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TRABAJO COLABORATIVO 3
METODOS NUMRICOS
Grupo:
Tutor:
INTRODUCCIN
OBJETIVOS
OBJETIVO GENERAL
OBJETIVOS ESPECIFICOS
Ejemplo 1:
Ejercicio diferencia hacia atrs
Sea la funcin f(x) = Ln(x) tan ( gx) calcular la derivada por mtodos numricos en
el punto x=4 con h= 0.1 aplicando la formula diferencia hacia atrs
1. Se realiza tabla
Frmula
f ( x0 ) f ( x 01)
f ( x0 )=
h
se remplazala formula
1.60501.2849
f ( x0 )= =3.201
0.1
Se calcula el error
V v V a
Vv
Er =
| |
3.5343.201
E= X 100=9.4
3.534
NOTA: 3.534 valor verdadero de la derivada
f ( x0 ) 2 f ( x 01 ) + f ( x 02)
f ( x0 )= 2
h
se remplazala formula
1.60502 ( 1.2894 ) +1.0326
f ( x0 )= 2
=5.88
( 0.1)
Se calcula el error
Formula
Er = | V v V a
Vv |
8.6115.88
E= X 100=31.71
8.611
Formula
3 f ( x0 ) 4 f ( x 01 ) + f ( x 02)
f ' ' ( x0 )=
2h
reemplazamosla formula
x
3 ( 1.6050 )4 ( 1.2894 ) +1.0326
( 0)= =3.45
2 ( 0.1 )
f ''
Se calcula el error
Formula
|
V v V a
Er =
Vv |
3.5343.45
E= x 100=2.3
3.534
METODOS NUMERICOS_100401_30
Formula
2 f ( x 0 ) 5 f ( x 01 ) + 4 f ( x 0 2 )f (x 03)
f ' ' ( x0 )=
h2
Se reemplaza la formula
2 ( 1.6050 )5 ( 1.2894 ) + 4 ( 1.0326 )0.8173
f ' ' ( x )=0
=7.61
( 0.1 )2
Se calcula error
Formula
Er = | V v V a
Vv |
8.6117.61
E= x 100=11.6
8.611
Ejemplo 2:
En este siguiente ejemplo, encontraremos una tabla, en el cual se muestra la
posicin para determinado tiempo de una partcula movindose en el espacio.
Debemos calcular la posible aceleracin de la misma. Si la partcula describe un
movimiento parablico dado por f ( t )=r 2 calcule el error de la aceleracin
aproximada.
j Tj xj
0 0 0
1 0.01 0.0001
2 0.02 0.0004
3 0.03 0.0009
4 0.04 0.0016
5 0.05 0.0025
Para este caso podemos calcular la aceleracin en t=0.01, 0.002, 0.003 y 0.04.
1
f (0.01) 2
[0.00042 ( 0.0001 ) + 0] 2
0.01
METODOS NUMERICOS_100401_30
1 1
f (0.01) [ ] 2
0.012
5000
1
f (0.02) [0.00092 ( 0.0004 )+ 0.0001] 2
0.012
1 1
f (0.01) [ ] 2
0.01 5000
2
1
f (0.03) [0.00162 ( 0.0009 )+ 0.0004] 2
0.012
1 1
f (0.03) [ ] 2
0.01 2
5000
1
f (0.04) [0.00252 ( 0.0016 ) +0.0009] 2
0.012
1 1
f (0.04) [ ] 2
0.01 5000
2
2 2
x3 x3
a. 1+ x1 /2 dx 1+ x dx
0 0
(ba)
La longitud de un subintervalo: h= h=0,5
n
x x
i xi ( i) m ( i)
f mf
0 2,000 3,313708 1 3,313708
1 1,500 1,517028 2 3,034056
2 1,000 0,500000 2 1,000000
3 0,500 0,073223 2 0,146447
4 0,000 0,000000 1 0,000000
7,4942108722
2
x3
1+ x dx h2 =1,8735527180
0
b. 3 x (e x )dx
1
(ba)
La longitud de un subintervalo: h= h=0,25
n
x x
i xi ( i) m ( i)
f mf
0 2,000 2,453991 1 2,453991
1 1,750 2,159490 2 4,318979
2 1,500 1,887315 2 3,774629
METODOS NUMERICOS_100401_30
15,2112674010
3 x (e x )dx h2 =1,9014084251
1
3 4
ex x
a . dx b . e ( x ) dx
1 x 2
3
ex
Integracin1: dx
1 x
e1 e 1.5
f ( x0 )= =2.718 f ( x 1 )= =2.987
1 1.5
2 2.5
e e
f ( x 2 )= =3.694 f ( x 3 )= =4.873
2 2.5
e 3,0
f ( x4 )= =6.695
3,0
Reemplazamos
f ( x4 )
f ( x 3 ) +
f ( x 2 ) +4
f ( x 1) + 2
f ( x0 )+ 4
h
f ( x)
3
b
f ( 6.695 )
f ( 4.873 ) +
f ( 3.694 )+ 4
f ( 2.987 ) +2
f ( 2.718 )+ 4
0,5
f ( x)
3
b
a
b
f ( x ) 0,16748.248
a
3
ex
x dx=8.041
1
METODOS NUMERICOS_100401_30
ba 31 2
x= = = = x=0,50
n 4 4
Se calculan las coordenadas
X i=a+i x
e1 e 1.5
f ( x0 )= =2.718 f ( x 1 )= =2.987
1 1.5
e2 e 2.5
f ( x 2 )= =3.694 f ( x 3 )= =4.873
2 2.5
e 3,0
f ( x4 )= =6.695
3,0
Reemplazamos
f ( x4 )
f ( x 3 ) +
f ( x2 ) +3
f ( x1 ) +3
f ( x 0 ) +3
3h
f ( x)
8
b
a
METODOS NUMERICOS_100401_30
Reemplazamos
f ( 6.695 )
f ( 4.873 ) +
f ( 3.694 )+3
f ( 2.987 ) +3
f ( 2.718 ) +3
b
f (x) 0,53 8
a
b
f ( x ) 0,18844.075
a
3 x
ex dx=8.286
1
4
x
Integracin 2: e ( x ) dx
2
2 2.5
f ( x 0 ) =e ( 2 )=5.122 f ( x 1 )=e ( 2.5 ) =11.162
Reemplazamos
f ( x4 )
f ( x 3 ) +
f ( x 2 ) +4
f ( x 1) + 2
f ( x0 )+ 4
h
f ( x)
3
b
a
f ( 75.689 )
f ( 41.485 ) +
f ( 22.067 )+4
f ( 11.162 )+2
f ( 5.122 ) +4
0,5
f (x)
3
b
a
b
f ( x ) 0,167335.533
a
e x(x ) dx=55.922
1
X i=a+i x
Reemplazamos
f ( x4 )
f ( x 3 ) +
f ( x2 ) +3
f ( x1 ) +3
f ( x 0 ) +3
3h
f ( x)
8
b
f ( 75.689 )
f ( 41.485 ) +
f ( 22.067 ) +3
f ( 11.162 )+3
f ( 5.122 ) +3
30,5
f ( x)
8
b
a
METODOS NUMERICOS_100401_30
f ( x ) 0,188304.953
a
e x(x )dx=57.179
1
Solucin
2
3
e x dx
1
Segmentos: 1, 1/2,
Hallemos I1 :
3
f ( x )=e x
f ( a ) +f ( b ) e 1 +e 2
I 1= = 1491.8
2 2
I2 :
n=2
La frmula cambia
METODOS NUMERICOS_100401_30
[ )]
b n1
ba f ( a ) + f ( b ) ba
I = f (x) dx
a n 2
+2 f a+ k
k=1 n (
[ )]
1
ba f ( a )+ f ( b ) ba
I2 =
n 2
+2 f a+k
k=1 n (
Reemplazando
[ ]
3
3 3
3
e1 +e 2
I 2 =0.5 +2e 2 =775.14
2
I3 :
[ )]
b n1
ba f ( a ) + f ( b ) ba
I = f (x) dx
a n 2
+2 f a+ k
k=1 n (
[ )]
3
ba f ( a )+ f ( b ) ba
I3 =
n 2
+2 f a+k
k=1 n (
Reemplazando valores
[ )]
3 3 3
(
3 3
5 1 3
e1 +e 2
I 3 =0.25 +2 e 4 +e 2 + e 4 = 374.82
2
I 3 =374.82
I 2 =775.14
I 1 =1491.8
4 1
I m Il
3 3
4 1
775.14 1491
3 3
536.25333
4 1
374.82 775.14
3 3
241.38
PARA EL NIVEL 3:
16 1
I m I l
15 15
16 1
241.38 536.25=221.722
15 15
METODOS NUMERICOS_100401_30
4.b
e x ln ( x ) dx
2
Igual que en el ejercicio anterior usamos los mismos segmentos y los mismos
valores de n: (n=1, 2, 4), adems a=2, b=4
Hallemos I1 :
x
f ( x )=e ln ( x )
2 4
f ( a ) +f ( b ) e ln ( 2 )+ e ln ( 4 )
I 1= = 32.0333
2 2
I2 :
n=2
La frmula cambia
[ )]
b n1
ba f ( a ) + f ( b ) ba
I = f (x) dx
a n 2 k=1
(
+2 f a+ k
n
[ )]
1
ba f ( a )+ f ( b ) ba
I2 =
n 2
+2 f a+k
k=1 n (
Reemplazando
I 2 =1 [
e 2 ln (2 )+ e 4 ln ( 4 )
2 ]
+2e3 ln ( 3 ) =48.2
METODOS NUMERICOS_100401_30
I3 :
[ )]
b n1
ba f ( a ) + f ( b ) ba
I = f (x) dx
a n 2 k=1
(
+2 f a+ k
n
[ )]
3
ba f ( a )+ f ( b ) ba
I3 =
n 2
+2 f a+k
k=1 n (
Reemplazando valores
I 3 =181.5
I 2 =48.2
I 1 =32.03
4 1
I I
3 m 3 l
4 1
48.2 32.03
3 3
53.59
4 1
181.5 48.2
3 3
225.93
PARA EL NIVEL 3:
16 1
I m I l
15 15
16 1
53.59 225.93
15 15
42.1
2
0.5 x
e y/ x dy .dx 0.0333054
0.1 x3
METODOS NUMERICOS_100401_30
{ } { }
2 2
0.5 x 0.5 x
e 3
y /x
dy dx
3
e y / x dy dx
0.1 x 0.1 x
1 2x
( x 2 + y 3 ) dy . dx 1.000122
0 x
{ }
1 2x 1
{ }
4
x + y dy dx x y + y4 dx
2 3 2
0 x 0
y4 1 3 y4
(
lim y x =+ x 2 y +
4 )
= x ( x +4 ) lim y 2 x = x 2 y +
4 4
=2 x 3 ( 2 x +1 ) ( )
1
2 x 3 ( 2 x +1 ) x 3
4
4
( x+ 4 )= 15 x + x 3
4
15 x 4 3 3 x5 x 4 3 x5 x4 3 ( 0 )5 ( 0 ) 4
( 4 )
+ x dx=
4
+ lim
4 x 0 4
+ =
4 4
+
4 (=0 )( )
METODOS NUMERICOS_100401_30
5 4
3 x5 x4
lim
x 1
( 4
+
4 )(
=
3 ( 1) ( 1)
4
+
4
= + =
4 4 )
3 1 12+ 4 16
16
= =1
16
=10=1
Solucin
Se halla el valor de x1 y y1
0+0.050=0
Ahora por x2 y y2
x 2=x 1+ h=0.05+0.05
0.1
y 2= y 1 +hf ( x 1 , y 1 )
0+0.05 f ( 0.05,0 )
0+0.050.05=0.0025
METODOS NUMERICOS_100401_30
Ahora por x3 y y3
x 3=x 2+ h=0.1+0.05
0.15
y 3= y 2 +hf ( x 2 , y 2 )
0.0025+0.050.1025
0.007625
Ahora por x4 y y4
x 4=x 3 +h=0.15+0.05=0.2
0.007625+0.050.157625
0.01550625
x xn yn f ( xn , yn )
0 0 0 0
1 0.05 0 0.05
4 0.2 0.01550625
y 0= y (0)
2
h '
y j 11= y j +hf ( x i , y i ) +
2
[ f x ( xi , y i ) +f ' y ( xi , y i ) f ( x i , y i ) ]
y ' =cos ( xy ) =f ( x , y )
y ( 0 )=1
h=0.1 [ 0,1 ]
f ' x ( x , y )= ysen ( xy )
f ' x ( x , y )=xsen ( xy )
y 0=1
Iteracin1 x =0 y 0=2
0.12
y i=1+0.1 cos ( o (1) )+ [1 sen ( 0 (1 )) 0 sen ( 0 ( 1 ) ) cos ( 0 ( 1 ) ) ]
2
METODOS NUMERICOS_100401_30
0.01
y 1=1+0.1+ [ 00 ]
2
1+0.1=1.1
Iteracin2
x=0.1 y 1=1.1
0.12
y 2=1.1+0.2 cos ( 0.1 ( 1.1 ) ) + [1.1 sen ( 0.1 ( 1.1 ) )0.15 sen ( 0.1 ( 1.1 ) ) cos ( 0.1 (1.1 )) ]
2
0.01
y 2=1.1+0.0993956+ [ 0.1207560.0109115 ]
2
y 2=1.198703
Iteracin3
x 2=0.2 y 2=1.1987
0.12
y 3=1,1987+ 0.1cos ( 0.2 ( 1.1987 ) )+
2
[ 1.1987 sen ( 0.2 ( 1.1987 ) ) cos ( 0.2 ( 1.1987 ) ) ]
y 3=1.294186 1.2942
0.12
y 4 =1.2942+ 0.2cos ( 0.3 ( 1,2942 ) )+
2
[ 1,2942 sen ( 0.3 ( 1.2942 ) ) 0.3 sen ( 0.3 ( 1.2942 ) ) cos ( 0.2 ( 1.2942 ) ) ]
y 4 =1.38395673 1.3840
METODOS NUMERICOS_100401_30
2
0.1
y 5=1.3840+0.1 cos ( 0.4 ( 1.3840 ) ) +
2
[1.304 sen ( 0.4 ( 1,3840 ) )0.4 sen ( 0.4 ( 1.3840 ) ) cos ( 0.4 ( 1.3840 ) ) ]
y 5=1.465
0.12
y 6=1.465+0.1 cos ( 0.5 (1.465 ) )+
2
[ 1.465 sen ( 0.5 ( 1.465 ) )0.5 ( 1.465 ) ) cos (0.5 ( 1.465 ) )
y 6=1.533
y 7=1.5860=1.586
0.12
y 8=1.586+ 0.1cos ( 0.7 ( 1.586 ) ) +
2
[1.586 sen ( 0.7 (1.586 ) )0.6 sen ( 0.6 ( 1.586 ) ) cos ( 0.6 ( 1.586 ) ) ]
METODOS NUMERICOS_100401_30
y 8=1.622
0.12
y 9=1.622+0.1 cos ( 0.8 ( 1.622 ) ) +
2
[ 1.622 sen ( 0.8 (1.622 ) ) 0.8 sen ( 0.8 ( 1.622 )) cos ( 0.8 ( 1.622 ) ) ]
y 9=1.64
2
0.1
y10=1.64+ 0.1cos ( 0.9 (1.64 ) ) +
2
[1.64 sen ( 0.9 (1.64 ) )0.9 sen ( 0.9 ( 1.64 ) ) cos ( 0.9 ( 1.64 ) ) ]
y10=1.64
Problema general
dy
=f ( x , y ) , y ( x 0 ) = y 0
dx
Formula
x i+1=x i +h
x 1=0+0.5=0.5
METODOS NUMERICOS_100401_30
h
y i+ 1= y i + ( k 1+ 2k 2+2 k 3 + k 4 )
6
Donde
k 1=f ( x i , y i )
1 1
(
k 2=f x i + h , y i+ k 1 h
2 2 )
1 1
(
k 3=f x i + h , y i+ k 2 h
2 2 )
k 4=f ( x i +h , y i +k 3 h )
dy
=( y+ 1 )( x +1 )cos ( x2 +2 x ) , y ( 0 ) =4
dx
h
y 2= y 1 + ( k 1+ 2k 2+2 k 3 + k 4 )
6
Primer paso
1 1
(
k 2=f 0+ 0.5, 4+ 50.5
2 2 )
k 2=f ( 0.25,5.25 )=( 5.25+1 ) ( 0.25+1 )cos ( 0.252 +20.25 )
2
k 2=f ( 0.25,5.25 )=( 5.25+1 ) ( 0.25+1 )cos ( 0.25 +20.25 )
6.609
1 1
(
k 3=f 0+ 0.5, 4+ 6.6090.5
2 2 )
k 3=f ( 0.25, 4+ 5.652 )
0.5
y 2=4+ ( 5+26.609+27.034+4.036 )
6
0.5
y 2=4+ ( 5+26.609+27.034+4.036 )
6
7.027
Segundo paso
x=0.5
y=7.027
2
k 1=f ( 0.5,7.027 )=( 7.027+1 )( 0.5+1 )cos ( 0.5 +20.5 )
1 1
(
k 2=f 0.5+ 0.5,7.027+ 3.7970.5
2 2 )
k 2=f ( 0.75, 8 )=( 8+ 1 )( 0.75+1 )cos ( 0.75 2+20.75 )
7.436
1 1
(
k 3=f 0.5+ 0.5,7.027+ (7.436 )0.5
2 2 )
k 3=f ( 0.75, 5.168 )
10.844
x 1=0..5+ 0.5=1
0.5
y 1=7.027+ ( 3.797+2(7.436 ) +2(5.1 )+ (10.844 ) )
6
4.35
CONCLUSIONES
BIBLIOGRAFA
Vera Chvez, Isaac (2013). Mtodo de Romberg. Vdeo tutorial. Disponible en:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=l44hSGuXYK8
METODOS NUMERICOS_100401_30