CONSTRUCCIÓN Y COSTOS

[ C O N S T R U C T I O N A N D E S T I M AT I N G ]

1. INTRODUCCIÓN
PRESENTACIÓN

• Programa del curso

• Contenidos
• Fechas
• Porcentajes de calificación
• Reglas de curso
• Evaluaciones
• Entregas de tareas, talleres y trabajos
• Asistencia a clase
• Comportamiento en clase
CARACTERIZACIÓN DE LA ASIGNATURA

La asignatura aporta al perfil del Ingeniero Civil la capacidad para analizar y evaluar presupuestos para la
realización de cualquier tipo de obra, sea pública o privada.
Para la integración se ha hecho un análisis de los temas de la ingeniería de costos necesarios para el
adecuado desempeño del ingeniero en este campo, involucrando los aspectos legales vigentes.

PRIMER CORTE SEGUNDO CORTE TERCER CORTE

MATERIA PRIMA, PRESUPUESTOS PROGRAMACION DE OBRA

INSUMOS Y PROCESO.
CONSTRUCCIÓN

•“Partede la ingeniería que busca poner a disposición de la comunidad los recursos

de la naturaleza y algunos producidos por la humanidad, de manera armónica,
segura y económica, afectando al mínimo el medio ambiente”
•(A. Sarria, Introducción a la Ingeniería Civil)
CONSTRUCCIÓN

Documentos de Licitación Planes Financieros

Términos de Referencia Programas de obra

Especificaciones Análisis de fuentes de materiales

Diseños Costos de materiales

Construcción

Estudios Otros

La Construcción es el objetivo final de la Ingeniería Civil

PROYECTOS

El conjunto de actividades interdependientes realizadas por varias personas para conseguir cierto
objetivo con una clara delimitación de enfoque, tiempo, costo, calidad y resultado que se desarrolla
mediante el consumo de recursos.
CALIDAD

Calidad Requerida

OBJETIVO
COSTO
Presupuesto límite
Fecha límite

Marco limitante de un proyecto (Meredith, 1995, p.3)

TIEMPO
PROYECTOS - CARACTERISTICAS

• PROPOSITO:
• INTERDEPENDENCIA-MULTIDISCIPLINARIDAD:
• CICLO DE VIDA:
• UNICIDAD: Diseño Construcción
Operación/
Factibilidad mantenimiento
• INCERTIDUMBRE:
• COMPLEJIDAD: DESARROLLO USO

CICLO TOTAL DE VIDA

PROYECTOS DE CONSTRUCCIÓN

Clasificació Tipo de Tipo de Tipo de

n Bien Proyecto Maquinaria

Proyectos
Inmobiliaria Liviana
Verticales

Construcción
Pesada
Proyectos
Infraestructura
Lineales
Industrial
PROYECTOS DE CONSTRUCCIÓN

Construcción

Inmobiliaria Infraestructura

Plantas de
Producción
Saneamien
Vivienda Comercial Energía Transporte y
to Básico
Transforma
ción
THE CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY

Percentage breakdown by sectors

Residential Industrial
6%

Residential
31%
Commercial building
Heavy engineering
35%

Infrastructure and heavy highway

Industrial Commercial
28%
RESIDENTIAL

 Individual homes, small condominiums,

apartment complexes.
 Privately funded by individual owners
for their own use or for speculation.
 Typically design by architects or may
come from a mass-produced catalog.
 Site-built product that uses fairly low
technology.
 Capital required is fairly small.
COMMERCIAL BUILDING

 Office buildings, large apartment

complexes, shopping malls, theaters,
schools, universities and hospitals.
 Tend to be privately funded, although
some public funding is usually available
for schools and hospitals.
 Typically designed by an architect with
support from and engineer.
 Typically built by general contractors
(GC) as bid projects or by construction.
INFRASTRUCTURE AND HEAVY HIGHWAY
(HEAVY ENGINEERING)

 Roadways, bridges, canals, dams, and

tunnels.
 Projects that enable the distribution of
goods and people.
 Projects designed principally by civil
engineers and built by heavy
construction contractors who have
engineering background and support.
 Most are publicly funded because they
serve the public’s needs.
INDUSTRIAL

 Steel mills, petroleum refineries,

chemical processing plants, automobile
production facilities.
 The design and construction depend on
the needs of the process and
production equipment.
 Most of them are privately funded.
 Quality and time are extremely
important in these projects.
 This sector includes many specialties.
TECHNOLOGY

 Computer-Aided Design (CAD)

 Three-Dimensional modeling
 Electronic plan rooms
 Building Information Modeling (BIM)
 Drones
 Wearables (Smart glasses, hardhats)
 Laser scanning (point cloud data)
 GPS Tracking
WHAT IS CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT?

 Construction Management is a professional service that

applies effective management techniques to the planning,
design, and construction of a project from inception to
completion for the purpose of controlling time, cost and
quality (CMAA, 2004)

 Responsibility of constructing the project in accordance with

the plans and specs, and to satisfy the customer’s cost,
quality and time expectations (Schexnayder, 2004)
WHAT IS CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT?

CM involves the timely and efficient application of the four Ms to construct

a project (resources):
Manpower
Machines
Materials
Money
WHAT IS BUILDING CONSTRUCTION?

In Building Construction
Program students are educated
to organize, lead, and manage
the people, materials, and
processes of building
construction.
INDUSTRY CHARACTERIZATION

 Nation’s largest product-based industry

 5% of industrial workforce directly employed, not including 1,400,000 non-payroll
establishments
 15% of industrial workforce directly or indirectly involved
 Largest firms top $20 billion annually
 Over 2/3 of firms have under five employees
INDUSTRY CHARACTERIZATION CHALLENGES
INDUSTRY CHARACTERIZATION

Little spent on research (0.4% of value of

construction put in place) compared to
other industries (1.8% common) and
even to other countries (2.5% in
Germany and Japan)
Product contributes to quality of life
INDUSTRY CHARACTERIZATION

Contrast to Manufacturing
• Limited standardization
• Mostly custom-built products (facilities)
• Unique locations of projects
• Project teams change with each project
• Varied percentage of work performed by subcontract
• Workers come to the product rather than the product coming to them
• Workers paid more than their industrial counterparts due to seasonal nature of work
and need to relocate
INDUSTRY CHARACTERIZATION VERSUS MFG.

Fabrication/Assembly
only

Design and
Construction
INDUSTRY CHARACTERIZATION VERSUS MFG.

Manufacturing versus Construction Process

INDUSTRY CHARACTERIZATION

Management Levels in Construction

 Organizational
 Project
 Operation (and Process)
 Task
INDUSTRY CHARACTERIZATION
INDUSTRY CHARACTERIZATION
 ESTUDIOS PREVIOS
ANÁLISIS Y ELABORACIÓN DE PREVIA DE LOS
ETAPA DE PLANEACIÓN ESTUDIOS
ETAPA PRECONTRACTUAL
ETAPA CONTRACTUAL
ETAPA POSTCONTRACTUAL CALIDAD - CANTIDAD - ESPECIFICACIÓN

DISEÑOS - PLANOS - ANÁLISIS TÉCNICOS

A PRECIOS DE
ADICIONAL MERCADO REALES

CONSTRUCCIÓN Y COSTOS