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𝑥2 𝑦2
+ =1 ; 𝑦≥0
42 22
Solución: Utilizando las fórmulas del centro de masa de una lámina con densidad dada.
𝑴𝒚 𝑴𝒙
𝑚 = ∬ 𝜌(𝑥,𝑦) 𝑑𝐴 ; 𝑀𝑥 = ∬ 𝑦𝜌(𝑥,𝑦) 𝑑𝐴 ; 𝑀𝑦 = ∬ 𝑥𝜌(𝑥,𝑦) 𝑑𝐴 ; ̅=
𝒙 ; ̅=
𝒚
𝑅 𝑅 𝑅 𝒎 𝒎
𝑥 = 4𝑟 cos 𝜃
Empleando Coordenadas polares generalizadas: { → 𝐽 = 4 ⋅ 2 ⋅ 𝑟 = 8𝑟
𝑦 = 2𝑟 sin 𝜃
𝑥2 𝑦2 𝑥 2 𝑦 2
+ = 1 → ( ) + ( ) = 1 → 𝑟 2 cos 2 𝜃 + 𝑟 2 sin2 𝜃 = 1 → 𝑟=1
42 22 4 2
𝜋 1
2 2 𝑚 = ∬ 𝑦 𝑑𝑦𝑑𝑥 = ∫ ∫ 2𝑟 sin 𝜃 ⋅ 8𝑟 𝑑𝑟𝑑𝜃
y x y
1 𝑅 0 0
2 42 22
𝜋 1 𝜋
𝑟3 16 16 32
(x , y ) r 1 𝑚 = 16 ∫ sin 𝜃 ⋅
3 0
| 𝑑𝜃 = − cos 𝜃| = − (−1 − 1) =
3 3 3
0 0
-4 4 x
𝜋 1 𝜋 1 𝜋
𝑟4 1 − cos 2𝜃
𝑀𝑥 = ∬ 𝑦 ⋅ 𝑦 𝑑𝐴 = ∬ 𝑦 2 𝑑𝐴 = ∫ ∫ (2𝑟 sin 𝜃)2 ⋅ 8𝑟 𝑑𝑟𝑑𝜃 = 32 ∫ sin2 𝜃 ⋅ | 𝑑𝜃 = 8 ∫ 𝑑𝜃
𝑅 𝑅 0 0 0 4 0 0 2
sin 2𝜃 𝜋 1 𝑀𝑥 4𝜋 3
𝑀𝑥 = 4 (𝜃 − )| = 4 [(𝜋 − 0) − (0 − 0)] = 4𝜋 → 𝑦̅ = = 32 = 𝜋
2 0 2 𝑚 8
3
𝜋 1 𝜋 1
2
𝑟4
𝑀𝑦 = ∬ 𝑥 ⋅ 𝑦 𝑑𝐴 = ∬ 𝑦 𝑑𝐴 = ∫ ∫ (4𝑟 cos 𝜃)(2𝑟 sin 𝜃) ⋅ 8𝑟 𝑑𝑟𝑑𝜃 = 64 ∫ sin 𝜃 cos 𝜃 ⋅ | 𝑑𝜃
𝑅 𝑅 0 0 0 4 0
𝜋
sin2 𝜃 𝑀𝑦 0
𝑀𝑦 = 16 ( )| = 8[0 − 0] = 0 → 𝑥̅ = = 32 =0
2 0 𝑚
3
𝟑
(𝒙 ̅) = (𝟎 , 𝝅)
̅, 𝒚
𝟖
Solución:
2𝜋 1 1
z 𝐼 = ∭ √𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 𝑑𝑥𝑑𝑦𝑑𝑧 = ∫ ∫ ∫ √𝑟 2 ⋅ 𝑟 𝑑𝑧𝑑𝑟𝑑𝜃
𝑣 0 0 𝑟
z 1
2𝜋 1 2𝜋 1
1
𝐼=∫ ∫ 𝑟 2 ⋅ 𝑧 |𝑟 𝑑𝑟𝑑𝜃 = ∫ ∫ (𝑟 2 − 𝑟 3 ) 𝑑𝑟𝑑𝜃
0 0 0 0
z x2 y2
1
z r 2𝜋
𝑟3 𝑟4 1 𝜋
𝐼=∫ ( − )| 𝑑𝜃 = ⋅ 2𝜋 =
0 3 4 0 12 6
R 𝝅
y 𝑰=
𝟔
x 2 y2 1
x r 1
Ejercicio 3.
Solución:
(𝑥 − 1)2 + (𝑦 − 1)2 = 22
3 (x 1)2 (y 1)2 22
r 2
(1,1)
-1 3 x
2𝜋 2 2𝜋 2 2
2] 3) 2𝜋 𝑟2 𝑟4 1
𝑉=∫ ∫ [4 − 𝑟 𝑟 𝑑𝑟𝑑𝜃 = ∫ 𝑑𝜃 ∫ (4𝑟 − 𝑟 𝑑𝑟 = 𝜃 |0 ⋅ (4 − )| = 2𝜋 [2(22 − 02 ) − (24 − 04 )]
0 0 0 0 2 4 0 4
𝑽 = 𝟖𝝅 [𝒖𝟑 ]
M.Sc. Ing. Juan Carlos Quispe Apaza
Ejercicio 4. Calcule el área de la parte del cono 𝑧 2 = 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2, que está en el interior del
paraboloide 𝑧 = 2𝑥 2 + 2𝑦 2
𝑧2 = 𝑥2 + 𝑦2 𝑧 𝑧=0
Intersectando las superficies: { → 𝑧2 = → 𝑧(2𝑧 − 1) = 0 → 𝑧=
1 →
𝑧 = 2𝑥 2 + 2𝑦 2 2
2
1 2 1
𝑅: 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 = ( ) Transformado a polares → 𝑅: 𝑟 =
2 2
z 2
𝑆 = ∬ √1 + (𝑧𝑥 )2 + (𝑧𝑦 ) 𝑑𝐴
𝑅
2 2
𝑥 𝑦
𝑆 = ∬ √1 + ( ) +( ) 𝑑𝐴
z x2 y2 𝑅 √𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 √𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2
1 2
2𝜋
2 (12)
R
y 𝑆 = ∬ √2 𝑑𝐴 = √2 ∫ ∫ 𝑟 𝑑𝑟𝑑𝜃 = √2 ⋅ 2𝜋 ⋅
𝑅 0 0 2
2
x2 y2 1
2 √𝟐
r 1 𝑺= 𝝅 [𝒖𝟐 ]
x 2 𝟒
𝜕𝑃 𝜕𝑄
Solución: La integral es independiente de la trayectoria, pues se cumple: =
𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑥
𝜕𝑃 𝜕𝑄
= 6𝑥 − 3𝑦 2 ; = 6𝑥 − 3𝑦 2 ⇒ podemos usar cualquier trayectoria o podemos hallar la
𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑥
función escalar.
3
x 2
y 0
-1 0 1 2 3 x
M.Sc. Ing. Juan Carlos Quispe Apaza
𝐶1 : 𝑦 = 0 → 𝑑𝑦 = 0 𝐶2 : 𝑥 = 2 → 𝑑𝑥 = 0
2 3
𝐼 = ∫ (6𝑥 ⋅ 0 − 03 ) 𝑑𝑥 + (4𝑦 + 3𝑥 2 − 3𝑥𝑦 2 ) ⋅ 0 + ∫ (6 ⋅ 2 ⋅ 𝑦 − 𝑦 3 ) ⋅ 0 + (4𝑦 + 3 ⋅ 22 − 3 ⋅ 2 ⋅ 𝑦 2 )𝑑𝑦
1 0
3 3
𝑦2 𝑦3
𝐼 = ∫ (12 + 4𝑦 − 6𝑦 2 ) 𝑑𝑦 = (12𝑦 + 4 2
−6 3 0
)| = 12 ⋅ 3 + 2 ⋅ 32 − 2 ⋅ 33 = 0
0
𝑰=𝟎
(6𝑥𝑦 − 𝑦 3 )𝑑𝑥 + ⏟
⏟ (4𝑦 + 3𝑥 2 − 3𝑥𝑦 2 )𝑑𝑦 … (1)
𝜕𝑓 𝜕𝑓
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦
𝜕𝑓
= 6𝑥𝑦 − 𝑦 3 → 𝑑𝑓 = (6𝑥𝑦 − 𝑦 3 )𝑑𝑥 → ∫ 𝑑𝑓 = ∫(6𝑥𝑦 − 𝑦 3 )𝑑𝑥
𝜕𝑥
𝑥2
𝑓=6 𝑦 − 𝑥𝑦 3 + 𝜙(𝑦) … (2) derivando (2) respecto de "𝑦", luego comparando con (1)
2
𝜕𝑓
= 3𝑥 2 − 3𝑥𝑦 2 + 𝜙 ′ (𝑦) = 4𝑦 + 3𝑥 2 − 3𝑥𝑦 2 → 𝜙 ′ (𝑦) = 4𝑦 → ∫ 𝑑𝜙 = ∫ 4𝑦 → 𝜙 = 2𝑦 2 + 𝐶
𝜕𝑦
En (2) 𝑓(𝑥,𝑦) = 3𝑥 2 𝑦 − 𝑥𝑦 3 + 2𝑦 2 + 𝐶
(2,3)
𝐼 = ∫ (6𝑥𝑦 − 𝑦 3 ) 𝑑𝑥 + (4𝑦 + 3𝑥 2 − 3𝑥𝑦 2 )𝑑𝑦 = ∫ ∇𝑓 ∘ 𝑑𝑟 = 𝑓 |(1,0)
𝐶 𝐶
𝐼 = 3 ⋅ 22 ⋅ 3 − 2 ⋅ 33 + 2 ⋅ 32 + 𝐶 − (3 ⋅ 12 ⋅ 0 − 1 ⋅ 03 + 2 ⋅ 02 + 𝐶) = 0
𝑰=𝟎