L-GE-24

GUÍA DE ESTUDIO Vigente desde

22/01/14

PROFESOR.
MARTHA LUCIA VARGAS LIEVANO
ESTUDIANTE GRUPO No

PERÍODO III AREA Humanidades ASIGNATURA Lengua Extranjera GRADO 11th

1. PROPOSITO DEL AREA

Utilizar asertivamente las habilidades comunicativas de la lengua inglesa en diferentes contextos.
2. PROPÒSITO DE ASIGNATURA
Utilizar asertivamente las habilidades comunicativas de la lengua inglesa en diferentes contextos.
3. PROPÓSITO DEL PERÍODO
Utilizar las habilidades comunicativas en el entrenamiento de exámenes internacionales.
4. REJILLA DE INDICADORES DE LOGRO
AFECTIVA I COGNITIVA I EXPRESIVA I
Se interesa por utilizar los Reconoce la intencionalidad de Utiliza los condicionales mixtos en
condicionales mixtos en la condiciones 2 y 3 en el uso de los la producción de textos.
producción de textos condicionales mixtos en textos
dados.
AFECTIVA II COGNITIVA II EXPRESIVA II
Demuestra interés por Expresa situaciones cotidianas por Utiliza las habilidades
diferenciar los verbos que medio del discurso reportado. comunicativas en el entrenamiento
utilizan formas infinitivas y del de exámenes internacionales.
gerundio.
AFECTIVA III COGNITIVA III EXPRESIVA III
Evidencia interés por utilizar Produce ensayos de forma Expone diferentes situaciones
expresiones, had better, would coherente sobre textos de lectura comunicativas imaginarias o
rather y prefer en situaciones de su interés haciendo uso de los reales haciendo uso de
comunicativas. gerundios, infinitivos y aplicando condicionales, expresiones para
los condicionales mixtos y las comunicar sus deseos o
expresiones had better, would preferencias a través de las cinco
rather y prefer. tareas del mock Test de la prueba
FCE
5. CONTEXTUALIZACIÓN

WHEN DO WE USE CONDITIONALS?

To express future actions or possibilities

To express actions depending on conditions
Give advices or asking favours.

You’re so close to start a new life experience:

THE UNIVERSITY

Let’s talk about your career future and the conditions you will be
based on.

Tomado de http://www.imagui.com/a/animado-pensando-TyEa7yjzp
Actualización: (Mayo 20-2014)

1 de 10
 L-GE-24

GUÍA DE ESTUDIO Vigente desde

22/01/14

6. CONCEPTOS CLAVES
 Mixed condicional
 Gerunds and infinitives.
 Had better, would rather and prefer.
 Speaking task
 Mock test.
7. ENSEÑANZAS
7.1. ENSEÑANZA (1)
The mixed conditionals are built by basic conditional patterns that express a consequence in the present can
have a consequence with a past or future intention.
7.1.1 EJEMPLO
MIXED CONDITIONAL PATTERNS
PAST PRESENT
Examples:
If I had won the lottery, I would be rich.
But I didn't win the lottery in the past and I am not rich now.

If I had taken French in high school, I would have more job opportunities.
But I didn't take French in high school and I don't have many job opportunities.

If she had been born in the United States, she wouldn't need a visa to work here.
But she wasn't born in the United States and she does need a visa now to work here.
PAST FUTURE
Examples:
If she had signed up for the ski trip last week, she would be joining us tomorrow.
But she didn't sign up for the ski trip last week and she isn't going to join us tomorrow.

If Mark had gotten the job instead of Joe, he would be moving to Shanghai.
But Mark didn't get the job and Mark is not going to move to Shanghai.

If Darren hadn't wasted his Christmas bonus gambling in Las Vegas, he would go to Mexico with us
next month.
But Darren wasted his Christmas bonus gambling in Las Vegas and he won't go to Mexico with us next
month

PRESENT PAST
Examples:
If I were rich, I would have bought that Ferrari we saw yesterday.
But I am not currently rich and that is why I didn't buy the Ferrari yesterday.

If Sam spoke Russian, he would have translated the letter for you.
But Sam doesn't speak Russian and that is why he didn't translate the letter.

If I didn't have to work so much, I would have gone to the party last night.
But I have to work a lot and that is why I didn't go to the party last night.

PRESENT FUTURE
Examples:
If I didn't have so much vacation time, I wouldn't go with you on the cruise to Alaska next week.
But I do have a lot of vacation time and I will go on the trip next week.

If Cindy were more creative, the company would send her to New York to work on the new
advertising campaign.
But Cindy is not creative and the company won't send her to New York to work on the new campaign.

If Dan weren't so nice, he wouldn't be tutoring you in math tonight.

But Dan is nice and he is going to tutor you tonight.

FUTURE PAST
Examples:
If I weren't going on my business trip next week, I would have accepted that new assignment at work.

2 de 10
 L-GE-24

GUÍA DE ESTUDIO Vigente desde

22/01/14

But I am going to go on a business trip next week, and that is why I didn't accept that new assignment at
work.

If my parents weren't coming this weekend, I would have planned a nice trip just for the two of us to
Napa Valley.
But my parents are going to come this weekend, and that is why I didn't plan a trip for the two of us to Napa
Valley.

If Donna weren't making us a big dinner tonight, I would have suggested that we go to that nice
Italian restaurant.
But she is going to make us a big dinner tonight, and that is why I didn't suggest that we go to that nice
Italian restaurant.
FUTURE PRESENT
Examples:
If I were going to that concert tonight, I would be very excited.
But I am not going to go to that concert tonight and that is why I am not excited.

If Sandy were giving a speech tomorrow, she would be very nervous.

But Sandy is not going to give a speech tomorrow and that is why she in not nervous.

If Seb didn't come with us to the desert, everyone would be very disappointed.
But Seb will come with us to the desert and that is why everyone is so happy

7.1.2 EJERCICIOS
1. Write a list about different things that didn’t do in the past for any reason (at least 10)
2. Create all the necessary conditional sentences to express how those situations affected your near
future.
3. Write a list about different things that are arranged in your near present (at least 10).
4. Create all the necessary conditional sentences to express how those situations affected your near
future.

7.2. ENSEÑANZA (2)

The gerunds and infinitives allow constructing texts like letters, articles and tests based on tasks of the FCE
tests.
7.2.1 EJEMPLO

INFINITIVE AS SUBJECT INFINITIVE AS OBJECT

Infinitive Verb Object Infinitive (subject) Verb Object
(subject) Not everyone wants to believe US as
To joke causes a misunderstood Samuel Wilson
in the U. S, He decided to send the meat
capital letters.
Not to fight causes a lost in the war

INFINITIVE AS SUBJECT COMPLEMENT

Subject Verb Infinitive (subject or complement)
His job Is to provide Food
Samuel intention Is not to have hungry people

VERBS FOLLOWED BY INFINITIVES

Subject Verb Noun / Pronoun Infinitive
decided/ hoped / neglected to change Columbia and
They convinced / told / urged, etc population / them Jonathan Brother by UNCLE
expected / needed / wanted, etc (population / them) SAM.

Verbs Followed by an Infinitive Verbs Followed by an Object and an Infinitive

3 de 10
 L-GE-24

GUÍA DE ESTUDIO Vigente desde

22/01/14

She agreed to speak before the game. Everyone expected her to win.

agree consent have offer shoot advise choose have love remind
aim continue hesitate ought start allow command hire motivate require
appear dare hope plan stop ask dare instruct order send
arrange decide hurry prefer strive beg direct invite pay teach
ask deserve intend prepare swear bring encourage lead permit tell
attempt detest leap proceed threatenbuild expect leave persuade urge
be able dislike leave promise try buy forbid let prepare want
beg expect like propose use challenge force like promise warn
begin fail long refuse wait
care forget love remember want Note: Some of these verbs are included in the
choose get mean say wish previous list and may be used without an object.
condescend happen neglect

GERUND AS SUBJECT
Gerund Verb Object
(Subject) GERUND AS SUBJECT COMPLEMENT
Gardening Subject Verb Gerund (Subject
Involves a sacrifice
Complement)
Seeding Helps your family and the war.
Their is not growing vegetables
problem
My skill Is Listening
GERUND AS OBJECT GERUND AS OBJECT OF A PREPOSITION
Subject Verb Gerund (Object) Preposition Gerund
China loves investing USA insists on Buying China bonds
USA finished buying bonds USA is accustomed to Paying debts
USA keeps having a long debt

Verbs Followed by a Gerund Verbs Followed by a Preposition and a Gerund

They enjoyed working on the boat. We concentrated on doing well.

admit delay finish permit resist admit to depend on plan on

advise deny forbid postpone resume approve of disapprove of prevent (sb)
appreciate detest get practice risk argue about discourage from
avoid dislike through quit spend believe in from refrain from
can't help enjoy have recall (time) care about dream about succeed in
complete escape imagine report suggest complain feel like talk about
consider excuse mind resent tolerate about forget about think about
miss waste concentrate insist on worry about
(time) on object to
confess to

7.2.2 EJERCICIOS
verb patterns: -ing forms and infinitives

Underline the correct words in italics.

Have you ever considered working/to work from home?

1 I don’t know how Donna manages organising/to organise her life so efficiently.

2 I heard a lot of people shouting/shout in the street last night.

3 I regret telling/to tell my colleagues about my plans.

4 Mike suggested setting/to set up a meeting to discuss the way forward.

5 Why didn’t you stop talking/to talk to me yesterday? Didn’t you see me?

4 de 10
 L-GE-24

GUÍA DE ESTUDIO Vigente desde

22/01/14

Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verb in brackets.

I want to invite you _______ (come) to my birthday party.

I want to invite you to come to my birthday party.

1 I really don’t enjoy _______ (watch) those old Hollywood movies.

2 We hope _______ (see) you at the gym this evening.

3 Could you remind me _______ (buy) some new squash balls?

4 I can’t stand _______ (lose) because I’m very competitive.

5 Eva has promised _______ (join) me when I go jogging after work.

7.3. ENSEÑANZA (3)

Through monologues and conversations taken from listening task of FCE exam its possible report
conversations and identify different accents.
7.3.1 EJEMPLO
REPORTED STATEMENTS
After a past tense reporting verb the original verbs usually shift back one tense into the past, and the
pronouns and possessives adjectives change.
Direct speech Reported speech

Present simple Past simple

Anna said, “I am happy” Anna said (that) she was happy.

Present continuous Past continuous

Luke said, “They are listening to music”. Luke said (that) they were listening to music.

Past simple Past perfect simple

Angela said, “I saw Peter”. Angela said (that) she had seen Peter.

Past continuous Past perfect continuous

Adam said, “I was working”. Adam said (that) he had been working.

Present Perfect Simple Past Perfect Simple

They said, “We’ve seen Paul”. They said (that) they had seen Paul.

Present Perfect Continuous Past Perfect Continuous

Zoe said, “I’ve been working”. Zoe said (that) she had been working.

Past perfect simple/ continuous No change

Paul said “I didn’t go to the cinema because I had Paul said “I didn’t go to the cinema because I had
already seen the film”. already seen the film”.
Zoe said “I felt tired because I had been working Zoe said “I felt tired because I had been working
all day”. all day”.

Am/ is going to Was/were going to

Sam said, “I’m going to work harder”. Sam said (that) he was going to work harder.

Will Would
Elena said, “I will do the washing-up”. Elena said (that) she would do the washing-up.

Can/ could could

Andrea said, “I can do it” Andrea said (that) she could do it.

May Might
Peter said “I may come to the cinema with you”. Peter said he might come to the cinema with us.

Must/ have to Had to

“He said, “ I must train every day”. He said (that) he had to train every day.

Should/ could/ might/ ought to/ would No change

Robert said, “I should eat more fruit”. Robert said (that) he should eat fruit.

5 de 10
 L-GE-24

GUÍA DE ESTUDIO Vigente desde

22/01/14

We use the present simple for the reporting verb and don’t change tenses when:
 The information is still true.
Emily: “I’m hungry.”
Emily says (that) she’s hungry.

 An action was in progress in the past when something else happening.

Jhon: “I was studying when the phone rang.”
Jhon says (that) he was studying when the phone rang.

REPORTED QUESTIONS

We change tenses and expressions of time and place in reported questions in the same way as in reported
statements.
When we report direct questions, we change the word order and use if/ whether.

“Can I have a drink?” she asked.

She asked if/whether she could have a drink.

“Has he gone out?” asked Peter.

Peter asked if/whether he had gone out.

When we report wh- questions, we use the same question word and change the word order.

“Where does Sally live?” asked Michael.

Michael asked where Sally lived.

“When did he leave?” asked Jack.

Jack asked when he left.

ADVERBS OF TIME AND PLACE, DEMONSTRATIVE PRONOUNS

Direct speech Reported Speech

NOW THEN

THE (year, month , week...) BEFORE

LAST (year, month, week...)
THE PREVIOUS (year, month, week...)

THE DAY BEFORE

YESTERDAY
THE PREVIOUS DAY
THE NEXT DAY
TOMORROW
THE FOLLOWING DAY
THE (week, month, year...) AFTER
NEXT (week, month, year...)
THE FOLLOWING (week, month, year...)
THIS THAT
THAT THAT
THESE THOSE
THOSE THOSE
HERE THERE
THERE THERE
7.3.2 EJERCICIOS
FCE Listening Test 2, Part 3

Speaker 1
When I was a kid, I made friends for, what seemed like arbitrary reasons. My best friends were the kid who
lived down my street, and the boy who sat next to me in class, whose name was next to mine in the
alphabet. When I think about it, it’s strange that we remained friends for so long. But since I moved away,

6 de 10
 L-GE-24

GUÍA DE ESTUDIO Vigente desde

22/01/14

we’ve inevitably drifted apart. Their lives and mine are just so different now. It seems like I’ve moved on, but
they’re still doing the same things we did together when we were 17. Going to the same old bars, playing
computer games, you know. That stuff doesn’t interest me any more.

Speaker 2
I must say that I’ve been find it difficult making friends lately. After we’ve gone through the usual small talk –
Nice day today isn’t it, what did you do at the weekend - I can’t think of anything else to say. So going out
has seemed more like a chore than a pleasure of late. That’s why I wasn’t that bothered about going to my
school reunion. But in the end I decided to go, and I’m glad I did. As soon as I met up with my old pal
Barney, we just picked up from where we’d left off. There weren’t any social graces. Within minutes we were
teasing each other just the same as we had done ten years ago.

Speaker 3
Whenever I meet up with new people, even briefly, I always get their email address and hook up with them
online. People say it’s stupid and these aren’t real friendships. ‘A friend is someone you spend time with,
face to face’ – they say. I don’t think that’s strictly true, as people have written to penfriends for decades, and
I’m sure most people consider people friends even if they only see them once in a blue moon. I love going
online, reading people’s posts and seeing what they’ve been up to. We get into random conversations and
comment on interesting topics. I know that without the Internet, our friendships would never have withstood
the test of time.

Speaker 4
I remember reading when I was a kid in a magazine ‘Relationships come and go, but a good friendship can
last a lifetime’. At the time, I was sceptical, but over the years, my friend Hannah helped me out through so
many ups and downs of life that I came to believe it. That’s why, when she broke up with her long-standing
partner after 7 years and lost her job at the same time, I welcomed her into my flat and made sure she was
okay. Six months later, she was still there and wasn’t making any effort to contribute to the bills, not matter
how much I asked. In the end, I had to ask her to leave. It wasn’t pleasant, and we haven’t been in contact
since, sadly.

Speaker 5
I was at an anniversary dinner party not long ago, where I didn’t really know anyone except my parents. I
was on a table of young people in their late teens and early twenties, which I thought was nice. After all, I
didn’t want to hang around with my parents all night. But it soon became apparent that the oldies were
having a far better time than we were. I tried to make conversation, but everything I said seemed to fall flat.
The people on my table all had their smart phones switched on, and they spent the whole evening texting.
They barely said a word. My parents had a whale of a time and by the end of the night, they’d been invited to
three more social engagements with people they’d only just met. I came away with nothing, and felt
profoundly miserable.

Taken from http://www.examenglish.com/FCE/fce_listening3_test2.htm.

Change the monologues into reported speech.

7.4. ENSEÑANZA (4)

The expressions had better, would rather y prefer allowed interaction through speaking tasks taken from
FCE exam.
7.4.1 EJEMPLO
I WOULD RATHER OR I'D RATHER

These two expressions are also followed by an unreal past. The verb is in the past tense, but the situation is
in the present.
When we want to talk about a course of action we would prefer someone else to take, we use I'd rather +
past tense:
 I'd rather you went
 He'd rather you called the police
 I'd rather you didn't hunt elephants.

NOTE: the stress can be important in these sentences, to show what our preference is:
 I'd rather you went = not me,
 I'd rather you went = don't stay
 He'd rather you called the police = he doesn't want to
 He'd rather you called the police = not the ambulance service

7 de 10
 L-GE-24

GUÍA DE ESTUDIO Vigente desde

22/01/14

1.Had better + bare infinitive

2.Prefer + gerund/noun +to+ gerund/noun
3.Would prefer +to +infinitive +rather than +bare infinitive
4.Would rather +bare infinitive +than+ bare infinitive
5.Would rather+ Subject +Simple Past(for the present)
6.Would rather+ Subject+ Past Perfect(for the past)
7.4.2 EJERCICIOS

Supply the correct form of the verbs in brackets.

1.I’d rather you……………….(not/clean) my room without asking me.

2.You had better……………..(follow) your mother’s advice.
3.I would prefer……………….(buy) a house rather than ……………(pay) rent every month.
4.I’d rather…………….(wake) up early in the morning than……………(stay) up late.
5.She would rather he……………………(remember) to call her to cancel their appointment.
6.I’d rather you………………(not/visit) us this weekend.Mother doesn’t feel well.
7.She had better…………………(not/tell) him about her plans.He is not a reliable person.
8.He prefers…………………(raft) to………………..(hike)
9.She’d rather…………….(not/go) to the cinema tonight.
10.They would prefer……………….(have) lunch at home.
11.I’d rather my children……………….(study) more.
12.They had better……………….(leave) half an hour earlier to avoid the heavy traffic.
13.She would rather they…………………(stay) in a hotel.She didn’t like the apartment at all.
14.You had better……………….(not/believe) everything she says.
15.Jane prefers………………..(eat)out so let’s reserve a table in that new Chinese restaurant.
16.I’d rather………………(tell) you the news myself but it’s too late now.
17.You had better…………………(be) more patient with her.
18.He would prefer………………(have) more free time on weekdays.
19.Lisa would rather her mother………………..(look) after her baby.
20.You had better…………….(not/be) late tonight .Your father is very angry with you.
21.I’d rather you…………………….(not/talk) to your teacher so rudely.

Now your teacher wants to see me.

22.She has been complaining about those headaches for a long time.
She had better……………(see) a doctor.
23.I would prefer…………………..(live) in a bigger city. There is so little to do here.
24.I’d rather……………(go) by car than plane.
25.She would rather …………………(take) Friday night off.
26.They prefer……………….(swim) to…………….(sit) in the sun all day long.
27.You’d better………………..(not/buy) such an expensive car.
28.Tom would rather his sister………………(ask) him before using his computer.
29.I’d rather they………………….(be) more co-operative.They were really difficult kids.
30.You’d better ……………….(take) your umbrella with you. It’s going to rain.

7.5. ENSEÑANZA (5)

The " Mock test " of the FCE test allows to demonstrate and practice the use of the communicative skills.
7.5.1 EJEMPLO

http:// http://www.fcepracticetests.com/
Actualización: (Marzo 20-2014)

Cambridge English: First ( FCE)

Difficulty level: B2 /Upper Intermediate
The First Certificate in English is the most important of the Cambridge exams.
What is the FCE test like?

8 de 10
 L-GE-24

GUÍA DE ESTUDIO Vigente desde

22/01/14

The test has five sections:

1. Reading - 60 minutes
2. Writing - 2 essays, 80 minutes
3. Use of English - 45 minutes
4. Listening - 40 minutes
5. Speaking - interview, normally with another candidate, 15 minutes
Paper-based or computer-based exams
You can do the FCE exam on a computer or on paper.
Score
A, B, C (pass), D, E or U (fail)
FCE A grade pass is accepted for entry to some universities
Level
B2 / Upper intermediate. Click here to see a comparison of FCE scores with other exams.
Where do I take the test?
Arrange with your closest test center.
When can I take the test?
The FCE test can be taken most months in either paper-based or computer-based format. The paper-based
test can be taken in March, May, June, August and December. The computer-based test can be taken in
February, April, July, August and November. Not all test centers will administer both types of test.
How much does it cost to take FCE?
Fees are set by test centers. Expect to pay around €160 euros.
7.5.2 EJERCICIOS
1. Read the descriptions of some things you can find in a town. What is the word for each one? The
first letter is already there.

A. A large public garden in a town. P_______

B. A place where things are kept for sale. S_____
C. An organization offering financial services and safekeeping of customers’ money B________
D. An institution providing medical treatment. H_________
E. It is the way where pedestrian walks S____________

2. Write the noun for these adjectives

A. Political________________
B. Warm _________________
C. Expensive ______________
D. Soft ___________________
E. Long __________________

3. GRAMMAR

Read the sentences about going to a picnic

Choose the best word ( A, B or C) for each space.

1. Mark _________ he wanted to have a picnic

A. Decided B. wondered C. requested
2. He was _______ to invite some friends
A. inviting B. going C. calling
3. He had ______ some chicken but he forgot to take it to the picnic.
A. Prepare B. cooks C. Cooked
4. When they were in the picnic, they _____ music and _______
A. plays/listens B. danced/played C. played/danced
5. When the picnic was over, they ______ the place
A. Cleaning B. Cleaned C. organize

4. Match the beginnings (1-8) to the endings (a-h)

1. after you finish the warning-up exercises,

9 de 10
 L-GE-24

GUÍA DE ESTUDIO Vigente desde

22/01/14

2. Before you leave,

3. as soon as you get to the campsite,
4. while he was getting ready,
5. When we got to the training center
6. By the time we put our tent up,
7. We won’t leave
8. When you feel any pain or discomfort

a. give me a call on your mobile

b. it’ll have got dark
c. until you tell us you are ready
d. you can start running the course
e. you need to stop immediately
f. she was putting the equipment out
g. you need to tidy up your things
h. our instructor was waiting for us
8. RECURSOS
Para el desarrollo de las enseñanzas correspondientes al primer periodo se utilizaran los siguientes
recursos:

- Texto Guía para complementar las enseñanzas.

- Guías elaboradas por el docente para desarrollar actividades relacionadas sobre los temas.
- Diccionarios para consulta personal de vocabulario.
- Recursos audiovisuales para apoyar y contextualizar las enseñanzas dentro de la cultura inglesa.
- Internet para consultar diferentes temas y sitios Web que permitan la práctica del idioma

9. LISTA DE REFERENCIAS
Gerunds and infinitives (s.f) tomado el 20 de mayo de 2014 de
http://www.myenglishpages.com/site_php_files/grammar-exercise-future-
perfect.php#.UyXDmqh5M4U

Mixed conditionals (s.f) tomado el 20 de marzo de 2014 de

https://elt.oup.com/student/result/engupp/?cc=us&selLanguage=en

MEN (2004) Estándares básicos de competencias ciudadanas. Educación Básica y Media. Proyecto
Ministerio de Educación Nacional

10 de 10