“AÑO DE LA UNIDAD, LA PAZ Y EL DESARROLLO”

FACULTAD DE INGENIERÍA CIVIL Y ARQUITECTURA

ESCUELA PROFESIONAL DE INGENIERÍA CIVIL

ASIGNATURA

ANALISIS MATEMATICO I

DOCENTE

LIC. JOSE ENRRIQUE GUZMAN ANTICONA

INTEGRANTES

AREVALO GARCIA FANNY SARAI

CARRASCO BARBOZA DIEGO CESAR
GUERRA OJANAMA JAVIN

TARAPOTO – PERÚ
LIMITES DE INDETERMINADOS DE LA FORMA 0/0

𝑥 2 −(𝑎+1)𝑥+𝑎
1. 𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑥→𝑎 𝑥 3 −𝑎3
𝑥 (𝑥 − 1) − 𝑎(𝑥 − 1)
𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑥→𝑎
(𝑥 − 𝑎)(𝑥 2 + 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑎2 )
(𝑥 − 1)(𝑥 − 𝑎)
𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑥→𝑎
(𝑥 − 𝑎)(𝑥 2 + 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑎2 )
𝑥−1 𝑎−1
𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑥→𝑎 =
(𝑥 2 + 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑎2 ) 3𝑎2

1−𝑋 2
3. 𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑥→1 , 𝑎 > 0, 𝑎 ≠ 1
(1+𝑎𝑥)2 −(𝑎+𝑥)2

1 − 𝑋2
𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑥→1
(1 + 𝑎2 𝑥 2 + 𝑎𝑥 ) − (𝑎2 + 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑥 2 )
1 − 𝑋2
𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑥→1
1 + 𝑎2 𝑥 2 − 𝑎2 − 𝑥 2
1 − 𝑋2 1
𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑥→1 =
(1 − 𝑥 2 ) − 𝑎 2 ( 1 − 𝑥 2 ) 1 − 𝑎 2

(𝑓𝑜𝑔)(𝑥+1)
5. 𝑆𝑖 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = 𝑥 − 2 𝑦 𝑔(𝑥 + 1) = 𝑥 2 − 𝑥, 𝑐𝑎𝑙𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑟 𝑒𝑙 𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑥→2 (𝑔𝑜𝑓)(𝑥+2)

𝑓(𝑥 ) = 𝑥 − 2 ⇒ 𝑓 (𝑥 + 2) = 𝑥
𝑔(𝑥 + 1) = 𝑥 2 − 𝑥 ⇒ 𝑔(𝑥 ) = 𝑥 2 − 3𝑥 + 2

(𝑓𝑜𝑔)(𝑥 + 1) = 𝑓(𝑔(𝑥 + 1)) = 𝑓 (𝑥 2 − 𝑥 ) = 𝑥 2 − 𝑥 + 2

(𝑔𝑜𝑓 )(𝑥 + 2) = 𝑔(𝑓 (𝑥 + 2)) = 𝑔(𝑥 ) = 𝑥 2 − 3𝑥 + 2

(𝑓𝑜𝑔)(𝑥 + 1) 𝑥2 − 𝑥 + 2 (𝑥 − 2)(𝑥 + 1)
𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑥→2 = 𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑥→2 2 = 𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑥→2 =3
(𝑔𝑜𝑓 )(𝑥 + 2) 𝑥 − 3𝑥 + 2 (𝑥 − 2)(𝑥 − 1)
 √𝑥−4−√3𝑥−14
7. 𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑥→5 𝑥−5

(√𝑥 − 4 − √3𝑥 − 14)(√𝑥 − 4 + √3𝑥 − 14)

𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑥→5
(𝑥 − 5)(√𝑥 − 4 + √3𝑥 − 14)
−2𝑥 + 10 −2(𝑥 − 5)
𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑥→5 = 𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑥→5
(𝑥 − 5)(√𝑥 − 4 + √3𝑥 − 14) (𝑥 − 5)(√𝑥 − 4 + √3𝑥 − 14)
−2 −2
𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑥→5 = = −1
√𝑥 − 4 + √3𝑥 − 14 1+1

√𝑥 2 +9−3
9. 𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑥→0 𝑥 4 +𝑥 2

(√𝑥 2 + 9 − 3)(√𝑥 2 + 9 + 3) 𝑥2 1
𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑥→0 = 𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑥→0 =
𝑥 2 (𝑥 2 + 1)(√𝑥 2 + 9 + 3) 𝑥 2 (𝑥 2 + 1)(√𝑥 2 + 9 + 3) 6

3
√𝑥+7−2
11. 𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑥→1
√𝑥+7−√8
3 3 2 3
( √𝑥 + 7 − 2)( √𝑥 + 7 + 2 √𝑥 + 7 + 4)(√𝑥 + 7 + √8)
𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑥→1 2
3 3
(√𝑥 + 7 − √8)( √𝑥 + 7 + 2 √𝑥 + 7 + 4)(√𝑥 + 7 + √8)

(𝑥 − 1)(√𝑥 + 7 + √8) 4√2 √2

𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑥→1 2 = =
(𝑥 − 1) ( 3√𝑥 + 7 + 2 3√𝑥 + 7 + 4) 4(3) 3

3
√𝑥 2 −4 3√𝑥 +4
13. 𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑥→8
(𝑥−8)2
2 2
2
3
√𝑥 − 2 ( 3√𝑥 − 2) ( 3√𝑥 + 2 3√𝑥 + 4)
𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑥→8 [ ] = 𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑥→8 [ 2 ]
𝑥−8 (𝑥 − 8) ( 3√𝑥 + 2 3√𝑥 + 4)
2
(𝑥 − 8) 1 2 1
𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑥→8 [ 2 ] = ( ) =
(𝑥 − 8) ( 3√𝑥 + 2 3√𝑥 + 4) 12 144
 3
√2𝑥−𝑥+2 √2𝑥 −√8
15. 𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑥→4 𝑥−4
3
√2𝑥 − √8 2 √2𝑥 − 𝑥
𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑥→4 + 𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑥→4
𝑥−4 𝑥−4
3
(√2𝑥 − √8)(√2𝑥 + √8) 2√2𝑥 − 𝑥 − 4 + 4
𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑥→4 + 𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑥→4
(𝑥 − 4)(√2𝑥 + √8) 𝑥−4
3
2(𝑥 − 4) 2√2𝑥 − 4 𝑥−4
𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑥→4 + 𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑥→4 − 𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑥→4
(𝑥 − 4)(√2𝑥 + √8) 𝑥−4 𝑥−4
3
2 2 √2𝑥 − 4
𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑥→4 + 𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑥→4 −1
(√2𝑥 + √8) 𝑥−4
3 3 2 3
2 2( √2𝑥 − 2) (√2𝑥 + 2√2𝑥 + 4)
𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑥→4 + 𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑥→4 2 −1
(√2𝑥 + √8) 3
(𝑥 − 4) (√2𝑥 3
+ 2√2𝑥 + 4)

2 4(𝑥 − 4) 1 1 3√2 − 8
𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑥→4 + 𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑥→4 2 −1= + −1=
(√2𝑥 + √8) 3
(𝑥 − 4) (√2𝑥 3
+ 2√2𝑥 + 4) 2√2 3 12

𝑥 2 −6−√𝑥+6
17. 𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑥→3
√𝑥+1−2

𝑥 2 − 6 − √𝑥 + 6 + 3 − 3 𝑥2 − 9 √𝑥 + 6 − 3
𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑥→3 = 𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑥→3 − 𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑥→3
√𝑥 + 1 − 2 √𝑥 + 1 − 2 √𝑥 + 1 − 2
(𝑥 − 3)(𝑥 + 3)(√𝑥 + 1 + 2) (√𝑥 + 6 − 3)(√𝑥 + 6 + 3)(√𝑥 + 1 + 2)
𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑥→3 − 𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑥→3
(√𝑥 + 1 − 2)(√𝑥 + 1 + 2) (√𝑥 + 1 − 2)(√𝑥 + 1 + 2)(√𝑥 + 6 + 3)
(𝑥 − 3)(𝑥 + 3)(√𝑥 + 1 + 2) (𝑥 − 3)(√𝑥 + 1 + 2)
𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑥→3 − 𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑥→3
(𝑥 − 3) (𝑥 − 3)(√𝑥 + 6 + 3)

(√𝑥 + 1 + 2) 1 70
𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑥→3 (𝑥 + 3)(√𝑥 + 1 + 2) − 𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑥→3 = 24 − =
(√𝑥 + 6 + 3) 3 3

3
3 √2𝑥 2 −2√3𝑥 2 +4+2
19. 𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑥→2 𝑥−2
3 3
3√2𝑥 2 − 2√3𝑥 2 + 4 + 2 + 6 − 6 3√2𝑥 − 6 2√3𝑥 2 + 4 − 8
𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑥→2 = 𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑥→2 − 𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑥→2
𝑥−2 𝑥−2 𝑥−2
 3
3( √2𝑥 − 2) 2(√3𝑥 2 + 4 − 4)
𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑥→2 − 𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑥→2
𝑥−2 𝑥−2
3 3 3
3( √2𝑥 − 2)( √2𝑥 2 + 2√2𝑥 + 4) 2(√3𝑥 2 + 4 − 4)(√3𝑥 2 + 4 + 4)
𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑥→2 2 − 𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑥→2
3
(𝑥 − 2) (√2𝑥 3
+ 2√2𝑥 + 4) (𝑥 − 2)(√3𝑥 2 + 4 + 4)

3(2𝑥 2 − 8) 2(3𝑥 2 − 12)

𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑥→2 2 − 𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑥→2
(𝑥 − 2) ( 3√2𝑥 + 2√2𝑥
3
+ 4) (𝑥 − 2)(√3𝑥 2 + 4 + 4)

6(𝑥 2 − 4) 6(𝑥 2 − 4)
𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑥→2 2 − 𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑥→2
(𝑥 − 2) ( 3√2𝑥 + 2√2𝑥
3
+ 4) (𝑥 − 2)(√3𝑥 2 + 4 + 4)

6(𝑥 − 2)(𝑥 + 2) 6(𝑥 + 2)(𝑥 − 2)

𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑥→2 2 − 𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑥→2
(𝑥 − 2) ( 3√2𝑥 + 2√2𝑥
3
+ 4) (𝑥 − 2)(√3𝑥 2 + 4 + 4)

6(𝑥 + 2) 6(𝑥 + 2) 24 24
𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑥→2 2 − 𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑥→2 = − = −1
3
( √2𝑥 + 2√2𝑥 + 4)
3
(√3𝑥 2 + 4 + 4) 12 8

3
√1+𝑥 2 − 4√1−2𝑥
21. 𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑥→0 𝑥+𝑥 2
3 4 3 4
√1 + 𝑥 2 − √1 − 2𝑥 + 1 − 1 √1 + 𝑥 2 − 1 √1 − 2𝑥 − 1
𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑥→0 2
= 𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑥→0 2
− 𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑥→0
𝑥+𝑥 𝑥+𝑥 𝑥 + 𝑥2
3 3 3 2
( √1+𝑥 2 −1)( √1+𝑥 2 + √1+𝑥 2 +1) ( 4√1−2𝑥−1)( 4√1−2𝑥+1)( 4√1−2𝑥 +1)
𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑥→0 3 3 − 𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑥→0 4 4 2
𝑥(𝑥+1)( √1+𝑥 2 + √1+𝑥 2 +1) 𝑥 (𝑥+1)( √1−2𝑥+1)( √1−2𝑥 +1)

𝑥2 −2𝑥
𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑥→0 3 3 − 𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑥→0 2
𝑥 (𝑥 + 1)( √1 + 𝑥 2 + √1 + 𝑥 2 + 1) 4 4
𝑥 (𝑥 + 1)( √1 − 2𝑥 + 1) ( √1 − 2𝑥 + 1)
𝑥 −2
𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑥→0 3 3 − 𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑥→0 2
(𝑥 + 1)( √1 + 𝑥 2 + √1 + 𝑥 2 + 1) (𝑥 + 1)( 4√1 − 2𝑥 + 1) (√1
4
− 2𝑥 + 1)
𝑥 −2 0 −2 1 1
𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑥→0 − 𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑥→0 = − =0+ =
(𝑥 + 1)(1 + 1 + 1) (𝑥 + 1)(2)(2) 3 4 2 2

√𝑥+√3𝑥+1−√2𝑥+7
23. 𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑥→1
√𝑥+√4𝑥+5−√3𝑥+13

(√𝑥 + √3𝑥 + 1) − √2𝑥 + 7 (√𝑥 + √3𝑥 + 1) + √2𝑥 + 7

𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑥→1 ×
(√𝑥 + √4𝑥 + 5) − √3𝑥 + 13 (√𝑥 + √3𝑥 + 1) + √2𝑥 + 7
 2
(√𝑥+√3𝑥+1) −2𝑥−7 (√𝑥+√4𝑥+5)+√3𝑥+13
𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑥→1 ( ×
√𝑥+√4𝑥+5)−√ 3𝑥+13 ((√𝑥+√3𝑥+1)+√2𝑥+7)((√𝑥+√4𝑥+5)+√3𝑥+13)

2
(√𝑥 + √3𝑥 + 1) − 2𝑥 − 7 (√𝑥 + √4𝑥 + 5) + √3𝑥 + 13
𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑥→1 2 ×
(√𝑥 + √4𝑥 + 5) − 3𝑥 − 13 ((√𝑥 + √3𝑥 + 1) + √2𝑥 + 7)

(𝑥 + 3𝑥 + 1 − 2𝑥 − 7 + 2√𝑥 √3𝑥 + 1) ((√𝑥 + √4𝑥 + 5) + √3𝑥 + 13)

𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑥→1
(𝑥 + 4𝑥 + 5 − 3𝑥 − 13 + 2√𝑥 √4𝑥 + 5) ((√𝑥 + √3𝑥 + 1) + √2𝑥 + 7)

((2𝑥 − 6) + (√12𝑥 2 + 4𝑥)) ((√𝑥 + √4𝑥 + 5) + √3𝑥 + 13)

𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑥→1
((2𝑥 − 8) + (√16𝑥 2 + 20)) ((√𝑥 + √3𝑥 + 1) + √2𝑥 + 7)

((2𝑥−6)2 +12𝑥 2 +4𝑥)((2𝑥−8)−(√16𝑥 2 +20))((√𝑥+√4𝑥+5)+√3𝑥+13)

𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑥→1
((2𝑥−8)+(√16𝑥 2 +20))((2𝑥−6)−(√12𝑥 2 +4𝑥))((√𝑥+√3𝑥+1)+√2𝑥+7)

(4𝑥 2 +36−24𝑥−12𝑥 2 −4𝑥 ) 12 8 −8𝑥 2 −28𝑥+36 12

𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑥→1 (4𝑥 2 +64−32𝑥−16𝑥 2 −20𝑥) × × 6 = 𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑥→1 −12𝑥 2 −52𝑥+64 ×
8 6

−2𝑥 2 − 7𝑥 + 9 −(2𝑥 2 + 7𝑥 − 9)
𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑥→1 × 2 = 𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑥→1 ×2
−3𝑥 2 − 13𝑥 + 16 −(3𝑥 2 + 13𝑥 − 16)
(2𝑥 + 4)(𝑥 − 1) 11 × 2 22
𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑥→1 ×2= =
(3𝑥 + 16)(𝑥 − 1) 19 19

3
√5𝑥−2+𝑥+8
25. 𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑥→−5 5
√𝑥 2 −𝑥+2+𝑥+3
3 3
√5𝑥 − 2 + 3 𝑥 + 5 √5𝑥 − 2 + 3
+ +1
𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑥→−5 5 𝑥 + 5 𝑥 + 5 = 𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑥→−5 5 𝑥+5
√𝑥 2 − 𝑥 + 2 − 2 𝑥 + 3 + 2 √𝑥 2 − 𝑥 + 2 − 2
+ +1
𝑥+5 𝑥+5 𝑥+5
3 3 2 3
( √5𝑥−2+3)( √5𝑥−2 −3 √5𝑥−2+9) 5𝑥+25
✓ 𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑥→−5 3 2 3
+ 1 = 𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑥→−5 3 2 3
+1
(𝑥+5)( √5𝑥−2 −3 √5𝑥−2+9) (𝑥+5)( √5𝑥−2 −3 √5𝑥−2+9)

5(𝑥 + 5) 5 32
𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑥→−5 2 +1= +1=
3
(𝑥 + 5) ( √5𝑥 − 2 − 3 √5𝑥 − 2 + 9)
3 27 27

5
√𝑥 2 −𝑥+2−2
✓ 𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑥→−5 +1
𝑥+5
5 4 5 3 5 2 5
( √𝑥 2 −𝑥+2 + √𝑥 2 −𝑥+2 ∗2+ √𝑥 2 −𝑥+2 ∗4+ √𝑥 2 −𝑥+2+16)
𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑥→−5 5 4 5 3 5 2 5
+1
( √𝑥 2 −𝑥+2 + √𝑥 2 −𝑥+2 ∗2+ √𝑥 2 −𝑥+2 ∗4+ √𝑥 2 −𝑥+2+16)(𝑥+5)
 𝑥 2 − 𝑥 + 2 − 32 (𝑥 − 6)(𝑥 + 5) 69
𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑥→−5 +1= +1=
(𝑥 + 5)(16 + 16 + 16 + 16 + 16) (𝑥 + 5)(80) 80
32
2560
∴ 27 =
69 1863
80

√𝑥 3 +3√𝑥−3𝑥−1
27. 𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑥→1 3
𝑥+3 3√𝑥 −3 √𝑥 2 −1
3 3
√𝑥 3 − 3𝑥 + 3√𝑥 − 1 (√𝑥 − 1) √𝑥 − 1
𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑥→1 3 3
= 𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑥→1 3 3 = 𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑥→1 ( 3 )
𝑥 − 3 √𝑥 2 + 3 √𝑥 − 1 ( √𝑥 − 1) √𝑥 − 1
2 3
3
√𝑥 − 1 (√𝑥 − 1)(√𝑥 + 1) ( 3√𝑥 + 3√𝑥 + 1)
(𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑥→1 3 ) = (𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑥→1 3 2 )
√𝑥 − 1 ( √𝑥 − 1)(√𝑥 + 1) ( 3√𝑥 + 3√𝑥 + 1)

2 3
3
√𝑥 − 1 (√𝑥 − 1)(√𝑥 + 1) ( 3√𝑥 + 3√𝑥 + 1)
(𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑥→1 3 ) = (𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑥→1 3 2 )
√𝑥 − 1 ( √𝑥 − 1)(√𝑥 + 1) ( 3√𝑥 + 3√𝑥 + 1)
3
(𝑥 − 1)(3) 3 3 27
(𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑥→1 ) =( ) =
(𝑥 − 1)(2) 2 8

√𝑥−1−𝑥+√𝑥 2 −3
29. 𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑥→2
√3𝑥+10−4

√𝑥 − 1 − 𝑥 + √𝑥 2 − 3 + 1 − 1 √𝑥 − 1 − 𝑥 + 1 √𝑥 2 − 3 − 1
𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑥→2 = 𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑥→2 + 𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑥→2
√3𝑥 + 10 − 4 √3𝑥 + 10 − 4 √3𝑥 + 10 − 4
√𝑥 − 1 − 𝑥 + 1 + 1 − 1 √𝑥 2 − 3 − 1
𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑥→2 + 𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑥→2
√3𝑥 + 10 − 4 √3𝑥 + 10 − 4
√𝑥 − 1 − 1 𝑥−2 √𝑥 2 − 3 − 1
𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑥→2 + 𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑥→2 − + 𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑥→2
√3𝑥 + 10 − 4 √3𝑥 + 10 − 4 √3𝑥 + 10 − 4

𝑥−1−1 √ √( 𝑥−1−1)( 𝑥−1+1)( 3𝑥+10+4)

√ (𝑥−2)(√3𝑥+10+4) 4
✓ 𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑥→2 √√3𝑥+10−4 = 𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑥→2 ( 3𝑥+10−4)( 3𝑥+10+4)( 𝑥−1+1) = 𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑥→2 3(𝑥−2)( 𝑥−1+1) = 3
√ √ √ √

√ (𝑥−2)( 3𝑥+10+4) (𝑥−2)(√3𝑥+10+4) 8

✓ 𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑥→2 − (√3𝑥+10−4)(√3𝑥+10+4)
= 𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑥→2 − 3(𝑥−2)
= −3
 2 (√𝑥 2 −3−1)(√𝑥 2−3+1)( 3𝑥+10+4) (𝑥 2 −4)(√3𝑥+10+4)
✓ 𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑥→2 √√𝑥 −3−1 √
= 𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑥→2 ( = 𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑥→2
3𝑥+10−4 √3𝑥+10−4)(√3𝑥+10+4)(√𝑥 2 −3+1) 3(𝑥−2)(√𝑥 2 −3+1)

(𝑥 − 2)(𝑥 + 2)(√3𝑥 + 10 + 4) (𝑥 + 2)(√3𝑥 + 10 + 4) 16

𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑥→2 = 𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑥→2 =
3(𝑥 − 2)(√𝑥 2 − 3 + 1) 3(√𝑥 2 − 3 + 1) 3

4 8 16 12
∴ − + = =4
3 3 3 3

LIMITES LATERALES

1. 𝐶𝑎𝑙𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑟 𝑠𝑖 𝑒𝑥𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑛 𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑥→1 𝑓(𝑥 ), 𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑥→4 𝑓 (𝑥 ), 𝑑𝑜𝑛𝑑𝑒:

𝑥2, 𝑥 < 1
𝑓(𝑥 ) = {𝑥, 1 < 𝑥 < 4
4 − 𝑥, 𝑥 > 4

✓ 𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑥→1+ 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = 𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑥→1 𝑥 = 1
𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑥→1− 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = 𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑥→1 𝑥 2 = 1
✓ 𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑥→4+ 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = 𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑥→4 4 − 𝑥 = 0
𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑥→4− 𝑓(𝑥 ) = 𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑥→4 𝑥 = 1
∴ 𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑥→1 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = 1
∴ 𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑥→4 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = ∄
3. 𝐶𝑎𝑙𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑟 𝑠𝑖 𝑒𝑥𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑛 𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑥→1 𝑓(𝑥 ), 𝑑𝑜𝑛𝑑𝑒:
𝑥 2, 𝑥 ≤ 1
𝑓 (𝑥 ) = {
2, 𝑥 > 1
✓ 𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑥→1+ 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = 𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑥→1 2 = 2
✓ 𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑥→1− 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = 𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑥→1 𝑥 2 = 1
∴ 𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑥→1 𝑓(𝑥 ) = ∄
5. 𝐶𝑎𝑙𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑟 𝑠𝑖 𝑒𝑥𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑛
𝑙𝑖𝑚 5 √ |𝑥 | + ⟦3𝑥 ⟧
𝑥→
2
5 5
𝑠𝑖 𝑥 < 2 𝑠𝑖 𝑥 > 2
15 15
3𝑥 < 3𝑥 >
2 2

3𝑥 < 7.5 3𝑥 > 7.5

⟦3𝑥 ⟧ = 7 ⟦3𝑥 ⟧ = 7
 5 19
✓ 𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑥→5− √2 + 7 = √ 2
2

5 19
✓ 𝑙𝑖𝑚 5+ √ +7= √
𝑥→ 2 2
2

19
∴ 𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑥→5 𝑓(𝑥 ) = √ 2
2

7. Calcular si existen
|16 − 𝑥 2 | + 1
𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑥→4
(4 − 𝑥 )√5 − |𝑥 − 1|
𝑥 − 1; 𝑥 ≥ 1 𝑥 2 − 16; 𝑥 ∈< −∞, −4] ∪ [4, +∞ >
|𝑥 − 1| = { |16 − 𝑥 2 | = {
1 − 𝑥; 𝑥 < 1 16 − 𝑥 2 ; 𝑥 ∈< −4,4 >
16−𝑥 2 +1 17−𝑥 2 1
✓ 𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑥→4− ( = 𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑥→4− ( =( = +∞
4−𝑥)√6−𝑥 4−𝑥)(√6−𝑥) 0)(√2)

𝑥 2 −16+1 𝑥 2 −15 1
✓ 𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑥→4+ (4−𝑥) = 𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑥→4+ (4−𝑥)( = (0)( = −∞
√6−𝑥 √6−𝑥) √2)

∴ 𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑥→4 𝑓(𝑥 ) = ∄

9. 𝐶𝑎𝑙𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑟 𝑠𝑖 𝑒𝑥𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑛
𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑥→3 (⟦3𝑥 ⟧ + |3𝑥 2 − 1|)
𝑠𝑖 𝑥 < 3 𝑠𝑖 𝑥 > 3
3𝑥 < 9 3𝑥 > 9
⟦3𝑥 ⟧ = 8 ⟦3𝑥 ⟧ = 9
✓ 𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑥→3+ (9 + 3𝑥 2 − 1) = 𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑥→3+ (9 + 3 × 9 − 1) = 35
✓ 𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑥→3− (8 + 3𝑥 2 − 1) = 𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑥→3+ (8 + 3 × 9 − 1) = 34
∴ 𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑥→3 𝑓(𝑥 ) = ∄

11. Calcular si existen

𝑥
12 − ⟦3⟧
𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑥→1
6 ⟦3𝑥 ⟧ − 10
1 1
𝑠𝑖 𝑥 < 𝑠𝑖 𝑥 <
6 6
𝑥 1 1
< 18 3𝑥 < 2
3
 𝑥
⟦ ⟧=0 ⟦3𝑥 ⟧ = 0
3
12−0 6
✓ 𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑥→1− 0−10 = − 5
6
1 1
𝑠𝑖 𝑥 > 𝑠𝑖 𝑥 >
6 6
𝑥 1 1
> 18 3𝑥 > 2
3
𝑥
⟦ ⟧=0 ⟦3𝑥 ⟧ = 0
3
12−0 6
✓ 𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑥→1− 0−10 = − 5
6

6
∴ 𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑥→1 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = −
6 5

13. Calcular
⟦2𝑥 ⟧ + ⟦3𝑥 + 1⟧
𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑥→2−
⟦2𝑥 2 − 1⟧ + 2
✓ 𝑥<2 𝑥<2 𝑥<2
2𝑥 < 4 3𝑥 + 1 < 7 2𝑥 2 − 1 < 7
⟦2𝑥 ⟧ = 3 ⟦3𝑥 + 1⟧ = 6 ⟦2𝑥 2 − 1⟧ = 6
3+6 9
✓ 𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑥→2− 6+2 = 8

15. Calcular
𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑥→√2− [𝑥 2 − 𝑠𝑖𝑔(|𝑥 2 − 1| − 1)]

✓ 𝑥 < √2
𝑥2 < 2
𝑥2 − 1 < 1
|𝑥 2 − 1| < 1
|𝑥 2 − 1| − 1 < 0
𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑥→√2− [𝑥 2 − (−1)] = 3
17. Calcular si existe
𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑥→3 (⟦𝑥 ⟧ + ⟦4 − 𝑥 ⟧)
𝑠𝑖 𝑥 < 3 𝑠𝑖 𝑥 < 3
⟦𝑥 ⟧ = 2 4− 𝑥 >1
⟦4 − 𝑥 ⟧ = 1
✓ 𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑥→3− (2 + 1) = 3
𝑠𝑖 𝑥 > 3 𝑠𝑖 𝑥 > 3
⟦𝑥 ⟧ = 3 4− 𝑥 <1
⟦4 − 𝑥 ⟧ = 0
✓ 𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑥→3+ (3 + 0) = 3
∴ 𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑥→3 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = 3

19. Calcular si existe

⟦𝑥 − 1⟧ − 𝑥 ⟦𝑥 ⟧ − 1 − 𝑥
𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑥→−3 = 𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑥→−3
√𝑥 2 − ⟦𝑥 ⟧ √𝑥 2 − ⟦𝑥 ⟧
𝑠𝑖 𝑥 > −3 𝑠𝑖 𝑥 < −3
⟦𝑥 ⟧ = −3 ⟦𝑥 ⟧ = −4
−3−1−(−3) 1
✓ 𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑥→−3+ = −2
√(−3)2 −(−3) √3

−4−1−(−3) 2
✓ 𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑥→−3− =−
√(−3)2 −(−4) √13

∴ 𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑥→−3 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = ∄

21. 𝐶𝑎𝑙𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑟 𝑠𝑖 𝑒𝑥𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑒 𝑙𝑖𝑚 𝑥→−2 𝑓(𝑥 ), 𝑑𝑜𝑛𝑑𝑒

⟦𝑥 − 1⟧ − 𝑥
, −9 ≤ 𝑥 < −2
√𝑥 − ⟦𝑥 ⟧
𝑓 (𝑥 ) = 𝑥
⟦3𝑥 ⟧ − ⟦𝑥 ⟧ − 8 ⟦ ⟧
3 , −2 ≤ 𝑥 < 7
{ 𝑥 − |𝑥 |
−3, −3 ≤ 𝑥 < −2
⟦𝑥 ⟧ = {
−2, −2 ≤ 𝑥 < −1
7
−7, −≤ 𝑥 < −2
⟦3𝑥 ⟧ = { 3
5
−6, −2 ≤ 𝑥 < −
3
 𝑥 −1, −3 ≤ 𝑥 < 0
⟦ ⟧={
3 0,0 ≤ 𝑥 < 3
−6−(−2)−8(−1)
✓ 𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑥→−2+ =4
−2−(−2)
−3−1−(−2)
✓ 𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑥→−2− = −2
√−2−(−3)

∴ 𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑥→−2 𝑓(𝑥 ) = ∄

LIMITES AL INFINITO
𝑥 3 +2𝑥 2 +3𝑥+4
1. 𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑥→∞ 4𝑥 3 +3𝑥 2 +2𝑥+1
𝑥 3 + 2𝑥 2 + 3𝑥 + 4 2 3 4
3 1+ + 2+ 3 1
𝑥 𝑥 𝑥 𝑥
𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑥→∞ 3 = 𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑥→∞ =
4𝑥 + 3𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 + 1 3 2 1
4+ + 2+ 3 4
𝑥 3 𝑥 𝑥 𝑥

3𝑥 2 (2𝑥−1)(3𝑥 2 +𝑥+2)
3. 𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑥→∞ ( − )
2𝑥+1 4𝑥 2

12𝑥 4 − (4𝑥 2 − 1)(3𝑥 2 + 𝑥 + 2)

𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑥→∞ ( )
4𝑥 2 (2𝑥 + 1)
12𝑥 4 − (12𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 3 + 5𝑥 2 − 𝑥 − 2) −4𝑥 3 − 5𝑥 2 + 𝑥 + 2
𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑥→∞ ( ) = 𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑥→∞
4𝑥 2 (2𝑥 + 1) 4𝑥 2 (2𝑥 + 1)
−4𝑥 3 − 5𝑥 2 + 𝑥 + 2
𝑥3 −4 −4 1
𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑥→∞ = 𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑥→∞ = = −
4𝑥 2 (2𝑥 + 1) 1 8 2
3 4 (2 + 𝑥 )
𝑥
5. 𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑥→+∞ (√𝑥 2 + 𝑥 − √𝑥 2 + 9)
(√𝑥 2 + 𝑥 − √𝑥 2 + 9)(√𝑥 2 + 𝑥 + √𝑥 2 + 9)
𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑥→+∞
(√𝑥 2 + 𝑥 + √𝑥 2 + 9)
𝑥−9
𝑥−9 𝑥
𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑥→+∞ = 𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑥→+∞
2 2
(√𝑥 + 𝑥 + √𝑥 + 9) (√𝑥 + 𝑥 + √𝑥 2 + 9)
2

𝑥
9
1−𝑥 1
𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑥→+∞ =
2
√1 + 1 + √1 + 92
𝑥 𝑥
7. 𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑥→+∞ (√𝑥(𝑥 + 𝑎) − 𝑥)

(√𝑥(𝑥 + 𝑎) − 𝑥) (√𝑥(𝑥 + 𝑎) + 𝑥) 𝑥(𝑥 + 𝑎) − 𝑥 2 𝑎𝑥

𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑥→+∞ = 𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑥→+∞ = 𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑥→+∞
(√𝑥(𝑥 + 𝑎) + 𝑥) (√𝑥(𝑥 + 𝑎) + 𝑥) √𝑥(𝑥 + 𝑎) + 𝑥
𝑎𝑥
𝑥 𝑎 𝑎
𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑥→+∞ = 𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑥→+∞ =
√𝑥(𝑥 + 𝑎) + 𝑥 𝑎 2
√1 + + 1
𝑥 𝑥

3
9. 𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑥→+∞ (𝑥 + √1 − 𝑥 3 )
3 3 3 2
(𝑥 + √1 − 𝑥 3 ) (𝑥 2 − 𝑥 √1 − 𝑥 3 + √1 − 𝑥 3 )
𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑥→+∞ 2
3 3
(𝑥 2 − 𝑥 √1 − 𝑥 3 + √1 − 𝑥 3 )
1
1 𝑥2
𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑥→+∞ 2 = 𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑥→+∞ 2
3 3 3 3
(𝑥 2 − 𝑥 √1 − 𝑥 3 + √1 − 𝑥 3 ) 𝑥 2 − 𝑥 √1 − 𝑥 3 + √1 − 𝑥 3
𝑥2
1
𝑥2 0
𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑥→+∞ = =0
3 1 3 1 1
1− √ 3−1+ √ 3−1
𝑥 𝑥

√𝑥 2 +5𝑥−1−√𝑥 2 +3
11. 𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑥→+∞ 3
√𝑥 2 +3
2 − 1 √𝑥 2 + 3
√𝑥 2 + 5𝑥 − 1 √𝑥 2 + 3
− √𝑥 + 5𝑥 −
𝑥 𝑥 𝑥2 𝑥2
𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑥→+∞ 3 = 𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑥→+∞
√𝑥 2 + 3 3 𝑥2 + 3
√ 3
𝑥 𝑥

√1 + 5 − 12 − √1 + 32
𝑥 𝑥 𝑥
𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑥→+∞ = 1−1 = 0
√1 + 33
3

𝑥 𝑥

5 4
√𝑥 7 +3+ √2𝑥 3 −1
13. 𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑥→+∞ 6
√𝑥 8 +𝑥 7+1
 5 𝑥7 + 3 3
√ 7 + √2𝑥 28− 1
5 4 4
√𝑥 7 + 3 √2𝑥 3 − 1
7 + 7 𝑥 𝑥 ⁄5
𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑥→+∞ 𝑥 ⁄5 𝑥 ⁄5 = 𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑥→+∞
6
√𝑥 8 + 𝑥 7 + 1 6 𝑥8 + 𝑥7 + 1
7⁄ √
𝑥 5 42
𝑥 ⁄5

√1 + 37 + √ 13
2 1
5 4
− 28
𝑥 𝑥 ⁄5 𝑥 ⁄5 1
𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑥→+∞ = =∞
0
6 𝑥8 + 𝑥7 + 1
√ 42
𝑥 ⁄5

15. 𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑥→+∞ (√𝑥 + √𝑥 + √𝑥 − √𝑥)

(√𝑥 + √𝑥 + √𝑥 − √𝑥) (√𝑥 + √𝑥 + √𝑥 + √𝑥)

√𝑥 + √𝑥
𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑥→+∞ = 𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑥→+∞
(√𝑥 + √𝑥 + √𝑥 + √𝑥) √𝑥 + √𝑥 + √𝑥 + √𝑥

√𝑥 + √𝑥 √1 + √1
𝑥 1
√𝑥
𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑥→+∞ = 𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑥→+∞ =
2
√𝑥 + √𝑥 + √𝑥 + √𝑥
√1 + √1 + √ 1 + 1
√𝑥 𝑥 𝑥3

17. 𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑥→+∞ 𝑥 (√𝑥 2 + √𝑥 4 + 1 − 𝑥√2)

(√𝑥 2 + √𝑥 4 + 1 + 𝑥√2)
𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑥→+∞ 𝑥 (√𝑥 2 + √𝑥 4 + 1 − 𝑥√2) ×
(√𝑥 2 + √𝑥 4 + 1 + 𝑥√2)

𝑥(𝑥 2 + √𝑥 4 + 1 − 2𝑥 2 ) 𝑥(𝑥 2 + √𝑥 4 + 1 − 𝑥 2 ) (√𝑥 4 + 1 + 𝑥 2 )

𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑥→+∞ = 𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑥→+∞ ×
(√𝑥 2 + √𝑥 4 + 1 + 𝑥√2) (√𝑥 2 + √𝑥 4 + 1 + 𝑥√2) (√𝑥 4 + 1 + 𝑥 2 )

𝑥(𝑥 2 + √𝑥 4 + 1 − 2𝑥 2 ) 𝑥(𝑥 2 + √𝑥 4 + 1 − 𝑥 2 ) (√𝑥 4 + 1 + 𝑥 2 )

𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑥→+∞ = 𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑥→+∞ ×
(√𝑥 2 + √𝑥 4 + 1 + 𝑥√2) (√𝑥 2 + √𝑥 4 + 1 + 𝑥√2) (√𝑥 4 + 1 + 𝑥 2 )
 𝑥 (𝑥 4 + 1 − 𝑥 4 )
𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑥→+∞
(√𝑥 2 + √𝑥 4 + 1 + 𝑥√2) (√𝑥 4 + 1 + 𝑥 2 )
𝑥
𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑥→+∞ 𝑥2
√𝑥 2 + √𝑥 4 + 1 𝑥√2 √𝑥 4 + 1 𝑥 2
( + 𝑥 )( + 2)
𝑥 𝑥2 𝑥

1
𝑥 0
𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑥→+∞ = =0
(1 + √2)(1)
𝑥 2 √𝑥 4 1 𝑥4 1
(√ 2 + 4 + 4 + √2) (√ 4 + 4 + 1)
𝑥 𝑥 𝑥 𝑥 𝑥

3 5
√𝑥 4 +3− √𝑥 3 +4
19. 𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑥→+∞ 3
√𝑥 7 +1

3 𝑥4 + 3 3
√ 7 − √𝑥 35+ 4
3 5 5
√𝑥 4 + 3 √𝑥 3 + 4
7 − 7 𝑥 𝑥 ⁄3
𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑥→+∞ 𝑥 ⁄3 𝑥 ⁄3 = 𝑙𝑖𝑚
3 𝑥→+∞
√𝑥 7 + 1 3 𝑥7 + 1
7 √ 7
𝑥 ⁄3 𝑥

√ 13 + 37 − √ 26
1 4
3 5
+ 35
𝑥 𝑥 𝑥 ⁄3 𝑥 ⁄3 0
𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑥→+∞ =
1
√1 + 17
3

3
√𝑥 2 +1− √𝑥 2 +1
21. 𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑥→∞ 4 5
√𝑥 4 +1− √𝑥 4 +1
3
√𝑥 2 + 1 √𝑥 2 + 1 √ 𝑥 2 + 1 3√𝑥 2 + 1
− −
𝑥 𝑥 𝑥2 𝑥3
𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑥→∞ 4 5 = 𝑙𝑖𝑚 𝑥→∞
√𝑥 4 + 1 √𝑥 4 + 1 4 𝑥4 + 1 4
√ 4 − √𝑥 + 1
5
−
𝑥 𝑥 𝑥 𝑥5
 √1 + 12 − √1 + 13 1 − 0
3

𝑥 𝑥 𝑥
𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑥→∞ = =1
4 1 5 1 1 1−0
√1 + 4 − √ + 5
𝑥 𝑥 𝑥

LIMITES INFINITOS
𝑥+2
1. 𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑥→2+ 𝑥 2 −4
𝑥+2 1 1
𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑥→2+ = 𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑥→2+ = = +∞
(𝑥 − 2)(𝑥 + 2) 𝑥+2 0

1 1
3. 𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑥→5+ 𝑥−5 = 0 = +∞

2−4𝑥 3 2−4(0) 2
5. 𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑥→0+ 5𝑥 2 +3𝑥 3 = 5(0)+3(0) = 0 = +∞

|16−𝑥 2 |+1
7. 𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑥→4
(4−𝑥)√5−|𝑥−1|

✓ 𝑥>4 𝑥<4
𝑥 2 > 16 𝑥 2 < 16
16 − 𝑥 2 < 0 16 − 𝑥 2 > 0

16−𝑥 2 +1 17−𝑥 2 1
✓ 𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑥→4− ( = 𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑥→4− ( =( = +∞
4−𝑥)√6−𝑥 4−𝑥)(√6−𝑥) 0)(√2)

𝑥 2 −16+1 𝑥 2 −15 1
✓ 𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑥→4+ (4−𝑥) = 𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑥→4+ (4−𝑥)( = (0)( = −∞
√ 6−𝑥 6−𝑥)
√ √2)
LIMITES TRIGONOMETRICOS

𝑥
1−𝑆𝑒𝑛( )
2
1. 𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑥→𝜋 𝜋−𝑥

✓ 𝑥→ 𝜋
𝑥−𝜋 →0
𝑥 − 𝜋 = −( 𝜋 + 𝑥) = -u
𝑥 − 𝜋=u
𝑥 𝑢+ 𝜋
2
= 2
𝑢 𝜋 𝑢 𝜋 𝜋 𝑢
1 − 𝑆𝑒𝑛 (2 + 2) 1 − (𝑆𝑒𝑛 2 ∗ 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 + 𝑠𝑒𝑛 2 ∗ 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2)
𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑥→𝑢 = 𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑢→0
−𝑢 −𝑢
𝑢 𝑢 𝑢
1 − (0 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2) 1 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 1 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2
𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑢→𝑜 = 𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑢→𝑜 ∗ 𝑢
−𝑢 −𝑢 1 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2
𝑢 𝑢
1 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 1 𝑠𝑒𝑛2
𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑢→𝑜 2∗ 2
−𝑢 𝑢 = 𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑢→𝑜 𝑢
1 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 −𝑢(1 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2)
𝑢 𝑢
sen 2 sen 2
𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑢→𝑜 𝑢 ∗
∗ 2 −2
2
𝑢
1 sen 2
∗ 𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑢→𝑜 =½
2 −2

𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥−𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑥 1+𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥+𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝑥−cos2𝑥−𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑥∗𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥

3. 𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑥→0 ∗ 1+𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 = 𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑥→0
1−𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 𝑠𝑒𝑛2 𝑥

𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2𝑥 − (𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝑥 − 𝑠𝑒𝑛2 𝑥 ) − (𝑐𝑜𝑠 2𝑥 − 𝑠𝑒𝑛2 𝑥 )𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥

𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑥→0
𝑠𝑒𝑛2 𝑥
𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2𝑥 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝑥 + 𝑠𝑒𝑛2 𝑥 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 ∗ 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2𝑥 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 ∗ 𝑠𝑒𝑛2 𝑥
𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑥→0
𝑠𝑒𝑛2 𝑥
𝑠𝑒𝑛2 𝑥 (1 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 ) + 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥(1 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2𝑥 )
𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑥→0
𝑠𝑒𝑛2 𝑥
𝑠𝑒𝑛2 𝑥 (1 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 ) 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥(1 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝑥 )
𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑥→0 + 𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑥→0
𝑠𝑒𝑛2 𝑥 𝑠𝑒𝑛2 𝑥
𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 (1−𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝑥 ) 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 𝑠𝑒𝑛2 𝑥
2+ 𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑥→0 sen𝑥 * = 2 +𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑥→0 sen𝑥 ∗ =2+1=3
sen𝑥 sen𝑥
 𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥−𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥
5. 𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑥→𝜋
4 1−𝑡𝑔𝑥
𝜋
✓ 𝑥−
4
=y
𝜋
𝑥=𝑦+4
𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥−𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥−𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 (𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥−𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 )𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥
𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑥→𝜋 𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥 = 𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑥→𝜋 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥−𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥 = 𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑥→𝜋
4 1− 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 4 4 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥−𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥
𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥
𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥 ∗ 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 ∗ 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 −𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥(𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 − 𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥 )
𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑥→𝜋 = 𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑥→𝜋
4 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 − 𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥 4 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 − 𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥
𝜋
𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑦→0 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 = 𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑦→0 − cos (𝑦 + )
4
𝜋 𝜋 1 1
𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑦→0 − (𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑦 ∗ cos − 𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑦 ∗ 𝑠𝑒𝑛 ) = − (1 × ) = −
4 4 √2 √2

√𝑥2 +4−3𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥+1 √𝑥2 +4−2 2+1−3𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥

7. 𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑥→0 = 𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑥→0 1−𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 + 𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑥→0
1−𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 1−𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥

√𝑥2 +4−2 1+𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 √𝑥2 +4+2 𝑥2 1+𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 2

• 𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑥→0 1−𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 ∗ 1+𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 *√ = 𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑥→0 𝑠𝑒𝑛2𝑥 ∗ √ = 1* 4
𝑥2 +4+2 𝑥2 +4+2

3−3𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 1+𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 3(1−𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥) 1+𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥

• 𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑥→0 1−𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 ∗ 1+𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥=𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑥→0 ∗ 1+𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 = 3
1−𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥

√𝑥2 +4−3𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥+1 2 7
𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑥→0 1−𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥
= 4
+3= 2

𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥
9. 𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑥→𝜋 𝜋
2 2 −𝑥

𝜋
▪ 𝑥− =𝑦
2
𝜋
𝑥 =𝑦+
2
𝜋 𝜋 𝜋
cos (𝑦 + 2) cos 𝑦 ∗ 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 − 𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑦 ∗ 𝑠𝑒𝑛 2
𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑦→0 𝜋 𝜋 = 𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑦→0
− (𝑦 + −𝑦
2 2)
𝜋 𝜋
cos 𝑦∗𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑦∗𝑠𝑒𝑛
2 2
𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑦→0 -𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑦→0
−𝑦 −𝑦
 𝜋
−𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑦∗ 𝑠𝑒𝑛 2
0+ 𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑦→0 = 1* 1= 1
−𝑦

𝑠𝑒𝑛(𝑎𝑥)
𝑡𝑔(𝑎𝑥) cos(𝑎𝑥)
11. 𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑥→0 = 𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑥→0 1
[1−𝑐𝑜𝑠(𝑎𝑥)+𝑥 ]sec (𝑎𝑥) [1−𝑐𝑜𝑠 (𝑎𝑥)+𝑥 ] cos(𝑎𝑥)
𝑠𝑒𝑛(𝑎𝑥)
𝑠𝑒𝑛(𝑎𝑥) 𝑠𝑒𝑛(𝑎𝑥) 𝑠𝑒𝑛2 (𝑎𝑥)
𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑥→0 = 𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑥→0 1−𝑐𝑜𝑠2 (𝑎𝑥)
= 𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑥→0
[1−𝑐𝑜𝑠(𝑎𝑥)+𝑥 ] +𝑥 1+cos(𝑎𝑥)+𝑥
1+cos(𝑎𝑥)
1
sen(𝑎𝑥) 𝑎𝑥 1
𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑥→0 + 𝑎𝑠𝑒𝑛(𝑎𝑥) = 1 =𝑎
1+cos(𝑎𝑥) 0+𝑎

√1+𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥−√1−𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥 √1+𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥 +√1−𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥

13. 𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑥→0 * 1+𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥 + 1−𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥
𝑡𝑔𝑥 √ √
1+𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥−(1−𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥) 2𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥∗𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥
𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑥→0 𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥 =𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑥→0
∗√1+𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥 +√1−𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥 𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥∗√1+𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥 +√1−𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥
𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥
2𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 1
𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑥→0 * 𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑥→0 =2* =1
𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥 √1+𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥 +√1−𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥 2

𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥−cos(𝑠𝑒𝑛2𝑥)
15. 𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑥→0
𝑥2
Donde: 𝐴 + 𝐵 = 𝑥; 𝐴 − 𝐵 = 𝑠𝑒𝑛2𝑥 → 2A = x + sen2x
𝑥 𝑠𝑒𝑛2𝑥 𝑥 𝑠𝑒𝑛2𝑥
→ 𝐴 = 2 + 2 →B = 2 + 2
𝑥+𝑠𝑒𝑛2𝑥 𝑥+𝑠𝑒𝑛2𝑥
−2sen( )∗𝑠𝑒𝑛( )
2 2
L= 𝑙𝑖𝑚 𝑥→0 2
=
𝑥
𝑥+𝑠𝑒𝑛2𝑥 𝑥+𝑠𝑒𝑛2𝑥
−2sen( ) 𝑥+𝑠𝑒𝑛2𝑥 𝑠𝑒𝑛( )
2 2
L= −2𝑙𝑖𝑚 𝑥→0 𝑥+𝑠𝑒𝑛2𝑥 ∗ 𝑠𝑒𝑛 (
2
)* 𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑥→0 𝑥2
( )
2
𝑥−𝑠𝑒𝑛2𝑥
𝑥+𝑠𝑒𝑛2𝑥 𝑠𝑒𝑛( )
L= -2𝑙𝑖𝑚 𝑥→0 [sen ( 2
)] 𝑙𝑖𝑚
𝑥→0 𝑥2
2

𝑥−𝑠𝑒𝑛2𝑥
𝑥+𝑠𝑒𝑛2𝑥 𝑠𝑒𝑛( )
L= -2𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑥→0 ( 2
) 𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑥→0 2
x
𝑥−𝑠𝑒𝑛2𝑥
𝑠𝑒𝑛( ) 𝑥−𝑠𝑒𝑛2𝑥
L= 𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑥→0 (12 + 𝑠𝑒𝑛2𝑥
2
)] 𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑥→0 2
𝑥−𝑠𝑒𝑛2𝑥 ( 2𝑥 )
( )
2
𝑥−𝑠𝑒𝑛2𝑥
1 𝑠𝑒𝑛( ) 𝑥−𝑠𝑒𝑛2𝑥 1 𝑠𝑒𝑛2𝑥
2
L= -2 ( 2 + 1) 𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑥→0 𝑥−𝑠𝑒𝑛2𝑥 ( 2
)= 𝐿 = −3𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑥→0 (2 − 2𝑥
)
( )
2
1 3
𝐿 = −3 ( − 1) =
2 2
 1−4𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝑥
17. 𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑥→𝜋 𝜋
3 8𝑠𝑒𝑛(𝑥− 3 )
𝜋
Hacemos: x—3 = ℎ
𝜋
𝑥 =ℎ+
3
𝜋 𝜋 𝜋 2
1−4𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 (ℎ+ ) 1−4[cos(ℎ)cos( )−𝑠𝑒𝑛 (ℎ)𝑠𝑒𝑛( )]
3 3 3
𝐿 = 𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑥→0 ℎ→0 = 𝑙𝑖𝑚
8𝑠𝑒𝑛(ℎ) 8𝑠𝑒𝑛 (ℎ)
2
1−[cos(ℎ)−√3𝑠𝑒𝑛(ℎ)] 1−𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 (ℎ)+2√3𝑠𝑒𝑛(ℎ) cos(ℎ)−3𝑠𝑒𝑛2 (ℎ)
𝐿 = 𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑥→0 = 𝑙𝑖𝑚ℎ→0
8𝑠𝑒𝑛(ℎ) 8𝑠𝑒𝑛(ℎ)
2(
𝑠𝑒𝑛 ℎ) + 2√3𝑠𝑒𝑛(ℎ) cos(ℎ) − 3sen2(ℎ) 2√3 cos(ℎ) − 2𝑠𝑒𝑛(ℎ)
𝐿 = 𝑙𝑖𝑚ℎ→0 = 𝑙𝑖𝑚ℎ→0
8𝑠𝑒𝑛(ℎ) 8
2√3−0 √3
𝐿=
8
=
4

5𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥−3𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥+3
19. 𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑥→0
2𝑡𝑔𝑥+1−𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥
(1 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 )
5𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥 + 3(1 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 ) (
1 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 )
𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑥→0
𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥 (1 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 )
2 ( 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 ) + (1 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 ) (
1 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 )
2
3𝑠𝑒𝑛 𝑥 5𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥 (1 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 ) + 3𝑠𝑒𝑛2 𝑥
5𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥 +
𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑥→0 1 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 = 𝑙𝑖𝑚 1 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥
𝒙→𝟎
𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥 𝑠𝑒𝑛2 𝑥 2𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥 (1 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 ) + 𝑠𝑒𝑛2 𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥
2 ( 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 ) + 1 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 (1 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 )𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥
𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥 (5(1 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 ) + 3𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥 ) 5𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 + 5𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝑥 + 3𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥
𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑥→0 = 𝑙𝑖𝑚𝒙→𝟎
𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥 (2(1 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 ) + 𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 ) 2 + 2𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 + 𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥
𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥
5(1) + 5(1) + 0 5
=
2+2+0 2
𝑥
1−sen
2
21. 𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑥→𝜋 𝑥 𝑥 𝑥
𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 (𝑐𝑜𝑠4 −𝑠𝑒𝑛4)
𝑥 𝑥 𝑥 𝑥
[1−sen ][1+sen ][𝑐𝑜𝑠 +sen ]
2 2 4 4
𝐿 = 𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑥→𝜋 𝑥 𝑥 𝑥 𝑥 𝑥 𝑥
𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 (1+𝑠𝑒𝑛4 )[𝑐𝑜𝑠4−sen4][𝑐𝑜𝑠4+sen4]
𝑥 𝑥 𝑥 𝑥 𝜋 𝑥
[1−sen ][𝑐𝑜𝑠 +sen ] [𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 ][𝑐𝑜𝑠 +sen ]
2 4 4 4 2 4
𝐿 = 𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑥→𝜋 𝑥 𝑥 𝑥 𝑥 = 𝑙𝑖𝑚 𝑥→𝜋 𝑥 𝑥 2𝑥
𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 (1+𝑠𝑒𝑛4 )[𝑐𝑜𝑠 4−𝑠𝑒𝑛2 4 ]
2 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2∗1+𝑠𝑒𝑛 2∗cos 4
𝑥 𝑥 𝜋 𝜋 √2 √2
[𝑐𝑜𝑠 +sen ] [𝑐𝑜𝑠 +sen ] + 2
𝐿 = 𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑥→𝜋 4
𝑥
4
= 𝑙𝑖𝑚 4
𝑥→𝜋 1+𝑠𝑒𝑛𝜋
4
= 2 2
=√2
1+𝑠𝑒𝑛2 1+1
2
LIMITES EXPONENCIALES
𝑥 2 +2 𝑥 2 +2
𝑥 3 +2𝑥+3 𝑥 3 +2𝑥+3
1. lim ( ) = lim (1 + − 1)
𝑥→∞ 𝑥 3 +4 𝑥→∞ 𝑥 3 +4
2
2𝑥+7 𝑥 +2
𝑥3 +4 3
𝑥 +4 2𝑥+7
2𝑥+7 2x+7 lim (𝑥 2 +2)
lim (1 + 𝑥 3 +4) = 𝑒 𝑥→∞ 𝑥3 +4
𝑥→∞
2𝑥3 +4𝑥+7𝑥2 +14
lim 𝑥3
2𝑥3 +4𝑥+7𝑥2 +14 𝑥→∞ 𝑥3 +4
lim
𝑒 𝑥→∞ 𝑥3 +4 =𝑒 𝑥3 = 𝑒2

𝑥2 𝑥2
𝑥 2 +1 𝑥 2 +1
3. lim ( ) = lim (1 + 𝑥 2 −2 − 1)
𝑥→∞ 𝑥 2 −2 𝑥→∞
3 𝑥2
𝑥2 −2 𝑥2 −2
3 𝑥2 3 3
lim (1 + ) = lim (((1 + ) ) )
𝑥→∞ 𝑥 2 −2 𝑥→∞ 𝑥 2 −2

3𝑥2
2
3𝑥2 lim 𝑥
lim
3
∗𝑥 2 lim 𝑥→∞ 𝑥2 −2
𝑒 𝑥→∞𝑥2 −2 =𝑒 𝑥→∞ 2 −2
𝑥 =𝑒 𝑥2 = 𝑒3

1
1
√3 𝑠𝑒𝑛√3𝑥
5. lim ( √1 + 𝑠𝑒𝑛√3𝑥) = lim(1 + sen√3𝑥) √3∗𝑠𝑒𝑛√3𝑥
𝑥→0 𝑥→0
1
1 𝑠𝑒𝑛√3𝑥 √3∗𝑠𝑒𝑛√3𝑥

lim ((1 + sen√3𝑥) 𝑠𝑒𝑛√3𝑥

)
𝑥→0
1 1
lim 𝑠𝑒𝑛√3𝑥∗
𝑒 𝑥→0 √3𝑠𝑒𝑛√3𝑥 = 𝑒 √3
𝑐𝑡𝑔𝑥 𝑐𝑡𝑔𝑥
(𝑒 𝑥 +𝑥)𝑡𝑔𝑥 𝑥 [(𝑒 𝑥 +𝑥)𝑡𝑔𝑥 ] 𝑥
7. lim ( ) = lim 𝑐𝑡𝑔𝑥
𝑥→0 (1+𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥)𝑥 𝑥→0 [(1+𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥)𝑥 ] 𝑥
 1
𝑥 𝑥
𝑒 𝑥 𝑒 𝑥
𝑥
1 ((1+ 𝑥 ) 𝑥 )
𝑒
𝑥
𝑒 𝑥 (1+𝑒𝑥 )𝑥
[ ]
lim 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 = 𝑒 lim 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥
𝑥→0 (1+𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥)𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥 𝑥→0 1 𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥 𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥
[((1+𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥)𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥 ) ]
𝑥 1
lim ∗
𝑒 𝑥→0𝑒𝑥 𝑥 𝑒
𝑒 lim lim 𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥∗
𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 =𝑒∗𝑒 =𝑒
𝑥→0 𝑒 𝑥→0 𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥

𝐿𝑛(𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑎𝑥)
𝐿𝑛 (𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑎𝑥) 𝑎2 ∗
𝑎𝑥2
9. lim ( = lim𝐿𝑛(𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑎𝑥)
𝑥→0 𝐿𝑛 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑏𝑥 ) 𝑥→0 𝑏2 ∗
𝑏𝑥2
𝐿𝑛(𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑎𝑥) 1
𝑎2 𝑎2 −2 𝑎 2
𝑎𝑥2
2
lim 𝐿𝑛(𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑎𝑥) 2
= 1 ∗ =( )
𝑏 𝑥→0 𝑏 − 𝑏
𝑏𝑥2 2

1 1
𝑎𝑥 +𝑏𝑥 +𝑐 𝑥 𝑥 𝑎𝑥 +𝑏𝑥 +𝑐 𝑥 𝑥
15. lim ( ) = lim (1 + − 1)
𝑥→0 3 𝑥→0 3
1
𝑎𝑥 +𝑏𝑥+𝑐𝑥−3 𝑥
1 3 3
𝑎𝑥 +𝑏𝑥 +𝑐 𝑥 −3 𝑥 𝑎𝑥 +𝑏𝑥 +𝑐𝑥 −3 𝑎𝑥+𝑏𝑥+𝑐𝑥−3
lim (1 + ) = lim [((1 + ) ) ]
𝑥→0 3 𝑥→0 3

𝑎𝑥 +𝑏𝑥 +𝑐𝑥 −3
lim
𝑒 𝑥→0 3𝑥
𝑎𝑥 −1 𝑏𝑥 −1 𝑐𝑥 −1
lim 𝑒 3𝑥 lim 𝑒 3𝑥 lim 𝑒 3𝑥
𝑥→0 𝑥→0 𝑥→0
𝑚 = 𝑎𝑥 − 1; 𝑛 = 𝑏𝑥 − 1; 𝑟 = 𝑐𝑥 − 1
𝑎𝑥 = 𝑚 + 1; 𝑏 𝑥 = 𝑛 + 1; 𝑐 𝑥 = 𝑟 + 1
𝐿𝑛(𝑚+1) 𝐿𝑛(𝑛+1) 𝐿𝑛(𝑟+1)
𝑥 = 𝐿𝑛𝑎 ; 𝑥 = 𝐿𝑛𝑏 ; 𝑥 = 𝐿𝑛𝑐
𝑚𝐿𝑛𝑎 𝑛𝐿𝑛𝑏 𝑟𝐿𝑛𝑐
𝐿 = lim 𝑒 3𝐿𝑛(𝑚+1) lim 𝑒 3𝐿𝑛(𝑛+1) lim 𝑒 3𝐿𝑛(𝑟+1)
𝑚→0 𝑚→0 𝑚→0
𝐿𝑛𝑏 𝐿𝑛𝑐
𝐿𝑛𝑎 1 1
𝐿 = lim 𝑒 3𝐿𝑛(𝑚+1) lim 𝑒 3𝐿𝑛(𝑛+1)𝑛 lim 𝑒 3𝐿𝑛(𝑟+1)𝑟
𝑚→0 𝑚→0 𝑚→0
𝐿𝑛𝑎 𝐿𝑛𝑏 𝐿𝑛𝑐
𝐿 =𝑒 3𝐿𝑛𝑒 lim 𝑒 3𝐿𝑛𝑒 lim 𝑒 3𝐿𝑛𝑒
𝑚→0 𝑚→0
1 1 1
√3
𝐿𝑛 𝑎3 𝐿𝑛 𝑏3
𝐿=𝑒 𝑒 𝑒 𝐿𝑛 𝑐 3 = √𝑎𝑏𝑐
1 1 1
𝑥 𝑥−2 𝑥 𝑥−2 𝑥−2 𝑥−2
19. lim ( ) = lim (1 + 2 − 1) = lim (1 + )
𝑥→0 2 𝑥→0 𝑥→0 2
 1
𝑥−2 𝑥−2
1 2 2
𝑥 − 2 𝑥−2 𝑥 − 2 𝑥−2
lim (1 + ) = lim ((1 + ) )
𝑥→0 2 𝑥→0 2
[ ]
𝑥−2 1 1
lim ∗
𝑒 𝑥→2 2 𝑥−2 = 𝑒2

CONTINUIDAD DE FUNCIONES

𝒙𝟑 −𝟏
1. f(x)= ( 𝒙−𝟏 , 𝒙 ≠ 𝟎)
𝟖 ,𝒙 = 𝟏

1) 𝒇(𝟏) = 𝟖
𝒙𝟑 −𝟏 (𝒙−𝟏)(𝒙𝟐 +𝒙+𝟏𝟐 )
2) lim = lim (𝒙−𝟏)
= lim 𝒙𝟐 + 𝒙 + 𝟏𝟐 =1+1+1 = 3
𝑥→1 𝒙−𝟏 𝑥→1 𝑥→1
3) lim 𝒇(𝒙) ≠ 𝒇(𝟏) → f no es continua
𝑥→1

𝟑𝒙𝟑 +𝟐𝒙−𝟔𝒙+𝟏
3. f(x)= ( )
𝒙𝟐 −𝒙

dominio: 𝒙𝟐 − 𝒙 = 𝟎 → 𝑥(𝑥 − 1) = 0 → 𝑥 = 0, 𝑥 = 1
𝑅
D = {𝑥 ∈ 𝑥 ≠ 0, 𝑥 ≠ 1}

𝟑𝒙𝟑 +𝟐𝒙−𝟔𝒙+𝟏 (𝑥−1)(3𝑥2 +5𝑥−1)

▪ lim ( ) = lim
𝑥→1 𝒙𝟐 −𝒙 𝑥→1 (𝑥−1)𝑥
2
lim 3𝑥 + 5𝑥 − 1 = 3 + 5 − 1 = 7
𝑥→1

𝟑𝒙𝟑 +𝟐𝒙−𝟔𝒙+𝟏
▪ lim ( )= ∞
𝑥→0 𝒙𝟐 −𝒙

La función es discontinua en x = 0

𝟑𝒙𝟑 +𝟐𝒙−𝟔𝒙+𝟏
5. f(x)= ( 𝒙𝟐 −𝒙 , 𝒙 ≠ 𝟎)
𝟑, 𝒙 = 𝟎
1. 𝒇(𝟎) = 𝟑
𝟑𝒙𝟑 −𝟕𝒙+𝟐 (𝟑𝒙𝟐 −𝟕𝒙+𝟐) (𝒙+𝟐)(𝟑𝒙−𝟏)
2. lim ( ) = lim = lim = -1
𝑥→0+ 𝒙−𝟐 𝑥→1 (𝒙−𝟐) 𝑥→1 (𝒙−𝟐)
 𝟑𝒙𝟑 −𝟕𝒙+𝟐
▪ lim ( 𝒙−𝟐 ) = −1
𝑥→0−
3. lim 𝒇(𝒙) ≠ 𝒇(𝟎)
𝑥→1
→ f no es continua

[[𝟏−𝒙]]+[[𝒙−𝟏]]
, 0 < 𝑥 < 2, 𝑥 ≠ 1
7. f(x)= ( 𝟐√|𝒙|−[[𝒙]] )
2𝑥 − 5, 𝑥 > 2

En x=2
𝑥<2
▪ −𝑥 < −2
1 − 𝑥 < −1
[[1 − 𝑥]] = −1

▪ 𝑥<2
𝑥−1<1
[[𝑥 − 1]] = 0

▪ x<2
[[𝑥]] = 1

▪ lim 𝟐𝒙 − 𝟓 = −1
𝑥→2+

[[1−𝑥]]+[[𝑥−1]] −1+0
▪ lim ( ) = lim
𝑥→2− 2√|𝑥|−[[𝑥]]
𝑥→2− 2√−2−1

f(x) no es continua en x=2

1
𝑠𝑖𝑔 (𝑥 2 − 4) , 𝑥 ≤ −1
𝑥3
9. f(x)= , |𝑥 | < 1
𝑥 2 −9
1
− + √𝑥 2 −
2𝑥 + 1, 𝑥 ≥ 1
( 8 )
2 1 1
▪ 𝑥 − =0→𝑥=±
4 2
 1 1
1, 𝑥 ∈< −∞, − 2 > 𝑢 < 2 , +∞ >
1 1
▪ 𝑠𝑖𝑔 (𝑥 2 − 4) = 0, 𝑥 = ± 2
1 1
−1, 𝑥 ∈< − 2 , 2 >
{ }
1 , 𝑥 ≤ −1
𝑥3
f(x)= ( , 𝑥 > −1, 𝑥 < 1 )
𝑥 2 −9
1
− 8 + √𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 + 1, 𝑥 ≥ 1
𝑬𝒏 𝒙 = 𝟏
1 1
1. 𝑓(1) = − 8+√𝑥2 − 2𝑥 + 1 = − 8
𝑥3 1
2.∗ lim f(x) = ∗ lim ( )=−
𝑥→0 𝑥→1− 𝑥2 −9 8

1 1
lim+ − + √𝑥2 − 2𝑥 + 1 = −
𝑥→1 8 8
3. lim f(x) = 𝑓(1) → 𝑓(𝑥)𝑒𝑠 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑢𝑎 𝑒𝑛 𝑥 = 1
𝑥→0+

𝑬𝒏 𝒙 = −𝟏
1. 𝑓(−1) = −1
𝑥3 1
2. lim f(x) →∗ lim (𝑥2−9) = − 8
𝑥→0 𝑥→−1+
lim −1 = − 1
𝑥→−1−
3. lim f(x) = 𝑓 (−1) → 𝑓 (𝑥 )𝑛𝑜 𝑒𝑠 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑢𝑎 𝑒𝑛 𝑥 = −1
𝑥→−1

1+𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜋𝑥
𝑥 2 −2𝑥+1
,𝑥 ≠ 1
11. f(x)= ( 𝜋2 )
2
,𝑥 = 1
𝜋2
1) 𝑓(1) = 2
1+𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜋𝑥 −𝜋∗𝑠𝑒𝑛𝜋𝑥 1
2) ∗ lim+ = = −𝜋 lim 𝑠𝑒𝑛𝜋 ∗
𝑥→1 𝑥2 −2𝑥+1 2𝑥−2 𝑥→1+ 2𝑥−2
𝜋𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜋𝑥 𝜋2
−𝜋 lim =
𝑥→1+ 2 2
1+𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜋𝑥 𝜋2
lim =2
𝑥→1− 𝑥2 −2𝑥+1
3) ∗ lim f(x) = f(1) → 𝑓(𝑥)𝑒𝑠 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑢𝑎 𝑒𝑛 𝑥 = 1
𝑥→1
 𝑥 + 2𝐴, 𝑥 < −2
13. f(x)= (3𝐴𝑥 + 𝐵, −2 ≤ 𝑥 < 1)
3𝑋 − 2𝐵, 𝑋 ≥ 1
𝑬𝒏 𝐱 = 𝟏
1. f(1) = 3X-2B
2. lim f(x) →∗ lim+ 3x − 2B = 3 − 2B
𝑥→1 𝑥→1
▪ lim− 3Ax + B = 3A + B
𝑥→1
▪ 𝑖𝑔𝑢𝑎𝑙𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑜: 3 − 2𝐵 = 3𝐴 + 𝐵
3 = 3𝐴 + 3𝐵
1=𝐴+𝐵
𝑬𝒏 𝐱 = −𝟐
1. f(-2) = 3AX+B
2. lim f(x) →∗ lim + 3Ax + B = −6ª + B
𝑥→1 𝑥→−2
▪ lim − X + 2A = −2 + 2A
𝑥→−2
▪ 𝑖𝑔𝑢𝑎𝑙𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑜: − 6𝐴 + 𝐵 = −2 + 2𝐴
2 = 8𝐴 − 𝐵
1=𝐴+𝐵
2 = 8𝐴 − 𝐵
A= 1/3 ; B= 2/3

3
3− √3𝑥+3
3 ,𝑥 < 8
𝐴( √𝑥−2)
15. f(x)= 𝐴𝐵, 𝑥 = 8
2
|2𝑥−7|𝐵
,𝑥 > 8
( )
𝑬𝒏 𝐱 = 𝟖
1. f(8) = AB
3
3− √3𝑥+3
2. lim f(x) →∗ 𝐥𝐢𝐦+ 3 → 𝑟𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑎𝑙𝑖𝑧𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑜
𝑥→1 𝒙→−𝟐 𝐴( √𝑥−2)
1 27−(3𝑥+3) 1
▪ lim− 3 ∗ 3 3
𝐴 𝑥→8 ( √𝑥−2) (32 +3 √3𝑥+3+ √(3𝑥+3)2
3
1 −3𝑥+24 ( √𝑥2 +2 3√𝑥+4)
▪ lim ∗ 3 3
𝐴 𝑥→8− ( 3√𝑥−2) (32 +3 √3𝑥+3+ √(3𝑥+3)2
3
( √𝑥 2 +2 3√𝑥+4)
lim− −3(𝑥−8
1 𝑥−8
( )
▪ 𝐴 𝑥→8 )
∗ 3 3
(32 +3 √3𝑥+3+ √(3𝑥+3)2
1 −3(12) 4
▪ . = −
𝐴 27 𝐴
2 2 2
▪ 𝐥𝐢𝐦+ |2𝑥−7|𝐵 = lim+ (2𝑥−7)𝐵
= 9𝐵
𝒙→𝟖 𝑥→8
 ▪ 𝑖𝑔𝑢𝑎𝑙𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑜
2 −4
= 𝐴𝐵 =
9𝐵 3𝐴
2 2 −4
= 𝐴𝐵 ; 9𝐵 = 3𝐴
9𝐵

2 = 9𝐴𝐵2 ; 6𝐴 = −36𝐵
2 = 9(−6𝐵) ∗ 𝐵2 𝐴 = −6𝐵
2
− = 𝐵3
54
1 −1
𝐵3 = − 3 𝐴 = −6 =2
3

𝐴
, 𝑥 ≤ −2
𝑥
17. f(x)= (𝐴𝑥 2 + 𝐵𝑥, −2 < 𝑥 < 3)
𝐶𝑥 + 6, 𝑋 ≥ 3
𝑬𝒗𝒂𝒍𝒖𝒂𝒏𝒅𝒐 𝒆𝒏 𝒙 = −𝟐
𝐴
1. 𝑓(−2) =
𝑥
2. lim f(x) →∗ lim + 𝐴𝑥 2 + 𝐵𝑥 = 4𝐴 − 2𝐵
𝑥→0 𝑥→−2
𝐴 𝐴
▪ lim − 𝑥 = − 2
𝑥→−2
𝐴
𝐼𝑔𝑢𝑎𝑙𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑜: 4𝐴 − 2𝐵 = − 2
9𝐴 − 4𝐵 = 0
𝑬𝒗𝒂𝒍𝒖𝒂𝒏𝒅𝒐 𝒆𝒏 𝒙 = 𝟑
𝐴
1. 𝑓(−2) = 𝑥
2. lim f(x) →∗ lim+ 𝐶𝑥 + 6 = 3𝐶 + 6 = 𝑐 + 3
𝑥→0 𝑥→3
▪ lim− 𝐴𝑥2 + 𝐵𝑥 = 9𝐴 + 3𝐵 = 3𝐴 + 𝐵
𝑥→3
𝐴
𝐼𝑔𝑢𝑎𝑙𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑜: 4𝐴 − 2𝐵 = − 2
9𝐴 − 4𝐵 = 0
DERIVADAS

𝑥 5 +𝑥 4 −2𝑥 2
1. 𝒇(𝒙) = 4
4(𝑥 5 +𝑥 4 −2𝑥 2 )′−(𝑥 5 +𝑥 4 −2𝑥 2 )(4)′
𝑓 (𝑥 = )′
( 4) 2
4(5𝑥 +4𝑥 −4𝑥)′−(𝑥 5 +𝑥 4 −2𝑥 2 )(0)
4 3
𝑓 (𝑥)′ = ( 4) 2
5𝑥 4
𝑓 (𝑥)′ = 4 + 𝑥 3 − 𝑥

(𝑥+1)3
3. 𝒇(𝒙) = 𝑥2
′ ′
𝑥 2 ((𝑥+1)3) −(𝑥+1)(𝑥 2 )
𝑓 (𝑥 )′ = (𝑥 2 )2
′ ′
𝑥 ((𝑥+1) ) −(𝑥+1)3 (𝑥 2 )
2 3
𝑓 (𝑥 )′ = ( 𝑥 2 )2
𝑥 2 (3(𝑥+1)2 )−(𝑥+1)2𝑥
𝑓 (𝑥 )′ = 𝑥4
𝑥(𝑥∗3(𝑥+1)2 −(𝑥+1)3 ∗2)
𝑓 (𝑥 )′ = 𝑥4
3𝑥(𝑥+1)2 −(𝑥+1)3∗2)
𝑓 (𝑥 )′ = 𝑥3
3𝑥(𝑥 2 +2𝑥+1)−2(𝑥+1)3
𝑓 (𝑥 )′ = 𝑥3
3𝑥 3 +6𝑥 2 +3𝑥−2(𝑥+1)3
𝑓 (𝑥 )′ = 𝑥3
6𝑥 2 3𝑥 2(𝑥+1)3
𝑓 (𝑥 )′ = 3 + + 𝑥3 −
𝑥3 𝑥3

𝑥2
5. 𝒇(𝒙) = 1+𝑥2
(1+𝑥 2 )∗2𝑥−𝑥 2 ∗(2𝑥)
𝒇 (𝒙 )′ = (1+𝑥 2 )2
2𝑥
𝒇 (𝒙 )′ =
1+𝑥 2

7. 𝒇(𝒙) = √2𝑥 (𝑥 2 + 1)
𝒇(𝒙) = √2𝑥 ∗ 𝑥 2 + √2𝑥
′ 2
𝒇(𝒙)′ = (√2𝑥 ) ∗ 𝑥 2 + √2𝑥 ∗ (𝑥 2 )′ + 2√2𝑥
2 2
𝒇 (𝒙 )′ = 2 ∗ 𝑥 2 + √2𝑥 ∗ 2𝑥 + 2
√2𝑥 √2𝑥
𝑥2 1
𝒇 (𝒙 )′ = + 2𝑥√2𝑥 +
√2𝑥 √2𝑥
𝑥+√2𝑥 1
𝒇 (𝒙 )′ = + 2𝑥√2𝑥 +
2 √2𝑥
5𝑥√2𝑥 1 5𝑥 2 +1
𝒇 (𝒙 )′ = + =
2 √2𝑥 √2𝑥
 (𝑥+4)2
9. 𝒇(𝒙) = 𝑥+3
′
(𝑥+3)[(𝑥+4)2 ] −[(𝑥+4)2](𝑥+3)′
𝒇 (𝒙 )′ = (𝑥+3)2
(𝑥+3)[2(𝑥+4)]−[(𝑥+4)2 ]1
𝒇 (𝒙 )′ = (𝑥+3)2
2𝑥 2 +6𝑥+8𝑥+24−(𝑥 2 +8𝑥+16)
𝒇 (𝒙 )′ = (𝑥+3)2
𝑥 2 +6𝑥+8
𝒇 (𝒙 )′ = (𝑥+3)2

DERIVADA DE UNA FUNCION COMPUESTA

1 1
1. 𝒇(𝒙) = (𝑥+𝑎)𝑚 ∗ (𝑥+𝑏)𝑛
𝑓 (𝑥 )′ = (𝑥 + 𝑎)−𝑚 ∗ (𝑥 + 𝑏)−𝑛
𝑓 (𝑥 )′ = −𝑚(𝑥 + 𝑎)−𝑚−1 ∗ (𝑥 + 𝑏)−𝑛 + (𝑥 + 𝑎)−𝑚 ∗ −𝑛(𝑥 + 𝑏)−𝑛−1
𝑚(𝑥+𝑏)+𝑛(𝑥+𝑎)
𝑓 (𝑥 )′ = − (𝑥+𝑎)𝑚+1 +(𝑥+𝑏)𝑛+1

3. 𝒚 = (𝑥 + 𝑎)𝑚 ∗ (𝑥 + 𝑎)𝑛
𝑦 ′ = 𝑚(𝑥 + 𝑎)𝑚−1 ∗ (𝑥 + 𝑎)𝑛 + (𝑥 + 𝑎)𝑚 ∗ 𝑛(𝑥 + 𝑎)𝑛−1
𝑦 ′ = 𝑚(𝑥 + 𝑎)𝑚−1 (𝑥 + 𝑏)𝑛−1 [𝑚(𝑥 + 𝑏) + 𝑛(𝑥 + 𝑎)]

𝟑
𝟏+𝒙 𝟑
5. 𝒚 = √𝟏−𝒙𝟑
1
′ 1+𝑥 3 3
𝑦 =( )
1−𝑥 3
2
−3 ′
1 1+𝑥 3 1+𝑥 3
𝑦 ′ = 3 (1−𝑥 3 ) ∗ (1−𝑥 3 )
2
−3 ′
′ 1 1+𝑥 3 (1−𝑥 3 )(3𝑥 2 )−(1+𝑥 3 )(−3𝑥 2
𝑦 = 3 (1−𝑥 3 ) ∗ ( (1−𝑥 3 )2
)
2
−3 ′
′ 1 1+𝑥 3 3𝑥 3 −3𝑥 5 +3𝑥 3 +3𝑥 5
𝑦 = 3 (1−𝑥 3 ) ∗( (1−𝑥 3 )2
)
2
−3
1 1+𝑥 3 6𝑥 2
𝑦 ′ = 3 (1−𝑥 3 ) ∗ (1−𝑥 3 )2
2
−3
1+𝑥 3 2𝑥 2
𝑦 ′ = (1−𝑥 3 ) ∗ (1−𝑥 3 )2
 1 𝑎
7. 𝒚 = 𝑚 𝑎𝑟𝑐𝑐𝑡𝑔(𝒆𝒎𝒙 √𝑏)
√𝑎𝑏
𝑎
(𝒆𝒎𝒙 √𝑏)′
1
𝑦′ = 𝑚 2
√𝑎𝑏 𝑎
1+(𝒆𝒎𝒙 √𝑏)

𝑎
(𝒆𝒎𝒙 √𝑏)′
1
𝑦′ = 𝑚 2
√𝑎𝑏 𝑎
1+(𝒆𝒎𝒙 √𝑏)

𝑎
𝑚𝑒 𝑚𝑥 √𝑏
1
𝑦′ = 𝑚 𝑎
√𝑎𝑏 1+𝑒 2𝑚𝑥 𝑏
𝑎
𝑒 𝑚𝑥 √
𝑏 𝑒 𝑚𝑥
𝑦′ = 𝑎 = 𝑏+𝑎𝑒 2𝑚𝑥
𝑏[1+𝑒 2𝑚𝑥 ]
𝑏
𝐷𝑖𝑣𝑖𝑑𝑖𝑚𝑜𝑠 𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑒 𝑒 𝑚𝑥
1
𝑦 ′ = −𝑚𝑥+𝑏𝑒2𝑚𝑥
𝑎𝑒

𝑥
9. 𝒚 = 𝐿𝑛 (𝑡𝑔 2) − 𝑐𝑡𝑔𝑥 ∗ 𝐿𝑛(1 + 𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥 ) − 𝑥
𝑥
(𝑡𝑔2)′ 𝑐𝑡𝑔𝑥∗[1+𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥 ]′
′
𝒚 = 𝑥 − 𝑐𝑠𝑐 2 𝑥 ∗ 𝐿𝑛(1 + 𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥) − −1
(𝑡𝑔2) 1+𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥
𝑥 𝑥′
𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 2∗ 2 𝐿𝑛 (1+𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥) 𝑐𝑡𝑔𝑥∗𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥
′
𝒚 = 𝑥 + − −1
(𝑡𝑔2 ) 𝑠𝑒𝑛2 𝑥 1+𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥
1 ln(1+𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥) 𝑐𝑡𝑔𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥
𝒚′ = 𝑥 𝑥 + − −1
(2𝑡𝑔2)𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 2 𝑠𝑒𝑛2 𝑥 1+𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥
1 ln(1+𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥) 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝑥
𝒚′ = 𝑥 2𝑥
+ 𝑠𝑒𝑛2 𝑥
− 𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥 [1+𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥] − 1
(2𝑡𝑔2)𝑐𝑜𝑠 2
1 ln(1+𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥) 1−𝑠𝑒𝑛2 𝑥
𝒚′ = 𝑥 𝑥 + − −1
2𝑠𝑒𝑛2 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 2 𝑠𝑒𝑛2 𝑥 𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥 [1+𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥]
1 ln(1+𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥) 1−𝑠𝑒𝑛2 𝑥
𝒚′ = 𝑥 𝑥+ − 𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥 [1+𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥] − 1
2𝑠𝑒𝑛2 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝑠𝑒𝑛2 𝑥
ln(1+𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥 ) 𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥
𝒚′ = + 𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥 − 1
𝑠𝑒𝑛2 𝑥
ln (1+𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥)
𝒚′ = 𝑠𝑒𝑛2 𝑥
 2𝑙𝑛2(𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥)+3
11. 𝒚 = 𝐿𝑛 (2𝑙𝑛2(𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥)−3)
𝑦 ′ = 𝐿𝑛[2𝑙𝑛2 (𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥 ) + 3] − 𝐿𝑛[2𝑙𝑛2 (𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥 ) − 3]
′
[2𝑙𝑛2 (𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥)+3]′ [2𝑙𝑛2 (𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥)−3]
𝑦′ = [2𝑙𝑛2(𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥)+3]
−
[2𝑙𝑛2 (𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥)−3]
[4𝑙𝑛(𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥)+𝑙𝑛(𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥)′] [4𝑙𝑛(𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥)𝑙𝑛(𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥)′]
𝑦′ = [2𝑙𝑛2 (𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥)+3]
− [ 2(
2𝑙𝑛 𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥)−3]
𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟𝑖𝑧𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑜: 4𝑙𝑛(𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥 ) + (𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥 )
[4𝑙𝑛(𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥)+(𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥)′] 1 1
𝑦′ = ([2𝑙𝑛2(𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥)+3] − [2𝑙𝑛2(𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥)−3])
𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥
[4𝑙𝑛(𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥)𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥] 2𝑙𝑛2 (𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥)+3−2𝑙𝑛2 (𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥)−3
𝑦′ = ([2𝑙𝑛2(𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥)+3]2𝑙𝑛2 (𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥)−3)
𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥
−6
𝑦′ = 4𝑙𝑛(𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥 ) ∗ 𝑐𝑡𝑔𝑥(4𝑙𝑛4(𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥)−9)
−24𝑐𝑡𝑔𝑥∗ln (𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥)
𝑦′ = ( )
4𝑙𝑛4 (𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥)−9

13. 𝒚 = 𝑠𝑒𝑛3 (𝑠𝑒𝑛2 (𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥 ))

𝑢 = 𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥 → 𝑢′ = 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 … (1)
′
𝑣 = 𝑠𝑒𝑛2 (𝑢) → 𝑣′ = 2𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑢 ∗ 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑢 = 𝑠𝑒𝑛2𝑢….(2)1
𝑦 ′ = 3𝑠𝑒𝑛2 (𝑣) ∗ cos(𝑣)
𝑦 ′ = 3𝑠𝑒𝑛2 [𝑠𝑒𝑛2 (𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥)] cos[𝑠𝑒𝑛2 (𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥)] 𝑠𝑒𝑛[2𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥] ∗ 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥

(𝑥+1)3(𝑥−2)
15. 𝒚 = 𝐿𝑛 ( 𝑥−3 )
𝒚′ = 𝐿𝑛(𝑥 + 1)3 (𝑥 − 2) − 𝐿𝑛(𝑥 − 3)
𝒚′ = 𝐿𝑛(𝑥 + 1)3 (𝑥 − 2) − 𝐿𝑛(𝑥 − 3)
(𝑥+1)′ (𝑥−2)′ (𝑥−3)′
𝒚′ = 𝟑 ∗ (𝑥−1)
+ (𝑥−2)
− (𝑥−3)
3 1 1
𝒚′ = (𝑥−1) + (𝑥−2) − (𝑥−3)
4𝑥−7 1
𝒚′ = (𝑥−1)(𝑥−2) − (𝑥−3)
4𝑥 2 −12𝑥−7𝑥+21−(𝑥 2 −3𝑥+2)
𝒚′ = (𝑥−1)(𝑥−2)(𝑥−3)
3𝑥 2 −16𝑥+19
𝒚′ = 𝑥 3 −6𝑥 2 +11𝑥−6

17. 𝒚 = 𝐿𝑛(3𝑥 2 + √9𝑥 2 + 1)

1 ′
𝒚′ = ∗ (3𝑥 2 + √9𝑥 2 + 1)
3𝑥 2 +√9𝑥 2 +1
(9𝑥 2 +1)′ 1
𝒚′ = 6𝑥 + ∗
2√9𝑥 2 +1 3𝑥 2 +√9𝑥 2 +1
(9𝑥 2 +1)′ 1
𝒚′ = 6𝑥 + ∗
2√9𝑥 2 +1 3𝑥 2 +√9𝑥 2 +1
 18𝑥 1
𝒚′ = 6𝑥 + ∗
2√9𝑥 2 +1 3𝑥 2 +√9𝑥 2 +1
12𝑥√9𝑥 2 +1+18𝑥 1
𝑦′ = ∗
2√9𝑥 2 +1 3𝑥 2 +√9𝑥 2 +1
12𝑥√9𝑥 2 +1+18𝑥 1
𝑦′ = ∗
2√9𝑥 2 +1 3𝑥 2 +√9𝑥 2 +1
12𝑥√9𝑥 2 +1+18𝑥
𝑦′ =
6𝑥 2 √9𝑥 2 +1+9𝑥 2 +1

𝑒 𝑥 −𝑒 −𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥+2𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥
19. 𝒚 = 𝑎𝑟𝑐𝑡𝑔 𝑒𝑥 +𝑒−𝑥 − 𝑎𝑟𝑐𝑡𝑔 𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥−2𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥
𝑒 𝑥 − 𝑒 −𝑥 ′ 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 + 2𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥
( ) (𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥 − 2𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 ) ′
𝑒 𝑥 + 𝑒 −𝑥
𝒚′ = −
𝑒 𝑥 − 𝑒 −𝑥 2 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 + 2𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥 2
1 + (𝑒 𝑥 + 𝑒 −𝑥 ) 1 + (𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥 − 2𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 )

1
𝑦′= (𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ2𝑥) + 1

𝑏+𝑎𝑐𝑜𝑠
21. 𝑦 = 𝑎𝑟𝑐𝑐𝑜𝑠 ( )
𝑎+𝑏𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥
𝑏+𝑎𝑐𝑜𝑠
𝑎+𝑏𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥
𝑦′ = 2
√1− 𝑏+𝑎𝑐𝑜𝑠
𝑎+𝑏𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥

√𝑎2 − 𝑏2
𝑦′ =
𝑎 + 𝑏𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥

√4𝑡𝑔𝑥+1−2√𝑡𝑔𝑥
23. 𝑦 = 𝑙𝑛 ( )
√4𝑡𝑔𝑥+1+2√𝑡𝑔𝑥
𝑦 = 𝑙𝑛√4𝑡𝑔𝑥 + 1 − 2√𝑡𝑔𝑥 − 𝑙𝑛√4𝑡𝑔𝑥 + 1 + 2√𝑡𝑔𝑥

(√4𝑡𝑔𝑥 + 1 − 2√𝑡𝑔𝑥)′ (√4𝑡𝑔𝑥 + 1 + 2√𝑡𝑔𝑥)′

𝑦′ = −
√4𝑡𝑔𝑥 + 1 − 2√𝑡𝑔𝑥 √4𝑡𝑔𝑥 + 1 + 2√𝑡𝑔𝑥

2𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑥
𝑦′ =
√𝑡𝑔𝑥 + [4𝑡𝑔𝑥 + 1

25. 𝑦 = √𝑥 ∗ 𝑎𝑟𝑐𝑠𝑒𝑛√𝑥 + √1 − 𝑥
′ ′ (√1−𝑥)′
𝑦 ′ = (√𝑥) ∗ (𝑎𝑟𝑐𝑠𝑒𝑛√𝑥) + √𝑥(𝑎𝑟𝑐𝑠𝑒𝑛√𝑥) + 2√1−𝑥
 1
1 ( )′ 1
′ 2 √𝑥
𝑦 =2 ∗ (𝑎𝑟𝑐𝑠𝑒𝑛√𝑥) + √𝑥 ∗ −2
√𝑥 √1−√𝑥 2 √1−𝑥

1 1 1
𝑦′ = 2 ∗ (𝑎𝑟𝑐𝑠𝑒𝑛√𝑥) + 2 −2
√𝑥 √1−𝑥 √1−𝑥
′ (𝑎𝑟𝑐𝑠𝑒𝑛√𝑥)
𝑦 = 2√𝑥

𝑥 1
27. 𝑦 = √1 − 𝑥 2 + 2 𝑎𝑟𝑐𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥
2
1 ′ 1 1
𝑦′ = (𝑥 )′√1 − 𝑥 2 + (𝑥 )(√1 − 𝑥 2 ) + ∗ ∗ 𝑥′
2 2 √1−𝑥 2
′
′ 1 (√1−𝑥 2 ) 1 1
𝑦 = √1 − 𝑥2 + (𝑥) + ∗
2 2√1−𝑥 2 2 √1−𝑥 2
1 2(1−𝑥 2 )−2𝑥 2 1
𝑦′ = ( )+
2 2√1−𝑥 2 2√1−𝑥 2
1−2𝑥 2 1 2−2𝑥 2
𝑦′ = ( )+ =
2√1−𝑥 2 2√1−𝑥 2 2√1−𝑥 2
2 2 1−𝑥 2 (√1−𝑥 2 )
1−𝑥 √1−𝑥
𝑦′ = ∗ =
√1−𝑥 2 √1−𝑥 2 1−𝑥 2
′
𝑦 =√1 − 𝑥 2

DERIVADA DE FUNCIONES IMPLICITAS

1. 𝑒 𝑦 = 𝑥 + 𝑦
𝑑𝑒𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑚𝑜𝑠: 𝐸 = 𝑒 𝑦 − 𝑥 − 𝑦
𝑑𝑦 −1
= − 𝑦−1
𝑑𝑥 𝑒

𝑥
3. 𝑥𝑦 = 𝑎𝑟𝑐𝑡𝑔
𝑦
𝑦 3 −𝑥 2 𝑦−𝑦
𝑑𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑣𝑎𝑑𝑎 𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑜 𝑎 𝑥 =
𝑦 2 −𝑥 2
𝑥 3 +𝑥𝑦2 +𝑥
𝑑𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑣𝑎𝑑𝑎 𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑜 𝑎 𝑥 =
𝑦 2 −𝑥 2
𝑦3 −𝑥2 𝑦−𝑦
𝑑𝑦 𝑦2 −𝑥2 𝑦(1−𝑦 2 −𝑥 2 )
= 𝑥 +𝑥𝑦2 +𝑥
3 =
𝑑𝑥 𝑥(1+𝑦 2 +𝑥 2
𝑦2 −𝑥2

5. 𝑥 3 + 𝑎𝑥 2 𝑦 + 𝑏𝑥𝑦 2 + 𝑦 3 = 0
𝑑𝑦 3𝑥 2 +2𝑎𝑥𝑦+𝑏𝑦 2
= − 𝑎𝑥 2 +2𝑏𝑥𝑦+3𝑦 2
𝑑𝑥

7. 2𝑥 4 𝑦 2 − 4𝑥 2 𝑦 4 + 𝑥𝑦 2 + 2𝑦 3 = 6
𝑑𝑦 2𝑥𝑦 2 (4𝑦 2 −1−4𝑥 2 )
=
𝑑𝑥 2𝑥 2 𝑦(2𝑥 2 −8𝑦 2 +1)
 9. 𝑥 − 𝑦 = 𝑎𝑟𝑐𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥 − 𝑎𝑟𝑐𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑦
2
1−√1−𝑥2 √1−𝑦
𝑦′ = 2
1−√1−𝑦2 √1−𝑥

𝑥3 𝑦2 7
11. 𝑦2 + 𝑥3 = 3
𝑑𝑦 3𝑦(𝑥2 +𝑦2 )
= 2
𝑑𝑥 2𝑥(𝑥4 +𝑥2 𝑦 +𝑦4 )

DERIVADAS DE LA FORMA 𝒚 = [𝒇(𝒙)]𝒈(𝒙)

1. 𝑦 = (𝑥 2 + 1) 𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥
ln 𝑦 = ln(𝑥 2 + 1)𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥
ln 𝑦 = senx ∗ ln(𝑥 2 + 1)
Derivamos implícitamente
𝑦´
= (𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥 )´(ln(𝑥 2 + 1)) + 𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥(ln(𝑥 2 + 1))´
𝑦
𝑦´ 2𝑥
= (𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 )(ln(𝑥 2 + 1)) + 𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥 ( )
𝑦 𝑥 2 +1
2𝑥𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥
𝑦´ = (𝑥 2 + 1)(𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 ln(𝑥 2 + 1)) +
𝑥 2 +1

3. 𝑦 = 𝑥 𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥
ln 𝑦 = ln(𝑥 )𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥 ⇒ ln 𝑦 = 𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥 ln 𝑥
𝑦´
= (𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥 )´(ln(𝑥 )) + 𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥 (ln 𝑥 )´
𝑦
1
𝑦´ = 𝑥 𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥 (𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 ln 𝑥 + 𝑥 𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥)

5. 𝑦 = (𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 )𝑥
ln 𝑦 = ln(𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 )𝑥 ⇒ ln 𝑦 = 𝑥 ln 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥
𝑦´
= (𝑥 )´(ln 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 ) + 𝑥 (ln 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 )´
𝑦
𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥
𝑦´ = (𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 )𝑥 (ln 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 − 𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 )
𝑦´ = (𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 )𝑥 (ln 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 − 𝑥𝑡𝑔𝑥 )
TRAZADO DE GRAFICA DE FUNCIONES APLICANDO VALORES
EXTREMOS
1. 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = 3𝑥 4 + 4𝑥 3 + 6𝑥 2 − 4
𝑓 ´ (𝑥 ) = 0
12𝑥 3 + 12𝑥 2 + 12𝑥 = 0
𝑥3 + 𝑥2 + 𝑥 = 0
𝑥(𝑥 2 + 𝑥 + 1) = 0
𝑥=0
𝑦 = −4

𝑓´´(𝑥 ) = 0
36𝑥 2 + 24𝑥 + 12 = 0
3𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 + 1 = 0
𝑥∄

𝑓´(𝑥 ) 𝑓´´(𝑥 ) Conclusión

< −∞, 0 > - +
< 0, +∞ > + +

2⁄
3. 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = 3𝑥 3 − 2𝑥
𝑓 ´ (𝑥 ) = 0
1
2𝑥 − ⁄3 − 2 = 0
2
3 −2=0
√𝑥
𝑥=0 𝑥=1
𝑦=0 𝑦=1

𝑓´´(𝑥 ) = 0
2 4⁄
− 3 𝑥− 3 =0

𝑓´(𝑥 ) 𝑓´´(𝑥 ) Conclusión

< −∞, 0 > - -
< 0,1 > + -
< 1, +∞ > - -
5. 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = 𝑥 − 𝑎𝑟𝑐𝑡𝑔𝑥
𝑓 ´ (𝑥 ) = 0
1
1− =0
1 + 𝑥2
𝑥2
=0
1 + 𝑥2
𝑥=0 𝑦=0

𝑓´´(𝑥 ) = 0
𝑥 2 ´(1 + 𝑥 2 ) − 𝑥 2 (1 + 𝑥 2 )´
=0
(1 + 𝑥 2 ) 2
2𝑥 (1 + 𝑥 2 ) − 𝑥 2 (2𝑥 )
=0
(1 + 𝑥 2 )2
2𝑥
=0
(1 + 𝑥 2 )2
𝑥=0 𝑦=0

𝑓´(𝑥 ) 𝑓´´(𝑥 ) Conclusión

< −∞, 0 > + -
< 0, +∞ > + +

𝑥 3 −2
15. 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = (𝑥−1)2
𝑓´(𝑥 ) = 0
(𝑥 3 − 2)´(𝑥 − 1)2 − (𝑥 3 − 2)(𝑥 − 1)2´
=0
(𝑥 − 1)4
3𝑥 2 (𝑥 − 1)2 − (𝑥 3 − 2)2(𝑥 − 1)
=0
(𝑥 − 1)4
3𝑥 2 (𝑥 − 1) − (𝑥 3 − 2)2
=0
(𝑥 − 1)3
𝑥 3 − 3𝑥 2 + 4
=0 𝑥≠1
(𝑥 − 1)3
𝑥 = −1 𝑦 = −0,75
𝑥=2 𝑦=6

𝑓´´(𝑥 ) = 0
(𝑥 3 − 3𝑥 2 + 4)´(𝑥 − 1)3 − (𝑥 3 − 3𝑥 2 + 4)(𝑥 − 1)3´
=0
(𝑥 − 1)6
(3𝑥 2 − 6𝑥 )(𝑥 − 1)3 − (𝑥 3 − 3𝑥 2 + 4)3(𝑥 − 1)2
=0
(𝑥 − 1)6
(3𝑥 2 − 6𝑥 )(𝑥 − 1) − (𝑥 3 − 3𝑥 2 + 4)3
=0
(𝑥 − 1)4
 6𝑥 − 12
=0 𝑥≠2
(𝑥 − 1)4
𝑥=2 𝑦=6

𝑓´(𝑥 ) 𝑓´´(𝑥 ) Conclusión

< −∞, −1 > + -
< −1,2 > - -
< 2, +∞ > + +

PROBLEMAS DE MAXIMOS Y MINIMOS

1. Encontrar el área del mayor triángulo isósceles que tenga un perímetro de 18
pulgadas.
𝑥2
𝑝 = 18 ℎ2 = 𝑦 2 −
4

y y 𝑥 + 2𝑦 = 18 4ℎ2 = 4𝑦 2 − 𝑥 2
𝑥 1
h 𝑦=9− ℎ = √4𝑦 2 − 𝑥 2
2 2
x/2
𝑏=𝑥
x
𝑏×ℎ 3
𝐴= 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥√9 − 𝑥
2 2
1 3 3
𝑥 (2 √4𝑦 2 − 𝑥 2 )
𝐴= 𝑓´(𝑥 ) = (𝑥√9 − 𝑥) = (𝑥´√9 − 𝑥 + 𝑥√9 − 𝑥´)
2 2 2
1 3 −1
𝐴 = 𝑥√4𝑦 2 − 𝑥 2 𝑓´(𝑥 ) = (√9 − 𝑥 + 𝑥 )
4 2 2√9 − 𝑥
1 𝑥 2 3 2 (9 − 𝑥 ) − 𝑥 54 − 9𝑥
𝐴= 𝑥 √4 (9 − ) − 𝑥 2 𝑓´(𝑥 ) = ( )=
4 2 2 2√9 − 𝑥 4√9 − 𝑥
1 𝑥2 54 − 9𝑥
𝐴= 𝑥√4 (81 + − 9𝑥) − 𝑥 2 =0
4 4 4√9 − 𝑥
1 1
𝐴= 𝑥√324 − 36𝑥 = 𝑥√36(9 − 𝑥 ) 54 − 9𝑥 = 0
4 4
3 𝑥=6
𝐴 = 𝑥√9 − 𝑥
2

3
∴𝐴= (6)√9 − 6 = 9√3
2
3. Una hoja de papel tiene 200 𝑐𝑚2 de material impreso, con márgenes superior e
inferior de 4cm. y márgenes laterales de 2cm. Determinar cuáles deben ser las
dimensiones de la hoja para que se use la menor cantidad de papel.

4
𝑥 ∗ 𝑦 = 200
2
2 200 𝑐𝑚 2 y+8 200
𝑦=
𝑥
4

x+4
𝑓 (𝑥 ) = (𝑥 + 4)(𝑦 + 8)
200
𝑓 (𝑥 ) = (𝑥 + 4) ( + 8)
𝑥
800
𝑓 (𝑥 ) = 200 + 8𝑥 + + 32
𝑥
𝑓 (𝑥 ) = 8𝑥 + 800𝑥 −1 + 232
Derivando
𝑓´(𝑥 ) = 8 − 800𝑥 −2
8 − 800𝑥 −2 = 0
𝑥 2 = 100 ⇒ 𝑥 = 10, 𝑦 = 20

Dimensiones: 14 y 28

5. Se tiene una hoja rectangular de papel, de lados 8 y 15, se desea hacer con ella
una caja sin tapa, cortando en sus esquinas iguales y doblando convenientemente
la parte restante. Determinar el lado de los cuadrados que deben ser cortados, afín
de que el volumen sea el mayor posible.

x 15-2x x
x x

Base 8-2x

x x
x x

𝑣 = (15 − 2𝑥 )(8 − 2𝑥 )(𝑥 )

𝑣 = (120 − 46𝑥 + 4𝑥 2 )(𝑥 ) = 120𝑥 − 46𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 3
𝑣´ = 0
120 − 92𝑥 + 12𝑥 2 = 0
5
3𝑥 2 − 23𝑥 + 30 = 0 𝑥 = ⇒ 𝑣 = 90,7
5 3
𝑥 = ,𝑥 = 6 𝑥 = 6 ⇒ 𝑣 = −72
3
7. manera tal que al rotar sobre su lado común a los ángulos congruentes determine
un sólido de volumen máximo. ¿Cuáles deben ser las dimensiones de los lados de
la lámina triangular?

𝑝 = 60 ℎ2 = 𝑦 2 − 𝑥 2

2𝑥 + 2𝑦 = 60 ℎ = √𝑦 2 − 𝑥 2
y y
𝑥 + 𝑦 = 30
h
x 𝑦 = 30 − 𝑥

2x

1 2
𝑣𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 𝜋𝑟 ℎ
3
1
𝑣𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 𝜋𝑥 2 √(30 − 𝑥 )2 − 𝑥 2
3
𝜋
𝑣𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 𝑥 2 √900 − 60𝑥 + 𝑥 2 − 𝑥 2
3
𝜋 𝜋
𝑣𝑚𝑎𝑥 = √𝑥 4 (900 − 60𝑥) = √900𝑥 4 − 60𝑥 5
3 3
Derivando
𝜋 (900𝑥 4 − 60𝑥 5 )´
𝑣´𝑚𝑎𝑥 = ×
3 2√900𝑥 4 − 60𝑥 5
𝜋 3600𝑥 3 − 300𝑥 4
𝑣´𝑚𝑎𝑥 = ×
3 2√900𝑥 4 − 60𝑥 5
600𝑥 3 − 50𝑥 4
𝑣´𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 𝜋 ×
√900𝑥 4 − 60𝑥 5
50𝑥 3 (12 − 𝑥) 25𝑥 (12 − 𝑥 )
𝑣´𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 𝜋 × =𝜋×
2𝑥 2 √225 − 15𝑥 √225 − 15𝑥
(12 − 𝑥 )
𝑣´𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 25𝜋 ∗ =0
√225 − 15𝑥

𝑥 = 12 𝑦 = 18
9. Un agricultor quiere construir y cercar un campo que tenga la forma de un sector
circular. Si para cercarlo posee un alambre de 200 m. de longitud. Calcular el radio
que debe tener el sector para que el campo sea la más grande posible.

1
𝐴 = 2 𝑟𝐿 𝑃 = 200 = 2𝑟 + 𝐿
r
1
𝐴 = 2 𝑟(200 − 2𝑟) = 100𝑟 − 𝑟 2
Derivando
𝐴´ = 100 − 2𝑟 𝐴´´ < 0 L
100 − 2𝑟 = 0
𝑟 = 50
 11. Un jardín rectangular de 400 𝑚2 está rodeado por un camino de 2m. de ancho.
¿Qué dimensiones debe tener el jardín para que el área total del jardín y el área
del camino sea mínima?

2 𝐴=𝑏×𝑎

400 = 𝑏 × 𝑎
A=400𝑚2 a
400
𝑏=
𝑎
b

2 × 400 400 1600

𝐴𝑐𝑎𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑜 = 2𝑎 + + 2𝑎 + 2 × = 4𝑎 +
𝑎 𝑎 𝑎
1600 4𝑎2 − 1600
𝐴´ = 4 − 2 =
𝑎 𝑎2
2
4𝑎 − 1600
=0
𝑎2
4𝑎2 − 1600 = 0
𝑎2 = 400 ⇒ 𝑎 = 20 𝑏 = 20

RAZONES DE CAMBIO PROMEDIO Y RAZON DE CAMBIO CONSTANTE

1. Un depósito de agua, en forma de un cono invertido, es vaciado a razón de 6ny /
min. La altura del cono es de 24m. y el radio de su base es de 12m. Calcule la
rapidez con la que el nivel de agua desciende cuando el agua tiene l0m. de
profundidad.

𝑑𝑣
r = 12 m = 16
𝑑𝑡
𝑟 1
h = 24m =2 ℎ𝑓 = 10
ℎ

1 ℎ2
𝑣= 𝜋∗ ∗ℎ
3 4
1
𝑣= 𝜋 ∗ ℎ3
12

𝑑𝑣 1 𝑑ℎ
= 𝜋 ∗ 3ℎ2 ∗
𝑑𝑡 12 𝑑𝑡
1 𝑑ℎ
6 = 𝜋 ∗ 100 ∗
4 𝑑𝑡
𝑑ℎ 6 𝑚
= ⁄
𝑑𝑡 25 𝑚𝑖𝑛
3. Un automóvil que se desplaza a razón de 30 pies/seg. se aproxima a un crucero,
cuando el auto está a 120 pies de la intersección, un camión que viaja a razón de
40 pies/seg. cruzan la intersección. El auto y el camión se encuentran en carreteras
que forman un ángulo recto entre sí. ¿Con qué rapidez se separan 2 seg? después
de que el camión pasa dicho crucero?

𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦
= 40 = 30 𝑥 = 60 𝑦 = 80 𝐿 = 100
𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝑙 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦
L 2𝐿 ∗ = 2𝑥 ∗ + 2𝑦 ∗
𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝑙 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦
100 ∗ = 60 ∗ + 80 ∗
𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝑙
100 ∗ = 60 ∗ 30 + 80 ∗ 40
𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝑙
= 50 𝑝𝑖𝑒𝑠
𝑑𝑡

5. Una escalera de 25 pies de longitud está apoyada en una casa. Si la base de la

escalera se separa de la pared de la casa a razón de 2 pies por segundo. ¿A qué
velocidad está bajando el extremo superior cuando la base de la escalera está a:
a) 7 pies de la pared b) 15 pies de la pared c) 24 pies de la pared

𝑑𝑥
=2
𝑑𝑡
L=25
Y 𝐿2 = 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2

252 = 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦
2𝑥 ∗ + 2𝑦 ∗ =0
X 𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡

𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦
a) 2𝑥 ∗ + 2𝑦 ∗ = 0
𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝑦
2(7) + 48 ∗ =0
𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝑦 7
=
𝑑𝑡 24
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦
b) 2𝑥 ∗ + 2𝑦 ∗ = 0
𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝑦
2(15) + 40 ∗ =0
𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝑦 15
=
𝑑𝑡 20
 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦
c) 2𝑥 ∗ + 2𝑦 ∗ = 0
𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝑦
2(24) + 14 ∗ =0
𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝑦 24
=
𝑑𝑡 7
7. Un avión vuela a 6 millas de altura, pasando la trayectoria de vuelo exactamente
sobre una antena de radar. El radar detecta el avión y calcula que la distancia s al
avión cambia a razón de 4 millas/min. Cuando tal distancia es de 10 millas,
calcular la velocidad del avión en millas por hora.

Avión V

6 milla
L
• 𝑑𝐿 = 4𝑚/𝑚
• 𝐿 = 10𝑚 𝑣=8
𝑑𝑣
• 𝑑𝑡
=?
Radar

𝐿 = √62 + 𝑣 2
𝑑𝐿 𝑣 𝑑𝑣
= ×
𝑑𝑡 √36 + 𝑣 2 𝑑𝑡
8 𝑑𝑣
4= ×
√36 + 64 𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝑣
= 5𝑚𝑖𝑛 × 60 = 300𝑚𝑖𝑙𝑙𝑎𝑠/ℎ
𝑑𝑡

9. Una partícula se mueve a lo largo de la curva 3𝑦 = 𝑥 3 + 2. Encuentre los puntos

sobre la curva en los cuales la ordenada está cambiando 9 veces más rápido que
la abscisa.
3𝑦 = 𝑥 3 + 2
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑥
3 = 3𝑥 2 = 10
𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
3(10) = 3𝑥 2
𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡
(10) = 𝑥 2 ⇒ 𝑥 = ±√10

3𝑦 = 𝑥 3 + 2 3𝑦 = 𝑥 3 + 2
3𝑦 = 10√10 + 2 3𝑦 = −10√10 + 2
10√10 + 2 10√10 + 2
𝑦= 𝑦=−
3 3
REGLA DE HOSPITAL
𝑥 𝑚 −𝑎𝑚
1. 𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑥→𝑎 𝑥 𝑛 −𝑎𝑛
(𝑥 𝑚 − 𝑎 𝑚 )´ 𝑚𝑥 𝑚−1 𝑚𝑎𝑚−1
𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑥→𝑎 𝑛 = 𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑥→𝑎 −
(𝑥 − 𝑎 𝑛 )´ 𝑛𝑥 𝑛−1 𝑛𝑎𝑛−1
𝑚 𝑚−1−𝑛+1 𝑚 𝑚−𝑛
⇒ 𝑎 = 𝑎
𝑛 𝑛

𝑥 3 +𝑥 2 −7𝑥−15
5. 𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑥→3 𝑥 3 −5𝑥 2 +8𝑥−6
Derivar
3𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 − 7 26
𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑥→3 2
=
3𝑥 − 10𝑥 + 8 5

𝑒 𝑥 −2𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥+𝑒 −𝑥
7. 𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑥→0 𝑥𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥
𝑒 𝑥 (𝑥)´ − 2(−𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥) + 𝑒 −𝑥 (−𝑥)´
𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑥→0
(𝑥)´(𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥) + (𝑥)(𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥)´
𝑒 + 2𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥 − 𝑒 −𝑥
𝑥
𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑥→0
𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥 + 𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥
𝑒 + 2𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥 − 𝑒 −𝑥
𝑥
𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑥→0
𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥 + 𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥
𝑒 𝑥 + 2𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 + 𝑒 −𝑥 1+2+1
𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑥→0 = =2
𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 − 𝑥𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥 1+1