English Literature - LITERATURA INGLESA - 8º SEMESTRE - ESCUELA LENGUAS UG

Ramón Juan Contreras Riofrío
English Literature
Languages and Linguistic school
FOLDER
OF
ENGLISH LITERATURE
Student: Ramón Contreras Riofrío
Teacher : MSc. Oscar Gayrey Atiencia
Seventh Semester
NIGHT
Course: 7 C-1
2018 – 2019
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English Literature
Universidad de Guayaquil
MISIÓN
Es un centro del saber que genera, difunde y aplica el conocimiento, habilidades y destrezas,
con valores morales éticos y cívicos, a través de la docencia, investigación y vinculación con la
colectividad, promoviendo el progreso, crecimiento y desarrollo sustentable sostenible del país,
para mejorar la calidad de vida de la sociedad
VISIÓN
Hasta el 2018, será un centro de formación superior con liderazgo y proyección nacional e
internacional, integrada al desarrollo académico, tecnológico, científico, cultural, social,
ambiental y productivo; comprometida con la innovación, el emprendimiento y el cultivo de los
valores morales, éticos y cívicos.
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Facultad de Filosofía, Letras y Ciencias de la Educación
MISIÓN
Es una unidad académica de Educación Superior, de la Universidad de Guayaquil, que tiene

como propósito fundamental la formación, mejoramiento de los recursos humanos del sistema
educativo nacional, en todos sus niveles, modalidades, especializaciones, como estudio de
pregrado y postgrado, con excelencia académica y técnica comprometidos con las necesidades
de transformación social y capacitados para generar ciencia, tecnología y arte en el campo de
la educación, Además, la formación en otros ámbitos de la ciencia y el desarrollo tecnológico. En
la formación, se consideran como elementos fundamentales: la docencia, la investigación, la
extensión universitaria y la crítica social a través de un desarrollo Inter y transdiciplinario.
VISIÓN
Se orienta a la formación integral del profesional de la educación en función del sistema

Educativo Nacional, para que contribuyan eficazmente al desarrollo del país, con sentido de
justicia social, sostenimiento de la democracia, la paz, los derechos humanos y el
fortalecimiento de la identidad nacional con el contexto pluricultural de la integración
latinoamericana como mundial con un carácter eminentemente pluralista y abierto a los
conocimientos del pensamiento universal y a los cambios socio-económicos, científicos-
tecnológicos, como a las realidades de su entorno para favorecer el perfeccionamiento
institucional y el liderazgo en los cambios paradigmáticos que necesita la educación ecuatoriana.
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Escuela De Lenguas Y Lingüística
MISIÓN
Es el Centro Superior del saber lingüístico que con valores morales, éticos y cívicos, forma
docentes en lenguas extranjeras con actitud investigadora en el manejo solvente de los
idiomas. Se vincula con la sociedad, desarrollando un proceso de aprendizaje, capacitación y
evaluación holística continua en la didáctica de los idiomas Inglés, Italiano, Francés, Alemán;
valorando el conocimiento de las lenguas extranjeras como instrumento de comunicación entre
las personas pueblos del mundo.
VISIÓN
Será el Centro de formación superior y de mayor prestigio y reconocimiento del desarrollo de

competencias Lingüísticas y comunicativas integrado a la formación ética, cultural, académica,
tecnológica y científica de sus estudiantes y egresados para que puedan responder a la
necesidad social de interactuar con una segunda y tercera lengua en contexto local, nacional,
regional o internacional. Se los prepara también, para el emprendimiento, el respeto a la
persona, a la diversidad y a la pluralidad; y para estar atentos a los cambios de entorno
continuos.
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PERFIL DEL EGRESADO
• El egresado de la Escuela de Lenguas y Lingüística, es un profesional altamente

capacitado para enseñar la didáctica de los idiomas inglés, francés, italiano y alemán,
tanto en instituciones del sector público, como del sector privado.
• Como profesional de lenguas extranjeras puede enseñar en los niveles de pre-primaria,

primaria, secundaria, y superior, con habilidad en el manejo solvente oral y escrito de las
mismas.
• Es un profesional con sólida formación ética, cultural, académica, intelectual y científica,

con respeto a la persona, a la pluralidad y a la diversidad, respondiendo así a la
necesidad social de interactuar con una segunda lengua ya sea en un contexto local,
nacional, regional o internacional.
• Promueve difunde y aplica conocimientos de los idiomas extranjeros en los diferentes

campos de la actividad profesional, laboral, turística, en el marco de una concepción
profesional, abierta, creadora y flexible.
• Realiza asesoramiento pedagógico en su área de competencia.
• Valora y respeta las diferencias raciales e interculturales, para superar las barreras que
dividen al hombre.
• Ejerce labores de estudio e investigación en el área de las lenguas extranjeras.
• Está preparado para demostrar habilidades en el campo de las innovaciones

pedagógicas, sugerencias metodológicas y propuestas, que logren una orientación
coherente y sostenida en la enseñanza de las lenguas extranjeras.
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CURRICULUM VITAE
PERSONAL INFORMATION
NAME : Ramón Juan

SURNAMES : Contreras Riofrio
BIRTHDATE : April 14, 1969
AGE : 47
CIVIL STATUS : Married
ADDRESS : Pedro Moncayo Street 2703
TELEPHONE : 042 416192 - 0982044835
C.I. # : 0911481323
EMAIL : microtech_gye@yahoo.com
APPLIED STUDIES
PRIMARY : Escuela Particular Mixta N° 230

“Juan León Mera”
HIGH SCHOOL : Colegio Nacional

“Francisco Xavier Aguirre Abad”
Bachiller en humanidades modernas, especialización Qui-Bio
TOP Universidad de Guayaquil

:
• Facultad de Filosofía, Letras y Ciencias de la Educación.
Especialización en Química y Biología
Egresado (1988-1993)
COURSES AND SEMINARS Instituto Tecnico Superior “Speedwriting”
: • Tecnico superior en Analisis de sistemas
S.E.C.A.P
• Curso manipulación de alimentos y nutrición para bares

escolares
WORK EXPERIENCES
INSTITUTION : Educational unit “Juan León Mera”

POSITION : Elementary 4th grade teacher
TIME : 9 years
INSTITUTION : Microtech, computer workshop

POSITION : Computer repair and maintenance technician
TIME : 14 years
INSTITUTION : Educational Unit "Juan León Mera"

POSITION : School Bar Manager
TIME : 12 years
PERSONAL REFERENCES
Dr. Renan Andrade Moreira Cel: 0998965123

Medic Center KaliLAB
Dr. Gino Escobar Cruz Cel: 0997195423

Odontologo
Alberto Bayas Jaramillo Cel: 0958925629

Biologo Marino
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LISTA DE ESTUDIANTES
Ramón Contreras
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INDICE
1. Portada
2. Misión - Visión de la Universidad de Guayaquil.
3. Misión - Visión de la Facultad De Filosofia, Letras Y Ciencias

De La Educación
4. Misión - Visión Escuela de Lenguas y Lingüística.
5. Curriculum Vitae
6. Objetivos de la carrera
7. Perfil del egresado
8. Horario - Lista de estudiantes
9. Syllabus
10. Contenidos
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PROGRAMA DE SEGUIMIENTO DE LA GESTIÓN CURRICULAR
Seguimiento del cumplimiento del Syllabus y sus componentes:
Para evidenciar los avances y el cumplimrierto de los requerimientos academicos este seguimiento se realizara
al fin de cada periodo (anual) y el inicio de cada periodo académico y tendra como retroalimentacian el apoyo
de los ayudantes de catedra. De la misma manera, el proceso de Ayudantias de Catedra tendra su respaido de
seguimiento en el cumplimiento de los contenidos académicos y de los procesos de practicas y
acompañamiento a los estudiantes.
INSTRUMENTO PARA SEGUIMIENTO DE SYLLABUS POR LOS ESTUDIANTES
VERIFICACIÖN
No. INDICADORES SI NO
1 Presentó el sílabo al inicio del semestre.
2 Analizó el sílabo conjuntamente con los estudiantes.
3 La presentacién del silabo es adecuada y ordenada.
4 Los datos informativos son correctos y completos.
Los resultados de aprendizaje propuestos en el sílabo
5
fueron alcanzados al final de asignatura.
El trabajo realizado en el aula permite el cumplimiento
6 de los resultados de aprendizaje que constan en el
silabo.
Se respetaron los puntajes y porcentajes de la
7
evaluación.
La evaluacién establecida en el sílabo esta acorde con
8
el Reglamento de Evaluacién Estudiantil.
Se desarrallaron los contenidos de las unidades de la UNIDAD 1 UNIDAD 2 UNIDAD 3 UNIDAD 4

9
asignatura. SI NO SI NO SI NO SI NO
Se cumplieron los trabajos auténomos planteados en
10
el silabo.
Se utilizaron las técnicas de evaluacion descritas en el
11
silabo
12 Se aplicó la metodología planteada en el silabo.
13 Se utilizaron los recursos programados en el silaba
La bibliografia basica propuesta en el sílabo existe en |
14
la Biblioteca
15 Se utilizé la bibliografia que consta en el silabo
Elaborado por: Nombre del Estudiante Revisado por: Docente/Jefe de Area Aprobador por: DIRECTOR
Nombre: Nombre: Nombre:
Firma: Firma: Firma:
Fecha: Fecha: Fecha:

Definition of literature.
(1) Writings in prose or verse especially : writings having

excellence of form or expression and expressing ideas of
permanent or universal interest.
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(2) : an example of such writings.
(3) : the body of writings on a particular subject.
(4) : the body of written works produced in a particular language, country, or age.
Difference Between the United Kingdom, Great Britain, and England
While many people use the terms United Kingdom, Great Britain, and England interchangeably, there is a
difference between them, one is a country, the second is an island, and the third is a part of an island.
The United Kingdom is an independent country off the northwestern coast of

Europe. It consists of the entire island of Great Britain and a northern part of
the island of Ireland. In fact, the official name of the country is the "United
Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland."
The capital city of the United Kingdom is London and the head of state is
currently Queen Elizabeth II. The United Kingdom is one of the founding
members of the United Nations and sits on the United Nations Security
Council.
The creation of the United Kingdom heralds back to 1801 when there was a
unification between the Kingdom of Great Britain and the Kingdom of Ireland,
creating the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. In the 1920s,
southern Ireland gained independence and the name of the modern country of
the United Kingdom became the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern
Ireland.
Great Britain is the name of the island northwest of France and east of
Ireland.
Much of the United Kingdom consists of the island of Great Britain. On the
large island of Great Britain, there are three somewhat autonomous regions:
England, Wales, and Scotland.
Great Britain is the ninth largest island on Earth and has an area of 80,823
square miles (209,331 square kilometers). England occupies the southeast
portion of the island of Great Britain, Wales is in the southwest, and Scotland is
in the north.
Scotland and Wales are not independent countries but do have some
autonomy from the United Kingdom with respect to internal governance.
England is located in the southern part of the island
of Great Britain, which is part of the country of the
United Kingdom. The United Kingdom includes the
administrative regions of England, Wales, Scotland,
and Northern Ireland. Each region varies in its level
of autonomy, but they are all part of the United
Kingdom.
While England has traditionally been thought of as

the hearth of the United Kingdom, some use the
term "England" to refer to the entire country, but this is not correct. Although common to hear or see London,
England, though that is technically correct, it does imply that the independent country is named England, but
that is not so.
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A final note on Ireland. The northern one-sixth of the island of Ireland is the
administrative region of the United Kingdom known as Northern Ireland. The
remaining southern five-sixths of the island of Ireland is the independent country
known as the Republic of Ireland (Eire).
Using the Right Term
It is inappropriate to refer to the United Kingdom as Great Britain or England; one

should be specific about toponyms (place names) and utilize the correct nomenclature. Remember, United
Kingdom (or U.K.) is the country, Great Britain is the island, and England is one of the U.K.'s four administrative
regions.
Since unification, the Union Jack flag has combined elements of England, Scotland, and Ireland to represent the
unification of constituent parts of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (although Wales is
left out).
History of English language
The history of the English language really started with

the arrival of three Germanic tribes who invaded
Britain during the 5th century AD.
These tribes, the Angles, the Saxons and the Jutes,

crossed the North Sea from what today is Denmark
and northern Germany. At that time the inhabitants of
Britain spoke a Celtic language. But most of the Celtic
speakers were pushed west and north by the invaders
- mainly into what is now Wales, Scotland and Ireland.
The Angles came from "Englaland" [sic] and their

language was called "Englisc" - from which the words
"England" and "English" are derived.
Old English (450-1100 AD)
The invading Germanic tribes spoke similar languages, which in Britain developed into what we now call Old
English. Old English did not sound or look like English today. Native English speakers now would have great
difficulty understanding Old English. Nevertheless, about half of the most commonly used words in Modern
English have Old English roots. The words be, strong and water, for example, derive from Old English. Old
English was spoken until around 1100.
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Part of Beowulf, a poem written in Old English
Middle English (1100-1500).
In 1066 William the Conqueror, the Duke of Normandy (part of modern France), invaded and conquered England.
The new conquerors (called the Normans) brought with them a kind of French, which became the language of
the Royal Court, and the ruling and business classes. For a period there was a kind of linguistic class division,
where the lower classes spoke English and the upper classes spoke French. In the 14th century English became
dominant in Britain again, but with many French words added.
This language is called Middle English. It was the language of the great poet Chaucer (c1340-1400), but it would
still be difficult for native English speakers to understand today.
An example of Middle English by Chaucer
Modern English - Early Modern English (1500-1800)
Towards the end of Middle English, a sudden and distinct change in pronunciation (the Great Vowel Shift)
started, with vowels being pronounced shorter and shorter. From the 16th century the British had contact with
many peoples from around the world.
This, and the Renaissance of Classical learning, meant that many new words and phrases entered the language.
The invention of printing also meant that there was now a common language in print. Books became cheaper
and more people learned to read. Printing also brought standardization to English. Spelling and grammar
became fixed, and the dialect of London, where most publishing houses were, became the standard. In 1604 the
first English dictionary was published.
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Lines from Hamlet, written in Early Modern English by Shakespeare
Late Modern English (1800-Present).
The main difference between Early Modern English and Late Modern English is vocabulary. Late Modern English
has many more words, arising from two principal factors: firstly, the Industrial Revolution and technology
created a need for new words; secondly, the British Empire at its height covered one quarter of the earth's
surface, and the English language adopted foreign words from many countries.
Varieties of English
From around 1600, the English colonization of North America resulted in the creation of a distinct American
variety of English. Some English pronunciations and words "froze" when they reached America. In some ways,
American English is more like the English of Shakespeare than modern British English is.
Some expressions that the British call "Americanisms" are in fact original British expressions that were
preserved in the colonies while lost for a time in Britain (for example trash for rubbish, loan as a verb instead of
lend, and fall for autumn; another example, frame-up, was re-imported into Britain through Hollywood gangster
movies). Spanish also had an influence on American English, with words like canyon, ranch, stampede and
vigilante being examples of Spanish words that entered English through the settlement of the American West.
French words (through Louisiana) and West African words (through the slave trade) also influenced American
English. Today, American English is particularly influential, due to the USA's dominance of cinema, television,
popular music, trade and technology. But there are many other varieties of English around the world, including
for example Australian English, New Zealand English, Canadian English, South African English, Indian English
and Caribbean English.
Vocabulary.
• Figurative language: uses figures of speech to be more effective, persuasive, and impactful.
Figures of speech such as metaphors, similes, and allusions go beyond the literal meanings of the words
to give readers new insights. On the other hand, alliterations, imageries, or onomatopoeias are
figurative devices that appeal to the senses of the readers.
The term figurative language covers a wide range of literary devices and techniques, a few of which
include:
▪ Simile
▪ Metaphor
▪ Personification
▪ Onomatopoeia
▪ Oxymoron
▪ Hyperbole
▪ Allusion
▪ Idiom
▪ Imagery
▪ Symbolism
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▪ Alliteration
▪ Assonance
▪ Consonance
▪ Metonymy
▪ Synecdoche
▪ Irony
▪ Sarcasm
▪ Litotes
▪ Pun
▪ Anaphora
▪ Tautology
▪ Understatement
• Aliterarion: Is when consonant sounds in two or more neighboring words or syllables are repeated. The
repeated sounds are usually the first, or initial, sounds — as in "seven sisters" — but repetition of
sounds in non-initial stressed, or accented, syllables is also common: "appear and report."
Alliteration is a common feature in poetry, but it is also found in songs and raps and speeches and other
kinds of writing, as well as in frequently used phrases, such as "pretty as a picture" and "dead as a
doornail."
• Hiperbole: extravagant exaggeration, such as "mile-high ice-cream cones"
• Personification: the attribution of human nature or character to animals, inanimate objects, or abstract
notions, especially as a rhetorical figure.
A little summary of Beowulf movie.
King Hrothgar, the ruler of the Danes, is troubled by the rampages of a demon named
Grendel.
Every night, Grendel attacks King Hrothgar's wealthy mead-hall,

Heorot, killing Danish warriors and sometimes even eating them.
Hrothgar was a great warrior, but now he's an

old king and can't seem to protect his people.
Fortunately, a young warrior named Beowulf
travels to Heorot Hall from his own lands overseas to help.
After explaining that he owes Hrothgar a favor because Hrothgar helped out his father,
Beowulf offers to fight Grendel himself. King Hrothgar gratefully accepts his offer.
The next time Grendel attacks Hrothgar Hall, Beowulf is waiting

for him. Choosing to fight Grendel in hand-to-hand combat,
Beowulf wrestles the demon into submission and eventually tears
off his arm at the shoulder. Mortally wounded, Grendel flees into
the wilderness and dies.
Beowulf, Hrothgar, and their followers throw a wild party to celebrate. Beowulf recived
many presents and treasures to reward him for his heroic defeat of the demon.
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But Grendel has an overprotective mother who decides to avenge her son. While all the
warriors are sleeping off the party, she attacks. But when the warriors wake up, she
panics and flees back to her lair, a cave underneath a nearby lake.
Beowulf descends into the cave to slay Grendel's mother. He first tries to strike her with
Hrunting, but the blade cannot hurt her.
He then spots a gigantic sword among her hoarded treasure and

uses it to cleave her throat, but her acidic blood melts all but the
sword's hilt. She entices him to stay with her, and uses her
hands to melt Hrunting.
Grendel's mother takes off her own son's head. It is the only token that Beowulf brings
back from the encounter. When Beowulf returns to the surface, carrying the sword hilt
and Grendel's severed head, the Danish warriors have given him up for dead.
Hrothgar declares Beowulf his heir to become king of Denmark, then commits suicide.
The identity of Grendel's father is unknown. The dragon that

Beowulf and Wiglaf slay is said to have guarded its treasure hoard
for 300 years before being disturbed.
It is implied that Hrothgar was Grendel's father, while Beowulf becomes the dragon's
father after his encounter with Grendel's mother.
At the end, Beowulf killed his own dragon – son, and the history
tun on again with his most faithful chaptain.
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Alliteration. and real people may stand out prominently in your

mind due to the alliterative effects of their names.
Examples are:
Ronald Reagan
Sammy Sosa
Jesse Jackson
Michael Moore
Mickey Mouse
Alliteration is derived from Latin’s “Latira”. It means Porky Pig
Lois Lane
“letters of alphabet”. Marilyn Monroe
Donald Duck
It is a stylistic device in which a number of Spongebob Squarepants
words, having the same first consonant sound,
Alliteration Examples in Literature
occur close together in a series. Examples:
Example #1
• But a better butter makes a batter better.
• A big bully beats a baby boy. From Sir Thomas Malory’s “Le Morte d'Arthur”
Both sentences are alliterative because the • “Then was the king wonderly wroth”
• “Now will we do well, said Ulfius”
same first letter of words (B) occurs close together
• “So they told to the messengers plainly”
and produces alliteration in the sentence.
Example #2
An important point to remember is,
alliteration does not depend on letters but on Geoffrey Chaucer’s “The wife of bath’s tale”
sounds. • “What thing it was that women wanted
So the phrase not knotty is alliterative, but most”.
• “Maid, wife and widow cried”
cigarette chase is not. • “Can grant me grace to live in virtue”
Caesura.
Common Examples of Alliteration
Is a rhythmical pause in a poetic line or a
In our daily life, we notice alliteration in the
sentence. It often occurs in the middle of a line, or
names of different companies. It makes the name of
sometimes at the beginning and the end. At times, it
a company catchy and easy to memorize.
occurs with punctuation; at other times it does not.
Examples.
Poets indicate such a pause with a parallel symbol
thus: ||.
Dunkin’ Donuts
PayPal
Best Buy
Coca-Cola
Life Lock
Park Place
American Apparel Caesura can be medial (occurring in the
American Airlines middle of line), initial (occurring at the beginning of
Chuckee Cheese’s
Bed Bath & Beyond poetic line), or terminal (occurring at the end of a
Krispy Kreme poetic line).
We also find alliterations in names of people, Types of Caesura

making such names prominent and easy to be
Caesural breaks, or caesura, are of two types in
remembered. For instance, both fictional characters
poetry:
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• Feminine Caesura: occurs after a non-

stressed and short syllable in a poetic line.
This is softer and less abrupt than the
masculine version. For instance:
“I hear lake water lapping || with low sounds

by the shore…” (The Lake Isle of Innisfree by
William Butler Yeats)
It has two subdivisions:
Epic Caesura
Lyric Caesura Geoffrey Chaucer’s “The wife of bath’s tale”
• Masculine Caesura: occurs after a long or • When good King Arthur ruled in ancient days
accented syllable in a line. It creates a || (A king that every Briton loves to praise) ||
staccato effect in the poem, such as: This was a land brim-full of fairy folk. || The
Elf-Queen and her courtiers joined and broke
“of reeds and stalk-crickets, || fiddling the
|| Or so was the opinion once, I read, ||
dank air, lacing his boots with vines, ||
Hundreds of years ago, in days of yore.
steering glazed beetles” (The Bounty by
Derek Walcott)
Kenning.
Examples of Caesura in Literature.
Is used as a poetic device, a two-word
Example #1
phrase that describes an object in alternative ways,
that means as a metaphor.
From Sir Thomas Malory’s “Le Morte d'Arthur” The metaphorical usage of kenning makes
• IT befell in the days of Uther Pendragon, the poetic language more vibrant, and increases
|| when he was king of all England, || and thought-provoking vocabulary.
so reigned, || that there was a mighty Characteristics of Kenning

duke in Cornwall that held war against him
A literary piece may be considered as a
long time. || And the duke was called the
kenning example if it possesses the following
Duke of Tintagil. || And so by means King
defining characteristics:
Uther sent for this duke, || charging him
to bring his wife with him, || for she was • It is used to describe an object in detail.
• The two parts of a compound word represent
called a fair lady, || and a passing wise, ||
a relationship between subjects and objects,
and her name was called Igraine.
which creates associations in an abstract
Example #2 and concise way.
• It is also called a compressed metaphor.
Example #1: The Seafarer (By Ezra Pound)
“May I for my own self song’s truth reckon,

Journey’s jargon, how I in harsh days
Hardship endured oft.
Bitter breast-cares have I abided,
Known on my keel many a care’s hold,
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And dire sea-surge, and there I oft spent. • Then foot-hot Sir Palomides came upon Sir
Tristram, as he was upon foot, to have
That he on dry land loveliest liveth,
List how I, care-wretched, on ice-cold sea, overridden him.
Deprived of my kinsmen; • Sir, said Gouvernail, she is put in a lazar-
Over the whale’s acre, would wander wide
Eager and ready, the crying lone-flyer, cote.
Whets for the whale-path the heart irresistibly.”
Example #2
The Seafarer is one of the best examples of kenning
poems. Here, “whale-path,” “whale-road,” and
“whale’s acre” refer to the ocean. “Breast-hoard”
refers to the heart.
Examples of kenning in Literature.
Example #1
Geoffrey Chaucer’s “The wife of bath’s tale”
• As thick as motes that speckle a sun-beam.

• The Elf-Queen and her courtiers joined and
broke their elfin dance on many a green
From Sir Thomas Malory’s “Le Morte d'Arthur” mead,
• I seem less fair than any lady-love.
• The name of it, said the lady, is Excalibur,
that is as much to say as Cut-steel.
Tomas Malory’s Biography. Sir Thomas Malory (14 March 1471) was an
English writer, the author or compiler of Le Morte
d'Arthur a book, originally titled The Whole Book of
King Arthur and His Noble Knights of the Round
Table.
In the books printing by William Caxton, is

written as a final colophon: "I pray you all gentlemen
and gentlewomen that readeth this book of Arthur
and his knights, from the beginning to the ending,
pray for me while I am alive, that God send me good
deliverance and when I am dead, I pray you all pray
for my soul. For this book was ended the ninth year
of the reign of King Edward the Fourth by Sir Thomas
Maleore, knight, as Jesus help him for his great
might, as he is the servant of Jesus both day and
night."
By far the likeliest candidate for the

authorship is Thomas Malory of Newbold Revel in
Warwickshire.
Oskar Sommer first proposed this

identification in his edition of Le Morte d'Arthur
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published in 1890, and George Lyman Kittredge, a before killing him. Arthur then fights the Romans
professor at Harvard, provided the evidence in 1896. when Emperor Lucius of Rome demands that Arthur
bow to him. Although the war requires several
Kittredge showed Malory as an educated
battles, Arthur and his knights win and return to
man, as some of his material "was drawn out of the
Guinevere and the other wives. Soon after,
French," which suggests that he might have been
Launcelot establishes himself as the greatest knight
from a wealthy family. as a soldier and a Member of
in all the world by his virtue, loyalty, and bravery. At
Parliament, who fought at Calais with Richard
the same time, Sir Gareth, Gawain's brother, proves
Beauchamp, Earl of Warwick. However, a biography
valiant in his adventures.
by Edward Hicks published in 1928 revealed that
Malory had been imprisoned as a thief, bandit, Tristan, who is son of King Melyodas de Lyones and
kidnapper, and rapist, which hardly seemed in the sister of King Mark of Cornwall, is then
keeping with the high chivalric standards of his book. introduced, and his adventures unfold. He kills Sir
Helen Cooper referred to his life as one that "reads Marhault to free his uncle from a debt owed to King
more like an account of exemplary thuggery than Angwyssh of Ireland, and then falls in love with
chivalry". Isolde, Angwyssh's daughter. Isolde marries Tristan's
uncle Mark, but Tristan and Isolde remain lovers.
La morte d’Arthur, brief summary.
Tristan is exiled by Mark, which means he can no
Le Morte d'Arthur tells the story of King
longer use his true identity; thus, he fights as The
Arthur and his Knights at the Round Table.
Knight with the Black Shield. Tristan duels and beats
many of Arthur's knights, but is eventually thrown in
prison and becomes ill. He escapes and eventually
meets and fights Launcelot in a duel predicted by
Merlin. They become the best of friends.
Launcelot, who is in love with and completely loyal

to Guinevere, rides one day in search of adventure.
He kills a dragon, sees the Grail, and is tricked into
lying with Pellas' daughter Elayne, with whom he has
Arthur, who is son of King Uther Pendragon a son, Galahad. Guinevere, upon hearing of the
but was raised by another family, takes his rightful affair, has Launcelot banished from court; Launcelot
place as king when, as a boy, he is able to pull the then wanders from place to place in his grief. Elayne,
sword called Excalibur from the stone. Although he through her father, heals Launcelot through the
rules wisely and is counseled by Merlin the magician, Grail, and he eventually returns joyously to Camelot
Arthur makes enemies of other kings and is often at and the Round Table.
war. Launcelot introduces his son, Galahad, to the court,
When Arthur marries Genevere, her father and Galahad takes the Sege Perilous, the seat at the
gives Arthur the Round Table, at which 150 men can Round Table that no knight has been worthy enough
sit. Genevere, who is often present at the convening to fill. Galahad also draws the sword from the
of the Round Table, acts as a moral compass for the floating stone, establishing him as the best knight in
knights, rewarding knights who behave well and the world, but also accepting the sword's curse —
chastising those who choose poorly. that it will later cause a grievous wound.
Malory specifically relates the stories of Sir
Most of the knights then set out separately on Grail
Gawain, Sir Tor, and Sir Pellanor as a means of
Quest. During the Quest, Launcelot, Percival, and
introducing the concept of chivalry.
Bors experience deep religious conversion, while
Arthur is nearly betrayed by his sister Ector and Gawain are told by a hermit that they are
Morgan le Fay, but he is helped by Nineve, a not pure enough to achieve the Grail Quest.
sorceress who learned her magic powers from Merlin Galahad, Percival, and Bors meet up and continue
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English Literature
the Grail Quest, but they are briefly parted.

Launcelot and Galahad continue to the Grail at
Castle Corbenic, where Launcelot is shown to be
unworthy of the Quest. When Sir Evelake dies after
his embrace with Galahad, Galahad is identified as
the knight who will achieve the Grail Quest. Galahad
is made a king who dies shortly thereafter, while
Percival becomes a hermit. Bors returns to King
Arthur's court.
Launcelot also returns to the court and continues his

love for Guinevere. After a series of trials, Guinevere
is convinced of Launcelot's love for her. Although
Arthur knows of the affair and overlooks it, he is
prompted by Aggravain and Mordred (Arthur's son
by Lot's wife) to take action; Guinevere is sentenced
to be burned at the stake. Launcelot rescues her and
Geoffrey Chaucer was a great English writer
takes her to his castle, Joyous Gard, but in the battle,
of the 14th century. Chaucer was born between 1340
Launcelot kills Gareth and Gaheris, who are at the
and 1343 but we don't know the exact date. His
execution but are unarmed. Launcelot returns
father was a wine merchant in London. Little is know
Guinevere to Arthur, but Launcelot is banished,
about the early life of Geoffrey Chaucer. He was first
along with his followers. Gawain swears vengeance
recorded in the year 1357 when he was employed by
for the death of his brothers and insists that Arthur
Elizabeth, Countess of Ulster. Chaucer joined the
attack Launcelot. Arthur agrees, but while Arthur and
campaign in France in 1359 and he was captured. (In
Gawain are away, Mordred makes himself King of
those days it was normal to capture high ranking
England, claims Guinevere as his wife, and attacks
people on the battlefield and charge a ransom for
Arthur's army. Gawain is mortally wounded and
them.) At some point afterwards Chaucer joined the
warns Arthur in a dream not to continue the battle.
king's service. He traveled abroad several times
Through a misunderstanding, however, the battle
including visits to Italy in 1373 and 1378.
continues; Arthur kills Mordred but is mortally
wounded by him, as Merlin has prophesied. By 1366 Geoffrey Chaucer was married to a
woman named Philippa. The couple had two sons.
Launcelot and Guinevere both die of illness soon
They probably also had one or two daughters but the
after, and Constantine becomes king. The Round
exact number of children they had is not known.
Table is disbursed.
In 1374 Chaucer was made a customs official
Geoffrey Chaucer’s Biography. in London. The same year he was granted a gallon of
wine daily although in 1378 it was changed to a
money payment. Also in 1374 Chaucer was given a
home over Aldgate in London, rent free. However in
1386 he moved to Kent. That same year Chaucer
was elected an member of parliament for Kent.
Meanwhile his reputation as a poet was

growing. Sometime in the 1380s Chaucer wrote the
poem Troilus and Criseyde. He also wrote The
Legend of Good Women. However Geoffrey Chaucer
is most famous for his work, The Canterbury Tales.
They are a series of tales told by a group of pilgrims
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English Literature
on their way to Canterbury. (In the Middle Ages After a year, the knight returns to King
people believed their sins would be forgiven if they Arthur's court with a heavy heart, no closer to
went on journeys called pilgrimages). However knowing what women most desire. On the way, he
Chaucer also wrote a technical book called Treatise comes across a ring of 24 fairy ladies dancing. The
on the Astrolabe. (An astrolabe was an instrument fairies quickly disappear, only to be replaced by an
used in astronomy). ugly old hag. Upon learning of his quest, the hag
agrees to tell the knight what women most desire if
Meanwhile Chaucer held other posts. From
he promises to grant her anything she desires. The
1389 to 1391 he was clerk of the king's works,
knight agrees.
responsible for overseeing royal building projects.
Then in 1391 Chaucer became Deputy Forester in The hag tells the knight what women most
the royal forest of Petherton Park in North Petherton desire – to have sovereignty over their husbands and
in Somerset. Finally in 1394 the king granted him a lovers. The queen and all the ladies assemble agree
pension of 20 pounds a year (a considerable amount that he is correct. As the court is adjourning, the hag
of money in those days). petitions the queen to force the knight to fulfill his
promise to her: she wants the knight to marry her.
Geoffrey Chaucer died in 1400. (The
Despite the knight's reluctance, the queen insists
traditional date of his death is 25 October). The
that he must do so, and the knight and hag are
cause of his death is unknown. Chaucer was buried
married.
in Westminster Abbey.
On their wedding knight, the knight doesn't
The wife of bath tale , brief summary.
want to consummate the marriage. The hag asks
what ails him, and he tells her that she is so ugly,
old, and low-class that it's no wonder he does not
desire her. This prompts a long speech from the hag
on the true origins of gentility, and the advantages
of poverty and old age. The hag concludes her
speech by offering the knight a choice: either he can
have her old and ugly, but a good and faithful wife,
or he can have her young and beautiful, but with no
guarantee of these other good qualities. The knight
turns the decision over to his wife, asking her to
make the choice.
Once the hag has confirmed that her

husband has yielded sovereignty to her, she tells
him that she will be both: young and beautiful, and a
In a land populated by fairies and elves, in
faithful, good wife to him. The knight takes his
the days of King Arthur, a young knight rapes a
young, beautiful wife in his arms and they live
maiden he sees walking from the river one day. For
happily ever after. The wife is not only faithful and
his offense, Queen Guinevere and her ladies rule
good, but also obedient to her husband for the rest
that his punishment is to find out within one year
of their lives together.
what women most desire, or else he'll be beheaded.
The knight departs on his quest to find the The Wife concludes her story by praying
answer to this question, but despite questioning Jesus to send women marry husbands who are
women all over the land and receiving numerous humble and young and good in bed. And let us
answers, he cannot find two women who agree on women be fortunate enough to outlive our husbands
what women most desire. too. She also calls down a curse on husbands who
refuse to be ruled by their wives.
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English Literature
Page # 23

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Ramón Juan Contreras Riofrío

Languages and Linguistic school

Student: Ramón Contreras Riofrío

Teacher : MSc. Oscar Gayrey Atiencia

Facultad de Filosofía, Letras y Ciencias de la Educación

Es una unidad académica de Educación Superior, de la Universidad de Guayaquil, que tiene

Se orienta a la formación integral del profesional de la educación en función del sistema

Escuela De Lenguas Y Lingüística

Será el Centro de formación superior y de mayor prestigio y reconocimiento del desarrollo de

PERFIL DEL EGRESADO

• El egresado de la Escuela de Lenguas y Lingüística, es un profesional altamente

• Como profesional de lenguas extranjeras puede enseñar en los niveles de pre-primaria,

• Es un profesional con sólida formación ética, cultural, académica, intelectual y científica,

• Promueve difunde y aplica conocimientos de los idiomas extranjeros en los diferentes

• Realiza asesoramiento pedagógico en su área de competencia.

• Ejerce labores de estudio e investigación en el área de las lenguas extranjeras.

• Está preparado para demostrar habilidades en el campo de las innovaciones

NAME : Ramón Juan

PRIMARY : Escuela Particular Mixta N° 230

HIGH SCHOOL : Colegio Nacional

TOP Universidad de Guayaquil

COURSES AND SEMINARS Instituto Tecnico Superior “Speedwriting”

: • Tecnico superior en Analisis de sistemas

• Curso manipulación de alimentos y nutrición para bares

INSTITUTION : Educational unit “Juan León Mera”

INSTITUTION : Microtech, computer workshop

INSTITUTION : Educational Unit "Juan León Mera"

Dr. Renan Andrade Moreira Cel: 0998965123

Dr. Gino Escobar Cruz Cel: 0997195423

Alberto Bayas Jaramillo Cel: 0958925629

2. Misión - Visión de la Universidad de Guayaquil.

3. Misión - Visión de la Facultad De Filosofia, Letras Y Ciencias

4. Misión - Visión Escuela de Lenguas y Lingüística.

7. Perfil del egresado

8. Horario - Lista de estudiantes

PROGRAMA DE SEGUIMIENTO DE LA GESTIÓN CURRICULAR

Seguimiento del cumplimiento del Syllabus y sus componentes:

INSTRUMENTO PARA SEGUIMIENTO DE SYLLABUS POR LOS ESTUDIANTES

Se desarrallaron los contenidos de las unidades de la UNIDAD 1 UNIDAD 2 UNIDAD 3 UNIDAD 4

Nombre: Nombre: Nombre:

Firma: Firma: Firma:

Fecha: Fecha: Fecha:

(1) Writings in prose or verse especially : writings having

(2) : an example of such writings.

(3) : the body of writings on a particular subject.

Difference Between the United Kingdom, Great Britain, and England

The United Kingdom is an independent country off the northwestern coast of

While England has traditionally been thought of as

Using the Right Term

It is inappropriate to refer to the United Kingdom as Great Britain or England; one

History of English language

The history of the English language really started with

These tribes, the Angles, the Saxons and the Jutes,

The Angles came from "Englaland" [sic] and their

Old English (450-1100 AD)

Part of Beowulf, a poem written in Old English

Middle English (1100-1500).

An example of Middle English by Chaucer

Modern English - Early Modern English (1500-1800)

Lines from Hamlet, written in Early Modern English by Shakespeare

Late Modern English (1800-Present).

• Hiperbole: extravagant exaggeration, such as "mile-high ice-cream cones"

A little summary of Beowulf movie.

Every night, Grendel attacks King Hrothgar's wealthy mead-hall,