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492 607 1 PB PDF
492 607 1 PB PDF
fibras de acero
Mix design of steel fiber
reinforced concrete
EDUARDO MORENO ALMANSA y MANUEL FERNNDEZ CNOVAS
Depto. de Ingeniera Civil-Constnicdn. E.T.S. de Ingenieros de Caminos, Canales y
Puertos. Univ. Politcnica de Madrid
Feccha de recq)cico: 24-IV-97
Fecha de aceptacin: 18-VI-97
ESPAA
RESUMEN
SUMMARY
1. CEMENTO Y AGUA
/ . CEMENT
AND
WATER
CONTENT
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2. RIDOS
12
AGGREGATES
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*;
18
Agua/cemento=0,5
Water/cement=0,5
Tamao max. rido=15mm
Aggregate max. size=15mm
Fibras = 0,5x0,5x30mm
Fibres=0,5x0,5x30mm
Contenido de fibras=Vf = 1,5%
Fibre contei}t=Vf=1.5%
16h
14h
Agua=244 I.
Water=244 I.
E 12
o
Q>
Agua = 234 I.
Water=234 I.
Agua = 22l I.
Water=221 I.
60 65
70
75
Arido fino/rido grueso (%)
Fine aggregate/coarse
aggregate (%)
Fig. 1.- Influencia del contenido de agua y la proporciin de ridos sobre la consistencia.
Fig. ].- Influence of water content and proportion of aggregates on consistency.
1.3
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Size gradation for SFRC are over that for plain concrete
placed in the same conditions. Slurry and mortar volume
are increased and maximum size of aggregate must be
reduced, either to avoid formation of fiber balls, or to
avoid segregation. DIN 1045 standard proposes two
gradation envelopes, defined by three gradation, curves,
for maximum size of 8 mm. This curves are included in
Table I. On the other hand, the French Concrete
Association (5) recommends gradation envelopes
included in Table 2 for shotcrete.
TABLAI (TABLE 1)
Husos granulomtricos para D^^ = Smm. Tanto por ciento en peso que pasa por cada tamiz
(Gradation envelopes for max. size = 8 mm. Percent passing each sieve)
14
0,25
II
Curva (Curve) A
100
61
36
21
11
Curva (Curve) B
100
74
57
42
11
II
Curva (Curve) C
100
85
71
57
21
Curva (Curve) D
discontinuas
(cficontinuous)
100
30
30
30
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TABLA2 (TABLE2)
Husos granulomtricos de la Asociation Franaise du Bton para hormign proyeaado
(Gradation envelopes from Association Franaise du bton for shotcrete)
c, Granulat maximum 0 16 mm
1 1 1
90
80
Ji I I
70
f gr. f
90
80
70
1
in
F
60
60
i 1 M
50
50
ug P
40
30
20
10
1 Modules
Tamis p
20
23
26
008
0 16
0315
TU
I 1 1\
30
20
GRANUlvMMAX 0 1 2 5 m m
10
39 {30(31 32|33i34|
0 63 S j o
40
) 6 | 37 :
o j
5-l?lll S
39
40
41
10
44
12.5
16
20
_ 39J:JI
1 M4211 1
|30(3l{32|33|34|35| 1 1
0 63S.Jc
A'-'l fi]
"1. 1 S 5
1 Modules
20
23
26
1 Tamis 0
008
0 16
0315
36|37|38
CM'I
39
40
41
10
12.5
43|
44
16
20
a. Granulat maximum 0 8 mm
1 1 1 !t p
j
U
W
W\
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
^
ModuiesJ 20
j Tamis n'.O 08
L0
23
26
0 16
0 315
L^ M
W
W
M
\ GRANULAT MAX 0 8 mm
1 I3S{ 1 1
39 30(31132 { 3 3 | 3 4 |
0 63l|.o|
16] 37 38
"]?- 1 si -l
1 1 1 11 1
39
S S
40
41
10
42 143
12.5
16
44 '
20
15
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Cemento I-45A
(Cement I-45A)
Arena
(Sand)
Gravilla
(Fine grave/}
Agua
(Water)
Superplastif.
(Superplastic.)
400 kg
980 kg
851 kg
1771
5.5 kg
rA3I^3 {TABLE 3)
Resistencia a conqjresio de PIRA (28 das de edad)
(Compressive strength ofSFRC at 28 days)
Cuanta
(Quantity)
(kg/m^)
n de
datos
(data)
Media muestra!
(Sample
average)
(Mpa)
D. tpica
muestra!
(D. typical
sample)
(IVIpa)
Coef. de
variacin
(Variation
rate)
Resistencia
caracterstica
(Characteristic
resistance)
(%)
(Mpa)
44,5
1,51
3,4
42,0
40
46,1
1,77
3,8
43,2
80
49,5
2,17
4,4
45,9
120
50,7
3,20
6,3
45,4
3. VOLUME OF FIBERS
16
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TABLA 4 (TABLE 4)
Tamao mximo (mm) admisible para varios casos usuales
(Maximum size for usual cases)
Volumen de fibras
Fibres volume}
(%)
0,3
0,5
0,8
1,0
0,25
15
25
40
50
0,50
10
18
28
35
1,00
7,5
12,5
20
25
10
16
20
^^50
17
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:0,5933a
\-I^^.,^^
G(%)
100
b] (kg/m^)
siendo:
where:
TABLA 5 (TABLE 5)
Parmetros "a" y "b" eu funcin de la esbeltez de lasfibrasy huso granulomtrico
(Parameters "a" y "b"for aspect ratio and gradation)
Esbeltez
(Slendernessl
G ra nul cm et n'a
(Gradation}
ASTM N
60
220
-0,08
^^
176
67
0,06
100
132
68
0,12
___
--_
0,23
___
___
78
0,25
---
045
V,-!-<C
conC = E P
m
C , donde:
gn
where C
IP
C
f!"
gn '
and:
g"
18
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TABLA6 (TABLE 6)
Valares de G (Values for
1
1
1
C)
Cg m in
Cg max.
Cs med.
0-2
1,70
2,00
1,85
2-4
0,95
1,12
1,03
0,66
0,91
0,78
0,54
0,69
0,62
0,10
0,22
0,16
0,00
0,13
007
2-7
^-~^
'^ - ^^
7- 20
12
a)
Agua/cemento=0,5
Water/cement=0.5
Tamao max. rido=15mm
Aggregate max. size = 15mm
Fibras = 0,5x0,5x30mm
Fibres = 0.5x0.5x30mm
10
Agua=210 1.
Water=210 1.
Agua = 221 1.
Water=221 1.
Agua = 228 1.
Water=228 /.
8
o Q)
O
6
^^=^-^^'
Vf = 2.0%
i
50
1
1
1
60
70
80
rido fino/rido grueso (%)
Fine aggregate/coarse aggregate (%)
19
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4. ADITIVOS
4.
20
ADMIXTURES
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5. ADICIONES ACTIVAS
5. ACTIVE
ADDITIONS
21
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6. HORMIGN Y MORTERO
PROYECTADO
6. SHOTCRETE
22
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A B I A 7 aAJ^IJE 7)
Granulometrias recomendadas para hormign y moitero proyeaado (ACI-506) (Recommended gradation for s hooted concrete and moar (A ( 1-506))
TAMICES (SIEVES)
maiia cuadrada
(square mesh)
LUZ DE MALLA
(SIZE OF IVIESH)
(mm)
3/4"
19
1 /2"
12
II
3/8"
10
{1
num. 4
D,3, 12,5 mm
D,ax 1 9 mm
|
|
100
100
80-95
100
90-100
70-90
4,75
95-100
70-85
50-70
num. 8
2,40
80-100
50-70
35-55
" nm 16
1,20
50-85
35-55
20-40
nm. 30
0,60
25-60
20-35
10-30
nm. 50
0,30
10-30
8-20
5-17
nm. 100
0,15
2-10
2-10
2-10
23
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6.1 Va hmeda
It's necessary to avoid fiber balls formed in prebatching to get into the duct. So an adequate steel
mesh to sieve the fibers must be put before the pump; if
fibers are collated, it cannot be necessary. Concrete to
pump must not have much too water volume as, under
pump pressure, fibers and coarse aggregate can be
washed out. Sometimes, consistency needed to pump
doesn Y let concrete stick to ground support when this
is vertical or is on top of the tunnel. It can be solved by
adding an accelerating admixture at the nozzle, or by
adding pozzolan additions or microsilica to improve
adhesion to support. An excess of water facilitates
sloughing, and a lack of it avoids good sticking to
support.
TABLA 8 ( (TABLE 8)
Volumen de conjunto de rido grueso seco compactado (2)
(Volume of dry rodded coarse aggregate including voids between particles (2)
1
24
65
2,40
2,60
2,80
3,00
0,50
0,48
0,46
0,44
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6.2 Va seca
25
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BIBLIOGRAFA
(1)
AMERICAN CONCRETE INSTITUTE: Specification for materials, proportioning and application ofshotcrete. Comit 5 06,
informe 2. 1985.
(2)
AMERICAN CONCRETE INSTITUTE: Proposed report: Placing Concrete by pumping methods. Comit 304, propuesta de 2
informe. ACI Materials Journal, vol. 92, n4. 1995. pgs. 441-464
(3)
AENOR: Hormigones con fibras de acero y/o polipropileno. Determinacin del ndice de tenacidad de resistencia a primera
fisura. UNE ^3510. 1996.
(4)
AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING MATERIALS: Standard test methodforflexural toughness andfirst-crack strength of
fiber reinforced concrete (using beam with third-point loading), vol. 04.02: Concrete and aggregates. Norma C 1018. 1996.
(5)
(6)
BANTHIA, N.; TROTTIER, J.; WOOD, D.; BEAUPRE, D.: Influence offiber geometry in steel fiber reinforced dry-mix
shotcrete. Concrete International, vol. 14, n 5. 1992. pgs 24-28.
(7)
CNOVAS, M.F.: Hormign proyectado. Agrupacin nacional de constructores de obras (ANCOP). Madrid, 1990.
(8)
KRENCHEL, H. : Fibre spacing and specific fibre surface. Fibre reinforced cement and concrete. RILEM Symp. ; Neville, A.
(d.): The Construction Press Ltd. 1975.
(9)
MOENS, J. ; NEMEGEER, D. : Designing fiber reinforced concrete based on toughness characteristics. Concrete intemational,
vol. 13, n 11, 1991. pags. 38-43.
(10)
MORENO, E. : Evaluacin del resistencia al impacto deproyectiles de armas ligeras sobre hormign convencionaly reforzado
con fibras metlicas. Tesis Doctoral presentada en la E.TS. de Ingenieros de Caminos, C. y P. de Madrid. 1995.
(11)
ROUX, J. ; CHEMINAIS, J.; RIVALLAIN; G. ; MOURAND, C. : Bton projec par voie sche avec incorporation dfibres.
Tuimels et ouvrages souterrains, n 92, Mars-April 1989.
(12)
TATNALL, P.C.: Steel fibrous concrete pumped for burst protection. Concrete Intemational, Dec. 1984.
(B)
WOLSIEFER, J.; MORGAN, D. R.: Silica fume in shotcrete. Concrete Intemational, vol. 15, n 4, 1993, pags. 34-38.
(14)
VANDEWALLE, M.: Tunelling the world. 2'* edicin. N.V. Bekaert S.A. 1992. Zwevegem, Belgium.
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