⌬G°f S° C°P
Sustancia Fórmula molecular (kJ mol⫺1) (kJ mol⫺1) (kJ mol⫺1) (J mol⫺1 K⫺1) (J mol⫺1 K⫺1)

Acetaldehído (l) C2H4O 44.05 ⫺192.2 ⫺1166.9 ⫺127.6 160.3 89.0

Acetona (l) C3H6O 58.08 ⫺248.4 ⫺1790 ⫺155.2 199.8 126.3
Ácido acético (l) C2H4O2 60.05 ⫺484.3 ⫺874.2 ⫺389.9 159.8 124.3
Ácido benzoico (s) C7H6O2 122.13 ⫺385.2 ⫺3227 ⫺245.5 167.6 146.8
Ácido fórmico (g) CH2O2 46.03 ⫺378.7 ⫺256 ⫺351.0 248.7 45.2
Ácido fórmico (l) CH2O2 46.03 ⫺425.0 ⫺255 ⫺361.4 129.0 99.0
Ácido oxálico (g) C2H2O4 90.04 ⫺731.8 ⫺246 ⫺662.7 320.6 86.2
Benceno (g) C6H6 78.12 82.9 ⫺3268 129.7 269.2 82.4
Benceno (l) C6H6 78.12 49.1 ⫺3268 124.5 173.4 136.0
1,3-Butadieno (g) C4H6 54.09 110.0 ⫺2541 79.8
n-Butano (g) C4H10 58.13 ⫺125.7 ⫺2878 ⫺17.0 310.2 97.5
1-Buteno (g) C4H8 56.11 ⫺0.63 ⫺2718 71.1 305.7 85.7
Carbono (diamante) C 12.011 1.89 ⫺395.4 2.90 2.38 6.12
Carbono (grafito) C 12.011 0 ⫺393.5 0 5.74 8.52
Cianuro de hidrógeno (g) HCN 27.03 135.5 124.7 201.8 35.9
Cianuro de hidrógeno (l) HCN 27.03 108.9 125.0 112.8 70.6
Ciclopropano (g) C3H6 42.08 53.3 ⫺2091 104.5 237.5 55.6
Ciclohexano (l) C6H12 84.16 ⫺156.4 ⫺3920 26.8 204.5 154.9
Ciclopentano(l) C5H10 70.13 ⫺105.1 ⫺3291 38.8 204.5 128.8
Dimetil Eter (g) C2H6O 131.6 ⫺184.1 ⫺1460 ⫺112.6 266.4 64.4
Dióxido de carbono CO2 44.01 ⫺393.5 ⫺394.4 213.8 37.1
Disulfuro de carbono (g) CS2 76.14 116.9 ⫺1112 66.8 238.0 45.7
Etano (g) C2H6 30.07 ⫺84.0 ⫺1561 ⫺32.0 229.2 52.5
Etanol (l) C2H6O 46.07 ⫺277.6 ⫺1367 ⫺174.8 160.7 112.3
Etanol (g) C2H6O 46.07 ⫺234.8 ⫺1367 ⫺167.9 281.6 65.6
Eteno (g) C2H4 28.05 52.4 ⫺1411 68.4 219.3 42.9
Etino (g) C2H2 26.04 227.4 ⫺1310 209.2 200.9 44
Fenol (s) C6H6O 94.11 ⫺165.1 ⫺3054 ⫺50.2 144.0 127.4
Formaldehído (g) CH2O 30.03 ⫺108.6 ⫺571 ⫺102.5 218.8 35.4
␣-D-Glucosa (s) C6H12O6 180.16 ⫺1273.1 ⫺2805 ⫺910.6 209.2 219.2
n-Hexano (l) C6H14 86.18 ⫺198.7 ⫺4163 ⫺4.0 296.0 195.6
Metano (g) CH4 16.04 ⫺74.6 ⫺891 ⫺50.5 186.3 35.7
Metanol (g) CH4O 32.04 ⫺201.0 ⫺764 ⫺162.3 239.9 44.1
Metanol (l) CH4O 32.04 ⫺239.2 ⫺726 ⫺166.6 126.8 81.1
Monóxido de carbono CO 28.01 ⫺110.5 ⫺283.0 ⫺137.2 197.7 29.1
n-Pentano (g) C5H12 72.15 ⫺146.9 ⫺3509 ⫺8.2 349.1 120.1
Propano (g) C3H8 44.10 ⫺103.8 ⫺2219 ⫺23.4 270.3 73.6
Propeno (g) C3H6 42.08 20.0 ⫺2058 62.7 266.9 64.0
Propino (g) C3H4 40.07 184.9 ⫺2058 194.5 248.2 60.7
Piridina (l) C5H5N 79.10 100.2 ⫺2782 177.9 132.7
Sacarosa (s) C12H22O11 342.3 ⫺2226.1 ⫺5643 ⫺1544.6 360.2 424.3
Tetracloruro de cabono (g) CCl4 153.82 ⫺95.7 ⫺58.2 309.7 83.4
Tetracloruro de cabono (l) CCl4 153.82 ⫺128.2 ⫺360 ⫺62.5 214.4 133.9
Tiofeno (l) C4H4S 84.14 80.2 ⫺2829 181.2 123.8
Tolueno (g) C7H8 92.14 50.5 ⫺3910 122.3 320.8 104
Urea (s) C2H4N2O 60.06 ⫺333.1 ⫺635 ⫺197.4 104.3 92.8
Fuentes: HCP, HTTD, TDPS y TDOC.

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