LIBRO INTENSIVO DE INGLÉS

Método básico bilingüe inglés- español

 Autor: Rosalba Dariluma Lujano Rodríguez .

INDICE

1. CURSO BÁSICO.
2. Estructura del curso
3. Presentación.
1. Expresiones Comunes
2. Saludos: Formal e Informal
Despedidas: Formal e Informal.
Expresiones de disculpa.
4.4. El Alfabeto.
1.4.1. Artículos determinado e indeterminado (a, an, the). Los
pronombres personales y conjugación del verbo to be. Presente y
pasado.
1.4.2. Las profesiones.
1.4.3. Pronombres: Posesivos, Objetivos, Interrogativos.
1.4.5. Días de la semana, meses del año, números (ordinales y
cardinales), la hora.
1.5. Sustantivos contables y no contables (How many / How much/
few/a few/a lot of/ lot of/ a little/little).
1.5.2. Existencia de cosas (There is/ There are).
1.5.3. Preposiciones (in, on, at…..)
1.6. Descripción de personas, lugares, y cosas.
1.6.1. Descripción de Ropas y colores.
1.6.2. El verbo to have.
1.6.3. Adjetivos y sustantivos. Conceptos y funciones .
1.7. Tiempo presente simple (Auxiliar): Do/Does (reglas para la 3 a
persona del singular: s-es-ies).
1.7.1. Oraciones en presente simple, interrogativas y negativas.
1.7.2. Oraciones en Presente Continuo o progresivo (to be+ing).
1.8. Tiempo pasado simple (auxiliar): Did.
1.8.1 Oraciones Interrogativas, negativas con respuestas largas y
cortas.
1.9. Términos de Glosario.
1.10 Lista de verbos.
1.11. Referencias Bibliográficas.
ESTRUCTURA DEL CURSO

CONTENIDO HORAS

UNIDAD

Saludos. Los artículos. . Los 10

1. pronombres personales.
Expresiones comunes.

2. 20
Verbo To Be en presente.
Funciones del verbo to be
12
3.. Verbo To Be en pasado.

Las profesiones. Pronombres 12

4 posesivos, y los pronombres
interrogativos.
5. Los números. Los números 12
ordinales
Sustantivos contables y no 18
6. contables

Las preposiciones 12
7.

8. Descripción de lugares y
personas 26

9. El verbo To Have.
16

10. El Presente continuo. El auxiliar

Do y Does. Verbo auxiliar Did 32
(pasado simple )
 INGLÉS BÁSICO

1. Greetings/ Saludos

Good afternoon pupils I’m (name) your English teacher.

Welcome to my class
Let me introduce myself and hope that you introduce me:
What’s your name?: (cuál es su nombre?).
What are you studying? (qué esta estudiando?)
How do you do?
Where are you from? Iam from Venezuela, and you?
GREET SOMEONE

To ask To respond
Hi Hi
Hello Hello
 How are you? Very well, thank you.
Fine thanks and you?
Great.
To say Goodbye To respond
later
Bye.
Soon.

See you Tomorrow.

Next week. Goodbye.

Next month.
Till next week. Ok.
Next year.

Week
All right.
Goodbye. Monday.
Bye Month.

Year.

Repuestas:
Iam very glad to meet you. (estoy muy contento de conocerle).
2. Expresiones comunes:
Bless you (salud en caso de que alquién estornude, bendición)
May I Introduce myself? (Puedo presentarme).
Iam at your disposal (estoy a su disposición).
Where’s the Drugstore? (dónde esta la farmacia?).
I’m lost (estoy perdido).
Kisses for the kids (besos a los niños).
Thanks for everything (gracias por todo).
Excuse me, I’m in a hurry (disculpame, estoy apurado).
Can I go to the bathroom or toilette? Please (puedo ir al baño? por
favor).
Where’s the bathroom or toilette? (dónde esta el baño), [en
algunos países de habla inglesa al baño se le dice toilette].
Of course (por supuesto).
What a pity ! (qué lástima!).
You are wrong. (Esta equivocado/ Usted esta equivocado)
I think that … (Yo creo que :..).
When you like, as you like (cuando quieras, como quieras).
It doesn’t matter ( no importa).
At the same time (al mismo tiempo).
See you later (hasta luego).
You are welcome (de nada).
Nice to meet you (gusto en conocerte).
I don’t understand (no entiendo)
What do you say? (qué dices?).
Could you speak slower? (podría hablar más despacio).
Leave me alone (dejame solo)
I need a doctor (necesito un doctor).
I need your help (necesita su ayuda).
 Can I use you phone? (puedo usar su teléfono?)
What’s your telephone number? (cuál es su número de teléfono?).
Preguntas de uso frecuente que conllevan respuestas
formales:
How are you? Cómo esta Usted ?
How are things? Cómo están las cosas?
What is new? ( qué hay de nuevo?).
Respuesta Formal:
Iam all right thank you and you? (yo estoy bien gracias, y usted).
Iam very well, thank you (yo estoy muy bien gracias).
A. Meeting at the Hospital (dialogue)
Manuel: Hello! Good evening.
Carola: Hello! Good evening. Excuse me, Who are you?
Manuel: I’m Manuel Salinas.. I’m The doctor in this Hospital.
Carola: How do you do? My name is Mrs. Carola Sánchez. I’m a nurse
here, too.
Manuel: How do you do?
Carola: Pleased to meet you.
Manuel: See you tomorrow.
Carola: Goodbye. Till tomorrow.
B. My new classmate (dialogue).
Eleonora: Hello! Federica.
Federica: Oh! Hello.
Eleonora: How are you.
Federica. Fine, how are you?
Eleonora: Very well, thanks .
Federica. Hi, are you my new classmate?
Eleonora: Yes, Iam. My name’s Eleonora Guzmán.
Federica: I’m Federica Román. I study 8th grade.
Eleonora: Welcome to the High School
Federica: Thanks.
Ejercicio:
In groups of three, write a formal and an informal dialogue and
practice them.
Respuesta Informal:
Iam o.k (estoy bien).
So so ( así así / más o menos).
I’m all right (la contracción del verbo le da informalidad al saludo).
1.3.1 Despedidas formal e informal:
Come back soon ( regresa pronto)
1.3.2. Expresiones de disculpa:
I am sorry/ I’m sorry (lo lamento, se dice para disculparse).
Excuse me, please (disculpe por favor, se suele decir cuando se va
a interrumpir algo como una conversación).
Apologize (le pido disculpa, es formal).
Please accept my apology (por favor acepte mis disculpas).
Will you forgive me (me disculparía usted).
APOLOGIZE

To ask To respond

Sorry That’s O.K.

I beg you pardon. (Please) don’t worry.

Excuse me. Dont’ worry that’s all right.

I understand.

I’m sorry Cant’ go. That’s all right.

but I Cant’ help you. I understand.
Cant’ do that.
Dont’ know

1.4.El Alfabeto:
A (ei), B (bi), C (si), D (di), E(i), F (ef), G (yi), H (eich), I (ai), J (yei), K
(kei), L (el), M (em), N (en), O (ou), P (pi), Q (kiu), R (ar), S (es), T (ti),
U (iu), V (vi), W (dabliu), X (eks), Y (uai), Z (zii).
Ejercicios:
Spell your name to your classmates.
1.4.1. Los Artículos determinados e indeterminados:
Artículos determinados: The: el, la, los, las. Se usa tanto para el
singular como el plural y para todos los géneros.
Ejemplos: The table is big (la mesa es grande). The boy (el
muchacho) the girl (la muchacha), the tree (el árbol), the boys (los
muchachos), the girls (las muchachas), the trees (los árboles).
Artículos Indeterminados: a, an. Se usan solo en singular.
El artículo a se usa antes de una palabra que comience con
consonante: a man (un hombre), a table (una mesa), a university
(una universidad).
El artículo an se usa antes de una palabra que comience con
vocal o de la consonate h que es muda: an apple (una manzana),
an hour.
También los artículos a o an se usan ante un nombre contable: a
dog (un perro), an old man (un anciano).
Con nombres de profesionales: he is a teacher (el es un maestro).
Con determinadas expresiones numéricas: a hundred (un cien), a
dozen (una docena).
No se usa:
Ante nombre propios de personas, países, ciudades, calles: Mary,
England, London, Street [Bolivar Street].
Antes los tratamientos: Mr., Mrs., Miss., el señor, la señora, la
señorita.
1.4.2 Los Pronombres Personales:
Singular:
I Yo
You Tu
He El
She Ella
It Ello
Plural:
You Ustedes/vosotros
We Nosotros
 They Ellos
Verbo To Be:
Todo lo que nos rodea Es o Esta, por consiguiente unas de las
primeras cosa que debe aprender el estudiante de la lengua
inglesa es la conjugación del verbo TO BE que traducido al
español es SER O ESTAR.
Singular:
Iam Yo soy o estoy
You are Usted es o esta
He is El es o esta
She is Ella es o esta
It is Ello es o esta
Plural
We are Nosotros somos o estamos
You are Ustedes son o están /vosotros sois o estaís
They are ellos son o están
Funciones del verbo to be:
a. Sirve de nexo entre dos nombres: the cat is an animal (el gato es
un animal)
b. Sirve de nexo entre dos verbos: to love is to live (amar es vivir).
c. Sirve de nexo entre un nombre y un adjetivo: the child is good (el
niño es bueno)
d. Sirve de nexo entre un verbo y un adjetivo: to eat is necessary
(comer es necesario).
Forma de contracción:
Singular: I’m; you’re; he’s. she’s It’s.
Plural: You’re, We’re; They’re.
Preguntas y respuesta Positiva Completa:
Are you Nurse? Yes, Iam
Am I Rosalba? Yes, I am
Is he good friend? Yes, he is
Is she your sister? Yes, she is
Are they in Japan? Yes, they are.
Are we happy? Yes, we are
Preguntas y respuestas negativas:
Are you David? No, Iam not
Is he good friend? No he is not.
Preguntas y respuestas negativas con contracción
Is she your sister? No, he isn’t
Are we happy? No, we aren’t
Are they in Japan? No they aren’t
Ejercicios:
Ejemplo: He’s Javier
1. I’m ______
You’re ______
She’s ________
He’s _________
They’re ________
We’re__________
2. Yo soy un caballero. I am a gentleman
Usted está en los cielos. __________in heaven
Usted esta contento. _________glad.
El es optimista. _______optimist
Ella es linda. ________pretty
Es tarde. ________late.
Ellos son hermanos. ________brothers
Nosotros somos vecinos. ________neighbor
Ustedes/vosotros /son fuertes. ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ________strong
3. Construya 5 oraciones utilizando el verbo To Be en presente.
Realice preguntas y respuestas tanto negativas como positivas,
de forma completa y con contracción del verbo.
Ejemplo: The mother is tired.
Is the mother tired? No, she is not / no, she isn’t
Is the mother tired? Yes she is / Yes, the mother is tired.
Verbo To be en pasado: was/were.
Conjugaciòn:
SINGULAR PLURAL

I Was We Were

You Were You Were

He was They Were

She was

It was

Preguntas y respuestas:
 She was at home last night. Was she at home last night?
(respuesta completa) No, she was not /(con contracción) , she
wasn’t.
There was a robbery last night
(Fragmento tomado del libro Vistas 2. An Interactive Course in
English, pag 38).
● Detective: Spike, there was a robbery at United Bank last
night.
● Spike: So
● Detective: So, Where were you at 10 o’clock?
● Spike: I was home.
● Detective: Who were you with?
● Spike: Nobody. I was alone.
● Detective: Were you and your wife together last night?
● Spike: No, Belle wasn’t
● Spike: No, Belle wasn’t there. She was out.
● Detective: Out? At 10 o’clock at night?
● Spike: Yeah. She and a friend were at Butler’s. There was a
big sale a lot of things were very cheap. Anyway the store was
open until midnight. And that’s when she got home.
Ejercicios:
Lea detenidamente el diálogo y exprese con sus propias palabras
lo que entendió del mismo.
Was o were? Seleccione la opción correcta dentro del paréntesis:

Ejemplo: There (was/were) a robbery at United Bank last night.

The detective asked, “ So where (was/were) you at 10 o’clock?”
Spike (was/were) at home at 10 o’clock.
Belle and her friend (was/were) at Butler’s.
There (was/were) a big sale.
A lot of things (was/were) very cheap
The store (was/were) open until midnight.
Spike (was/were) alone.
Ponga en el espacio en blanco la forma correcta del pasado del
verbo to be was/were.
He _______sick.
Carlos ______closed the car.
We ________tired.
I _______absent from school yesterday.
They ________in the Party last week.
She ________satisfied with him.
Las Profesiones:
Teacher (maestra), Petroleum Engineer (Ingeniero Petrolero), Taxi
driver (taxista), Bookkeeper (bibliotecaria), Walter (mesonero)
Architect (arquitecto), Doctor (doctor), Carpenter (carpintero), Nurse
(enfermera), Secretary (secretaria), Photographer (fotógrafo),
Mechanic (mecánico).
1.4.3. Los Pronombres: Posesivos, Interrogativos.
Los pronombres posesivos pueden ser de dos formas:
1. Son usados con nombres que califican exactamente como los
adjetivos serían empleados.
Pronouns Possesive adjectives Possesive pronouns
I my mine.
You your yours
he his his
she her hers
It Its ____
We Our ours
You Your yours
They Their theirs.

My Work is difficult. Mi trabajo es difícil.

Where are our book? Donde están nuestros libros?
2. Los siguientes mine, ours, ours, yours, etc, nunca son usados con
nombres, son usados solos representando los posesivos y los
nombres a los cuales se refiere:
Mine: el mio, la mia, los mios, las mias.
Yours: el tuyo, de usted, la tuya, los tuyos, las
Where are ours? Dónde están los nuestros?
A friend of mine. Un amigo mio.
These Children of ours. Estos niños nuestros.
Ejercicio:
Underline the correct Word.
1. Are these books yours/your?
2. No, they’re not. They are their/theirs books.
1. Is this your/yours hat?.
2. No. It’s her/ hers hat.
1. Are these toys your/tours?
 2. No, they’re theirs/theirs toys.
1. Is this her/hers car?
2. No. It’s my son’s car. It’s hers/his
A. Nice to meet you, Tony.
Objetivo:
Cuando el pronombre es el objeto de un verbo
I love her – yo lo amo.
Cuando el pronombre es el objeto indirecto del verbo:
Give him the book. Déle el libro.
Cuando el pronombre es objeto de preposición:
She spoke to them
Interrogativos:
Who broke the window?
Which es usado cuando deseamos conocer un determinado
objeto o persona entre varios:
Which house is yours?
Which vegetables do you like? Cuál vegetales le gusta?
What es usado cuando interrogamos sobre un objeto o persona:
What is your name? Cuál es su nombre?
Días de la semana:
Monday (Lunes) Tuesday (Martes) Wednesday (Miércoles)
Thursday (Jueves) Friday (Viernes) Saturday (Sábado) Sunday
(Domingo).
Los Meses:
January (Enero) February (Febrero) March (Marzo) April (Abril) May
(Mayo) June (Junio) July (Julio) August (Agosto) September
(Septiembre) October (Octubre) November (Noviembre) December
(Diciembre).
Los Números:
Del 1 al 19:
One, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, eleven, twelve,
thirteen, fourteen, fifteen, sixteen, seventeen, eighteen, nineteen.
Del 20 al 90 tienen la terminación en –ty:
(20) twenty, (30) thirty, (40) forty, (50) fifty, (60) sixty, (70) seventy,
(80) eighty, (90) ninety.
Para las centenas:
One hundred, (100), two hundred (200), three hundred (300)….
Para unir centenas con decenas se añade and:
Two hundred and fifty five (255).
Para los millones:
One million, two million……
One hundred and two (102)
Three hundred and twenty-four (324)
Los números ordinales:
1st firts (primero), 2nd second (segundo, 3 rd third (tercero), 4th
fourth (cuarto), 5th fifth (quinto), 6th sixth (sexto), 7th seventh
(séptimo), 8th eighth (octavo), 9th ninth, 10th tenht (décimo), 11th
eleventh (décimo primero), 12th twelfth (duodécimo), 13th
thirtheenth (décimo tercero) …….
Las decenas, millares y el millón también tienen la terminación –th:
20th twentieth (vigésimo), 30th thirtieth (trigésimi), …….
Ejercicios:
Ejemplo: 31thirty – one.
40 ______ 3_____________
15_______ 25____________
100______ 51____________
80_______ 97____________
44_______ 61____________
92_______ 88____________
La Hora:
What time is it? Qué hora es?
What’s the time?
5:00 p.m it’s a five o’clock or it’s five p.m
5:15 It’s quarter past five.
5:45 it’s a quarter to six.
1:00 it’s one o’clock
5:30 it’s five thirty or half past five.
Sustantivos contables y no contables:
How many? We use many with countable nouns. Se usa para
nombres contables.
How much? We use much with uncountable nouns. Se usa para
nombres incontables.
Ejemplos:
Los contables: es todo lo que se puede contra como: Two pencils,
one table, ten pictures, three dogs, además es contable chair, book,
cat, pen, box, letter…
Incontables: es todo aquello que no podemos contar: no se dice
one rice (un arroz), two rice, three rice, etc es incontable como: salt,
money, tea, sugar, oxygen, bread, furniture, hair, information, money,
news, spaguetti, weather. Rice.
Se puede contra cantidades de cosas incontables usando glass
(vaso) bottle (botella), litre (litro), etc:
a glass of water
three litre of milk.
1.5. Diferencia entre lo contable y lo no contable:
Contables:
Tiene plural: egg-eggs
Delante de singular contable podemos usar a o an: an
apple
Se puede usar números delante de un contable: two
eggs.
many se usa para nombres plurales contables.
Se usa few o a few para expresar una idea de cantidad
reducida a media: few biscuits o a few biscuits. (pocas
galletas o unas cuantas galletas.
Incontables:
No tienen plural: rice no puede ser rices.
No se puede usar a o an: no se dice a milk, se dice: a
carton of milk.
No se puede usar número delante de incontable,
ejemplo: two rices.
Much se usa para nombres singulares no contables.
How much milk is in the fridge?
Usamos little o a little para expresar una idea de
 cantidad reducida o media: little milk o a little milk (poca
lecha o un poco de leche).
Lots of / A lot of
Lot of + nombre singular o plural. Significa mucho, montones de.
Ejemplo He’ got lot of frienda. (el tiene muchos amigos).
A lot of+ nombre singular o plural . Significa mucho, muchos, bastantes,
un montón de. Ejemplo: I’ve got a lot of work (tengo mucho
trabajo).
1.5.2 Existencia de cosas there is/there are:
There is / there are. Significa [hay] es existencia de algo. There is
(singular) y there are (plural). Ejemplo: there is a party. Hay una
fiesta. There are three picture in the room. Hay tres cuadros en el
salón.
How much butter is there in the cupboard?
How much suggar is there in the cupboard?
How many people are there in Caracas?
1.5.3. Las preposiciones:
In, on, under, between, at, son las más usadas: en, sobre, encima,
debajo, entre, cerca de.
The preposition in is used in the following ways: a) with the name of
months, years, and seasons (la preposición in se usa con el nombre
de los meses, años y estaciones). In March, in 2009 in the winter; b)
with parts of the days or night used in a general sense (en sentido
general para ubicar parte del día o de la noche): In the morning, in
the afternoon, in the evening, c)inside of time (dentro de alguna
cosa): Virginia is in the United States.
The preposition on is used in the following ways: a) With days of the
week, and days of the month (con días de la semana y días de los
meses): on Tuesday, on the tenth of March, on March 10 th ; b) to
indicate contact with a surface (indica la ubicación de (contacto)
con la superficie). The pictures are on the wall [los cuadros sobre la
pared] please sit on the sofa/ the rug is on the floor.
The preposition at is used to indicate a definite a) time or place (la
preposición at se suele usar para dar la hora y los minutos) at six
oclock, b) the place for a definitive position (para definir un lugar
preciso), they are at home (ellos están en el hogar), the postman is
at the door (el cartero esta en la puerta), she writes her name at the
end of the letter (ella se escribe su nombre en el final de la carta).

ON
Between

IN

under
WHERE’S MY BASEBALL
(Tomado de: Vista 1, D. Brown, (1992))
CONVERSATION:
Luis: where’s my baseball bat?
Mom: it’s on your bed.
Luis: No, it isn’t.
Mom: Well is it under your bed?
Luis: No.
Mom: Maybe it’s in the closet.
Luis: No, it isn’t in the closet.
Mom: Is it between the desk and the bookcase?
Luis: No
Mom: Well, I don’t know. Maybe it’s next to your chest.
Luis: Oh! That’s right.

Ejercicios:
1. Ponga en el espacio en blanco: there is/there are/ y las
preposiciones que correspondan in/ on/ under/ between, and
answer them.
Ejemplo: is there a bottle near the dustbin? yes, there is.
a._______three glasses___the cupboard?
b._______three telephone ___the desk?
c._______bottle___the cupboard?
 d. ______a typewriter__ the desk?
e.______o’clock____the wall?
2. Replace each blank with the correct translation of there is /
there are (hay)
__________five children in the family.
__________four bedrooms up stairs.
__________ five plates on the table.
___________one cigarrete.
___________twelve months in a year.
__________ some letters on the desk for you.
____________ a lecture tomorrow night.
___________a big map on the wall.
___________seven children in the family.
3. Practice using the correct preposition, if one is needed. Use
la preposición correcta.
1. She is _______the university this morning.
2. He is sitting ____the table.
3. Mrs Millar is _______home.
4. They live_______Clark Street.
5. The name is ________the door of the house.tur
6. His birthday is______June 4 (fourth).
7. He arrives ______Miami_______six o’clock _______the
morning.
1.6 Descripción de personas, lugares y cosas:
Para describir las personas, los lugares y las cosas debemos saber
los colores, las ropas, el promedio y contextura de las personas, y
 es

indispensable tener dominio del verbo to have/tener, de seguidas

vemos colores, la ropa y la conjugación del verbo to have en
presente:

HOW TO DESCRIBE PEOPL

To ask
Is Susan A red dress.
are they Blue jeans.
What werethe pupils Wearing? The School
was Elena A white swe

his Hair? It’s black.

Is her. It’s blonde.

What Color.

are Carmen’s It’s gray.

shoes?
Jose’s They’re blac
They’re whi
her
They’re bro
his

Tell me about your friend He’s tall and

Tell me about your classmate She’s nice a
Tell me about José He’s young
Tell me about that house It’s big with
 It has a livin

HOW TO DESCRIBE PL
To ask

Describe your pet. My pet is a dog. It’s black

Bobby.

Describe your garden My garden has many pret

some cactus.

1.6.1. Clothes and Colours. (Ropas y Colores)

The Colours:
The colours Los Colores
Red Rojo

Blue Azul
Orange Naranja

Grey Gris

Black Negro

Purple Morado

Violet Violeta

Brown Marrón

Green Verde

Navy-blue Azul marino

Pink Rosado

White Blanco

Beige Beige

You can use dark and light to modify the colours. Se puede usar la
palabra claro y oscuro para modificar la tonalidad de un color, por
ejemplo: blue dark /azul oscuro/ blue light/ azul claro.
Clothes:
Tie Corbata
Scarf Bufanda
Dress Vestido
Skirt Falda
Jacket Chaqueta
Belt Cinturón
Shoes Zapatos
Socks Medias
Overcoa Sobretodo
Short Camisa
Pants or trousers Pantalones
Hat Sombrero

Verbo To Have:

Singular

I have

You have

She has

He has

It Has

I have She has He

has
It has BLACK

EYES
 you have
We have
They have

To have: present tense, negative and question forms:

Form the negative by placing not after the verb. The contractions- have-
haven’t and has hasn’t.
Form questions by placing the verb before the subjects:
La contracciòn de la respuesta negativa se forma uniendo el verbo
con el not pero eliminando la o. La pregunta se hace poniendo antes
del sujeto el verbo:

Examples: has she dark hair? No, she hasn’t.

Has he dark hairs? No, he hasn’t
Has it a fish? No, it hasn’t
We have two children? No we haven’t.
They have some wine? No they haven’t.

Ejercicios:
1. Describe your partner. Example: she’s tall. She has brown
hair and black eyes. He’s average weight. He has red hair,
 green eyes. Describe the picture

2. What about You?.

3. Traducir las siguientes oraciones al inglés utilizando el verbo to

have:
A Ejemplo: Yo tengo una casa . I have_house.
b. Usted tiene poder. __________power
c. El tiene caballos. ___________horses
d. Ella tiene hermanos. _________brothers
e. Ello tiene corriente. _________current.
f. Ellos tienen derechos. _________rights
g. Ustedes tienen amigos. ________friends.
1.6. The noun modifies the subject. En la oración el sustantivo es el
que modifica al sujeto. The adjectives modify the noun. Los
adjetivos son palabras que nombran o indican cualidades, rasgos
y propiedades de los nombres o sustantivos a los que acompañan.
Podemos usar dos o más adjetivos juntos:
Examples: He’s fair, short, and ugly/ She is a pretty and nice girl /.
It's a dark street /It's getting old / a small black book

Como norma general, se sigue el siguiente orden cuando utilizamos

varios adjetivos:

1 opinión /valor delicious, wonderful, nice...

2 tamaño y longitud huge, short, large, small ...

3 edad / temperatura new, old, hot ...

4 forma y superficie round, fat, thin ...

5 Color red, black ...

6 Origen Spanish, American, Victoria

7 Material silver, cotton, paper, iron ...

8 Uso electric, political

9 Nombre bath (towel)

What is the Object?
(Tomado de A. Wright,(1960)).

One evening when Virginia and some of her friends were together,
Robert said,“ Let’s play a game called what is the object? The others
agreed, and the game began.
One Person went out of the room; and while he was outside, the other
people picked out an object. Then the person outside returned and
tried to guess the name of the object. When it was Virginia’s turn to
leave the room, the object that they chose was the sofa. She asked
different people many questions about it.

Virginia: Is the object inside the room or outside?

Answer: It’s inside the room.
Virginia: Is it in front of me or behind me?
Answer: It isn’t in front of you, and it isn’t behind you.
Virginia: Is it beside me then?
Answer: Yes, it’s beside you.
Virginia: What size is it? Is it large or small?
Answer: It’s rather large.
Virginia: What shape is it? Is it round, Square, or rectangular?
Answer: It’s rectangular, more or less.
Virginia: Is it long or short?
Answer: It’s quite long.
Virginia: I know. It’s the piano.
Answer: No, not the piano.
Virginia: Is the object hard or soft?
Answer: It’s soft.
Virginia: Is it heavy or light?
Answer: It’s rather heavy.
Virginia: How much does it weigh?
Answer: Oh, about a hundred pounds, perhaps.
Virginia: What color is it?
Answer: It’s brown.
Virginia: Is it light brown or dark brown?
Answer: I think it’s light brown.
Virginia: Oh, dear, this is so difficult. I can’t guess it. I give up.
Answer: Don’t give up. Please ask another question.
Virginia: Well, is it high or low?
Answer: It’s low.
Virginia: Is the object yours or mine?
Answer: It belongs to Mr. And Mrs. Miller, but many of us use it.
Virginia: When do we use it?
Answer: When we want to read or to talk?
Virginia: Do I often use it?
Answer: Yes, you use it every day.
Virginia: Is it the sofa?.
Answer: Yes, that’s it.

Vocabulary:
to agree: convenir (en), low: abajo
 to belong to: pertenecer a outside: fuera de; afuera
to choose: escoger. perhaps: tal vez
Game: juego. quite: bastante
to guess: adivinar. rather: bastante
Heavy: pesado. to return: volver
High: alto. round: Redondo
Long:largo shape: forma
Size: tamaño square: cuadrado
so: tan then: entonces, pues
Soft: blando to try to: tartar de
Ejercicios:
1. Choose different objects in your classroom, and play this
game.
2. Repeat the following questions, and answer them as rapidly
as possible.
a. Is it large or small? It’s large
b. Is it big or little It’s _____
c. Is it long or short? It’s ______
d. Is it high or low It’s ______
e. Is it hard or soft? It’s ______
f. Is it heavy or Light? It’s ______
g. Is it Light brown or dark brown? It’s_______
h. Is it round or Square? It’s ________
3. Answer these questions in complete sentences.
 3. Are you tall or short? 2. Are you rather heavy or are you thin?
What color is your hair? Are your partner, clever, lazy or
optimistic?.
1.7. Verbo Auxiliar to do:
Conjugaciòn del verbo to do:
Do se usa con: I, You, We, They.
Does: he, she, it.
Uso del verbo en forma auxiliar
1. Para introducir una pregunta: Do you understand that?
/comprende ud. eso?
2. Para dar ènfasis a una frase: I do believe you!/ le creo
3. En las frases negativas: I do not understand what you say
En interrogaciòn el orden es el siguiente:
Do (Does) > Subject > Principal verb
Do you prefer bananas or orange?
Do they rent the house?
Does Virginia live on Clark Street?
Does the house have a nice green lawn?
Does[he, she, it eat? Yes, he, she, it >does/ he, she it > eats.
I do love: yo si amo.
You do not love. Contracted form: you don’t love/ usted no ama
He does not love/ he doesn’t love.
We do not love/ we don’t love.
Example: Do they live in Dallas? Yes, they live in Dallas/ short
answer: yes, they do. Does Felipe relax all day? Yes, he does/ yes,
Felipe relaxes all day.
 Ejercicios:
Form the questions in the simple present tense by placing do or
does before the subject.
1. They speak English well/.do they speak English well.
2. He enjoys fishing
3. She spends her vacations in the mountain.
4. They come to school by bus
5. Andrew knows to play soccer.
6. He knows a lot about South America.
7. They go to the park every afternoon.
8. They have many friends in that school.
1.7. Present continuous:
Se forma con el verbo to be + ing de los verbos.
Para el presente, cuando la acciòn sucede ahora en el momento de
hablar: Peter is driving/ I am working/ We are not looking.(Pedro esta
manejando/ yo estoy trabajando/ nosotros no estamos mirando.
Iam working/ I’m working
You are working / you ‘re working
He is working/ he’s working
She is working/ he’s working
We are working/ we’re working
You are working/ you’re working
They are working / they’re working

Present continuous:

It’s Sunday. It’s a lovely day; the birds are singing and the sun
is shining, but one old man is wearing a warm coat. Arthur is
 looking at some boys; they are playing football. Two girls are
sitting under the trees; they are listening to the radio. Mr. López is
sitting near them; he is reading a book. A little girl is eating an ice-
cream, she is walking home.
Ejercicios:

1. Practice reading these sentences, using the simple present

tense or the present tense with ing, as required, of the verbs
in parentheses.
1. Virginia_______(speak) English very well.
2. She always______(want) to practice it.
3. She ________(learn) a great deal this years.
4. Mr. and Mrs. Miller _______(build) a new house.
5. The doorbell ____________(ring) very often.
6. The doorbell __________(ring) now,
7. Virginia always___________(have) a good time.
8. We________(miss) her very much.
9. I _________(write) many letters to her.
10. I__________(write) a long letters now.
11. This________(begin) at eight o’clock
12. Now we________(begin) to understand some English.
13. We________(study) the present tense now.
14. We________(like) this class.
15. The bus________(stop) at the corner now.
16. It________(rain) a great deal in the tropic.

Negative form: form negative in the present continuous tense

by placing not after to be. Form question in the present
 continuous tense by placing to be before the subject. Para la
forma interrogative el verbo to be va adelante del sujeto. Para
responder negativamente el verbo to be se coloca después del
sujeto:
Is Daniel studying tonight? No, he isn’t studying tonight.
Ejercicios:
1. The telephone is ringing.
1. Is the telephone ringing?
2. The telephone isn’t ringing.
2. It is beginning to rain
a. ____________________________
b____________________________
3. The sky is growing dark
a.______________________________
b.______________________________
4. He is working for a new company.
a._____________________________
b.-____________________________
5. Pedro is cleaning the room now
a._______________________________
b _______________________________
6. The joggers are turning the corner.
a._______________________________
b.______________________________
7. She is having lunch outside on the lawn
a.______________________________
 b.______________________________

Para preguntar en el presente continuo se hace con la pregunta: What

are you doing? qué estas haciendo?
WHAT ARE YOU DOING?

Pedro: hello
Rosa: hi, Pedro.this is Rosa
Pedro : oh, hi, how are you?
Rosa: I’m ok. what are you doing?
Pedro: I’m studying.
Rosa: oh.! what’s Mary doing?
Pedro: she’s taking pictures for a women’s Magazine.
Rosa :oh?
Pedro: yeah.! there are two models here, and they’re wearing
beautiful dresses.
and what are you doing?.
Rosa: I’m looking for a babysitter. I’m going crazy!
Ejercicios:

Then answer. that’s right. that’s wrong. that’s wrong.

1. Pedro is talking to Rosa?
2. Pedro is studying English?
3. Mary is taking picture or a newspaper?
4. There are three models in the apartment.
5. The models are wearing dresses
6. The models are reading?
What are You doing?
What am I doing?
What are we doing?
What are they doing?
What’s she doing?
What’s he doing?

Example: What’s he doing? He is working.

What’s she doing? She is playing golf

1.8. Tiempo pasado simple (auxiliar) Did.

1. The regular ending of the simple past tense is ed; it is

added to the simple form of the verb. If the verb ends is e,
only d is added.
 2. When the simple form of the verb ends is a single
consonant preceded by a single vowel and the stress is on
the last syllable, the consonant is doubled before a suffix
beginning with vowel.
3. The past tense of auxiliary verb Do is Did. All principal
verbs except Be use did in the interrogative and did not in
the negative. The negative contraction is didn’t. The
principal verb is always in the simple form.
Cuando el verbo es una consonante simple precedida por
una vocal, entonces la consonante es doble: stop; stopped,
omit, omitted.

Auxiliary did:
Negative Interrogative Positive short
answer
I did not (didn’t) Did I walk? Yes, I did
walk
You did not Did you walk? Yes, You did
(didn’t)walk
He did not Did he walk? Yes, he did
(didn’t)walk

Ejercicios:
1. Change the following statements to the negative using the
full form did not.
1. He wrote his lesson.
He did not write his lesson.

2. They told us the story

3. She put the books on his desk
4. We stayed in Mexico City for two weeks.
5. I saw Florence yesterday.
2. Change the following statements to the negative using the
contraction didn’t.
1. The man fainted in the heat

The man didn’t faint in the heat.

2. I knew him very well.

3. You sold your new car.
4. Mr Sánchez spoke to Bertha about the exam.
5. She came to meeting alone.
3. Change the following Statements to the question form.
1. She worked all day
2. Did she work all day?
3. We stayed in Europe all year
4. They went by plane.
5. She came home very late.
6. They went to the party together
7. Rosa worked there for many years.
8. The meeting began on time.
 VERBOS IRREGULARES

Presente Pasado Pasado Significado

Participio

Awake Awoke Awoken Despertar

Begin Began Begun Comenzar

Break Broke Broken Romper

Bring Brought Brought Traer

Build Built Built Construer

Catch Caught Caught Agarrar

Choose Chose Chosen Elegir

Come Came Come Venire

Cost Cost Cost Costar

Cut Cut Cut Cortar

Do Did Done Hacer

Draw Drew Drawn Dibujar

Drink Drank Drunk Beber

Drive Drove Driven Conducer

Eat Ate Eaten Comer

Fall Fell Fallen Caer

Feel Felt Felt Sentir

Fight Fought Fought Pelear

 Find Found Found Encontrar

Fly Flew Flown Volar

Forget Forgot Forgotten Olvidar

forgive Forgave Forgiven Perdonar

Get Got Gotten got Obtener, lograr

Give Gave Given Dar

Go Went Gone Ir

Grow Grew Grown Crecer

REFERENCIAS BIBLIOGRÁFICAS

Adela Alicia y Noel Grant (1997): New Century 8. Edit Excelencia.

Audrey L. Wright (1960): Practice Your English. Edit. American Book
Company.
H. Douglas Brown (s/f): Vistas 2. An Interactive Course in English.
Editado por Regent/Prentice Hall. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey 07632.
________________(1992): Vistas 1. An Interactive Course in
English.Regents/ prenice Hall. Englewood Cliff, New Jersey 07.
Israeli English Method (s/f) English Patterns Review. Edit. Tel Aviv
English Institution.
Isabel Hernández (2001): Olimpiadas. English 7. Edit Voluntad.
Educación Básica.
Manuel dos Santos (2001): Super Goal. Student Book 3. Edit. Mc.Graw
Hill.
Steven J. Molinsky y Bill Bliss: (2002): Side by Side. Third edition.
Editorial Longman.
Virginia Evan’s y Neil O’Sullivan (2005): Double Clic. Edit. Expres
Puiblishing
Electrónicas:
Polseguerra: /www.polseguera.org/basic_vocabulary. [consultado
20.08.2009].