Densidad

Kg/m3

Ce = Calor
especfico

K = Conductividad

w / mC

Kcal / mhrC

J / KgC

Cv = Calor especfico
volumtrico

Kj / m3C

Resistividad

Admisividad

Difusividad

mC / w

Kj2 / sm4C2

10-6m2 / s

Kcal / m3C

Acero

7,760.00

50.00

42.99

450

3,492.00

834.01

0.02 174,500.00

Adobe

1,600.00

0.60

0.52

1,480

2,368.00

565.56

1.67

1,290.00

800.00

0.15

0.13

1,400

1,120.00

267.49

6.67

170.00

0.13

1,000.00

0.58

0.50

4,190

4,190.00

1,000.72

1.72

2,430.00

0.14

1.20

0.03

0.02

1,180

1.42

0.34

38.46

0.04

18.57

Alfombra

1,000.00

0.05

0.04

1,350

1,350.00

322.43

20.00

Aluminio

2,700.00

200.00

171.97

910

2,457.00

586.82

0.01 492,000.00

81.30

Arcilla seca

1,600.00

0.45

0.39

800

1,280.00

305.71

2.22

580.00

0.35

Arena seca

1,520.00

0.50

0.43

810

1,231.20

294.05

2.00

610.00

0.41

Aserrn

200.00

0.60

0.52

0.00

1.67

Asfalto

1,700.00

0.58

0.50

462.86

1.72

1,120.00

0.30

Cartn asfltico

1,100.00

0.14

0.12

0.00

7.14

Cobre

8,900.00

384.00

330.18

0.00

0.00

Concreto ligero

1,800.00

0.72

0.62

1,000

1,800.00

429.90

1.39

1,300.00

0.40

Concreto normal

2,400.00

1.60

1.38

1,050

2,520.00

601.86

0.63

3,600.00

0.62 5,1

Concreto vibrado

0.62 5,1

Aglomerado
Agua
Aire

1,140

1,938.00

14.30

Fuente

Caractersticas trmicas de los principales materiales de construccin

0.26 3,1

5
1
2
5
1

2,400.00

1.63

1.40

805

1,932.00

461.43

0.61

3,600.00

Corcho (placa)

140.00

0.05

0.04

1,800

252.00

60.19

20.00

12.00

0.20

Fibra de madera

250.00

0.05

0.04

1,080

270.00

64.49

20.00

14.00

0.18

Fibra de vidrio

100.00

0.42

0.36

650

65.00

15.52

2.38

3.00

0.65

Grava

1,700.00

1.21

1.04

920

1,564.00

373.54

0.83

Ladrillo ligero

1,600.00

0.56

0.48

900

1,440.00

343.92

1.79

810.00

0.39

Ladrillo normal

1,800.00

0.73

0.63

920

1,656.00

395.51

1.37

1,210.00

0.44

Ladrillo denso

2,000.00

0.95

0.82

1,070

2,140.00

511.11

1.05

2,030.00

0.44

Ladrillo cermico

1,800.00

0.87

0.75

878

1,580.40

377.45

1.15

Lmina asbesto - cem

1,500.00

0.36

0.31

900

1,350.00

322.43

2.78

490.00

0.27

Lmina galvanizada

7,850.00

58.00

49.87

0.00

0.02

Lana mineral (fieltro)

140.00

0.04

0.03

750

105.00

25.08

25.00

4.00

0.37

Madera ligera (Abeto)

510.00

0.10

0.09

1,386

706.86

168.82

10.00

Madera normal (Pino)

600.00

0.14

0.12

1,210

726.00

173.39

7.14

Madera pesada (Roble)

800.00

0.21

0.18

1,255

1,004.00

239.79

4.76

Marmol

2,500.00

2.10

1.81

795

1,987.50

474.68

0.48

Mortero cal - arena

1,690.00

0.73

0.63

0.00

1.37

Mortero cemento - arena

2,130.00

1.40

1.20

452.76

0.71

130.00

0.05

0.04

0.00

20.00

Perlita expandida

890

1,200.00

0.20

0.17

Poliestireno expandido

30.00

0.03

0.03

Poliuretano espuma

35.00

0.02

0.02

Poliuretano expandido

40.00

0.02

0.02

1,590

Roca ligera (arenisca)

2,000.00

1.29

1.11

Roca media (caliza)

2,500.00

1.53

Roca pesada (granito)

2,700.00

1.92

900.00

1,895.70

5
1
5
1
3

100.00

0.19

2,650.00

0.74

1
5

0.00

5.00

12.18

33.33

0.00

50.00

63.60

15.19

50.00

730

1,460.00

348.70

0.78

1,880.00

0.88

1.32

910

2,275.00

543.35

0.65

3,480.00

0.67

1.65

1,030

2,781.00

664.20

0.52

5,340.00

0.65

0.18

0.15

920

828.00

197.75

5.56

1,800.00

1.80

1.55

920

1,656.00

395.51

0.56

Contrachapado

560.00

0.14

0.12

1,400

784.00

187.25

7.14

110.00

0.18

Vermiculita

700.00

0.19

0.16

880

616.00

147.12

5.26

120.00

0.31

2,500.00

0.95

0.82

836

2,090.00

499.16

1.05

1,680.00

700.00

0.28

0.24

840

588.00

140.43

3.57

160.00

0.47

7,130.00

111.00

95.44

380

2,709.40

647.10

0.01 295,900.00

40.90

Plexiglas

Tablarroca
Tierra vegetal

Vidrio
Yeso (aplanado)
Zinc

1,700

51.00

Fuentes: (1) Fernando Tudela (2) Manual de Arquitectura Solar (3) Eduard Mazria (5) Manuel Martn Monroy

2.00

0.66

1
5

0.31 5,1

Caractersticas trmicas bsicas de algunos materiales constructivos

Densidad

K = Conductividad

Kg/m3

W/mC

Kcal/mhrC

Resistividad

Ce = Calor
especfico

mC/W

J/KgC

Cv = Calor especfico
volumtrico

Kj/m3C

Kcal/m3C

Agua
Agua (10C, sin conveccin)
Agua (40C, sin conveccin)
Agua (80C, sin conveccin)
Hielo (0C)
Hielo (-10C)
Nieve fresca
Nieve compactada

1,000
990
970
900
920
200
500

0.60
0.63
0.67
2.20
2.30
0.12
0.60

0.52
0.54
0.58
1.89
1.98
0.10
0.52

1.67
1.59
1.49
0.45
0.43
8.33
1.67

4,190
4,190
4,190
2,000
2,000
2,000
2,000

4,190.00
4,148.10
4,064.30
1,800.00
1,840.00
400.00
1,000.00

1,000.72
990.71
970.70
429.90
439.46
95.53
238.83

980
910
1,120
1,200
1,240
930
1,700

0.25
0.13
0.15
0.17
0.23
0.20
0.40

0.21
0.11
0.13
0.15
0.20
0.17
0.34

4.00
7.69
6.67
5.88
4.35
5.00
2.50

1,000
1,100
2,000
1,400
2,140
1,100
1,000

980.00
1,001.00
2,240.00
1,680.00
2,653.60
1,023.00
1,700.00

234.06
239.07
534.99
401.24
633.77
244.33
406.02

550
600
1,000
1,400
450
1,250
600
2,300
2,400
1,050

0.12
0.21
0.43
0.53
0.17
0.50
0.22
1.75
1.80
0.25

0.10
0.18
0.37
0.65
0.15
0.43
0.19
1.50
1.55
0.21

8.33
4.76
2.33
1.89
5.88
2.00
4.55
0.57
0.56
4.00

1,004
1,010
1,005
1,000
840
1,000
880
920
1,050
837

552.20
606.00
1,005.00
1,400.00
378.00
1,250.00
528.00
2,116.00
2,520.00
878.85

131.88
144.73
240.03
334.37
90.28
298.54
126.10
505.37
601.86
209.90

1,600
400
720
1,200
720
1,600
1,800
1,200
1,680

0.80
0.08
0.20
0.42
0.21
0.80
1.00
1.20
0.81

0.69
0.07
0.17
0.36
0.18
0.69
0.86
1.03
0.70

1.25
12.50
5.00
2.38
4.76
1.25
1.00
0.83
1.23

840
837
837
837
1,340
1,000
1,000
840
838

1,344.00
334.80
602.64
1,004.40
964.80
1,600.00
1,800.00
1,008.00
1,407.84

320.99
79.96
143.93
239.89
230.43
382.14
429.90
240.75
336.24

1
2
4
2
6

0.025
0.017
0.009
0.014
0.013

0.02
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01

40.00
58.82
111.11
71.43
76.92

1,008
519
245
820
614

1.24
0.88
0.87
1.60
3.91

0.30
0.21
0.21
0.38
0.93

600
700
525
560
700
800
524
600

0.14
0.19
0.12
0.15
0.15
0.15
0.14
0.14

0.12
0.16
0.10
0.13
0.13
0.13
0.12
0.12

7.14
5.26
8.33
6.67
6.67
6.67
7.14
7.14

2,720
2,400
1,880
2,500
1,420
2,090
2,280
1,700

1,632.00
1,680.00
987.00
1,400.00
994.00
1,672.00
1,194.72
1,020.00

389.78
401.24
235.73
334.37
237.40
399.33
285.34
243.61

Cauchos
Butadiene
Caucho natural
Caucho vulcanizado
Ebonita
Neopreno (policlroropreno)
Poliisobutileno
Polisulfuro

Concretos
Concreto aireado
Cemento-Arena-Poliestireno granulado (d.b.)
Cemento-Arena-Poliestireno granulado (d.m.)
Cemento-Arena-Poliestireno granulado (d.m.)
Concreto con agregado de vermiculita
Concreto con arcilla expansiva
Concreto celular
Concreto normal
Concreto reforzado
Concreto refractario

Enlucidos y morteros
Enlucido cal-cemento
Enlucido de perlita
Enlucido de vermiculita
Enlucido de yeso
Enlucido de yeso con perlita
Mortero cal-arena
Mortero cemento-arena
Mortero de piedra caliza
Mortero yeso-arena

Gases (sin conveccin)

Aire
Argn
Criptn
Dixido de carbono
Hexafluoruro de azufre

Maderas
Madera normal (pino, cedro)
Madera pesada (roble, encino)
Madera resinosa
Contrachapado ligero
Contrachapado pesado
Aglomerado
Sauce, abedul
Tablero de fibra (MDF)

Mampostera
Adobe
Adobe con alto contenido de paja
Bloque de concreto
Bloque de concreto celular
Bloque de concreto con perlita
Bloque Hebel (conc. aireado autoclaveado)
Ladrillo de arcilla comn
Ladrillo cermico
Ladrillo de pumicita
Ladrillo de vermiculita

1,600
400
2,300
760
1,344
550
1,700
1,800
1,375
700

0.95
0.30
1.63
0.24
0.39
0.11
0.84
0.87
0.38
0.27

0.82
0.26
1.40
0.21
0.34
0.09
0.72
0.75
0.33
0.23

1.05
3.33
0.61
4.17
2.56
9.09
1.19
1.15
2.63
3.70

920
900
1,000
1,000
837
896
900
1,330
840
840

1,472.00
360.00
2,300.00
760.00
1,124.93
492.80
1,530.00
2,394.00
1,155.00
588.00

351.56
85.98
549.32
181.51
268.67
117.70
365.42
571.77
275.85
140.43

100
160
90
30
45
14
10
160
120
45
97
160
225
144
310
329
30
40
150
12
20
30
130
10
15
25
35
35
45
30
35
35
240
120
264
136

0.060
0.040
0.060
0.040
0.030
0.054
0.040
0.055
0.051
0.035
0.038
0.040
0.060
0.037
0.057
0.067
0.040
0.038
0.035
0.040
0.036
0.032
0.045
0.046
0.040
0.035
0.034
0.030
0.026
0.028
0.028
0.026
0.050
0.035
0.069
0.051

0.05
0.03
0.05
0.03
0.03
0.05
0.03
0.05
0.04
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.05
0.03
0.05
0.06
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.04
0.04
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.04
0.03
0.06
0.04

16.67
25.00
16.67
25.00
33.33
18.52
25.00
18.18
19.61
28.57
26.32
25.00
16.67
27.03
17.54
14.93
25.00
26.32
28.57
25.00
27.78
31.25
22.22
21.74
25.00
28.57
29.41
33.33
38.46
35.71
35.71
38.46
20.00
28.57
14.49
19.61

1,500
1,888
1,500
1,400
1,470
1,470
1,400
750
1,000
2,100
1,000
1,360
2,100
712
1,300
1,090
840
840
840
840
840
840
835
1,400
1,400
1,400
1,400
1,400
1,470
1,470
1,590
1,590
1,340
880
880
754

150.00
302.08
135.00
42.00
66.15
20.58
14.00
120.00
120.00
94.50
97.00
217.60
472.50
102.53
403.00
358.61
25.20
33.60
126.00
10.08
16.80
25.20
108.55
14.00
21.00
35.00
49.00
49.00
66.15
44.10
55.65
55.65
321.60
105.60
232.32
102.54

35.83
72.15
32.24
10.03
15.80
4.92
3.34
28.66
28.66
22.57
23.17
51.97
112.85
24.49
96.25
85.65
6.02
8.02
30.09
2.41
4.01
6.02
25.93
3.34
5.02
8.36
11.70
11.70
15.80
10.53
13.29
13.29
76.81
25.22
55.49
24.49

2,300
2,100
2,100
1,050
1,100
960
2,325

1.20
0.70
1.20
0.17
0.23
0.19
1.15

1.03
0.60
1.03
0.15
0.20
0.16
0.99

0.83
1.43
0.83
5.88
4.35
5.26
0.87

1,700
920
920
1,000
1,000
837
837

3,910.00
1,932.00
1,932.00
1,050.00
1,100.00
803.52
1,946.03

933.84
461.43
461.43
250.78
262.72
191.91
464.78

Materiales aislantes
Corcho (granulado)
Corcho (tablero)
Espuma de caucho
Espuma fenlica
Espuma de poliisocianato
Espuma de resina urea
Espuma de urea-formaldehdo
Espuma de vidrio
Fibra de cscara de arroz
Fibra de celulosa
Fibra de coco
Fibra de lana
Fibra de madera
Fibra mineral (colchoneta reforzada con metal)
Fibra de paja
Fibra de yute
Lana mineral (colchoneta)
Lana mineral (tablero estndar)
Lana mineral (tablero para cubierta)
Lana de vidrio (colchoneta)
Lana de vidrio (tablero estndar)
Lana de vidrio (panel de alto desempeo)
Perlita expandida
Poliestireno expandido (dens. baja)
Poliestireno expandido (dens. media)
Poliestireno expandido (dens. alta)
Poliestireno extrudo (inyectado con CO2)
Poliestireno extruido (inyectado con HFC)
Poliisocianurato
Poliuretano espreado
Poliuretano espuma rgida (difusin abierta)
Poliuretano espuma rgida (difusin cerrada)
Tejido de lana
Vermiculita expandida
Vermiculita exfoliada suelta
Vidrio celular

Materiales bituminosos
Asfalto con capa reflectante
Asfalto puro
Asfalto vertido
Betumen (betn) puro
Fieltro bituminoso
Fieltro para cubierta
Mastique asfltico

Metales
Acero normal
Acero inoxidable
Aluminio
Bronce
Cobre
Estao
Hierro
Latn
Plomo
Zinc

7,800
7,900
2,800
8,700
8,900
7,300
7,500
8,400
11,300
7,200

50.00
17.00
160.00
65.00
380.00
65.00
50.00
120.00
35.00
110.00

42.99
14.62
137.58
55.89
326.74
55.89
42.99
103.18
30.09
94.58

0.02
0.06
0.01
0.02
0.00
0.02
0.02
0.01
0.03
0.01

450
460
880
380
380
235
450
380
130
380

3,510.00
3,634.00
2,464.00
3,306.00
3,382.00
1,715.50
3,375.00
3,192.00
1,469.00
2,736.00

838.31
867.92
588.49
789.59
807.74
409.72
806.07
762.36
350.85
653.45

1,125
700
380
1,120
690
900
800
980
170
350

0.20
0.36
0.06
0.38
0.17
0.25
0.18
0.12
0.06
0.08

0.17
0.31
0.05
0.33
0.15
0.21
0.15
0.10
0.05
0.07

5.00
2.78
17.86
2.63
5.88
4.00
5.56
8.33
18.18
12.20

1,500
1,050
1,000
840
900
920
817
1,512
840
840

1,687.50
735.00
380.00
940.80
621.00
828.00
653.60
1,481.76
142.80
294.00

403.03
175.54
90.76
224.70
148.32
197.75
156.10
353.90
34.11
70.22

1,050
1,150
1,410
1,200
1,180
910
2,200
1,390
1,200
1,300
1,400
700

0.20
0.25
0.30
0.20
0.18
0.20
0.25
0.17
0.20
0.30
0.19
0.18

0.17
0.21
0.26
0.17
0.15
0.17
0.21
0.15
0.17
0.26
0.16
0.15

5.00
4.00
3.33
5.00
5.56
5.00
4.00
5.88
5.00
3.33
5.26
5.56

1,500
1,600
1,400
1,200
1,500
1,800
1,000
900
1,400
1,700
1,200
1,004

1,575.00
1,840.00
1,974.00
1,440.00
1,770.00
1,638.00
2,200.00
1,251.00
1,680.00
2,210.00
1,680.00
702.80

376.16
439.46
471.46
343.92
422.74
391.21
525.44
298.78
401.24
527.82
401.24
167.85

2,875
2,550
2,700
2,600
2,000
1,600
2,000
2,600
400
2,600
2,755
2,500

3.50
3.50
2.90
2.80
1.30
0.85
1.40
2.30
0.20
2.30
2.00
2.90

3.01
3.01
2.49
2.41
1.12
0.73
1.20
1.98
0.17
1.98
1.72
2.49

0.29
0.29
0.34
0.36
0.77
1.18
0.71
0.43
5.00
0.43
0.50
0.34

840
840
900
800
730
840
840
840
1,000
840
840
840

2,415.00
2,142.00
2,430.00
2,080.00
1,460.00
1,344.00
1,680.00
2,184.00
400.00
2,184.00
2,314.20
2,100.00

576.79
511.58
580.37
496.78
348.70
320.99
401.24
521.61
95.53
521.61
552.71
501.55

1,460
1,960
1,800
1,500
1,900
1,800
1,800
2,180
1,460
1,800
1,800

1.30
1.21
0.70
1.50
0.80
1.18
1.79
1.49
1.28
2.10
1.80

1.12
1.04
0.60
1.29
0.69
1.01
1.54
1.28
1.10
1.81
1.55

0.77
0.83
1.43
0.67
1.25
0.85
0.56
0.67
0.78
0.48
0.56

880
840
790
2,085
840
1,250
1,190
840
880
1,460
920

1,284.80
1,646.40
1,422.00
3,127.50
1,596.00
2,250.00
2,142.00
1,831.20
1,284.80
2,628.00
1,656.00

306.85
393.22
339.62
746.95
381.18
537.38
511.58
437.35
306.85
627.66
395.51

Paneles y tableros
Durock
Panel de asbesto cemento
Plafn acstico reticular
Plafn de yeso
Tablaroca
Tablero cartn-yeso
Tablero cartn-yeso-perlita
Tablero de fibrocemento
Tablero de perlita expandida
Tablero de vermiculita expandida

Plasticos
Acrlico
Nylon
Poliacetato
Policarbonato
Polimetilmetacrilato (PMMA)
Polipropileno
Politetrafluoretileno (PTFE)
Cloruro de polivinilo (PVC)
Resina epxica
Resina fenlica
Resina de poliester
Silicn

Rocas
Basalto
Gneis (roca metamrfica)
Granito
Marmol
Roca arenisca
Roca caliza (blanda)
Roca caliza (normal)
Roca caliza (dura)
Piedra pmez
Piedra sedimentaria
Pizarra
Prfido (roca gnea)

Suelos
Arcilla
Arcilla aluvial, 40% arena
Arena seca
Cieno
Grava
Suelo arcilloso
Suelo arenoso
Suelo calizo
Tierra comn
Tierra compacta, humedad normal
Tierra vegetal

Recubrimientos
Alfombra
Alfombra con subcapa de caucho celular
Cermica vidriada
Loseta de barro
Loseta de caucho
Loseta cermica
Loseta de corcho
Loseta de goma sinttica
Loseta de gres
Loseta de linoleum
Loseta de pizarra
Loseta de plstico
Loseta de PVC
Porcelana
Teja de barro

1,000
400
2,500
1,900
1,600
2,300
530
1,600
2,400
1,200
2,700
1,000
2,000
2,300
2,000

0.06
0.10
1.40
0.85
0.30
1.30
0.08
0.30
1.40
0.19
2.00
0.20
0.35
1.30
1.00

0.05
0.09
1.20
0.73
0.26
1.12
0.07
0.26
1.20
0.16
1.72
0.17
0.30
1.12
0.86

16.67
10.00
0.71
1.18
3.33
0.77
12.50
3.33
0.71
5.26
0.50
5.00
2.86
0.77
1.00

1,300
1,360
840
837
2,000
840
1,800
2,000
1,100
1,470
753
1,000
837
840
800

1,300.00
544.00
2,100.00
1,590.30
3,200.00
1,932.00
954.00
3,200.00
2,640.00
1,764.00
2,033.10
1,000.00
1,674.00
1,932.00
1,600.00

310.48
129.93
501.55
379.82
764.27
461.43
227.85
764.27
630.52
421.30
485.57
238.83
399.81
461.43
382.14

2,500
2,000
2,500
2,200
2,950

0.70
1.20
1.00
1.40
0.78

0.60
1.03
0.86
1.20
0.67

1.43
0.83
1.00
0.71
1.28

837
750
750
750
738

2,092.50
1,500.00
1,875.00
1,650.00
2,177.10

499.76
358.25
447.81
394.08
519.97

Vidrios
Bloque de vidrio
Mosaico de vidrio
Vidrio claro comn
Vidrio de cuarzo
Vidrio espejo

Absortancia solar y emisividad de algunas superficies constructivas

Material (superficie)

Absortancia

Emisividad

Hoja de aluminio brillante

0.05 - 0.10

0.05 - 0.10

Lmina de aluminio con ptina de oxidacin

0.30 - 0.50

0.20 - 0.50

Pintura de aluminio

0.40 - 0.55

0.40 - 0.55

Hierro galvanizado con ptina normal

0.30 - 0.50

0.20 - 0.40

Encalado reciente

0.12

0.90

Madera

0.40

0.90

Ladrillo, teja, piedra

0.70

0.90

Concreto aparente

0.45 - 0.60

0.90

Pintura de aceite blanca

0.20

0.90

Pintura verde o gris, clara

0.40

0.90

Pintura verde o gris, obscura

0.70

0.90

Pintura negra, asfalto

0.85

0.90

Fuente: M. Evans (1980) y B. Givoni (1976)

Resistencias estndares de las pelculas superficiales de aire (mC/W)

Elemento vertical
(p.e. muro)

Resistencia de la pelcula de aire exterior (Rso)

Elemento horizontal
(p.e. cubierta)

Resistencia de la pelcula de aire exterior (Rso)

Resistencia de la pelcula de aire interior (Rsi)

Resistencia de la pelcula de aire interior (Rsi)

0.053
0.120
0.044
0.150

Notas: Todas las resistencias se estiman para superficies con emisividad normal. La
resistencia de la pelcula de aire interior en elementos horizontales se considera con un flujo
de calor descendente; para un flujo de calor ascendente se indica una resistencia superficial
de 0.11 m2C/W. En las superficies exteriores se considera una exposicin moderada al
viento.
Fuente: Overleas Building Notes No. 57 de la BRS, actualmente BRE, Watford (G.B.)