Introduccin a la Lectura Comprensiva de Ingls Acadmico para Medicina Veterinaria

FICHA #8: TIEMPOS VERBALES (formacin)

En un curso de lectura comprensiva, la idea de presentar la formacin de los tiempos verbales es slo para reconocimiento de los mismos en los textos. El siguiente cuadro muestra, de manera muy sinttica y a travs de ejemplos, cmo se forman los tiempos verbales llamados simple en ingls, en sus formas afirmativa, negativa e interrogativa. SIMPLE PRESENT
I (You, We, They) need some more tests. (Yo) necesito algunos tests ms. She (He, It) works perfectly in this environment. (Ella) trabaja perfectamente en este ambiente. How do you (I, we, they) prepare the samples? Cmo prepars (vos) las muestras? DO+I, WE, THEY+INFINITIVO What does she (he, it) measure? Qu mide (ella)? DOES+SHE, HE, IT+INFINITIVO (NO S) They do not (dont) understand the reason. (Ellos) no comprenden la razn. DO + NOT + INFINITIVO He does not (doesnt) consider that variable at all. (l) no considera para nada esa variable. DOES + NOT + INFINITIVO (NO s)

SIMPLE PAST
I worked all night yesterday. (Yo) trabaj toda la noche ayer. VERBOS REGULARES (desinencia ed) They took it to the laboratory. (Ellos) lo llevaron al laboratorio. VERBOS IRREGULARES (2 columna, ver siguiente tema de este manual) What did you bring to the field last week? Qu trajiste al campo (vos) la semana pasada? DID+SUJETO+INFINITIVO We did not (didnt) believe it. (Nosotros) no lo cremos. DID+ NOT+VERBO INFINITIVO

SIMPLE FUTURE (will)

She will decide soon. (Ella) decidir pronto. SUJETO+WILL+INFINITIVO What will you write in the abstract? Qu escribirs (vos) en el abstract? WILL+SUJETO+ INFINITIVO They will not (wont) come until tomorrow. (Ellos) no vendrn hasta maana. SUJETO+WILL+NOT+INFINITIVO SIMPLE CONDITIONAL (WOULD) She would come if she could. (Ella) vendra si pudiera. SUJETO+WOULD+VERBO INF. What would you do if you were very rich? Qu haras si tuvieras mucho dinero? WOULD+SUJETO+VERBO INF. They would not live here if it were not for you. (Ellos) no viviran aqu si no fuera por vos. SUJ.+WOULD+NOT+VERBO INF.

1. Encerr con Prctica Opcional:

los verbos en tiempos simple de los siguientes enunciados excepto to be-

2. Expreslas en espaol. 3. Transformlas al negativo y al interrogativo, para lo cual identific correctamente el actor del enunciado. 4. Record consultar la lista de verbos irregulares para familiarizarte con los infinitivos. Ej: Zoby and Holmes (1983) reported that with extreme differences in animal size (mature cows vs stockers vs

calves), bite size values calculated indirectly from estimated herbage intake and total daily bites were different. Zoby y Holmes informaron que, con extremas diferencias en tamao del animal, (vacas maduras vs vacas en engorde vs terneros) los valores del tamao del mordisco, calculados indirectamente a partir de la ingesta de hierba y los mordiscos diarios, eran diferentes. Zoby and Holmes did not report that . Did Zoby and Holmes report that ?

1. Vaccines do not always prevent infection.

Tiempos Verbales

2. Apocrine edenomas resemble the secretory region of the apocrine glands.

3. Dry-cow therapy will cure some infections that exist at the time of drying off.

4. Basosquamous cell carcinomas do not have a tendency to develop on the head.

5. Equine Infectious Anemia tends to become an inapparent infection but occasionally results in death.

6. This observation indicates that the relationship of bite size to animal size needs further consideration.

7. Estrogen, by itself, does not contribute to the development of cystic endometrial hyperplasia or pyometra.

8. A neoplasm of intermediate malignancy is locally infiltrative and difficult to excise but does not metastasize.

9. Canine demodicosis is a common disease in dogs and occurs when large numbers of Demodeex canis mites inhabit hair follicles, sebaceous glands, or apocrine sweat glands.

10. Prevention of new cases of mastitis depends on reducing exposure of uninfected cows to infected cows during milking.

Introduccin a la Lectura Comprensiva de Ingls Acadmico para Medicina Veterinaria

El siguiente cuadro muestra, por su parte, de manera muy sinttica y a travs de ejemplos tambin, cmo se forman los tiempos verbales llamados progressive en ingls, en sus formas afirmativa, negativa e interrogativa. PRESENT PROGRESSIVE
I am analyzing the data now. (Yo) estoy analizando los datos ahora. She (He, It) is testing the equipment right now. (Ella) est probando el equipo en este momento. We (They, You) are controlling the plague. (Nosotros) estamos controlando la plaga.

PAST PROGRESSIVE
She (He, It) was working when they arrived. (Ella) estaba trabajando cuando (ellos) llegaron. I, HE, SHE, IT+WAS+ ING You, (We, They) were talking when the class started. (Vos) estabas conversando cuando la clase comenz. YOU, WE, THEY+WERE+VERBO+ -ING He was not (wasnt) reading when the phone rang. (l) no estaba leyendo cuando el telfono son. I, HE, SHE, IT+WAS+NOT+ING They were not (werent) watching the students when the accident happened. (Ellos) no estaban observando a los estudiantes cuando ocurri el accidente. YOU, WE, THEY+WERE+NOT+ ING

FUTURE PROGRESSIVE
I will be travelling by the time they arrive. SUJETO+ WILL BE+ ING Will you be waiting for us? WILL+SUJETO+BE+ ING? They will not (wont) be listening to you by the time you finish the class. SUJETO+WILL+NOT+BE+ ING CONDITIONAL PROGRESSIVE She would be studying here if she could. SUJETO+WOULD BE+ING What would you be doing if you were in the Caribbean now? WOULD+SUJETO+BE+ING He would not (wouldnt) be complaining if he knew the reason. SUJ.+WOULD NOT BE+ING

SUJETO+AM, IS, ARE+ING What is he (she, it) preparing? Qu est preparando (l) What are you (we, they) doing there? Qu ests haciendo (vos) ah? What am I doing? Qu estoy haciendo (yo)? AM, IS, ARE+SUBJECT+ING?

I am not (m not) saying that. (Yo) no estoy diciendo eso. Why was she analyzing the samples, He is not (isnt) looking at that instead of you, when I arrived? sample. Por qu estaba ella analizando las muestras, (l) no est mirando esa muestra. y no vos, cuando (yo) llegu? They are not (arent) recording it. WAS+I, HE, SHE, IT+ING? (Ellos) no estn registrndolo. SUJETO+ AM, IS, What were you doing when they arrived? ARE+NOT+ING Qu estabas haciendo cuando (ellos) llegaron? WERE+ YOU, WE THEY+ ING?

1. Encerr con Prctica Opcional:

las frases verbales de los siguientes enunciados en tiempos progressive o continuos.

2. Expreslas en espaol. 3. Transformlas al negativo y al interrogativo, para lo cual identific correctamente el actor del enunciado. 4. Escrib el infinitivo del verbo principal. Record consultar la lista de verbos irregulares para familiarizarte con los infinitivos. 1. The cow is calving in the pen right now.

2. They are measuring the feed intake.

3. He was isolating the piglets when they arrived.

4. We were weighing the steers when the bull attacked us.

5. He will be examining the fecal samples tomorrow morning in the lab.

Tiempos Verbales

El siguiente y ltimo cuadro muestra, de manera muy sinttica y a travs de ejemplos, al igual que los anteriores, cmo se forman los tiempos verbales llamados perfect en ingls, en sus formas afirmativa, negativa e interrogativa. PRESENT PERFECT
I (You, We They) have already finished. (Yo) ya termin. He (She, It) has already started. (l) ya comenz. VERBOS REGULARES: SUJETO+HAVE/HAS+ED I (You, We, They) have taken a decision. He tomado / Tom una decisin. She (He, It) has brought this new idea for us to analyze. (Ella) ha trado / trajo esta nueva idea para que nosotros la analicemos. VERBOS IRREGULARES: SUJETO+HAVE/HAS+P ARTICIPIO: -ED O 3 COLUMNA) She has not (hasnt) finished yet. (Ella) no They have not (havent) met. HAD+SUJETO+PARTICIPIO SUJETO+HAVE/HAS+NOT+PARTICIPIO What have you used here? Where has she failed? PARTICIPIO: VERBOS REGULARES: DESINENCIA ED VERBOS IRREGULARES: 3 COLUMNA

PAST PERFECT
They had collected the samples when it started to rain. (Ellos) haban juntado las muestras cuando comenz a llover. She had taken everything out before the building collapsed. (Ella) haba sacado todo antes de que el edificio se viniera abajo. SUJETO+HAD+PARTICIPIO We had not (hadnt) finished when they arrived. (Nosotros) no habamos terminado cuando ellos llegaron. SUJETO+HAD+NOT+PARTICIPIO How many samples had you taken before we changed the method? Cuntas muestras habas tomado antes de que (nosotros) cambiramos el mtodo?

FUTURE PERFECT
I will have finished by the time they arrive. (Yo) habr terminado para cuando (ellos) lleguen. SUJETO+WILL HAVE+PARTICIPIO They will not (wont) have finished the career by the time they get married. (Ellos) no habrn terminado la carrera para cuando se casen. SUJETO+WILL NOT+PARTICIPIO Will you have practiced enough when the date of the exam finally arrives? Habrs practicado lo suficiente para cuando llegue la fecha del examen? WILL+SUJETO+HAVE+PARTICIPIO

CONDITIONAL PERFECT
We would have understood if you had explained. SUJ.+WOULD HAVE+ PARTICIPIO The researcher would not (wouldnt) have told you that if he had known the conditions. SUJ.+WOULD NOT HAVE+PART. How would you have reacted if you have been in the same situation? WOULD+SUJ.+HAVE+PARTICIPIO

HAVE/ HAS+SUJETO+PARTICIPIO

1. Encerr con Prctica Opcional:

las frases verbales de los siguientes enunciados en tiempos perfect.

2. Expreslas en espaol. 3. Transformlas al negativo y al interrogativo, para lo cual identific correctamente el actor del enunciado. 4. Escrib el infinitivo del verbo principal. Record consultar la lista de verbos irregulares para familiarizarte con los infinitivos. 1. The infected calves will have died by next Friday.

2. No scientist has established the origin of canine parvovirus.

3. Use of penicillin in mastitis therapy has led to problems of human health.

4. Variants of the parvovirus have appeared since the disease was first recognized.

Introduccin a la Lectura Comprensiva de Ingls Acadmico para Medicina Veterinaria

5. Before the experiment, these animals had received the regular herd concentrate.

6. Consumer confidence in the safety of food has become a priority issue for all the people involved in the food supply chain.

7. Advances in analytical techniques have contributed to awareness and concern about toxic residues.

8. Dry cow therapy has been part of mastitis control since the 1970s and has been one point of the five point control plan.

9. Public concern over the presence of drug residues in edible products of food-producing animals has reached unprecedented heights.

10. Immunoassay technology has gained rapid acceptance in veterinary and human medicine owing to its high performance capabilities and versatility in applications.

11. Efforts to induce dairy farmers to make greater use of high-quality pastures and reduce their dependency on imported concentrates have met with little success.

12. Certain countries have banned the use of specific compounds, whereas other countries on the base of scientific criteria have permitted the continued the use of similar products (e.g., growth promoters are banned in the European Community and permitted in the United States).

Tiempos Verbales

LISTA DE VERBOS IRREGULARES

Cmo utilizarla? La columna INFINITIVE nos da el nombre del verbo, es decir el verbo sin conjugar en ningn tiempo verbal; de esta columna formamos el simple present agregndole s o es para las terceras personas del singular (he, she, it). La columna SIMPLE PAST nos informa acerca de los verbos irregulares en simple past (pretritos perfecto e indefinido del espaol), y la forma que se presenta es la misma para todos los pronombres. No figuran aqu los verbos regulares, porque su simple past se forma agregando ed al infinitivo. La columna PAST PARTICIPLE nos informa acerca del pasado participio (terminacin ado -ido del espaol) de los verbos irregulares; una vez ms, no figuran aqu los verbos regulares porque su pasado participio se forma agregando ed al infinitivo. Comnmente se llama primera columna a la INFINITIVE, segunda columna a la SIMPLE PAST, y tercera columna a la PAST PARTICIPLE.

TRADUCCIN
ser/estar: golpear: convertirse, volverse: comenzar: soplar, explotar: romper, estallar: traer: construir: quemar: comprar: atrapar, tomar: elegir, seleccionar: venir, llegar: cortar: hacer, realizar: dibujar, deslizar, atraer: beber: conducir, manejar: comer: caer: sentir: encontrar, hallar: volar: olvidar: conseguir, comprar, llegar: dar, otorgar: ir, dirijirse: crecer: tener, haber: oir: esconder, ocultar: golpear: sostener, mantener, llevarse a cabo herir, lastimar: mantener, guardar, seguir: saber, conocer: poner, colocar, recostar: llevar, conducir, liderar: aprender, enterarse: partir, dejar, abandonar: prestar:

INFINITIVE
be (am, is, are) beat become begin blow break bring build burn buy catch choose come cut do draw drink drive eat fall feel find fly forget get give go grow have hear hide hit hold hurt keep know lay lead learn leave lend

SIMPLE PAST
was/were beat became began blew broke brought built burnt bought caught chose came cut did drew drank drove ate fell felt found flew forgot got gave went grew had heard hid hit held hurt kept knew laid led learnt left lent

PAST PARTICIPLE
been beaten become begun blown broken brought built burnt bought caught chosen come cut done drawn drunk driven eaten fallen felt found flown forgotten gotten given gone grown had heard hidden hit held hurt kept known laid led learnt left lent

Introduccin a la Lectura Comprensiva de Ingls Acadmico para Medicina Veterinaria

dejar, permitir: yacer, recostarse: alumbrar, encender: perder, extraviar: hacer, realizar: significar, querer decir: encontrarse con, conocerse: equivocarse, errar: pagar, prestar (atencin): poner: leer: llamar, sonar: elevarse, levantarse: correr, administrar: decir: ver: vender: enviar: sacudir: brillar: disparar: mostrar: cerrar: hundir: sentarse: dormir: oler: gastar: untar, esparcir: levantar: robar: golpear: nadar: tomar, llevar: ensear: rasgar, romper: narrar, decir, contar: pensar, opinar: arrojar: entender, comprender: despertar: usar (ropa): ganar: escribir:

let lie light lose make mean meet mistake pay put read ring rise run say see sell send shake shine shoot show shut sink sit sleep smell spend spread stand steal strike swim take teach tear tell think throw understand wake wear win write

let lay lit lost made meant met mistook paid put read rang rose ran said saw sold sent shook shone shot showed shut sank sat slept smelt spent spread stood stole stroke swam took taught tore told thought threw understood woke wore won wrote

let lain lit lost made meant met mistaken paid put read rung risen run said seen sold sent shaken shone shot shown shut sunk sit slept smelt spent spread stood stolen stricken swum taken taught torn told thought thrown understood waken worn won written

Tiempos Verbales

Otros tiempos verbales:

PERFECT PROGRESSIVE:

SUJETO + TO HAVE (PRESENTE PASADO FUTURO) + BEEN + VERBO + -ING The cat has been vomiting for the last three days. Hace tres das que el gato vomita. El gato ha estado vomitando por tres das. TO HAVE (PRESENTE PASADO FUTURO) + SUJETO + BEEN + VERBO + -ING How long have you been studying this subject? Cunto hace que ests estudiando este tema?

SUJETO + TO HAVE (PRESENTE PASADO FUTURO) + NOT + BEEN + VERBO + -ING I havent been following the progress of this project work, to tell you the truth. A decir verdad, no he estado siguiendo el progreso de este trabajo de campo.

BE + GOING TO + VERBO INFINITIVO = futuro para expresar planes e intencin

They are going to build a new research hall over there. Van a construir un nuevo pabelln de investigacin all. Are you going to start the test next month? Vas a comenzar la prueba el mes prximo? We are not going to write a new paper on this subject. No vamos a escribir un nuevo paper sobre este tema. Cuadro resumen Tiempos Verbales:

PRESENT

PAST
I worked all night yesterday. VERBOS REGULARES (terminacin ed) They took it to the laboratory. VERBOS IRREGULARES (2 columna) What did you bring to the field last week? DID + SUJETO + VERBO INFINITIVO They will not (wont) come until tomorrow. SUJETO + WILL + NOT + VERBO INFINITIVO What will you write in the abstract? WILL + SUJETO + VERBO INFINITIVO She will decide soon. SUJETO + WILL + VERBO INFINITIVO How would you carry this out? WOULD + SUJETO + VERBO INFINITIVO I would not (wouldnt) measure here. SUJETO + WOULD + NOT + VERBO INFINITIVO She would be doing research here if she could. SUJETO + WOULD + BE + VERBO + -ING I would like to test the place. SUJETO + WOULD + VERBO INFINITIVO

FUTURE (will)

CONDITIONAL (would)

I (You, We, They) need some more tests. She (He, It) works perfectly in this environment.

How do you (I, we, they) prepare the samples? DO + I, WE, THEY + INFINITIVE VERB. What does she (he, it) measure? DOES + SHE, HE, IT + INFINITIVE VERB (NO S)

SIMPLE

They do not (dont) understand the reason. We did not (didnt) believe it. DO + NOT + INFINITIVE VERB DID + NOT + VERBO INFINITIVO He does not (doesnt) consider that variable at all. DOES + NOT + INFINITIVE VERB (NO s) She (He, It) was working when they arrived. I, HE, SHE, IT + WAS + VERBO + -ING You, (We, They) were talking when the class started. YOU, WE, THEY + WERE + VERBO + -ING He was not (wasnt) reading when the phone rang. They were not (werent) watching the students when the accident happened. I will be traveling by the time they arrive. SUJETO + WILL BE + VERBO +-ING Will you be waiting for us? WILL + SUJETO + BE + VERBO + ING

I am analyzing the data now. She (He, It) is testing the equipment right now. We (They, You) are controlling the plague. SUBJECT + AM, IS, ARE, + VERBO + -ING

What is he (she, it) preparing? What are you (we, they) doing there? What am I doing? AM, IS, ARE + SUBJECT + VERBO + -ING

PROGRESSIVE (-ing: -ando, -endo)

What would they be studying now if they had come? WOULD + SUJETO + BE + VERBO + -ING He would not (wouldnt) be complaining if he knew the reason. SUJETO + WOULD + NOT + BE + VERBO + -ING

I am not (m not) saying that. He is not (isnt) looking at that sample. They are not (arent) recording it. SUBJECT + AM, IS, ARE + NOT + VERBO + -ING What were you doing when they arrived? They had collected the samples when it started to rain. She had taken everything out before the building collapsed. SUJETO + HAD + VERBO (PAS. PART.) We had not (hadnt) finished when they arrived. SUJETO + HAD + NOT + VERBO (PAS. PART.)

They will not (wont) be listening to you by the time you finish the class. Why was she analyzing the samples, instead of you, when SUJETO + WILL + NOT + BE + I arrived? VERBO + -ING

Introduccin a la Lectura Comprensiva de Ingls Acadmico para Medicina Veterinaria

I (You, We They) have already finished. He (She, It) has already started. VERBOS REGULARES: SUJETO + HAVE / HAS + VERBO + -ED

I will have finished by the time they arrive. SUJETO + WILL HAVE + VERBO (PAS. PART.)

We would have understood if you had explained. SUJETO + WOULD HAVE + VERBO (PAS. PART.) The researcher would not (wouldnt) have told you that if he had known the conditions. SUJETO + WOULD NOT HAVE + VERBO (PAS. PART.)

PERFECT

I (You, We, They) have taken a decision. She (He, It) has brought this new idea for us to analyze. VERBOS IRREGULARES: SUJETO + HAVE / HAS + VERBO (PASADO PARTICIPIO: -ED O 3 COLUMNA)

She has not (hasnt) finished yet. They have not (havent) met. SUJETO + HAVE / HAS + NOT + VERBO (PAS. PART.)

They will not (wont) have finished the career by the time they get married. SUJETO + WILL NOT + VERBO (PAS. How many samples had you taken before we changed the PART.) method? HAD + SUJETO + VERBO (PAS. PART.) Will you have practiced enough when the date of the exam finally arrives? PASADO PARTICIPIO: WILL + SUJETO + HAVE + VERBO VERBOS REGULARES: TERMINACIN ED (PAS. PART.) VERBOS IRREGULARES: 3 COLUMNA

How would you have reacted if you have been in the same situation? WOULD + SUJETO + HAVE + VERBO (PAS. PART.)