Documentos de Académico
Documentos de Profesional
Documentos de Cultura
270832117
INGLS TCNICO
ELECTRNICO
CURSO 2008 - 2009
(Curso 2008-2009)
Elaborada por:
Alejandro F. Lpez de Vergara Mndez (aflopez@ull.es)
Mara Jos Chivite de Len (mchivite@ull.es)
Pedro J. Domnguez Caballero de Rodas (pdcrodas@ull.es)
Mara Jess Llarena Ascanio (mllarena@ull.es)
USO INTERNO
Contents Page
Programa de la asignatura. 5
Bibliografa 7
Calendario Acadmico 2008-2009 (Segundo cuatrimestre). 9
Distribucin temporal.. 10
Normas de la asignatura. 13
English Grammar Placement Test 16
For Future Reference.. 18
Unit 1. Why I am not an Electronics Engineer. 19
Unit 2. Hot Optics, Cooling Electronics 23
Unit 3. Panasonic Bagless Vacuum Cleaner (I).. 28
Unit 4. Reliable Wireless Networks for Critical Infrastructure... 31
Unit 5. Lets Get Small: The Shrinking World of Microelectronics 39
Unit 6. Data Logger, Temperature / Humidity Loggers and Sensors.. 47
CURSO 2008 - 2009
PROGRAMA DE LA ASIGNATURA
Asignatura
270832117 Ingls Tcnico Electrnico
Curso: Segundo de Ingeniera Tcnica Industrial en Electrnica Industrial
Tipo de asignatura: Obligatoria
Cuatrimestre: Segundo
Crditos Tericos: 3,0
Crditos Prcticos: 3,0
Docencia / Profesorado
Departamento y Datos del Profesorado Telfono Correo electrnico
Departamento de Filologa Inglesa y Alemana 922 317 619 filina@ull.es
Domnguez Caballero de Rodas, Pedro 922 317 656 pdcordas@ull.es
Llarena Ascanio, Mara Jess 922 317 234 mllarena@ull.es
(Aula 12)
08.00 10.00
PRCTICAS
10:00 12:00
(Aula Turing)
12:00 14:00
Propsito:
Introduccin al ingls tcnico-cientfico escrito empleado en el campo de la Electrnica. Adquisicin de
vocabulario bsico especializado. Familiarizarse con los tipos de textos y discursos cientficos ms
comunes.
Requisitos:
Nivel de ingls: Intermedio / Avanzado (500 horas / 5 aos de instruccin), equivalente al Nivel
B2 (Avanzado) del Marco comn europeo de referencia para las lenguas.
Evaluacin:
Criterios de Evaluacin y Correccin: mediante participacin y prueba de evaluacin final
que combine: LECTURA COMPRENSIVA (25 %), GRAMTICA (30%), EXPRESIN ESCRITA
(25 %) Y PRCTICAS DE LABORATORIO (20%)
Tipo de pruebas tericas o prcticas a superar: Exposicin oral sobre un tema dado,
utilizando recursos multimedia durante 30 minutos (incluido tiempo para debate). En su defecto,
examen escrito que combine los anteriores parmetros.
Temario:
Bibliografa:
DICCIONARIOS
AMOS, S.W. 1985 (3). Diccionario de electrnica. Espaol-Ingls / Ingls-Espaol. Madrid:
Paraninfo.
BEIGBEDER ATIENZA, F. 1988. Nuevo diccionario politcnico de las lenguas espaola e
CURSO 2008 - 2009
Lu Ma Mi Ju Vi Sa Do Sem.
1
Febrero 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
9 10 11 12 13 14 15 1 Primer cuatrimestre
16 17 18 19 20 21 22 2 Segundo Cuatrimestre
23 24 25 26 27 28 1 3 Entrega de Actas
Marzo 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 4 Periodo lectivo sin docencia
9 10 11 12 13 14 15 5 Vacaciones
16 17 18 19 20 21 22 6 Das Festivos
23 24 25 26 27 28 29 7 Convocatorias de Examen
30 31 1 2 3 4 5 8
Abril 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
13 14 15 16 17 18 19 9
20 21 22 23 24 25 26 10 Das no lectivos
27 28 29 30 1 2 3 11 1 noviembre: Todos los Santos
Mayo 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 12 6 diciembre: Da de la Constitucin Espaola
11 12 13 16 15 16 17 13 8 diciembre: Inmaculada Concepcin
CURSO 2008 - 2009
Distribucin temporal
Semana 1: Language level test. Introducing oneself. Metasearching for
reference. [Del 9 al 15 de febrero de 2009]
Introductory section: English Grammar Placement Test. Teora:
English Language level test. Prctica: General reference searches.
Speaking about oneself. Developing skills.
1
IMRAD: Introduction, Materials (& Methods), Results and Discussion. Standard structure of to
be used on most applied sciences scientific papers, which typically includes these four sections
in this order [Wikipedia]
2
Outline: a hierarchical way to display related items of text to graphically depict their
relationships. See http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outline [Wikipedia]
3
Hedges: intentionally non-committal or ambiguous sentence fragments, such as "sort of",
"kind of", "like".
Normas de la asignatura:
La Asignatura 270832117 INGLS TCNICO ELECTRNICO consta de dos
bloques bien diferenciados:
La Teora ser impartida por la Prof. Mara Jess Llarena Ascanio. Las
Prcticas por el Prof. Pedro Domnguez Caballero de Rodas. La asistencia
tanto a las sesiones tericas como prcticas es obligatoria.
Todo el texto (salvo los datos personales) deber estar a DOBLE ESPACIO.
Las fuentes vlidas son: Arial, Helvetica, Times (New Roman), ajustadas a los
siguientes tamaos: Ttulos, encabezados = 14, Cuerpo principal del texto =
12, Notas, comentarios = 10. Las prcticas que no se ajusten a estas normas
de estilo, sern rechazadas de oficio.
CURSO 2008 - 2009
Elementary
Intermediate
Upper Intermediate
Advanced
Find out what your level is by completing the following placement test. If you want the result to reflect your
level of English, even approximately, take each test only once and do not use a dictionary!
1. Simon .... very tall. 9. I .... the film we saw at the cinema on
a. is Wednesday.
b. are a. doesn't like
c. has b. haven't liked
c. didn't like
2. She .... like football very much.
a. don't 10. Magdalene .... in England for her
b. doesn't holidays last year.
c. hasn't a. was
b. were
3. How .... does one lesson cost? c. is
a. many
b. much 11. My mother .... never been to a cricket
c. is match.
a. hadn't
4. There .... a big supermarket next to my b. haven't
house. c. has
a. is
b. are 12. Joanna .... her new mobile phone.
c. have a. is losing
b. loses
5. I ... agree with you. c. has lost
a. doesn't
b. haven't
c. don't 13. .... ever seen a comet?
a. Did you
6. Neil can't ... tennis. He's broken his b. Have you
arm. c. Do you
a. to play
b. playing
c. play
14. If I were rich, I .... buy a huge farm in 24. The offer was too good for David to
Somerset. turn .... .
a. will a. off
b. shall b. down
c. would c. away
15. They .... pass their exam if they 25. Eric's father ordered him .... out late
studied hard. again.
a. would a. not to stay
b. will b. not stay
c. did c. not staying
16. I wish I .... play a musical instrument. 26. If only I .... to the barbecue instead of
a. can staying at home.
b. could a. went
c. should b. had gone
c. did go
Part Three: Upper Intermediate
Part Four: Advanced
17. When Gregory arrived at the disco,
Elena .... . 27. Not only .... to London but she also
a. already left visited many other places in England.
b. has already left a. she went
c. had already left b. went she
c. did she go
CURSO 2008 - 2009
33. He eventually managed .... the door by 34. There's no point .... staying up all night
kicking it hard. if your exam is tomorrow.
a. open a. on
b. opening b. with
c. to open c. in
35. Rarely .... meat.
a. I eat
b. do I eat
c. I have eaten
THIS WEEKS QUOTE: Teachers open the door, but you must enter yourself.
Chinese proverb
4
http://cvc.cervantes.es/obref/marco/cvc_mer.pdf
Electricity Expert: Kirchhoffs Rules5 are the basis of electronics. For example,
one of these rules says the total current flowing into a junction is equal to
the total current leaving the junction
CURSO 2008 - 2009
Young Julian: But, you just taught me about capacitors. They have current
flowing into them, but not out the other side, right?
EE: Err yeah, but only for a short time. It doesnt really apply to capacitors.
YJ: Arent capacitors one of the basic components of electronics? How can a
major rule not apply to them?
EE: You dont understand yet. Let me try something easier. Ohms Law says
V=IR, voltage equals current multiplied by resistance.
YJ: Oh, so if I increase the resistance in this circuit, the voltage will increase!
EE: No, the voltage always stays constant. The current will reduce.
YJ: Huh? Why didnt you say I = V/R then? That way, the constants are on the
right, and the unknown is on the left - you know, like they force us do in
algebra all the time.
EE: Yeah, whatever. Its the same thing. Never mind, did you finish wiring the
flashing LED circuit yet?
YJ: No, I think these LEDs you just gave me are dead. I am measuring the
resistance - yes, in both directions - and it is infinite.
EE: Oh, that doesnt prove anything. They have very high resistance at low-
voltages, but it drops off as the voltage increases.
YJ: Huh? Didnt you say V=IR?
5
Kirchhoff's circuit laws are a pair of laws that deal with the conservation of charge and
energy in electrical circuits, and were first described in 1845 by Gustav Kirchhoff. Widely used in
electrical engineering, they are also called Kirchhoff's rules or simply Kirchhoff's laws
[Wikipedia]
[http://www.somethinkodd.com/oddthinking/2005/12/12/why-i-am-not-an-electronic-engineer/]
6
Repetition of the same idea expressed in different ways. In propositional logic, a tautology
(from the Greek word ) is a propositional formula that is true under any possible
valuation (also called a truth assignment or an interpretation) of its propositional variables.
7
An 8-bit home computer released by Commodore International in August, 1982 and
discontinued in April 1994. The C64 featured 64 kilobytes (64210 bytes) of RAM with sound
and graphics performance that were superior to IBM-compatible computers of that time.
THIS WEEKS QUOTE: You can't direct the wind but you can adjust the sails.
Anonymous
RECOMMENDED SITES:
Electronic symbol (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronic_symbol)
How Many? A Dictionary of Units of Measurement
(http://www.unc.edu/%7Erowlett/units/large.html)
Jim Loy's Mathematics Page (http://www.jimloy.com/math/math.htm)
Long and short scales (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Long_and_short_scales)
Math Resources - Tutorials, Formulas, Directories
(http://www.khake.com/page47.html)
Simbologa electrnica - Smbolos electrnicos (http://www.simbologia-
electronica.com/)
CURSO 2008 - 2009
TASKS
1. What is the gist of the above text? Do you think the author tried to be sarcastic or
humoristic? Give arguments to support your answer. [Maximum 50 words]
2. For future reference, and also to help you get acquainted with technical words both in
English and in Spanish, you should start a glossary on Electronics and Engineering. The
following fields should be included: English term, Spanish equivalent, definition, related
hyperlinks, synonyms and antonyms. If you want, you may expand these fields. You are
advised to work in groups, and advance at a rate of some 50 new words per week. By the
end of the semester, your glossary should include some 400-500 words.
3. Write down the outline underlying this text.
4. Reading Comprehension:
4.1. What sort of (personal) opinion/experiential perspective does the author deploy?
Comment on the value and purpose of the subjective tone employed.
4.2. Do you agree with him?
4.3. How does the young narrator refute/redress basic electronic laws? How does the
teacher account for them?
4.4. Write down your very impressions of the role of Electronics in todays world. Is our
modern world powered by Electronics? Provide examples of it.
4.5. What is the role of hazard and the human component in science and in scientific
standards and laws? How can all these be accounted for?
4.6. Why are you an Electronics Engineer? Write your answer and debate it with your
partners and class-mates in class discussion.
5. Watch the following You Tube video-clips and then answer the questions below:
5.2.2. How many minimal pairs (i.e., nearly homophone words), such as ship [p]
sheep [i:p] can you spot?
5.2.3. What piece of advice would you give to our friend?
Unit 3
TECHNOLOGY IN FOCUS | NETRONICS SOLUTIONS
Well designed thermo-electric cooler drivers conserve power and space in optical
networking equipment.
As the demand for higher bandwidth increases, optical networking system engineers face
tougher and tougher design constraints on the electrical side.
8
Play on words: HOT (warm, but also important matter). COOLING (cold, but also great or
interesting).
two. Unfortunately, the integrator alone is slow and has a huge amount of gain
at its disposal, so you can end up with significant overshoot or hunting. The
integration process may take minutes, hours, or even years to settle, if ever.
With a little proportional
gain added to the
integrator, and a
smaller time constant
(on the order of tenths
to hundredths of a
second), the error is
significantly reduced
before the integrator
portion starts hunting.
This proportional-
fig. 1 - This temperature control block diagram illustrates integral (PI) system can
how the TEC works in an application. still take anywhere from
a few seconds to a few
minutes to reach equilibrium. To improve this settling time, you could add the
derivative term to the mix. But that makes the loop more complicated and
potentially unstable.
fig. 2 - Shown is the basic push-pull linear driver and a PWM driver in an H-bridge
configuration. Note linear (a) versus switching (PWM) heat dissipation (b).
This inefficiency results from the power transistors acting as variable resistors
between the power supply and the load. Consider a TEC rated for maximums of
1 A and 2 V. The total power from a 5-V supply is 5 V 1 A, or 5 W, while the
TEC actually uses only 2 W. Therefore, the maximum efficiency is limited to
40%. The remaining 3 W are wasted as heat dissipated in the power transistor,
which will likely need some form of heat sink9a bulky or costly addition.
To solve the heat problem, turn to a switching or PWM solution. Similar to a
switch-mode power supply, the transistors are driven into saturation, not the
linear region, and are only on when they need to supply current to the load. As
a result, theyre from 85% to 90% efficient. The transistors are switched on and
off at a relatively high frequency, typically between 100 kHz and 1 MHz. The
on-off time create a duty cycle proportional to the desired output voltage.
An H-bridge configuration allows current to flow through the load in either
direction from a single power supply (Fig. 2b). If you want current to flow from
left to right through the TEC element, Q1 and Q4 would switch while Q2 and Q3
remain off. The switching waveform is filtered, normally with inductors and
capacitors as shown, to supply a near-dc output to the load. Therein lies the
primary disadvantage of a switching solutionthe noise generated from the
switching itself.
If the filter doesnt sufficiently attenuate the switching signal, ripple will be
present on the TEC element, which may degrade its performance. Of even
greater significance, though, is electromagnetic interference (EMI) from the
high-frequency switching.
CURSO 2008 - 2009
9
A heat sink (or heatsink) is an environment or object that absorbs and dissipates heat from
another object using thermal contact (either direct or radiant) [Wikipedia]
TEC element draws too much current, as in a short10 for example, a TTL
overcurrent fault is sent from the DRV591 to the system monitor. The driver
powers off for a few microseconds, then immediately powers back up to try to
drive the TEC element again.
If an intermittent short caused the problem and it has disappeared, the DRV591
clears the fault and resumes normal operation. But if the overcurrent condition
is still present, the fault remains and the device cycles its power again. Because
the ambient temperature can range anywhere from -40C to 85C, the driver
should include some protection to prevent its own internal heating from
indirectly damaging the laser. The DRV591 sends out another fault flag to the
system monitor if the silicons temperature reaches about 130C, just as an
early-warning system. Once the silicon goes above 150C, the device shuts
itself down, but it powers back up after the temperature has decreased.
However, the system can shut down the laser before the TEC driver shuts
down. Controlling a laser diodes temperature isnt a trivial task, especially
considering the trend toward higher laser powers and greater density of
wavelengths. The system must be accurate, flexible, efficient, and small. For
applications requiring low current levels when board area and heat arent
concerns, a linear driver solution may be adequate for the TEC element. When
low heat dissipation is a must, the high efficiency PWM approach provides an
Dave Skinner is responsible for product development and applications support for TEC driver
products at Texas Instruments Inc., Dallas.
http://www.netronicsmag.com/
netronics | july/august 2002, pp. 16-18
THIS WEEKS QUOTE: I hear and I forget. I listen and I understand. I do and I
remember. Chinese proverb
10
Short: abbreviation for short-circuit or s/c: an accidental connection between two nodes of
an electrical circuit
11
Abstracts: brief summaries of a scientific or technical paper addressed to a specialist public,
often used to help the reader quickly evaluate the paper/conference importance. Abstracts may
be grouped into three classes: Descriptive, Informative and Evaluative. Descriptive Abstracts,
becoming very rare, usually present just the gist of the text, in two or three lines. They can be
seen as a content table in paragraph form. Informative Abstracts, are more elaborated, and
show a detailed outline of the whole text, usually following the IMRAD pattern, and including
citations and bibliography. Evaluative Abstracts are devised as a piece of literary criticism to
sell a product. They usually start with a description of the product/text, followed by technical
details, to end with the specialists opinion and/or proposal.
RECOMMENDED SITES:
Colorado State University Writing Guides: Writing Abstracts
(http://writing.colostate.edu/guides/documents/abstract/index.cfm)
English Grammar Guide (http://www.learnenglish.de/grammarpage.htm)
Learn English On-line (LEO) network (http://www.learnenglish.de/)
Simple Guide to Suffixes (http://www.learnenglish.de/grammar/suffixtext.htm)
TASKS
1. Scan through the text and give out the gist of the article. How/Where within the text could
you find it?
2. Work on your assigned glossary by adding new vocabulary from the text. By the end of this
week you should already have 60-100 terms.
3. Watch the following You Tube video-clip: Global Warning
(http://es.youtube.com/watch?v=C3pujlkSTqo&mode=related&search)
3.1. What have big corporations and politicians done about global warming & climate
change?
3.2. What alternatives to oil-energy sources are offered?
CURSO 2008 - 2009
3.3. Is there any reason why this clip is called Global WaRNing, instead of the more
logical Global WaRMing?
4. Check with a dictionary the meaning of all the acronyms and abbreviations used in the text,
and then compile them in a list.
5. Skimming & Scanning: In each paragraph, spot the term that mostly condenses the idea
dealt with or explained there.
6. Now, proceed to deliver the main ideas as developed in each paragraph (prcis).
7. Once provided with the extracted information above, work on and write down the texts
structure.
8. Write a possible abstract (informative and/or evaluative) for this article.
ENGLISH
Before using the vacuum cleaner, please observe these basic precautions.
WARNING: To reduce the risk of fire, electric shock or injury
This appliance is not intended for use by young children or infirm person without
supervision.
Do not use the appliance is the mains lead or plug is damaged or faulty.
This appliance is provided with a mains lead and if this comes damaged, it must be
repaired by an Authorised Service Centre or qualified person in order to avoid any hazard.
Unplug from the socket when not in use and before cleaning the appliance or undertaking
maintenance operations.
Turn off the appliance before removing the plug. Do not pull on the mains; always pull on
the plug body itself.
Do not handle plug or vacuum cleaner with wet hands.
When empty the dust compartment, make sure to close the cover to avoid dust leakage.
A) Suction inlet
B) Connection pipe
C) Hose
D) Curved pipe
E) Manual suction control
F) Extension tube (optional)
G) Telescopic tube
H) Floor nozzle [a] [b] (depending on model)
I) Dusting brush
J) Crevice nozzle
K) ON/OFF Switch button / Variable power control
L) Cord rewind button
12
Embers: hot ashes and cinders
13
Clogged: congested, blocked.
M) Handle
N) Dust compartment handle
O) Dust compartment cover
P) Main Filter A
Q) Main Filter B
R) Pre-filter
S) Maximum dust level mark
T) Dust compartment
U) Rear cover
V) Exhaust cover
W) Parquet floor nozzle (depending on model)
B-1 Insert the connection pipe into the suction inlet and turn the pipe to the right.
B-2 Telescopic tube. Keep hold of the tube grip and pull out the tube to the required length.
B-3 Extension tube (Optional). Fit together the two tubes by twisting slightly.
B-4 Fit together curved tube and extension or telescopic tube by twisting slightly.
B-5 Fit together the end of the tube and the nozzle pipe by twisting slightly.
C-1 Floor nozzle [a] [b] (depending on model). The floor nozzle is equipped with a pedal,
which allows you to alter its position according to the type of floor to be cleaned.
CURSO 2008 - 2009
C-2 Parquet floor nozzle (depending on model). For the gentle cleaning of parquet and hard
floors.
C-3 Cord rewind button (L). Pull out the total length of the mains lead and plug into the
socket. To rewind the cord, press the button. NOTE: Please hold the plug to prevent it
striking you or the product. ON/OFF Switch button / Variable power control (K). To start
or stop the cleaner, press the button. To increase or reduce the power, turn the same
button.
C-4 Manual suction control. The curved pipe of the hose is attached with a manual suction
control, which allows you to briefly reduce the suction level.
C-5 Dusting brush. For vacuuming pictures frames, furniture, books and other objects.
C-6 Crevice nozzle. For vacuuming in inaccessible places like a window frame or a crevice in
the wall.
C-7 Park system. For short breaks during vacuuming, slide the hook attached to the floor
nozzle pipe into the slot on the rear side of the cleaner.
C-8 How to store / carrying the cleaner. Switch off the cleaner, remove the plug from the
socket and rewind the cord. To store or carrying the cleaner in a vertical position, slide the
hook of the floor nozzle pipe into the clip on the underside of the cleaner.
THIS WEEKS QUOTE: When inspiration does not come to me, I go half way
to meet it. Sigmund Freud
RECOMMENDED SITES:
Colorado State University Writing Guides: Writing Abstracts
(http://writing.colostate.edu/guides/documents/abstract/index.cfm)
English Online - Writing Skills instructions
(http://www.englishonline.co.uk/englishnon/literacy/literacy11-14/instruct.html)
Motorcycle Electrical Parts (ElectroSport Industries): Fault Finding
http://www.electrosport.com/electrosport_fault_finding.html
Online Technical Writing: Instructions
(http://www.io.com/~hcexres/textbook/instrux.html)
The University of Mississippi Writing Center
(http://www.olemiss.edu/depts/writing_center/grabstract.html)
TASKS
1. Read through PANASONIC Bagless Vacuum Cleaner Instructions (I), and identify and work
on technical vocabulary (translation into Spanish). Then work on the description and aim of
those terms (to be for, to consist in/of, to help do/doing, to be used for, to be employed for,
so as to, etc). Spot word-compounds and suffixes.
2. Work on your assigned glossary. By the end of this week you should already have 90-150
terms.
Traditional applications
One of the more common applications
of microwave radio has been for
connecting SCADA (supervisory control
and data acquisition) remote terminal
units (RTU) to centralized operations
centers. These are the systems that
automate and centralize the monitoring,
control, and alarming of remote
equipment. SCADA provides a critical Microwave Communications Site
function in the operation of the power
grid, gas and oil pipelines, and the nations railways. Microwave radios high
availability and reliability provides operators with a secure link to all remote
sites.
Power utilities also use transfer trip or relay switching systems to protect their
infrastructure and to prevent large scale electrical outages. When these
systems sense a fault due to a downed power line or other event causing a
short in the power grid, they cause relays to trip and automatically isolate the
fault. A failure in the transfer trip network could cause irreparable damage to
expensive transformers and isolate millions of customers. Microwave radios are
used in power networks to provide extremely fast and reliable connections for
these transfer trip devices.
Furthermore, microwave radio is used to backhaul14 voice signals from land
mobile radio (LMR) base stations. LMR is the "push to talk" radio technology
14
To backhaul: to transport traffic between distributed sites (typically access points) and more
centralised points of presence
found in utility trucks and trains as well as hand-held radios. Most often, it uses
radio frequencies in the range of VHF and UHF bands to communicate between
radio base stations and mobile units. Often this is the only communications
available to the front line crews that maintain the utility infrastructure. To
provide optimal coverage, the radio base stations often are located on a
mountain or hilltop. These remote locations often preclude use of leased
telephone circuits or private lines to relay voice communication signals back to
a central radio dispatcher. Instead, communications departments prefer the high
reliability, lower cost, and full control associated with using microwave radio for
this backhaul application.
Another common application for microwave within critical infrastructure systems
is interfacility voice communications. Microwave radio offers a cost effective and
reliable alternative to leased lines, providing direct links between headquarters,
branch offices, and facilities such as power plants, substations, and
switchyards. They may carry everyday telephone conversations between
distributed PBX systems, or they may provide critical linkages between
centralize operations and major facilities.
For most traditional microwave applications such as those described above,
microwave radio capacity requirements are relatively low. A few T1s are
typically all that are needed. Channel banks are often supplied with the
One of the key features that makes microwave radio so attractive to critical
communications networks is the high reliability it provides. Often the mistaken
perception is that since microwave travels through the air, it is regularly
degraded by weather and climate conditions that cause it to fade resulting in
data errors and outages. While interference from other unlicensed systems in
the area.
Spread spectrum modulation has been found to have little benefit in this area,
so operators must opt for more conventional interference countermeasures
such as selecting (larger) antennas with narrower beamwidths, or designing
shorter paths. That doesnt mean that unlicensed radios should not be used for
critical communications applications. Certainly there is a fit for temporary
requirements, low-priority communications, and disaster recovery. Long term
solutions serving vital infrastructure should look more toward licensed
operation.
Some manufacturers even provide microwave radio equipment that can be
installed as unlicensed then converted to licensed operation at a later date with
minimal cost, thus allowing the ultimate in flexibility.
Planning a Microwave System
At first glance, planning for a microwave system can seem complicated;
CURSO 2008 - 2009
selected, this information can be combined with the initial network design to
finalize the required number and capacity of microwave links.
Path design is the process of determining what is required to meet your path
availability objectives. As previously stated, microwave links can be engineered
to provide better than 99.999% availability. This involves selecting the
microwave radio parameters such as frequency band and transmitter power, as
well as the height and size of antennas. Software programs are available to
assist in the process; however, there is a healthy dose of art and science
involved in good path design, so experience is essential. Fortunately, radio
manufacturers are willing and able to lend their expertise, as are a number of
wireless systems integrators and consulting engineers.
An important aspect of path design to consider is the field survey. The initial
path design, or feasibility study, can be performed using terrain measurements
from maps or extracted from electronic data. However, these resources dont
show heights of buildings and trees, or other current conditions. Therefore, it is
highly recommended that a field survey be performed especially on networks
with longer paths. Seemingly minor changes in site and antenna locations can
have dramatic impact on path performance and licensing. Ultimately it costs
less to have the path survey done up front rather than when equipment is
arriving on site and deadlines are fast approaching.
15
FCC: US Federal Communications Commission
networks.
The MDR-8000 operates in licensed point-
to-point microwave bands from 2 GHz to 11
GHz as authorized by the FCC and Industry
Canada. It also covers US federal
microwave frequencies at 1.7, 2.2, 4 and 7-8
GHz. The MDR-8000 may also be used in the
license-free 2.4 and 5.8 GHz bands, which
offers the unique ability to convert to licensed
operation without changing expensive RF
components within the radio. This capability
allows operators to turn up microwave links
immediately then convert to licensed
operation once frequency coordination has
been completed.
All high speed circuit formats are supported
by the MDR-8000. Capacity options are 2-16
DS1, 1-3 DS3, OC-3 and Ethernet
(10/100/1000 Base-T, auto-sensing and 1000
Base-T optical). Conversion from one capacity
to another is easily accomplished by using
one of 4 input/output interface modules (DS1,
DS3, OC-3 or Ethernet) and selecting a
capacity key which provisions the radio
channel throughput from 3 Mb/s to 155 Mb/s.
Mechanically, the MDR-8000 is the most compact microwave radio of its class.
A hot-standby radio stands only 12.25 inches [31.12 cm] tall (7 rack units). This
http://www.alcatel-lucent.com
THIS WEEKS QUOTE: Even the clearest water appears opaque at great
depth. Anonymous
RECOMMENDED SITES:
Acronym Finder (http://www.acronymfinder.com/)
English for Special Purposes: Business, Corporations, Law, Economics,
TASKS
1. Write down a possible abstract for the text. Next, provide at least six key-words (both in
English and in Spanish).
2. Text-structure. Fill in the texts headline division with sub-structural parts within each of
headlined divisions.
3. Your glossary on Electronics and Engineering should be enlarged in 30-50 new entries. By
the end of this week you should already have 120-200 terms.
4. Grammar exercises: make sentences out of the text contents using when..., at the same
time, after, before.
5. Grammar review: locate texts instances of prefixes, suffixes and compound nouns, if any.
6. Watch the following Metacafe video-clip: 40$ USB Spy Telescope
(http://www.metacafe.com/watch/1091833/40_usb_spy_telescope/) and then answer the
questions below:
6.1. What did you understand, roughly?
6.2. Generally speaking, what sort of audio text is it: tone, type of presentation, formal or
informal, target audience (is it a cheap or expensive product/presentation), etc. Why?
Give out reasons or textual clues to support your contention.
6.3. Lexicon: try to spot as many technical terms as possible (four items minimum).
6.4. What aspects or curiosities/particularities caught on your attention? Why? What kind of
video is it? What is its purpose or finality? (humorous, tutorial, essay, scientific or
entertainment, professional, home-baked/do-it-yourself (DIY) (ASAP)
7. Now, leaning on all the extracted information, make sentences on the video presentation.
8. Arrange/relate all those sentences using connectors, link words (first, then, therefore,
after ing, before ing, which, whose... (Depending on the students level of English
and linguistic fluency).
CURSO 2008 - 2009
used electrical switches to construct elaborate logic circuits, chose to use the
electron tube despite its size and tendency to fail.
During World War II, things began to change. Engineers undertook a bold
experiment to try to pack an entire radar set into an artillery shell. They called
their new device a proximity fuse, because it could destroy by being near a
target rather than requiring a direct hit. Even though they were a success,
proximity fuses still relied on electron tubes, albeit, quite tiny ones. After the
war, as missiles and rockets emerged, there was an increasing need for
compact, rugged electronic systems for communication and navigation. The
search was on for smaller and smaller electron tubes.
While some engineers worked on building better and smaller electron tubes,
others were looking for ways to do away with tubes altogether and turned to
semiconductors, a class of materials valued because they could be used as
diodes (a diode is a one-way valve for electricity). One was Russell Ohl of Bell
Telephone Laboratories. Ohl and his fellow researchers discovered that putting
two slightly different types of a semiconductor called germanium together
produced a device that acted like an electron tube
diode.
Chips, Anyone?
Integrated circuits (ICs) seem to be nearly everywheretheyre in places such
as your cars engine and your cars radio, telephones, iPods, and home
thermostats; theyre in virtually all the technologies you interact with every day
from ATMs to X-ray machines. And, of course, theyre in computers. Computers
were one of the first places where ICs took hold, and they remain among the
most recognizable technologies equipped
with ICs.
Despite their increasingly small size,
computers are extremely complicated
technological systems. Inside a computer are
a whole range of different chips that do
CURSO 2008 - 2009
Nanotechnology
With the integrated circuit growing smaller and smaller over the last decades,
one might wonder, can they get any tinier? Engineers working in the field of
nanotechnology believe they can and will. Nanotechnology refers to any new
technologya transistor, a tiny machine, a chemicalthat is put together atom-
by-atom or molecule-by-molecule. It usually also refers to the size of these
technologies, which is defined as being 100 nanometers or less. A nanometer is
one billionth of a meter. By comparison, today the smallest transistors on an IC
are about 200 nanometers in size.
Micromachining involves the creation of revolutionize the way things are made.
microscopic mechanical devices, like
that shown here. The legs belong to a In the 1990s micromachining emerged as
one of the first practical approaches to
spider mite placed to demonstrate scale.
Courtesy: Sandia National Laboratories.
creating nanotechnologies. Using etching
techniques pioneered in the field of
integrated circuits, engineers began
building microscopic machines with tiny
gears, levers, and rotors. While most of
these were simply demonstrations that
such things could be built, engineers
believed that these machines would soon
be used in practical systems, such as
microscopic, implantable, or injectable
pumps to deliver drugs inside the body.
Because of its relatively large scale, not
Nanotubes, which are made in a flask by a
everyone today agrees micromachining chemical process. Courtesy: National
should still be part of the nanotechnology Center of Competence in Research
field, but it did spawn the important field (Switzerland).
of micro-electro-mechanical systems
(MEMs). MEMs are currently used with integrated circuits, where tiny machines
are combined with electronics on a silicon chip.
The connection between nanotechnology and electronics grew stronger when
chip designers began to approach the limits of the miniaturization by
conventional techniques. In the mid-1960s Moores Law predicted that the size
of features on integrated circuits would shrink dramatically over time and, in
fact, transistors and other chip components shrank rapidly over the next four
however, believe that it holds the key to the next generation of electronic
devices, which will demand faster computational speeds and pack more
components into smaller spaces than has been possible before.
[http://www.ieee-virtual-museum.org/exhibit/exhibit.php?taid=&id=159270&lid=1&seq=1&view=]
RECOMMENDED SITES:
A History of Computers (http://www.maxmon.com/history.htm)
Grammar Tutorial (http://odl.vwv.at/english/odlres/res8/Grammar/grammar.htm)
CURSO 2008 - 2009
TASKS
The way in which the iButtons log data can be setup by the user prior to use.
This is called "missioning". Typically, during missioning the user chooses the
time to begin temperature/humidity readings, sets a sampling rate, sets high
and low alarm thresholds, and determines whether to rollover when the
readings fill up the datalog memory or to simply stop logging. This method of
data storage records when a critical thermal/humidity exposure occurs and
helps to assign accountability for any resulting loss of product quality.
Standard Thermochrons, the DS1921G, H, and Z also simultaneously store
each temperature sample in a histogram. The histogram memory consists of 63
bins in 2-degree increments for the DS1921G or 64 bins in 0.5-degree
increments for the DS1921H or Z. Each bin holds 65,500 temperature readings
for up to 10 years. The histogram method of data storage is perfect for
applications with a need for long-term monitoring but with less-strict accuracy
requirements. The higher capacity Thermochron and Hygrochron lines do not
have the histogram function, but they have nearly 4 times the data logging
memory.
Thermochron Family of Products
Our standard Thermochron, the DS1921G, logs temperatures over a wide
temperature range of -40C to 85C. The H and Z Thermochrons are our high-
resolution versions. The DS1921H is designed for the human temperature
range while the DS1921Z is designed for applications that need high resolution
around 0C.
The high capacity Thermochrons are the DS1922L, DS1922T, and the DS2422.
The DS1922L is the standard high capacity Thermochron iButton that logs
temperatures over the range of -40C to 85C. It has an 8192 byte temperature
log with accuracy correctible (by software) to 0.5C from -10C to +65C. It has
selectable 8-bit (0.5C) or 11-bit (0.0625C) resolution. The temperature log
values are also selectable (between 8-bit or 16-bit ). The DS1922T
Thermochron iButton is similar to the DS1922L only with a higher temperature
logging range (that can be used in manufacturing processes involving
sterilization techniques). The main differences between the two is that its
temperature range is 0C to 125C, and it's accuracy is software-correctible to
0.5C from 20C to +75C.
CURSO 2008 - 2009
Finally, the DS2422 operates the same way (through a 1-Wire interface), and
with the same functionality as the DS1922L. However, it is a packaged ic (24-
lead, 300-mil SO) that when connected to an optional analog-to-digital converter
(ADC) and a charge pump, application-specific dataloggers can be built (i.e.,
humidity, pressure, light sensor, material stress, etc).
Data
Temperature Humidity Temperature Temperature Humidity
Product Log
Range Range Accuracy* Resolution Resolution
Memory
-40C to 2048
DS1921G N/A 1C 0.5C N/A
85C bytes
DS1921H- 2048
15C to 46C N/A 1C 0.125C N/A
F5 bytes
2048
DS1921Z-F5 -5C to 26C N/A 1C 0.125C N/A
bytes
0.5C
0.5C
Software 8192
DS1922L -40C to 85C N/A or N/A
Correction bytes
0.0625C
(SC)
0.5C
8192
DS1922T 0C to 125C N/A 0.5C (SC) or N/A
bytes
0.0625C
or bytes
0.0625C
8-Bit
(0.6%RH)
0.5C
0 to 100% or 8192
DS1923 -20C to 85C 0.5C (SC) or
RH 12-Bit bytes
0.0625C
(0.04%RH)
RH
* Temperature accuracy denoted in this table is effective over most of the temperature range of
the part. For full-range accuracy, please refer to the part's datasheet.
http://www.maxim-ic.com/products/ibutton/ibuttons/thermochron.cfm?CMP=KNC-AI8240292136
Watch video at: http://www.maxim-ic.com/products/ibutton/videos/index.cfm
THIS WEEKS QUOTE: No matter how good teaching may be, each student
must take the responsibility for his own education. John Carolus S.J.
RECOMMENDED SITES:
Qu es un benchmark?
(http://www.monografias.com/trabajos/benchmark/benchmark.shtml)
Benchmark (computing) (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benchmark_(computing) )
Online Technical Writing: Information Structures Classification
(http://www.io.com/~hcexres/textbook/class.html)
TASKS:
1. In no more than 50 words, outline the texts main ideas.
2. Your bilingual glossary on Electronics should be enlarged in 50 entries. By the end of this
week you should have between 180 and 300 new terms.
3. Make a comparative list of Thermochron and Hygrochrons characteristics and applications.
16
Benchmark: method of comparing the performance of various subsystems across different
chip/system architectures. Comparative list in table/grid format.
THIS WEEKS QUOTE: The important thing in life is not the triumph but the
struggle. Pierre de Coubertin
RECOMMENDED SITES:
Adverb Clauses - Cause and Effect Relationships
(http://a4esl.org/q/h/mb/adv_cause.html)
Establishing Cause & Effect
(http://www.socialresearchmethods.net/kb/causeeff.php)
TASKS
The Problem:
How to carry out the masonry work, lay conduits, wire the system
and install the control and lightning devices correctly in a typical
apartment with view to saving time during the initial installation,
subsequent maintenance and enable the installation to be extended in
future if necessary.
The Answer:
Use the right tools, follow the instructions as illustrated.
We recommend the use of Gewiss products which have been specially
designed and co-ordinated to facilitate the work of the installer.
In a particular manner, for flush installations, the 50 AC Range shows
CURSO 2008 - 2009
black heavy flexible insulating conduits (floor installations) and RAL 7035
grey light flexible insulating conduits (wall installations).
Gewiss. 1996. Handbook Basic Application Gewiss (English). Bergamo: Gewiss spa, pp. 10-11
11. How to wire a single pole one-way 13. Press the plate onto the support
switch until it clicks into place
12. Fix the switch onto the support 14. the plate may be removed using
appropriate tools.
THIS WEEKS QUOTE: Never seem more learned than the people you are
with. Wear your learning like a pocket watch17 and keep it hidden. Do not
pull it out to count the hours, but give the time when you are asked.
Lord Chesterfield (1694 - 1773)
RECOMMENDED SITES:
English Online - Writing Skills instructions
(http://www.englishonline.co.uk/englishnon/literacy/literacy11-14/instruct.html)
Englishpage.com (http://www.englishpage.com/index.html)
17
Pocket watch: a strapless personal timepiece that is carried in a pocket. The display is
traditionally analogue.
TASKS:
1. What is the gist of the above text? Make a brief summary [Maximum 50 words]
2. Identify technical vocabulary (to be included in your lexicon project) and explain their use.
Keep in mind GEWISS TOOL FRAMES, from unit 3. By the end of this week you should
have between 240 and 400 new terms.
3. Watch the following You Tube video-clip: VoIP Security Threats
(http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UA1quyLOTdg)
3.1. What is IP PBX used for?
3.2. Why no In-bound or Out-bound calls can be made?
4. Go frame by frame follow up number order and describe the installation process in the
light of the written suggestions under each frame: Use of infinitives and modals (must,
should, passives: should be done, is done, is used...) and cohesive connectors (first,
ENGLISH
Before using the vacuum cleaner, please observe these basic precautions.
WARNING: To reduce the risk of fire, electric shock or injury
This appliance is not intended for use by young children or infirm person without
supervision.
Do not use the appliance is the mains lead or plug is damaged or faulty.
This appliance is provided with a mains lead and if this comes damaged, it must be
repaired by an Authorised Service Centre or qualified person in order to avoid any hazard.
Unplug from the socket when not in use and before cleaning the appliance or undertaking
maintenance operations.
Turn off the appliance before removing the plug. Do not pull on the mains; always pull on
the plug body itself.
Do not handle plug or vacuum cleaner with wet hands.
CURSO 2008 - 2009
When empty the dust compartment, make sure to close the cover to avoid dust leakage.
Do not use wet filters after wash, make sure they are completely dry to avoid damaging the
cleaner.
Do not vacuum flammable or combustible substances, neither use in areas where they may
be present.
Do not vacuum hot ash, embers or large and sharp object.
Do not vacuum water or other liquids.
Keep the vacuum cleaner away from heat sources such as radiators, fires, direct sunlight,
etc.
This vacuum cleaner is fitted with a thermal cut-out device which automatically turns off the
cleaner to prevent overheating of the motor. When this happens, disconnect the cleaner
from the mains socket and check the dust compartment and filters as they may be full or
clogged with fine dust. Check for any other obstructions in the hose or tube. After removing
the obstruction, leave the cleaner to cool down until the thermal cut-out resets after
approximately 40 minutes.
A) Suction inlet
B) Connection pipe
C) Hose
D) Curved pipe
E) Manual suction control
F) Extension tube (optional)
G) Telescopic tube
H) Floor nozzle [a] [b] (depending on model)
I) Dusting brush
J) Crevice nozzle
K) ON/OFF Switch button / Variable power control
L) Cord rewind button
M) Handle
N) Dust compartment handle
O) Dust compartment cover
P) Main Filter A
Q) Main Filter B
R) Pre-filter
S) Maximum dust level mark
T) Dust compartment
U) Rear cover
V) Exhaust cover
W) Parquet floor nozzle (depending on model)
B-1 Insert the connection pipe into the suction inlet and turn the pipe to the right.
B-2 Telescopic tube. Keep hold of the tube grip and pull out the tube to the required length.
B-3 Extension tube (Optional). Fit together the two tubes by twisting slightly.
B-4 Fit together curved tube and extension or telescopic tube by twisting slightly.
B-5 Fit together the end of the tube and the nozzle pipe by twisting slightly.
C-1 Floor nozzle [a] [b] (depending on model). The floor nozzle is equipped with a pedal,
which allows you to alter its position according to the type of floor to be cleaned.
C-2 Parquet floor nozzle (depending on model). For the gentle cleaning of parquet and hard
floors.
C-3 Cord rewind button (L). Pull out the total length of the mains lead and plug into the
socket. To rewind the cord, press the button. NOTE: Please hold the plug to prevent it
D MAINTENANCE
IMPORTANT: Empty the dust compartment before the dust reaches the dust maximum mark.
If there is any piece of paper, cotton or other similar trapped on the pre-filter. Remove it to avoid
loss of suction power.
NOTE: When vacuuming fine dust, such as power or similar, there may be a loss of suction
power. If this happens, empty the dust compartment and check for possible dust trapped on
filters.
D-5 To clean the pre-filter, press the locks at both sides of dust compartment and remove the
dust compartment cover.
D-6 Clean the pre-filter by brushing the dust off with a soft brush.
D-7 To clean the main filter A and B remove the dust compartment cover.
D-8 Remove dust accumulated in the main filter A and B by tapping them against a hard
surface. NOTE: If dust remains on main filter A, replace with the spare and carry out
further cleaning detailed following described. Re-assemble filters and dust compartment
cover in the reverse order.
D-9 Insert claws in to dust compartment cover slots and close.
D-10 Place back dust compartment and press until it clicks.
NOTE: To clean or replace the filters, remove the dust compartment and take out dust
compartment cover.
CURSO 2008 - 2009
D-11 Remove dust accumulated in the filters by tapping them against a hard surface. If after
having removed the dust there is not enough airflow, clean them out in warm water or
replace with a new one.
CAUTIONS
DO NOT use detergents or other cleaning fluids to clean the filters. They may
deteriorate the plastic.
DO NOT use hot air or hot surface to dry filters. Keep at room temperature for
approximately 24 hours.
IMPORTANT: Before re-installing the washable filters, make sure they are
completely dry to avoid damaging the cleaner.
Central filter
NOTE: For ease of access to the central filter, remove the dust compartment.
D-12 Take out the central filter and remove dust by tapping it against a hard surface. If dust
remains on the central filter, replace it with a new one and re-install.
Electrostatic clean air filter (depending on model)
D-13 To replace the electrostatic clean air filter, press the exhaust cover lock and take it out.
D-14 Remove the filter support and take out the electrostatic clean air filter with a new one
and re-install in the reverse order.
HEPA Filter (depending on model)
NOTE: Even if HEPA Filter appears not to require replacement, we recommend to change it
once a year.
D-15 To replace the HEPA filter, press the exhaust cover lock and take it out. Replace the
HEPA filter with a new one and re-install in the reverse order.
IMPORTANT: Make sure the rubber seal of the HEPA filter is faced inside the cleaner.
Model Number:
Serial n: ..
Date purchased: .
Where purchased: ..
THEORY: Grammar review: Use of hedges. The modals will, can/could, and
may/might. The modals must, have to, should, ought to and need. Direct
and indirect instructions and warnings. Problems and actions. Fault-
finding charts18. Practising instructional information. Developing skills.
RECOMMENDED SITES:
Englishpage.com (http://www.englishpage.com/index.html)
Modal Verb Tutorial (http://www.englishpage.com/modals/modalintro.html)
TASKS:
18
Fault Finding Chart, fault-find list, faulty list: A fault finding diagnosis chart may be
provided to identify faults given particular patterns. One of the terms used in Spanish is Tabla
de comprobacin de errores.
should always be prepared for the interview by anticipating questions that are
likely to be asked. Apart from personal details and qualifications, the interviewer
will pose questions that will help him or her find the right candidate. Although
these questions may be challenging, they are not meant to trap, find fault with
or penalize the candidate.
Some examples are:
What are your career objectives?
What courses did you take up, and why?
What was it you did particularly well at in school?
What is your main area of experience?
What are the main responsibilities in your present job?
How much time do you spend on each aspect of your job?
Which aspect of the job do you like most?
What are the main problem areas in your job?
Do you have solutions for these problems?
Why do you want to leave your present employer?
If offered this job, what are your expectations of the first year?
What do you see yourself doing in five years' time?
How will you benefit from this job?
Is there anyone you have difficulty working with?
What are your strengths?
What are your weaknesses?
The interviewer has two methods of judging your suitability for the job.
First, by questioning you and evaluating the things about you and your
experience, based on what you tell him.
Second, by observing person-to-person how you handle the interview.
Qualifications are necessary for certain professional jobs. So make sure you
possess the formal qualifications required or the experience needed when
applying for that particular position. It is important to show your knowledge and
interest of the relevant professional institution in your field of work, as this will
also reflect your enthusiasm towards the profession.
Adjustments mean adaptation to life in general, and work in particular. The
interviewer would like to know whether you have a good capacity to withstand
stress, whether you are always in control even in the most unfavourable
situations, whether you are emotionally stable, and whether you can do things
on your own initiative.
Most important of all, your friendly or hostile relationship with the people around
you. Impact on others means anything from the use of simple language, the
way you speak, the way you dress, to your physical appearance throughout the
interview.
If you can talk from your own personal experience using real life situations,
make sense of things happen around you, think in terms of things and not
people, you are more likely to give an impression of a mature person and a
problem-solver much in demand by any employer.
Motivation and achievement are two important indicators of your general
CURSO 2008 - 2009
attitudes toward work and career. Assessment will be based on the following:
Can you motivate yourself and work on your own initiative?
Do you set yourself goals and achievements?
Can you get things done even when faced with difficulties?
Are you a dreamer or an action-driven person?
Have you long-term career objectives?
Have you reached the level one would expect for your age or qualifications?
Which kind of work or activity has given you the most satisfaction?
Are you a person who can deliver on time and meet deadlines?
Do you present your boss with problems or solutions?
Do you have the initiative to finish work?
Do you pay attention to detail?
Do you perform well when the going gets tough?
Are you good at problem solving?
The interviewer will not ask the above questions directly as the answers should
come from what you have accomplished, not what you plan to do in future. The
interviewer will skillfully find out the answers by asking what you have been
involved in, your interests, your strengths, your weaknesses, the challenges in
your pursuit of knowledge or previous work, your perception of yourself, your
dreams and objectives in life.
If you are honest with yourself in the interview, you can avoid being worried
about inconsistency in your answers. Never mind if the first impression you give
is imperfect to the interviewer. The worst thing that could happen is when you
lie about yourself, and have the interviewer sense it before the end of the
interview session.
http://mcleon.tripod.com/intervw.htm
THIS WEEKS QUOTE: Whenever you are asked if you can do a job, tell 'em,
'Certainly I can!' Then get busy and find out how to do it. Theodore
Roosevelt (1858 - 1919)
RECOMMENDED SITES:
Department of Electronic Engineering (Queen Mary, University of London):
Career and Profession (http://www.elec.qmul.ac.uk/study/ug/career.htm)
Engineering Technicians (http://www.bls.gov/oco/ocos112.htm)
TASKS:
6. Some authors advise you to pose some questions to the interviewer. Do you think straight
questions on your part might work?
7. This text is connected to other sites on what you should prepare, and what you should not
do during an interview (see http://mcleon.tripod.com/salary.htm 10 Best Tips to Win Salary
Negotiations). Try to compare the pieces of advice offered with what you might be
expected to do in Spain. Do you agree with the points? (Three-line commentary)
8. According to the text, what are interviews intended for? Do you agree with the statement
Although these questions may be challenging, they are not meant to trap, find fault with or
penalize the candidate?
9. What are the five areas that help the interviewer select the right person for the right job? Do
you agree with the author? Justify your answer.
10. Why is it so important that interviewees should be honest during the whole process? How
much honest? What if we, accidentally, slid some minor inaccuracies?
11. What is the part of this text that has impressed you the most? Why? Justify your answer.
12. Answer extensively 3 of the questions from the questionnaire on motivation and
achievement.
13. Finally, you are offered the job. However, you are not very happy with the wages, although
the post seems attractive. Should you accept it immediately? What advice could you take?
14. OPTIONAL WORK: Write a suitable CV/Rsum, together with the accompanying cover
letter to apply for the post shown below:
CURSO 2008 - 2009
CORONILLA
The Company
Our client is a well known international Company from the alcoholic beverage sector,
currently operating in the Spanish market.
Being among the top three global players in its area, the company is operating in a
multi-billion dollar market and there is a challenging sales and marketing task ahead: to
gain market share from the local and international competition.
As the most important factor for success will be outstanding professionals to develop
and implement a business strategy and achieve clearly defined business objectives, we
are currently recruiting a highly skilful and entrepreneurial character, who will manage
and ensure continued growth of the companys activities in Spain in conjunction with
the local partner.
The Role
Working closely with the licensed brewing partner, Dramm at their head office, your
main tasks will include the following:
Delivering annual volume and profit targets
Working with the partner to establish the targets in areas such as product mix,
sales volume, market share, or business development and monitor the
performance of the organisation against these goals
Contribute to strategic planning and decision-making to develop and implement
a business development strategy. This includes the development of sales and
marketing plans
Daily operating management in the key areas including annual marketing plan,
sales strategy, and packaging decisions
Identification and presentation of issues and opportunities to senior
management across the market
Development of annual budgets and five-year plans and on-going monitoring &
reporting of performances
Coordination of activities with other Company departments to include
Marketing, Brewing, Operations, Finance, Accounting, Transportation,
Purchasing, Government Affairs, and Legal
Manage and develop one direct report who is responsible for the Canaries as
well as Trade Marketing for Spain
One thing that blogging and good copywriting share is a conversational style,
and that means its fine to fracture the occasional rule of proper grammar in
order to communicate effectively. Both bloggers and copywriters routinely end
sentences with prepositions, dangle a modifier in a purely technical sense, or
make liberal use of the ellipsis when an EM dash is the correct choiceall in
order to write in the way people actually speak.
But there are other mistakes that can detract from your credibility. While we all
hope that what we have to say is more important than some silly grammatical
error, the truth is that some people will not subscribe or link to your blog if you
make dumb mistakes when you write, and buying from you will be out of the
question.
Here are five mistakes to avoid when blogging and writing web copy.
CURSO 2008 - 2009
19
The term ragamuffin (or raggamuffin) is used to refer to a child clothed in shabby, ill-fitting or
dirty clothes.
RECOMMENDED SITES:
10 Tips for writing business emails that say the right thing about you
(http://www.mftrou.com/writing-business-emails.html)
Business Email Is Not A Teenage Chat Room
(http://management.about.com/od/communication/a/Email_stds04.htm)
Formats of Business Writing (http://lcb1.uoregon.edu/rseverso/199/formats.htm)
Guide to Basic Business Letters
(http://esl.about.com/cs/onthejobenglish/a/a_basbletter.htm)
Netiquette (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Netiquette)
Writing Business Letters - English for Special Purposes Core Vocabulary
(http://esl.about.com/library/lexical/bllexlist_commletters1.htm)
CURSO 2008 - 2009
TASKS:
20
E-mail: short for electronic mail and often abbreviated to e-mail, email or simply mail. The
e-mail form is becoming increasingly rare in English, where it may also be used as a verb.
21
CEO: Chief Executive Officer or chief executive is the highest-ranking corporate officer,
administrator, corporate administrator, executive, or executive officer in charge of total
management of a corporation, company, organization, or agency.
system and the organization. This feasibility study includes factors like
scalability, how to install, how to develop and so on. This feasibility study
in short includes the analysis of technical areas. This analysis helps the
efficiency of the system developed to get improved. This is because by
choosing the correct technology by making analysis on the needs of
system helps in improving the efficiency of the system.
The above feasibilities are analysis which helps in development of the
system. But the scope of feasibility study does not end with this. Analysis
or feasibility study also includes the analysis of maintenance stage. In
other words feasibility study is made to analyze how one would maintain
the system during maintenance stage. This helps sin planning for this
stage and also helps in risk analysis. Also the analysis helps in making
analysis about what training must be given and how and what all
documents must be prepared to help users and developers to face
maintenance phase.
Advantages of making Feasibility study:
There are many advantages of making feasibility study some of which are
summarized below:
This study being made as the initial step of software development life cycle has
[http://www.exforsys.com/tutorials/programming-concepts/feasibility-study-why-needed-before-
programming.html]
THIS WEEKS QUOTE: "I have learnt much from my teachers and from my
colleagues more than from my teachers, but from my disciples more than
from them all." B. Taanit 7a)
RECOMMENDED SITES:
Writing a Feasibility Study (http://www.nfsmi.org/Information/cfs/chapter4.pdf])
Writing Engineering Reports
(http://www.eng.wayne.edu/legacy/MSE130/REPORT.html)
TASKS:
1. Write down a prcis of the above text. Find out the underlying structure of the text,
identifying the main idea as developed in each paragraph.
CURSO 2008 - 2009
2. Identify and comment conditional constructions. Textual analysis (questions and topics to
be suggested by the teacher).
3. Devise an overview draft of a feasibility study. Students should work in teams, and work on
the item/product of their choice. They are requested to follow up the advice and formal
protocols covered in Writing a Feasibility Study.
(http://www.nfsmi.org/Information/cfs/chapter4.pdf)
4. By now, your Electronics Engineering Glossary should be finished, comprising around 360-
600 common terms. Be ready to hand a hard-copy electronic version on CD-Rom, if
required to do so, during your final presentation.
5. Watch the following You Tube video-clip: Renewable Energy: Wind Power
(http://es.youtube.com/watch?v=klFoqqgLHCA&feature=related) and then answer the
questions below:
5.1. What is the gist of video? Make a brief summary in 30-50 words.
5.2. According to the video, what is the difference between bad power and good power?
What might be the reason?
6. Your group should be finishing the presentation material. Start rehearsing to check times,
language, slides and media, and support material.
RECOMMENDED SITES:
Hints for Your Oral Presentations
(http://www.bio.davidson.edu/courses/Bio111/Bio111LabMan/Preface%20A.htm
l)
How To Speak In Public To A Group
(http://management.about.com/od/communication/ht/PublicSpeaking6.htm)
Language Skills Handbook On-line Edition
(http://www.etsu.edu/scitech/langskil/toc.htm)
CURSO 2008 - 2009
TASKS:
1. Imagine you were to present a given topic on your degree, e.g. (Renewal energies)
before a suitable audience. Whats the general lay out you would use for your
transparencies? Is there any web-site devoted to public presentations and laying out
slides/transparencies? Give reasons, as well as web-addresses (Please, note well: your
suggestions should be different from YouTube video 5 Quick Tips to Effective Public
Speaking, already included below).
2. Watch the following You Tube video-clip: 5 Quick Tips to Effective Public Speaking , and
then answer the questions:
(http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xcMOzkne8ko&feature=related)
2.1. How does the speaker rate herself as a public speaker?
2.2. Name the five tips she mentions, together with, if possible, a piece of advice she may
give.
3. Look for a web-site tutorial, and, if possible, a video-tutorial (YouTube, Metacafe,
DailyMotion, etc.) on public presentations/speech deliveries.
4. By this week, your group should have finished the presentation material, and would be
about to deliver it. If given the opportunity, do check all the text twice with your lecturers. On
Presentation Day you are advised to be suitably attired, and bring along with you, not only
your lap-tops or USB flash-memory disks (memo-sticks), but also a very detailed script of
all the procedure: Who comes first, what visual aid is to be shown, etc. DIN A-5 sheets of
paper, printed on font size 14, double-spaced, are preferred to loose, DIN A-4 sheets,
printed on font size 12 (or even 10!!), and single-spaced.
5. Read thoroughly all your presentation material, especially visual aids, and try to answer
these questions:
5.1. Is everything written in English?
5.2. Is the spelling correct?
5.3. Do you know how to pronounce all difficult and/or technical words? Are you really
100% sure? (Are you sure, indeed?)
5.4. Are all quotes, prices, measures presented in an intelligible way? (i.e., in euros instead
of pounds sterling or US dollars; in metres instead of inches, etc.).
5.5. Have all group members been assigned time slots and tasks? (All of you should
present a part of the topic, during an average of 5-7 minutes. The spoken language
should be English).
6. Do check that ALL group members can deliver their part in a maximum of only 7 minutes.
You will not be given extra points if you stay longer, or try to deliver a very difficult topic.
ANNEXES
1. a) is
2. b) doesnt
3. b) much
4. a) is
5. c) dont
6. c) play
7. a) Would you like?
8. b) went
9. c) didnt like
10. a) was
11. c) has
12. c) has lost
13. b) Have you
14. c) would
15. a) would
16. b) could
CURSO 2008 - 2009
[http://www.technotetime.com/eecartoons.asp]
Gewiss. 1996. Handbook Basic Application Gewiss (English). Bergamo: Gewiss spa. Page 8
Gewiss. 1996. Handbook Basic Application Gewiss (English). Bergamo: Gewiss spa. Page 9
Basic concepts:
Association between graphic symbols
and Gewiss products
CURSO 2008 - 2009
Gewiss. 1996. Handbook Basic Application Gewiss (English). Bergamo: Gewiss spa, p. 28
Basic concepts:
Association between graphic symbols
and Gewiss products
Gewiss. 1996. Handbook Basic Application Gewiss (English). Bergamo: Gewiss spa, p. 29
Who better?
Many business people faced with the task of writing for
marketing purposes are quick to say:
Hey, Im no Hemingway!
But really, who better than Hemingway to emulate? Rather
than embracing the flowery prose of the literati, he chose
to eschew obfuscation at every turn and write simply and
clearly.
So lets see what Ernest can teach us about effective writing.
1. Use short sentences.
Hemingway was famous for a terse minimalist style of writing that dispensed
with flowery adjectives and got straight to the point. In short, Hemingway wrote
with simple genius.
CURSO 2008 - 2009
Perhaps his finest demonstration of short sentence prowess was when he was
challenged to tell an entire story in only 6 words:
For sale: baby shoes, never used.
2. Use short first paragraphs.
See opening.
3. Use vigorous English.
Heres David Garfinkels take on this one:
Its muscular, forceful. Vigorous English comes from passion, focus
and intention. Its the difference between putting in a good effort and
TRYING to move a boulder and actually sweating, grunting,
straining your muscles to the point of exhaustion and MOVING the
freaking thing!
4. Be positive, not negative.
Since Hemingway was not necessarily the cheeriest guy in the world, what does
he mean by be positive? Basically, you should say what something is rather
than what it isnt.
This is what Michel Fortin calls using up words:
By stating what something isnt can be counterproductive since it is
still directing the mind, albeit in the opposite way. If I told you that
dental work is painless for example, youll still focus on the word
pain in painless.
Instead of saying inexpensive, say economical,
Anecdotes are quick stories that can make people laugh or immediately
establish the main point of your post. A nice quote from a recognizable authority
or famous person can also work wonders when holding attention in those
crucial opening seconds.
3. Invoke the Minds Eye
Producing a mental image in a readers mind is one of the most powerful things
you can ever do as a writer, so expressly engaging the imagination is a
powerful opening technique. Activate the minds eye of the reader by using
words like imagine, picture this, do you remember when, etc.
4. Use an Analogy, Metaphor or Simile
Analogies, metaphors and similes are some of the most powerful devices
available when it comes to telling a story in a single sentence. This is a great
way to capture a readers attention and also acts to provoke mental imagery
that allows readers to tell a story to themselves.
5. Cite a Shocking Statistic
Starting off with an interesting factoid is also a great technique. People love
being provided with interesting data, but only if it is unique, startling, or even
shocking. The statistic should also be directly relevant to the point of your post
as well.
Bonus Tip: The third most important part of your blog post is the closing. A
great way to close is to tie back into your opening.
So, which of the 5 techniques did I NOT use in the opening to this post?
[http://www.copyblogger.com/5-simple-ways-to-open-your-blog-post-with-a-bang/]
EMPLOYMENT OBJECTIVE
Supervising technicians and engineers in an electronics Industry or business with possibility for
full management responsibilities.
WORK EXPERIENCE
EDUCATION
SPECIAL QUALIFICATIONS
[PICKETT, N.A. & LASTER, A.A. 1996 (7th ed.) Technical English.
Writing, Reading & Speaking. New York: HarperCollins (p. 285)]
CAPABILITIES Use Macintosh and IBM computers with ease and efficiency
Analyze large amounts of data into organized financial
statistics
Use Lotus and other spreadsheet programs and train others
Use automated accounting system to produce monthly
statements
Manage workers efficiently and effectively
Keep accurate records of large numbers of accounts
EDUCATION
1994-1996 JOHN WILLIAMS COMMUNITY COLLEGE
AAS Degree-Computer Programming
WORK EXPERIENCE
1994-1996 John Williams Community College
Part-time Big Rapids, MI
Night Supervisor
[PICKETT, N.A. & LASTER, A.A. 1996 (7th ed.) Technical English.
Writing, Reading & Speaking. New York: HarperCollins. (p. 283)]
THOMAS D. DAVIS
tddavis@AOL.COM
MACHINE SKILLS: Can operate all common machine shop tools, such as lathes,
EMPLOYMENT:
1978-Present Barron Enterprises, Engineering Division, Nye, MA 01047
Fabrication Superintendent
Processing Supervisor
[PICKETT, N.A. & LASTER, A.A. 1996 (7th ed.) Technical English.
Writing, Reading & Speaking. New York: HarperCollins.(p. 284)]
MODELO DE EXAMEN22
Apellidos Nombre
NIF/NIE: Correo Electrnico
Lectura Vocabulario Redaccin Media
After reading the text below, decide whether the underneath statements are true or false. Justify
your answer. You may need to use your know-how knowledge as well as information from the
text.
A metal detector is essential for today's amateur treasure hunter. But only the most
expensive detector can reveal the difference between worthless items, such as pull-ring
tops from soft drink cans or silver foil, and a rare find such as the gold necklace
discovered by one enthusiast last year.
Electronic metal detectors use the principle of electromagnetic induction. This means
that, if an object is placed in a changing magnetic field, an electrical voltage is created
CURSO 2008 - 2009
in the object. In a metal detector, an electronic current is passed through a coil of wire,
called the search coil, to create a magnetic field. An alternating current (AC) generator
converts the direct current (DC) from the battery into the AC needed to drive the coil.
As AC regularly reverses direction, it produces the necessary ever-changing magnetic
field.
Currents are created in a metal object which comes within this magnetic field by a
process known as induction. This is because all metals conduct electricity. When a
current is induced in a metal object (for example, a buried coin), this in turn produces its
own magnetic fields. These magnetic fields are capable of inducing a small amount of
electricity in the detector's search coil itself.
The simplest kind of metal detector is the pulse induction type. A powerful current is
passed from the battery through the search coil and the switched off. The pulse of
magnetism causes current to flow in any target objects below the ground. But unlike the
current in the search coil, the current in the object cannot be switched off; it has to die
away naturally. As it dies, the current in the object reactivates the search coil. This
voltage is the amplified to indicate with a sound or a flashing light that an object has
been found.
The effectiveness of a metal detector depends on the size and position of the object and
how far beneath the ground it is buried. For example a coin buried edge-on to the search
coil is much harder to detect than the same coin buried face up.
22
The length of the text and the type of reading comprehension questions of the Reading Text
Section may vary from one exam to the next. Lecturers may also consider including,
occasionally, other sections, such as, e.g., a Practical Grammar Section, with a battery of
grammar exercises. Unless otherwise stated, the entire exam is to be completed in English.
1. Any metal detector can discriminate between gold and other metals.
5. The metal detector can only locate metals which contain iron or are magnetic.
8. All metal detectors are fitted with a flashing light to show when an object has
been found.
10. A coin horizontal to the surface is more difficult to detect than one vertical to the
surface.
Give the Spanish equivalents of the following computer terms, and a BRIEF definition in
English. E.g.: Ohm [Ohmio] Unit of resistance ()
Array
Block diagram
Capacitor
Coil
CURSO 2008 - 2009
LED
Microwave
PNP transistor
Resistance
Snow
Thermistor
A small block of residence (some 50 neighbours), would like to have a TV Closed Circuit
(TVCC) installed in their premises. You have found out to be a relatively old building (over
twenty years). However, the mains and existing wires are in good condition, although brand-
new materials are strongly recommended. Budget to be spent should not be higher than 300,00
. Now, in no less than 150 words, no more than 200, write the abstract to the Feasibility Study,
with your recommendations, needs and wants.
Key Words: