Feldespatos

Marco Antonio Márquez G. PhD.

Medellín-Colombia
Introducción
 Aluminosilicatos de K, Na, Ca y Ba
 Se encuentran como cristales aislados o en masas
 Constituyente importante de muchas rocas ígneas y
metamórficas:
 Granito, neis, basaltos, etc.

 Los feldespatos son los minerales más abundantes

en las rocas ígneas
  Ubicuidad y amplio rango de composición
  herramienta primaria para su clasificación
  Presentes en rocas ácidas, alcalinas, intermedias o
básicas
  Ausentes solo en algunas rocas ultrabásicas y
raramente en rocas alcalinas
  Principales constituyentes en pegmatitas y en venas
Introducción
 Presentes como constituyentes mayores en
neises y esquistos, así como en rocas
metamorfoseadas térmica y regionalmente
 Granos detríticos y cristales autigénicos en
sedimentos
 Comúnmente se descomponen con facilidad
para generar caolín
 Sus usos industriales son similares.
 La amazonita, variedad verde  gema
 Clasificación

 QUÍMICA
 ESTRUCTURAL
 Polimorfos alcalinos  sanidina, ortosa,
microclina
 Polimorfos de baja y alta T 
feldespatos alcalinos/plagioclasas
 ORDEN-DESORDEN
Clasificación química
Clasificación química
Clasificación química
GRUPO DE LOS FELDESPATOS

 Feldespatos potásicos (KAlSi3O8)

 Microclina
 Ortosa
 Sanidina
 Plagioclasas
 Albita (NaAlSi3O6)
 Anortita (CaAl2Si2O8)
 Danburita (CaB2Si2O8)
 Feldespato de Ba
 Celsian
 ESTRUCTURA CRISTALINA
 Sustitución de Al3+ (menos frecuencia otros
cationes) por Si4+
 Necesarios otros cationes en el armazón
secundario para balancear las cargas
producidas por la substitución
 En feldespatos alcalinos (KSi3AlO8 -
NaSi3AlO8)  cada 4o tetraedro por Al3+ 
catión alcalino monovalente (K+, Na+) en el
armazón secundario
 En anortita (CaAl2Si2O8)  dos Al3+  un
Ca2+
 

FELDESPATOS
DE K
Otros feldespatos
Buddingtonita (NH4)AlSi3O8
Celsian BaAl2Si2O8
Dmisteinbergita CaAl2Si2O8
Hialofana (K,Ba)Al(Si,Al)3O8
Paracelsian BaAl2Si2O8
Reedmergnerita NaBSi3O8
Slawsonita (Sr,Ca)Al2Si2O8
Stronalsita SrNa2Al4Si4O16
Svyatoslavita CaAl2Si2O8
Características generales
 Todos los feldespatos muestran buen clivaje
en dos direcciones, formando un ángulo
aproximado de 90 grados
 Tienen dureza aproximada de 6
 Su gravedad específica varía entre 2.55 y
2.76 con excepción de los feldespatos de
bario
 De una forma general se puede considerar
que:
 Color blanco  plagioclasas (Na-Ca)
 Color naranja  Feldespatos K
Anortita
 Chemical Formula: CaAl2Si2O8
 Composition:
Sodium      0.41 %  Na     0.56 % Na2O    
Calcium    13.72 %  Ca    19.20 % CaO    
Aluminum   18.97 %  Al    35.84 % Al2O3    
Silicon    20.75 %  Si    44.40 % SiO2    
Oxygen     46.14 %  O    
100.00 %      100.00 % = TOTAL OXIDE
 Empirical Formula: Na0.05Ca0.95Al1.95Si2.05O8
 Environment: Magmatic and metamorphic rocks.
 IMA Status: Valid Species (Pre-IMA) 1823
 Locality: Monte Somma and Valle di Fassa, Italy.
 Name Origin: From the Greek, an + orthos, "not upright" in
allusion to the oblique crystals.
 Synonym: Ab0   An100   ICSD 654   Indianite   PDF 41-1486
Propiedades Físicas
 Cleavage: [001] Perfect, [010] Good
 Color: Colorless, Gray, White, Red, Reddish gray.
 Density: 2.72 - 2.75, Average = 2.73
 Diaphaniety: Transparent to Subtransparent to translucent
 Fracture: Uneven - Flat surfaces (not cleavage) fractured in
an uneven pattern.
 Habit: Euhedral Crystals - Occurs as well-formed crystals
showing good external form.
 Habit: Granular - Generally occurs as anhedral to subhedral
crystals in matrix.
 Habit: Striated - Parallel lines on crystal surface or cleavage
face.
 Hardness: 6 - Orthoclase
 Luminescence: None.
 Luster: Vitreous (Glassy)
 Streak: white
Opaque white crystal of anorthite with dark brown
solidified lava coating
Albita
 Chemical Formula: NaAlSi3O8
 Composition:
Sodium      8.30 %  Na    11.19 % Na2O    
Calcium     0.76 %  Ca     1.07 % CaO    
Aluminum   10.77 %  Al    20.35 % Al2O3    
Silicon    31.50 %  Si   67.39 % SiO2    
Oxygen     48.66 %  O    
100.00 %       100.00 % = TOTAL OXIDE
 Empirical Formula: Na0.95Ca0.05Al1.05Si2.95O8
 Environment: Magmatic and pegmatitic rocks.
 IMA Status: Valid Species (Pre-IMA) 1815
 Locality: USA, VA, Amelia. Bourg d'Oisans and Isere,
France.
 Name Origin: From the Latin, albus, in allusion to the
common color.
 Synonym: Ab100   An0   Clevelandite
Propiedades Físicas
 Cleavage: [001] Perfect, [010] Good
 Color: White, Gray, Greenish gray, Bluish green, Gray.
 Density: 2.61 - 2.63, Average = 2.62
 Diaphaniety: Transparent to translucent to subtranslucent
 Fracture: Uneven - Flat surfaces (not cleavage) fractured in
an uneven pattern.
 Habit: Blocky - Crystal shape tends to be equant (e.g.
feldspars).
 Habit: Granular - Generally occurs as anhedral to subhedral
crystals in matrix.
 Habit: Striated - Parallel lines on crystal surface or cleavage
face.
 Hardness: 7 - Quartz
 Luminescence: None.
 Luster: Vitreous (Glassy)
 Streak: white
Colorless, lustrous blocky albite crystals to 3 cm in
size with a thick dusting of micaceous green micro
chlorite
Crystal group of bladed albite (variety
cleavelandite) crystals
Several jet-black lustrous crystals of schorl perched
on a white albite matrix
Labradorita
 Chemical Formula: (Ca,Na)(Si,Al)4O8
 Composition:
Sodium      3.38 %  Na     4.56 % Na2O    
Calcium     8.85 %  Ca    12.38 % CaO    
Aluminum   15.88 %  Al    30.01 % Al2O3    
Silicon    24.80 %  Si    53.05 % SiO2    
Oxygen     47.09 %  O  
100.00 %       100.00 % = TOTAL OXIDE
 Empirical Formula: Na0.4Ca0.6Al1.6Si2.4O8
 Environment: Magmatic and metamorphic rocks.
 IMA Status: Not Approved IMA 1780
 Locality: Labrador peninsula, Canada.
 Name Origin: Named after its locality.
 Synonym: Ab40   An60   Spectrolite
Propiedades Físicas
 Cleavage: [001] Perfect, [010] Good, [110] Distinct
 Color: Colorless, Gray, Gray white, White, Light green.
 Density: 2.68 - 2.71, Average = 2.69
 Diaphaniety: Translucent to transparent
 Fracture: Uneven - Flat surfaces (not cleavage) fractured in
an uneven pattern.
 Habit: Crystalline - Coarse - Occurs as well-formed coarse
sized crystals. }
 Habit: Granular - Generally occurs as anhedral to subhedral
crystals in matrix.
 Habit: Striated - Parallel lines on crystal surface or cleavage
face.
 Hardness: 7 - Quartz
 Luminescence: Non-fluorescent.
 Luster: Vitreous (Glassy)
 Streak: white
Dual view of a cleavage fragment of labradorite showing the multi-colored
labradorescence (schiller effect) and the same area viewed without the color.
The color is due to optical interference on the 010 polysynthetic twinning
planes (Albite Law).
Oligoclasa
 Chemical Formula: (Na,Ca)(Si,Al)4O8
 Composition:
Molecular Weight = 265.42 gm    
Sodium      6.93 %  Na      9.34 % Na2O    
Calcium     3.02 %  Ca     4.23 % CaO    
Aluminum   12.20 %  Al    23.05 % Al2O3    
Silicon    29.63 %  Si    63.38 % SiO2    
Oxygen     48.22 %  O
             ______         ______              
100.00 %       100.00 % = TOTAL OXIDE
 Empirical Formula: Na0.8Ca0.2Al1.2Si2.8O8
 Environment: Magmatic and pegmatitic rocks.
 Locality: Twedestrand, Norway.
 Name Origin: From the Greek, oligos and kasein, "little
cleavage."
 Synonym: Ab80   An20   Sunstone
Propiedades Físicas
 Cleavage: [001] Perfect, [010] Good
 Color: Brown, Colorless, Greenish, Gray, Yellowish.
 Density: 2.64 - 2.66, Average = 2.65
 Diaphaniety: Transparent to Translucent
 Fracture: Uneven - Flat surfaces (not cleavage) fractured in
an uneven pattern.
 Habit: Euhedral Crystals - Occurs as well-formed crystals
showing good external form.
 Habit: Granular - Generally occurs as anhedral to subhedral
crystals in matrix.
 Hardness: 7 - Quartz
 Luminescence: Fluorescent.
 Luster: Vitreous (Glassy)
 Streak: white
Rectangular cleavage fragment of salmon-orange
oligoclase (sunstone) feldspar
Clear glassy crystalline oligoclase with milky quartz
and muscovite
Ortoclasa
 Chemical Formula: KAlSi3O8
 Composition:
Potassium   14.05 %  K     16.92 % K2O    
Aluminum    9.69 %  Al    18.32 % Al2O3    
Silicon     30.27 %  Si    64.76 % SiO2    
Oxygen      45.99 %  O  
100.00 %       100.00 % = TOTAL OXIDE
 Environment: Intrusive and extrusive igneous, and
metamorphic rocks.
 IMA Status: Valid Species (Pre-IMA) 1823
 Locality: Common world wide occurrences.
 Name Origin: From the Greek orthos - "right" and
kalo -" I cleave" in allusion to the mineral's right
angle of good cleavage.
 Synonym: Adularia   Orthose
Propiedades Físicas
 Cleavage: [001] Perfect, [010] Good
 Color: Colorless, Greenish, Grayish yellow, White, Pink.
 Density: 2.56
 Diaphaniety: Transparent to translucent
 Fracture: Uneven - Flat surfaces (not cleavage) fractured in
an uneven pattern.
 Habit: Blocky - Crystal shape tends to be equant (e.g.
feldspars).
 Habit: Massive - Granular - Common texture observed in
granite and other igneous rock.
 Habit: Prismatic - Crystals Shaped like Slender Prisms (e.g.
tourmaline).
 Hardness: 6 - Orthoclase
 Luminescence: None.
 Luster: Vitreous (Glassy)
 Streak: white
Gemmy, twinned adularia (orthoclase) specimen on
matrix. Former Bally Museum collection
Carlsbad twinned crystal of orthoclase.
Former Martín Oliete Fontela collection
Microclina
 Chemical Formula: KAlSi3O8
 Composition:
Potassium   14.05 %  K     16.92 % K2O    
Aluminum    9.69 %  Al    18.32 % Al2O3    
Silicon     30.27 %  Si    64.76 % SiO2    
Oxygen      45.99 %  O
100.00 %       100.00 % = TOTAL OXIDE
 Environment: Granitic pegmatites, hydrothermal
and metamorphic rocks.
 IMA Status: Valid Species (Pre-IMA) 1830
 Locality: Common world wide occurrences.
 Name Origin: From the Greek mikron - "little" and
klinein - "to stoop."
 Synonym: Amazonstone - green
Propiedades Físicas
 Cleavage: [001] Perfect, [010] Good
 Color: Bluish green, Green, Gray, Grayish yellow, Yellowish.
 Density: 2.56
 Diaphaniety: Translucent to transparent
 Fracture: Uneven - Flat surfaces (not cleavage) fractured in
an uneven pattern.
 Habit: Blocky - Crystal shape tends to be equant (e.g.
feldspars).
 Habit: Crystalline - Coarse - Occurs as well-formed coarse
sized crystals.
 Habit: Prismatic - Crystals Shaped like Slender Prisms (e.g.
tourmaline).
 Hardness: 6 - Orthoclase
 Luminescence: Non-fluorescent.
 Luster: Vitreous (Glassy)
 Streak: white
Blocky, dark brown
ferrocolumbite on
pale greenish blue
amazonite
(microcline).
Opaque blocky tan crystal of microcline
FELDESPATOIDES
Generalidades
 Minerales que se forman en lugar de
los feldespatos en ambientes ricos en
álcalis y deficientes en sílica
 Las principales fases son:
 Leucita
 Nefelina
 Sodalita
 Lazurita
 Resumen propiedades
Mineral / Composición
H G Color Diagnóstico Ocurrencia Sistema
Propiedad química

KAlSi2O6 Forma Rocas ígneas

Leucita 5.5-6 2.45-2.5 Blanco a gris Isométrico
Trapezoedral (lavas) recientes

En variedades
Rocas ígneas.
masivas lustre
(Na,K)(Al,Si)2O4 Incolora, blanca, Lavas recientes
Nefelina 5.5-6 2.55-2.65 grasoso. Hexagonal
amarilla Basaltos.
Nunca se encuentra
Raramente com qz
con qz.

Azul
Na4Al3Si3O12Cl Color azul Sienitas nefelínicas
Sodalita 5.5-6 2.15-2.3 También blanco, Isométrico
Sin Py Lavas
gris y verde

Calizas cristalinas
Lazurita
Na4-5Al3Si3O12S Azul profundo Color azul como producto de
(Lapis 5-5.5 2.4-2.45 Isométrico
Azul verdoso Presencia de Py metamorfismo de
Lazuli)
contacto