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Examen 3er Parcial A 2017 1 PDF
Examen 3er Parcial A 2017 1 PDF
UNIVERSIDAD!JUSTO!SIERRA!
PLANTEL!TICOMAN!
MEDICINA!
!
TERCERA!EVALUACIÓN!PARCIAL!
The proliferative phase is the second phase of wound healing and roughly spans days 4
through 12 It is during this phase that tissue continuity is re-established. Fibroblasts and
endothelial cells are the last cell populations to infiltrate the healing wound, and the
strongest chemotactic factor for fibroblasts is PDGF. Upon entering the wound
environment, recruited fibroblasts first need to proliferate, and then become activated, to
carry out their primary function of matrix synthesis remodeling. This activation is
mediated mainly by the cytokines and growth factors released from wound
macrophages.Fibroblasts isolated from wounds synthesize more collagen than nonwound
fibroblasts, they proliferate less, and they actively carry out matrix contraction. Although
it is clear that the cytokine-rich wound environment plays a significant role in this
phenotypic alteration and activation, the exact mediators are only partially characterized.
Additionally, lactate, which accumulates in significant amounts in the wound environment
over time (10 mmol), is a potent regulator of collagen synthesis through a mechanism
involving ADP-ribosylation. Endothelial cells also proliferate extensively during this phase
of healing. These cells participate in the formation of new capillaries (angiogenesis), a
process essential to successful wound healing. Endothelial cells migrate from intact
venules close to the wound. Their migration, replication, and new capillary tubule
formation is under the influence of such cytokines and growth factors as TNF-, TGF-, and
VEGF. Although many cells produce VEGF, macrophages represent a major source in the
healing wound, and VEGF receptors are located specifically on endothelial cells.