12.1.

EOPAKTOM ETP VLIHUr M ETOA AHA'I I3Y

P
PeQpaxmoMempuqni xoncmaHmu flK Kpumepii uucmomu peqoeunu i uemod
idenmuQixaqii.
Poernn4aovra sa6pygHeunfi npenapar nr poa6aaneHnft po3qt4H gotvtitttox y vucriil
pevoeuHi, MoxHa Bil3Haqnru euicr 4ovtit-uor x aa niHiilunu cnieei4HouleHHFM
ft - flru"*
JL-
k
de ll n flqucm - noKasHuKu 3anoMneHHn ma qucmoi'peqoeuHu.
docnidxyeanbHo?o npenapamy
Koe$iqient k evsuar{aprb Anr AocnigxyaanuHoi peqoBilHu eKcnepilMeHraflbHo,
a6o AnF npu6nnsHoro opieHryeaHHn oqiHnoru BeflilquHy x, Bl4xo4nqil 3 npaBhna
a4urneHocri.
V quorvry Bnna,qKy MH MaeMo HaOnilxeHe cniaaignolueHHF:
H - hdo,
Puo,*rc\+
hdo, - hrr"*
de - Macoeuu eMicm dorviwox, e %,
Poo,
daona tTte d - eycmuua douiwxu i docnidxyeanbHoeo npenapamy.
gymnueicmt peSpaxmoMempu.tHoeo uemody 3aflexhrb BiA pianrqi
lldou - fl,aucm , quM flinawop e pisuut4n noxasuuxie sanoMneHHn ocHoeHol peuoeuuu i
douiwxu, mum 6inaw qymnueuM xpumepieM Ltucmomu e noKasHuK 3afloMneHHfl.
firqo gHa.{eF{Hs ,?don ta fl,aucm e 6nnournMt4, To cnianaginnn ll n flqucm ule He

AOBOAT4Tb
r{14CTOTI4 fl penapaTy.

AHArr 13 noEBrr4 H 14X CvMl lX Et4

on noKa3HuKa
woxla actaaoavtvl ilor o xo u ue u m p a ui P.

n
o
K
a
3
H Puc 9.1.
u
K Pefi p axm o Me m p u Lt uu it au an i s
3
a
n nodei(tuux cucmeM
o
M
n
y eunadxy eKcmpeMyMy Ha
e
H
H
xpuei(t noxasu u xie 3anoMfieHHfl .

,l

Bruicm
l-paSoanan irh q x h fi MeroA po3paxyHKy:
1) ar,rvriprororu eranoHHi po3L{t4Hil a6o ea nireparypHnMil AaHilMt4 Ta po3paxoBylorb BerilqilHil:

xo!.r. :'- '100 Lx: y - xoM

"
t't -/1",
de xo6 - KoHLpHmpau,in oduoeo s KoMnoHeHmie posuuuy (y 6yd*nxux npoLIeHmHUx oduuuqnx),
ti, 41 tTlO n2 - I\OKQ3HUKU 3anOMneHHn pogtluHy iUO^O rcOunOueUmie.

2) 6y4yroru rpaSir eanexnocri Ax ai4 xooa (a6o Nt n ), -

llpr,r aHanisi HeaigoHarx posvrHia cnoqarKy po3paxoBylorbxasT, nicns qoro 3HaxoAFTb sa rpaSirorvr Ar i ,

cyMyrorrr4 ix, orpnuynrb roqHe 3HaqeHHF KoHqeHTpaL{ii: x xs76 -l Lx :

 12.2.
AHAn 13 nOTPll4Hl4X CvMl 1llE14
flnn noeuoeo aHanisy nompittuux cyrviwetT norpi6Ho Bl43Haqwru dea HesanoKHux
napaMempu, FKi xapaKrepil3ylorb ii cxna4.
O.qHrana 3 TaKilx napaMerpie Moxe 6yrn noxa3HilK 3anoMneHHF.
lHr.uru napaMerpoM Moxe 6yru 6ygu-nra Siauvna enacrileicru flKa flerKo
B[3Haqaerbcn, Hanpnlfiaq, rycrilHa, noBepxHeevfr Harnr, B'F3Kicrb, pienexrpnqHa crana,
TeMneparypa nnaBnenns a6o rnninHs.
9acriue 3a iuurux AnA ananiay norpiinux cl4creM 3acrocoByerbcn
peQpaxmodeucumempuuuuil twemod, nrnfi nonnrae y arruiprceanni noKa3HilKa
3anoMfleHnn i rycrnuu. BranaqeHHF cKna4y cyruiuetZ npoeo4urucn rpaSi.{riilrvr r.lnFXoM.
Pvc. 12.2. Cxeva npnroryBaHHe
norpirlurx cyliuerl Anq AocniAXeHHF
3anexHocri norasurrie sanoMneHHc i
rycrnHu eig cxna4y.
Memo) a documa cxnaduu(t, afle
doseonse Kpaqe eufleumu xid Kpusux
docnidxyeanbHux enacmueocme(t npu
ru i u i m an a u i (t
i cyu i w e (t.
xin axoc m
6 Y memodi 6 nompidui cucmemu eomyrcmbcfl
pos6aeneuunm nodei(tuux cucmeM mpemint
KOMNOHEHMOM.
1. fomyrumu nompiilni cymiwi moraHozo sidoruozo crutady, nnanomipuo pumautooani y
mpuKymHuxy e.micmy peqo6aH, odnum s memodie, u4o noKasanufi na puc.ll2.
2. Bunipnu)mb noKa3HuKu 3&no.rrneHHn i zycmanu Uux emoroHHax cytwiwefi.
3. fna KoJrcHozo z nepepisie mpuKymHuxa fydyrumu donomitrcni zpa$ixu n-emicm i d-emicm.
4.3s donoiltozon qux zpafiixio n i d inmepno,'ttunmbcn vepez pieui iumepeanu.
5. Inmepnontoeuui zpaQixu HaHocnmbcn Ha mpurymHy diazpamy seruKozo pozmipy, nicna
ttozo qepes mouKu z odaaxoeuilu sHflqeHHnMr.t n npoeodnmbcfl nnaeai xpuei - isope$paKmu, u
qepe3 mo.rKu s odnaxoeurwu d- isodencu (ninii oduaxoeoi zycmuuu).
B pesynurari orpl4Myrorb po3paxyHKoey 4iarpaMy 3 cirKoto isope$paKr i i3o,qeHc.
H,O
0,99 ^ -'ls
50
rr0
50
0,96 60
10
qss

cH3oI{ U\
/p $c'H,oH
cH3oH\ %

Puc. 12.3. Tpuxymua diaepama dns pefupaKmoMempuLlHoeo aHanby nompittHoi

cucmeMu emunoeuit cnupm - Memunoeuil cnupm eoda. -
n';t -y noAinKax urKanil 3aHypeHoro pe$parroMerpy.
 12.3.
Y Mero4i BxnyqeHHfl oAt4H 3 KoMnoHeHrie rinuricHo BilAanf,erbcn eiAnoeiAHilru
peareHToM a6o poavraHHurou i 3a4aqa 3BoALlTbcF go nafinpocriuloro BilnaAKy aHaniey
noAeifiHilx cytvtiuefi.

CTHTOH
n30
1,40 o/"C6Hp
tlt20
ll cuecu
t)4+0
1,460
ll ocr
1.480
t

CsHe A "/oC6H6 CoHu B'

,:C X

Puc.12.4. Tpuxymna diaepaua dnn Puc.12.5. Tpuxymua diaepama dnn

aHanisy nompiilHux cucmeM p eQ p a Km ox po M am o e pafu iq
oeo a u an i sy :
H

1euson - eeKcaH - nponunoeuil cnupm A - xounoHeHm ,tKuil He

MemodoM eunyqeHHfl. xpoMamoepahyembcfl;
Touxy nepemuHy isopeQpaKtrtu n,,",, 3i B i C - KoMnoHeHmu, eiduoweuus
KoHu,eHmpaqiil nxux
cmopoHoto HeeunyqeHux KoMnoueumie
(mouxa A) s'eduyromb npnMorc niuiep BX/XC eusHaqarcmb Ha
c 3 npomunot<Hon eepwuHoto xpoMamoepammi.
mpuKymHuKa. Koopd uuam u moqKu nepemuHy cixyuoi'
y AX s isopeQpaxmorc n dapmu cxnad
Qn npama nepemHe isope$paxmy ncyuirui
nompittuoi cucmeuu
moqu,i B, KoopduHamu nKoT eKasyrcmb Ha
n poqeH m H u il cxn ad docn idxye an bHoT cym iw i.

fl pra v H l4x cncreu en u i prcBaHHf, M noKa3H

xnagn anan isy norpi fr nux opraxi u Ka
3ATOMflEHHfl ixiruiqxnu
MIqHI'IM Bh3HaqeHHf,M
BII3HAqCHHflM oAHoro 3 KoMnoxeHrie
M
Ximiqne eusHaqeHHg Kounoueumu cucmeMu
l4onHe qucno OneiH, nanuuiruH, creapuH
Heilrpanisaqin Oqroea Kilcfl ora, BoAa, guuernnaniniH
Orlroea Kncnora, 2,6-nytipwH, iqeKaH
Mypar-uraHa Kilcnora, BoA,a, nipu4nn
llponioHoea Kilcnora, Tonyon, BoAa
OMilneHHc Ernnaqerar, ernfl oB rlfr cnupt, lil KnoreKcaHt

flponin aLlerar, nponinie cnilpr, BoAa

OrcuuyeannR OypQypon, cnilprt4 Syp$ypnnoenfi i
rerparigpoSypQyp vnoawh
Oyp$ypon, Syp$ypn noevil cnnpr, Bo,qa
l-.[nxnorercaHoH, qnKnoreKcaHon, BoAa
MernnerunKeroH, arop-6yru noevh cnilpr, BoAa
AqeroH, xnopo$opM, reKcaH
Aqeton, MernnoBllfi cnupr, LlnKnoreKcaH
Araarvrerpin Boga, erilnoeilfi i nponinoeuit (a6o 6yrnnoauil) cnnprn
Boaa, erilnoailil cnHpr, erilnqeno3onbB
 12.4.

", t,q

*:,
{a'

ts,utrr*ri tgb:i.:r{
E
:l:.

*
€ 1,4$

.El

Et: afl
{qp1 g.4'lrf p:lE:t.rft il,ilL! flF3
3 ane trcuicmb noKa3HuKa 3 qroltneHHn d enKux p o 3rtuHis

eid rcoutleumqqqii'

CeirnoPi,qn una PeSPaKroMerpifl

ceimnoeodua pe*paKmoMempifl 6aeyerucn Ha ToMy, ulo cBlTno, 3
ulo
po3noBqogxyerbcg no cBirnoBogy, 3aHypeHoMy B AocJligxyeany
pi4nny, Bl4XoAFqil
i] t:.:?.1i*1.
cBirnoBoAa, Hece B co6i iH$oprr,raqiro npo onrnqHi xapaKrepncrnKu ni4utuu -
3anoMneHHfl i KoesirlieHri nornuHaHHfl, Befiilq.l{tt FKtrtx
3aflexarb BiA CTaHy plAt4Ht4' y
roMy '.{ucni i ei4 iT cKflaAy.
3aranuna cxeMa cncTeMr Anfl pe+paKToMeTpuqHl4X Bl4MipPBaHb is
Ha pnc' 1'
3acTocyBaHHFM 3irHyToro U-no,qi6noro cBiTnoBoga npe4cTaBneHa

F'
,.,1 . :
: t..i
I

,*

F:

rl
I.
ri
ii

puc.l. 3aeanaua cxeMa cucmeMu Ons ceimnoeo0Ho-pe$paxmouempu'lHux euMtpQeaHb'

 12.5

MonoxpoMarhq Ha pe{ParrouerPin

B g,boMy eunadxy Ha exi4nni ropeqb ceirnoeoga noAaerbcfl

eunpouinpBaHHf, y ei4nocno By3bKoMy inrepeani 4oexrn xBltrlb B neeHii
cneKrpansnii o6nacti. i'i eu6ip Moxe 6ymu o6ymoeneuu(t pisuuntu o6cmaeuHaMu, y
moMy qucni il neo1xiduicmp euKoHyeamu euuipneaHHn e o1nacmi uopttanauoT ducnepcii'
a6o uaenaKu - e o1nacmi cMyeu noefluHaHun docnidxyeauoi piduuu.
Monoxpouamuqnuil eapianm ceimnoeodnoi pe$paxmomempfi
Bt4Kopl4croByerbcc lnq creopeHHs i gacrocveaHHs sr nepeFlocHt4x, rar i crauioHapHilx
csirnoao[Hnx pedpaxroMerpie - KoMnaKTHt4x, sri sa6eenevyrcru Nlto>xnnaicru
6esnepepBHoro (a6o rceasi6eenepepBHoro) oneparraBHoro eunltipnaaHHn aHanirnqHoro
curHany i nepereopenHR iloro Beflilqr4Ht4 e o4uFrvlqi KoHqeHrpaqil a6o inui o,qrHuqi.
ilcTaHr rflg eKcn t.o
ileHrilOirauii r{hcrilx pinnH, i nns aHanirnqHoro roHrponto cKnaflv ix HecKnaEHLlx
(6iHapni, nceeao6iHapHi, norpifi Hi) cvruiureil.

Ha puc.2 noKa3aHa sanexHicru ananirnqHoro cnrHany peSpaKroMerpa ei4 auicry

apoMarnLrHr4x cnoflyr e pisHrx Ha$ronpo4yKTax.

A 90
H
a eidpoeeuisam 3.7%
80
fl
i
m 7CI
u
q 60.
H
U
ralnanisatn 43.8o/"
LT

4A
c
tl
e
30
H
a 2fl
fl,
I0
yrvr,ad.
0
0 2A 4A S0 80 100 6. y,
Puc.2. Sanexuicm a au animuqHoeo cueHany ceimnoeodHoeo peQpaxmoMem pa
eid euicmy apoMamuqH.tx cnonyK e uaQmonpodyxmax.

lZoro Aic 3acHoBaHa Ha ei4vriFrHocri err,ricry apoMarnqHux cnonyx e 6en3nHax

BKa3aHnX MapoK.
Ha gucnnel uirponpoqecopa B LlboMy BnnarqKy, flK pe3ynbrar BilMlprcBaHHF,
aucaivyeanacn MapKa 6enanHy.
flOruUnra Bil3HaL{eHHtl CKnarqana 0,3 OAnHraqi OKTaHOBOTO '{ilCna.

Ehcn EPcloMETP]4 qHA PEOPAKTOMETPITI

lera eapiaHr peSparrorvrerpii npilnycKae enuiprceaHHn Ha ABox i 6inuue
floBXhHax xBLlflb.
 13.1.
{PAP MAU E BTH Ll H lrl t'l AHAfi 13

Buuoru go nixapcbrnx 3acosiB tn3) nari6inru naBHo eig6nri y Br4uorax

GLP (Good Laboratory Practice),
GCP (Good Clinical Practice) i

GMP {Good Manufacturing Practice}, qo e oKperuuMr4 suna.qKaun

nnixnapogHl/x crffHrqapris ISO 9000 i pernaweHryrorb Aor<nixiqxi i *:riniqni eranpo6yeaHHs,
eupobnnqreo i peanieaqin II3.
B Aanrari qac B Yrcpaini BBo.qsrbcq girqt+eHnni npaarana GMP i posnouara po5ora
Hafi crBopeHHFM naqioxansHoi Sapruaxonei, rapuouisoeaxoi s BlrMoraMH npoeigHrax
$apraarone*"
Ocroer ui/ru npuuelurlannu emaHdapmuaaqif fi3, *Eo eig6nea$rb Br{MorH
go pospobr<n aHanirmLrHr4x MeroAr4K, e raxi:
1) peani:oByaarncn MolKyrb rinuxn ri ll3, stci n,tapru 3arBepAxeHy qr4 ysrCIAxsHy
aignosigur4Fi AepxaBHuM spiaHoM aHanirfi..{r-{y Hopusrr4Bi{y AoKyMeHraqirc {AHg} B
Yrpaini * n4Mqacoai a6s neerifiili $*pmanone*ni c:arri {TeC a6o SC}.
2) AHfl noalrHHa sa6eanevyearN oE'errrannfi KCIFrrpolrb nnocri .l13, ogepxyeaHoro
sa gaHorc rexnonorierc. Saranona KoHKperHa AHE Moxe saSesneqnrH o6'effiHeh{uri
KoFrrponb I13, orpunaaHoro rinsrcu 3a KoF{KperHorc rexHonorieto.
3) cncrenaa KoHTpolrrCI sr<ocri peanisyenaux tlC noBfiHHa ea6esneqysarn
ucxnueicrb Bnner.teHun 6paxy"
SAJ!lgAL{lglO Hs3uasnrb npCIi{eflypy AOKyMeHTaribilCIro nrATBepAXeHHq
xapaKrepucrv,rK ycraTKy3axHfl, npsl4ecy a6o MeroAr4Kx ixr-ruolvry finaoeipnov:y
3acT0cyBaHHro.
B ananirnqHouy acnerri Bn arigno GMP BKfiFqae rarci naonaenru:
1. Bn aHaniruqHoro ycrarKyesxx*;
2. *n axanirh,{Har r*erognKn ts MoMenr ii aigreopeHHri Ha HoBGMy o6nagHanHi, r
inuin,l uicrgi ir.n.;
3. Bn Mero.qnK, u-lo BXoAnru e AH,[, y MoMeHT pospoSru i :areepgxeHHs AHg.

Kounrerr goKyMeHTie, uqo npeflcraBnffruTb B B opraHr peecrpaqii, grn ogepxaHH*

Ao3Bony na peanieaqin ganoro II3, Ha3nBaerbcl peecfipaqiilxua* docae.
Y r*uorc BXo.qHTb
"aHafiimutrHe docb€" - nepenix noxaanrxiB, 3a FKuMrd KCIHTpo.nrcerbcs ganufr II3;
a x an i rn u q u i an mod u Ku KoH rr pon,o;
ce p m u Si tca m u a u an isy nperqcrasneHnx cepiti ;
auanimuqna doxynenmau,in na cyScranqin i 4onouixni peuosnnn, nircapcuri $optvttt,
Kopo!"nra {nexHofioeiqua cxeua i gxeaa cuHmely cydcraHqii;
daxi no cma5inanocmiit rn.
Ha
eigrr,riuy BiA peecrpaL{ifinors gocbe eignoaigHi uouxperni cmammi
$apmaxofiei nensrurn co6op nuue "KapKaC' sHMor.
ocnoeuow aHanimuq*o$ HopMamusHoto doxymenma4ie,o, r.l1o

perRaueHrye Rricru II3, e TQC zlu QC"

Cv6cmanuin - craHgaprusoeanx* 6ioneriqF{s aKTHBHa peLlOBt Ha, U-10
Br4KOpr4CTOByeTbCfi gnfi npLlTOTyBaHHF roToBllx nlKapcbKl4x eacoSie {n3} Cy6craHqii
MCIxyrb 6ytu gK iH'&naiEyanuHnfttrr xintiqHuh,lll pgqgBuHaqu, Tal{ i

craH[qpTnsoBauoto cyM itlJuJls. pei]gBH H.

 43.2.
AHg {anaNiruuHy hropirarrEHy goxyireHraqira} Ha cy6cranqii ssxqatino
H,ticrNrs rar<i posginm:
1. Bcrynna qacrnHa.
2" Orinc.
3. PoequHxicrs.
4'. l-lpo6a Ha aBreHrrquicrr {cnpaaxr-licru}.
5. ?euneparypa nflaer:eHF{fr .

6. Tervrnepa?ypa rcuninnR a6o reuneparypni uexi neperoHKr4.

7. Temneparypa sareep,qiHnn.
8. Fycrrana.
9. flurotre obeprarxn.
'tr 0.flur*n*Ntr
ncrasHilK noFnfi HaHHF.
f i "l-lorasFthx nepenoufieHHn.
12.llsxasF.mKr4 rKocri eognoro (saserauafi 1%) poc'*uxy.
- nposopicru.
- Konbopoeicrs.
- K!4cnorHicra inpxnicru) a6o pH.
J 3"&llexaxi,.ixi esfi $qeHHfl .

1 4"Cynyrx i 4orr,r iunn :

- cneqn$i.-rui i nraaani roHxperno) gonriu.rxrrr.
- 3araflbHuri recr Ha gouir-uqi.
- cyMa 4ouiu.ror.
15.3anruxoei rinurocri nernL{rlx opraHiqnnx 4owir-uor.
1 i{o fierKo o6ayrnonrbcfl.
6.PeqoamHu,
lT.Heoprasiqni aHior-rN {xnopugn, cyns$arx, nirparn i r,g.).
18.Hecpraxi.4F{i xarionm {eaniea ii in.}.
1$.Brpara e l\aaci npn Br4cyuryear-*-ri a6o aoga, fiKy Bt43H. sa Mero&oru K.$uulepa.
?0. 3anuu.iorc nicns cnafiruBaHns a6c cyns$arna 3ona.
?1.Saxxi Merafltd.
22.Mxu'rx.
23.Mixpo6iar*ri,{Ha qllcrors {afo uepranaHicru)^
24. [liporenuicru.
25. Toxcmqnicru.
?6 KinuKlcHe .'H3Haqeunft .

?7"Y**xyxsr-*{fi.
23.MapxyeanHn.
29. TpaH cnspryEaF*Frs.
30.3SepexeHiln"
31 .Tepuin npngarxocri.
32, 0cHanHa *apMaro.noriuHa gin.

&enxi porginn BKnFoL{aiorbcn B 3anexHocri eiE npilpoAul i npusnareHHn cy6cranqli.

,{onycraerbcfi BtsegeHHn inurux porginie, u4o noBLlHHo noficllr"snarncg B naxc}-rr*eanuHitX
sanxcr-4i. 3rvricr i nnpxgor no6ygoara naHr4x posginie perynncTbcff Mero.qu.rH!4Mr{
peKoveHgaqixuN Sapnaanonefrxoro ronairery.
B rexcr Merogl/rK, BKnrorlgH[rx B AH.[, Moxyrb B]locnTbcFt rlnbxu ri
peaKTilsfi rl ycrarnyBaHHfi, u{o onilcaHi B rs xl. Tana BHuora Bfinflt{Bas 3
ileo6xigHocri craHAaprilsaqii ue:ogurx"
Hafr6nxxqunn qacoru saMicrb fS Xl 6yge sasrosseyrncn ,fiepxaena
Sapmaxoner yxpaTnm, sra rapmoni3sBaHa s gBpone*cbKoro Oapuaxoneeto.
 13.3.
TFXHlqHHlrl AHAfil3
B uauaq exxn xuenamw geg "rucrra "
-
KucnorHe L{ucno (KLli Maca rigpoxcugy xanin {n **a), sra neo6xigxa
gnn HefirpaniraqiT sinuxHx Kxcnor, sxi rraicrsrbcn a 1e aHaniggeaHoT peuoeunn.
KnenorHe qlrcno {a Mr KOH ila 1e peuoeunuri psspaxssylorb sa
$opuynota:
KLI =V.7,1000 lg,
Ee V -o6'er* poavuty eidpaxcu1y tranin, nxu* niwae Ha mu{npyaalnfr fiaeaxtnLt, Mn;
T - mump poltiuHy aidpottcudy
*
saniw {a KOH/ran}, at<uit dopiaasoe N.K,56,1/1000
fSJ - x*pruanasrbma pffiLtut-{y; K *onpaeo,"{Hu* xo*$i4iexm; 56,f - erelaarenm eiEpoxcuEy
rcanirc);
g * Haaax<Ka Aacnidxyea$o€c npodyrma, a.

Busnaqennn .ruenq omunenxn i ecmepoeoeo qucna.

Ecrepoee rilcno {E.{} - Maca rigporcngy raniio {* ue}, nra Heo6xigna
iqrlfi oMlrneFirin eoreplB, xxi rrnicrgrbcn B 1r aHafiiaosauaT peqsBXHrd.
Llncno oMHneHHfi {t{O} eignoeigae maci rigpoxcugy xanin {a Mr},
Heo6xigHoi S,fifi nefrrpanisaqii *insHNx Kncnor i ourunesxs e*repin, sxi
nnicrsrucg e 1r aHanisosaHoT peqoefiHu, ro6ts
r{O=E{+Krl
tuens oh{r{fie$}rn (e Mr KOH Ha 1r peuaeuxx} Bnpaxosy$rb sa
$*pnlty.r:oo
t{O = {Vt - Vz),T "'!000 / g,
de Vr o6'su A,Su poaqu+y conauoi' KucnomL), axu* niwae Ha mumpygaHHn
xonrnporrb nat n po6u, *xn ;
Vz * o6'ew 0,5r po,:uutty confrHoi' t<ucnomu, nxu* niwoe na {nurnpy*aHfia Hasaxxu
docnidxyea+eee nodyxnty, un;
-f
- mump 0,5r-r posvuuy eidpoxcudy xanirc;
g - ,raealKKa docnilxyeaHoeo npo)yxmy, e.

Ecrepoee {ueflc Brir3ilaqa$Tb rK pieumqn uix qncrrou omt!fieHHff i

KkicnOTHt/tM L.ltdctlcM L{O

{Et{ = - Kt{}.

Busxarrexxx flpoanoea rrucna"

flns BHFBneHHs ilo,qsifrHr,rx gB'*gKiB y HeHacilLreHLrx cnofiynax
Br/r Kopr4croBynrb peax4i ro n pHeA H an nx 6poruy.
6ponrne qucns {Eq} nora$ye, cuifibKl4 rpanai* 6pon*y Moxe
npnsgHarxcr go 100r peqoer4Hr4.
Ftl (r r 6poruy na 100r peqoBumlai porpaxoByrorb aa Sopuyrtolo
Ft-l = {V, - V2}.K.4,008.1 0019,
de Vr - a6'er'tt CI,In pa3L4u*y miocynt$amy Hampirc, xxufr niwoa Ha mumpyaaHHn
urrses docn iE y, nan ;
Kz,-t {n porr
Vz * *6'am A,1u p$\r*Hy miocyns$amy Hampin, nxurt niwoe Ha rnumpyeaH*n
Ha€a)KKu docnidxysa*oeo n pody tcmy, un ;
K -nanpae*,aliuit xae$i4ienm da A,1u pasvuxy miocynuSamy uampirc;
A,008 - Maca 6poaay, nt<a aidnoaidao lun morana 0,1n pffiLtuHy miocyntfiamy
aampin, e;
g - Hasaxt*a Aocni}xyeaxoi'peuosurlu, e.
 13.4.
B t43HALl EH Hfr BOn OfH B O PfAH I
L{ H l'tx P E LIOB 1't HAX.
Bievanaqe eusnaqeuun eonaeu e oumoeitt $ucnomi
PeaxmUeOt,,, QiWePA.
BisyanuHe BHsHaL{eHHn Bono.H peaKTuBoM Siuepa fpynryeroc* Ha
3opsnsuy c*pnfrnnrri enaiuH sa6apBneHH* * rouqi exeieaneulsocri.

Buena,4elt,nn crfiadv eodu e nas'mi i Ha&monsadvxmax

Kinurin-re FusHaqeHHs BogLn sa MerCIgom ffina i Crapra 6asyerucn Ha
nigraHqi Bo,qH e cy*riui aHanisoeaHoro npoiqyxTy s SeerogHrrru posllltHHl,rxollr.
f,x poSt{tdHH14K sidKopr4croBytoTb 6en3en, lonyeH, 6eHgmlt. Pogqnnnnx
nonepegH bo 3HeBogHroloTb.

Bl,t3HAt{EHHf OKHCHTOBAHOCTI CTILIHHX BOg.

Tepnnin "oKr{cfiananicru" xapa'{Tepirgys saranrnufi eriilicr y eogi
ai,qHoanNxie {opraniunnx i neopraniuHmx}, nKi pearytorb s crdJrbntlutl
oKltcHnKaM![.
3aransnuti eMicr y eogi eiguoanmlor{ilx peqoButH BrdsHaqaerbcx
rtadamnur;n uemadou, B ocrioei fisro riexurb oxr{cneHHfl opranivnux
per{oeffiH t}ogaro*lt l<anito B KtdcnorHouy cepegarr,tu.li. OpraHiuni cnanynn B
TaKHX yuoBax oKncnlo$Tbcn rqo COz, SOr, N2. Kracenu, gxuft Bxo,qntb Ao
cKnarqy cnonyr BrdKoptrcroByerbcn Ha Ix ortfcfieHxn, a He&ocrarHs Anfr
oKucneHns xinuxicrb KrdcHrro exginnerbcn s riogary xanip:
2lO{ + 2H* -+ lz * HzO + 5Oz
Oxuexrcearrtcrne X flopisFroe ruaci fiogary xanip {rurr), qo neoSxigHa
Ann noaHoro snrlcrrenHfl ecix eignornoBaHfix peqoBilH B 1n BoAn, i
o6qucnmerbcn ea $opvrynon
X = {Vr V2}.1{.Va .1 00A.b / V .Va,
-
de Vt -
o6'er'i A,1x posuuxy miocynu$amy nampin, nxuit niwoa Ha ft?umpyeaHHfl
Konmporrb noaa docnidy, un;
Vz- o6'erv, 0,1n posvuny mioeynu$amy nampin, nxuil niwoe Ha mu{npysaHfifr
docnidxyeauoi eodu, r'an;
K *nonpa6'o,{nu{: tcae$i4iexrn da A,1u posuuuy miocyn*$amy nampin;
Vs* wicmxicma uipnoi xan6u, *e*;
V - o6'erw eedu, nKy B3nfiu dnn ananisy, Mn;
Va - o6'er* po3{.,u+y, nxa* niwoa Ha mumpysaqq*, Mn;
b- uaca ilo)amy xanin, nna aidnoeidae lms 0,'ln posuuuy miocyna$arny uampiw,
M&.
Qxucxtoeari*rna Brpaguril fiK Macy KlrcFrio {r,:e}, Hec6xi.qHy Ar:s
MG:rHa
noBHoro oKrdcHeHHfl ecix sigHoentoFoqrdx pet{se}lrr B 1n BoA14. B Llbouy
Blrnaflxy HaFegeHa Bns{e $opruyna Mae BHrfisA

X = {Vt - VS.|{.0,6667.V2.1000 / V .Va,

de S,SSS/ - Maca KucHta, Me, nKa aidnoeidae 1an 0,lu pasvutty
miocynafiama nampirc.
 13.5.

ftepmaneanamuuil nemai Aae HeroqHi pesynbraru, ocxinuxn

nepmaHraHar xanito oKucntoe He eci opraniuni pe,+arnHN i He sasxgr{
noaHicrn. OAnax gnx nopieHnnsnoT ollixxyr aa6pygnefiHf, criqnux Bog rlritu
MeTOTqOM KOpHCTyBaTHCS MO)KHa.
B xucno*ay cepe.qosNuqi eignoenenHs KMnOa eig6yBasrbcs ea peaxqiem
MnO+ + 8H* + 5e -+ Mn?* + 4HzO
flicns xrn'stinxs criqxoI Bo$rd HaAfin'lJoK KMnO+ aigHoannoTbcs
u1aBneBolo Kucnorolo 3a piexnxHnr* pearqii:
MnOa * 5CeO+2- + 16H* -+ 2Mn2* + EHrO + 10COz
HagnnuloK u{aBfienoT Kllcrlortd nigrnrpoByrorb po3qrdHsm nepmaHranary
xanilo.

oxucnrcaaxicma x {e MF KMn0+, 3arpaqeHoro Ha sKrlcreHHa

aignoerrotoqn peqoB?tH e 1n eo,q:l) BfipaxoByrorb ea $oprrayrsro

X = {V - {* + Vz)}'0,32'100 I Vs,
de V1- o6'eu 0,01n pffi4u+y fiepMaHeaHamy xanirc, nxuit niuos Ha murnpysaaafr 10an
Waaneeal Kucfioffiu, Mn;
V7- o6'ea A,Aln pasquHy nepwaHzaHaffiy xanirc, nxuit niwoe Ha oKucnennn aciei
ducmunuoeanoi' eod u, Mn;
V - saeanauu{t a6'eM A,Ai a poavuHy nepMaHeaHamy xafiirc, dodanurt Ha fioqamKy
€uJuaqganx iouxapucmauutt Ha mumpysaH*n uadnuwxy u4aaneeoi'KLtcfiomaj, &tr';
l/s o6'em axanisoeanoi sodu, esnmuil dnn eua*aqr'ttfr ; ypaxygaaHnM
nonep*dubaeo pa*eedeann, un;
4,32 - Maca FlepwaHeaHafiy xani*c, Me, frKa aidnoei}a* lwn 0,A01H polquly.

B1'I3HAI{EHHfi Tfi ONEKYNRPHOI MACH TIOKONY

{nonrcyn botgHot-o KAyqyKy}.
Merog 6asyerucn Ha neaeruogiT xinqeaux rionunux rpyn si cna6xnur
poaqfiHom inapy, Hagnfiil:ox flKors BHsHaqa$Tb rldrpyBaxnnru riccynr$aronn
uarpin.
Tcuny HaBaxKy rioxona {0,2-0,3a} srvrir.qyro* e ronivxy Nondy po3quHfr}crs n 75nan 6er-r:eNy i
goAanrb 30-35aan 0,01n po3t{r4Hy tiogy. l-loriur enricf, xon6n cfinbHo crpylllytb i aigrnrponynrx
Harqnuuog tlo-cy 0,01H po3r{ilHonn riocynu*ary narpiru a npucyruocri KFoxManlg. OAxqqacHs
npCIBo.qsrb KoHTponbHe rhrpyBaHns riei x ningxogri ilogy npu gogasaaaiTSun 6enseny.
MonexynnpHy Macy raoxo.ny {lttl} eupaxoByrorb sa Sopuyfioro

de 254 - snonerynFtpaa ,uasa *a}y;

-
M = 254"9 / iVr V21'14'A,AA127,

g - Hasax<Ka mioxony, a;
Vr * o6'er* A,Al n posL+u+y miocynuQarny Harnpiw, xxuil niwoe Ha t$Hmpoilbqe
rftui"T,pygaHHfr, {ttfi;
Vz- a6'su 0,01n postluHy miacyna$amy Hampip, nxuit niutae r.,a mu{npyeaHHf,
HalatKKu mioxony, mn;
K *
nonpaaoraHuil xoe$iqienrn do A,01n paaquty miocynu$ama uampirc;
-
4,00127 rnaca *ody, sxa eidnesidae 1un A,Af u po3ttuHy miocynt$ama
xarnpiw, e"
 "13.s.
KINbKCHE BH3HALIEHHR NgPOKCHNbH'IX
rPyn B ofiil-o- I nontEnoKcHfiAx.
lns
BCraHoBneHHs xinuxocri rigporcunbHtrx rpyn B o.niro- i
nonienorcn4ax npoBognrb peaKqio aqernrryBaHHfl .
Khunicru nuginenol npra qbouy Bogrir BldsHaqaerbcr peaKridBona Oiu.repa.
Flaraxxy 0,5-1r onirs- qb! nonienoxcxgy {aonoriurr flKsro nonepegxbo axafrgeno ra
AonoMororu p€arruBy <Diuepa) nouir4arcru s xoniuny xon6y ruicrxisrp 150un, goganru Snm
aqerHnlsoqo.o po3r-[4Hy, 3aHpfiBanrs npooxop iB]rrpLrMy]orb y reMHori 1,5-2rog npra 80-g0oC.
flapanentHo npoBofinyb KoHTpcnuxurl gocnig. f1icnn CIxCIfisgxeHsR ron6u BBoARTb Surn nipugn:ry,
neperuiu.ryrorb po3.JHH i rurpynru peaKTuBoM $iruepa.
Aqernnnru,lufr poruNx tsrylorb HacrynHilM '-trHc*,r: cymiru 200rvrn nucgnHoi oqrorai Kus.riorr4,
3Srvrn dercony i Srvrn KoHqeHTpCIeaxoi Kucnoru xarpiaamru e xonbi, 3 TepuogerpoM,
geSnenuaropoM i noryuxoo.Qina-Crapra. Cyrvrir.r.r npornn'sruru 4-4,5rog, noriM eigirnarN 6er{son
Ao reMneparypr4 115"C.

Suricr rigporcnnbHux rpyn x (e To,rraac) sHaxoAgrb ea $opuryfloro:

X= [0,944(Vi _Vz].K.100 / 1000.gJ _W -

= [0,0944&', - Vz).K I g] - W,
de Vr i Vz - a6'sra peaKmasy *iwepa, nxu* niwo* Ha ntuffipysaH*x erdnoe,diro
docnidx<yaaftoes poltluHy i xonmponaxaf npa6u, un;
K - ea1uuil ettaisaneHm peaKmuey QiuJepa, dun;
g Haaax*a anieo- qu na*ienoxcudy, e;
-
0,944 - eidHouJeHHfr MoneqyfiapHux r*ac eidporccununo!'apynu i aodu;
W eanaeicmt noniaepy G nepepaxyHKy Ha eidpoxcunuui epy,1u {e yr},
pcfpaxosysffbcry sa $opwynoa w -* 0,944,y {de y - Macosa dons eodu, ya).

BH3HAIIEHHff BMICry ENOKCHI-PYN

B EnOKCttgHHX nOnlMEPAX"
Kinunicne BmsHar{eHHfr enoKcilrpyn B noniuepax 6aayerucr Ha pearlliT
enoKci4rpyn 3 conflHoFo Kr4cnororo B cepegsBl,tqi gioxcany qfi aqeroHy:

Pearr4ia

B ronfy 3 npnreprorc npo6rorc euir.qyrorb ror{Hy HaBa}KKy noniuepy {0,2-0,3r), Acrqaprb

30run ar4eroHy, 3arpuBaprb npo6ron i eurpuuynrs {nepiograt{Ho crpyutyrovu ron6y) nptr riruxarxifi
TeMlepatypigo noeuoto po3qt4Hesns nonimepa. floriur AoAalorb 1Oun po:urany connncl Kr4cJtorl,t E
aqeroni {posumri rCIry$tb sntiulaHxxm Smn xanqexrpoeaxol ccnsHcT KucnorLr a 200n n aqerony) i,
3aKpuBultl npoSron, BfiTpuMytors 30xe. Ha4nuu.lox consHol Kacnartl si4larposyxrru 0,1n po3r.n4HoM
ri4poratgy xarpin B npucfrHocri $enon$raneihy, Ilapanenuno npoBogrrb KaHrporluHuri gocnr4
6er naeaxxl'l nanin*epy ea rieru x Merorquxalo.
Macoey qacrKy enorcnrpyn x (e %) Brd3Haqarorb 3a $opurynon
X= {Vr -Vr)K 0,0043 . 100 I g = ff1 - V2}'K.0,43 / g,
de V1 - o6'nn 0,1n posuuny aidpoxcudy nampin, at<uit niwoe Ha murnpysa$ffr a
Kg E ocn iii,
H ffi p0r7 b Ho M't

vz- He mupyeaHHFt noniuepy, un;

K- nonpaeoqnurt roe$r4rbnm do 0,1n posvuny eidporcudy
uampirc;
0,A043 - auicm enoKzuepyn, nrufi aidnasidae lnan mowo 0,1u p$qaty ei}poxcudy
uarnpi, z;
g * Hasax<Ka pe,4oeu+u (noniwepy), e"