GERUND or INFINITIVE ? (Zn Batxillerat) ‘GERUND (-ing) ‘A) asa SUBJECT of a sentence: Smoking is bad for you B) after a PREPOSITION: Are you interested in coming to Greece with us? You can't live without eating C)after some VERBS: admit, deny, avoid, risk, consider, postpone, delay, imagine, enjoy, Finish, suagest, ‘mind, resist, dislike, detest, keep, etc, He suggested going to the opera. I'don't mind cooking Would you mind travelling around the world some time? advise, allow, permit, forbid, recommend + gerund advise, allow, permit, forbid, recommend + object + to-infinitive He doesn't allow smoking in the house BUT He doesn't ellow arvone to smoke in the house wouldn't recommend staying in thet hotel SUT weuldn't recommend him to stay in that hotel D) ofter some EXPRESSIONS: there's no use /it's no use, feel like, can't help, can't stand, be worth, be used to, get used to, despite / in spite of, etc. My house is near your house. It's not worth taking a taxi Tmused to getting up early Fs no use worrying ebout it. There's nathing you can do Despite raining, we went out F) 60 ing (to talk about sporting and leisure activities): Let's go climbing Did you go hunting lst Sunday? ‘TO-INFINITIVE ‘A)as.a SUBJECT of a sentence: To smoke is bad for you B) after some VERBS: want, afford, hope, promise, decide, plan, offer, agree, fail, pretend, eft. They agreed to lend me some maney. He pretended not to see me as he passed me in the street. Clafter some ADJECTIVES: sad, lucky, ready, glad, easy, ete. Tinlad to see you again It seasy to drive a car Tm ready to start now D) after some NOUNS: decision, plan, promise, attempt, etc. The decision to build a new hospital was taken by the government Despite their promise to bring down inflation, prices went on rising E)USED TO: He used to play golf when he was young F) Question word + to-infi vei He wants to learn how to cook Have you already decided where to go? G) with TOOADJECTIVE / (not) ADJECTIVEENOUGH: He is too young to vote / He isn't old enough to vote H) INFINITIVE of PURPOSE: She sat down to rest (sin order to rest)DVDEDDVEVIVELETTVELEETVETI VI VIT TTI TIT yy GERUND / INFINITIVE A) with practically NO difference in meanir start, begin, continue: I? started to snow/snowing But in continuous forms (to-infinitive): 1# starting to get dark + like, love, hate, prefert We alnays prefer to stay/staying in small hotels lke + to-inf. (jt means that we prefer to do something even though we may not enjoy it) Claive likes sking Tike to check my work carefully before T hand it in would like/would love/would hate/ would prefer + to-infinitive: Td like to go to Greece Mark would prefer te drive rather than take the train Tm glad I lve here, I'd hate to live ina big city. + can't bear: Tean't bean to talk / talking fo strangers + propose, intend: Do you intend to make / making a complaint? 8) with a DIFFERENCE in meaning’ + REMEMBER, FORGET: Iimust remember to post the letters Tean't remember posting the letter. I posted it yesterday The clothes are still dirty because I forgot to switch on the machine Tilrever forget flying over the Grand Canyon, It was wonderful REGRET: We regret to tell you that we have had bad news. (be sorry for sth, youre doing) Tregret spending all my money. I'm broke! (sbe sorry because of sth, that happened in the past) * STOP: An old man walking along the street stopped to talk to us (zstop to do sth, different) There's too much noise. Con you all step talking, please? (stop doing sth) MEAN: Fic? mean to be rude (intend to do it) That would mean moving to another place (involve) + TRY! Stop shouting! Tm trying te concentrate (-interd) Tried sending her flowers and writing her letters, butit had no effect (try on experiment to see if something works) + NEED: Tneed to elean my shoes ‘My shoes need cleaning (-possive meaning: My shoes need to be cleored) VERBS + BARE INFINITIVE: + can, could, may, might, shall, will, would, should, must: They shouldn't go to that country. I¥s dangeroust It may rain * needn't, would rather: You needht take an umbrella. It's not going to rain. I don't want to go out. Fé rather stoy at home + let / make * object + inf. without to: You meke me laugh Her parents let her stay up late ®GERUND OR INFINITIVE ? in brackets into the correct form: TO-INFINITIVE, GERUND, BARE 1, (Learn) languages is hard work, 2, They had made a plan (rob) a bank but they didn't succeed, 3. For goodness soke, why is she starting (sing) again? 4, She loves (iron) but she hates (do) the washing-up. 5. 6 5. regret (leave) school at fourteen: it was a big mistake. When T have to catch a train, Im always worried about (miss) it, So T like (get) to the station in plenty of time, 7. Peter goes (swim) every Friday. 8. Weare all looking forward to (see) you again. 9. Sorty, but I couldn't help (read) your letter. 10. We were lucky (escape) from the burning building. 11, My parents make me (iron) my own clothes, 12, He abandoned the country without (tell) anyone. 13, It's no use (send) her more roses and chocolates. She will never forgive you. 14, Are you used to (drive) long distances? 15, Thomas advised (sign) the cheque but nobody advised me (write) my identity card number. 16. What would you like (de) tomorrow? 17. When T go on holiday, T don't like (sunbathe) on the beach all doy. 18, Paul wants me (help) him with his homework. 19. Mark stopped (make) a phone call. 20. We should (drive) more carefully, otherwise we might (have) an accident. 21, Tt promises (be) a fine day. 22. The coffee isn't cold enough (drink) it 23, She asked Tem (be) more careful. 24, Tt was a real problem I couldn't (think) what (do). 25. My sister is too young (go) to a disco. 26, Ineed the map (find) the way home. 27. They let us (drink) beer. 28. This is how we do things here, Youll soon get used to (work) this way.” ~~ “~~ 29. We can’t afford (buy). yecht. 30. He doesn't need (get) a new pair of trousers. He bought two pairs of jeans last week 31, You needn't (bring) anything to the party. There's plenty of food. 32. My brother loves (stay) in bed. He can't stand (get up) early, especially in winter. 33, Where do you plan (spend) your holidays? 34, Don't Forget (bring) me the chairs, I'l need them for the party tonight ‘35, She passed her exams in spite of (not do) any work. 56, He forbade us (make) personal phone calls. 37. The battery of the car had gone flat, so T tried (push) it to see if it would start. 38, He decided (not start) a new life in France. 39. I'd love (go) to Poris (visit) the Eiffel Tower. 40, Do you feel like (help) me? 41, Tim not really interested in (go) to university when I leave school. I'd like (start) work as soon as T leave, T hope (have) my own business one day. 42. It's not worth (buy) a new computer. You can borrow mine whenever you want. 45, She's been smoking since she was 18. If she doesn't stop (smoke), she'll get a lung cancer. 43. Twill never forget (see) the image of the planes crashing into the Twin Towers. 44. Did he use (play) golf when he lived in England?1) Thate (work) at weekends. 2) Would you like (ome) to a disco this evening? 3) Thad hoped (see) the musical Rainbow, but I couldn't (get) any tickets. 4) Stop (make) that noise. People are trying (Gleep). REVIEW OF -ING FORM AND INFINITIVE Complete the sentences using the verb in brackets in the ~ing form, the to infinitive, or the infinitive without to. Sometimes two answers are possible. Example: You really should (try) to stop (smoke).—> You really should iy to stop smoking. 5) Would you like something (Grinky? a 6) You should (try) to avoid (Grive) through the city centre at the rush hour, 7) Lanta few days (think) about their offer before (make) a decision. 8) It’s unusual for him (be) ill. 9) Itwas horrible to work as an au pair. My family expected me (work) seven days a week. 10) P'm very fond of. (valk) by the sea. 11) advise you (noviwalk) alone in that part of the city. It can be very dangerous there at night. % 12) remember. (meet) her once, but I can’t remember her name. 13) I'd like (make) a copy of the letter. Could you (show) me how (use) the photocopier? I've never used it before. a 14)1 feel like (not/do) anything at all this evening. 2 15) We are very much looking forward to (see) you next week. 3 16)1 mustn’t (forget) (phone) the doctor tomorrow morning. 17) The customs officer made me (empty) my suitcases. 18) (eat) too many sweets is bad for your teeth. 19) Sarah has decided (not/go) away on holiday this summer. 20) They stopped (work) at one o'clock: (have) something (eat). 21)Piltry (come) to the meeting, but I’m not sure if I'll be able to. 22) If you get hiccups, you should try (drink) a glass of water. If that doesn’t work, try__ (hold) your breath. 23) You can borrow my camera, but please try (be) careful with it.24) “This soup doesn’t taste very good”. “Try (put) in some more salt”. 25) If you see Martin, remember 26)1'll never forget (visit) Instanbul in 1983. 27) “Did you remember (post) those letters I gave you yesterday?” “Oh, no. I forgot” 28) Please remember (lock) the front door when you go out. And don’t forget (say) hello from me. (close) all the windows. 29) You must remember (call) the bank on your way home because we need (order) some traveller's cheques. 30) Could you stop (type) for a moment? 31) T hope you haven't forgotten (telephone) the garage because I need my car urgently. 32) We could try (make) a dash for the car if it would only stop. Gain) for a moment. 33) I'm sure you won't regret, (buy) the house, even though it needs a redecoration. 34) don’t remember (take) my wallet out of my bag, but I must have done when I stopped (buy) some petrol. 35) She doesn’t allow (smoke) in the ear. 36) My parents don’t allow me (watch) violent TV programmes. 37) Lwouldn’t advise (tell) anyone what's happened. 38) What would you edvise me (do)? 39) Would you like (listen) to some music? 40) Simon and Sally have started (cook) the dinner. 41) My sister loves (Zo) shopping. 42)'d love (vis 43)Do you like (play) chess? 44) try to look after my car. I like (take) itto the garage to be serviced regularly. 45) Shhh! The orchestra is starting (play). 46) She used (play) the piano when she was 8. 47) She's used (have) my sleep interrupted. ') Australia one day. 48) It won't take you Tong to get used to (work) with your new word processor. 49) can’t stand (travel) by Underground. 50) Would you mind (close) the door for me. Please? SI) Like have) my eyes tested regularly.