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Claudia-Lorena Barreto-Mahecha
Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia
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PRESENTADO POR:
Las ladrilleras han sido directamente las causantes de que los focos
contaminantes superen los límites que se establece en la norma nacional en
Colombia de la calidad de aire. Estas ladrilleras generan un 56% de
contaminación en Sogamoso lo que ha llevado a un aumento y aparición de
enfermedades relacionadas con problemas respiratorios para los habitantes de
este sector.
OBJETIVOS GENERAL
OBJETIVOS ESPECÍFICOS
Las caleras de los hornos y las minas que se explotan como fase preliminar para
producir los ladrillos, son factores significativos que han aumentado las
emisiones a la atmosfera (PD de Sogamoso 2012 - 2015). Los datos de la
contaminación atmosférica, son registrados por estaciones de monitoreo
instaladas por la autoridad ambiental competente (Corpoboyacá), la estación “El
Recreo” hasta la fecha, como única estación en el municipio, ha permitido hacer
seguimiento a los contaminantes atmosféricos, sin embargo una estación no es
suficiente para monitorear la calidad del aire en todo el valle de Sogamoso
(Alvarado, 2014).
PALABRAS CLAVES:
-Sogamoso
-Contaminación
-Control de aire
-Hornos
-Municipio
-Medio ambiente
-Habitantes
ABSTRACT
The artisanal production of bricks in Sogamoso is an activity that has passed from
generation to generation for more than 100 years and that has arrived to be, next
to the commerce, the main economic activity for the municipality (Alvarado,
2014). Such transcendence in this activity, has generated that Sogamoso is
recognized at the national level due to the great development of its steel sector,
this reason the regional entities, have been setting a goal to confort the brick
production sector, based on the strengths of it activity. Thus, emphasis is placed
on the importance of brick kilns the economic and territorial development of the
municipality (Pavo, 2007). Currently, 403 brick kilns, composite kilns are
registered in the municipality by lime kilns located in small areas, known as
chircales handicrafts (PD Sogamoso, 2012-2015). Considering the high activity
handicraft industry in Sogamoso, the processes of brick kilns are presenting a
considerable contribution to pollution. The lime kilns of the kilns and mines that
are exploited as a preliminary phase to produce the bricks, are significant factors
that have increased the emissions to the atmosphere (PD Sogamoso 2012 -
2015). The data of the atmospheric pollution, are recorded by monitoring stations
installed by the competent environmental authority (Corpoboyacá), the station "El
Recreo" to date, as the only station in the municipality, has allowed monitor
atmospheric pollutants, however one station is not enough to monitor the air
quality throughout the valley Sogamoso (Alvarado, 2014).
The problem that is generating the artisanal brick activity, also is deriving in
different socio-environmental aspects, from its relevance in both: ecological, 19
generating erosive processes and the endemic fauna and flora of the area
(Martínez and Díaz, 2007), as in urban areas, taking into account the high
generation of diseases and Respiratory infections in the population surrounding
the chircales (Secretariat de Salud de Sogamoso, 2012). With the above, two
opposite sides are shown, since on the one hand there is the economic
importance and the importance that this activity has given economic development
of the municipality, and on the other hand there are multiple environmental
impacts that bring the processes to Sogamoso territory. Is by this that establishes
that there is a strong incidence of brick activity on the territory in Sogamoso,
taking into account the aforementioned data, evidence that occupation triggers
different effects on factors of the territory. From this, the importance of measuring
the mentioned effects, in order to define them as impacts and thus know their
relationship direct importance with the territorial system of Sogamoso (Uribe and
Lady, 2009).
Therefore, the challenge is to help the potters, or as they are know "chircaleros",
make their activity profitable, without hurting and affecting the environment of the
municipality, thus allowing a territorial development friendly to the environment
and for the inhabitants of the municipality. That being the case, it is like it shows
the presence of a competent problem to the geographical knowledge, due to the
existence of a conflict related to human actions towards the use of natural
resources, where it intervenes, with the structure, physical, social and human
processes of the territorial system.
KEYWORDS
-Sogamoso
-Contaminación
-Control de aire
-Hornos
-Municipio
-Medio ambiente
-Habitantes
SOLUCIONES A LA PROBLEMÁTICA
ENTES GUBERNAMENTALES
CorpoBoyaca: (2014) Se expide una resolución que implicaba cerrar los hornos
que no tuvieran licencias o que presentaros los más altos índices de
contaminación, la solución era implementar nuevas tecnologías y chimeneas
más altas que ayudaran a reducir la contaminación
Ministerio de Ambiente y Desarrollo Sostenible: Políticas para que se trabaje de
forma legal en actividades relacionadas con la alfarería.
RECOMENDACIONES
Se pudo concluir que mitigar este problema ambiental ha sido uno de los
principales objetivos que plantean las entes de control de seguridad ambiental ,
donde se intenta acabar o disminuir los altos estándares de contaminación del
aire generado por estos hornos artesanales , areneras y ladrilleras ubicados en
el municipio , a través de alternativas tecnológicas como la implementación de
hornos industriales , programas de manejo adecuado de los residuos sólidos y a
su vez concientizando a la población para lograr disminuir los índices de
contaminación .
REFERENCIAS BIBLIOGRÁFICAS.
http://www.eltiempo.com/archivo/documento/MAM-939438
https://repository.unimilitar.edu.co/bitstream/10654/7573/3/TRABAJO%20FINA
L%20seminario%20de%20investigaci%C3%B3n.pdf
https://www.google.com.co/search?ei=w50pW77YMevs5gK6458Y&q=contamin
acion+en+sogamoso&oq=CONTAMINACION+EN+SO&gs_l=psy-
ab.3.0.0l9j0i22i3