Por Angel Luis Almaraz Gonzalez www.microshopnet.net aluis@microshopnet.

net

CURSO DE INGLES NIVEL MEDIO

SECCIN PRIMERA

Question words / Pronombres interrogativos Sintaxis de la frase interrogativa Gestin tags Vocabulario: Partes del cuerpo
SECCIN SEGUNDA

Expresar cantidades El gerundio / terminaciones -ing Los adverbios Vocabulario: La cabeza

SECCIN TERCERA

Los comparativos Tiempos verbales III: El pasado simple y continuo Vocabulario: La personalidad
ACTIVIDADES

Ejercicio de traduccin: Question words Ejercicio oral: Question words La personalidad: Ejercicio tipo test Expresar cantidades: Ejercicio de traduccin Ejercicio oral de vocabulario: profesiones y oficios Ejercicio oral sobre los adverbios Ejercicio oral de vocabulario: el tiempo Ejercicio ordenar frases

Question words What...? Where...? When...? Who...? Whose...? How...? Why...? Which...? Ejemplos: What kind of music do you like? ( Que tipo de msica te gusta?) What is the weather like? (Que tiempo hace?) What's he like? (Cmo es l?) What does he like? (Qu le gusta a l?) What does he look like? (Cmo es l de aspecto?) Which do you prefer jazz or pop? (Que msica prefieres jazz o pop?) Who's that man? ( Quin es ese hombre ?) Who's got my bag? ( Quin tiene mi bolso ?) Whose bag is this? ( De quin es este bolso?) Where is Santa Monica? (Dnde est Santa Mnica?) When is your birthday ? (Cuando es tu cumpleaos?) Why are you in a hurry? (Por qu est corriendo?) How is your mother? (Como est tu madre?) How do you spell your name? (Como se deletrea tu nombre?) How old are you? (Cuntos aos tienes?) How tall are you? (Como eres de alto?) How much money do you have got? (Cunto dinero tienes?) Qu...? Donde...? Cundo...? Quin...? De quin...? Cmo...? Por qu...? Cul...?

tienes?) How many tickets do you want? (Cuntas entradas quieres?) How often do you go swimming? (Cada cuanto vas a nadar?) How long have you lived in this town? (Cunto tiempo hace que vives en esta ciudad?)

Esquema de la sintaxis de la pregunta en ingls

Aqu tienes un esquema del orden que tienen que llevar siempre los elementos de una frase interrogativa.
Question Word + Pregunta Aux + Sbj + Vb+ Object + objeto abroad Manner verb + modo del verbo very the city Place Adv. + adverbio lugar Time Adv.? adverbio tiempo often? every year?

auxiliar sujeto verbo Do you tourist do did Did they you you travel visit say? leave go hates do will Did Have you she you you you hate? visit

How many What How long ago

your last work? to the cinema you ? this weekend?

Who Who Why

him

soon? when you went abroad?

take many photos got have? any luggage?

How much money

do

Las Question Tags En ingls es frecuente que terminemos las frases con una frase corta, de signo contrario, la cual tiene la intencin de pedir la opinin o buscar la aprobacin del interlocutor, son las llamadas question tags.

Equivalen a: verdad?, no es verdad?, no?, no es as? en serio?

Ejemplo:

Your brother is older than you, isn't he? (Tu hermano es mayor que t, verdad?) You can help me, can't you? (Puedes ayudarme, verdad?) Para formar esta pregunta corta utilizaremos el auxiliar de la frase principal y su sujeto pero de signo contrario. Si no tuviera auxiliar entonces utilizaramos el auxiliar to do.
Ejemplos:

He doesn't like Susan, does he? He likes Susan, doesn't he? He is getting married, isn't he? He isn't getting married, is he? You worked yesterday, didn't you? El interlocutor puede contestar retomando las question tags. - He likes Susan. (Le gusta Susan) - Doesn't he? (de verdad?)

Las partes del cuerpo Ingls ankle arm back bone bottom breast calf chest elbow figure finger fist flesh foot feet genitals hand Espaol tobillo brazo espalda hueso trasero pecho (de mujer) pantorrilla pecho codo tipo / figura dedo (de la mano) puo carne pie pies genitales mano

hand heel hip joint knee knuckle leg limb muscle nail nerve nipple rib shoulder side skin spine thigh thumb toe vein waist wrist

mano taln cadera articulacin rodilla nudillo pierna extremidad msculo ua nervio pezn costilla hombro costado piel columna vertebral muslo dedo pulgar dedo (del pie) vena cintura mueca

Lots of / A lot of, much / many, few y little Lots of / A lot of Lots of + nombre singular o plural significado: mucho, montones de

He's got lots of friends. ( Tiene muchos amigos) A lot of + nombre singular o plural significado: mucho, muchos, bastante, un montn de ejemplo: I've got a lot of work ( Tengo mucho trabajo)
ejemplo:

Many / Much El many y el much se utilizan sobretodo en frases negativas e interrogativas. Las dos palabras expresan idea de gran cantidad. Many + nombre plural contable significado: muchos, muchas, gran nmero de, bastantes ejemplo: There aren't many buses ( No hay muchos autobuses) Much + nombre singular no contable significado: mucho, gran cantidad, muy, demasiado ejemplo: I haven't got much time ( No tengo mucho tiempo) El many y el much tambin se combinan con too y so. Too se utilizar para expresar cantidad excesiva. So se utlizar tambin para expresar cantidad excesiva pero sobretodo en exclamaciones. Too many + nombre plural contable ejemplo: There are too many people. (Hay demasiada gente) Too much + nombre singular incontable ejemplo: There is too much trafic. (Hay demasiado trafico) So many + nombre plural contable ejemplo: There are so many things to buy!(Hay tantas cosas para comprar!) So much + nombre singular incontable ejemplo: I've got so much work to do! (Tengo tanto trabajo que hacer!) Little / few expresan un nmero reducido A little / A few expresan la idea de una cantidad media Little / a little significado: poco, un poco de. Little / a little + nombre singular no contable ejemplo: I have little time. (Tengo poco tiempo) ejemplo: Can I have a little water? ( Me das un poco de agua?) Few / a few significado: poco, unos pocos, unos cuantos. Few / a few + nombre plural contable

ejemplo:

ejemplo: I

Few people speak English in Spain. (Poca gente habla ingls en Espaa.) had a few biscuits.( Me com unas cuantas galletas)

El gerundio Usos del gerundio ( terminacin -ing): Cuando la accin acta como el complemento del verbo to like (gustar) ) He likes driving - Le gusta conducir Cuando la accin acta como sujeto. Driving is getting dangerous. - Conducir es peligroso Despus de verbos como like (gustar), hate (odiar), prefer (preferir), para hablar de gustos. I hate waiting! - Odio esperar! Despus de los verbos como start, keep on (continuar), stop, para expresar el principio y el fin de una accin. They started working early. -Empezaron a trabajar pronto. Despus del verbo need (necesitar). This door needs painting. - Esta puerta hay que pintarla. Despus del verbo mind. Do you mind waiting a minute? - Te importa esperar un minuto. Despus de la expresin look forward to I'm looking forward to seeing you. - Tengo muchas ganas de verte. Despus de la expresin be worth. This book is worth reading. - Vale la pena leer este libro. Despus de las expresiones what about, how about, para sugerir cualquier cosa. What about eating out? - qu tal si comemos fuera?. Despus de muchas preposiciones He's not too bad at cooking. - No cocina del todo mal. I'm not very good at cooking. - No soy muy bueno cocinando. Despus de be used to. He's not used to wearing a hat - l no suele llevar sombrero.

Despus de la expresin can't help I can't help laughing when I see him! - No puedo evitar rerme cuando le veo.

Los Adverbios Un adverbio es la palabra que normalmente acompaa al verbo para modificar su significado. Un adverbio tambin puede modificar a los adjetivos o a otros adverbios.
Ejemplo:

They write. (ellos escriben) They write quickly. (ellos escriben de prisa). En este ejemplo quickly es un adverbio de modo que modifica al verbo to write para expresar que escriben de prisa. Tipos de adverbios adverbios de tiempo: last week, soon, now... Estos responden a la pregunta de: cundo? adverbios de lugar: at home, abroad, everywhere... Estos responden a la pregunta de: dnde? adverbios de grado: less, much, more... Estos responden a la pregunta de: cunto? adverbios de modo: aloud, fast, hard, low... Estos responden a la pregunta de: cmo? adverbios de frecuencia: sometimes, usually... Estos responden a la pregunta de: con qu frecuencia?cuntas veces? adverbios de afirmacin o razn: certainly, likely, neither, moreover...Estos dicen algo sobre la situacin descrita en la oracin. El orden de los adverbios en una frase Hay cuatro posiciones en una oracin donde puede ir un adverbio: Al principio de la oracin. Ejemplo: Every day she goes swimming. En el medio (al lado del verbo y despus del objeto si lo hay). Ejemplo: We never said it. Al final. Ejemplo:The boy opened the door carefully. Entre el auxiliar y participio. Ejemplo: She has always been very clever. Los adverbios de lugar y de tiempo normalmente van al final de la oracin. We went to the cinema this weekend.

ejemplo:

Los adeverbios de frecuencia normalmente van en el medio de la oracin. I've always thought you loved me. Los adverbios: normally, usually, often, sometimes, every day, once a week ... adems pueden ir al principio o al final de la oracin.
ejemplo:

Los adverbios de modo normalmente van al final de la frase, aunque los adverbios con terminacin -ly pueden ir en el medio.

ejemplos:

He drives perfectly. He perfectly could see her. Los adverbios de afirmacin o razn pueden ir a principio, en medio o a final de la oracin. A excepcin de also que suele ir en medio de la oracin y too / as well que van al final.
ejemplos:

Maybe we will meet on holidays. I also cried in this film. I cried in this film, too / as well. Formar adverbios con la terminacin -ly Muchos adverbios son formados a partir de adjetivos aadindoles la terminacin -ly que equivale a la terminacin en castellano de -mente: ejemplo: honest --> honestly (honrado - honradamente) Aunque para ciertos adjetivos existen unas reglas a seguir: 1. La regla general es aadir la terminacin -ly al adjetivo. slow - slowly 2. Los adjetivos terminados en consonante -y, cambian la terminacin -y por la de -ily easy - easily 3. Adjetivos terminados en ic: se cambia la terminacin -ic por -ically automatic - automatically 4. Adjetivos terminados en -le, se cambia la terminacin -le por -ly. terrible - terribly

Partes de la cabeza Ingls cheek chin ear eye eyebrown eyelash Espaol mejilla barbilla oreja ojo ceja pestaa

eyelash eyelid face forehead gums hair jaw lip mouth neck nose skull teeth tongue throat tooth

pestaa prpado cara frente encas pelo mandbula labio boca cuello nariz crneo dientes lengua garganta diente

Los comparativos y los superlativos Reglas para formar las comparaciones y los superlativos: Para adjetivos cortos o de una slaba:
Comparacin:

Para formar comparaciones se le aade al adjetivo la terminacin -er. por ejemplo al adjetivo fast (rpido) acabara con -er: faster (ms rpido) ejemplo: A train is faster than a bicycle.(Un tren es ms rpido que una bicicleta.) A sea is larger than a lake. (El mar es ms grande que un lago)
Superlativo:

Para formar el superlativo el adjetivo acabar con -est. Siempre ir precedido del artculo The. Entonces el adjetivo old (viejo) acabara con -est: the oldest (el ms viejo/mayor) ejemplo: My father is the oldest. (Mi padre es el ms mayor) An ocean is the largest. (El oceano es el ms grande.)

Para adjetivos acabados en "y" de dos slabas:

Comparacin:

Para formar comparaciones se le aade al adjetivo la terminacin -er. La y final se sustituir por la i latina. Por ejemplo al adjetivo easy (fcil) acabara con -ier: easier (ms fcil) ejemplo: This work is easier than yours. (Este trabajo es ms facil que el tuyo)

Superlativo:

Para formar el superlativo el adjetivo acabar con -iest. Siempre ir precedido por el artculo The. Por ejemplo el adjetivo ugly (feo) acabara con -iest: the ugliest (el ms feo) ejemplo: This man is the ugliest. (Este hombre es el ms feo )

Para adjetivos largos de dos, tres y cuatro slabas:

Comparacin:

Para formar comparaciones, el adjetivo ir precedido de la palabra more. por ejemplo al adjetivo modern (moderno) sera more modern (ms moderno) ejemplo: This house is more modern. (Esta casa es ms moderna)
Superlativo:

Para formar el superlativo, el adjetivo ir precedido por : The + more El adjetivo beautiful (hermoso) sera: The most beautiful (el ms hermoso). ejemplo: This woman is the most beautiful. (esta mujer es la ms hermosa).

Los adjetivos irregulares: Son unos adjetivos que tienen sintaxis particular para comparaciones y superlativos:

adjetivo good (bueno) bad (malo) far (lejos)

comparacin better (mejor) worse (peor) further-farther (ms lejos)

superlativo The best (el mejor) The worst (el peor) The furthet-farthest (el ms lejos)

Otros ejemplos: I'm stronger. (Soy ms fuerte) I'm stronger than you. (Soy ms fuerte que t) This car is more comfortable than yours. (Este coche es ms confortable que She's got the same dress than yours. (Tiene el mismo vestido que t) You are as fast as him. ( Eres tan rpido como l) You're not as good as him! (No eres tan bueno como l) He's the richest man in the town. (El es el hombre ms rico de la ciudad) She's the most beautiful actress I know. (Ella es la actriz ms hermosa que conozco)

el tuyo

Pasado simple / Past simple sujeto + verbo en pasado Se utiliza para hablar de una accin concreta que comenz y acab en el pasado. Lo podemos usar con las expresiones last year, yesterday, last night,...
sintaxis: ejemplo:Tomy

stayed at home last night. (Tom estuvo en casa la pasada noche.)

Tambin podemos expresar una duracin hablando del pasado: for all day, for years, for thirty minutes...
ejemplo:Tomy

talked with me for two hours. (Tom habl conmigo durante dos horas.)

Pasado continuo / Past continuous sujeto + was / were + verbo + ing // nota: was/were es la forma en pasado del verbo to be (ser/estar) Lo utilizamos para hablar de una accin concreta que comenz y acab en el pasado dando la idea de una duracin continuada.
sintaxis: ejemplo:

I was driving along East street when I saw a fire Iba conduciendo por la Calle Este cuando vi el fuego. I was running when I met her. Iba corriendo cuando me encontr con ella.

ejemplo:

Personalidad

Ingls absent-minded ambitious amusing anxious arrogante bad bad-tempered brave calm character charming cheerful clever conceited crazy cruel decisive enthusiastic friendly funny generous gentle good-natured intelligent kind lazy mean modest nasty

Espaol distrado ambicioso divertido preocupado / inquieto arroganate malo de mal genio valiente tranquilo carcter encantador alegre listo engredo / credo / vanidoso loco cruel decisivo entusiasta amable divertido generoso tierno / dulce afable / bonachn inteligente amable perezoso mezquino / agarrado modesto sucio / obsceno

naughty nervous nice optimistic pessimistic polite quiet rude self-confident sensible sensitive serious shy silly stupid sweet well-behaved wicked

travieso / pcaro nervioso simptico optimista pesimista educado tranquilo maleducado / grosero seguro de s mismo sensato sensible serio tmido tonto estpido amable / dulce de buen comportamiento malvado / malo

Tema: Question words / Pronombres interrogativos

Traducir: 1. Quin vino ayer noche?

2. De qu querian hablar Mary y Peter?

3. Qu estaban haciendo?

4. Qu tipo de msica te gusta?

5. Cmo est tu padre?

6. Quin la pint?

7. Por qu est el gato tan asustado?

8. Cundo vas a volver?

9. Con quin estabas?

10. Cunto pagasteis?

Traduccin:

1. Who came last night? 2. What did Mary and Peter want to speak about? 3. What were they doing? 4. What kind of music do you like? 5. How is your father? 6. Who painted her? 7. Why is the cat so frightened? 8. When are you coming back? 9. Whom were you with? 10.How much did you pay?

Ejemplos orales de los temas: Question words interrogativa Who came last night? What did Mary and Peter want to speak about? What were they doing? What kind of music do you like? How is your father? Who painted her? Why is the cat so frightened? When are you coming back? Whom were you with? How much did you pay? What is the weather like? What does he look like? Which do you prefer jazz or pop? How tall are you? How many tickets do you want? How do you spell your name? Why are you in a hurry? How often do you go swimming?

Sintaxis de la frase

En este ejercicio tienes una serie de situaciones. Cada situacin describe la personalidad de un individuo. Elige entre las cuatro opciones la que sea correcta. A person who loves talking to new people and going to parties is....
j k l m n is sociable and outgoing. j k l m n is sociable and careful. j k l m n is calm and relax. j k l m n is sympathetic.

When he makes a decision it's impossible to make him change his mind.
j k l m n he is mean. j k l m n he is vain. j k l m n he is stubborn. j k l m n he is rebellious.

Sad films make him cry. He hates arguments and shouting.

j k l m n He is sensitive. j k l m n He is sensible. j k l m n He is caring. j k l m n He is lazy.

She never gets stressed. She doesn't take life too seriously.
j k l m n j k l m n j k l m n j k l m n

She is relax and positive. She is relax and caring. She is sociable. She is selfish and easygoing.

She thinks he's the centre of the universe.

j k l m n j k l m n j k l m n j k l m n j k l m n j k l m n j k l m n j k l m n j k l m n j k l m n j k l m n j k l m n

He is vain. He is ambitious. He is laid-back. He is self-confident. He is vain and arrogant. He is hard-working and egotistical. He is laid-back and positive. He is ambitious and self-confident He is mean. He is lazy. He is careful. He is easygoing.

He believes in himself and always tries to succeed.

He worries about taking risks and thinks everything is dangerous.

If I say: here are the keys of my car. Use it whenever you want...
j k l m n j k l m n j k l m n j k l m n

I'm generous. I'm mean. I'm unselfish I'm confident.

My grandmother always say: Don't look black cats. It's unlucky.

j k l m n j k l m n j k l m n j k l m n

She is superstitious. She is conceited. She is vain. She is caring.

Aqu tienes el ejercicio resuelto. Despus de cada frase puedes ver en letra roja el significado de cada adjetivo usado.

A person who loves talking to new people and going to parties is....
i j k l m n is sociable and outgoing. j k l m n is sociable and careful. j k l m n is calm and relax. j k l m n is sympathetic.
sociable // extrovertido

sociable // cuidadoso, atento

calmado // relajado

comprensivo, compasivo

When he makes a decision it's impossible to make him change his mind.
j k l m n he is mean. j k l m n he is vain.
tacao

credo, vanidoso terco rebelde

i j k l m n he is stubborn. j k l m n he is rebellious.

Sad films make him cry. He hates arguments and shouting.

i j k l m n He is sensitive. sensible j k l m n He is sensible. j k l m n
sensato

j k l m n He is caring. delicado

He is lazy. perezoso

She never gets stressed. She doesn't take life too seriously.
i j k l m n j k l m n j k l m n j k l m n

She is relax and positive. She is relax and caring. She is sociable.

relajado // positivo

relajado // delicado

sociable, amigable tranquilo, despreocupado

She is selfish and easygoing.

She thinks he's the centre of the universe.

i j k l m n j k l m n j k l m n j k l m n

He is vain.

credo, vanidoso ambicioso relajado, sosegado, pacfico seguro de s mismo

He is ambitious. He is laid-back.

He is self-confident.

He believes in himself and always tries to succeed.

j k l m n j k l m n j k l m n i j k l m n

He is vain and arrogant.

credo, vanidoso // arrogante trabajador / egotistal

He is hard-working and egotistical. He is laid-back and positive.

relajado, sosegado // positivo

He is ambitious and self-confident ambicioso // seguro de s mismo

He worries about taking risks and thinks everything is dangerous.

j k l m n j k l m n i j k l m n j k l m n

He is mean. tacao He is lazy.

perezoso cuidadoso, cauteloso tranquilo, despreocupado

He is careful.

He is easygoing.

If I say: here are the keys of my car. Use it whenever you want...
j k l m n j k l m n i j k l m n j k l m n i j k l m n j k l m n j k l m n j k l m n

I'm generous. I'm mean.

generoso

tacao desinteresado, desprendido confiado

I'm unselfish.

I'm confident.

My grandmother always say: Don't look black cats. It's unlucky. She is superstitious.
superticiosa

She is conceited. presumido, credo She is vain.

credo, vanidoso

She is caring. delicado

Tema: expresar cantidades con many, much, little, few

Traducir: 1. Hace solo dos semanas que est aqu, pero ya ha hecho unos cuantos amigos.

2. Lo siento por ella, tiene pocos amigos.

3. Estoy muy contenta, he podido ahorrar algo de dinero.

4. Conoces a mucha gente? No, solo a unas cuantas personas..

5. Nos hemos de dar prisa, tenemos poco tiempo.

6. Tiene suerte, tiene pocos problemas y no tiene muchos hijos.

7. Hiciste muchas fotos cuando fuiste al extranjero?

8. Si alguien tiene preguntas estara encantado de contestarle.

9. Tengo un montn de dinero pero poco tiempo para gastarlo.

10. Jack no tiene muchos deberes. El tiene que hacer pocos ejercicios.

Traduccin:
1. He has just been here for only two weeks, but he has already done a few friends. 2. I'm sorry for her, she has got few friends. 3. I'm very happy, I have been to save a little money. 4. Do you know many people? No, I don't. I only know a few people. 5. We must hurry up, we have a little time. 6. He is luck, he has few problems an he has few children 7. Did you take many photos when you went abroad? 8. If anyone has got questions I would be pleased to answer 9. I have a lot of money but little time to spend it. 10. Jack hasn't much homework he has to do few exercises

Ejercicio oral: Adverbios formados a partir de adjetivos Posicinate con el ratn encima de la palabra que quieras escuchar. terrible easy happy cold terribly easily happily coldly prudently soft first softly firstly wise calm soft gently wisely calmly softly safe safely strangely angrily bravely quickly politely

strange angry brave quick polite

perfect perfectly gentle honest honestly possible possibly careful carefully

perfect perfectly true lucky truly luckily

prudent

automatic automatically false falsely

mental mentally

dramatic dramatically

Ejercicio de vocabulario oral: El tiempo Posicinate con el ratn encima de la palabra que quieras escuchar. afternoon hourly minute noon sunset am late moment pm time dawn midday morning second hour midnight night sunrise

Ejercicio: ordenar frases Pon en orden las siguientes frases. Ejemplo: married / when / young / was / I I married when I was young. 1) English / learning / start/ when / ? / you / did

2) child / live / he / when / where / a / did / was / Peter

3) did / in / how / much / put / my / coffe / sugar / you / ?

4) weekend / what / do / like / you / doing / at / the

5) going / holiday / he / is / what / ? / do / his / on / next / to

6) long / Scotland / stay / in / ? / how / did / they

7) do / people / why / much / ? / so / work

8) much / did / cost / how / this / you / car / ?

9) year / this / house / bought / is / last / the / he

10) than / brother / you / isn't he / ? / your / older / is / ,

Solucin ejercicio:
1. When did you start learning english? 2. Where did Peter live when he was a child? 3. How much sugar did you put in my coffe? 4. What do you like doing at the weekend? 5. What is he going to do on his next holiday? 6. How long did they stay in Scotland?. 7. Why do people work so much? 8. How much did this car cost you? 9. This is the house he bought last year. 10Your brother is older than you, isn't he?