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𝒒 𝒒𝒙 𝒅𝑻
( ) = = −𝒌 ∙ . . . (1)
𝑨 𝒙 𝑨 𝒅𝒙
𝐽
𝑞: 𝐹𝑙𝑢𝑗𝑜 𝑑𝑒 𝐶𝑎𝑙𝑜𝑟 [𝑠] 𝑜 [𝑊]
𝒒𝒙
∙ (𝑥1 − 𝑥0 ) = −𝑘 ∙ (𝑇2 − 𝑇1 )
𝑨
(𝒙𝟏 − 𝒙𝟎 )
𝑹= . . . (𝟐)
𝑨∙𝒌
𝑅: 𝑅𝑒𝑠𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑖𝑎 [𝐾/𝑊]
(𝒙𝟏 − 𝒙𝟎 ) 𝑻𝟏 − 𝑻𝟐
𝑻𝟏 − 𝑻𝟐 = ( ) ∙ 𝒒𝒙 = (𝑹) ∙ 𝒒𝒙 ∴ 𝒒𝒙 = . . . (𝟑)
𝑨∙𝒌 𝑹
Sí 𝑘 ≠ 𝑓(𝑇) y 𝐴 ≠ 𝑓(𝑥);
𝒒𝒙 𝑥 𝑇
∙ ∫𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = −𝑘 ∙ ∫𝑇 𝑑𝑇
𝑨 0 1
𝒒𝒙
∙ (𝑥 − 𝑥0 ) = −𝑘 ∙ (𝑇2 − 𝑇1 )
𝑨
𝒙𝟎 ∙ 𝒒𝒙 + 𝑨 ∙ 𝒌 ∙ 𝑻𝟏 𝒒𝒙
𝑻=( )−( ) ∙ 𝒙 . . . (𝟒)
𝑨∙𝒌 𝑨∙𝒌
𝒌
𝜶= . . . (𝟓)
̂𝒑
𝝆∙𝑪
𝒒𝒙 𝒅𝑻
̂𝒑 ∙ 𝜶
= −𝝆 ∙ 𝑪 . . . (𝟔)
𝑨 𝒅𝒙
𝒒𝒙 = 𝑨 ∙ 𝒉 ∙ (𝑻𝒄 − 𝑻𝒎 ) . . . (𝟕)
𝒒𝒙 = 𝑨 ∙ 𝒉𝟏 ∙ (𝑻∞𝟏 − 𝑻𝟏 ) . . . (𝟕)
𝟏
𝑹𝟏 = . . . (𝟖)
𝑨 ∙ 𝒉𝟏
𝟏
𝑻∞𝟏 − 𝑻𝟏 = ( ) ∙ 𝒒𝒙 = (𝑹𝟏 ) ∙ 𝒒𝒙 . . . (𝟗)
𝑨 ∙ 𝒉𝟏
𝒒𝒙 𝒅𝑻
= −𝒌𝒊 ∙ . . . (𝟏𝟎)
𝑨 𝒅𝒙
Sí 𝑘𝑖 ≠ 𝑓(𝑇) y 𝐴 ≠ 𝑓(𝑥);
𝒒𝒙 𝑥 𝑇
∙ ∫𝑥 1 𝑑𝑥 = −𝑘𝑖 ∙ ∫𝑇 2 𝑑𝑇
𝑨 0 1
𝒒𝒙
∙ (𝑥1 − 𝑥0 ) = −𝑘𝑖 ∙ (𝑇2 − 𝑇1 )
𝑨
(𝒙𝟏 − 𝒙𝟎 )
𝑹𝟐 = . . . (𝟏𝟏)
𝑨∙𝒌
(𝒙𝟏 − 𝒙𝟎 ) 𝑻𝟏 − 𝑻𝟐
𝑻𝟏 − 𝑻𝟐 = ( ) ∙ 𝒒𝒙 = (𝑹𝟐 ) ∙ 𝒒𝒙 ∴ 𝒒𝒙 = . . . (𝟏𝟐)
𝑨 ∙ 𝒌𝒊 𝑹𝟐
𝟏
𝑹𝟑 = . . . (𝟏𝟒)
𝑨 ∙ 𝒉𝟎
𝟏
𝑻𝟐 − 𝑻∞𝟐 = ( ) ∙ 𝒒𝒙 = (𝑹𝟑 ) ∙ 𝒒𝒙 . . . (𝟏𝟓)
𝑨 ∙ 𝒉𝟎
(𝑥1 −𝑥0 )
1111111111111111𝑇1 − 𝑇2 = ( 𝐴∙𝑘𝑖
) ∙ 𝑞𝑥 = (𝑅2 ) ∙ 𝑞𝑥
1
1111131111111111𝑇2 − 𝑇∞2 = (𝐴∙ℎ ) ∙ 𝑞𝑥 = (𝑅3 ) ∙ 𝑞𝑥 1111111111
0
𝟏 (𝒙𝟏 −𝒙𝟎 ) 𝟏
𝑻∞𝟏 −𝑻∞𝟐 = 𝒒𝒙 ∙ [(𝑨∙𝒉 ) + ( ) + (𝑨∙𝒉 )] = 𝒒𝒙 ∙ (𝑹𝟏 + 𝑹𝟐 + 𝑹𝟑 )
𝟏 𝑨∙𝒌𝒊 𝟎
𝑻∞𝟏 −𝑻∞𝟐
𝒒𝒙 = . . . (1𝟕)
𝟏 𝟏
[( ) + ∑𝒏𝒊(𝑹𝒊 ) + ( )]
𝑨 ∙ 𝒉𝟏 𝑨 ∙ 𝒉𝟎
𝑨(𝒓) = 𝟐𝝅 ∙ 𝒓 ∙ 𝑳 . . . (𝟏𝟖)
𝟏 𝟏
𝑹𝟏 = = . . . (𝟐𝟎)
𝑨(𝒓) ∙ 𝒉𝟏 𝟐𝝅 ∙ 𝒓𝟏 ∙ 𝑳 ∙ 𝒉𝟏
𝟏 𝟏
𝑻∞𝟏 − 𝑻𝟏 = ( ) ∙ 𝒒𝒙 = ( ) ∙ 𝒒𝒙 = (𝑹𝟏 ) ∙ 𝒒𝒙 . . . (𝟐𝟏)
𝑨(𝒓) ∙ 𝒉𝟏 𝟐𝝅 ∙ 𝒓𝟏 ∙ 𝑳 ∙ 𝒉𝟏
𝒒𝒙 𝒅𝑻
= −𝒌𝒊 ∙ . . . (𝟐𝟐)
𝑨(𝒓) 𝒅𝒓
Sí 𝑘𝑖 ≠ 𝑓(𝑇):
𝑞𝑥 𝑟 1 𝑇
∙ ∫𝑟 2 (𝑟 ) ∙ 𝑑𝑟 = −𝑘𝑖 ∙ ∫𝑇 2 𝑑𝑇
2𝜋∙𝐿∙ 1 1
ln(𝑟2 ⁄𝑟1 )
( ) ∙ 𝑞𝑥 = −𝑘1 ∙ (𝑇2 − 𝑇1 )
2𝜋∙𝐿
𝐥𝐧(𝒓𝟐 ⁄𝒓𝟏 )
𝑹𝟐 = . . . (𝟐𝟑)
𝟐𝝅 ∙ 𝑳 ∙ 𝒌𝟏
𝐥𝐧(𝒓𝟐 ⁄𝒓𝟏 ) 𝑻𝟏 − 𝑻𝟐
𝑻𝟏 − 𝑻𝟐 = ( ) ∙ 𝒒𝒙 = (𝑹𝟐 ) ∙ 𝒒𝒙 ∴ 𝒒𝒙 = . . . (𝟐𝟒)
𝟐𝝅 ∙ 𝑳 ∙ 𝒌𝟏 𝑹𝟐
𝐥𝐧(𝒓𝟑 ⁄𝒓𝟐 ) 𝑻𝟐 − 𝑻𝟑
𝑻𝟐 − 𝑻𝟑 = ( ) ∙ 𝒒𝒙 = (𝑹𝟑 ) ∙ 𝒒𝒙 ∴ 𝒒𝒙 = . . . (𝟐𝟓)
𝟐𝝅 ∙ 𝑳 ∙ 𝒌𝟐 𝑹𝟑
𝐥𝐧(𝒓𝟒 ⁄𝒓𝟑 ) 𝑻𝟑 − 𝑻𝟒
𝑻𝟑 − 𝑻𝟒 = ( ) ∙ 𝒒𝒙 = (𝑹𝟒 ) ∙ 𝒒𝒙 ∴ 𝒒𝒙 = . . . (𝟐𝟔)
𝟐𝝅 ∙ 𝑳 ∙ 𝒌𝟑 𝑹𝟒
Análisis en la Capa Límite Exterior mediante la Ley de enfriamiento
de Newton:
𝟏 𝟏
𝑹𝟓 = = . . . (𝟐𝟖)
𝑨(𝒓) ∙ 𝒉𝟐 𝟐𝝅 ∙ 𝒓𝟒 ∙ 𝑳 ∙ 𝒉𝟐
𝟏 𝟏
𝑻𝟒 −𝑻∞𝟐 = ( ) ∙ 𝒒𝒙 = ( ) ∙ 𝒒𝒙 = (𝑹𝟓 ) ∙ 𝒒𝒙 . . . (𝟐𝟗)
𝑨(𝒓) ∙ 𝒉𝟐 𝟐𝝅 ∙ 𝒓𝟒 ∙ 𝑳 ∙ 𝒉𝟐
Resolviendo el sistema Sistema 5x5:
1
1111111111111111𝑇∞1 − 𝑇1 = ( ) ∙ 𝑞𝑥 = (𝑅1 ) ∙ 𝑞𝑥
2𝜋∙𝑟1 ∙𝐿∙ℎ1
2 1 ln(𝑟 ⁄𝑟 )
1111111111111111𝑇1 − 𝑇2 = ( 2𝜋∙𝐿∙𝑘 ) ∙ 𝑞𝑥 = (𝑅2 ) ∙ 𝑞𝑥
1
3 2 ln(𝑟 ⁄𝑟 )
1111111111111111𝑇2 − 𝑇3 = ( 2𝜋∙𝐿∙𝑘 ) ∙ 𝑞𝑥 = (𝑅4 ) ∙ 𝑞𝑥
2
4 3 ln(𝑟 ⁄𝑟 )
1111111111111111𝑇3 − 𝑇4 = ( 2𝜋∙𝐿∙𝑘 ) ∙ 𝑞𝑥 = (𝑅4 ) ∙ 𝑞𝑥
3
1
1111111111111111𝑇4 −𝑇∞2 = (2𝜋∙𝑟 ) ∙ 𝑞𝑥 = (𝑅5 ) ∙ 𝑞𝑥 11111111111111111
4 ∙𝐿∙ℎ2
𝑻∞𝟏 −𝑻∞𝟐
𝒒𝒙 = . . . (𝟑𝟎)
𝟏 𝐥𝐧(𝒓𝟐 ⁄𝒓𝟏 ) 𝐥𝐧(𝒓𝟑 ⁄𝒓𝟐 ) 𝐥𝐧(𝒓𝟒 ⁄𝒓𝟑 ) 𝟏
[( )+( )+( )+( )+( )]
𝟐𝝅 ∙ 𝒓𝟏 ∙ 𝑳 ∙ 𝒉𝟏 𝟐𝝅 ∙ 𝑳 ∙ 𝒌𝟏 𝟐𝝅 ∙ 𝑳 ∙ 𝒌𝟐 𝟐𝝅 ∙ 𝑳 ∙ 𝒌𝟑 𝟐𝝅 ∙ 𝒓𝟒 ∙ 𝑳 ∙ 𝒉𝟐
FORMA ESFÉRICA:
Para un Área Cilíndrica lateral:
𝑨(𝒓) = 𝟒𝝅 ∙ 𝒓𝟐 . . . (3𝟏)
𝟏 𝟏
𝑹𝟏 = = . . . (𝟑𝟑)
𝑨(𝒓) ∙ 𝒉𝟏 𝟒𝝅 ∙ 𝒓𝟏 𝟐 ∙ 𝒉𝟏
𝟏 𝟏
𝑻∞𝟏 − 𝑻𝟏 = ( ) ∙ 𝒒𝒙 = ( ) ∙ 𝒒𝒙 = (𝑹𝟏 ) ∙ 𝒒𝒙 . . . (𝟑𝟒)
𝑨(𝒓) ∙ 𝒉𝟏 𝟒𝝅 ∙ 𝒓𝟏 𝟐 ∙ 𝒉𝟏
𝒒𝒙 𝒅𝑻
= −𝒌𝒊 ∙ . . . (𝟑𝟓)
𝑨(𝒓) 𝒅𝒓
Sí 𝑘𝑖 ≠ 𝑓(𝑇):
𝑞𝑥 𝑟 1 𝑇
∙ ∫𝑟 2 ( 2 ) ∙ 𝑑𝑟 = −𝑘𝑖 ∙ ∫𝑇 2 𝑑𝑇
4𝜋 1 𝑟 1
(𝑟2 −1 −𝑟1 −1 )
−( ) ∙ 𝑞𝑥 = −𝑘1 ∙ (𝑇2 − 𝑇1 )
4𝜋
(𝒓𝟐 −𝟏 − 𝒓𝟏 −𝟏 )
𝑹𝟐 = − . . . (𝟑𝟔)
𝟒𝝅 ∙ 𝒌𝟏
(𝒓𝟐 −𝟏 − 𝒓𝟏 −𝟏 ) 𝑻𝟏 − 𝑻𝟐
𝑻𝟏 − 𝑻𝟐 = − ( ) ∙ 𝒒𝒙 = (𝑹𝟐 ) ∙ 𝒒𝒙 ∴ 𝒒𝒙 = . . . (𝟑𝟕)
𝟒𝝅 ∙ 𝒌𝟏 𝑹𝟐
(𝒓𝟑 −𝟏 − 𝒓𝟐 −𝟏 ) 𝑻𝟐 − 𝑻𝟑
𝑻𝟐 − 𝑻𝟑 = − ( ) ∙ 𝒒𝒙 = (𝑹𝟑 ) ∙ 𝒒𝒙 ∴ 𝒒𝒙 = . . . (𝟑𝟖)
𝟒𝝅 ∙ 𝒌𝟐 𝑹𝟑
(𝒓𝟒 −𝟏 − 𝒓𝟑 −𝟏 ) 𝑻𝟑 − 𝑻𝟒
𝑻𝟑 − 𝑻𝟒 = − ( ) ∙ 𝒒𝒙 = (𝑹𝟒 ) ∙ 𝒒𝒙 ∴ 𝒒𝒙 = . . . (𝟑𝟗)
𝟒𝝅 ∙ 𝒌𝟑 𝑹𝟒
Análisis en la Capa Límite Exterior mediante la Ley de enfriamiento
de Newton:
𝟏 𝟏
𝑹𝟓 = = . . . (𝟒𝟏)
𝑨(𝒓) ∙ 𝒉𝟐 𝟒𝝅 ∙ 𝒓𝟒 𝟐 ∙ 𝒉𝟐
𝟏 𝟏
𝑻𝟒 −𝑻∞𝟐 = ( ) ∙ 𝒒𝒙 = ( ) ∙ 𝒒𝒙 = (𝑹𝟓 ) ∙ 𝒒𝒙 . . . (𝟒𝟐)
𝑨(𝒓) ∙ 𝒉𝟐 𝟒𝝅 ∙ 𝒓𝟒 𝟐 ∙ 𝒉𝟐
(𝑟2 −1 −𝑟1 −1 )
1111111111122211111𝑇1 − 𝑇2 = − ( ) ∙ 𝑞𝑥 = (𝑅2 ) ∙ 𝑞𝑥
4𝜋∙𝑘1
(𝑟3 −1 −𝑟2 −1 )
1111111111111222111𝑇2 − 𝑇3 = − ( ) ∙ 𝑞𝑥 = (𝑅4 ) ∙ 𝑞𝑥
4𝜋∙𝑘2
(𝑟4 −1 −𝑟3 −1 )
1111111111111111111𝑇3 − 𝑇4 = − ( ) ∙ 𝑞𝑥 = (𝑅4 ) ∙ 𝑞𝑥
4𝜋∙𝑘3
1
1111111111111111111𝑇4 −𝑇∞2 = (4𝜋∙𝑟 2 ∙ℎ
) ∙ 𝑞𝑥 = (𝑅5 ) ∙ 𝑞𝑥 14441111111111111111
4 2
𝑻∞𝟏 −𝑻∞𝟐
𝒒𝒙 = −𝟏 −𝟏 )
. . . (𝟒𝟑)
𝟏 (𝒓 − 𝒓𝟏 (𝒓𝟑 −𝟏 − 𝒓𝟐 −𝟏 ) (𝒓𝟒 −𝟏 − 𝒓𝟑 −𝟏 ) 𝟏
[( )−( 𝟐 )−( )−( )+ ( )]
𝟐
𝟒𝝅 ∙ 𝒓𝟏 ∙ 𝒉𝟏 𝟒𝝅 ∙ 𝒌𝟏 𝟒𝝅 ∙ 𝒌𝟐 𝟒𝝅 ∙ 𝒌𝟑 𝟒𝝅 ∙ 𝒓𝟒 𝟐 ∙ 𝒉𝟐
TRANSFERENCIA DE CALOR CON RESISTENCIAS EN PARALELO:
𝒒𝒙 = 𝒒𝑩 + 𝒒𝑪 . . . (𝟒𝟒)
𝐿 𝐿
𝑅𝐵 = ; 𝑅𝐶 = . . . (𝟒𝟓)
𝐴 ∙ 𝑘𝐵 𝐴 ∙ 𝑘𝐶
𝑱𝑨 𝑱𝑨,𝒙 𝒅𝑪𝑨
( ) = = −𝓓𝑨𝑩 ∙ . . . (𝟒𝟖)
𝑨 𝒙 𝑨 𝒅𝒙
𝐽𝐴,𝑥
∙ (𝑥1 − 𝑥0 ) = −𝒟𝐴𝐵 ∙ ((𝐶𝐴 )2 − (𝐶𝐴 )1 )
𝐴
(𝒙𝟏 − 𝒙𝟎 )
𝑹= . . . (𝟒𝟗)
𝑨 ∙ 𝓓𝑨𝑩
(𝒙𝟏 − 𝒙𝟎 ) (𝑪𝑨 )𝟏 − (𝑪𝑨 )𝟐
(𝑪𝑨 )𝟏 − (𝑪𝑨 )𝟐 = ( ) ∙ 𝑱𝑨,𝒙 = (𝑹) ∙ 𝑱𝑨,𝒙 ∴ 𝑱𝑨,𝒙 = . . . (𝟓𝟎)
𝑨 ∙ 𝓓𝑨𝑩 𝑹
𝐽𝐴,𝑥
∙ (𝑥 − 𝑥0 ) = −𝒟𝐴𝐵 ∙ (𝐶𝐴 − (𝐶𝐴 )1 )
𝐴
𝒏𝑨 𝑷𝑨 𝑷𝑻 ∙ 𝒀𝑨
𝑪𝑨 = = = . . . (𝟓𝟒)
𝑽 𝑹∙𝑻 𝑹𝑻
𝑱𝑨,𝒙 𝒅𝑪𝑨
= −𝓓𝑨𝑩 ∙ . . . (𝟓𝟓)
𝑨 𝒅𝒙
𝑹∙𝑻 𝑹∙𝑻
𝑹′ = ∙ (𝒙𝟏 − 𝒙𝟎 ) = ∙ (𝒙𝟏 − 𝒙𝟎 ) . . . (𝟓𝟔)
𝑨 ∙ 𝓓𝑨𝑩 𝑨 ∙ 𝑷𝑻 ∙ 𝓓𝑨𝑩
𝑭𝒙 𝒅𝑼𝒙
( ) = 𝝉𝒚𝒙 = −𝝁 ∙ . . . (𝟓𝟗)
𝑨 𝒚 𝒅𝒚
Sí 𝜇 ≠ 𝑓(𝑈𝑥 ) y 𝐴 ≠ 𝑓(𝑥);
𝑥 (𝑈 )
𝜏𝑦𝑥 ∙ ∫𝑥 1 𝑑𝑥 = −𝜇 ∙ ∫(𝑈 𝑥) 2 𝑑𝑈𝑥
0 𝑥 1
Sí 𝜇 ≠ 𝑓(𝑈𝑥 ) y 𝐴 ≠ 𝑓(𝑥);
𝑥 𝑈
𝜏𝑦𝑥 ∙ ∫𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = −𝜇 ∙ ∫(𝑈𝑥 ) 𝑑𝑈𝑥
0 𝑥 1
𝜏𝑦𝑥 ∙ (𝑥 − 𝑥0 ) = −𝜇 ∙ (𝑈𝑥 − (𝑈𝑥 )1 )
𝑭𝒙 𝒅𝑼𝒙
( ) = 𝝉𝒚𝒙 = −𝝆 ∙ 𝝂 ∙ . . . (𝟔𝟐)
𝑨 𝒚 𝒅𝒚
𝑭𝒙 𝒅𝑼𝒙 𝒅𝑼𝒙
𝒈𝒄 ∙ ( ) = 𝒈𝒄 ∙ 𝝉𝒚𝒙 = −𝝁 ∙ = −𝝆 ∙ 𝝂 ∙ . . . (𝟔𝟑)
𝑨 𝒚 𝒅𝒚 𝒅𝒚
ÁREA VARIABLE:
PENDIENTE POSITIVA:
𝒚𝟐 − 𝒚 𝟏
𝒚 = 𝒚𝟏 + ( ) ∙ 𝒙 . . . (𝟔𝟒)
𝒙𝟐 − 𝒙 𝟏
ÁREA DE UN CUADRADO:
𝒂𝟐 − 𝒂𝟏
𝒂 = 𝟐 ∙ 𝒂𝟏 + 𝟐 ∙ ( ) ∙ 𝒙 . . . (𝟔𝟓)
𝒙𝟐 − 𝒙𝟏
𝒂𝟐 − 𝒂𝟏 𝟐
𝟐
𝑨(𝒙) = 𝒂 = [𝟐 ∙ 𝒂𝟏 + 𝟐 ∙ ( ) ∙ 𝒙] . . . (𝟔𝟔)
𝒙𝟐 − 𝒙𝟏
√𝟑 𝟐 √𝟑 𝒂𝟐 − 𝒂𝟏 𝟐
𝑨(𝒙) = ∙𝒂 = ∙ [𝟐 ∙ 𝒂𝟏 + 𝟐 ∙ ( ) ∙ 𝒙] . . . (𝟔𝟖)
𝟒 𝟒 𝒙𝟐 − 𝒙𝟏
AREA DE UN CÍRCULO:
𝒓𝟐 − 𝒓 𝟏
𝒓 = 𝒓𝟏 + ( ) ∙ 𝒙 . . . (𝟔𝟗)
𝒙𝟐 − 𝒙 𝟏
𝒓 𝟐 − 𝒓𝟏 𝟐
𝑨(𝒙) = 𝝅𝒓𝟐 = 𝝅 [𝒓𝟏 + ( ) ∙ 𝒙] . . . (𝟕𝟎)
𝒙 𝟐 − 𝒙𝟏
𝑅∙𝑇
𝑙= . . . (𝟕𝟏)
𝜋 ∙ √2 ∙ 𝑁𝐴 ∙ 𝑃 ∙ 𝜎 ∗ 2
𝑃: 𝑃𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑖ó𝑛 [𝑃𝑎]
𝜎 ∗ : 𝐷í𝑎𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑟𝑜 𝑀𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑟 [𝑚]
DIFUSIDAD:
𝑃: 𝑃𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑖ó𝑛 [𝑃𝑎]
𝑀𝑖 : 𝑀𝑎𝑠𝑎 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑟 𝑝𝑜𝑟 𝐶𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑜𝑛𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑒 [𝑘𝑚𝑜𝑙]𝑜 [𝑘𝑔 − 𝑚𝑜𝑙]
℘𝑨,𝑩 : 𝐷𝑖𝑓𝑢𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑎𝑑 [𝑚2 /𝑠]
VISCOSIDAD:
𝟐 √𝑴 ∙ 𝒌𝑩 ∙ 𝑻 𝟓. 𝟕𝟗 ∙ 𝟏𝟎−𝟐𝟓 ∙ √𝑴 ∙ 𝑻
𝝁= ∙ ≈ . . . (𝟕𝟒)
𝟑 ∙ 𝝅𝟑⁄𝟐 𝝈∗ 𝟐 𝝈∗ 𝟐
𝟏 𝒌𝑩 𝟑 ∙ 𝑻
𝒌 = ∗𝟐 ∙ √ . . . (𝟕𝟓)
𝝈 𝝅𝟑 ∙ 𝑴
𝜺𝑨,𝑩 𝜺𝑨 𝜺𝑩
=√ ∙ . . . (𝟕𝟔)
𝒌𝑩 𝒌𝑩 𝒌𝑩
𝜺𝑨,𝑩 −𝟏
𝛀℘𝑨,𝑩 = 𝒇 (( ) ∙ 𝑻) . . . (𝟕𝟕)
𝒌𝑩
𝟏 𝟏
√𝑻𝟑 ∙ ( +𝑴 )
𝑴 𝑨 𝑩
℘𝑨,𝑩 = 𝟏. 𝟖𝟓𝟖𝟑 ∙ 𝟏𝟎−𝟕 ∙ . . . (𝟕𝟖)
𝝈𝑨 + 𝝈𝑩 𝟐
𝑷 ∙ ( 𝟐 ) ∙ 𝛀℘𝑨,𝑩
𝑃: 𝑃𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑖ó𝑛 [𝑎𝑡𝑚]
𝜺 −𝟏
𝛀𝒌 = 𝒇 (( ) ∙ 𝑻) . . . (𝟕𝟗)
𝒌𝑩
√𝑻
𝑴
𝒌 = 𝟎. 𝟖𝟑𝟐𝟐 ∙ 𝟐 . . . (𝟖𝟎)
𝝈 ∙ 𝛀𝒌
𝜺 −𝟏
𝛀𝝁 = 𝒇 (( ) ∙ 𝑻) . . . (𝟖𝟏)
𝒌𝑩
√𝑴 ∙ 𝑻
𝝁 = 𝟐. 𝟔𝟔𝟗𝟑 ∙ 𝟏𝟎−𝟔 ∙ . . . (𝟖𝟐)
𝝈𝟐 ∙ 𝛀 𝝁
−𝟏⁄𝟐 𝟏⁄𝟐 𝟐
𝟏 𝑴𝒊 𝝁𝒊 𝑴𝒋 𝟏⁄𝟒
𝚽𝒊,𝒋 = ∙ (𝟏 + ) ∙ [𝟏 + ( ) ∙( ) ] . . . (𝟖𝟑)
√𝟖 𝑴𝒋 𝝁𝒋 𝑴𝒊
2
1 𝑀1 −1⁄2 𝜇1 1⁄2 𝑀3 1⁄4
Φ1,3 = ∙ (1 + 𝑀 ) ∙ [1 + (𝜇 ) ∙ (𝑀 ) ]
√8 3 3 1
2
1 𝑀3 −1⁄2 𝜇3 1⁄2 𝑀1 1⁄4
Φ3,1 = ∙ (1 + 𝑀 ) ∙ [1 + (𝜇 ) ∙ (𝑀 ) ]
√8 1 1 3
2
1 𝑀3 −1⁄2 𝜇3 1⁄2 𝑀2 1⁄4
Φ3,2 = ∙ (1 + 𝑀 ) ∙ [1 + (𝜇 ) ∙ (𝑀 ) ]
√8 2 2 3
VISCOSIDAD:
𝒏
𝒀𝒊 ∙ 𝝁𝒊
𝝁𝑴𝑰𝑿 = ∑ ( 𝒏
) . . . (𝟖𝟒)
∑𝒋=𝟏(𝒀𝒋 ∙ 𝚽𝒊,𝒋 )
𝒊=𝟏
CONDUCTIVIDAD TÉRMICA:
𝒏
𝒀𝒊 ∙ 𝒌𝒊
𝒌𝑴𝑰𝑿 = ∑ ( 𝒏 ) . . . (𝟖𝟓)
∑𝒋=𝟏(𝒀𝒋 ∙ 𝚽𝒊,𝒋 )
𝒊=𝟏
𝑻 𝑷 𝑽
𝑻𝒓 = ; 𝑷𝒓 = ; 𝑽𝒓 = . . . (𝟖𝟔)
𝑻𝑪 𝑷𝑪 𝑽𝑪
𝑃𝐶 : 𝑃𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑖ó𝑛 [𝑎𝑡𝑚]
𝜇𝐶 : 𝑉𝑖𝑠𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑎𝑑 [𝜇𝑃]
𝑉̂𝐶 : 𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒𝑛 𝐶𝑟í𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑜 [𝑐𝑚3 /𝑚𝑜𝑙]
𝑀: 𝑀𝑎𝑠𝑎 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑟 [𝑚𝑜𝑙]𝑜 [𝑔 − 𝑚𝑜𝑙]
𝑃𝐶 : 𝑃𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑖ó𝑛 [𝑎𝑡𝑚]
CONDUCTIVIDAD TÉRMICA:
𝒌
𝒌𝒓 = . . . (𝟖𝟗)
𝒌𝑪
𝑷𝑷𝑪 = ∑(𝒀𝒊 ∙ 𝑷𝑪𝒊 ) ; 𝑻𝑷𝑪 = ∑(𝒀𝒊 ∙ 𝑻𝑪𝒊 ) ; 𝝁𝑷𝑪 = ∑(𝒀𝒊 ∙ 𝝁𝑪𝒊 ) ; 𝒌𝑷𝑪 = ∑(𝒀𝒊 ∙ 𝒌𝑪𝒊 ) . . . (𝟗𝟎)
𝒊=𝟏 𝒊=𝟏 𝒊=𝟏 𝒊=𝟏
𝑻 𝑷 𝝁 𝒌
𝑻𝒓 = ; 𝑷𝒓 = ; 𝝁𝒓 = ; 𝒌𝒓 = . . . (𝟗𝟏)
𝑻𝑷𝑪 𝑷𝑷𝑪 𝝁𝑪 𝒌𝑷𝑪
PARA LÍQUIDOS:
ECUACIÓN DE EYRING PARA LA VISCOSIDAD (PARA LÍQUIDOS NO POLARES):
∆𝑼𝑽𝒂𝒑.
𝑵𝑨 (𝟎.𝟒𝟎𝟖∙
𝑹∙𝑻
)
𝝁= ∙𝒉∙𝒆 . . . (𝟗𝟐)
̂
𝑽
𝑵𝑨 𝑻
(𝟑.𝟖∙ 𝒃 )
𝝁= ∙𝒉∙𝒆 𝑻 . . . (𝟗𝟑)
̂
𝑽
𝐶𝑝 𝜕𝑃
𝑉𝑆 = √ ∙ ( )
𝐶𝑣 𝜕𝜌 𝑇
𝜕𝑃 𝐾𝑇 𝐶𝑝
( ) = ; ≈1
𝜕𝜌 𝑇 𝜌 𝐶𝑣
𝑲𝑻
𝑽𝑺 = √ . . . (𝟗𝟒)
𝝆
⁄
𝑵𝑨 𝟐 𝟑
𝒌 = 𝟐. 𝟖 ∙ ( ) ∙ 𝒌𝑩 ∙ 𝑽𝑺 . . . (𝟗𝟓)
𝑽̂
𝒌𝑩 ∙ 𝑻
℘𝑨,𝑩 = . . . (𝟗𝟔)
𝟔 ∙ 𝝅 ∙ 𝝁 𝑩 ∙ 𝒓𝑨
𝜑𝐵 : 𝑃𝑎𝑟á𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑟𝑜 𝑑𝑒 𝐴𝑠𝑜𝑐𝑖𝑎𝑐𝑖ó𝑛; 2 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑎 𝑒𝑙 𝑎𝑔𝑢𝑎, 1.9 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑎 𝑒𝑙 𝑀𝑒𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑜𝑙, 1.5 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑎 𝐸𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑜𝑙
𝑦 1 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑎 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑣𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑠 𝑛𝑜 𝑎𝑠𝑜𝑐𝑖𝑎𝑑𝑜𝑠
𝜇: 𝑉𝑖𝑠𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑎𝑑 𝑑𝑒 𝑙𝑎 𝑆𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑐𝑖ó𝑛 [𝑁 ∙ 𝑠/𝑚2 ] 𝑜 [𝑃𝑎 ∙ 𝑠] 𝑜 [𝑘𝑔/𝑚 ∙ 𝑠]
𝑉̂𝑏,𝐴 : 𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒𝑛 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑎𝑟 𝑑𝑒 𝑙𝑎 𝑒𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑐𝑖𝑒 𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑠𝑒 𝐷𝑖𝑓𝑢𝑛𝑑𝑒 𝑒𝑛 𝑠𝑢 𝑝𝑢𝑛𝑡𝑜 𝑑𝑒 𝐸𝑏𝑢𝑙𝑙𝑖𝑐𝑖ó𝑛 𝑛𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑎𝑙 [[𝑚3 /𝑘𝑚𝑜𝑙]]