Documentos de Académico
Documentos de Profesional
Documentos de Cultura
Los Incas1
Los Incas1
• Perú es el tercer país mas grande de Sud America, detrás solo de Brasil y
Argentina. Perú es considerado un país tropical. Perú tiene tres regiones
bien marcadas, una delgada zona costera, las montañas de los Andes de
mayor anchura, y la zona forestal del Amazonas.
• Los ríos corren desde el este hacia el oeste, deslizándose hacia abajo con
taludes bien inclinados lo que hace que los ríos sean torrentosos. En estas
valles se encuentran los mayores centros de agricultura.
Historia
• La famosa civilización Inca solo es una parte de toda la
Arqueología Peruana. Antes de los Incas, Perú tuvo las
culturas PRE-Colombinas , algunas de estas
precediendo a los Incas por muchos siglos.
• Ellos habían entablado una guerra con los Chancas y finalmente los
derrotaron en una gran victoria en 1430. Esto marcó el comienzo de
una gran expansión militar.
•
Cuzco
The Inca Rise To Power (2)
• The Inca armies were constantly on the march, extending
control over a vast territory. Pachacuti's son and successor,
Topac Yupanqui (1471-1493) conquered the northern coastal
kingdom of Chimor by seizing its irrigation system, and he
extended Inca control into the southern area of what is now
Ecuador.
• At the other end of the empire, Inca armies reached the Maule
River in Chile in spite of the Araucanian Indians’ resistance.
• Some women were taken as concubines for the Inca and others were
selected as servants at the temples, the so-called "Virgins of the Sun."
• In all this, the Inca had an overall imperial system, but remained
sensitive to local variations so that its application accommodated
regional and ethnic differences.
Inca Cultural Achievements
• The Incas drew on the artistic traditions of their Andean
predecessors and the skills of subject peoples.
• Beautiful pottery and cloth was produced in specialized
workshops.
• Inca metallurgy was among the most advanced of the
Americas, and Inca artisans worked gold and silver with great
technical skill. The Incas also used copper and some bronze for
weapons and tools.
• Like the Mesoamerican peoples, the Incas made no practical
use of the wheel.
• They had no system of writing.
• The Incas, however, did make use of a system of knotted
strings with which numerical and perhaps other information
could be recorded. It functioned something like an abacus, and
with it the Incas took censuses and kept financial records.
Inca Cultural Achievements
• The Incas had a passion for numerical order, and the
population was divided into decimal units from which they
enlisted the them in the military.
• Inca stonecutting was remarkably accurate and the best
buildings were constructed of large fitted stones without the
use of masonry. Some of these buildings were immense.
• Incan constructions, the large agricultural terraces, irrigation
projects, and the extensive system of roads were among the
Incas' greatest achievements.
• The Incas displayed their technical ability and workmanship as
well as their ability to mobilize large amounts of manpower.
• Both the Aztecs and the Incas found that their military power was less
effective against nomadic peoples who lived on their frontiers.
Essentially, the empires were created by the conquest of sedentary
agricultural peoples and the extraction of tribute and labor from them.
• At the same time, their ability to survive the shock of conquest and to
contribute to the formation of societies after conquest demonstrates
much of their strength and resiliency. Long after the Aztec and Inca
empires had ceased to exist, the peoples of the Andes and Mexico
continue to draw on these cultural traditions.
Comparing The Incas And Aztecs (3)
• There were considerable differences between Mesoamerica and
the Andean region in terms of climate and geography but also
in terms of their civilizations.
• Trade and markets, for example, were far more developed in the
Aztec Empire and earlier in Mesoamerica in general than in the
Andean world.
• There were considerable differences in metallurgy, in writing
systems, and in social definition and hierarchy. But within the
context of world civilizations, these two empires are variations
of populations where sedentary agriculture is the most
important.