Inglés IV

INGLS IV
NDICE
Presentacin 3
Red de contenidos 4
Unit 1 : Target markets 5

Unit 2 : Triumph and disaster 16
UNIT 3 : Prioritazing 25
UNIT 4 : Globalization 35
UNIT 5 : Company Culture 43
: First week presentations 53
:
UNIT 6 : Unit 6: Supply and demand 61
UNIT 7 : Negotiations 69
UNIT 8 : Staying competitive 78
UNIT 9 : International Business 87
UNIT 10 : Human resources 96
: Second-week presentations 105
:
Unit 11 : Business start-up 111
UNIT 12 : Reputations 119
: Final revision unit 126
CARRERAS PROFESIONALES CIBERTEC

NOMB RE DEL C UR SO 3
PRESENTACIN
INGLES IV es el cuarto en la lnea de idioma ingls. Est orientado a la

adquisicin del idioma ingls a nivel intermedio y comprende el desarrollo de las
cuatro (4) habilidades comunicativas (comprensin auditiva, comprensin
escrita, expresin oral y expresin escrita) dividido en secciones especficas,
tales como Vocabulary, Listening, Reading, Grammar, Language for, Speaking,
Writing adems de un Case Study..
Asimismo, el curso contempla el aprendizaje gradual de estructuras

gramaticales, terminologa general y especializada y habilidades traductoras e
interpretativas.
El manual para el curso ha sido diseado bajo la modalidad de unidades de

aprendizaje, las que se desarrollan durante semanas determinadas. En cada una
de ellas, hallar los logros, que debe alcanzar al final de la unidad; el tema
tratado, el cual ser ampliamente desarrollado; y los contenidos, que debe
desarrollar, es decir, los subtemas especificados en la tabla de contenidos de su
libro de texto. Por ltimo, encontrar las actividades que deber desarrollar en
cada sesin, que le permitirn reforzar lo aprendido en la clase.
Este manual es de carcter eminentemente prctico: con los diversos ejercicios

seleccionados para reforzar lo aprendido en clase, el alumno podr verificar
cunta informacin ha internalizado, las reas que necesita repasar y pondr en
prctica sus habilidades comunicativas en los dilogos que tiene que desarrollar
primero, y luego representar. Adems, podr desarrollar tambin sus habilidades
traductoras, empezando con frases y expresiones simples para luego interpretar
muchos contenidos culturales que aparecen en la comunicacin.
CIBERTEC CARRERAS PROFESIONALES

4
RED DE CONTENIDOS
ENGLISH
IV
Unit 1 Unit 6 Unit 11

Unit 2 Unit 7 Unit 12
Unit 3 Unit 8 Final revision
Unit 4 Unit 9 unit
Unit 5 Unit 10
Individual Individual
presentations presentations

UNIDAD DE
APRENDIZAJE
1
UNIT
1
UNIT 1: TARGET MARKETS

LOGROS DE LA UNIDAD DE APRENDIZAJE
Al concluir la unidad, el alumno comparte sus opiniones sobre el tema y

debate sobre las agencias de publicidad.
Al concluir la unidad, el alumno domina los usos del tiempo presente.
Al concluir la unidad, el alumno elabora un folleto publicitario.
TEMARIO
1.1 Comunicacin : Intercambio de opiniones.
1.2 Gramtica : Usos del tiempo presente
1.3 Vocabulario : Publicidad
1.4 Prctica Auditiva : La agencia de publicidad
ACTIVIDADES PROPUESTAS
Los alumnos trabajan aprenden nuevas expresiones y las emplean en el

contexto apropiado.
Los alumnos revisan los puntos gramaticales de la unidad y expresan las
mismas ideas con diferentes palabras.
Los alumnos aprenden vocabulario relacionado al tema.
Los alumnos practican su habilidad auditiva escuchando un texto e identificando
frases que aparecen en el segmento.

6
UNIT 1: TARGET MARKETS
1.1 COMMUNICATION
Learn the following expressions:
ASKING SOMEONE FOR THEIR OPINION

What do you think of his new book?
What are your feelings about the change in the schedule?
Whats your honest opinion of that issue?
GIVING YOUR OPINION

Personally, I think this film is terrible.
In my opinion, we should ask for a glossary and for a portfolio.
As far as I am concerned, the whole event was a waste of time.
DISAGREEING WITH SOMEONE

Yes, perhaps/maybe/possibly, but dont you think?
Yes, thats true, but Im not sure that.
Yes, you could be right, but dont forget.
I am afraid I totally disagree ( with you).
Yes, I partly agree (with you), but
I agree to some extent / a certain extent, but..

A. Complete the sentences in at least two different ways to ask people their
opinion.
1. ________________________________________ the proposed changes?
2. _____________________________________________ the new building?
3. ____________________________________________ the Metropolitano?
4. __________________________________________ the new divorce law?
5. __________________________________________ the new wedding law?
B. Rewrite these sentences without using the underlined words or phrases. The
meaning must stay the same.
1. In my opinion, you cant learn a language in three months.
_____________________________________________________________
2. I think the club needs to buy new players.
_____________________________________________________________
3. Yes, I think you are right.
_____________________________________________________________
4. According to the newspapers, terrorists started the fire.
_____________________________________________________________
5. I agree with her to some extent.
_____________________________________________________________
C. Continue these short conversations. You can either agree with the point of view
and add the argument; or introduce a different point of view. If you introduce a
different point of view, remember to start with a short expression of agreement
first.
1. A: A lot of women are quite happy to stay at home and be housewives.
B: _____________________________________________________________
2. A: The state shouldnt give money to people who dont want to work.
B: _____________________________________________________________
3. A: People from developing countries need all the help we can give them
B. _____________________________________________________________
4. A: We should think about legalizing cannabis.

B: _____________________________________________________________

8
5. A: It can be very dangerous if people become too nationalistic.

B: _____________________________________________________________
1.2 GRAMMAR
A. For the sentences below, complete the

second sentence so that it has a similar
meaning to the first sentence, using the word
given. Do not change the word given. You
must use between two and five words,
including the word given.
1. Trains are rarely late in my country.

time
Usually, trains _____________________
_________________ in my country.
2. She never stops saying how much she

dislikes public transport.
complaining
She ______________________________________ about public transport.
3. My flatmate studies history.

share
I _______________________ someone who is studying history.
4. My neighbor often plays loud music and it really irritates me.

always
My neighbor _________________________ loud music and it really irritates
me.
5. The bus service is our city becomes more inefficient every year.
getting
_____________________________________________________________

6. That blouse and skirt are a perfect match.

goes
That blouse ____________________________________ your skirt.
7. In the end, the mortorway was a great success.

turned
The motorway ______________________________ a great success.
8. He is often in a bad mood.

rarely
He ______________________________________ good mood.
9. My old teacher never fails to greet me when he sees me in the street.

hello
My old teacher _______________________________________when he sees
me in the street.
10. You moan about the weather all the time and it gets on my nerves.
are
You __________________________________ about the weather.
B. Complete the text using the correct form (present simple or present continuous of
one of the verbs below in each space. Use one of the verbs twice.
lead rain begin feel write stay have look smell sit go wish
take hope
Dear Maria,
Hi! I(1)________________________ to you from our nice, new country cottage
in the village of Newsland. I (2)_______________ everything is well with you. I
only (3)_________________ I could say the same about myself or the life I
(4)_____________________at the moment. I think I told you my parents had
bought this old eighteenth century cottage.

10
because they (5)________________ it is a good place to bring up kids. I

suppose they (6)______________ a point. Im sure all this fresh air is doing me
a lot of good and I suppose it only (7) ::::::: an hour to get to the city centre from
here. And, I have to admit, its very pretty. As I write, I (8)_____________ at the
kitchen window, which (9)____________________onto a lovely wood and I
often (10)__________for walks there. It (11)______________right now, so I
cant go for my little stroll as I planned. The flowers (1________________lovely
this time of the year.
So, in many ways, life is OK. On the other hand, there isnt much else to do
here. Its so quiet and the peacefulness (13) _____________to get on my
nerves. At the moment a friend of mine from Spain (14) _____________ with us
and thats great. Her names Pilar and she comes from Pamplona. We (15)
______________ a great time together, but what am I going to do when she
goes back on Friday?
Lots of love,
Hellen.

1.3 VOCABULARY
A. Complete the sentences with the best word.

1. If a celebrity __________ a product, they say how good it is in advertisements.
a) persuades b) launches c) endorses
2. Billboards, those large signs used for advertising, are often called ________ in
British English.
a) leaflets b) slogans c) hoardings
3. Manufacturers of toiletries and

cosmetics frequently offer free
____________ for customers to try
out their new products.
a) samples b) commercials
c) posters
4. Advertising done at the place where

a product is sold is called
___________ advertising.
a) public
b) point-of-sale
c) eye-catching
5. __________ of sports or arts events can be a powerful method of advertising.

a) research b) endorsement c) sponsorship
6. If you hear about a new product from a friend or relative, this is called ______
advertising
a) word-for-word b) mouth-to-mouth c) word-of-mouth
7. Outdoor advertising is growing rapidly because the cost of TV ___________

has risen dramatically.
a) commercials b) publicity c) research

12
B. Match each verb with two phrases.

To launch
To capture
To differentiate
To communicate
a) _____between two products

b) _____ a product
c) _____ somebodys imagination
d) ______a message to somebody
e) ______one product from another
f) ______ somebodys attention
g) ______ an advertising campaign
h) ______ with somebody

1.4 LISTENING
A. Listen to two colleagues discussing an advertisement. What were the two

reasons why people complained about the advert? What happened next?
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
B. Listen again and tick the useful phrases for storytelling you hear.
_____ a) It turned out

_____ b) Youll never believe it
_____ c) To cut a long story short
_____ d) Just then
_____ e) In the end
_____ f) At that very moment
_____ g) To get the point
_____ h) Guess what happened next?

14
Summary
The world of advertising is a very challenging word. Students should be familiar

with related vocabulary.
It is also important to know and to review the uses of simple verb tenses.
For additional practice, visit

http://www.better-english.com/vocabulary/Vocabulary2.htm
By doing this exercise, you will expand your vocabulary.
http://www.better-english.com/vocabulary/usefulexpressions1.htm
This is a list of useful expressions.


16
UNIDAD DE
APRENDIZAJE
1
UNIT
2
UNIT 2: TRIUMPH AND DISASTER

Al concluir la unidad, el alumno conoce frmulas para disculparse, hacer

crticas y deducciones.
Al concluir la unidad, el aluno maneja los usos de los tiempos pasados.
Al concluir la unidad, el alumno conoce las abreviaturas ms comunes al
escribir un e-mail/memo.
TEMARIO
2.1. Comunicacin : Frmulas para disculparse, hacer crticas y elaborar

deducciones.
2.2. Gramtica : Revisin de los tiempos narrativos.
2.3. Vocabulario : Comentarios sobre xitos y fracasos.
2.4 Prctica auditiva : Consejos acerca de deudas.
Los alumnos complementan los contenidos desarrollados en la unidad

correspondiente.
Los alumnos identifican expresiones pertenecientes a diferentes registros al
escribir e-mails.
Los alumnos mejoran su habilidad auditiva desarrollando ejercicios de
comprensin auditiva.

UNIT 2: TRIUMPH AND DISASTER

2.1 COMMUNICATION
A. Read the story of Michael Wurtzig. Then match the idioms (1-12) with their
meanings (a-l)
1. Michael Wurtzig was on the ball.
2. He had a good track record.
3. He had a good nose for sale.
4. And he usually played his cards right.
5. But success went to his head.
6. He began to lose his touch.
7. He was always up to his eyes in work.
8. He started trying to pass the buck.
9. And then he put his foot in it.
10. The boss gave him a piece of his mind
.Nobody put him in the picture any more.
11. And in the end he was fired.
_____ a) He began to have a high

opinion of himself.
_____ b) He had too many things to do.

_____ c) He made a big mistake.
_____ d) He lost his job.
_____ e) He was not told what was
happening.
_____ f) He was a clever employee, he
knew what was going on.
_____ g) He made the right decisions.
_____ h) He passed responsibility to
other people.
_____ i) His job experience was good.
_____ j) He talked to him very directly.
_____ k) He started to make mistakes.
_____ l) He was a natural salesman.

18
B. Now work in pairs. Make up your own story using as many of the phrases above
as you can and share it with a partner.
2.2 GRAMMAR
A. Write the verbs in the correct places in the past simple or past continuous.
1 work/ discover In 1928 Sir Alexander Fleming ___________ penicillin by
accident while _________________________ in his laboratory.
2. look / notice / enjoy In 1995, at exactly the same time, two men ________
through their telescopes, when they _______________ a new comet in the sky.
Alan Bale was in New Mexico and Tom Bopp _____________________ a star
party with some friends in Arizona. The comet is now called the Hale-Bopp
comet.
3. sit / start / work out / fall In 1667 Sir Isaac Newton __________ under an apple
tree when an apple ___________ to the ground. He ____________ to think
about the movement of the apple and _________________ the scientific reason
why objects fall to the ground.
4. turn into / realize / cook / work on In 1946 Dr. Percy LeBaron Spencer ________
an experiment with radio waves when a peanut bar in his pocket ___________
liquid. He then ________ that short electric waves __________ food very quickly.
The first microwave oven was sold in 1954!

6. need / sing / think / come to In 1974 Art Fry _________ of the idea of Post-Its
in his local church. The idea _______________ him while he _____________
in the choir and he _________ a bookmark for the songs in his choir book.
7. dig / turn out / find In 1709 a land worker ___________ some pieces of a
statute as he ___________ a well near the volcano Vesuvius. It ____________
to be part of the lost city of Herculaneum.
B. Write the verbs in the correct form of the present simple/continuous or past
simple/continuous.
1. These days he __________

(come/usually) to work in
jeans.
2. Look aver there! Who
_________ (she/talk/to)
3. I really _______________
(not/understand) this
exercise. Can you help me?
4. He ____________(shave) when he ____________ (hear) the news.
5. When I _____________(see) him yesterday, he ____________talk) to his
manager.
6. It suddenly ________________ (begin) to rain last night as I ___________
(walk) home.
C. Complete the answers in list B with the correct form (past perfect simple or
continuous) of the verbs in brackets. Then match the answers with the questions
in list A.
A B
1. Why were you depressed? A. Someone _________ (tip) them
off.
2. Why was le late for the exam? B. He _________________(come) up
with a new theory.
3. How did the police know where C. She ____________ (live) in Paris
the drugs were? as a child.

20
4. Why were the flowers dead? D. I _____________ (fail) my exam.

5. Why was Columbus dead? E. He ____________ (study) all night.
6. Why was Einstein happy? F. He ____________ (travel) a long time.
7. Why did she speak with a French G. Because he __________ already (see)
accent? it.
8. Why didnt he want to go and H. We _____________ (forget) to water
see the film? them.
2.3 VOCABULARY
A. Match the vocabulary used in formal mails (1-10) with less formal vocabulary
below.
to answer to ask to get in touch with help to need OK to put off

to be sorry to set up to tell
1. convenient ________________________________________
2. assistance _________________________________________
3. to inform ___________________________________________
4. to reply ____________________________________________
5. to regret ___________________________________________
6. to contact __________________________________________
7. to postpone _________________________________________
8. to arrange __________________________________________
9. to enquire __________________________________________
10. to require ___________________________________________
B. What do you think the following abbreviations stand for? Write out the full
meaning.
1. ie __________________________ 6. bw ________________________
2. asap ________________________7. attn _______________________
3. Thurs _______________________ 8. rgds ______________________
4. Jan _________________________9. pls ________________________
5. At the mo____________________10. w/e________________________

2.4 LISTENING
Steve Walker of ART (Aston
Reinvestment Trust) is interviewed
about the decisions he has made
during his career. Listen and choose
the correct options a-c
1. ART helps businesses that have

a) faced financial ruin more than once.
b) failed to come up with a good
business plan.
c) been refused financial help elsewhere.
2. Steves best decision has been to

a) take on a team of experienced managers.
b) admit when he needs help from others.
c) work in partnership with similar businesses.
3. Steve advises other companies to

a) work with people from different sectors.
b) set themselves high targets.
c) ask staff to come up with new ideas.
4. ART often works with businesses

a) with a wide range of different difficulties.
b) from the logistic sector.
c) needing help with marketing.
5. How is ART different from a bank?

a) it promotes business development.
b) it offers a lower rate of interest.
c) it has just a few borrowers at a time.

22
6. What is Steves worst business decision?

a) Investing in a company that went bankrupt
b) Listening to a bosss advice
c) Wasting time and money on a marketing leaflet.
7. Steve learnt from his mistakes the importance of

a) Hiring experienced marketing staff.
b) Listening to others in the same line of business.
c) Using a consultancy agency when required.
8. Steve stresses that businesses should

a) Be open to new ideas.
b) Expand as quickly as possible.
c) Include staff in the decision-making process.

Summary
Students need to know that success is not always fast as easy to get. Many times it
depends on the decisions we make.
They should also be familiar with expressions used in e-mails and different
registers.
To reinforce your knowledge of this unit, you can visit the following web pages:
http://jerz.setonhill.edu/writing/etext/e-mail.htm
Here you will find 10 top tips to write e-mails.
http://www.english-for-techies.net/Q%20&%20A/Writing-emails.pdf
On this web site you can find more information about how to write e-mails.

24

UNIDAD DE
APRENDIZAJE
1
UNIT
3
UNIT 3: PRIORITAZING
Al concluir la unidad, el alumno hace pedidos corteses y ofrecimientos.
Al concluir la unidad, el alumno conoce y maneja los usos del tiempo futuro
adems de reforzar y aprender nuevos verbos con preposiciones.
Al concluir la unidad, el alumno redacta cartas de solicitud de cumplimiento de

pagos.
TEMARIO
3.1 Comunicacin : Pedidos corteses y ofrecimientos. Frmulas para

delegar tareas o trabajos.
3.2 Gramtica : Usos del futuro. Verbos con preposiciones.

3.3 Vocabulario : Condiciones laborales.
3.4 Prctica Auditiva : Elaborando proyectos de largo plazo.
Los alumnos aprenden y practican expresiones relacionadas con sus diferentes

prioridades en etapas especficas de su vida.
Los alumnos hablan sobre sus relaciones personales y amicales.
Los alumnos refuerzan su prctica auditiva y analizan el empleo de tecnologas

de la comunicacin y su impacto en el entorno laboral.

26
UNIT 3: Prioritizing
3.1 COMMUNICATION
A. Complete the dialogue below and act it out with a classmate. Write one word in
each space.
A. How do you manage with a baby and

your work?
B. Well, I had six months maternity (1)
______________ when he was born.
And now I have a (2)
______________ job, so I only work
five hours a day.
A. Who looks after the baby when you
are at work?
B. I take him to a (3)_______________
every morning. She lives near us and
shes very good at feeding him and
changing his (4) ____________ when
its dirty.
A. What happens when hes sick?
B. Well, hes (5)_______________ at the
moment, so hes crying a lot. I took
time (6)_________________ last
week because I didnt want to leave
him.
A. What does your boss say?
B. She knows I often work through my lunch (7)_____________________ so shes
fine about it. If necessary, I can use some of my holiday (8)_______________.
A. Does your husband help much?
B. Well, hes doing a lot of (9) ____________at the moment because we want to
buy a house. Hes working long hours and sometimes he doesnt (10)
____________ off until about ten at night.

B. Match the pair of sentences about friends and relationships. Write the letters in the
box below.
1. I have a large circle of friends. A) Shes been my pen pal since 1990.
2. Bill was a friend of a friend. B). And now shes my fiance.
3. Jane and I were childhood C) Theyd been to the same school as
sweethearts. me, although we werent peers.
4. Lola is an old friend of mine. D) I knew lots of different people.
5. I was never part of a clique. E) And now hes my flatmate.
6. I met the twins through a mutual F) But Katy is the only school friend I have.
friend.

28
3.2 GRAMMAR
A. Future perfect simple, future perfect continuous, future continuous.
Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first
sentence, using the word given. You must use between two and five words,
including the word given.
1. This time next week, well be on the beach in

Majorca.
lying
This time next week
______________________ on the beach in
Majorca.
2. This is my twentieth year working in this office.

working
By the end of this year, I __________________
in this office for twenty years.
3. 6th May is our first wedding anniversary.

married
On 6th May ________________________ for one year.
4. Theres a test for all classes tomorrow morning.

doing
All the pupils _______________________ tomorrow morning.
5. Im going to finish writing my third letter by Friday.

written
By Friday __________________________ my third letter.
6. If you dont need your bike tomorrow, can I borrow it?

using
If you ____________________ your bike tomorrow, can I borrow it?
7. The new school will be ready by October.

built
The new school _____________________ by October.
8. I have tickets for the theatre tomorrow so I cant come for a meal.
be
I cant come for a meal tomorrow because ___________________ to the
theatre.

9. Dont bother me because I will be busy all evening.

working
I _______________________________ so dont bother me.
10. By the year 200 there will be no trees left in this room.
cut
By the year 200 they _____________ all the trees in this town.
B. Complete these sentences using the correct form (future perfect simple or future
continuous) of the verbs in brackets.
1. By this time next year, prices in the shops _____________________ (increase)

by 30%.
2. By 2090, everyone ____________________ (speak) Chinese.
3. In ten years time, they ________________________ (find) a cure for cancer.
4. In fifteen years time, computers ___________________ (replace) books.
5. By the year 2020, most of us _______________ (stop) eating beef.
6. By 2100, people _______________________ (go) on holiday to different
planets.
Now make up your own sentences:
7. ______________________________________________________________
8. ______________________________________________________________
9. ______________________________________________________________
10. ________________________________________________________________

30
3.3 VOCABULARY
A. Mr. Jones has filled in the form below. Write the following headings in the
correct spaces on the form.
Without followers, there would be no leaders. The concept of leadership and

the qualities needed for someone to become a leader, can probable best be
understood by studying the __________________ (1) between the leader an
his or her followers.
Good leaders have _______________ (2) the ability to step into someone
elses shoes- because they are good listeners. They are open, always willing
to discuss and _______________ (3) problems.
Team-building is one of the top priorities of effective leaders. They work at

___________________ (4) an environment in which team member, while
contributing to the team effort and to the purpose of the organization, is able
to improve on their own ________________ (5)
Indeed, they are very good at _________________ (6) their staff, enabling
each of them to become a creative and independent team player. This way,
every individual __________________ (7) the confidence and ability to
_______________ 8) the kind of decisions which will help the company
________________ (9) its long-term goals.
Good leaders are all inclusive, they like to involve everyone and they
understand the importance of delegating ____________________ (10).
Finally, they have more than just targets; they have a ________________
(11) They can see clearly where they would like the company to be in five or
ten years time, and they are able to ___________________ (12) to their
employees.
1. a) contract b) relationship c) report d) friendship

2. a) empathy b) charisma c) passion d) sympathy
3. a) deal b) solve c) ignore d) grapple
4. a) creating b) elaborating c) inventing d) designing
5. a) achievement b) programme c) appraisal d) performance
6. a) strengthening b) persuading c) caring d) empowering
7. a) rebuilds b) gains c) restores d) wins
8. a) do b) arrive c) make d) abide
9. a) work b) score c) achieve d) kick

10. a) energy b) aggressiveness c) informality d) authority

11. a) vision b) discuss c) communicate d) debate
3.4 LISTENING
A. Suzanne Jameson, Communications Manager at LWP, is interviewed about

electronic communications (e-mail, internet and intranet). Listen and choose the
correct options a-c.
1. According to Suzanne, companies use intranets to

a) reduce company costs
b) motivate their employees
c) keep teams in contact with each other.
2. Which statement does Suzanne make?

a) The majority of staff do not have the same first language.
b) Many employees work away from their workplace.
c) Key vacancies are filled by the wrong people.
3. Which of these advantages of an intranet is mentioned?

a) Companies can monitor staff contact with suppliers.
b) It is a way of providing free training courses.
c) Everyone can receive the same information.
4. How does Fords management use the company intranet?

a) To inform staff about company business.
b) To provide technical support.
c) To recruit new staff.

32
5. What problem arose at SAP?

a) The Chairman felt he was losing control.
b) Employees thought the intranet was a waste of time.
c) Some middle managers were unhappy about changed roles.
6. Which statement is made about communication at Siemens?

a) Arrangements are all made by secretaries.
b) All mails go via the Chief Information Officer.
c) Everyone has the right to communicate across the organization.
B. Now complete the phrases to summarize Suzannes views from the interview.
Remember to summarize Suzannes message not necessarily her words.
1. Suzanne was talking about ____________________________________

__________________________________________________________
2. Basically, what Suzanne said was that intranets ____________________

__________________________________________________________
3. She reckons that _____________________________________________

___________________________________________________________
4. When asked about potential disadvantages of technology, she said the main
thing is _____________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________

Summary
Students learn more about prioritizing and are ready to apply the new information
in their own lives.
Students can practice and expand their knowledge of grammar.
Students brainstorm and work on their own to fill in the cloze text.
If you want to continue reinforcing any of these topics, please go to
http://esl.about.com/od/grammarstructures/a/verb_formation.htm
Here you will find information about all verb tenses.
http://esl.about.com/library/quiz/bl_prepphrase1.htm
Visit this web page and learn more about prepositional phrases.

34

UNIDAD DE
APRENDIZAJE
1
UNIT
4
UNIT 4: GLOBALIZATION
Al concluir la unidad, el alumno habla con conviccin y es persuasivo cuando

las circunstancias lo requieren.
Al concluir la unidad, el alumno conoce las expresiones ms apropiadas para
referirse a rutinas y hbitos.
Al concluir la unidad, el alumno resume diferentes argumentos basndose en
hechos objetivos.
TEMARIO
4.1. Comunicacin : Cmo hablar con conviccin.

4.2 Gramtica : Hbitos y rutinas en el presente y en el pasado.
4.3. Vocabulario : Hbitos y rutinas.
4.4. Prctica Auditiva : La globalizacin
Los alumnos discuten y comparan diferentes aspectos de la vida en el presente y

en el pasado.
Los alumnos practican transformacin de palabras y se informan sobre

organizaciones internacionales.
Los alumnos evalan aspectos que otros consideran al tomar decisiones y las
identifican haciendo uso de la prctica auditiva.

36
UNIT 4: GLOBALIZATION
4.1 COMMUNICATION
Respond to these questions using USED TO + INFINITIVE
1. Murderers are not executed nowadays, are

they?
2. Few children work in factories today, is that
right?
3. There are more beggars on the street than
there were twenty years ago, dont you
agree?
4. Are drug-related crimes more common
nowadays?
5. There arent so many hijackings now, are
there?
6. Do you remember there being so many ecological problems when you were a
teenager?
7. You dont hear about pirates attacking ships nowadays, do you?
8. Did you like stories about smugglers when you were a child?
Now add two questions of your own.
9. _________________________________________________________________
10. _________________________________________________________________
4.2 GRAMMAR
A. Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first
sentence, using the word given. Do not change the word given . Use between
two and five words, including the word given.
1. I wish I knew the owner of this car.

whose
I wish _______________________________________it.

2. Driving on the right is a new experience for me.

used
I _______________________________________________ on the right.
3. There was a time when people didnt watch TV.

use
Years ago, people
______________________________________
TV.
4. His father would disappear for years.

habit
His father had _____________________________________ for days.
5. Our part of town has a serious crime problem.

neighbourhood
We live ______________________________________________ has a serious
crime problem.
6. I havent always smoked so much.

use
I _________________________________ so much.
7. I find it difficult to adjust to living here.

get
I ____________________________________ living here.
8. We went to the seaside every summer when I was a child.

would
When I was a child, _______________________________________ the
seaside every summer.
9. Learning Chinese isnt so difficult for me now.

getting
I __________________________________ Chinese.
10. I went to school in this building.

used
This is the building ____________________ to school.

38
4.3 VOCABULARY
A. Word formation. Read the description of the World Trade Organization, taken
from its website.
The World Trade Organization (WTO) exists to create the

conditions in which trade between nations flows as smoothly,
predictably and freely As possible. To achieve this, the WTO
provides and regulates the legal (1)___________________
(frame) which governs world trade. The legal documents of the
WTO spell out the various (2) _________________ (oblige) of
member countries. The result is assurance. Producers and
exporters know that foreign markets will remain open to them,
which in turn leads to a more (3)_____________ (prosper) ,
peaceful and (4) _______________ (account) economic world.
(5)______________ (virtual) all decisions in the WTO are taken
by consensus among all member countries and are then
ratified by member parliaments. Trade friction is channeled into
the WTOs dispute (6) _______________________(settle)
process, where the focus is interpreting agreements and commitments and ensuring that
countries trade policies in conformity with them.
B. Complete the sentences with the words in the boxes.

1. My grandparents collect ______________________ furniture. ancient
antique
2, In _________ times, women didnt wear trousers.
bygone
3. We visited some ________________ temples in Mexico.
4. His most famous ______________ was the first king. ancestor

5. The ___________ to the throne was the queens nephew. descendant
heir
6. Im a direct __________ of the first family to come here.

7. Britain was in the Roman ____________ for about 400 years. century
8. Many people moved abroad in the post war_______________ empire
era
9. The television was invented during the last ____________________
10. Discoveries of bones tell us about human _____________________ civilisation

11. Few people in my grandparents _______________ had cars. evolution
generation
12. Education was an important part of Greek _________________.
13. The earliest _____________ people lived in East Africa.

historical
14. Many big churches were built in ________________ Europe. medieval
15. Some Shakespeare plays are based on _____________ events. prehistoric
4.4 LISTENING
You will hear five short recordings. Five people are talking about what they look
for when they are buying goods from a company.

40
1. _________ a) good customer service

2. _________ b) telephone helpline
3. _________ c) efficient distribution
4. _________ d) extended guarantee
5. _________ e) simple ordering procedures
f) value for money
g) good reputation
h) fashionable

Summary
Students exchange opinions and compare the present and the past.
Students get familiar with the topic and learn more about international
organizations.
Students sharpen their listening skills by doing focused listening exercises.
If you want to continue reinforcing any of these topics, please go to
http://www.cato.org/pubs/policy_report/v25n3/globalization.pdf
Visit this web page and learn more about this topic.
http://online.wsj.com/public/page/news-small-business-franchising.html
To know about franchising, read this Wall Street Journal.

42

UNIDAD DE
APRENDIZAJE
1
UNIT
5
UNIT 5: COMPANY CULTURE
Al concluir la unidad, el alumno conoce los aspectos que forman parte de la

cultura organizacional de sus empresas y maneja el vocabulario respectivo.
Al concluir la unidad, el alumno conoce los diferentes usos de los modales en

relacin a obligacin y necesidad para explicar las polticas de la empresa.
Al concluir la unidad, el alumno conoce y domina el estilo de los e-mails

dirigidos a todo el personal.
TEMARIO
5.1.Comunicacin : Ventajas y desventajas de trabajar en empresas

grandes y pequeas.
5.2 Gramtica : Uso de modales para expresar obligacin y necesidad.
5.3 Vocabulario : Cultura organizacional.
5.4 Prctica Auditiva : Programa radial acerca de un centro de liderazgo
creativo.
Los alumnos discuten las ventajas y desventajas de trabajar en pequeas y

grandes empresas.
Los alumnos revisan y aprenden los usos de los diversos modales.
Los alumnos refuerzan su prctica auditiva con un programa radial e identifican
vocabulario en contexto.

44
UNIT 5: COMPANY CULTURE
5.1 COMMUNICATION
A. A companys workforce may range in size from one employee to tens of thousands
of people. Some people prefer to work in small companies, others prefer to be part
of a large organization.
In this activity you are going to debate with your partner the advantages of working
for large and small companies. You prefer small companies, your partner prefers
large. Use the arguments below to help you win the argument. You may want to
add your own arguments to the discussion.
YOU believe the following arguments:

1. In a small company, you know
everyone. Small companies are
friendlier. Its good to be able to get to
know the people you work with really
well.
2. In small companies, you can sort out
problems face-to-face.
3. Theres more variety to your work in a
small company. You have to be ready
to turn your hand to more or less anything.
4. You are more independent in a small company. When you want to do
something, you dont have to wait for permission from all kinds of people above
you.
5. When you work for a small company, you feel proud of making a direct
contribution to the success of the organization.
6. People who work in big companies are too ready to conform.
7. You know where you are in a small company: youre not afraid that youll
suddenly lose your job without warning.
8. The advantages of working in a small company are freedom, flexibility and
openness.
9. Youve got more chance of realizing your full potential in a small company.
You also think that..

On the other hand, your partner believes that:
1. In a big company, there are more people to meet. Its more stimulating.
2. In a big company, if you dont get on with one group of people, you can get a
transfer to another department.
3. Theres more opportunity for specialization in a big company. And theres more
mobility within the organization.
4. People in big companies earn more money.
5. You feel proud of belonging to a company which has a national or even an
international reputation.
6. People who work in big companies are not afraid of competing with large
numbers of able and talented people.
7. Big companies are stronger during downturns in business. Youre less likely to
lose your job because the company is less likely to go bust.
8. The advantages of working in a big company are more resources, bigger
responsibilities, more opportunities.
9. Youve got more chance of realizing your full potential in a big company.
You also think that..
YOU START

46
5.2 GRAMMAR
A. Match the sentences in list A with the appropriate responses in list B.
LIST A LIST B
1. He is wearing a ring. ___ a) He might be a basketball player.
2. He is tall and very athletic. ___ b). They must have been on holiday.
3. She refused to eat cake and ___c) She cant be your twin sister.
ice-cream.
4. Next door they are playing ____ d) He must be a genius.
music and dancing.
5. They look suntanned and ____e) He could be Austrian.
very relaxed.
6. He was able to play the piano ____f) He could be a married man.
when he was five.
7. All the lights are switched ____g) They must be having a party.
off in their house.
8. She looks completely ____h) He must have lived abroad for a few
different from now. years.
9. He is tall, has blond hair and ____ i) She must be on a diet.
speaks German.
10. He has a slightly foreign ____ j) They must have gone to bed.
accent.

B. Read the puzzle below.

Anthony is lying dead on the floor in the bedroom. Around his body, there is some
broken glass and some water. The door of the room is locked. The window is open.
Who is Anthony? How did he die?
Here are ten clues. Complete the clues using cant, could, might or must and the
correct form of the verbs in brackets. Use the clues to solve the puzzle.
1. There is only a little water, so Anthony ________________ (drown)
2. Theres no blood, so Anthony _________________________ (stab)
3. There is no gun either, so he _________________________ (shot)
4. Cleopatra also lives in the house but she was asleep in the room next door, so
he ________________________ (kill) Anthony.
5. He_________________ (have) a heart attack. (But he didnt!)
6. The glass is not from a drinking glass.
7. Cleopatra was very fond of Anthony, so she ____________________ (kill) him.
8. Anthony _________________ (commit) suicide then! (No, he didnt)
9. Someone ________________________ (poison) him! (No, he wasnt
poisoned!)
10. Cleopatra owns a cat called Caesar.
ANSWER: Anthony is a _______________ and he must have
died____________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________

48
5.3 VOCABULARY
A. Work individually. Imagine you are the chairperson in each situation below. What
would your response be? Remember your first and second choice each time?
1. You are expecting ten participants for a 9 a.m. meeting. It is 9:02 and only eight
people are present. The two missing people are not key participants. No one
told you of any plans to be late.
a) Begin the meeting with those present.
b) Call the two people on their mobile phones to see if they are coming.
c) Wait another few minutes and then begin.
2. The meeting has been running for 25 minutes. Some participants have not
spoken, although they appear to be interested and attentive.
a) Do nothing at the moment, but continue to monitor the situation.
b) Ask one of the non-contributors for an opinion or reaction.
c) Ask the non-contributors in a friendly way why they are not speaking.
3. As chairperson, you have introduced a topic. However, no-one wants to begin

the discussion.
a) Ask a general question to the group.
b) Ask a general question to one person.
c) Ask any easy, specific question to one person.

4. The meeting has been running for 45 minutes and half the agenda items have
been covered. You notice, through non-verbal behavior, that the interest level of
the group is falling.
a) Say you will shorten the meeting, then finish the current item and close the
meeting.
b) Suggest a five-minute break.
c) Speak more loudly and in a more lively way.
5. One participant starts talking for a long time about a topic that is not on the
agenda.
a) Say in a friendly way I feel this is a
side-track, then refocus the
discussion.
b) Thank the participant and suggest you
discuss the topic at the next meeting.
c) Thank the participant and suggest you
discuss the topic at the end of the
meeting if there is time.
6. Two people, sitting together, keep whispering to each other. It has been going
on for some time.
a) Ask them to share their discussion with the group.
b) Ask one of them a specific question to refocus their attention.
c) Pause at an appropriate point while you are taking a look at them. Wait until
they stop.

50
5.4 LISTENING
A. Listen to a radio program about the Centre for Creative Leadership. Make notes
below.
THE CENTRE Founded 1970 in North Carolina
Typical programmes
Pre-course tasks
Approaches to teaching/learning
B. Now listen again and match these words with words from the extract that
have the same meaning.
1. inspire __________________
2. company offering training __________________
3. people who have completed their studies _____________
4. concentrated, very focused __________________
5. class __________________
6. role-play __________________
7. tutor __________________

Summary
Students exchange their opinions about working chances..
Students use their analytical skills when using modals.
Students have listening practice to sharpen their skills.
To reinforce the contents of this lesson, you can visit the following web sites
http://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/learningenglish/
radio/specials/1435_gramchallenge19/page3.shtml
Here you can practice your grammar with exercises about modals.
http://management.about.com/cs/generalmanagement/a/companyculture.htm
You can get further information about company culture by reading this web
site.

52

FIRST WEEK
PRESENTATIONS
FIRST WEEK PRESENTATIONS
Al concluir la unidad, el alumno emplea frases atractivas para iniciar su

presentacin.
Al concluir la unidad, el alumno emplea palabras de secuencia que lo ayudan a

guiar a su audiencia.
Al concluir la unidad, el alumno evala las diferentes presentaciones hechas

en clase.
TEMARIO
1. Effective openings
2. Signposting
3. Evaluating your classmates presentations
Los alumnos clasifican diversas expresiones segn categoras especficas.

Los alumnos estructuran su presentacin en forma secuencial.
Los alumnos evalan las presentaciones de sus compaeros e intercambian
impresiones sobre las mismas.

54
FIRST WEEK PRESENTATIONS

1. EFFECTIVE OPENINGS
Communications experts are all agreed that the first three minutes of a
presentation are the most important. They talk about hooks simple
techniques for getting the immediate attention of the audience.
A good start makes you feel more confident. Heres how the experts suggest
you hook your audience:
a) Give them a problem to think about.
b) Give them some amazing facts.
c) Give them a story or personal anecdote.

Use the frames below to help you prepare effective openings using any of the
techniques stated. Whatever technique you choose, prepare your opening carefully.
You should always know exactly how you are going to start.
PROBLEM TECHNIQUE
1. Suppose_______________________________________________
How would you__________________________________________
2. Have you ever wondered why it is that _______________________

______________________________________________. You have?
Well, if I could show you ___________________________________
_______________________________________________would you
be interested?
3. How many people here this morning/afternoon/evening_____________
________________________________________________________
Well, imagine _____________________________________________
___________________________________________. Do you think
thats possible?
AMAZING FACTS TECHNIQUE
1. Did you know that _____________________________________?

2. According to the latest study, _____________________________
3. Statistics show that _____________________________________
4. I read somewhere the other day that _______________________
_____________________________________________________

56
STORY / ANECDOTE TECHNIQUE

1. You know, _____________________________________________
When I think about ______________________________________
Im reminded of _________________________________________
2. Have you ever been in the situation where ____________________?

I remember when ________________________________________
It turned out _____________________________________________
2. STATING YOUR PURPOSE
In a good presentation, what

you say the content- is much
more important than anything
else. But a clear structure
helps. When you move on to
your next point or change
direction, tell the audience.
You can do this easily and

effectively, using simple
phrases as signposts to
guide the audience through
your presentation:
TO MOVE ON TO GO BACK TO SUMMARIZE

TO EXPAND ON TO RECAP TO TURN TO
TO DISGRESS TO CONCLUDE TO ELABORATE ON

Choose one of the signpost expression form the box above for the following situations:
1. When you want to make your next point
_______________________________________________________________
2. When you want to change direction.

______________________________________________________________
3. When you want to refer to an earlier point.

_______________________________________________________________
4. When you want to repeat the main points.

_______________________________________________________________
5. When you want to give a wider perspective.

_______________________________________________________________
6. When you want to do a deeper analysis.

_______________________________________________________________
7. When you just want to give the basics.

_______________________________________________________________
8. When you want to depart from your plan.

_______________________________________________________________
9. When you want to finish your talk.

_______________________________________________________________

58
3. EVALUATING YOUR CLASSMATES PRESENTATIONS

Use this chart for each of your classmates presentations.
Speakers name:__________________________________________________
Topic of the presentation:____________________________________________
Unit:___________________ Date:_________________________
What I learned about this issue:

_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
What you did well
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
What you can improve

_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________

Summary
Students get familiar with new phrases and practice them in context.
Students reinforce their speaking skills.
Students evaluate their classmates presentations.
http://www.studygs.net/speaking.htm
Visit this web site and get some extra tips before doing your own presentation
in class.

60

UNIDAD DE
APRENDIZAJE
2
UNIT
6
UNIT 6: SUPPLY AND DEMAND

Al concluir la unidad, el alumno explica los diferentes roles que forman parte de
un equipo de trabajo.
Al concluir la unidad, el alumno emplea conectores para explicar temas

concernientes a la oferta y demanda as como tambin polticas de marketing.
Al concluir la unidad, el alumno describe las tendencias empleando grficos.
TEMARIO
6.1.Comunicacin : Diversos roles en un equipo de trabajo.

6.2 Gramtica : Empleo de conjunciones.
6.3 Vocabulario : Polticas de marketing, oferta y demanda.
6.4 Prctica auditiva : Culturas organizacionales.
Los alumnos revisan y practican el empleo de funciones comunicativas.

Los alumnos completan textos con conectores.
Los alumnos aprenden palabras nuevas relacionadas al tema.
Los alumnos practican con textos de escucha y encuentran informacin
especfica.

62
UNIT 6: SUPPLY AND DEMAND

6.1 COMMUNICATION
A. Match each statement with its corresponding function.
apologising confirming informing

offering requesting suggesting
____1. As agreed, our consultant will be arriving on Wednesday, April 30.

____ 2. Could you please send us some information about the change of ownership at
Leeds?
____ 3. If you require any assistance with your relocation, do not hesitate to contact us.
____ 4. This is to let you know that plans for the retraining of our admin staff are under
way.
____ 5. We are sorry for any inconvenience you may suffer as a result of this
cancellation.
____ 6. We should relaunch our mineral water under a different name.
Now create statements of your own using the same or different functions. Read each
one to your partner and ask him/her to identify which function you are using.
1. _____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
2. _____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
3. _____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
4. _____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
5. _____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________

6.2 GRAMMAR
A. Rewrite these sentences using the word or phrase in brackets.
1. Take your umbrella with you
because it might rain. (in case)
_________________________
______________________________
______________________________
2. You can go to the party but you

must come back by midnight.
(as long as)
______________________________
_______________________________________________________________
3. On hearing the news she got depressed. (as soon as)

______________________________________________________________
4. It is a pity I dont know French. (wish)

_____________________________________________________________
5. Read the instructions and then switch the machine on. (before)
_____________________________________________________________
6. Finish the task before you stop working. (until)

______________________________________________________________
7. Well have to leave now. (time)

______________________________________________________________
8. I cant afford to buy that laptop yet.

______________________________________________________________

64
B. Complete the text using one of the words or phrases below in each space.
in addition as for in spite of whats more

even though to sum up firstly finally
not only. but also however
Well, here we are at the end of the conference and its nearly time for us all to go
home. Before we do, Id like to say a few things. (1)__________________, let me
begin by thanking the chairperson of the association for organizing the conference so
well,(2)_______________________ various difficulties. (3)______________________.
I would like to make one suggestion: why not hold the conference over three days
instead of two? (4)________________________________to allow more people to give
talks. (4) __________________________to allow visitors to this beautiful city to see
some of the sights? (5)_________________________, a longer conference would
make it possible for participant to get to know each other better. But to get back to my
words of thanks.. (6)___________________ to the chairperson, I know that we
would all like to show our appreciation to the
conference staff, who trough their hard work have
made the last few days run so smoothly.
(7)________________________
on a personal note. I would like to thank my university
for giving me leave to attend the conference (8)
______________________ this is one of the busiest
times in the year for all of us.
(9)______________________________my wife and
children, there are no words to express my gratitude
for their support and patience. There is little more I
would like to say at this stage so,
(10)______________________________; I feel the
conference has been a great success and it has taught
us all a great deal about.

6.3 VOCABULARY
A. Match each word or phrase to its meaning.
1. associate ____ a placard bearing information,

advertising, etc.
2. display
____ ruling, prevailing
3. discount
____ colleague
4. outlet ____ a reduction from the usual price
5. to afford ____ a percentage of money from sales.
6. sign ____ to learn by example
7. commision _____ the sale of goods directly to the

customer
8. retail _____ too attractive to withstand
9. brand name _____ to be aware
10. dominant ______ to look for similarities or

differences between two or more
things
11. to take notice _____ a market for goods
12. to pick on _____ any methods to gain and end
13. to compare _____ to be able to buy without spending

too much
14. tactics _____ exhibition
15. irresistible _____ the name by which a certain label

is known

66
6.4 LISTENING
A. Listen to these phone instructions and answer questions 1-7 by indicating which
button you should press.
Which button you should press if:
1. You have got through to the company and you have a push button phone?
__________________________________
2. You want to buy something?

___________________________________
3. You have forgotten your customer number?

__________________________________
4. You want to see the range of goods they sell?

____________________________________
5. You want to tell them your customer number is

178042?
____________________________________
6. You want to complain to someone?

____________________________________
7. You want to send something back to the company?

_______________________________________

Summary
Students practice different communicative functions and create examples
of their own.
Students use connectors and linking words.
Students expand their listening skills by doing listening activities.
To practice your English, you can visit the following web sites
http://iteslj.org/cw/2/vm-colorexp.html
Here you will find a crossword to practice the connotative meaning of some
words.
http://a4esl.org/q/j/dt/mc-misplaced.html
This is an excellent exercise to check your syntax.

68

UNIDAD DE
APRENDIZAJE
2
UNIT
7
UNIT 7: NEGOTIATIONS
Al concluir la unidad, el alumno resuelve problemas en relacin a quejas de los

consumidores y maneja estrategias de negociacin.
Al concluir la unidad, el alumno conoce y domina el uso de todos los tipos de

condicionales.
Al concluir la unidad, el alumno responde por escrito a las quejas de los

consumidores.
TEMARIO
7.1.Comunicacin : Cmo dar solucin a las quejas de los consumidores.

7.2 Gramtica : Condicionales cero, uno, dos, tres y mixtos.
7.3 Vocabulario : Negociacin
7.4 Prctica Auditiva : Negociacin para vender productos y manejo de quejas
telefnicas.
Los alumnos representan los dilogos modelo y crean uno propio relacionado al
tema.
Los alumnos repasan y refuerzan las estructuras de la unidad.
Los alumnos complementan la unidad con ejercicios de escucha.

70
7. NEGOTIATIONS
7.1 COMMUNICATION
A. Act out the following conversations:
CONVERSATION ONE
PAT : How can we reach an agreement
when they wont compromise on a
single issue?
TED: You have to find some way to
appeal to their sense of fair play.
the negotiations cant be all one-
Sided.
PAT: Theyre convinced we will give in
on every point, so they are just
waiting for us to cave in.
CONVERSATION TWO
MIKE : Whey you are negotiating, you have to be persistent. You cant let the other
party think you are disinterested.
AXELL: On the other hand, if you seem too eager, they may think you are likely to
compromise too much.
MIKE : If theres not a willingness on both sides to reach an agreement, then there
really is no negotiation.
AXELL: Exactly both parties must feel theyve achieved their purpose or the
agreement will not last.
NOW MAKE UP YOUR OWN CONVERSATION:

_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________

7.2 GRAMMAR
A. If necessary, correct the sentences.
1. If Jack had been honest, he would return the money.
_______________________________________________________________
2. The video pauses if you press this button.
_______________________________________________________________
3. If she should have really wanted to see me, she would have come earlier.
_______________________________________________________________
4. If he doesnt break the window, then who is responsible?
______________________________________________________________
5. If Claire will continue to work hard, she should pass the exams quickly.
_____________________________________________
_____________________________________________
6. Steve would have been attacked if I hadnt come along.
_____________________________________________
____________________________________________
7. Id be able to visit Jim first thing in the morning if I stay in

Manchester overnight.
_______________________________________________________________
8. Speak to Jane if you want to book a room.
______________________________________________________________
9. If you know what it was going to be like, why did you come?
_______________________________________________________________
10. Youd be surprised if I told you how much this cost.
______________________________________________________________

72
B. Write new sentences with similar meanings. Begin with the word(s) given.
1. John lent me money. Otherwise, I would have gone out of business.

____________________________________________________________
2. Return the product to the shop if you have any complaints about it.
____________________________________________________________
3. There would be nowhere for them to stay if they arrived today.

____________________________________________________________
4. I wouldnt have finished this book without Suzannes help.

_____________________________________________________________
5. John is giving me a lift. Otherwise, I wouldnt be able to visit you.

_____________________________________________________________
6. If he will continue to improve, he should be out of hospital next week.

_____________________________________________________________

7.3 . VOCABULARY
A. Match each word or phrase to its meaning.

1. to be convinced ______ a) to succeed in affecting or influencing
2. offer ______ b) continuing in the face of opposition
3. one-sided ______ c) to consult together
4. persistent ______ d) something presented for acceptance
5. to take into account ______ e) to plead with
6. eager ______ f) state of mind in which things are done or given
readily or cheerfully
7. to cave in _____ g) something one intends to get or do; aim
8. willingness ______h) a point under dispute
9. to reach
(an understanding) ______ i) to give in to
10. preliminary ______ k) having or involving only one side; unfair
11. issue ______ l) to consider
12. to confer ______m) to feel sure
13. fair play ______n) honorable treatment, action or conduct
14. purpose _____ o) leading up to the main action
15. to urge _____ p) keenly desiring, impatient

74
B. Fill in the blanks with one of the words or expressions above to complete the
sentences. Make the necessary changes.
1. When you are unsure of your right, its wise to _________ a specialist.
2. We will never achieve our __________ if we leave this room with a contract in
hand.
3. She never takes into account what Ive said; our conversations are totally _____
_________.
4. She was _________ and kept asking
the same question until she got the
answer she wanted.
5. I __________ you to reconsider and
accept my offer.
6. The employee was so ______________
to resolve the dispute with his boos,
hed agree to just about anything.
7. Before an offer is made, its good to
have a ________________
understanding of what the seller wants
to receive.
8. We appreciate your ____________ to help us and represent our interests in the
negotiations.
9. Is there one particular _________ they disagree with or do they not agree with
the terms in general?
10. Most of the negotiators claim there was ________________, but those
representing the smaller countries have said they werent treated as equals.
11. Are you absolutely ______________ that there is nothing more we can do to
help you come to a different decision?
12. Im sure we can____________ an understanding and come up with a solution
that works for everyone?
13. We knew shed __________when she realized this was the best offer she was
going to get.
14. The buyers made the seller an _____________ on the house.
15. Before you agree to the terms, _____________ the fact you may have to
relocate.

7.4 . LISTENING
Listen to the staff of a holiday company discussing some complaints they have
received and decide if they are true or false.
1. Its the first time there have been

complaints about the Hotel
Splendide.___
2. Mr. and Mrs. Silk ere unhappy

about the state of their
room._____
3. Mr.and Mrs. Norrish thought the

family next door were very
noisy._____
4. The Silks and the Norrishes were not satisfied with the amount of compensation
they received.______
5. The Barnes family all suffered from food poisoning._____
6. The company flew the family home early because the hospital could not treat
them all._____
7. The company has decided to end their contract with the hotel before the next
holiday season.______
8. Mr. Algis wants to know how much compensation has been paid to customers.
_______

76
Summary
Students practice their social skills.
Students check and practice grammar points.
Students reinforce and expand vocabulary.
Students reinforce listening skills.
If you want to further practice, visit these web sites:
http://www.openbookproject.net/pybiblio/gasp/course/C-conds.html
Read and learn more about conditions and conditionals. There are plenty
of interesting exercises on this site.
http://www.ego4u.com/en/cram-up/grammar/conditional-sentences
Try the different exercises and have fun while learning.


78
UNIDAD DE
APRENDIZAJE
2
UNIT
8
UNIT 8: STAYING COMPETITIVE

Al concluir la unidad el alumno prepara presentaciones en su entorno laboral.
Al concluir la unidad el alumno conoce y maneja los patrones verbales verbo +

infinitivo, verbo + gerundio
Al concluir la unidad, el alumno prepara reportes sobre temas comerciales

empleando lenguaje formal y fraseologa especfica.
TEMARIO
8.1 Comunicacin : Presentaciones sobre productos

8.2 Gramtica : Patrones verbales
8.3 Vocabulario : Ventas y competencia
8.4 Prctica auditiva : Consultor administrativo
Los alumnos practican las situaciones comunicativas relacionadas al texto.
Los alumnos refuerzan vocabulario comercial.
Los alumnos refuerzan la prctica auditiva mediante un segmento que contiene

informacin acerca de Nokia.

UNIT 8: STAYING COMPETITIVE

8.1. COMMUNICATION
A. Read this dialogue about a new information tool. Use this phrases to complete
the gaps in the questions.
are the benefits to users does it stand for dont . do you

Will there be does the tool work
A. Ive just been reading about a new research tool called Doris. You
(1)________know who has designed it, (2)______________?
B. Yes, it was GNN, in partnership with information 360, the software producer.
A. I see. Doris is a strange name. What (3) ______________________?
B. Direct, online, read-time information system.
A. I can see why its been shortened! So, how _________________________?
B. Well, as far as I understand it, the tool will be installed onto the GNNs
regional news delivery network.
A. What (5)________________________________?
B. Well, users will be able to download a toolbar that automates how
information is delivered from various departments. It can also help users to
search hard drives to locate documents.
A. (6)_________________________?
B. Yes, about 90,000 people, I think.
B. Have you heard about any latest invention that has allowed a company to stay
competitive? Give your partner details about it.

80
8.2 GRAMMAR
A. For sentences 1-10, complete the second sentence so that it has a similar
meaning to the first sentence, using the word given. Do not change the word
given. You must use between two and five words, including the word given.
1. This TV is too expensive for us to buy at the moment.

afford
We ____________________________________________________this TV at
the moment.
2. Peters idea was to stay in and watch a movie on TV.

suggested
Peter___________________________________________________a movie on
TV.
3. She forgot to post the letter.

remember
She ____________________________________________________the letter.
4. I will never forget lying on the beach in Mykonos.

always
I _______________________________________________________on the
beach in Mykonos.

5. I am not on speaking terms with Bruce.

stopped
I ________________________________________________ to Bruce.
6. I talked to Mary and then went home.

stopped
On the way home______________________________________________
to Mary.
7. Unfortunately, you have not passed the test.

regret
We _____________________________________ have not passed the test.
8. I wish I had married Mary!

regret
I ____________________________________________________ Mary!
9. We could hear voices next door.

talking
We ____________________________________________ next door.
10. Id appreciate it if you were a bit quieter.

try
Could _______________________________________ less noise, please?
B. Complete this letter using the correct form (infinitive with to or ing form) of one
of the verbs below each space. Use two of the verbs twice.
ask hear have see read travel make come

arrive learn

82
Dear Henry,
Thanks for your letter, which I enjoyed (1) _____________________ very much. I am
glad you will be able (2)___________________ to our conference in October and we are
particularly pleased (3)_____________________ you as our guest speaker. We are all
looking forward to (4)______________________ you speak after (5)
____________________________ so many of your books aver the years. I am sorry (6)
______________________ that your wife Deborah is not well and will not be able to
come, but we hope (7)____________________ her on a future occasion.
I would also like (8)________________ you when you would prefer
(9)________________________________, so I can arrange your flight for you. Please
let me know as soon as you can when you intend (10)_______________ and leave. If
you would prefer (11) _______________these arrangements yourself, please let me
know in the next few days. I look forward to (12)________________ from you.
Best wishes,
Luke

8.3 . VOCABULARY
A. Match the terms on the right (a-r) with their equivalents on the left (1-18)
______ 1. headquarters a. chief
______ 2. executive b. plan
______ 3. human resources c. products
______ 4. customer d. sales revenue
______ 5. factory e. position
______ 6. head f. purchaser
______ 7. firm g. correspondence
______ 8. manufacturing h. objective
______ 9. Chief Executive officer i. plant
_____ 10. turnover j. deliver
_____ 11. pay k) manager
_____ 12. buyer l) production
_____ 13. post m) head office
_____ 14. supply n) Managing Director
_____ 15. target o) company
_____ 16. letters p) salary
_____ 17. goods q) client
_____ 18. scheme r) personnel

84
8.4 LISTENING PRACTICE

A. Listen to Kevin Philipps, from the Mentor Consulting Group, speaking about Nokia.
Make notes in the table below.
Problems with products
Dealing with problems
Future challenges

Summary
Students put into practice their communication skills by representing
dialogues and sharing information.
Students put into practice their new knowledge of the grammar point of
the unit.
Students listen to a segment about an important company and how it

dealt with problems as well as its future challenges.
If you want to practice more, visit the following web pages:
http://grammar.ccc.commnet.edu/grammar/gerunds.htm
To know more about gerunds and infinitives, visit this web page.
http://www.training.com.au/pages/menuitembc4c24a30dff9390f9fa5a1017a62dbc.aspx
Visit this web page to get to know more information about the topic.

86

UNIDAD DE
APRENDIZAJE
2
UNIT
9
UNIT 9: INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS

Al concluir la unidad, el alumno describe procesos de diversos tipos.
Al concluir la unidad, el alumno conoce y utiliza correctamente los usos de la

voz pasiva.
Al concluir la unidad, el alumno prepara un poster para utilizarlo como parte de

su presentacin en una conferencia.
TEMARIO
9.1 Comunicacin : Descripcin de procesos

9.2 Gramtica : Usos de la voz pasiva
9.3 Vocabulario : Documentacin para exportar productos
9.4 Prctica auditiva : Requisitos para exportar
Los alumnos practican las situaciones comunicativas relacionadas al tema.
Los alumnos aprenden vocabulario especfico en relacin al tema.
Los alumnos refuerzan los conceptos gramaticales estudiados desarrollando

ejercicios que exigen el empleo de sus diferentes saberes en forma simultnea.
Los alumnos practican su comprensin auditiva y practican vocabulario en
contexto.

88
UNIT 9: INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS

9.1. COMMUNICATION
A. Below there is part of a telephone

conversation between a manufacturer,
Mr. Jones, and a clearing and
forwarding agent, Mr. Brown. Choose
from the words in the box to complete
the conversation.
documentation ex works
declaration customs
present transport
license stenciled
bill of lading pro forma
JONES: So you feel that the

(1)_________________
isnt complete yet?
BROWN: No, Im afraid not. Im not at all
sure what (2)______________ has been arranged to get the goods to
Southhampton.
JONES: Ill ask our shipper were using Maersk this time and Ill get them to
let you know.
BROWN: Please make sure that we get a list of the marks
(3)_______________ on the container.
JONES: Yes, Ill do that. And we have the export (4)_______________, which
Well send on to you. Weve made the (5) __________________ at the
consulate, so were getting the consular invoices which will confirm the
(6)______________ _____________ cost of the consignment. Will
you send it through to the importing (7) _____________________
authorities, or shall we?
BROWN: Well do that for you. Have you sent a copy, with the other
documents, to your bank so that they can (8)_______________ them
all through the Bank of South America?
JONES: Not yet, because theres been a delay with the (9)__________

__________. For some reason theyve put the wrong number of

packages on it, so were just waiting for that to be cleared up. Well get it
off as soon as we can.
BROWN: Good. And there should be no trouble with the terms since theyve
already seen a (10)_________________ ___________ invoice.
JONES: No, there was no problem at all.
B. Now role play the conversation with a partner. Check your tone of voice on
the phone.
9.2 GRAMMAR
A. For questions 1-15, read the text below and look

carefully at each line. Some of the lines are
correct, and some have a word which should not
be there. If a line is correct, put a tick, If a line
has a word which should not be there, write the
word.
Is it a bird or a plane?
In 1655, a Portuguese man appears to have been transported within

some seconds from one country to another by some mysterious forces.
____ 1. The man was for doing business in the Portuguese colony of Goa in
____ 2. India when suddenly he find himself back in Portugal. He was
_____3. put on trial, which may or may not have been fair, an he was been
_____ 4. condemned to death. The authorities in Portugal at the time tended to
_____ 5. explain things according to their religious beliefs as well as and their
_____ 6. knowledge of the world. Their world includes witches, magicians and
_____ 7. devils, who they ere believed to be enemies of the Church and
_____ 8. authority. One of the characteristics by which these evil creatures
_____ 9. could have recognized was that they were able to fly through the
____10. air. We do not know about whether the man from Goa was carried
____11. through the air or not. There are no surviving details of the case
____12. although the evidence at the time was thought to be good enough
____13. to convict him. Since the seventeenth century, many other cases have

90
____ 14. been reported in which people have claimed to have flown through
_____ 15. the air. Nowadays most of people do not believe in witches and
magicians and UFOs are offered as an alternative explanation.
B. Read the text and

decide which answer
A, B, C or D best fits
each space.
A 34-year-old librarian from Clifden in County Galway claims she and a friend
spotted a large serpent-like monster in Lake Fadda in western Ireland on
Wednesday afternoon as they were picnicking near the (1)________________ of the
lake. Local police are (2)______________ the story, which follows a series of similar
reports in (3)________
Years. Researchers at Trinity College, Dublin have also (4)_______________ an
interest in the reports. Georgia Cranberry, the wife of a local businessman,
(5)_____________________ what she and her friend saw at about three oclock last
Wednesday as a huge monster writhing in the water (6) _______ a snake, about 30
metres (7)__________ Her friend, Mary Reilly, a shop assistant in a department
store in Galway, (8)___________ the story and added: We were (9)____________.
The creature was enormous and it swam with its mouth open. It was
(10)__________ like those pictures of the Loch Ness Monster. More
(11)_____________ were not available as before they were (12) ________ to take a
photograph of the monster it disappeared below the (13) of the lake, which is nearly
half a mile long. The description given to the police by the two women
(14)_________ that of other eyewitnesses of incidents involving strange creatures in
the lakes of Connemara. Local people have been (15)__________ not to swim in the
lakes.
1. a. watched b. looked c. spotted d. reported

2. a. bay b. beach c. coast d. shore
3. a. inquiring b. searching c. investigating d. exploring
4. a. recent b. last c. final d. these
5. a. taken b. found c. seen d. got
6. a. as b. like c. similar d. such

7. a. distance b. distant c. further d. offshore

8. a. believed b. checked c. repeated d. confirmed
9. a. terrible b. terrified c. terrorized d. terrifying
10. a. only b. similar c. just d. lot
11. a. events b. information c. news d. details
12. a. managed b. allowed c. able d. possible
13. a. top b. waves c. surface d. depth
14. a. suits b. matches c. goes d. reminds
15. A. denied b. ordered c. informed d. warned
9.3 . VOCABULARY
A. Read the definitions and write the corresponding word.

1. Goods under the control of the Customs and Excise authorizes are
___________________ goods.
2. A draft payable on presentation is a ________________ draft.
3. An invoice which is certified in the exporting country, by the consulate of the
country of destination is a ______________ invoice.
4. The original copy of a B/E of exchange is known as the ________ of
______________.
5. The charge made for carrying goods from one country to another is the
______________ charge.
6. Selling goods outside the sellers country is _____________ them.
7. Buying goods from another country is _____________________
8. Goods sent to be sold by an agent at the highest possible price are sent on
__________________
9. If no duties are charged on imported or exported goods, they are duty
__________
10. If goods are damaged or lost, their value will be reimbursed by an
_________________ company.

92
B. Complete the following passage by choosing from the words in the box to fill
in the gaps.
cargo forwarding shipping documents Excise manifest

services destination cleared consignments
The (1) ________ carried by a ship is listed in the (2) ______________, which
is a list of the bills of lading covering all the (3)________ on that vessel for that
voyage. It is just one of the (4)________ that are involved in the shipping of
goods; the insurance policy and commercial invoice are among the others. The
Customs and (5)______________ authorities will examine all these.
Clearing and (6)____________ agents are often used to handle the
transportation of goods. They will arrange for the loading and unloading of
goods and arrange all the dock (7)__________ that are needs.
The (8) _________________ marks, which are stenciled on the cases, provide
an easy way of identifying the items in a consignment when they are unloaded.
The marks are described in the manifiest, which is again inspected when the
goods are (9) ______________ through Customs on reaching their
(10)_________________________
9.4 LISTENING
A. What do you think about World
Com? Listen to an American TV
presenter speaking about WorldCom
and answer the questions.
1. What crime is mentioned?
2. How has the boss hindered
prosecutors?
3. Which company is WorldCom compared with and why?

B. Listen to the segment again and write down the word that has the same
meaning.
1. to do with law ______________
2. not innocent ______________
3. financial deception _____________
4. lawyers seeking to prove guilt __________
5. to charge _________________
6. financial ruin _________________

94
Summary
Students put into practice their communication skills by acting out a
telephone conversation.
Students analyze the uses of passive sentences in context identifying

error in syntax and editing texts.
Students expand their vocabulary related to the topic.
http://topics.law.cornell.edu/wex/White-collar_crime
To learn more abut white collar crime, visit this web page.
http://a4esl.org/q/h/vm/active-passive.html
To reinforce your knowledge about active and passive voice, try this exercise.


96
UNIDAD DE
APRENDIZAJE
2
UNIT
10
UNIT 10: HUMAN RESOURCES

Al concluir la unidad el alumno conoce el tema de recursos humanos y la

lealtad al empleador y el proceso de seleccin del personal.
Al concluir la unidad el alumno conoce y emplea nuevos verbos con

preposiciones.
Al concluir la unidad, el alumno redacta cartas para postular a un puesto de

trabajo.
TEMARIO
10.1 Comunicacin : Diferentes tipos de entrevistas de trabajo.

10.2 Gramtica : Verbos con preposiciones.
10.3 Vocabulario : Mercado laboral.
10.4 Prctica auditiva : Cmo conseguir una entrevista de trabajo.
Los alumnos practican las situaciones comunicativas relacionadas al texto.
Los alumnos aprenden vocabulario relacionado al tema y trabajan la gramtica

en el contexto comercial.
Los alumnos refuerzan la prctica auditiva mediante ejercicios de escucha para

responder preguntas especficas de opcin mltiple.

UNIT 10: HUMAN RESOURCES

10.1. COMMUNICATION
A. Read the following conversations

about hiring personnel.
Conversation one
SUSAN: Im calling because I
received your impressive
rsum and would like to
set up an interview with you.
IRENE: I have a number of
appointments on Monday,
but I am available on
Tuesday at 11 a.m.
SUSAN: Thats fine. Please bring with you a list of your references, people who
can speak to your work record.
Conversation two
SUSAN: Weve received many rsums in response to our ad.
ED : How will you screen all those who applied? Will you be in a position to
fill the opening in time?
SUSAN: Ive already screened the applicants and have narrowed down the list to
the ten with the best qualifications. Ill interview them next week.
ED : The selection process is sure to be a difficult one, since the top ten all
seem to be excellent candidates.
B. Work in pairs and exchange opinions about the following questions.

1. What is the selection process for a position like in your country?
2. If you got a call for an interview, would you change the date they told you?
Why? Why not?
3. Have you ever applied for a job?
4. In your opinion, what is the most difficult part of applying for a job?
C. Add two questions of your own.

5. _______________________________________________________
6. _______________________________________________________

98
10.2 GRAMMAR
A. Replace the underlined

words in these sentences
with the correct form of the
phrasal verbs below. Many
any other changes that are
necessary. Use one of the
phrasal verbs twice.
TAKE IN TAKE AFTER

TAKE UP TAKE OFF
TAKE TO TAKE DOWN
TAKE BACK
1. He is just like his grandfather.

___________________________________________________________
2. Im afraid I didnt like John at first; it took me some time to like him.
___________________________________________________________
3. If I were you, I would return it to the shop and ask for a refund.
___________________________________________________________
4. I didnt realize what he was saying because my mind was on something else.
___________________________________________________________
5. Why dont you accept the offer of a job with the record company?
___________________________________________________________
6. If you pay cash, Ill give it to you for five pounds less.
___________________________________________________________
7. I made a note of the most important points in his lecture.

___________________________________________________________

8. I was deceived by his lies.

___________________________________________________________
B. Complete these sentences using the correct form of one phrasal verb below in
each space.
PUT ON HOLD ON PUT BACK TAKE BACK

GET ON HOLD BACK TAKE ON GO BACK ON
GO ON GET BACK
1. When youve finished playing with your toys, please ______them _______ in
the cupboard.
2. Did you ___________ your money ________ off the travel agent when the
holiday was cancelled?
3. Can you ___________ till Ive finished talking to the manager? Then Ill be right
with you.
4. You gave me your word. You cant __________ it now.
5. Lets __________ from where we left off. Where were we before we were
interrupted?
6. I am determined to succeed nothing in the world will _____ me ______.
7. _________________ your nicest clothes because Im taking you to the best
restaurant in town.
8. Im afraid I dont __________ very well with the man who lives next door.
9. Hearing that song _______ me _____ to my university days: I havent heard it
for years.
10. If we ________ you _______, will you be able to work on Saturdays?

100
10.3 HIRING PERSONNEL

Match each word or phrase to its meaning:
____ 1. applicants a. People who know and will testify

to ones character and abilities
____2. appointment b. The steps taken when identifying
candidates for employment
____3. rsum c. To be able to talk about
____4. to speak to d. Skills or qualities that fit a person
for a job or position
____5. interview e. To include as one of the important
factors in making a decision
____6. references f. To be ready to take action
____ 7. qualifications g. To examine in order to select or
reject
____ 8. to make an offer h. An agreement to meet at a certain
date and time
____ 9. selection process i. To limit in number
___10. to take into consideration j. Persons who apply for a position
___ 11. to screen k. The feelings you get when you
first meet a person
___ 12. to be in a position l. To put to practical use
___ 13. first impression m. A formal meeting in which a
person questions or evaluates
another
___ 14. to utlize n. To give a candidate a job
___ 15. to narrow down o. A summary of ones background
submitted in application for a job

NOMB RE DEL C UR SO
101
B. Fill in the blanks with the words from the list above. Make the necessary changes.
1. The personnel department will be calling your __________ to ask them about
your ability and performance.
2. Were seeking _______ who are interested in the positions that are available at
this time.
3. Ive been offered three different positions and dont know how Im going to
__________ my choices and pick one.
4. Ms. Barbers schedule is completely booked, she has ________ with clients
every day next week.
5. The _______ you get when you met someone influences how you feel about
that person.
6. I think youre the perfect candidate for the job, and Im prepared
____________________
7. If youre interested in applying for the position, send a ______________,
highlighting your work experience and education, to the human resources
department.
8. Employers ask many questions in an _______ so they can get to know you
better.
9. His _______ were exactly what we needed for the position.
10. When making a big decision, its important ______________ all factors that
influence your thinking.
11. Since there are hundreds of applicants and few positions, the _____________
is extremely competitive.

102
12. The Presidents staff ______ all calls coming in to his office.
13. With the money Ill be making at this new job, Ill buy that brand new car Ive
had my eye on.
14. Ive never worked directly with Sally, and Im afraid I cannot _________ her
strengths and weaknesses.
15. 15. Its a shame that someone who is so creative works in an office where his
talents and skills are not fully ___________________
10.4 LISTENING PRACTICE
A. You will hear two colleagues speaking at a conference about teamwork.

Choose the correct answer. You will hear the recording twice.
1. What does Nigel say about teams?

a) Real teams work closely together towards the same aim.
b) There are more management teams than others in companies.
c) Most executive teams are structured in similar ways.
2. Sandra says that executive teams often

a) enjoys great camaraderie.
b) resemble political interest groups.
c) fail to carry out key tasks.

NOMB RE DEL C UR SO
103
3. What does Sandra say about the team at Mix?

a) They fail to reach financial targets.
b) They do not work well as a group.
c) They make life difficult for other staff.
4. Which of the following does the Mix team do?

a) Delegate effectively
b) Regularly update other colleagues by email
c) Come up with lots of new ideas
5. Nigel came to the conclusion that

a) management teams are often unsuccessful
b) executives sometimes need a lot of team-building training
c) there are frequent problems with international teams.
6. What kind of company often has ineffective teams?

a) Multinational companies
b) Businesses run by the founder
c) Small, family-owned enterprises
7. Problems are at their worst when companies have

a) taken on more managers than they need
b) reached a certain age and size
c) become too big for their premises
8. What often happens in companies?

a) Executives get moved from department to department.
b) External consultants run training sessions for executives.
c) Teamwork is talked about but rarely if ever happens.

104
Summary
Students put into practice their communication skills by reading dialogues
and exchanging opinions about the topic.
Students review and learn phrasal verbs.
Students practice their listening skills by learning about related issues.
http://managementhelp.org/hr_mgmnt/hr_mgmnt.htm
To learn more about this topic, visit this web page and get the latest
information.
http://www.engageyouremployees.com/engagementinformation/70-employee-
retention.html
Here you will find information about a related issue such as the war for talents.

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SECOND- WEEK
PRESENTATIONS
SECOND -WEEK PRESENTATIONS
Al concluir la unidad, el alumno demuestra dominio de los contenidos de las

unidades 6,7,8,9 y 10 mediante exposiciones grupales o individuales de los
temas asignados desde la primera semana de representaciones.
Al concluir la unidad, el alumno conoce y maneja estrategias para mejorar sus

presentaciones al trabajar el material correspondiente a esta unidad en el
manual del curso.
TEMARIO
1. Survival tactics
2. Cause, effect and purpose
Los alumnos aprenden a usar la fraseologa apropiada en una presentacin.
Los alumnos trabajan con estructuras simples y complejas para expresar,

causa, efecto y propsito.

106
SECOND- WEEK PRESENTATIONS
1. SURVIVAL TACTICS
Giving a presentation in a foreign language is a challenge. Concentrate too hard on

the facts and you make language mistakes. Concentrate too hard on your English
and you get your facts wrong.
If you have problem during your presentation, dont panic. Pause. Sort out the
problem and continue. Hare are the eight most common problems people face.
Match what you think with what you say:
WHAT YOU THINK WHAT YOU SAY

1. Ive got my facts wrong! a) So lets recap on that.
2. Too fast! Go back. b) So, basically, what Im saying is this
3. Ive forgotten to say something! c) Sorry, what I meant is this..
4. Too complicated! Make it simple! d) Sorry, I should just mention one thing.
5. Im talking nonsense. e) So, just to give you the main points
here..
6. How do you say this in English? f) Sorry, let me rephrase that.
7. Wrong! Try again! g) Sorry, whats the word/expression?
8. Im running out of time! h) Sorry, perhaps I didnt make that quite
clear.

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A. Knowing how to get out of difficulty in a presentation is essential. If you learn

these expressions by heart, you will be able to do it automatically and,
therefore, confidently. Work with a partner. Take turns to read aloud
different expressions of the list below and random and use the correct
survival phrase.
1. Facts wrong!
2. Too fast!
3. Forgotten something!
4. Too complicated!
5. Talking nonsense!
6. Dont know the English!
7. Sounds wrong!
8. No time!
2. CAUSE, EFFECT AND PURPOSE
As a presenter, you job is not just to present facts, but also to explain the
reasons behind the facts and their likely causes and effects.
English has a lot of expressions which are used to link cause, effect and
purpose, but these are mostly used in written reports. The language used
in presentations is often much simpler. Compare the following:
REPORT PRESENTATION
TQM was introduced. We introduced TQM.
in order to increase efficiency to increase efficiency
The introduction of PAX. We introduced PAX-
led to a 20% increase in efficiency and efficiency increased by
20%.
a result of the introduction of TQM. because we introduced TQM-
Notice also how noun phrases (the introduction of TQM) , a 20% increase
in efficiency) are more common in reports, and verb phrases (we
introduced TQM, efficiency increased by 20%) are more common in
speech.

108
A. Look at the following extracts from a report. Change them into what you might
say in a presentation using and, because and to. Remember to change noun
phrases into verb phrases where possible. The first words are given:
1. TV coverage of the launch led to a significant increase in customer response
rate.
The launch___________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
2. There has been a dramatic fall in operating costs as a result of last years
efforts.
Operating costs ______________________________________________
3. Product modifications may be needed in order to remain internationally

competitive.
We ________________________________________________________
4. Market entry was successful due to our competitive pricing strategy.

___________________________________________________________
5. Investment was increased so as to take advantage of the upturn in the

economy.
We ________________________________________________________
6. The slowdown in growth was caused by a loss of corporate confidence.

Growth ___________________________________________________

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3. EVALUATING YOUR CLASSMATES PRESENTATIONS

Use this chart for each of your classmates presentations.
Speakers name:__________________________________________________
Topic of the presentation:____________________________________________
Unit:___________________ Date:_________________________
What I learned about this issue:

_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
What you did well
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
What you can improve

_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________

110
Summary
Students enhance their conversational skills.
Students practice functions using grammar structures.
Students evaluate their classmates presentations.
http://www.englishclub.com/speaking/presentations.htm
Visit this web site and read all the information about presentations. There are
lots of tips and strategies that will definitely help you!

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UNIDAD DE
APRENDIZAJE
3
UNIT
11
UNIT 11: BUSINESS START-UP

Al concluir la unidad, el alumno conoce el tema de las franquicias y el proceso

a seguir para empezar una empresa de este tipo.
Al concluir la unidad, conoce y emplea las combinaciones de adjetivos y

adverbios y conoce nuevos verbos con preposiciones.
Al concluir la unidad, el alumno redacta una carta solicitando apoyo financiero.
TEMARIO
11.1 Comunicacin : Respuestas telefnicas a pedidos. Cmo hacer

sugerencias.
11.2 Gramtica : Usos de adverbios y preposiciones. Verbos con

preposiciones.
11.3 Vocabulario : Franquicias y formas de empezar un negocio.
11.4 Prctica auditiva : Franquicias.
Los alumnos practican dilogos y aprenden vocabulario relacionado con el tema.

Los alumnos complementan la informacin gramatical estudiada en la unidad.
Los alumnos reconocen informacin en la prctica auditiva.

112
UNIT 11: BUSINESS START-UP

11.1 COMMUNICATION
A. Read the mini-dialogues below and act each one out.
Conversation one
CONNIE : Were at a stalemate. The managers wont budge and the workers are
not willing to compromise.
BERNARD: What a bad situation. The workers want what they think is fair and the
employers dont have the financial resources to meet their requests.
CONNIE : Hopefully, the independent arbitrator will make a judgment that both
sides will respect.
Conversation two
CONNIE : Im glad that we finally have reached common ground and the
negotiations have concluded successfully.
BERNARD: it could have been a lot worse. Five years ago, employers staged a
lockout when they felt pressure from staff to raise their hourly rates by
10 percent. They thought that would teach a lesson to employees who
called in sick to protest the low wages.
B. Now underline all the words or expressions related to labor relations. Look them
up in a dictionary if necessary.

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11.2 GRAMMAR
A. Read the text below about non-financial reporting. Check each line and write
down the extra word (if any).
_____ Cooperative Financial Services (CFS) is a medium-size banking and

_____ insurance business and with its roots firmly in the north of England and the
_____ 19th century. But in one respect at very least it is a 21st century world leader.
_____ In a ranking of firms non-financial reports, CFS came out at top, ahead of
_____ second place Novo Nordisk, a Danish drug company, and BP, the British oil
_____ giant. The ranking, which published this week, has been prepared by the UN
_____ Environment Programme, and SustainAbility, a consultancy, in the partnership
_____ with the credit-rating agency Standard & Poors. In their non-financial reports,
_____ firms volunteers such an overview of their environmental and social impact?
_____ during the previous year. Since the last such ranking, many more of firms
_____ have chosen to produce non-financial reports. It is also been claimed their
_____ quality has increased as, less happily for the environment, has their own
_____ length. What was, ten years ago, a voluntary practice is now becoming
_____ mainstream in Europe, at least. Only these two American firms are in the top
_____ 20, but several of Europes biggest businesses are there.

114
B. Complete the following table:
VERB PREP ADJECTIVE PREP NOUN PREP

COMPLAIN ANNOYED ADMIRATION
ACCUSE ANXIOUS RESPECT
INSIST FOND LOVE
TALK CLOSE THREAT
THINK LOYAL SOLUTION
WAIT SCARED
CONGRATULATE TIRED
LISTEN
OBJECT
CARE
APOLOGIZE
11.3 VOCABULARY
A. The definitions (in capital letters) in these sentences have got mixed up. Put
them in the right place.
1. When one company joins another to form a larger single company, the new
company is the result of a BOTTOM LINE. __________________________
2. When one company buys a majority of the shares of another, and so gains
control, it has carried out a REDEPLOYEMENT. _____________________
3. When the shares of this second company are bought quietly, without
publicity, and usually in the shortest possible time, the first company has
carried out a MANAGEMENT BUYOUT. ___________________________
4. The REDUNDANCIES will try to negotiate good conditions for their
members in the new company.
5. When a company is deciding whether to take over or to merge with another
it will examine the accounts very carefully, paying particular attention the
EARLY RETIREMENT, which shows whether or not the company is
profitable, and by how much._____________________________________

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6. Knowledge that a takeover is likely usually sends TRADE UNIONS up.

________________________
7. Sometimes, in an attempt to avoid a takeover, senior staff will attempt a

DAWN RAID._______________________________________________
8. There are usually a member of SHARE PRICE after a merger or takeover.
_________________________
9. As many staff as possible will undergo MERGER and be kept on in the new
company.
10. Members of staff who do not wish to remain and work in the new company
may take the option of TAKEOVER, perhaps with a reduced pension.
__________________________
B. Circle the correct idioms to complete the sentences.

1. If something bears fruit / misses the mark , it produces successful results.
2. If a plan gets off the ground / goes pear-shaped, it starts or succeeds.
3. If something falls flat / works like a dream,. It works very well.
4. If something goes from strength / misses the mark, it fails to achieve
what it is intended to achieve.
5. If an attempt to achieve something or to tell a joke bears fruit / falls flat, it
fails.
6. If something comes to nothing / gets off the ground, it does not succeed.
7. If a plan goes pear-shaped /works like a dream, it fails.
8. If something comes to nothing / goes from strength to strength, it
becomes better and better or more and more successful.

116
11.4 LISTENING
A. Listen to two colleagues discussing a project

and answer the questions:
1. What are the project team

developing?
____________________________
____________________________
2. What advantages will the new

workstation have?
______________________________
______________________________
3. When will it be launched?

_____________________________________________________________
4. When will the press release be sent to the media?

____________________________________________________________
B. Listen again. What phrases for setting goals do the speakers use?
1. ____________________________________________________________
2. ____________________________________________________________
3. ____________________________________________________________
4. ____________________________________________________________
5. ____________________________________________________________
6. ____________________________________________________________

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Summary
Students expand their knowledge and practice their conversational skills
by working in pairs.
Students learn more about combinations with prepositions.
Students work with new vocabulary and definitions.
Students listen to a text and answer the related questions.
If you want to complement your learning, you can visit the following web pages:
http://www.bstartup.com/
Visit this web page and learn more about starting a new business.

118

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119
UNIDAD DE
APRENDIZAJE
3
UNIT
12
UNIT 12: REPUTATIONS

Al concluir la unidad, el alumno conoce y maneja diversas frmulas para

reparar una reputacin comercial daada confirmando y aclarando informacin
al respecto.
Al concluir la unidad, el alumno conoce y emplea correctamente los artculos.
Al concluir la unidad, el alumno redacta notas de prensa.
TEMARIO
12.1 Comunicacin : Formas de aclarar informacin.
12.2 Gramtica : Uso del artculo definido en contraste con el artculo

indefinido.
12.3 Vocabulario :Cmo confirmar y aclarar informacin.
.
12.4 Prctica auditiva : Frmulas recuperar una reputacin comercial daada.
Los alumnos practican dilogos y recrean sus propias conversaciones.
Los alumnos practican el uso de los artculos en un contexto comercial.
Los alumnos mejoran su prctica auditiva escuchando un programa de radio y

seleccionando informacin especfica.

120
UNIT 12: REPUTATIONS
12.1 COMMUNICATION
A. Read the following conversations.
Conversation one
KRISTIN: If were going to develop a new product line in a timely manner, well need
to collaborate with all concerned departments.
JEROME: We dont have enough in-house expertise. Well have to call in outside
consultants.
KRISTIN. We need to build up our own capabilities, so call the head-hunter and give
her the okay to begin a recruitment campaign.
Conversation two
JEROME: Our competitors rechargeable batteries are hardly innovative. How can
they be so popular?
KRISTIN: They are cheaper, for one thing, and their advertising is very effective.
JEROME. Well have to concentrate our efforts on developing a truly unique battery,
a battery that never dies.
KRISTIN: That would be innovative!
C. Now create a conversation with a partner.
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________

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12.2 GRAMMAR
A. Complete the email with a/an, the or no article at all
FROM: atul.menyanibeestons.com
TO : mandy.ellisbeestons.com
SUBJECT: Next week
Atul
Thanks for agreeing to look after my project while I am on (1)______ holiday next week.
As I said when we spoke (2)_____ last week, the project really needs to be launched by
(3)____2nd of June at (4)______ latest. It currently looks as if we should complete all the
work on time and within (5)____ budget, so you shouldnt have too many problems while
Im in (6)____ Netherlands. If you do need (7)_____ help though, just give Carl a call on
03948395. Hes (8)_______ main engineer on the project and has been working on it from
(9)____ start if anyone will know what to do, itll be him!
There are (10) ____ a few things you could

do for me, if you dont mind. Firstly, would
you mind sending (11)______ email to
Frank Smith (his details are on my desk) to
see how (12)____ marketing team are
getting on with our publicity leaflets, etc.
Also, theres (13)_____ report on my desk
which needs to be copied and given to
Maxine, (14)_____ Production Directors PA.
Do you think you could also write (15)___
letter to (16)____ company organizing the
PR for (17)______project, asking for
(18)_______ copies of all the press releases
they have sent out.
Finally, Im expecting (19)______ supplier from (20)____CRT Communications to phone to

arrange (21)_____ meeting. I think the 22nd. Will be (22)_____ best day for me. If he can
manage that too, could you book (23) _____ boardroom for us?
Thanks again for all your help.
Mandy.

122
12.3 VOCABULARY
A. Match each word or phrase to its meaning:

____ 1. innovative a) The only one in its kind
____ 2. to turn out b) Introducing something new
____ 3. obsolete c) Within or utilizing an organizations
own staff
____ 4. flexible d) Designed to be thrown away after

a single use
____ 5. In-house e) Special skill or knowledge
____ 6. unique f) To ask for help
____ 7. to call in g) Working with others
____ 8. technology h) Outmoded; too old to be used
____ 9. collaboration i) Adaptable to change
____10. expertise j) Faintly, slightly
____ 11. to build up k) To redo plans to change the
____ 12. disposable product
____ 13. subtly l) Qualifications
____14. to redesign m) To strengthen and develop
____ 15. capabilities n) To produce
o) The practical applications of
knowledge
B. Fill in the blanks with one of the words above. Make any necessary changes.
Our product line needs to be diversified. We cannot depend on the past success
of our _______________ (1) razor. We need to concentrate on developing
different kinds of razors for different purposes. If we dont, well find our razors
__________(2) and ourselves out of work. Recent improvements in
manufacturing _____________(3) will allow us more _____________(4) in
design. By ___________(5) ________________(6) our existing razor, we can
____________(7) a _____________(8) razor for all ages, both sexes and for any
body parts.

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12.4 Listening
A. Before you listen to a business radio programme about Unilever, make notes on
what you know about the companys area of business, its competitors and the
problems it faces.
B. Now listen and complete the notes below.
Unilever is an Anglo-Dutch (1)________.

It is a large (2)_______________________ retailer.
Patrick Cescan is to become the companys (3) ______________.
Anthony Burgmans will become the non-executive (4)____________
There are two possible (5)____________targets: Colgate-Palmolive and
Reckitt Benckiser.
Unilevers debts are (6)_____________
Last year sales fell by (7)_____________
It has lowered its (8)_______________ targets.
The company has some problems, for instance, not enough
(9)_______________

124
Summary
Students represent and practice intonation and pronunciation in the
dialogues.
Students expand their knowledge of the use of articles and the use of zero
article.
Students work with words related to the topic and with a cloze text.
Students listen to a radio programme about a known firm. Beforehand,
they should do some research about it.
For further practice, do the following exercises:
http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/540/01/
Expand your knowledge of articles and omission of articles by reading the
information and doing the suggested exercises.
http://thesaurus.com/browse/reputations
To check the many uses of the word reputations, visit this web site.

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125

126
FINAL
REVIEW
UNIT
FINAL REVIEW UNIT
LOGROS DE LA UNIDAD DE APRENDIZAJE:
Al concluir la unidad, el alumno ha consolidado los contenidos adquiridos

durante todo el curso.
TEMARIO
Fill in the gaps text
Use of English
Cloze text
Los alumnos practican comprensin lectora mediante la correcta insercin de la

informacin en oraciones.
Los alumnos practican su gramtica y vocabulario escogiendo la palabra ms

apropiada para completar el sentido del texto.
Los alumnos completan un texto de forma lgica, empleando una sola palabra en
cada espacio en blanco.

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127
A. FILL-IN-THE-GAPS TEXT
Read this text taken from a business magazine. Choose the best sentence to fill
each of the gaps. Do not use any letter more than once. There is an example at the
beginning (0).
There is a huge gap between what consumers want and what vendors would like to
sell them Lisa Hook, an executive at AOL, one of the biggest providers of traditional
(dial up?) internet access, has learned amazing things by listening in on the calls to
AOLs help desk. (0) H . The help desks first question is: ?Do you have a
computer?. Surprisingly, the answer is no, and the customer was trying to shove
the installation CD into the stereo or TV set. The help desks next questions is: Do
you have a second telephone line?). Again, surprisingly often the answer is no. This
means that the customer cannot get on to the internet. (1) ______ and so it goes
on.
Admittedly, in America, where about half of all internet households now have hig-
speed (broadband) connections, these AOL consumers are so-called late
adaptors, or analogues. But even younger, savvier, digital natives? Or digital
immigrants can provide surprising insights for those who care to listen.
Genevieve Bell works for Intel, the worlds biggest semiconductor-maker. She has
been travelling around Asia for three years to observe how Asians use, or choose
not to use, technology. (2)____. Americans tended to say things like my home is
my castle and furnish it as a self-contained playground. Asians were more likely to
tell her that my home is a place of harmony. grace, simplicity or humility
(3)____.
Even within Eastern cultures, Ms. Bell, who is Australian, has found startling
differences in the way people view technology. (4)_____ As she did so, she
immediately got a mocking Oi, what do you think you are, famous? from the next
table. For Americans, adopting technology is an expression of American-ness, part
of the story of modernity and progress, says Mrs. Bell. (4)____.
And even Americans, perhaps more prone than others to workaholism, can get
frustrated by technology. Chris Capossela, boss of productivity software at
Microsoft, commissioned a study where office workers were shadowed (with their
consent) after they left the office. (5)____. Thanks to technology (laptops,
Blackberries, smart phones and so on), he says, the boundaries of nine-to-five no
longer exist. This creates a new demographic category, the enterprise consumer,
for whom not only technology but all of life has grown more complex.
A. She recently opened her laptop in a caf in Sydney to check her email.
B. He or she is, of course, already on the line to the help desk.
C. The industry is currently hoping to develop these technologies even further.

128
D. She was specially struck by the differences in how Westerners and Asians view
their homes.
E. For many other people, it may be just a hassle, or downright pretentious.
F. They recoiled from gadgets that made noises or looked showy or intrusive.
G. It showed that people feel pressure even in their cars and homes to keep up
with the expectation that one is always available.
B. USE OF ENGLISH.
Read the article below and chose the best word to fill each gap.
Another year, another standards war in the consumer-electronics business. After

the contest between VHS and Betamax in the 1980s comes a new saga in which
two rival and, inevitably, (1) formats struggle to establish themselves as the
successor to the wildy popular DVD standard. Both new formats rely on blue
lasers, which can discern finer details than the red laser used in DVD players, to
squeeze more data to each disc. This (2)____ can be used in two easy: to
(3)____ quality, by providing a more detailed high definition picture, or to
increase quantity, (4) ___ more footage (at DVD quality) to fit on a single disc.
In one corner is the HD-DVD format, (5)____ by Toshiba, NEC and Sanyo. The
details are still sketchy the technical (6)_____ will not be finalized until February
but HD-DVD will offer at least three times the storage of DVD. Proponents of

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HD-DVD claims the discs can be made cheaply using existing DVD production
lines with very little
(7) ___ . The first HD-DVD devices will go on sale next year.
In the other corner is Blu-ray, backed by a (8)___ that includes the ccompanies
Sony, Matsushita, Hitachi and Philips. Blu-ray discs can store around 13 hours of
standard video. Sony has been selling Blu-ray recorders in Japan since 2003,
and Matsushita and Sharp have both (9)__ Blu-ray devices onto the market this
year.
The battle between the two standards has heated up in recent months as the two
camps fight to sign up hardware vendors and content producers, notably
Hollywood studios, which have (10) ___ the outcome of previous standards wars.
1. a. incompatible b. inconsistent c. contradictory d. conflicting

2. a. range b. dimension c. capacity d. extent
3. a. advertise b. further c. push d. boost
4. a. approving b. enabling c. equipping d. authorizing
5. a. advertised b. supported c. marketed d. encouraged
6. a. specification b. precision c. illustration d. definition
7. a. qualification b. limitation c. restriction d. modification
8. a. board b. consortium c. jury d. committee
9. a. founded b. established c. launched d. dispatched
10. a. determined b. concluded c. solved d. resulted

130
Read the text below and fill in the gaps with ONE word.
The retailer Littlewoods is reviewing the PR strategy across its home-shopping

brands. The retailer is looking to rejuvenate what it offers in (1)_____ face of
fierce competition from firms (2)______ as Next Directory, cable TV shopping
and websites, PR work for brands including LX directs is up for grabs, in
addition (3)_______ sub-brands under the Shop Direct umbrella, for example
Kays Lifestyle. Abound and Additions Direct. We are looking at this
(4)________ a grand-by-brand basis and wont necessarily hire (just) one
agency, said a Littlewoods spokesman, adding that the review had been
motivated by standard business practice. It (5)________ thought that around
six agencies will take part (6)______ a pitch process for which firms have been
asked to submit written proposals. Agencies including Brazen PR and Cohn &
Wolfe currently promote brands within the Littlewoods empire. The spokesman
declined to specify (7)_______ their roles could be in a revamped agency line-
up..Any agency appointed would report to individual brand directors for the
brands up for grabs. Littlewoods, owned (8)__________ the Barclay brothers,
hit the headlines late last month, (9)______ it revealed that it was planning to
close 126 of its loss-making Index catalogue-based shops. The decision
followed nearly 20 years of losses at the chain. The Barclay brothers bought
Littlewoods from the Moores family in 2002 (10)______ 750 m. pounds.

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Summary
Students have the opportunity to expand their knowledge of

the language.
Students enhance their skills with further practice.
Students determine their own weaknesses and strengths.
If you want further practice, go to this web pages:
http://www.englishmedialab.com/advancedquiz.html
Here you will find a whole set of exercises all kinds of exercise.
http://www.learn4good.com/languages/evrd_grammar/article_ex3.php3
Try this site and have a business quiz.

132

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INGLS IV

Unit 1 : Target markets 5

: Final revision unit 126

CARRERAS PROFESIONALES CIBERTEC

INGLES IV es el cuarto en la lnea de idioma ingls. Est orientado a la

Asimismo, el curso contempla el aprendizaje gradual de estructuras

El manual para el curso ha sido diseado bajo la modalidad de unidades de

Este manual es de carcter eminentemente prctico: con los diversos ejercicios

CIBERTEC CARRERAS PROFESIONALES

Unit 1 Unit 6 Unit 11

CARRERAS PROFESIONALES CIBERTEC

UNIT 1: TARGET MARKETS

Al concluir la unidad, el alumno comparte sus opiniones sobre el tema y

Los alumnos trabajan aprenden nuevas expresiones y las emplean en el

CIBERTEC CARRERAS PROFESIONALES

UNIT 1: TARGET MARKETS

ASKING SOMEONE FOR THEIR OPINION

GIVING YOUR OPINION

DISAGREEING WITH SOMEONE

CARRERAS PROFESIONALES CIBERTEC

4. A: We should think about legalizing cannabis.

CIBERTEC CARRERAS PROFESIONALES

5. A: It can be very dangerous if people become too nationalistic.

A. For the sentences below, complete the

1. Trains are rarely late in my country.

2. She never stops saying how much she

3. My flatmate studies history.

4. My neighbor often plays loud music and it really irritates me.

CARRERAS PROFESIONALES CIBERTEC

6. That blouse and skirt are a perfect match.

7. In the end, the mortorway was a great success.

8. He is often in a bad mood.

9. My old teacher never fails to greet me when he sees me in the street.

CIBERTEC CARRERAS PROFESIONALES

because they (5)________________ it is a good place to bring up kids. I

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A. Complete the sentences with the best word.

3. Manufacturers of toiletries and

4. Advertising done at the place where

5. __________ of sports or arts events can be a powerful method of advertising.

7. Outdoor advertising is growing rapidly because the cost of TV ___________

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B. Match each verb with two phrases.

a) _____between two products

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A. Listen to two colleagues discussing an advertisement. What were the two

_____ a) It turned out

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The world of advertising is a very challenging word. Students should be familiar

For additional practice, visit

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UNIT 2: TRIUMPH AND DISASTER

Al concluir la unidad, el alumno conoce frmulas para disculparse, hacer

2.1. Comunicacin : Frmulas para disculparse, hacer crticas y elaborar

Los alumnos complementan los contenidos desarrollados en la unidad

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UNIT 2: TRIUMPH AND DISASTER

_____ a) He began to have a high

_____ b) He had too many things to do.

_____ k) He started to make mistakes.

_____ l) He was a natural salesman.

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