Capítulo 58

Aminoglucósidos

Dr Mario Jorge Elvir Madrid

Farmacología I
1. Introducción
Historia
▸ Los aminoglucósidos son productos
naturales o derivados semisintéticos de
compuestos producidos por una
variedad de actinomicetos del suelo.
▸ La gentamicina y la netilmicina se
derivan de especies del actinomiceto
Micromonospora.

▸ La estreptomicina se aisló por primera

vez a partir de unas cepas de
Streptomyces griseus.
Historia
▸ La tobramicina es uno de los diversos
componentes de un complejo
aminoglucósido conocido como
“nebramicina”, que es producido por
Streptomyces tenebrarius. Tiene una
actividad antimicrobiana y una
toxicidad muy similares a la de la
gentamicina.
▸ A diferencia de los demás
aminoglucósidos, la amikacina, un
derivado de la kanamicina, y la
netilmicina, un derivado de la
sisomicina, son productos
semisintéticos.
▸ Los aminoglucósidos (gentamicina, tobramicina, amikacina, .
netilmicina, kanamicina, estreptomicina, paromomicina y
neomicina) se usan principalmente para tratar infecciones causadas
por bacterias aerobias gramnegativas
▸ La estreptomicina y la amikacina son agentes importantes para el
tratamiento de infecciones micobacterianas, y la paromomicina se
usa, por vía oral, para la amebiasis intestinal.
▸ Los aminoglucósidos son bactericidas inhibidores de la síntesis de
proteínas.
▸ Los aminoglucósidos contienen .

aminoazúcares unidos en enlaces

glucosídicos a un anillo aminociclitol.
▸ Son policationes y su polaridad es
responsable, en parte, de las propiedades
farmacocinéticas que comparten todos los
miembros del grupo.
Por Ejemplo
▸ Se observan concentraciones
insuficientes en el CFS y todos se .

excretan con relativa rapidez por el

riñón normal.
▸ Todos los miembros del grupo
comparten el mismo espectro de
toxicidad, sobre todo nefrotoxicidad
y ototoxicidad, que puede involucrar
las funciones auditivas y
vestibulares del octavo par
craneal(Vestibulococlear) .
2. Imecanismo De Acción
 “
Inhiben la síntesis proteica,
uniéndose de forma irreversible a la
subunidad 30 S del ribosoma. Son
bactericidas.
BIG
CONCE
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White Black
Is the color of milk and Is the color of ebony and of
fresh snow, the color outer space. It has been the
produced by the symbolic color of elegance,
combination of all the solemnity and authority.
colors of the visible
spectrum.
In two or three columns
Yellow Blue Red
Is the color of gold, Is the colour of the Is the color of blood,
butter and ripe lemons. clear sky and the deep and because of this it
In the spectrum of sea. It is located has historically been
visible light, yellow is between violet and associated with
found between green green on the optical sacrifice, danger and
and orange. spectrum. courage.
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LOREM 3 LOREM 1
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Let’s review some concepts
Yellow
Is the color of gold, butter and ripe
lemons. In the spectrum of visible
light, yellow is found between green
and orange.
Yellow
Is the color of gold, butter and ripe
lemons. In the spectrum of visible
light, yellow is found between green
and orange.
Blue
Is the colour of the clear sky and the
deep sea. It is located between violet
and green on the optical spectrum.
Blue
Is the colour of the clear sky and the
deep sea. It is located between violet
and green on the optical spectrum.
Red
Is the color of blood, and because of
this it has historically been associated
with sacrifice, danger and courage.
Red
Is the color of blood, and because of
this it has historically been associated
with sacrifice, danger and courage.
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Bibliografía
▸ Brunton, L. and Hilal-Dandan, 2019.
Goodman & Gilman’S.Las Bases Place your screenshot here
Farmacológicas De La Terapéutica.
13th ed. Ciudad De México:
McGRAW-HILL, pp.Capítulo 58, pág
1040- 1046.