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Tiempo Extrano 2018Th Edition Joe Hill Download 2024 Full Chapter
Tiempo Extrano 2018Th Edition Joe Hill Download 2024 Full Chapter
REPORT ON AWARDS.
“Group No. XX.
“Catalogue No. 1027.
“Product, Models of Improvements in Steam-engines.
“Name and address of exhibitor, Frederick E. Sickels.
“The undersigned, having examined the products herein
described, respectfully recommend the same to the United States
Centennial Commission for Award for the following reasons, viz:
“These exhibits possess great historical interest.
“In the year 1842 Mr. Sickels patented the trip or liberating cut-off,
an invention which, in a variety of forms, has come into use
wherever steam-engines are made. In applying this invention to
poppet valves, Mr. Sickels prevented these valves from striking their
seats by his invention of the dash-pot, in which he availed himself of
the incompressibility, the indestructibility and the divisibility of water,
and which is now employed for this purpose in all such applications.
“In 1848 he patented an improvement in the method of controlling
motive power, by which method steam is applied at the present time
to various uses, notable among which is the steering of steam
vessels, the steersmen turning the wheel precisely as in steering by
hand, but all the force being exerted by the steam.
“Charles T. Porter,
“Reporting Judge.
“Approval of Group Judges,
Horatio Allen, Chas. E. Emery, Emil Brugsch,
F. Reuleaux, N. Petroff.”
James Moore
After our work was finished and I had gone home the awards were
made public; to my astonishment the award to Mr. Sickels was not
among them, so I wrote to General Walker, who was our medium of
communication with the Commission, asking the reason for this
omission. He replied that the award had been thrown out by the
Committee of Revision. “Committee of Revision!” I had never heard
of such a thing. I asked for an explanation and I learned that the
judges did not make awards, they only recommended them; the
awards were made by the Commission after they had passed the
scrutiny of the Committee of Revision. Well, who were the
Committee of Revision? I learned that the Commission consisted of
two commissioners from each State appointed by the Governor; Mr.
Corliss was a commissioner from Rhode Island. At a meeting of the
commissioners Mr. Corliss proposed the novel scheme of a
Committee of Revision, to which the action of the judges should be
submitted for approval before the awards were made. The idea
seemed to please the members of the Commission, as tending to
magnify their own importance, and it was adopted; as a matter of
usual courtesy Mr. Corliss was made chairman of the committee,
and the committee threw out the award to Mr. Sickels. I made careful
inquiry and could never learn that the Committee of Revision threw
out any other award, so it seemed evident that with the throwing out
of this award to Mr. Sickels the object of its existence was
accomplished.
In the Corliss valve system the liberation of the valve was the
fundamental idea; this was applied by him to valves moving in the
direction parallel with their seats. It not being necessary to arrest
their motion at any precise point, they were caught by air cushions at
any points after they had covered their ports. Mr. Corliss had
appropriated the liberating idea, according to “the good old rule, the
simple plan, that they may take who have the power, and they may
keep who can,” and all this machinery had been devised by him to
prevent the historical fact that the liberating idea had been invented
by Mr. Sickels from appearing in the records of the exhibition. By all
this enormous expenditure of ingenuity and influence he succeeded
in giving to this fact a prominence and importance which it would
never otherwise have had, besides advertising his efforts to
suppress it.
Mr. Horatio Allen’s life-long aversion to Mr. Sickels was caused by
professional jealousy. Mr. Allen conceived himself to be an inventor,
and for years had been cherishing a cut-off invention of his own. The
original firm was Stillman, Allen & Co., and for years Mr. Stillman had
prevented the Novelty Iron Works from being sacrificed to Mr. Allen’s
genius, but later Mr. Allen had obtained supreme control of these
works by an affiliation with Brown Brothers, the bankers, his principal
stockholders, and Mr. Stillman sold out his interest and retired from
the firm. Mr. Allen, having a clear field, now determined to put his
invention on the new steamer of the Collins line, the “Adriatic,” and
American engineers were amused at the display of this amazing
absurdity on the largest possible scale. In this construction there
were four valves; each valve was a conical plug about six feet long
and had four movements; first it was withdrawn from its seat a
distance of three inches so that it could be rotated freely, then it was
rotated first to draw off the lap. Up to this point theoretically the port
had not been opened, but the steam had been blowing into the
cylinder or out of it, as the case might be, through these enormous
cracks; the valves then rotated further to produce the opening
movement, for either admission or release; the rotation was then
reversed until it reached its original position, then the fourth
movement brought it to its seat. It is probable that the ship would
have gone to sea working steam after this ridiculous fashion, if the
complicated mechanism required to produce the four movements
had not broken down at the trial of the engines at the dock, beyond
the power of Mr. Allen’s genius to remedy; so the valves had to be
removed and the Stevens valves and Sickels cut-off were substituted
for them. The story that any sane man ever designed a four-motion
steam-engine valve, and that he made the first application of it on
the largest steamship, except the Great Eastern, then in the world, is
such a tax on credulity, that I was glad to find the following
corroboration of it in a letter to “Power,” from which I copy the
essential portion.
Emil Brugsch