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VIHUELAS.- Guitarras del siglo XVI al XVIII en el Museo Instrumental del Palacio de Hofburgo de Viena (Austria),
cuya dinasta de los Habsburgo rein en espaa del 1512 a 1700. Los tres cordfonos ms pequeos que se aprecian
en la parte inferior, son vihuelas de mano pequeas, a sus extremos estn las vihuelas de mano medianas, los otros
cordfonos de la parte superior son vihuelas de mano grandes, popularizandose con el nombre de guitarras en los
siglos XVII y XVIII.

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Za6h^adYZ6cX^VcdhEdidh!hZdWhZgkV
V jc {c\Za idXVcYd jcV k^]jZaV \gVcYZ Nacimiento. Maestro de San Roque.
<^hWZgi! &.,'/&()!(*%! n V digd eZghd" Asilo de ancianos. Potos
cV_ZidXVcYdVjiVkZgi^XVa#

19
:gcZhid8Vkdjg6gVbVnd

Detalle Ascensin del Seor. Iglesia de Caquiaviri .


La Paz. Angel en la Iglesia de la Recoleta. Sucre

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'k^]jZaVheZfjZVh!'igdbeZiVh!&VgeV!n&k^]jZaVYZVgXd0ZcaVeVgiZXZcigVa

Detalle La ascencin del Seor. Iglesia de Caquiaviri. La Paz

20
:A8=6G6C<D

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BZoV"<^hWZgi&.,,/-.".%#

Sirena. Detalle del Carro Triunfal de la Iglesia Jess de Juan Ramos. Sirena tocando Vihuela
Machaca. (J. Ramos 1703) grande. Detalle del cuadro apoteosis
Foto: Teresa Gisbert de la Vrgen Mara. Iglesia de Guaqui.
La Paz. Foto: Jos D. Meza - Teresa
Gisbert

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YdhY^VWadhVbW^YZmigdhidXVcYdk^]jZaVhYZXdgVYVheVgiZhjeZg^dgnjcVidXV

21
:gcZhid8Vkdjg6gVbVnd

Detalle La Muerte del pecador. Lienzo existente Muerte del Pecador.


en la Iglesia de Caquiaviri, La Paz Maestro de Caquiaviri (1779). La Paz

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ZcXjZcigVZckVg^VhYZcjZhigVh^\aZh^Vh#
8dc gZ[ZgZcX^V Va VgiZ e^Xig^Xd! YZhVggdaaVYd ZcigZ adh Vdh &+(% n &++%
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edgiVYVh! aaZ\VcYd ]VhiV :jgdeV! Xdck^gi^cYdhZ Edidh Zc jc \gVc 8Zcigd YZ
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22
:A8=6G6C<D

bVcd! jcV k^]jZaV YZ VgXd! jc k^]jZaV YZ


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Detalle: Angeles Msicos de la disputa del 6giZhYZHVci^V\dYZ8]^aZ#BZoV"<^hWZgi!
Santsimo Sacramento del Altar. &.,,/'('!'((#
Melchor Prez de Olgun :cdigVdWgVYZ7ZggdAVVYdgV"
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Dos detalles Angeles Msicos Patrocinio de San Jos


(Gaspar Miguel de Berro) 1737

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ZhiZe^cidgdigdhYdhXjVYgdhfjZgZegZ" Angeles Msicos Patrocinio de San Jos (Gaspar
hZciVcVHVciV<ZgigjY^h&,(,"&,))! Miguel de Berro)

23
:gcZhid8Vkdjg6gVbVnd

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Detalle: Angel tocando Vihuela. Santa Gertrudis.
(Gaspar Miguel de Berro). Foto: Teresa Gisbert

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Detalle: Mapa del Cerro Rico de Potos
(Miguel Gaspar Berro) eg^cX^eVaZhZhi{ZaXjVYgdYZaVK^g"
Foto: William E. Centellas \ZcYZHVWVnVfjZgZegZhZciVjcV
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nZadigdjcVk^]jZaVYZVgXd#

24
:A8=6G6C<D

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idXVcYdk^]jZaVeZfjZVX]VgVc\dnZadigdjcVk^]jZaVYZVgXd#JcVYZhiVh
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Detalle: Angel con vihuela pequea. Virgen de Sabaya.


Luis nio. s. XVIII

25
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Portada de la Iglesia de San Lorenzo. s. XVIII. Potos

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^ciZg^dgZh#

26
:A8=6G6C<D

Sirenas charanguistas. Detalles: Portada de la Iglesia de San Lorenzo. Potos.

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Iglesia San Lorenzo Iglesia San Lorenzo
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34
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Luzbel 1970 Roberto Shaw 1975

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Calle de Potos, al fondo el Cerro Rico. 1979

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con su Ranqha charango. 1982

48
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