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Ega 2016 26 - Croquis y Diagramas PDF
Ega 2016 26 - Croquis y Diagramas PDF
Este artculo propone disponer en This paper aims to put in paralel both
paralelo los bocetos iniciales en el the initial sketches and the application
diseo arquitectnico y la aplicacin of diagrams in the architectural
de lo diagramas en el mismo process of design, analizing the
proceso, analizando igualmente las characteristics of the initial moment
caractersticas en aquel momento of design. Both diagrams and
originario. Tanto diagramas sketches are part of the strategic
como croquis, forman parte del and graphic heritage of architecture.
patrimonio estratgico y grfico The developments of parametrical
de la arquitectura. Los desarrollos designs from diagrams have suposed
de diseos paramtricos a partir a qualitative improvement in the
de los diagramas, han generado contemporary architectural imaginary.
un salto cualitativo del imaginario The purpose is to contrast the
arquitectnico contemporneo. qualities between these two elements,
Se pretenden contrastar entre si that is, initial sketches and diagrams,
las cualidades de cada uno de in order to establish similarities
estos elementos, para delimitar and differences between them
semejanzas y diferencias entre comprehensively enough to know
ambos que construyan un discurso their dimensin and effect on the
suficientemente delimitado para contemporay Architectural Graphic
conocer su dimensin y efecto sobre Expression, which is never outside of
la Expresin Grfica Arquitectnica the idelogical debates that take place
contempornea, nunca ajena a los on this respect and which always
debates ideolgicos que se producen involve graphic consequences.
al respecto, llenos siempre de
Keywords: sKetches. diagrams.
consecuencia grfica.
ideas. project
Palabras Clave: Croquis. diagramas.
ideas. ProyeCto
expresin grfica arquitectnica
1. croquis conceptual casa gaspar,
alberto campo Baeza
1. Conceptual sketch Casa Gaspar,
Alberto Campo Baeza
Sketches 59
By sketches, we refer to initial drawings, outlines
or unfinished traces lacking in exact definition,
that subsequently lead to geometrization. They
are graphic expressions that convey an abundant
concentrated conceptual meaning, shaped as
guidelines for subsequent actions. They are, however,
not capable of completely shaping a definitive
solution, despite being having the scope to generate
discourses the development of which culminates in
specific architectonic steps, the end purpose of which
is to product architecture.
These formats range from personal elaborations,
the meaning of which is encrypted and can only be
interpreted by their authors, to work that is more
semantically and conventionally loaded and therefore
more easily understandable for external readers, who
can disentangle their contents. The language of these
drawings is open, their intention to synthesize, scant
and they are difficult to systematize as they tend to
sustain broad ideas, lines of action or initial try-runs.
They are not normally heavily graphically codified, but
their symbolic codification is high.
1 They may be erratic strokes, viewed in the order
they are perceived by the eye until recognisable
logics in different directions emerge to present a
structure with a specific order that draws together
Croquis lectores externos que desentraan sus the systematic interpretation of the authors thought,
contenidos. Son dibujos con lenguaje which may or may not be fully shaped. The execution
Cuando referimos croquis, lo hacemos
abierto, con escasa intencin de snte- of sketches in design processes also has a strong
en la acepcin de esbozos, bocetos, o
trazos sin definicin precisa, inaca- sis, y cuya sistematizacin se hace di- temperamental component, insofar as the way in
bados, avanzando geometrizaciones ficultosa, pues principalmente sostie- which decisions are made at this point differs in
nen ideas extensas, lneas de accin, accordance with each authors character. Some need
posteriores; son expresiones grficas
tanteos comprobatorios. Se caracte- to use a wide range of graphic approaches while
que actan concentrando abundante others adopt their decisions in a more intellectualized
carga conceptual, se configuran como rizan por tener baja codificacin gr-
fashion, i.e. based on the development of internal
directrices de acciones posteriores, fica, pero cargan elevada codificacin
thought and fewer conceptual sketches.
siendo incapaz de perfilar completa- simblica. In any case, and further to the use of numerous early
mente una solucin definitiva, sin em- Pueden ser trazos errticos, la mirada trials in architectonic proposals, we consider that
bargo, lo suficientemente competentes determina el orden hasta encontrar l- the more initial drawings or drawings are produced,
para generar discursos cuyo desarro- gicas reconocibles en diferentes trayec- the more nuances will tend to be revealed in the
llo culmine en actuaciones especfica y tos; presentar una estructura con cierto end results and that said nuances are directly
arquitectnica, su finalidad es la pro- orden que aglutina la sistemtica del proportionate to how often these graphic strategies
pensamiento de su autor, sin necesaria- are used. Nevertheless, we recognize the potential
duccin de arquitectura.
for obtaining interesting levels of meaning in the
Estos formatos discurren desde mente estar perfilado. La ejecucin de
making of decisions supported by few initial graphic
elaboraciones personales, con signi- bocetos o croquis en los procesos de di-
resources, although they generally stem from
ficado encriptado e interpretable ex- seo, tiene tambin una fuerte compo- situations we consider to be unusual, or where
clusivamente por su autor, hasta otras nente temperamental, por cuanto que previous material or products have acted as trials for
de mayor carga semntica y conven- la forma de tomar decisiones en este the decisions presented, having served to facilitate
cional que las hace comprensibles a trmino, difiere segn la personalidad principles of action in this conceptual journey.
2. Esquema horas punta en Yokohama
3. Diagramas, Steven Hll
2. Rush-hour sketch in Yokohama
3. Diagrams, Steven Hll
las relaciones entre las partes de con- es decir, fijar definiciones disciplinares to be valued when considering the divergence
juntos o sistemas. Estas definiciones entroncadas en lo arquitectnico. between the two.
genricas, podran absorber sin gran- La definicin especfica del dicciona- The architect Steven Hll, (Hll, 1999) recognized
des dificultades, algunas caractersti- rio Metpolis de Arquitectura Avanza- that he depends on them for the design of
conceptual diagrams, defining them as his secret
cas formales de los croquis o esbozos da (Gausa, Guallert, Mller, Soriano,
weapon. He links them with the search for and
iniciales de ideacin arquitectnica en Porbas, Morales, 2002, p. 162), como finding of an initial concept that captures the
los trminos que hemos definido con esfuerzo significativo por agrupar en essences of the unique architectural opportunities
anterioridad. un corolario trminos comunes y dis- of each project, thereby attributing them with the
Por otra parte, el concepto de ciplinares de la arquitectura contem- capacity to access new ideas about architecture.
diagrama, socialmente puede haber pornea, define el diagrama como la He stipulates that the use of this kind of procedure
sido sesgado a favor de una definicin representacin grfica del curso de un makes it possible to start from the drawing board
como flujos, donde se generan cade- proceso dinmico sintetizado median- in each case, insisting that the idea is the most
nas procesuales en diferentes mbitos te compresin, abstraccin. Indicando important factor, rather than experimental or
de la ciencia y la tcnica, quiz conse- que tambin formula figuras selectivas: phenomenological qualities of the design work that
takes shape as work progresses.
cuencia de la proliferacin de aquellos trayectorias concentradas que per-
Hll addresses subjects that today can be
como apoyo en la tecnologa digital. miten ordenar, transmitir y procesar addressed from the perspective of the recognition
Sin embargo, es necesario equilibrar informacin lo ms econmicamente of production as open work in the stages of
este extremo, al tiempo que tiene inte- posible. Representacin grafica, pro- design, where each part of the process can open
rs marcar una posicin especfica en ceso y abstraccin, sern inicialmen- up new avenues, leading to the modification of
el mbito del diseo arquitectnico, te palabras claves a considerar como initial ideas that, as the starting points they are,
4
expresin grfica arquitectnica
4. Steven hll
4. Steven Hll
para la prctica arquitectnica, parece nen los diagramas, pero en cualquier includes sketches, transferring the concept directly
una afirmacin con fundamento. Efec- caso ms asociados al temperamen- from the diagram to the final form.
tivamente, los croquis son por natura- to, cosmovisin y caractersticas del The results obtained also emerge as the cause
of subjective artistic experience. If we were to
leza grficos, y por tanto soportados diseador, que entenderlo como un
present the duality described as irreconcilable, we
en geometras; tambin, son capaces de universal aplicable como absoluto a would be generating a scenario that is far from
demostrar una proposicin, propues- los procesos de diseo arquitectnico, architects actual recorded behaviour when they are
ta arquitectnica, al tiempo que permi- devaluando cualquier otro procedi- designing. An alternative position, in our opinion,
ten resolver problemas, o representar miento. Igualmente, la sntesis grfi- would be more based on fashion and fashion-
las leyes que rigen las configuraciones ca que permite la conceptualizacin related experiments than on the determination of
formales que tendrn finalmente, ter- global de los planteamientos que se the multiple absolute factors that we may perceive
in design processes. If the so-called diagrammatic
minando en consecuencias materiales, pretenden movilizar a travs de los architectures are characterized by something it is
geomtricas y espaciales. croquis, forman parte del proceder their high level of subjectivity, and consequently
Sin lugar a dudas, tambin son ca- comunitario e histrico de los arqui- signature references.
paces de mostrar la relacin entre las tectos, donde la ejecucin de esbozos, The processes of initial trials and the choosing
diferentes partes de un sistema arqui- suelen concentrar icnicamente gran of diagrams in todays complex reality, in which
tectnico. Los cuales se mueven desde cantidad de referencias utilizables en it is difficult to identify each and every actor that
comes to bear on the definition of architecture, are
los ms convencionales, concretos y la bsqueda de proposiciones concre-
complicated. Thus, in the early design stages, it is
restrictivos, donde la representacin tas. En ambos casos, con resultados difficult to determine which diagrams are of use. At
es casi unvoca; hasta los sistemas de definitivamente formales. the same time, the processes generated to produce
convenciones dbiles, polismicos y De esta forma el croquis puede al- sketches entail erratic, directionless operations in
altamente innovadores, abriendo ca- canzar gran semejanza con diagrama search of a suitable and justified solution. It is these
ractersticas dinmicas de imprecisas conceptual de la arquitectura, y cuyo activities that will give rise to the diagrams that will
imgenes mentales (Segu, 1996), pero uso resulta bastante comn; frente a then shape the architecture.
Sketches pursue a formal end from the outset. In the
fundamentadas en conceptos tangi- la particularidad de su utilizacin que
case of diagrams, this a consequence, the aim being
bles. Es decir, cuando los croquis o propone el arquitecto Steven Hll. to build the final form without prejudiced formal
bocetos, en los momentos inicales Por otra parte, los antecedentes de los intermediation. Some consider (Montaner, 2008,
del diseo arquitectnico, alcanzan croquis formalizadores suelen susten- p.196) that the abstraction of diagrams constitutes
determinados niveles de abstraccin, tarse en diagramas previos o simult- a continuity of the abstraction of rationalism, as if
sin perder su condicin formalizado- neos que determinan y encajan asun- it were a larger-scale reinterpretation of how the
ra, podra aproximarse, en cuanto a tos que intervienen en los procesos vanguards proceed in terms of the iconographic
mechanisms in the most systematized degree,
resultados y apariencia, a lo que un de formalizacin. La clave por tanto, but reaching a higher level of individualization
diagrama se refiere. respecto a lo que se ha denominado and variety, as part of what the author calls the
Cosa diferente es reconocer la alta arquitectura diagramtica, es que el uncertainty and dispersion of contemporary projects.
capacidad desencadenante que tie- resultado formal, prescinde del pro- The graphic interpretation of a highly complex reality
7. Steven hll
7. Steven Hll