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10 Ejemplo de aplicacin
Disear la losa maciza de hormign armado, que forma parte de un piso de un
edificio el cual tiene pantallas o muros de corte y la losa no tiene vigas
interiores ni tampoco vigas de borde. El diseo se debe realizar utilizando el
Mtodo Directo
Columnas de Ho Ao 0.40 m x 0.40 m
Altura del piso = 2.70 m
5m
5m
6m
6m
6m
m=0
5m
=0.83> 0.5
6m
Disear
como
losa
bidireccional
h
ln ( 800+ 0.071 f y )
( )]
1
36000+5000 m 0.5(1 s) 1+
s=
13 cm
=1.22
h=
36000+50001.25 00.5(0) 1+
1
1.22
)]
= 17 cm
hmin =
ln
30
5.60 m
30
h = 18 cm
Carga Muerta = Peso propio de la losa + Peso muro ladrillo + Peso de los
acabados
Carga Muerta = (0.18m) (2500 kg/m3) + 100 kg/m2 + 80 kg/m2
Carga Muerta = 630 kg/m2
Carga Mayorada
Wu = 1.2 (CM) + 1.6 (CV) = 1.20 (630 kg/m2) + 1.6 (250 kg/m2)
kg/m2
Wu = 1156
d/2
C2 + d
d/2
d/2
d/2
C1 + d
C1 = 0.40m
Peralte efectivo
d=hr
/2
Asumir As con = 12 mm
S=5m
d = 18 cm 3 cm 1.2 cm/2
d = 14.40 cm
Qu V c
Qu=W u [ ( S ) ( L )( d+ c)2 ]
Qu = 34337.90 kg
217.60 cm
(0.1156
kg
2
) [ ( 500 cm ) ( 600 cm) (14.40 cm+40 cm) ]
cm 2
L=6m
V C =0.27 2+
4
C
) f c b d 1.06 f c b d
o
DondeC 1 C 2
c 1 40 cm
=
=1.00
c 2 40 cm
V C =0.27 2+
kg
(217.60 cm)(14.40 cm)=48132.30 kg
cm 2
Se asume Vc = 48132.30kg
Vc = (0.75)(48132.30 kg) =
36099.25 kg
Qu V c
Se cumple
OK!
S=5m
Qu=W u ( S )( L ) c 1 +
Qu= 0.1156
d
(c + d)
2 2
)[
L=6m
d/2
kg
14.40
( 500 )( 600 ) 40+
( 40+14.40 )
2
2
cm
C2 + d
Qu = 34383.17 Kg
C1 + d/2
V C =0.27 2+
4
C
) f c b d 1.06 f c b d
o
c 1 40 cm
=
=1.00
c 2 40 cm
V C =0.27 2+
kg
(148.80 cm)(14.40 cm)=32914.02 kg
cm 2
Se asume Vc = 32914.02kg
24685.51 kg
Si cumple que
Qu V c
)[
kg
( 168.80 cm) ( 24.40 cm )=63267.10 kg
cm 2
L = 5m
([ SC2 )d ] [ L]
1
C2
C1
V u= 0.1156
kg
cm 2
)14.40 ] [ 600 cm ]
)[( 50040
2
Vu = 14954.02 kg
S=4m
V u V c
OK!
V u=wu
Vu = 15351.70 kg
V c =0.53 f c ( S )( d )=0.53 210 (500cm)(14.40cm)
V c
Vc = 55299.10 kg
Si cumple que
OK!
5.- Clculo del momento flector factorizado para la luz larga L = 5 m
( w u )( l 2) ( l n2 )
M O=
=
8
Mo = 22657.60 kg
m
6.- Momento flector factorizado positivo y negativo
Tramo interior
M- = 0.65 Mo = - 14727.44 kg m
M+ = 0.35 Mo = 7930.16 kg m
Momento negativo
Momento positivo
M - = - 0.26 Mo = - 5890.98 kg m
M + = 0.52 Mo = 11781.95 kg m
M - = - 0.70 Mo = - 15860.32 kg m
Luz interna ln
Luz externa ln
M - = - 14.73 tn m
M - = - 15.86 tn m
M - = - 14.73n m
M - = - 5.89 tn m
M + = 7.93 tn m
M + = 7.93 tn m
+
M + = 11.78 tn m
Franja de columnas
Franjas centrales
Factorizado
Momentos
s Negativos
Momento (tn m)
5.89
100
5.89
11.78
60
7.068
15.86
75
11.89
75
60
11.05
4.76
y Positivos
Momento (tn m)
(tn m)
Tramo Exterior
M negativo
exterior
M positivo
M negativo
interior
Tramo Interior
M negativo
M positivo
14.743
7.93
40
25
4.71
25
40
3.68
3.17
3.96
Mi=0.07 [ ( w d +0.5 w l ) l 2 ln w d l 2 l n
2
w d l 2l n
se refieren al claro
corto
2
2
2
2
2
Mi=0.07 [ ( 756 kg/m +0.50400 kg / m ) ( 5 m ) (5.60 m) ( 756 kg/m ) (5 m ) (5.60 m) ]
Mi = 2195.20 kg m
Mc = Mi/2
Mc = 1097.6
Columnas exterior
2 c 1+ d
1+
3 c 2+ d
M des =
2 40+ 14.40
1+
3 40+ 14.40
f
=0.60
M des = 3534.60 kg m
Franja de Columnas
Tramo Exterior
a d d2
2( Mu )
(0.85)( f 'c )(b)
Mu
As
. f y d
Usar
As
a (14.40) (14.40) 2
2(589000)
(0.90)(0.85)( 210)(100)
589000
2.82
= 16 mm c/15 cm
a = 2.82 cm
As = 12.18 cm2/m
As = 13.40 cm2/m
f'
6090
max 0.75 b 0.75 0.85 1 c
f y 6090 f y
rmin<r<rmax
( 210)
6090
0.75 0.85(0.85)
max
= 0.0214
min
= 0.016
14
0.79 f c
> fy
fy
min =
0.79 210
= 0.002726>
4200
14
4200 = 0.0033
Armadura mxima y mnima a flexin
As max =
max
Asmax
min
23.04
cm2/m
As min =
a d d2
2( Mu )
(0.85)( f 'c )(b)
Mu
As
. f y d
Usar
As
a = 1.80 cm
353460
1.80
4 16 mm
As = 8.04 cm2
Franja de columna
As = 6.93 cm2
Franja central
Franja central
1.25 m
1.25 m
1.25 m
1.25 m
Tablero Exterior
6m
5m
Tramo Exterior
a d d2
As
2( Mu )
(0.85)( f 'c )(b)
Mu
a
. f y d
2
a d d2
2( Mu )
(0.85)( f 'c )(b)
. f y d
Usar
2(706800)
(0.90)(0.85)( 210)(100)
706800
3.44
a = 3.44 cm
As = 14.75 cm2/m
As = 16.75 cm2/m
Mu
As
As
a (14.40) (14.40) 2
= 16 mm c/12 cm
Usar
Tramo Exterior
5m
As
a (14.40) (14.40) 2
2(1189000)
(0.90)(0.85)( 210)(100)
1189000
6.70
= 16 mm c/8.5 cm
a = 6.70 cm
As = 22.46 cm2/m
As = 23.63 cm2/m
Tramo Interior
a d d2
As
2( Mu )
(0.85)( f 'c )(b)
Mu
a
. f y d
2
Tramo Interior
a d d2
Mu
As = 21.65 cm2/m
As = 23.63 cm2/m
As
a (14.40) (14.40) 2
2(476,000)
(0.90)(0.85)( 210)(100)
476000
2.23
= 16 mm c/20 cm
Usar
b)
a = 6.04 cm
2( Mu )
(0.85)( f 'c )(b)
. f y d
2(1105000)
(0.90)(0.85)( 210)(100)
110500
6.04
= 16 mm c/8.5 cm
Usar
As
As
a (14.40) (14.40) 2
a = 2.23 cm
As = 9.47 cm2/m
As = 10.05 cm2/m
Franja Central
Tramo Exterior
mnima)
Momento
Tramo Exterior
a d d2
2( Mu )
(0.85)( f 'c )(b)
Mu
As
. f y d
Usar
Tramo Exterior
As
negativo
exterior
a (14.40) (14.40) 2
0(Colocar
2(471000)
(0.90)(0.85)( 210)(100)
471000
2.20
= 16 mm c/20cm
armadura
As = 9.37 cm2/m
As = 10.05 cm2/m
a = 2.20 cm
a d d2
As
2( Mu )
(0.85)( f 'c )(b)
Mu
a
. f y d
2
Tramo Interior
a d d2
Mu
a
. f y d
2
As
As
2( Mu )
(0.85)( f 'c )(b)
a
. f y d
2
Usar
2(368000)
a = 1.69 cm
(0.90)(0.85)( 210)(100)
368000
1.69
As = 7.18 cm2/m
As = 10.05 cm2/m
Mu
As = 10.05 cm2/m
a (14.40) (14.40) 2
= 16 mm c/25cm
Usar
a d d2
As = 7.77 cm2/m
2( Mu )
(0.85)( f 'c )(b)
Tramo Interior
2(396000)
a = 1.83 cm
(0.90)(0.85)( 210)(100)
396000
1.83
= 16 mm c/25cm
Usar
As
As
a (14.40) (14.40) 2
As
a (14.40) (14.40) 2
2(317000)
a = 1.44 cm
(0.90)(0.85)( 210)(100)
317000
1.44
= 16 mm c/30cm
As = 6.13 cm2/m
As = 6.70 cm2/m