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L & T-CHIYODALIMITADA

BRIDAS Y DISEÑO DE
BRIDA ESTÁNDAR FLANGENON ESTÁNDA

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TABLA DE TABLA DE CONTENIDO CONTENIDO

"Introducción
"Tipo de Flanges"Type de pestañas
"Classification de pestañas basado en presión temperatura
clasificación "tipo de caras de brida
"Gasket y sus datos de
"Bolting de propiedades
según el TEMA "Forces
actuando en un diseño
flangegg de diseño de brida
de anillo suelto de brida de
soldadura

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BRIDAS

FL
Bridas son tuberí
Yoasmecomponentes
t utilizados
df paratituberíame
s
de conexión que necesita desmontaje y mantenimiento
perió dico, otra tuberí
componentes comoa válvulas, especialidades, artículos
del instrumento como orificio, flujo metros etc. a las
tuberías.
Una junta con bridas se compone de tres & independentA junta con bri
Aunque relacionados entre sí componentes; las bridas, las
juntas y los tornillos.

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 FLANGE TYPESFLANGE TYPES
¾Welding neck flange
¾Slip-on flange
¾Lap joint flange

¾Screwed flange
¾¾
Blind flange
 WELDING NECK FLANGEWELDING NECK

Th hhave al long,t tapered

They d hhub
b
between the flange ring and the
weld joint. This hub provides a gradual transition from the
flangegradual transition from the flange ring thickness to the pipe
wall thickness thereby decreasing the discontinuity and increasing
thediscontinuity and increasing the strength.

Preferred
P f d for
f extreme
t service
i conditions
diti such
h as hi
high
h ttemperature,
t hi
high
h
pressure, wide fluctuations in pressure and temperature and subzero
temperature.
 SLIP-ON FLANGESLIP ON FLANGE
The use of this type of flange should
be limited to moderate services where
fl
pressure fluctuations,
i temperature
fluctuations, vibrations and shock are
not expected to be severe.

The strength of this flange is around

2/3 times to that of weld neck flange.

The fatigue life of this type of flange is 1/3 that of a weld neck flange.

The slip-on type of flange is widely used because of its greater ease of
li
alignmentt iin welding
ldi assemblybl andd bbecause off its
it llow iinitial
iti l cost.
t
 LAP JOINT FLANGE

The principal advantage of theseThe principal advantage of these

flanges is that the bolt holes are easily aligned, and this
simplifies the erection of the vessel.

They are also useful in cases where

frequent dismantling for cleaning or
inspection is requiredinspection is required
Its fatigue life is about 10% of the
fatigue life of the weld neck
flangesflanges.
 SCREWED FLANGE

The screwed flanges are

used on pipelines where
welding cannot be carried
out.out.
 BLIND FLANGEBLIND FLANGE

The blind flanges are used to close

the ends which need to be reopened
later.
 FLANGE CLASSIFICATION BASED ON
PRESSURE TEMPERATURE RATING
• 125 # (CI)125 # (CI)
• 150 #
• 250 # (CI)
• 300 #
• 400 #
• 600 #• 600 #
• 900 #
• 1500 #
• 2500 #
• 5000 #
• 10000 #• 10000 #
 TYPES OF FLANGE FACE

• Raised Face (RF)

•T
ngue
o g& Groove (T/G)
( )
• Male & Female (M/F)
• Ring Type Joint (RTJ)
• Flat Face (FF)
 RAISED FACE (RF)RAISED FACE (RF)

• T h e y a r e s u i t a b
service involving high pressure, high temperature, thermal
shock, or cyclic operations, this type of flange facing may
not be satisfactorynot be satisfactory.
•Raised face is 1/16” for 150# & 300# which ¼” for higher
rating.
•Unconfined gasket.
 MALE & FEMALE (M/F)MALE & FEMALE
•Male & Female facings have the advantage of confining the gasket and th
gasketand thereby minimizing the possibility of blowout of the gasket. •The
reason these flanges are not widely used on pipe-line connections as are th

id
flraised
f face flanges.
•They offer no protection against forcing the gasket into the vessel.
•Recessed O.D. normally is not more than 1/16" larger than the
O.D. of the male face.
•Joint must be pried apart for disassembly
 TONGUE & GROOVE (T/G)(
•Fully Confined Gasket
• G r o o v e u s u a l l y n o t
o v e r 1 / 1 6 " w i d e r t h a n
•The flange is less subject to erosive and corrosive contact with
the vesselthe vessel
• T h e t o n g u e i s m o r e l i k e l y t
T h e r e f o r e t h e t o n g u e i s n o r m
bbe ieasily
l removed
f d from theh vessel.l
 RING TYPE JOINT (RTJ)RING TYPE JOIN
•This type of facing is used severe service conditions and for
hazardous fluidshazardous fluids .
•It is used in petroleum, petrochemical and high-pressure
equipments.
•Close tolerances and high standards of machining are required , as
a result this type of flange is seldom used for diameters larger than
36”.
•The main disadvantage of this type of facing is the high cost of
manufacturing. It is the most expensive face.
 FLAT FACE (FF)FLAT FACE (FF)
They are mainly used for rubber lined equipments for chemical
plantsplants.
They are used for equipments operating under low pressure.
Since the width of the gasket is more, the gasket seating force is
more.
 GASKETSGASKETS

Gaskets are relatively softer material which are inserted

between flanges to avoid leakage. Tightening the bolts
causes the gasket material to flow into the minor machini
imperfections, resulting in a fluid tight seal.p,g g
Gaskets are made of materials which are not chemically
affected by the fluid in the pipe and which are resistant to
deterioration by temperaturedeterioration by temperature.
 PROPERTIES OF IDEAL GASKET

•Be sufficiently deformable to flow into imperfections on the

seating surfaces to create an initial sealseating surfaces to create an initial
•Have sufficient strength to resist crushing under the
p
applied load and defy rupture under pressure.yp
•Chemically resist fluid under all temperatures and pressures.
•Never promote corrosion of the seating surfaceNever promote corrosion
 DESIGN OF FLANGE
1
1-BOLT LOAD
2-HYDROSTATIC END FORCE
3-INTERNAL PRESSURE

2
 OPERATING CONDITION
Reedr qui bolt load for the
ingt opera condits Wm1
d shoul be suf ic ent enough to resi t the hydr osta ic end force H nd a a lso maint the gask et joint-c onta surf ace load Hp
Wm1 = H + Hp
= 0.785G2P + 2b x 3.14GmP
G = D i a m e t e r
ba =tEffective t h gasket e k width
g idah s k e t l o a d r e a c t i o n b
P = Internal pressure
m = Gasket factor ( It is ration of the gasket stress when the
vessel is under internal pressure to the internal pressure )vessel is under internal pressure

GASKET SEATING CONDITION Minimu equird

bolt oadl orf gasket seatingMminu
edrqui lto b load for gasket ingseat Wm2 = bG
3.14 y
y = gasket-contact surface seating stress
 LOOSE RING FLANGE

4.00

70 CAF

650650

Select M20 x 24 No. of bolts

Fillet size = 8 mm
BCD C C =650
650 +2 2x8+
x 8 2 + 23.81
23.81 = 725 mm
OD of flange A = 725 + 2 x 23.81 = 775 mm
Width of gasket = 20 mm
Gasket OD = 690 mm
Gasket ID = 650 mm
Minimum spacing of bolts = 52.39 mm
 b0 = basic gasket seating width = N / 2 = 10 mm
20 b = effective
ff ti gasket
k t width
idth = b0 when
h b0 < ¼ “
b0 10 else b = 0.5 ( b0)0.5
b 7.97
G = O.D. of gasket – 2b
674.06

112.49
2

Maximum bolt spacing = 2d + 6t / ( m+0.5) = 2x20 +

6 xassumed
4 0 / ( 2 +thk
0 . 5of) flange
= 1 3 6is
i m40mmm
dhk ffl

94.9 52.39
29 5
29.5 23 81
23.81
25 23.81

1406.17 1758

1406.17 1758
 19185 86
19185.86 1079 98
1079.98

2698.9 5209.22

14268.5 55250.15

16967.48

19.355
H = hydrostatic end force on the area inside of D
flange
H = difference between the hydrostatic end force T
& hydrostatic end force on the area inside
of& hydrostatic end force on the area inside of flange
HP = gasket load
 13273.23 37.5 497.745
2698.9 25.46 68.76
1000.5 31.48 31.51

598.032

55250.22 25.46 1407.72

650 11.13

1.19

26.98 41.4
41.4 62

1
FLANGE ROTATION OR FLANGE RIGIDITY
Angular distortion of a flange under the influence of
bolt and reaction forces. Measured with respect to the p
center of the cross section of the flange.
Flanges have been designed based on allowable stress
limits alone may not be sufficiently rigid enough to
control leakage.
1 0 9 4O/MEt 3ln(K)K
J =109.4M / Et l (K)KL
= 109.4 x 1407720 / 19475.03 x 623 In(1.19) x 0.2
= 0.953
WELD NECK FLANGE

343.00
 fgg

fggfgg

fgg

fgg
FLANGE ROTATION OR FLANGE RIGIDITY
J =52.14MOV / LEgo2h oKI
= 52.14 x 19657140 x 0.3375
10.44 x 18280.25 x 102 x 129.23 x 0.3
= 0.46
 OPTIONAL TYPE FLANGE
This type covers designs where the attachment of the flange to the nozzle
neck vessel or pipe wall is such that the assembly is considered to act as a
iunit, which
hi h shall
h l b be lcalculated
l d as i an integral
l fl flange, except
h f that for
simplicity the designer may calculate the construction as a loose type flange
provided none of the following values is
exceeded
o : g =5/8” (16mm)g = 5/8 ( 16 mm )
B / go = 300
P = 300 psi
Operating temperature = 700 oFOperating
F temperature