B2

B2 B2

Module

12
Module

Module12
THAT’S ENGLISH!
12
THAT’S
THAT’S
ENGLISH! ENGLISH!
1 32 475
B2

Module

12
THAT’S
ENGLISH!
THAT’S ENGLISH!
Autores Edición gráfica
Caroline Cooke; Anna Cowper; Susan Fidel Puerta
Lea-Wilson; Alejandro Zarzalejos Verónica Matilla
Edición Maquetación
Valerie Clark; Sarah Jackson; Esther Lema; Patricia Fernández
Verónica Moro
Coordinación técnica y de diseño
Corrección Mario Dequel
Michelle Armstrong; Denise O’Brien
Dirección del proyecto
Ilustración Vicki Caballero Anderson
Chema García
Grabación
EFS Motivation Sound Studios

Fotografía
ARCHIVO SM; Fidel Puerta; Laurence Mouton / PHOTOALTO; EFE; CORBIS; 123RF; SHUTTERSTOCK; iStock; GETTY
IMAGES; AGE FOTOSTOCK; ALBUM

Fuentes
P. 15: BBC (11/07/15); P. 30:The Guardian (16/07/15); P. 35:The Atlantic (19/07/15); P. 59:The Guardian (08/08/15); P. 69: Debretts
(04/09/15); P. 74: Foreign Affairs (20/08/15); P. 76: Wikipedia (23/08/15); P. 79: The Guardian (26/08/15); P. 99: Professional
Counselling (15/09/15); P. 99: Screen Rant (16/09/15); P. 106: Art Net, Vulture (18/11/15); P. 107: Gov.UK (18/11/15): P. 108: BBC
(18/11/15)

Diseño curricular y seguimiento técnico del proceso de elaboración de los materiales didácticos de Inglés a Distancia
desde el CIDEAD realizado por:
Rocío Arias Bejarano
Silvia Ávila Duez
Nuria Cambronero Sicilia
Rafael Fernández Alonso Este material se ha elaborado con papel
María Ángeles Fernández Melón certificado por la cadena de custodia PEFC
(Programme for the Endorsement of Forest
Ana Mª García Romero
Certification), procedente de plantaciones
Karen Ludlow
forestales, totalmente libre de cloro
Cleo Merino de Diego (TCF – Totally Chlorine Free) y cumpliendo
Ángel Nieto Serrano la ISO14001, siguiendo lo estipulado en
Elena Terán Herranz la Orden PRE/116/2008, de 21 de enero.
Alejandro Zarzalejos Alonso

MINISTERIO DE EDUCACIÓN, CULTURA Y DEPORTE

SECRETARÍA DE ESTADO DE EDUCACIÓN, FORMACIÓN PROFESIONAL Y UNIVERSIDADES
Centro para la Innovación y Desarrollo de la Educación a Distancia (CIDEAD)

Edita:
© SECRETARÍA GENERAL TÉCNICA
Subdirección General de Publicaciones y Documentación
Catálogo de publicaciones del Ministerio de Educación, Cultura y Deporte: http://www.educacion.es
Catálogo general de publicaciones oficiales: www.060.es
Fecha de edición: diciembre 2015
NIPO: 030-15-137-7
ISBN: 978-84-369-5635-1
Depósito legal: M-20310-2015
Impreso en la UE - Printed in EU
Imprime: Reyper, S.L.
THAT’S ENGLISH!
Contents 4
Introduction 6
Unit 1 8
Memory lane
Unit 2 18
Life-changing experiences
Unit 3 28
Law and order
Unit 4 38
Regrets … I have a few
Revision 1 48
Unit 5 52
Age is nothing but a number
Unit 6 62
Mind your manners
Unit 7 72
More power to you!
Unit 8 82
Art? Or not?
Unit 9 92
And they all lived happily ever after
Revision 2 102
Unit 10 106
Exam Strategies
Self Tests (Units 1-9) 112
Reference Section 121
Pronunciation Guide 144
List of Irregular Verbs 147
Audio Scripts 149
Answer Key 167

3
Contents FUNCTIONS GRAMMAR

UNIT
1
• Reporting verbs
• Expressing past intentions
• Future in the past
• Expressing consequence
• or else, otherwise, if not
Memory lane • Reporting
• Connectors to tell an anecdote

UNIT
2
• Past tenses

Life-changing • Talking about experiences

• Organising information
• Past modals
• Inversion

experiences
when writing • Echo questions
• -ing clauses

UNIT
3
• Describing a process
• Agreeing and disagreeing
• Expressing opinion: asking
Law and order and giving opinions
• Revision of passive voice
• should, ought to
• agree /disagree + that /to /with /on /
about /over

UNIT
4
• I wish, if only
Regrets … • Expressing wishes and
regret
• I regret, I am sorry …
• Omitting the subject pronoun
I have a few
• Offering condolence
• Connectors of contrasts

REVISION 1
UNIT
5 Age is nothing • must, have to, need (to)
• Expressing necessity
• Indefinite pronouns and quantifiers
• Expressing opinions
but a number • whatsoever, not at all

UNIT
6
• Intensifying adverbs
• Emphasising
Mind your • Inviting, accepting and
refusing
• Inversion with conditional
sentences and with negative
adverbials
manners • Introducing people
• Connectors for cause and result

UNIT
7
• Modal verbs of obligation
• Expressing objections • make, not allow, ban, prevent
More power • Expressing agreement
• Expressing obligation and
• object (to)
• Emphatic and formal use of
to you! prohibition personal pronouns
• Question tags

UNIT

UNIT
8 Art? Or not?
And they all
• Recommending
• Expressing criticism
• Relative clauses
• recommend, advise, suggest

• Perfect participles

9
• Narrating • in the end, at the end

lived happily • Expressing contrast

• Correcting and rectifying
• contrary to, although, as a matter
of fact
• Speculating • even if, even though, still
ever after • Third conditional

REVISION 2
UNIT
10
Exam
Strategies
4 THAT’S ENGLISH!
 PHONETICS VOCABULARY SOCIOLINGUISTICS WRITING / SPEAKING

• How certain things related • Production: tell an

• Intonation and stress • Vocabulary connected to
to senses remind us of anecdote about
patterns: creating and memory
past experiences something that didn’t
maintaining interest • Anecdotes go as planned

• The importance of
• Intonation of echo • Writing a personal
• Experiences reacting and showing
questions statement
interest

• Different aspects of • Interaction: discuss

• Word stress in long words • Crimes and legal terms white-collar crime and suitable punishments for
cybercrime a crime

• Intonation: expressing • Mourning rituals in • Writing an informal email

• Regret and condolences
condolence different countries of apology

• Connected speech: linking • Ageing process • Coming of age • Production: giving a talk

• The sense of formality • Writing a formal letter of

• Stress for emphasis • Formal situations
cross culturally invitation

• Stress in strong
• Power • The concept of hard vs • Interaction: a debate
agreements
• Objection and protest soft power about the nature of power
• Intonation in question
tags

• Defining and non-defining

• Arts and exhibitions • What makes a work of art? • Writing a review
relative clauses

• Intonation: sounding
• Traditional stories and
interesting when telling • Fairy tales and stories • Production: telling a story
their endings
a story

THAT’S ENGLISH! 5
Introduction
Bienvenido al módulo doce del curso That’s English!
con el que terminamos el segundo curso de nivel
avanzado.
En esta introducción te proponemos algunas
sugerencias para seguir cómodamente y con éxito
los nuevos módulos de That’s English!, que constan
de 9 unidades, 2 unidades de revisión y 1 unidad de
preparación para el examen de fin de módulo.
Antes de empezar cada una de las unidades del
módulo, es útil consultar la tabla de contenidos
del principio del libro donde verás recogidas las
funciones, estructuras, vocabulario, etc., que la
configuran.
Programa de vídeo A (páginas 1 y 2)
Al empezar cada unidad, en la primera página,
están detallados los objetivos que se espera que
hayas conseguido al finalizar el estudio de la misma.
Puedes volver a ellos entonces y comprobar si los
has conseguido.
Los encabezamientos Before you watch, While you
watch y After you watch te indican qué actividades
debes hacer en cada momento.
Before you watch presenta el vocabulario y las
frases clave del programa. Debes, por tanto, leerlas
atentamente y buscar en el diccionario cualquier
palabra que desconozcas.
While you watch contiene las preguntas que los
presentadores hacen al comienzo del programa; sirven
para que te hagas una idea del contenido del episodio
correspondiente de la serie 12, Penn Road y para que
centres tu atención en sus aspectos esenciales. Los
presentadores te darán las respuestas al final.
Mientras ves el programa, intenta responder a las
preguntas de los presentadores. No te preocupes si
hay algunas palabras o expresiones que desconoces.
Muy probablemente aparecerán de nuevo en otras
secciones de la unidad. Es conveniente que tengas
papel y lápiz a mano, pues puede haber palabras o
explicaciones de los presentadores que te interese
anotar. Cuantas más veces veas el programa, mejor
lo entenderás.
Las actividades de la sección After you watch te
permitirán comprobar tu grado de comprensión
del programa. Si te resultara muy difícil realizar las
actividades de esta sección, deberías volver a ver el
programa y hacerlas de nuevo.
En la sección Now you! se te pide que relaciones
el tema del programa con tus propias vivencias y
opiniones utilizando el lenguaje que has aprendido.
Por eso conviene que hagas esta actividad nada más
ver el programa.
La segunda página consta de tres secciones: Street
Interviews, Activate your English and Now You!, y
en ella se trabajan y practican ciertos aspectos del
idioma utilizado por las personas entrevistadas en la
calle.
6 THAT’S ENGLISH!
Reading (páginas 3 y 4)
Bajo el encabezamiento Reading, se encuentra un
texto relacionado con el tema de la unidad. Léelo las
veces que lo consideres necesario para realizar las
actividades relacionadas con él.
Language Study (páginas 5 y 6)
Estas páginas están dedicadas al desarrollo de los
siguientes aspectos:
Pronunciation
Los ejercicios que vas a encontrar en esta sección son
fundamentales para mejorar tu pronunciación. Para
hacerlos, deberás usar el CD de audio. Conviene que
grabes tu propia voz y la compares con el modelo del
CD. Repite tantas veces como consideres necesario
hasta obtener una pronunciación aceptable.
Listening
Estas actividades sirven no solo para desarrollar la
importantísima destreza de comprender el discurso
oral, sino también para reforzar el vocabulario, las
estructuras y funciones estudiadas.
Vocabulary
Las actividades de vocabulario tienen como objetivo
practicar el que se presenta en el vídeo y en la sección
de Reading e introducir nuevos términos de forma
contextualizada.
Grammar
El conocimiento de las reglas gramaticales te
ayudará a entender ciertas estructuras complejas o
simplemente distintas a las españolas. También te
permitirá corregir tus propias producciones y te dará
sensación de confianza. Recuerda, sin embargo, que
se pueden conocer todas las reglas de una lengua
y ser incapaz de expresarse en la misma, así como
también es posible expresarse con toda fluidez y
corrección sin conocer las reglas.
A lo largo de la unidad encontrarás llamadas de
referencia a la sección Reference section, en la que
encontrarás una explicación más detallada de las
estructuras presentadas.
Speaking
Hay dos clases de actividades de speaking: de
producción y de interacción, identificadas con sus
correspondientes iconos. Las actividades de producción
las realizarás solo. Sin embargo, para trabajar las
actividades de interacción necesitarás a otra persona. Si
conoces a alguien que también esté estudiando inglés,
sería muy útil que pudieras hacer estas actividades con
esta persona. Siempre tienes, por supuesto, la sesión
de tutoría, donde podrás realizar estas actividades con
tus compañeros de clase. Un consejo: no seas tímido.
Lánzate a hablar. No te preocupes por los errores que
puedas cometer. No hay nada más que una forma de
aprender a hablar y es hablando.
Writing
Esta sección te ayudará a desarrollar la destreza de
expresión escrita. Sigue las indicaciones y aprovecha
todas las oportunidades que se te ofrecen para
practicar. No es necesario que todo lo que escribas
sea absolutamente correcto. Relee tus textos y
compáralos con los modelos de respuesta que te
proporcionamos en la clave.
Programa de vídeo B (página 7)
La sesión B, que abarca el segundo programa de
vídeo, tiene por objeto ampliar la lengua presentada
en la sesión A de forma menos controlada y más
natural. Este segundo programa está compuesto por
diversos apartados:
• Documentary: aquí podrás ver un documental sobre
algún aspecto relacionado con el tema de la unidad.
• Same language, different lives: ofrece la oportunidad
de ver a personas de diferentes países de habla
inglesa respondiendo a preguntas relacionadas con
el tema de la unidad. De esta manera, además de
oír diferentes acentos, podrás aprender cómo es la
vida en estos países y contrastarla con la tuya.
• That’s the USA: es una sección con la que podrás
disfrutar de un viaje cultural y turístico por los
Estados Unidos de América conociendo aspectos de
la vida norteamericana. En este módulo visitaremos
la costa este de Estados Unidos. En cada episodio
nuestro presentador, Alex, visita un lugar de interés
y conversa con personas que aportan información
sobre lo que estamos viendo. Esta sección te ayudará a
mejorar tu comprensión auditiva y a conocer de cerca
interesantes aspectos de la cultura norteamericana.
Realiza las primeras actividades de cada sección
antes de verla. Te ayudarán a familiarizarte con el
lenguaje que se va a usar. Haz el resto de actividades
de comprensión después de ver cada sección.
Un consejo: no te preocupes si no entiendes todas
las palabras de cada sección. Lo importante es captar
la información principal y los detalles sobre los que
se pregunta en las actividades de comprensión.
Skills Work (página 8)
Esta página está reservada para trabajar las distintas
destrezas de listening, reading, speaking y writing
de forma integrada y con actividades más abiertas
y menos controladas que las de las sesiones A y B.
Comprueba en la página de respuestas los modelos
que se proporcionan para hacer las actividades
escritas y practica las actividades orales en tu tutoría.
Writing / Speaking (páginas 9 y 10)
En estos módulos del nivel avanzado se alternan cada
dos unidades dos páginas dedicadas a las destrezas
de writing o speaking. En ellas se incluirán actividades
THAT’S ENGLISH!
para analizar textos escritos u orales (forma y
estructura) y el lenguaje y funciones utilizados en
ellos. Al final de cada sección el alumno tendrá que
producir o bien un texto escrito basado en el tipo
de texto trabajado en la sección o bien un texto oral
en forma de monólogo o diálogo. Al final del libro
encontrarás las secciones Writing Reference y Answer
Key. En la primera se incluyen modelos de los tipos de
texto presentados en las unidades, y en la segunda se
ofrecen respuestas modelo para todos los ejercicios.
Self Tests
Al final del libro se incluyen los Self Tests
correspondientes a cada una de las unidades. Estas
páginas te dan la oportunidad de que te autoevalúes
y repases los contenidos fundamentales de la unidad.
Revision Units
En este módulo se han elaborado dos unidades de
revisión. Revision Unit 1, que se encuentra después
de la unidad 4, revisa los contenidos de las cuatro
primeras unidades. Revision Unit 2, que aparece
después de la unidad 9, revisa las cinco restantes.
Constan de cuatro páginas para repasar y
consolidar los contenidos principales del módulo.
Incluyen actividades de gramática, vocabulario y
pronunciación, y práctica de las 4 destrezas.
Unit 10 Exam Strategies
La última unidad del libro está destinada a preparar
el examen de final de módulo. Plantea un modelo de
examen por destrezas similar al que se propone en las
Escuelas de Idiomas de la mayoría de las Comunidades
Autónomas. Además proporciona actividades y
consejos para desarrollar las estrategias necesarias
para enfrentarse a las distintas partes del examen.
Reference Section
En esta sección encontrarás las secciones de
Grammar Reference, Writing Reference y Answer
Key que ya se han mencionado. Además, se incluye
la sección Pronunciation Guide con explicaciones
teóricas del contenido de pronunciación presentado
en las unidades.
Por último, un par de consejos. Primero, intenta
asistir a las sesiones de tutoría con regularidad. Son
fundamentales para el desarrollo de tu competencia
comunicativa. En segundo lugar, te animamos a
que hagas uso de la plataforma digital, en la que
además de todo el contenido del curso digitalizado,
encontrarás material de estudio extra y herramientas
de comunicación que te pueden facilitar tu aprendizaje.
Un saludo y mucho ánimo.
El equipo de That’s English!
7
UNIT
1 Memory lane

OBJECTIVES
• To talk about the outcome of past intentions
• To report memories

A Don’t forget …
BEFORE YOU WATCH 4 Answer the questions.

1 Do you think you have a good memory or not? 1 What profession did the man mentioned go into?
Tick (✔) the methods you have used to help you 2 What reminder of the man did Mrs D find?
remember things. 3 How did the man annoy the other neighbours?
lists repeating information to yourself 4 What is Karen worried about regarding Mr D?
mobile phone reminders making up a story 5 How does Mr D show that his memory is still
good in some ways?
associating words with pictures
putting up reminder notices 5 Choose the option that matches the meaning.
1 Mrs D: It slipped my mind.
WHILE YOU WATCH a I forgot something.
2 Answer the questions. b I didn’t forget anything.
2 Mr D: A bit of a senior moment.
a forgetfulness for a short time
b time you spend with old people
3 Doctor: I’m afraid short-term memory loss is
just part of the ageing process.
a forgetting events in the distant past
b forgetting very recent events
1 What examples does Mr Dalton give to show 4 Mrs D: It feels like yesterday.
he is forgetful? a It’s a vivid memory from long ago.
b It happened only recently.
5 Mr D: I might be losing my marbles.
a losing my belongings
b losing my mental abilities, going crazy

6 Use the correct form of the expressions from

2 Why is Mrs Dalton worried about the bonds?
AFTER YOU WATCH
3 Complete the sentences.
1 Mr D can’t find his ... .
2 Karen thinks she is forgetting things because
she is under … .
3 Mr D is concerned about his memory because
recently, he has started … .
4 Last Wednesday Mr D was watering the plants
and he completely forgot to turn the … off.
5 The doctor recommends writing things down
as reminders or … .
6 Ageing is not the only thing that affects
memory, … can also be a sign of stress.
activity 5 to complete the sentences.
1 Sadly my neighbour seems to be ... as he put the
radio in the washing-machine and washed it.
2 My grandfather can clearly recall his time in
the Army years ago but his ... is terrible.
3 Here’s that book you wanted to borrow − I
meant to bring it yesterday but ... .
4 Oh dear, I can’t remember her last name − I
seem to be having a ... .
5 I can’t believe it was forty years since I was last
here as ... .
NOW YOU!
7 Have you ever had any problems with forgetfulness?
The main problem I have with forgetfulness
is with new people’s names. Even ...

8 THAT’S ENGLISH!
 STREET INTERVIEWS
8a The speakers were asked the following question: What kind of music, smells or tastes bring
back memories for you?
1 Which of these things bring back memories for you?
a The smell of flowers, a place, a special dish, a time of year, …
b The taste of sweets, a savoury dish, a certain fruit, …
c The sound of a favourite song, piano music, church music, …
2 Now watch the video and see which ideas are mentioned.

Nicole Glenn Chelsi Brandy David Victor Borislav Samantha

8b Complete the table with the thing which brings back memories for each speaker.

Nicole David
Glenn Victor
Chelsi Borislav
Brandy Samantha

8c Which speaker mentions ... ? There may be more than one speaker for each category.

1 family members 2 a time of year 3 an American state 4 having fun

ACTIVATE YOUR ENGLISH!
9 Look at some of the expressions the speakers
used about memories. What do they mean?
1 Glenn: Whenever I hear some of that music, it
reminds me of my father.
a I make a deliberate effort to recall him.
b Something causes me to recall him.
2 David: It takes me straight back to a moment I
had eight years ago.
a The memory gradually comes to me.
b The memory is instant and vivid.
3 Victor: When you get a whiff of that smell …
a smell something slightly
b smell something strongly
NOW YOU!
10 Complete the dialogue with expressions from
11 What kind of things bring back memories for
activities 5 and 9.
Jane: Did you remember to ask Grandma for
that picture of her wedding?
Tina: Oh no! Bother, I’m afraid it 1... .
Jane: Oh well, never mind. How was she?
Tina: OK physically but she had a 2... and forgot
I was coming. It’s happened a lot lately, I
think she might have 3... .
Jane: No, surely not. She’s very sensible, not
a bit like Aunt Mary. Do you remember
when she was 4... and kept her shoes in
the fridge?
Tina: I hope you’re right. Anyway, she’d made
us some fruit cake − here you are.
Jane: Cheers. It 5... visiting her on Sunday
afternoons − in the rain − and playing
Scrabble.
Tina: Mmm, it‘s delicious. When you open
the box and 6... , it 7... to the times when
I would sit in her cosy kitchen, waiting for
the cake to cool down.
Jane: Yeah, that must have been twenty years
ago but 8... .
you?
For me, it’s the smell of fish and chips or
rather the vinegar on them. When I get a
whiff of that smell it takes me straight back to
holidays by the sea and walking along eating
fish and chips out of newspaper, listening to
the waves crashing on the beach ...

THAT’S ENGLISH! 9
Memory lane
READING
1 Read the account of someone’s earliest memory.
What is your earliest memory?
My earliest memory is of me dancing with
my grandfather’s cat when I was about
three. I can still clearly remember the
music on the radio - Elvis Presley - and
my grandfather’s laughter as he watched
us. Music always brings back memories
of specific events, which is strange because
I’m not at all musical.
2a Read the text A trip down memory lane and
answer the questions.
1 What kind of text is it?
a a diary b a memoir c a short story
2 What impression do you get of Zoe’s
personality?
3 What kind of person does Rachel seem to be?
2b Read the text again. Are the sentences true (✔)
or false (✗)? Correct the false ones.
1 Zoe had been in the attic for ages.
2 Rachel was tired of waiting for Zoe.
3 Zoe had intended to look for the old
photographs of their grandfather’s farm.
4 Zoe is sure that the boy’s name was Jack.
5 Winning the prize at the flower show was
Zoe’s first real achievement.
6 Zoe’s parents and grandfather all realised
where her true abilities lay.
7 Rachel felt resentment towards her sister
when they were little.
2c Read the text again and answer the questions.
1 What kind of relationship did the sisters have
when they were children?
2 What difficulties did Zoe have with her parents?
10
A trip down
‘What on earth are you doing? Have you found it yet?’
Rachel’s impatient voice rudely interrupted Zoe’s
daydreaming and she put down the old photographs
she had been sorting through in the attic. ‘No, not yet ...
I was going to start looking and then I got distracted ...
Just remind me again. Is it a brown briefcase or a black
one?’
‘Honestly, Zoe, you’ve got a memory like a sieve! Please
try and concentrate. We haven’t got all day. I’m coming
up.’ Rachel stamped loudly on the attic ladder. ‘It’s
brown ... must be here somewhere,’ she muttered as
she moved things around. ‘Zoe! Are you going to give
me a hand or what?’
‘Oh yes, sorry. Look, I’ve just come across all these old
photos of grandad’s farm. It’s years since I saw them.
Look, here we both are riding Prince …’
‘Let me see. Yes, I was so excited ... and here we are
feeding the chickens. I can picture it so clearly, it feels
like yesterday,’ Rachel said. ‘Here’s one of us a bit later
with that boy who used to help out – do you remember?
We thought he was so handsome. What was his name?
My mind’s gone blank.’
‘Something beginning with J,’ Zoe suggested, trying to
jog her memory. ‘Joe ... no ... Jim?’
‘No, it’s on the tip of my tongue ... James ... no, it was
Jack! That’s it, Jack, if my memory serves me correctly.’
‘Poor Jack, he must have got tired of us following him
like a shadow!’ said Zoe while looking for more photos.
‘What’s this? Oh, it’s the cup I won in the flower show
for the tallest sunflower.’ Tears came into her eyes as
3 Why was her grandfather so important to Zoe
as a child?
4 How does Zoe feel now about her sister and
parents?
5 How do the sisters show they care for each
other at the end?
THAT’S ENGLISH!

memory lane
the memories came flooding back. She’d never won
anything before and she’d struggled at school, always
nearly bottom of the class. She had felt so proud that
day as she collected her prize. It brought back so many
memories of that special moment.
‘You know, Mum and Dad always tried to encourage me
to try harder but I knew they were secretly disappointed
with me. I was always letting them down, failing tests
or else doing really badly. Grandad advised me to
concentrate on doing practical things and he was right.
He never criticised me for not achieving at school like
you.’
‘Hey Zoe, I apologise for being the typical annoying
older sister back then. I never wanted people to
compare us, you know.’
‘It’s OK Rachel. I’m not accusing anyone of hurting me
deliberately. I don’t blame Mum and Dad for getting
frustrated, I wasn’t an easy child. I’m just glad we had
such wise grandparents.’
‘They were special.’ Rachel sighed. ‘It must be over 20
years since they died. Well, that was a real trip down
memory lane. Let’s not look for the briefcase now. I’m
starving! How about I take you out for lunch?’
‘I was about to suggest taking you out for lunch but if
you insist on paying ...’
‘Zoe, don’t push your luck!’ Rachel replied.
Zoe smiled, ‘That’s a relief – you’re back to normal.
I was worried there that you’d had a personality
transplant and become nice.’
TRACK 1
3a Match the expressions (1-7) to the meanings
(a-g).
1 my mind’s gone blank
2 to have a memory like a sieve
3 the memories come flooding back
THAT’S ENGLISH!
UNIT 1
4 it’s on the tip of my tongue
5 a trip down memory lane
6 if (my) memory serves (me) correctly
7 to jog someone’s memory
a I can almost remember the information I need
b to help someone remember
c to be generally forgetful
d I believe what I have recalled is right
e many recollections enter your mind all at once
f remembering happy events in the past
g I am suddenly unable to remember anything
about the subject
3b Complete the sentences with the correct form
of an expression from activity 3a.
1 What was the name of that great restaurant in
Lyons? Wait, ... . I know! It was Les Arbres.
2 When I met my cousin again after 20 years, we
chatted for hours as we took ... .
3 My first teacher was called Mrs Stonehouse,
... .
4 Yesterday I lost my keys and today I left my
bag at home − ... .
5 I couldn’t remember which house he lived in,
but Helen ... when she recalled the front door
was blue.
6 The scent of the lilacs reminded her of her
wedding day and ... .
7 Help me − what is that man’s name over there?
I know him but ... .
4 Answer the questions.
1 Do you have a good memory or have you got
a memory like a sieve?
When I was small, I had a memory like a
sieve. I was hopeless at remembering my
schoolbooks and homework, things like that.
I forgot to take my lunch nearly every day but
now I’m older and I try to be more organised.
I find making lists very useful ...
2 Can you recall seeing, hearing or smelling
something which made the memories come
flooding back?
3 When did you last take a trip down memory
lane? Who were you with and what did you
recall?
4 When you forget something, what are useful
ways to jog your memory?
5 Have you ever had an embarrassing experience
because your mind went blank?
11
Memory lane

LANGUAGE STUDY
1 Complete the sentences with the adjectives
from the box.
long-term vague fond haunting
retentive elusive short-term vivid
1 I have such … memories of where I spent my
childhood summers: I loved it. I can still recall
the sights and smells, even now the smell of
the sea brings back … memories.
2 My memories of that day are so … : no matter
how hard I try, I just can’t remember anything.
3 My … memory is superb: I remember the
street we lived on 20 years ago. Unfortunately,
my … memory is dreadful: I can’t remember
where I put my keys five minutes ago!
4 My mate Lizzie has a … memory: she
remembers absolutely everything!
5 He’s never been able to forget his first true love:
her … memory will be with him till he dies.
6 I’ve only got a … memory of what we did that
day: I can remember who was there, but I can’t
remember where we were.
2a Listen to a witness’ testimony about an incident
and answer the questions.
2 1 ‘Please, please, Susie; stop crying,’ said Ben.
1 Why did Mr Black object to Mr White’s apple tree?
2 What had Mr White offered to do about the
apple tree?
3 What had he refused to do?
4 What did Ms Green beg the men to stop doing?
5 What did Ms Green accuse Mr Black of trying
to do? Why?
6 Who does Ms Green blame and why?
2b Complete the table with the reporting verbs
from the box. Listen again and check.
2
persuade threaten blame warn insist
invite deny object complain encourage
2c Complete the summary of Ms Green’s account
of the incident with the missing prepositions
and the correct form of the verbs in brackets.
Mr Black objected 1to Mr White’s tree growing
over his fence. He said he’d often complained
2
... Mr White 3... it. Mr White told me he’d
offered 4... cut the branches but he refused 5...
cut it down. I begged them 6... stop arguing.
Then Mr Black got an axe and threatened
7
... cut the tree down. Mr Black did warn Mr
White 8... move away but instead he climbed
the tree and Mr Black started cutting it down.
I accused him 9... 10... (try) to injure Mr White,
but he denied 11... (do) anything wrong. Then
the police arrived and advised Mr Black 12...
stop and apologise 13... 14... (damage) the
tree, but Mr Black insisted 15... 16... (continue).
I blame Mr Black 17... being unreasonable.
I’d encouraged him 18... talk about it and I’d
invited them 19... come to dinner, but I couldn’t
persuade him 20... come.
3a What are the people doing? Match the sentences
(1-8) to the verbs.
beg
2 ‘I won’t lend you the money,’ said Uncle Sam.
3 ‘Nicola stole my husband,’ said Betty.
4 ‘I didn’t break the window,’ said Fred.
5 ‘It’s Harry’s fault we missed the train,’ said Mum.
6 ‘Try hard in the race,’ said my trainer.
7 ‘I’m going to tell Mum if you don’t do it,’ said
Elliot.
8 ‘Get to bed early before the exam,’ said Mrs
Day.
beg blame refuse deny
accuse threaten encourage advise

Verb pattern Verbs 3b Rewrite the sentences from activity 3a using

offer, refuse, reporting verbs.
verb + to
continue, 1…
1 Ben begged Susie to stop crying.
beg, advise, 2… 3…
verb + somebody + to 4
… 5… 4a Listen to a manager talking to an employee and
verb + -ing 6
… answer the questions.
3
verb + preposition + apologise for, 7… 1 How does the manager feel?
(something) /-ing 8
…
2 Why does he feel like this?
verb + somebody +
accuse sb of, 9…
preposition + -ing 4b Listen again and complete the sentences.
verb + to somebody + 10
… 3 1 Nick … send the sales figures.
about + -ing
2 David … finish the report.
Reporting verbs page 121
3 The secretaries … organise the meeting.

12 THAT’S ENGLISH!

4c What verbs and structures did the speakers use
to express past intention?
Past intentions page 121
5 Rewrite the sentences with the words in
brackets.
1 She meant to get him a present but the shops
had shut. (go)
She was going to get him a present but the
shops had shut.
2 We planned to install a new bathroom but we
ran out of money. (go)
3 He was ready to start his speech when all the
lights went off. (about)
4 They intended to tell their parents about the
engagement but her father became ill. (go)
5 Sorry about the mess – I wanted to clean up
but I overslept. (go)
6 It was almost time for the wedding ceremony
to begin. (about)
7 He had just picked up the brush to start
painting when the phone rang. (about)
6a Read the text. What are the experts’
recommendations for memorising information?
Use your head!
Everyone needs to memorise information for
exams; however, some methods are more
effective. Often, students study for hours
at a time but this is inadvisable. Experts
recommend frequent breaks or else you
won’t retain the information. Don’t rely on
reading your notes again and again or else
you’ll only recall a small percentage of them.
Instead, consider the connections between
ideas. If not/Otherwise, you’ll be unlikely to
express your ideas well in an exam. Above
all, eat healthily and get plenty of sleep. If
you don’t/Otherwise, you are unlikely to
achieve your potential.
THAT’S ENGLISH!
UNIT 1
6b Look at the text and complete the sentence.
Or else, otherwise and if not are used to
express ... .
1 reasons 2 negative consequences
Expressing consequence page 122
6c Complete the sentences with otherwise, or else,
or if not. More than one may be possible.
1 Put the milk in the fridge ... it will go bad.
2 We need to leave by 8:00 a.m. ... , we could
miss the plane.
3 She needs to start cooking now ... the food
won’t be ready in time.
4 You really must spend more time revising. ...
you ... , you’ll fail the exams.
5 He should give up junk food and start
exercising. ... , he’ll have serious health
problems.
6 It’s icy outside so be careful ... you’ll fall over.
7 Complete the gaps with a suitable form of the
verbs in brackets or an expression from the box.
if not to be about to or else
to jog someone’s memory
In 1920 in Berlin, a woman called Anna
Anderson, who 1... commit suicide, was
rescued. She refused 2... (speak) for several
years and seemed to have amnesia, although
doctors tried many methods 3... . She claimed
she was the Grand Duchess Anastasia, the
daughter of the Russian Czar, who was shot
and killed with all his family in 1918. She
stated that jewellery sewn into her clothes
had saved her; 4... , she would also have
been killed. She persuaded some Russian
aristocrats 5... (believe) her story and they
offered 6... (provide) her with money. However,
other members of the Royal Family denied
7
… (know) her and accused her of 8... (try) to
deceive them. For many years, no one was sure
of her identity: she may possibly have been a
missing Polish worker 9... an escaped mentally
ill patient. In the end, DNA testing proved she
was not related to the Russian Royal Family
but there is still a Facebook page that insists
on 10... (claim) she was a real Russian princess!
13
Memory lane
B Food for thought
DOCUMENTARY
1 What were your favourite foods as a child? Do
you still like them or have your tastes changed?
2 Watch the documentary and answer the
questions.
1 What inspired Naz to become a chef?
2 What was his favourite dish as a child?
3 What memory does he associate with that
dish?
4 Which two senses are most closely linked to
memory, according to Professor Spence?
5 Which sense is the most powerful of the two?
Why?
SAME LANGUAGE, DIFFERENT LIVES
3 What kind of events do people celebrate in their
country’s history?
a victory a defeat a battle
getting freedom the life of a national hero
a sporting event the birth of a famous person
4 Match the speakers (1-6) to the commemorative
events (a-e). More than one speaker may go
with each event.
1 3 5
2 4 6 freedom is.
a a period of quiet to remember those who died
in a major conflict
b a cultural celebration of a literary hero
c a celebration of gaining freedom from a
colonial power
14
d celebrating a victory over a faraway enemy
e remembering an important agreement
which brought peace and involves boating
competitions
THAT’S THE USA
5 Answer the questions.
1 What adjectives would you use to describe
New York City?
2 What kind of activities do you associate with
visiting New York City?
shopping sightseeing quiet reflection
cultural visits sporting events
appreciating nature
6 Watch the video and complete the sentences.
1 New York City, or ‘...’ as it’s often called, is one
of the most ... and recognisable cities in the
world.
2 NewYork has a population of roughly ... people
and attracts roughly ... visitors a year. The city
is made up of ... boroughs (districts).
3 My favourite memories are spending time with
my family, visiting ... and seeing my family’s ... .
4 The Charging Bull is a bronze statue by Arturo
di Modica. It celebrates the ... spirit of America
and New York ... .
5 The ‘... Absence’ Memorial here ... the people
who died when the World Trade Center was
attacked on September 11, 2001.
6 Well I think eh, first of all it makes us realise
how important and ... and ... sometimes our
7 The Freedom Tower is a ... building and a
magnificent symbol of ... , ... and liberty.
NOW YOU!
7 What’s your favourite national event?
My favourite national event which is
commemorated is ... It takes place in ... We
remember the time when ...
THAT’S ENGLISH!
 UNIT 1
SKILLS WORK
1a Which of these things help you best to recall past events? How and why?

1 music 2 smells 3 photographs 4 objects 5 tastes 6 talking to family and friends

1b Read the blog posts. Match the photos (1-4) to the posts (a-d).
1 2 3 4

Memories come flooding back ...

Yesterday, I decided to make some strawberry jam. I haven’t made any for years and I was
amazed when the smell of the cooking fruit made memories come flooding back of my
grandmother’s house in the summer. I can picture it so clearly. So, what smells or tastes trigger
vivid memories for you? Vivienne

a For me, it’s the fresh smell of clean laundry that has dried in the sun. That takes me back to summertime
playing in the garden with my brothers, running in and out of the clothes on the washing line. Then we’d help
Mum take it down and fold it. Nowadays I don’t have a garden so I use a tumble dryer. You can get some
detergent that’s meant to replicate that outdoor smell but it’s nothing like the real thing! Fiona T
b Last month I was on holiday on the coast and we bought some mackerel direct from the fisherman. The smell
and taste of that freshly caught fish when it’s cooked brings back so many memories of my childhood when
I used to go fishing with my grandfather. I persuaded him to teach me to fish, and we’d go out in the early
morning and enjoy watching the dawn sitting quietly in his boat. Then we used to make a fire on the beach
and cook the fish or else take it home to my granny − the taste was superb. It felt like yesterday eating that
fresh mackerel. The fish you buy in shops never tastes as good. Mikey
c In many towns now you’re not allowed to burn garden rubbish, but I love the autumnal scent of bonfires. It
reminds me of playing in the fallen leaves and throwing them around before we collected them for the
bonfire. Then, as it was getting dark, we’d start the bonfire and enjoy the strong smell from the thick smoke.
Afterwards, we’d go inside and sit by the fire and make toast. I felt so cosy and safe then, and when I smell a
bonfire it doesn’t feel that long ago. Keith A
d When I was small, we always went to the same seaside resort every year for our holidays. My mother always
TRACK 18

(online source)
bought a certain type of sun cream called Suntone. It had a distinctive smell of oranges. Last year, I bought
some and guess what − it still has the same scent! Suddenly I could picture it so clearly, being six years old,
eating vanilla ice cream on the beach, paddling in the shallow water, the waves breaking on the shore and the
seagulls crying high above. Why is it that childhood recollections are so vivid? Tessa35 TRACK 4

1c Read the blog posts again and answer the
questions.
1 Who associates a special smell with a close
relationship?
2 Who describes being transported back in time
to a particular age?
3 Which person enjoys recalling the feeling of
security they get from a certain smell?
3 Write a blog post (80-100 words) about a smell,
4 Who finds it difficult to recreate the special
scent from the past?
2a Listen to a radio interview. Which sense are
they discussing in relation to memory?
5
2b Listen again. Are the statements true (✔) or
false (✗)? Correct the false ones.
5
1 It was customary to learn words set to music
in the past.
2 Words learnt along with music aid recall.
3 Music evokes strong emotions connected to
the conscious mind.
4 Smell stimulates similar types of memory as
music.
5 Therapists can use music as an aid to treat
some mental disorders.
taste or piece of music that brings back special
memories for you.
When I was young, we always used to play in a
small park full of lilac trees near our apartment.
In the springtime, there was a beautiful smell
from the trees. When I smell lilac, I can picture
it so clearly − playing on the swings with my
friends in the sunshine ...

THAT’S ENGLISH! 15
Memory lane

SPEAKING
1a Listen to the beginning of Thea’s account. What 3a Thea uses certain strategies to make her
kind of speaking is it? anecdote memorable and engage the listener.
6 8 Listen to the whole anecdote again and
1 a formal speech complete the expressions.
2 a factual report
3 a personal anecdote Creating interest Did I 1… you about …?
in the story You 2… what 3… to me.
1b Which kind of information and speaking
style would you expect to hear in this type of It doesn’t feel 4… .
communication? Tick (✔) them. Reminiscing
I can 5… so clearly.
about the past
facts and figures first-hand experience It brings 6… memories.
formal style conversational style
academic subjects humour We 7… to do a trip.
Organising ideas
The plan 8… to leave
in chronological
2 Listen to the rest of Thea’s account. Choose the together.
order
correct answers. I 9… fly out.
7
1 Thea might have had problems during her trip
to Eastern Europe because … . That really was a 10… !
Commenting on
a she couldn’t go for the first week All’s 11… well.
the outcome
b communicating wasn’t easy at the time It all went 12…-shaped.
c her parents were upset
2 Thea … . 3b Add the expressions from the box to the table
a didn’t go to the final interview for her in activity 3a.
university project
b had a good flight to Budapest Talking about … that reminds me of the time I …
c was worried immediately on arrival in It feels just like yesterday.
Budapest Have you heard the story about ...?
3 Lucy … . Every cloud has a silver lining.
a hadn’t arranged to meet Thea
I can almost smell the scent.
b was at the same airport
I’ve got a story about that.
c was responsible for the mistake
Next time I’ll think twice!
4 Thea enjoyed herself … .
a while waiting for her friends
I was about to …
b while on her own
c only at the end of the trip 4a Thea also uses connectors to guide her listener
through the sequence of events. Choose the
9 correct options. Then, listen and check.
1 To begin with / In the end, we were planning
to do a train trip around Eastern Europe.
2 The thing is / Luckily, she’s not really one for
details or admin.
3 Anyway / Amazingly, the plan was to all leave
together after exams finished.
4 Luckily / Obviously, I tried phoning Lucy but
the reception seemed to be very bad.
5 In the end / Amazingly, I decided to go outside
the building and walk up the road.
6 Luckily / Actually, I found a hostel and got to
know a few other students.
7 Actually / To begin with, I had a really good
time.
Connectors for telling a story page 122

16 THAT’S ENGLISH!
 UNIT 1

4b Complete the anecdote with suitable connectors from activity 4a.

Did I ever tell you about the time I went to the

Grand Canyon with Al and Ruby? It feels just like
yesterday. Well, 1... Al hates being late and that
can be problematic. So we went to Arizona and
of course, we wanted the full Canyon Experience.
2
... , we all got along well but after a while we got
tired of Al always rushing us to the next thing.
3
... , we arrived at the hotel in the afternoon and
discovered there were free buses to go and see
the sun rise. 4... we were all keen to do that so Al
said he would wake us at 5:30 a.m. He brought
us coffee the next day while it was still dark. But
it wasn’t 5:30 a.m. at all, 5... it was 4:00 a.m.! Al what! 7... , there wasn’t one single other person
had decided we needed to leave early to beat the waiting! We were pretty annoyed with Al, I can tell
crowds. Well, we got up and made our way in the you! 8... we saw the funny side later after Al paid
darkness to the bus stop. We waited and waited for breakfast for us all. Every cloud has a silver
for nearly two hours. 6... the bus arrived and guess lining!

5a Intonation also helps maintain the listener’s attention. Listen to the sentences and underline
the word which is most stressed.
10
1 It doesn’t feel that long ago. 3 It feels just like yesterday.
2 I can picture it so clearly. 4 It brings back so many memories.

5b Listen again and repeat with the same stress and intonation.

10

Production: tell an anecdote about something that didn’t go

as planned
6a Think about a time when your plans didn’t work out. Look at the situations below and
complete the table with things that might have gone wrong.

Situations Things that might have gone wrong

a breakdown in communication argument, …
problems on a journey passport/luggage etc. stolen, food poisoning, …
a disappointing holiday weather, …
unexpected work problems computer crashed, …

6b Tell an anecdote about a time when your plans didn’t work out. Use one of the situations in
activity 6a or one of your own. Remember to:
• describe the original plans and say what went wrong
• use connectors and suitable expressions to create interest and reminisce about the past
• end with a comment on the outcome

Have you heard the story about what happened when I went skiing in Austria? We were
going to drive all the way at spring break as it was cheaper to go then. I can picture it so
clearly − the car was piled so high with bags and cases that I could hardly see to drive. To
begin with, the journey went well ...

THAT’S ENGLISH! 17
 Life-changing
UNIT
2 experiences
OBJECTIVES
• To share experiences
• To describe career experiences
A Learning from mistakes
BEFORE YOU WATCH
1 Complete the paragraph with the words in the box.
customers deliveries movements shopping
Logistics is organising the 1… of goods to
2
… . With the growth of online 3… effective
logistics is essential. However, co-ordinating
large numbers of 4… is not always an easy
job.There are lots of things that can go wrong.
WHILE YOU WATCH
2 Answer the questions.
1 According to Danny, what is Omar learning
from his new job?
2 What goes wrong with the delivery and how
does Omar fix the problem?
AFTER YOU WATCH
3 Are the statements true (✔) or false (✗)? Correct
the false ones.
1 The customer on the phone didn’t get her
delivery because a van broke down.
2 Omar makes the customer happy by promising
to pick up the delivery himself.
3 Omar has started organising new systems and
procedures at work.
4 His colleague is worried that they won’t be
able to take on any more work because they
don’t have enough vehicles.
5 Omar frees up an extra vehicle by sending an
empty van returning from a delivery to drop
off supplies.
18
4 Answer the questions.
1 Which two customers were going to be
affected by the mix-up?
2 What does Omar ask the first driver, Bill to do?
3 What does he ask Steve, the second driver to
do?
4 How does Omar’s boss show that he’s happy
with his work?
5 Read the extracts from the video and choose
the correct meaning of the expressions in bold.
1 Danny: You’ve certainly managed to broaden
your experience.
a learned to do a greater variety of things
b gained a deeper understanding of the world
2 Omar: Unfortunately we were understaffed.
a Our workers didn’t have the right skills.
b We didn’t have enough workers.
3 Omar: Don’t worry. We can sort this out.
a get these things taken away
b solve this problem
4 Omar: It’s not rocket science. It’s just staying
calm and working out solutions.
a You don’t need to be clever to do this.
b Scientists couldn’t do this kind of task.
6 Complete the sentences with an expression
from activity 5. Change the form as needed.
1 The cost of employing people has become so
high that many businesses are ... .
2 He’s always worked in the same field and
never done anything different. He needs to … .
3 I don’t understand why they’re having so
many difficulties with this, … .
4 It’s a difficult situation, but we need to find a
way to … .
NOW YOU!
7 Can you think of a time when you made a
mistake? What did you learn from it?
I once forwarded an email message to ...
THAT’S ENGLISH!
 STREET INTERVIEWS
8 The speakers below are going to tell us about an experience they had when they were younger
which has been useful to them in later life.
1 Which of the kinds of experiences do you think they might talk about?
being away from parents for the first time an accident or injury in childhood
recovering from a romantic break up having a difficult time at school
being in a foreign country observing how parents managed problems

Kristen Robert Nicole Glenn Jameeka Chelsi George

2 Watch the video. What experiences do the speakers mention? Did they mention any of your
choices?

9a Watch again. Which speakers … ?

1 talked about learning a practical skill (although they say they don’t use it much now)
2 talked about an experience that involved being away from home
3 learned from observing their parents’ experiences
4 talked about spiritual experience
5 talked about experiences where they hurt themselves physically

9b Watch again and complete the phrases.

Robert: White’s white, black’s black, right’s right 1… .

Nicole: I went to a sleep-away camp for the first time 2… .
Jameeka: Like see my mom 3… taking care of me and my brothers.
George: It gave me an immersion in the sense of 4… . I think it helped me 5… for people who
have a sense that they don’t belong and would like to.

ACTIVATE YOUR ENGLISH!
10a Complete the text about logistics with the
correct form of the phrasal verbs from the box.
free up take on pick up work out
drop off break down
Working in logistics isn’t simply about
organising when and where to 1… goods
and then 2… them … at the right place. There
are lots of other factors to take into account.
For example, in order to 3… the maximum
amount of work, you have to make sure your
vehicles are never empty, even on a return
trip. If a vehicle has a mechanical problem
and 4… , you will probably need to 5… a
whole new delivery schedule. You will have
to try and 6 … one of your working vehicles
so it can make the delivery and keep your
customer happy.
10b Complete the questions with the correct form of
the expression from activity 9b.
1 What kinds of difficult situations (or academic
subjects) did you really … with as a child?
2 Can you remember the first time you spent a
night away from home … ?
3 In what situations have you had the experience
of … ?
4 How can parents help their children ... for
those who suffer?
NOW YOU!
11 Answer the questions in 10b relating to your own
experience.Write one or two lines for each answer.
I’m dyslexic, so I really struggled with learning
to read and write as a child. Primary school
was awful, but the experience really taught
me to be determined and never give up.

THAT’S ENGLISH! 19
Life-changing experiences
READING
1 Have you experienced any of these activities
(1-6)? Describe them. Use the words from the
box to help you.
enjoyable pleasant unforgettable
painful emotional frightening
1 driving very fast
2 staying out all night
3 sleeping under the stars
4 getting lost
5 doing a parachute jump
6 giving birth
2a Read the introduction to an interview about a
life-changing experience. Why is it important
not to just focus on your academic performance
if you want to go to university?
2b Read the interview and decide if the statements
are true (✔) or false (✗). Correct the false ones.
1 The ayahuasca ceremony is aimed at spiritual
healing.
2 Kat went to the ceremony to ensure she stood
out from other university applicants.
3 Kat has always been enthusiastic about
mystical and spiritual events.
4 You mustn’t eat anything before taking part in
an ayahuasca ceremony.
5 The volcanic water tasted horrible, but Kat felt
better after drinking it.
6 You need to give a valid reason to be allowed
to participate in the ceremony.
7 Kat was alone with the shaman before the
ceremony.
8 The ceremony took place in silence.
3a What do you think happened to Kat next?
Discuss with a partner.
3b Listen to the end of the interview and complete
the summary with the words from the box.
13
dreadful unsettling harrowing
intense magical calming
Kat describes her experience as initially
being 1… . However, she felt 2… when
reliving her mistakes, an experience which
she describes as 3… . Nevertheless, Kat felt
the experience as a whole was 4… , though
at the same time 5… and 6… .
20
You did what?
First impressions count and never more so than
in the highly competitive world of university
admissions. Ensuring your CV stands out
from the rest is a must. Not only does your
academic profile need to be impressive, but so
too do your non-academic skills. So, how do
today’s candidates prepare for this challenging
world? Whilst many go for adrenaline-filled,
exhilarating, hair-raising experiences, such as
extreme sports, to show what they are capable
of, others are into more rewarding spiritual
experiences. Polly James talks to recent
Oxford graduate, Kat Trew, about taking part in
a traditional ayahuasca ceremony in Peru.
Polly: So what exactly does this ceremony
consist of?
Kat: Basically, it’s part of a self-healing
process. The idea is to help you understand
yourself better and heal the pain in your
life. Ayahuasca is a hallucinogenic plant,
which is actually illegal in many countries,
but some Amazonian tribes consider it to
be a potent medicine.
Polly: Sounds risky. Why did you do it?
Kat: Good question! I’ve often asked myself
the same thing. I needed something
attention-grabbing to put on my university
application form so that the selection
committee would remember me. And to
be honest, although I’ve always been very
sceptical about those kinds of mystical
experiences myself, I’m also an extremely
curious individual. So I decided to go
to a government-sponsored centre for
Westerners in Cuzco, Peru, and try it.
Polly: Sounds interesting! So what happened?
Kat: Well, when we started we’d already been
fasting for eight hours in preparation for
the experience − I hadn’t eaten or drunk
anything since I got off the plane.
Polly: Oh poor you! That can’t have been easy.
Kat: I didn’t have much of an appetite. Not
only was I apprehensive about what was
going to happen, but I was also suffering
from altitude sickness! Cuzco is 3,400
metres above sea level. The people from
the centre gave us volcanic water to drink
to help us detoxify our systems. It tasted
THAT’S ENGLISH!
 UNIT 2
awful but you had to drink as much as
possible − preferably until you vomited, 3c Match the words from activity 3b to the
which we all did! definitions (1-6).

Polly: No! You didn’t! That must have been
horrible.
Kat: Apparently it’s an important part of the
purging process. Afterwards, we all had a
private interview with a shaman. Some of
them only speak Quechua and you need
a translator but Leon, my shaman, spoke
Spanish and some English, too.
1 relaxing and peaceful
2 causing nervousness and confusion
3 very upsetting
4 great or extreme
5 extremely upsetting or frightening
6 mysterious and enjoyable
4a Complete the table with the highlighted
adjectives from Kat’s interview.

Thrilling Positive Negative

experiences experiences experiences
1
… intense dreadful
2
… calming harrowing
3
… magical unsettling
4
… unforgettable 7
…
emotional 8
…
pleasant
5
…
6
…

Polly: That was a stroke of luck!
Kat: Yes. He asked me what I wanted to find
out from the ceremony. I had to convince
him that I was serious and not simply
looking for a thrill. Finally, they gave us
the ayahuasca to drink. It’s very bitter and
absolutely horrible. I swallowed it and
lay down on my mat in the circle with the
others in my group, with my bucket next
to me.
4b Complete the sentences with a suitable word
from activity 4a.
1 There was a(n) … 100 metres drop off the path:
we’d have died if we’d fallen off.
2 I had a(n) … experience when I was little: I saw
fairies!
3 Working with street children was very … : I felt
I was making a difference.
4 The freezing cold water of the lake was … after
the sauna. I felt incredibly alive!
5 I found it … that I couldn’t speak to the women,
but I had to respect their culture.
6 My mother was ill and my father was depressed.
It was a(n) … time.
7 I find my new job really … : I’m learning
something new every day.

5 Complete the sentences so they are true for

you. Discuss your answers with a partner.
1 One of the most harrowing things I’ve ever
Polly: With your what next to you? experienced was …
Kat: Bucket. Remember what I said earlier … when my grandfather Poor you! That
about purging? Anyway, at first things died. I was alone with him must have
seemed calm enough. The shamans were … I still miss him terribly. been awful.
singing and I started to feel sleepy for the
first time since I’d arrived in Cuzco. But 2 I think the most rewarding experience of my
no sooner had I begun to relax than things life so far was when I …
started to get weird … 3 For me … is always an exhilarating experience
TRACK 12 because …

THAT’S ENGLISH! 21
Life-changing experiences
LANGUAGE STUDY
1a Match the phrases (1-8) to the uses (a-h).
1 so I woke up
2 have always worried
3 had hardly slept
4 had been sitting there all morning
5 ’s taking yoga
6 was sitting in the company reception area
7 seems to think relaxation
8 ’ve been trying to learn
a present perfect: started in the past and
continued up to now (or very recently)
b present perfect continuous: started in the
past and continues up to now/recently – with
emphasis on the continuity
c simple past: precise moment in the past
d past continuous: ongoing action which
happens around a precise past moment
e past perfect: happened before the past
moment we are talking about
f past perfect continuous: happened before
the past moment we are talking about – with
emphasis on the continuity
g present continuous: an action that is
happening now
h present simple: an action that is repeated or
usual – a habit or hobby
Past tenses page 123
22
1b Complete the text with the missing phrases
from activity 1a.
My first day at work
I 1… the night before. I was terrified of
oversleeping 2… every hour to check the time.
All my life I 3… about arriving late. Recently, I
4
… to relax more but my wife says she hasn’t
noticed much difference: she 5… classes at the
moment and 6… is the key to everything!
I got up at 6:00 a.m. and by 8:00 a.m. I 7…
waiting for my new boss. By the time the boss
arrived at midday, I 8… and was even more
nervous!
2a Match the sentences (1-6) with past modals to
the meanings (a-e). Use one of them twice.
1 His car isn’t here. He must have gone to work.
c
2 I don’t know where he is, but his car’s still here
so he can’t have left the office.
3 I can’t see his car but he might have come in
to work by bus this morning.
4 He should have told us he was leaving work
early.
5 He could have parked it in the employees’ car
park.
6 He shouldn’t have left the office without telling
us.
a It’s possible this happened.
b This definitely didn’t happen.
c This definitely happened.
d He did something and it would have been
better not to do it.
e He didn’t do something and it would have
been better if he had.
Past modals page 123
2b Kim has returned from holiday looking happy
and with an engagement ring. Rewrite the
sentences using a suitable past modal.
1 She definitely got engaged while she was away.
She must have got engaged while she was
away.
2 It’s not possible that she met someone special
so fast.
3 It would have been better if she hadn’t rushed
into it so quickly.
4 It’s possible that she’s found the man of her
dreams.
5 It’s possible she decided to wear a ring because
she was travelling alone.
6 It would have been better if you had gone with
her.
THAT’S ENGLISH!
 UNIT 2

3a Look at the examples of inversion and complete
the rule.
a Not only was I apprehensive about what was
going to happen, but I was also suffering from
altitude sickness!
b No sooner had I began to relax than things
started to get weird …
c Hardly had I met my boss when I realised we
weren’t going to get on.
The adverbials not only (but also), no sooner
(than) and hardly (when) are often used for
emphasis at the 1beginning / end of a sentence
and the subject and 2auxiliary / main verb are
inverted.
Inversion page 124
4a Look at the dialogues and choose the correct
answers.
1 A: I lay down with my bucket next to me.
B: With your what / when next to you?
2 A: I’m still waiting for my boss to pay me for
last month.
B: You’re still waiting for who / how to do
where / what for when / why?
3 A: I just spent €60,000 on my dream car!
B: You spent how much / how many?
4 A: I hated being at school.
B: Do / Did you?
5 A: She’s too inexperienced.
B: Is / Isn’t she?
Echo questions page 124

4b Complete the echo questions.

3b Rewrite the paragraph using the words in
brackets. Make any tense changes necessary. 1 A: And then she offered us €1,000!
B: She offered you … ?
Lost in the forest 2 A: So I invited him to stay with us.
B: You invited him to do … ?
3 A: I’m a famous chef and live in Tokyo.
B: You’re a famous … and you live … ?
4 A: I’m getting married! I’m going to be Mrs
Krestovozdvizhenskiy.
B: You’re going to be Mrs … ?
5 A: I love my new job!
B: …?
A: I wouldn’t want to do anything else.
B: …?

5a Listen to the echo questions from activity 4b

and complete the pronunciation rules with
14 words from the box. There is one extra word.
1
We were lost and tired and hungry (not
only). 2When we sat down to rest, it started to rising no strong falling
rain (no sooner). 3The moment we started to
build a shelter, we saw a light in the distance • Echo questions have a 1… intonation and 2…
(hardly). 4We could see a light and also hear stress on the wh-word.
voices (not only). 5But the instant we started • Other echo questions have a 3… intonation.
walking towards the light, it disappeared (no
sooner). 6Just as we were recovering from our Pronunciation Guide page 146
disappointment, the light reappeared behind
us (hardly). 5b Listen again and repeat paying attention to
stress and intonation.
14
1
Not only were we lost, but we were also tired
and hungry. No sooner …

THAT’S ENGLISH! 23
Life-changing experiences
B Out of this world experience
DOCUMENTARY
1a Dr Helen Sharman was the first British person in
space. Which things do you think she had to do
as part of her astronaut training?
learn spacecraft systems learn Russian
learn to use the stars as a map lose weight
learn to eat upside down weightless training
carry out experiments to do in space
1b Watch the documentary and check your answers.
2 Watch again and choose the correct option.
1 Helen had her anti-gravity training … .
a in an aircraft performing loops
b falling out of an aircraft
c in a depressurised aircraft
2 The journey to the space station took … .
a two and a half hours
b two days
c twenty-four hours
3 Because its automatic docking system wasn’t
working, Helen’s spacecraft … .
a missed the space station
b docked manually with difficulty
c crashed into the space station
4 Helen spent most of her time in space ... .
a doing experiments with nutrition
b adjusting to zero gravity
c doing experiments with plants
5 The experience of travelling in space made
Helen … .
a appreciate her friends and family
b worry about the Earth’s future
c realise how small our planet is
SAME LANGUAGE, DIFFERENT LIVES
3 How important are qualifications and experience
in your line of work?
4 Watch the video. In which culture(s) will you find
the following attitudes about qualifications?
1 Qualifications and experience are valued
equally by employers.
24
2 There is a high status attached to being a
‘self-made man’ who has succeeded through
efforts and experience alone.
3 It depends on the job. (two countries)
4 Qualifications are highly valued because they
give you status.
5 More people are going to university to get
qualifications, but employers actually value
skills and experience more.
6 There’s a lot of social pressure on young
people to get qualifications.
THAT’S THE USA
5a What do you know about the Harlem district of
New York City?
1 Which ethnic community would you associate
with this area?
2 What do you think a ‘brownstone’ is?
3 What kind of music was Harlem famous for in
the past? And today?
5b Watch the video and check your answers.
6 Watch again and complete the information.
a The first Harlem Renaissance happened in the
1920s and 30s thanks to 1… , 2… , 3… and the
4
… . The current Renaissance is the result of
high 5… .
b Hearing 1… performed live in Harlem is one
of the best 2… experiences you can have
in New York City. You can hear it in many
African-American 3… in the area.
c Denny Moe’s is an example of the close 1…
spirit of Harlem today. He raises money to
help children go to 2… .
NOW YOU!
7 If you could study for any qualification you
wanted to (with everything paid for!), what
would you choose and why?
That’s easy! I’d give everything else up and
study engineering. I ...
THAT’S ENGLISH!
 UNIT 2
SKILLS WORK
1 Some professions, like mountain guides or firefighters, are challenging as well as harrowing.
Do you think you could do these kinds of jobs? Why? What kind of people do these types of
jobs?
Absolutely! I always love a challenge, be it physical or mental, and even though it’s true
that these professions can be harrowing at times, they’re also tremendously rewarding …

2 Read a newspaper editorial about a climber who died on Everest. Why didn’t people do more
to help him?

Everest: the ultimate experience?

In May 2006 British mountaineer, David Sharp, lay dying of exhaustion and
hypothermia close to the main route to the summit of Mount Everest. It’s a
horrible way to die, but not uncommon in Everest’s death zone. At this height,
8,000 metres above sea level, the human body can’t function normally. You
can’t survive more than 48 hours, even with an oxygen tank, and one in every
ten climbers that reaches the summit never comes down again. Even so, it is
unsettling that of the 40 climbers who passed the dying Sharp, allegedly, not
one of them stopped to help him.
Climbing Mount Everest has become the ultimate thrill-seeking experience. ‘Commercial trekking companies
accept people on expeditions who don’t realise what a harrowing experience they can be and are physically
unprepared. We’re seeing rich businessmen and women who have been successful at everything they do
and now want a picture of themselves on the top of Everest,’ says Western guide Lou Hill. ‘When a group has
paid a large sum of money, it puts pressure on you to get to the summit and perhaps take risks.’
Certainly if any of the climbers who passed Sharp had stayed with him, they would have put their own
lives at risk and they almost definitely couldn’t have saved him, but nevertheless his death shocked the
mountaineering community.
Hill’s statements express the feelings of many: ‘What has happened that human life has become less
important than getting to the top of a mountain?’ TRACK 15

3 Read the text again and answer the questions. 4b Listen again and complete the table with Hall’s
and Boukreev’s skills and qualities.
1 Why is it physically difficult to reach the 16
summit of Everest? Rob Hall (Adventure Anatoli Boukreev
2 What are some effects of the commercialisation Consultants) (Mountain Madness)
of Everest? 1
An … experienced 2… extremely 7… ,
and a 3… 4… guide exceptionally 8… ,
4a Listen to an interview about the 1996 Mount
Everest disaster involving two trekking companies, He took the time to incredibly 9… ,
16 Adventure Consultants and Mountain Madness.
5
… and 6…
tough 10…
1 What were the two main causes of the tragedy?
2 Why did Anatoli Boukreev, the Mountain 4c Talk to a partner. Who do you think was the best
Madness guide, descend from the summit man for the job on that tragic day: Rob Hall or
before everyone else? Anatoli Boukreev?
3 Why did Jon Krakauer, the journalist, believe
this was a huge mistake? I can see why Boukreev was thought to be
lazy if he didn’t help clients enough with
things like … . But, …

THAT’S ENGLISH! 25
Life-changing experiences

WRITING
1 Complete the definition of a personal statement with the words from the box.

competition skills qualifications CV concise summary

A personal statement goes at the beginning of your 1… and is a short personal 2… aimed at prospective
12
employers: it should help you to stand out from the 3… . It should be 4… and pertinent and state what
5
… and 6… you have that make you perfect for the job.

2a Read Tim’s personal statement and answer the questions.

1 What kind of job is he looking for?

2 Underline the skills, experience and qualifications Tim has which are appropriate for the
kind of job he wants.

Personal statement: Tim Radley-Smith

A talented, dynamic mountain guide with strong leadership skills.

a Having gained my IFMGA certification* in 2005, my career path to

date has been with high-end trekking companies: first as a guide,
then as expedition leader and organiser in a consultative capacity.

b As well as being a driven, results-oriented professional, I am also extremely safety

conscious. I have a proven track record of leading successful expeditions in demanding
terrains. My tenacious and resilient approach inspires confidence and client satisfaction,
thus ensuring our clients the perfect once in a lifetime experience. Since being in
my present role, the number of returning clients has increased by 20%. In addition to
consistently exceeding personal targets, motivating my clients to excel and develop their
mountaineering skills is my constant goal. A large number of my clients go on to successfully
gain mountaineering qualifications or take part in sponsored expeditions teams.

c Now seeking the opportunity to take my career to the next level by using both my extensive
network of contacts and my entrepreneurial skills to help you grow your mountaineering
or exploring business.

*International Federation of Mountain Guides Association

2b Match the sections of a good personal statement (1-3) to the paragraphs (a-c) in Tim’s statement.

1 What you can offer to an employer: your personal qualities, skills and achievements.
2 Your career aims: what your professional ambitions are.
3 Who you are: your qualifications and industry experience.

Writing a personal statement

3a Look at the words and expressions in bold in Tim’s statement. Match them to the definitions.

1 in a role where you give advice to people in a consultative capacity

2 top companies, selling high-quality products and services
3 describes someone who doesn’t give up easily but keeps trying
4 lots of examples of times when something was done successfully
5 describes someone who recovers quickly after something goes wrong
6 the way someone moves forward and progresses in their chosen field of work
7 describes someone who is motivated by good results
8 describes someone who is determined to accomplish things and succeed

26 THAT’S ENGLISH!

3b Complete the table with the answers from
activity 3a.
Professional terms Personal attributes
3c Add these words and expressions to the table
in 3b.
meet/miss a deadline conscientious
innovative gain invaluable insight into
well-rounded pursue a career in practical
4a Read the sentences below. Pay attention to the
words in bold and complete the rules.
1 I’m good at rapport building and I have a lot of
experience in management.
Apart from being good at rapport building, I
also have a lot of experience in management.
2 I completed my degree in engineering and
then I became a professor at Oxford.
After completing my degree in engineering, I
became a professor at Oxford.
3 I graduated from Cambridge so I didn’t have
problems finding a good job.
Having graduated from Cambridge, I didn’t
have problems finding a good job.
4 I put my clients first and thereby I ensure they
have the best possible experience.
I put my clients first, thus ensuring they have
the best possible experience.
• We can sometimes avoid repeating a subject +
verb structure by using a verb in the 1… form
or having + 2… .
• We also use these forms after prepositions like
before, 3… , while, when or since, prepositional
phrases like in addition to, 4… and as well as
or adverbs like thereby or 5… .
-ing clauses page 124
4b Rewrite the clauses using the words in brackets.
1 I am highly motivated and driven, so I am not
afraid of challenges. (-ing)
2 I had gained some hands-on experience and
in this way I improved my prospects. (thus)
3 Before I started my degree course, I took a gap
year. (before + -ing)
4 I worked part-time and studied for my degree.
(while + -ing)
5 I studied programming at college so I have no
difficulty in working with computers. (-ing)
THAT’S ENGLISH!
UNIT 2
6 I want to gain insight and I want to make a
valuable contribution. (as well as + -ing)
7 I have a proven track record in my field and I
have also received two awards. (besides + -ing)
8 I never miss a deadline and so I have
maintained a reputation for excellence. (-ing)
9 I constantly exceed expectations and I always
strive for perfection. (in addition to + -ing)
5a Plan a personal statement for your CV for the
kind of job you do or would like to do. Make
notes under the following headings.
Who you are
Qualifications: have a degree/diploma in ... ,
graduated from … , a qualified …
Experience: have extensive/hands-on/valuable/
relevant/practical/first-hand experience of/in
developing/creating/selling/making ...
Your skills and personal qualities
have a good knowledge of … , have strong
leadership/networking/problem-solving/
communication skills, … being a detail/
results-oriented … , having a proven track record in
… , excel at …
What you could bring to the company/
your career goals
Seeking/looking for an opportunity to … could
make a valuable contribution to (your company’s)
… , would like to develop/use my … to …
5b Write a personal statement for your CV (150-200
words). Remember to include the following:
• your notes from activity 5a
• be specific about your achievements (give
examples)
• use structures with -ing to avoid repetition.
• finish with a specific example of what you
could bring to the job/the company
Personal statement: Zoe Swift
A prize-winning, professional racing
car driver with a proven track record in
international competitions.
Having obtained my driving licence in
2001, my career path to date has been with
prestigious, high-end racing companies:
first as a mechanic, then as a driver …
Writing Reference page 140
27
UNIT
3 Law and order
• To discuss different crimes and their possible

OBJECTIVES
punishment
• To agree and disagree about issues related
to law and order

A I spy with my little eye

BEFORE YOU WATCH 2 A former employee at Danny’s company was
suspected of stealing information.
1a What are white-collar crimes?
3 Danny passes on true information to Richard.
1 crimes committed by wealthy people 4 Danny’s reward is just the satisfaction of
2 non-violent crimes connected with financial having done the right thing.
dealings
5 Read the extracts and choose the option that
1b Which of these can be considered white-collar matches the meaning.
crimes? 1 Danny: Isn’t it white-collar crime?
bribery arson insider trading burglary a non-violent crime for financial gain
shoplifting selling information cybercrime b crimes committed by company executives
2 Karen: It’s a serious crime along with insider
trading.
WHILE YOU WATCH a the selling of stocks and shares by people
2 Answer the questions. with access to secret information
b selling stocks and shares to other people in
the same company
3 Danny: I don’t want to do time in jail.
a to visit someone in jail
b to be sent to prison
4 Danny: So, companies are really cracking
down on corruption.
1 Why doesn’t Danny agree to Richard’s proposal?
a searching for corruption
b dealing with illegal behaviour in a severe way

6 Use the correct form of the expressions in

activity 5 to complete the text.

In the past there was a more tolerant attitude to

2 What does Danny do to incriminate Richard?
AFTER YOU WATCH
3 Answer the questions.
1 What does Richard suggest to Danny as a way
to earn more money?
2 How does Danny react to the idea?
3 How does Richard’s opinion differ from Danny’s?
4 What does Karen point out about Richard’s
offer to Danny?
4 Are the sentences true (✔) or false (✗). Correct
the false ones.
1 Richard Ellison has been under suspicion before.
1
... such as fraud, as it was seen as less serious
since no individuals were harmed. However,
business can lose huge sums of money if new
product information is stolen due to industrial
espionage. Judges are 2... this kind of crime
with severe sentences. Recent cases of 3...
where corrupt employees have made millions
on the stock market have caused widespread
anger. The message from the courts is clear:
don’t make money dishonestly or you’ll 4... !
NOW YOU!
7 Do you think white-collar criminals should do
time in jail?
… criminals often end up in open … where
they have quite a lot of …

28 THAT’S ENGLISH!
 STREET INTERVIEWS
8 The speakers were asked the following question: Can crime ever be justified?
1 Which of these reasons do you think are the most common cause of people committing
crimes?
a psychological problems c greed e self-defence g mixing with wrong-doers
b bad parenting d poverty f drug addiction h being indoctrinated

Robert Glenn Chelsi Thierno Stephen George

2 Watch the video and see if any of the ideas are mentioned.

9a Which speakers mention ... ? There may be more than one for each item.

1 being in need of the basics of life could be a justification

2 protecting yourself and your loved ones
3 helping others is more important than keeping laws
4 killing can never be excused
5 being addicted is no excuse for theft

9b Listen to the speakers and complete the sentences.

Chelsi: Killing, murdering, that’s just crazy, 1... .

Thierno: 2... , it depends really because, if I’m shoplifting …
George: I feel 3... to break the law.

ACTIVATE YOUR ENGLISH!
10a Match the expressions from 9b (1-3) to the
meanings (a-c).
a it’s definitely acceptable
b that is too extreme
c it’s difficult to judge
10b Use the correct form of the expressions in
activities 5 and 9b to complete the sentences.
1 Examples of ... are cybercrime or insider trading.
2 People used to be executed for stealing a
sheep but we now think ... .
3 The Council’s new policies are ... pollution.
4 A jail sentence ... if a driver has endangered
other people’s lives by his driving.
5 ... is very unfair as ordinary people don’t have
the opportunity to make a profit on the stock
market.
6 ... is a possible outcome for committing
financial crimes.
7 When children give evidence in court ... to
know if it is harmful to them or not.
10c Complete the sentences so that they are true
for you.
1 I feel it’s more than justified to expect criminals
to ...
2 Punishments such as ... are over the top for ... ;
something like ... would be more appropriate.
3 In cases where it’s just someone’s word against
another person’s it’s a tricky one but ...
NOW YOU!
11 Do you think crime can ever be justified? Give
some examples.
Generally speaking, crime can’t be justified
but sometimes there are circumstances
which should be taken into account. Such
as if a family member assists a terminally
ill person to end their life as ... Each case
should be judged on the facts because in
some cases ...

THAT’S ENGLISH! 29
Law and order

READING
1 Answer the questions.
1 Do you think crime is increasing or falling? The mysterious case of
2 What kinds of crime might affect you where
you live? Has the type of crime in the area
changed over the years?
the falling crime figures
a Stop anyone in the street in Britain and ask them
2 Read the article and match the headings (1-8) to about the crime rate and the answer will invariably
the paragraphs (a-g). There is one extra heading.
be it is rising. But the strange thing is although that is
1 Not so easy pickings what probably should have happened, it actually
2 Hidden threat hasn’t. In fact, the crime rate has dropped steadily for
3 A new type of criminal 19 years and is now at its lowest for decades. Experts
4 More effort needed disagree about why and have proposed many theories
5 Dying out to explain this surprising phenomenon.
6 Up or down?
b Acquisitive crime (based on obtaining money, rather
7 Cultural changes
than acts of violence) such as burglary and car theft
8 Hands up! This is a robbery!
rose rapidly in the 1980s alongside a dramatic
3 Read the text again. What do these numbers increase in the use of heroin and unemployment. The
refer to? Home Office suggested last year heroin addicts were
responsible for 50% of crime from the early 80s to
1 670 million 3 51% 5 70s 7 32%
2005 but that since then, the majority of drug users
2 50% 4 2005 6 90s 8 47% have either died or recovered.
4 Answer the questions.
c Some researchers believe acquisitive crimes rise
1 Why does the author say that most people’s when the opportunity to commit them is facilitated
perception of the crime rate is incorrect? and decreases when there are better deterrents. In the
2 How did a rise in unemployment and drug use 70s, there was a huge rise in thefts from cars as music
affect non-violent crime in the 1980s? systems were widely installed, but by the late 90s
3 What link do some researchers believe exists such thefts were rare as car alarms became standard.
between opportunities to commit crimes and
preventative measures?
4 How has criminal behaviour in the young been
affected by cleaner energy sources for cars?
5 What effect has improved technology had on
young people’s lifestyles?
6 What action has the government taken to
combat electronic crime?
7 Why is deception in online games actually
more important than it may seem?
8 What conclusion does the author draw as
to whether the crime rate is increasing or
decreasing?
d However, other experts have offered a range of
5a Listen to someone talking about crime. Which theories such as the appealing idea that people are
of the crimes from the box does he talk about? becoming more civilised. Another intriguing idea
19
is that the removal of lead from petrol has reduced
fraud scams robbery phishing
antisocial behaviour in young people, as research
drug dealing cyber bullying car theft indicated that developing brains were especially
burglary harassment vulnerable to damage from lead. The fall in
vandalism and antisocial behaviour in teenagers is

30 THAT’S ENGLISH!
 UNIT 3

5b Listen again and complete the definitions of the

thought to be due to the rise in the use of
19
smartphones and computer gaming. Rather than
be on the streets causing trouble, young people
entertain themselves on social media.
e There is also a strong argument that traditional data
collection methods do not reflect the massive rise in
cybercrime, like Internet scams, online fraud, or
harassment. Senior police believe that 51% of the
population have been affected and yet only 32% had
reported it. Cybercrime is thought to generate more
money than drug dealing and at least £670 million was
stolen online last year. However, officials agree that as
5c Complete the sentences with a suitable word
many cases are never reported, the true cost is probably
massively greater. Subsequently, the government is
devoting more resources to fighting cybercrime and
publicising Action Fraud (the UK fraud centre) as 47% of
victims didn’t know where to report online crime.
crimes the speaker mentions.
1 A plan to trick someone out of money is a ... .
2 Sending false emails or making fake calls
pretending to be from someone’s bank to trick
them is ... .
3 Breaking into a person’s home to steal is ... .
4 Selling illegal substances to be consumed is
... .
5 Upsetting someone by repeatedly contacting
or following them is ... .
6 Threatening and scaring someone online is
... .
from activity 5b.
1 ... can be prevented by good window locks
and a security alarm.
2 Many teenagers are vulnerable to ... as they
spend so much time using social media.
3 Sal Grey’s former boyfriend was charged with
... after he phoned her a hundred times a day.
4 Don’t ever transfer money in response to an
email from your bank as it’s probably ... .
5 There are very strict punishments for ... in
many countries where the substances are
grown.
6 He was fooled into investing money in a ...
which promised him a high rate of interest.

6 Think about your answers to the questions and

discuss them with a partner.
f So, are these cybercriminals traditional lawbreakers
or a new breed of digital natives? It seems that the 1 How can young people be protected from
Internet provides endless opportunities to ordinary cyber bullying?
people to abuse others. There have been cases where
people on dating sites have been tricked out of their I think it’s essential for us to educate and
warn children about the dangers of the
savings by their online ‘partners’ who are simply Internet before they are teenagers. Once
sophisticated scammers. Interestingly, recent research they become teenagers they often refuse
shows that people who commit cybercrime often begin to listen, but younger children are more ...
by cheating in online role-playing games. Although
stealing gold in computer games seems trivial, it has
been shown to lead to more serious crimes. 2 What can we do to protect ourselves from
online crime like phishing?
g So, is the crime rate really falling? Some new trends,
such as encouraging terrorism online, have been When it comes to phishing the first thing
we need to do is question if the source is
addressed vigorously but other e-crimes have still not
real or not. Often the language used in
been dealt with effectively. Until modern crime phishing repeats from one email to the
(online source)

developments are accurately reported and prevented, next. If we have any doubts we should ...
that question cannot be answered.
TRACK 18

THAT’S ENGLISH! 31
Law and order
LANGUAGE STUDY
1 Choose the correct verb form: active or passive.
Multimillion pound robbery in
London’s diamond centre
Eight men 1have charged / have been charged
with robbing London’s diamond centre. The men
2 3b Listen again and choose the correct word to
had arrested / had been arrested on Tuesday after
raids at their homes. Most of the missing jewellery
3
found / was found at various houses in London.
CCTV images 4released / were released of six
suspects who 5saw / were seen entering the building
over the weekend. The thieves 6were filming / were
filmed dressed as workmen. The police 7criticised
/ were criticised for not answering a call that the
alarm 8had triggered / had been triggered. Chief
inspector Bowes 9had announced / had been
announced a reward of £20,000 for information
as he emphasised the gang 10must find / must be
found.
Gerald Foster (one of the victims) said, ‘Many of us
11
have lost / have been lost a lot of money. It 12could
have prevented / could have been prevented
easily, and consequently security measures 13are
increasing / are being increased. The building
14
guards / is guarded 24/7 now. Over £250,000 15will
spend / will be spent on the project. The changes
16
will have completed / will have been completed
by next week and hopefully, we 17will never suffer /
will be suffered such a robbery again.’ The suspects
18
are to release / are to be released on bail today,
and one informant, who 19was to have rewarded /
was to have been rewarded, 20is looking / is being
Future continuous and future perfect page 125
looked for by the police after it was discovered
he was actually part of the gang. The police are
confident he 21will catch / will be caught.
Passive voice and reporting verbs page 125
2 Rewrite the text in the passive using the
reporting verbs in bold.
The police believe Jim Mack is on the run
in Ireland. The police know he committed
several bank robberies. Insiders think his
extended family help him. Experts estimate
he’s stolen over £1 million.The police expect
him to disguise his appearance. Many believe
he is too clever to be caught. Many say he’s
hidden a fortune in gold in Ireland. Journalists
understand he’s bribed police officers to
protect him.
Jim Mack is believed to be on the run in Ireland.
He’s known …
32
3a Listen to the discussion. What is the relationship
between the people?
20
1 friends
2 colleagues
3 lecturer and students
complete the definitions.
20
1 Domestic abuse / manslaughter is when
someone attacks their partner.
2 Intimidation / assault is hitting or hurting
someone physically.
3 Accidental murder is called manslaughter /
assault.
4 A small offence that involves little money and
no physical harm is a(n) petty crime / assault.
5 Stealing from a store is called shoplifting /
petty crime.
6 Using someone’s creative property
without paying is copyright infringement /
manslaughter.
7 Scaring someone by threatening them is
assault / intimidation.
8 Manslaughter / assassination refers to killing
a prominent person for political reasons.
4a Complete the text about types of punishment
with the words from the box.
life sentence on probation prison sentence
fined death penalty on parole
suspended sentence community service
A punishment to fit the crime
Punishments have come a long way since
the bad old days when people were given
the 1... for stealing sheep! For petty crime,
a first offender is often 2... some money or
given 3... e.g. picking up litter for 100 hours,
or the offender is put 4... when they are
supervised by a professional who helps them
stay out of trouble. Judges try to avoid jail, so
sometimes the offender receives a 5... . If they
don’t commit a crime for a fixed period, they
remain free; but if they break the law again,
they go to prison. For more serious crimes,
an offender receives a 6... for a length of time
but if they behave well, they may be released
early 7... . Again, if they re-offend, they return
to jail. The worst crimes result in a 8... : this is
a minimum of 20 years but can be extended
by a judge.
THAT’S ENGLISH!
 UNIT 3

4b Complete the sentences with the correct 5 There ... (be) a law against using noisy
expression from activity 4a. headphones on public transport.
6 The sentence the judge gave was far too lenient.
1 Offenders get help to find a job and a home
The criminal ... (have got) a life sentence.
when they are put ... .
Should and ought to (present and past) page 125
2 If you receive a ... , you must be very careful
not to commit the smallest offence.
3 Businesses can be ... huge amounts of money 7 Complete the text with the correct form of the
for some crimes. verbs in brackets or words from the box.
4 After 10 years in jail and an excellent record,
Bob was released ... . intimidation should have petty crime
5 ‘This is the fourth time you’ve appeared here. copyright infringement drug dealing scam
I have no alternative but to give you a ...,’ said
the judge.
6 Many European countries have abolished the
... . http://www.freedomcity_files.com/

7 Being convicted of murder usually means

getting a ... . Freedom CITY FILES
8 ... is a good way to get offenders to help people HOME MUSIC films SUPPORT
where they live.

!
5 Listen to the words and mark the stress. Then,
listen again and repeat.
21
1 infringement 6 manslaughter
2 harassment 7 community service
3 cyber bullying 8 on probation This website is unavailable.
4 intimidation 9 suspended sentence If you are the website owner, please contact your
website administrator for further details.
5 assassination 10 death penalty
Pronunciation Guide page 145

Cybercrime mastermind caught

6 Complete the sentences with the correct form
of the verbs in brackets and should (have) or
ought (have).
1 Yesterday I told a lie to my parents. Today I feel
ashamed. I ... to … (not lie).
2 Stealing a car was one of the things he … (not
do) when he was young.
3 The government ... to ... (act) sooner on
improving online security.
4 We ... to … (leave) now because otherwise
we’ll miss the verdict.
Benno Sweitz 1... (arrest) by Vietnamese police,
reports our correspondent Vi Nguyen. Sweitz
2
... (know) to be one of the main directors of the
infamous file-sharing website Freedom City Files.
Originally from Austria, Sweitz began with a career
of 3... such as stealing from cars before he became
involved with addicts and 4... (convict) of 5... in 2001.
Since then, he abandoned those bad habits and
became involved with an investment scheme which
promised huge rewards to investors. Journalist
Marco Blum was investigating as it 6... (believe) to
be a 7... after investors reported they could no longer
contact Sweitz. Blum reported receiving death
threats and other incidents of 8... from Sweitz. ‘I 9...
reported it to the police but I was too afraid,’ he said.
Sweitz then moved to Asia in 2006 and the website
10
... (set up) to allow users to share large amounts
of data, such as films. Before it was closed down
over 2 million films 11... (download). Many support
the idea of freely sharing information but artists
and musicians are very critical.‘12... is just another
form of theft. If no one pays for creative work, then
eventually there will be no new films or music,’
said a spokesperson of the Musicians Union.

THAT’S ENGLISH! 33
Law and order
B Putting things right
DOCUMENTARY
1 Do you think the victims of crime get enough
help from the justice system?
2 Match the phrases (1-4) to the definitions (a-d).
1 restorative justice 3 gobsmacked (informal)
2 beneficial outcomes 4 a sicko (informal)
a helpful results
b a psychologically unhealthy person
c a legal system that emphasises helping victims
of crime
d very shocked
3 Watch the documentary and answer the
questions.
1 Why was restorative justice introduced?
2 How does the system help victims of crime?
3 Why isn’t it compulsory for offenders to take
part?
4 What surprising reaction did Viv have when
she met the burglar in her house?
5 What positive result does taking part in
restorative justice have for criminals?
SAME LANGUAGE, DIFFERENT LIVES
4 Do you think there are too many laws or
regulations governing our lives? Are there any
new laws you would like to introduce?
5 Match the speakers (1-6) to the laws (a-f) they
find unfair and would like to change.
1 3 5 University.
2 4 6
34
a different minimum pay levels for young people
b permitting individuals to possess and use
firearms with little control
c a heavy fine for using swearwords or offensive
language
d discrimination against those in same sex
relationships
e permitting former offenders to serve in parliament
f giving more rights to one partner than another
if an unmarried couple split up
THAT’S THE USA
6 Boston is famous for the Boston Tea Party in
1773. Why did the demonstrators throw the tea
into the sea?
1 They had been cheated with poor quality tea.
2 They were protesting against taxes on tea
imposed by the British rulers.
3 They wanted to limit tea imports to push
prices up.
7 Watch the video of the tour of Boston and
decide if the statements are true (✔) or false (✗).
Correct the false ones.
1 The Sons of Liberty rebelled against a
repressive colonial power.
2 Law and order in Boston emphasises building
good relationships between the public and the
police.
3 The police have succeeded in convincing most
people in the city that they are a positive force.
4 Beacon Hill is a deprived area of the city.
5 Boston is very close to the world-famous Yale
6 For strong athletes it is easier to balance the
boat in the Boston Charles Regatta.
NOW YOU!
8 What laws do you consider unfair and how
would you change them?
Many laws connected with ... are unfair
because ... I’d like to see changes such as ...
THAT’S ENGLISH!
 UNIT 3
SKILLS WORK
1 Which of the following do you think are requirements to own a gun in your country?
1 having a licence 3 passing a psychological test
2 passing a shooting test 4 attending shooting classes

2 Read the text. In general, does the writer have a positive, negative or neutral attitude to
Japan’s gun policy?

Totally under control

Most people would agree that people like to try something
new when on holiday and the Japanese are no exception
when visiting the popular destination of Hawaii. Even so, it
seems strange that The Hawaiian Shooting Club’s website
is primarily in Japanese and many of the instructors speak
fluent Japanese. The relaxed gun laws in the USA tempt
Japanese tourists to try something forbidden in their own
country: holding a gun. Even grasping a handgun is illegal
in Japan, let alone firing one!
Japan and the USA are virtual opposites when it comes
to firearm issues. Hardly anyone in Japan owns a gun
whilst there are 300 million firearms in the USA − one for
every single person. Japan introduced a law in 1958 that
states ‘no person shall possess a firearm’, and it’s surely
no coincidence that it now has the second-lowest murder
rate in the world. Most types of guns are illegal and there
are lengthy procedures to get a gun licence, which are
designed to deter anyone trying. Applicants have to attend
classes, pass a written test and a shooting test, have a
psychological and drug test and a full security check. Only
then will a licence be issued. After that, the gun and bullets
must be locked up separately and checked by the police
every year. Even Japanese criminal gangs are said to rarely
bother with gun crime.
All these measures seem to be worth it when the gun-related
homicide figures of the countries are compared. In 2008,
the USA had over 12,000 deaths from gun crime whereas
Japan suffered only 11, but that was an unusually high
figure as some years it is as low as two!
Clearly, Japan and the USA are very dissimilar in many
other ways, and especially in attitudes to law and order.
Japan is a generally peaceful country and the people readily
cooperate with police operations while Americans value the
freedom to defend themselves and prevent the creation of

(online source)
a police state. However, as the world looks sadly on at mass
shootings in the USA, the question must be asked: is ‘the
right to bear arms’ as stated in the American Constitution
still really relevant today? TRACK 22

3 Read the text again. What is the significance of these numbers in the article?
a1 b2 c 12,000 d 11 e 1958 f 300 million

4 According to the text, are the statements true (✔) or false (✗)? Correct the false ones.
1 Visitors to Hawaii from Japan are attracted to try something very unusual.
2 The gun controls in Japan are so strict that gun crime is unknown.
3 Japanese society is more accepting of authority than the USA.

5a Listen to the speakers (1-4) replying to the question ‘How strict is gun control in your country?’
Complete the first column of the table according to their answers.
23
Speaker / Relaxed or strict Details on gun ownership
country gun controls Age Licence Psychological test Other
1 Brazil strict 25 2 (to own and to carry) yes toy guns banned
2 Italy Doesn’t say
3 Switzerland
4 Britain

5b Listen again and complete the details on gun ownership.

23
6 Does gun ownership make society safer or not? Write a blog post (80-100 words) giving your views.

I totally disagree that gun ownership makes society safer because if you look at other countries like ...

THAT’S ENGLISH! 35
Law and order
SPEAKING
1 Look at the pictures of crimes below and divide
them into serious and minor offences. Discuss
your reasons with a partner.
1 3
dropping litter dangerous driving
2 4
computer hacking shoplifting
Well, personally I think all of them should
be classed as serious offences. They’re
all anti-social and have a negative effect
on everybody. But the one I hate most is
dangerous driving because …
Really? Well, I’m not sure I agree with
you. I don’t think dropping litter in the
street or shoplifting can be regarded as
serious offences. When I was younger …
2a Listen to the beginning of a conversation
between Wendy and Mike. Which of the crimes
24 in activity 1 are they talking about?
2b Listen again and complete the sentences.
24 1 I agree ... you there. It’s absolutely terrible!
2 Huh! I totally disagree … him on that!
3 I disagree … criminalising people with no
previous record.
4 I’m sorry, I’ll have to disagree … that issue!
5 Yes, of course I agree … he deserves a serious
punishment.
6 Yes, I totally agree … that.
7 I don’t want us to argue even if we disagree …
the other stuff, OK?
8 Yes, they do. At last we’ve agreed … something.
2c Match the structures to their meanings.
1 agree/disagree with someone
2 agree/disagree with something
36
3 agree on something
4 agree/disagree on/about/over something
a reach an understanding about a particular issue
b think that it is (not) OK
c have the same/a different opinion on a given subject
d have the same/a different opinion as
Agreeing and disagreeing page 126
3 Choose the correct word in the sentences.
1 Matt disagreed on / with / that downloading
music for free but Paul thought it was fine.
2 She liked Richard but she disagreed on /
about / with him about the court sentence.
3 After several hours in the jury room, they
finally agreed on / about / with a verdict.
4 I agree about / that / with judges should avoid
sending first offenders to prison.
5 Her boss agreed about / that / with her that
they needed better computer security.
6 They disagreed with / that / over which team
had played the best.
4a Listen to part two of the conversation and
complete the expressions.
25
1 Mike: So ... I. 4 Wendy: I ... agree more.
2 Mike: ... do ... . 5 Mike: I’m ... you ... that.
3 Mike: Me ... .
4b Listen again. Do the expressions above
show: partial agreement (a), agreement (b) or
25 disagreement (c)?
5a Listen to part three of the conversation. What
are they talking about now?
26
5b Listen again and complete the table with the
sentences.
26
Partial agreement
Partial disagreement
Strong disagreement
1 That’s absolute rubbish!
2 I agree with you up to a point but …
3 I can’t go along with you there.
4 Nonsense!
5 I don’t really see it like that myself.
6 I know what you mean but …
7 Well, that’s one way of looking at things.
8 It’s true, I’m telling you!
9 You must be joking!
THAT’S ENGLISH!
 UNIT 3

Interaction: discuss suitable punishments for a crime

6a Read the crime stories (1-3) and match them to the court sentences you think were given (a-c).

1 Cyberbully in court 2 Bride stole from employer

Mia Jarvis, 19, was found guilty of posting more
than 500 abusive messages about a fellow
student, Zara Norton, on social media. Ms
Norton told the court that the posts had caused
her great distress and she was now receiving
medical help. She had given up her college
course as a result of the abuse and felt unable to
leave the house alone.
to fund wedding
Michaela Durrant, 27, abused her position
of trust at work and stole more than
£250,000 over three years to pay for a
luxury wedding. She successfully hid the
information in false paperwork and even
invited her bosses to the wedding. The
judge told Durrant she had betrayed the
trust of her employers.

3 Charged with manslaughter

Tony Fellowes, 34, was originally charged with assault after he was said to have stabbed Kevin
Moran in an argument. The injury was not life-threatening, but Mr Moran belonged to a religious
group that prohibited blood transfusions. As a result, he refused blood and died a day later. Fellowes
was then charged with manslaughter.

Court sentences:
a six years in prison
b two years suspended sentence and fined £5,000
c 200 hours of community service
6b Now listen and check.

27
7 Choose one of the cases in activity 6a to discuss with a partner. Do you agree with the judge’s
decision? Why? Why not? Use expressions from activities 2b, 4a and 5b to help you. Structure
your interaction according to the flow chart below. Then, swap roles.

A Ask B what they think A Express partial agreement or

about the punishment disagreement and reasons for it. I
that the criminal actually agree with you up to a point but … /
got. What’s your reaction I don’t really see it like that myself
to that case in the news because ...
about ...? / Have you read
about the case of …?
A Express strong disagreement and
reasons for it. That’s absolute
rubbish!

B Express your opinion and

the reasons for it. Oh, the B Express strong disagreement and
one where …? I couldn’t reasons for it. I can’t go along with
agree more as I feel ... you there. That’s no excuse …

THAT’S ENGLISH! 37
UNIT
4 Regrets … I have a few

OBJECTIVES
• To talk about wishes and regrets
• To learn about different ways of showing
condolence

A No regrets
BEFORE YOU WATCH 4 Cats give Julia … .
a a cough and headaches
1 Do you agree with the following statements?
b sneezing fits and a rash
Why/why not?
5 Aunt Flora took offence because Julia asked
1 I regret wasting opportunities I had when I her to … .
was younger. a give away her cats
2 I don’t regret anything I’ve done. b put the cats outside
3 I regret things I haven’t done more than things 6 Julia makes up with Aunt Flora … .
I have done.
a because of what Anthony says about his
grandfather
WHILE YOU WATCH b because Bridget asks her to
2 Answer the questions.
4 Are the statements true (✔) or false (✗)? Correct
the false ones.
1 Bridget is sad that Julia didn’t spend much
time with Aunt Flora before she died.
2 Julia is sad that Aunt Flora had so few friends.
3 Julia wishes she had had the time and the
money to travel on the Orient Express.
4 Aunt Flora has had a happy life.
1 Why did Julia and her Aunt Flora fall out? 5 Aunt Flora leaves Bridget enough money for a
trip on the Orient Express.
6 Anthony doesn’t admire Aunt Flora.

5 Complete the extracts from the video with the

correct form of regret and the verb in brackets.
Bridget: I really 1… (do) that. I felt ill for days!
Anthony: I really 2… (not have) made the effort
to visit him.
2 What does Aunt Flora want Julia to do and why? Bridget: It’s much nicer to have good
memories instead of 3… the bad
AFTER YOU WATCH ones.
Aunt Flora: I hope that, like me, you 4… never …
3 Choose the correct answer. a thing!
1 Anthony brings … . Anthony: If you don’t, you 5… (live) to … it.
a a box of things Julia wants to throw out
b a box of things Bridget is going to sell NOW YOU!
2 If she had room, Bridget would keep … . 6 What advice (concerning things to do and not
a the roller-skates do) would you give about living a life without
b the head-massager regrets?
3 Julia says that if she gets rid of the cat ... . It’s really easy to do or … things you might
a she will regret it later … when you’re …. . So if possible,
b she won’t regret it avoid it, …

38 THAT’S ENGLISH!
 STREET INTERVIEWS
7a The eight speakers below were asked the following question: Are you the kind of person who
regrets things or do you believe that what’s done is done?
1 Do you think the majority were philosophical in their answers or do they admit to having regrets?
2 Watch and check your answer.

Kristen Glenn Chelsi Victor David Nicholas George Borislav

7b Which speakers … ?

1 repeat the question, or part of it, in their answer

2 admit to having feelings of regret even if they don’t believe they are a good thing
3 talk about how thinking in a certain way helps them move on and feel better
4 mention learning from mistakes
5 think that regret is the worst of feelings

8 Watch again and complete the sentences with three words in each gap.
Chelsi: You might feel bad about it but you 1… .
David: Part of the healing process is thinking 2… .
David: What’s done is done and you need to 3… it.
Nicholas: If a decision’s been made, then 4… . No regrets.
George: It’s better for the soul and the psyche to 5… .
George: I often have to work hard to 6… of the day.

ACTIVATE YOUR ENGLISH!
9a Complete the text about regret with the correct
form of the phrasal verbs from the box.
make up with get rid of
take offence throw out fall out
One of the things my father most regrets
is 1… with his sister when they were in
their teens. Their original quarrel was
about the stupidest thing. My aunt 2… my
father’s collection of model aeroplanes
by accident! My father accused her of 3…
them on purpose because she was always
complaining about them. My aunt 4… at
being called a liar and they didn’t really
speak to each other for years. They only 5…
each other at their father’s funeral, which
made them realise how important and
precious family relationships are.
9b Match the first part of the pieces of advice (1-5)
about overcoming regret to the second part
(a-e). Fill in the gaps with words from activity 8.
1 Part of the process of overcoming regret
2 Don’t keep worrying about all you have and
haven’t done:
3 You can’t live in the past,
4 Don’t doubt yourself.
5 Learn to let go of
a just let things d… .
b you have to m … on
c the l … of the day.
d Stand b... your decisions.
e is adapting the right m… .
NOW YOU!
10 Are you the kind of person who regrets things
or do you believe that what’s done is done?
Even though I’ve got some big … in my life,
I tend to spend less time … about the … as I
grow … .

THAT’S ENGLISH! 39
Regrets … I have a few

READING
1a Match the photos (1-3) to the death rituals from 3 Read the whole text. What are Jessica Mitford’s
different cultures (a-c). main criticisms of the American funeral industry?
1 2

The American Way of Death

Jessica Mitford
The American Way of Death is a fascinating
3 and, considering the subject, surprisingly
funny piece of investigative journalism
which provoked a scandal in the American
funeral industry when it was first published
in 1963. The author, J. Mitford, was a British
aristocrat who became a communist and
went to live in the USA. She was shocked that
a embalming the dead in Ancient Egypt
undertaking – burying the dead and organising
funerals – seemed to be such big business in
b sky burial in Tibet
her new home country. She observed how
c turning the bones in Madagascar
undertakers took advantage of the shock
1b Complete the notes with the words from the and grief of the families of the deceased, e.g.
box. Listen and check. by putting pressure on them to choose the
29
embalmed bury remains soul most expensive funeral arrangements, and
next life crypt decided that the whole industry needed to be
investigated.
➜ Ancient Egyptians
The average cost of an American funeral today
> 1… or mummified the dead.
> also prepared food and objects for the 2… . is around $7,800, which makes it, after a house
and a car, one of the most expensive purchases
➜ Tibetan Buddhists
> believe the 3… leaves the body when you die. most Americans ever make. Whilst feelings
> don’t 4… bodies: cut them up and take to mountain – of guilt and regret are part of the mourning
eaten by vultures. process, people regret not having done more
> 5… are broken down by weather.
for the dead person when they were still alive
➜ Madagascan ritual famadihana : families and often subconsciously believe that if only
> take the bones of dead relatives out of the family 6…
> spray with wine or perfume and dance with them.
they had done something differently, perhaps
the person would have lived longer or been
1c Complete the definitions with the words from happier. What fascinated Mitford was how
the box in activity 1b. professional undertakers convinced people
that spending lots of money on the dead
1 To … something is to put it in the ground and
cover it with earth. demonstrated how much they loved them. The
2 A … is a building in which the bones or bodies range and choice of luxurious coffins – known
of dead people are kept. as caskets in American English – available in
3 When a body is … , it is preserved so that the expensive materials such as marble, bronze
person looks as much as possible as they did and ebony with silk and satin linings is only
when they were alive.
the beginning. The tradition of open casket
4 … are what is left of your body after you die.
funerals where people can see the body of the
5 The … is the human essence or spirit.
dead person makes necessary the expensive
6 The … refers to life after death.
business of embalming.
2 Read the title and the first paragraph of the text.
What kind of text is it?

40 THAT’S ENGLISH!

Buccaneer Books, 1963
Mitford’s ‘exquisitely disgusting’ chapter on
embalming was nearly cut by her editors, but
it is probably the most fascinating in the book.
The corpse must, of course, be made to look as
good as possible. The blood is replaced with
a mixture of preservative chemicals and dyes,
the teeth are cleaned with nail polish and
make-up is used on the face and hands. Mitford
recorded many examples of the so-called grief
counsellors or grief therapists in the corporate
funeral home chains persuading families that
embalming is better for public health or that
viewing the embalmed body is therapeutic.
Since other practices such as cremation are
much cheaper, the funeral homes have tried
to discredit them and even lied to families by
claiming that they are illegal.
By exposing the worst dishonest practices of
the funeral industry, Mitford’s book obliged
the government to make new laws to protect
the public. The cost of her own simple funeral
was $533.33. At her request, her body was
cremated – she didn’t want a grave – and
the ashes scattered in the ocean. Also at her
request, the bill was sent to the director of
one of the biggest corporate funeral home
chains, but he never paid it.
TRACK 30
THAT’S ENGLISH!
UNIT 4
4 Read the text again and answer the questions.
1 Considering her background, why do you
think Jessica Mitford was so against treating
funerals as a business?
2 What practices did undertakers employ at that
time to persuade people to spend a lot?
3 What made the coffins so expensive?
4 What arguments did the undertakers use to
encourage embalming?
5 What effect did Mitford’s book have on the
funeral industry?
5 Find the words in bold in the article for these
definitions.
1 a dead body corpse
2 a ceremony when someone has died
3 the burning of a dead body
4 boxes in which you put a dead body
5 the place where a dead body is put under the
ground
6 people whose job it is to organise funerals
7 a feeling of great sadness
8 the process of feeling sad after someone has died
9 a word to refer to the person who has died
6 Complete Siobhan’s account of funerals in
Ireland with suitable words from activities 1b
and 5 in the correct form.
People tend to look forward to 1… in Ireland since
we see them as an opportunity to celebrate the life
of the 2… and not just be sad. Traditionally, the 3…
is laid out in the home the night before and family
and friends stay there all night 4… and crying. The
next day, the 5… collect the body and, if the family
is religious, there is a funeral mass. In the past,
everyone used to follow the 6… with the body in it to
the side of the 7… and watch as it was 8… . However,
now more people are choosing to be 9… because it’s
more environmentally friendly. After that, there’s a
party with food, drink, music and dancing where
people tell funny anecdotes about the person.
7 Discuss the questions.
1 What is on your bucket list (things to do before
you die)?
I have an exceptionally long bucket list,
so I’d better get started soon! Anyway,
my bucket list includes doing at least one
extreme sport, maybe paragliding … but
just the once, definitely not twice!
2 What are funerals like in your country?
3 How would you like your life to be celebrated?
4 What kind of funeral would you like?
41
Regrets … I have a few

LANGUAGE STUDY
1a Look at the example sentences. Which ones:

1 describe regrets related to finished events in

the past?
2 describe wishes related to the present or an
ongoing situation?
a I seem to work all the time. I wish I didn’t have
so much to do.
b I wish I’d spent more time with him while he
was still alive.
c He finds ageing difficult: he wishes he was/
were younger and stronger.
d I don’t mind looking after my father − if only
he didn't complain so much.
e If only my friends could see me now.
f I don’t miss him much. If only we hadn’t had
such a terrible relationship.
I wish and If only page 127
1b Choose the correct answers to complete the rules.
Present − to talk about wishes related to ongoing
situations, use:
• I wish/If only + 1present simple / past simple
Past − to talk about regrets related to past
time, use:
• I wish/If only + 2had / have + past participle
2 Complete what James and Emma think about
their relationship. Use the correct form of the
verbs in brackets.
James
7 I wish I … about her cooking so much. (not
complain)
8 If only we … more time together. (spend)
9 I wish my mother … with us. (not move in)
Emma
10 If only I … kinder to his mother. (be)
11 I wish I … to cook. (learn)
12 If only I … more and … less. (listen / talk)
3a Read the sentences and choose the correct
answers to complete the rules.
regret + having + past participle
They regret not having done more for him when
he was still alive.
regret + -ing
I regret spending so much time with him: he was
so horrible to me.
• Both structures refer to 1past / present events,
but the second one feels 2less / more immediate.
Expressing regret page 127

3b Complete the top five regrets of the dying with

the expressions from the box.

not having let not expressing

working not having been missing
not staying in touch not having tried

An Australian nurse, Bronnie

James Ware, who spent a lot of
1 I wish she … so much. (not talk) time with people at the end
2 If only she ... cook! (can) of their lives, recorded the
3 If only she ... better … my mother. (get on things they most regretted.
with) 1 Many people regretted …
brave enough to follow
Emma
their dreams and … to do what they really
4 I wish we … more to talk about. (have) wanted.
5 If only his mother … with us! (not live) 2 Many of the men regretted … so hard and
6 If only he … so much time at work. (not spend) … time with their families.

42 THAT’S ENGLISH!

3 Many regretted … their true feelings. They
regretted the things they never said.
4 Most people regretted … with old friends.
5 Lots of people regretted simply … themselves
be happier: they finally realised happiness is
a choice.
3c Complete the sentences so that they are true
for you.
1 I regret not having taken up running sooner
because it helps me relax. I wish I didn’t worry
so much.
2 I regret having …
3 I wish I didn’t/hadn’t …
4 I sometimes I think, if only I was …
4a Read the text about expressing condolences
in English. Are the traditions similar in your
country?
When a person dies, it’s hard to know what to
say to the bereaved. It’s not easy to comfort
a grieving person, so it’s tempting not to. But
when someone’s lost a loved one, it’s good to
show support, and there are many expressions
you can use when someone passes away.
The custom in the UK and the USA is to send
condolence cards with sympathy messages
such as ‘Our deepest condolences to you on
the passing of (name of the deceased)’, or
‘Please accept our heartfelt sympathies for
your loss’. ‘We are thinking of you at this sad/
difficult time’ is another common message.
4b Match the words in bold in activity 4a to the
definitions.
1 a phrasal verb and noun which are synonyms
for die and death
2 two ways to refer to the dead person
3 the name for the people who are mourning a
dead person
4 another word for mourning
5 what people send in the UK and the USA when
someone has died
6 what you should do for someone who has lost
someone they love
7 the noun form of to lose
8 good wishes ‘from the heart’ you send to
show your support
4c Complete the dialogues with the correct form of
the words in activity 4a.
A: Mr Parsons 1… in his sleep last night.
THAT’S ENGLISH!
UNIT 4
B: I’m so sorry to hear that. Please pass on our
2
… to Mrs Parsons. Is there anything we can
do to 3… ? We’ll send a 4… of course.
C: Is that the 5… over there?
A: Yes. That’s the widow of the 6… .
C: Someone should visit her every day. When
you’re 7… you shouldn’t be alone. People
mourning the 8… of a loved one need lots of
support.
5a Listen to two versions of the condolences.
Which sounds more sincere: version 1 or 2?
31
1 Please accept our heartfelt sympathies for
your loss.
2 We are thinking of you at this difficult time.
3 I’m so sorry to hear about your loss.
5b Listen to the sincere version again and ... .
32 1 underline the most heavily stressed word(s) in
each sentence
2 notice if the intonation goes up ➚ or down ➘ at
the end of the phrase
3 listen and repeat. Copy the word stress and
intonation
Pronunciation Guide page 145
6a Listen and say what bad news the four speakers
are giving.
33
1 sacking someone 3…
2… 4…
6b Listen again and use one or two words to
complete the expressions for giving bad news.
33
1 I … to … you that we … require your services.
2 I am … to have to tell you that your application
has been … this time.
3 … we have to let you know your rental contract
will not be renewed.
4 It is … that we have to inform our customers
that the store will be closing.
7 Work with a partner. Choose one of the
situations from the box and give each other bad
news. Use a variety of expressions.
you haven’t won the lottery after all
the concert’s been cancelled
your request for a bank loan is denied
you haven’t got the promotion
I regret to …
You mean …
43
Regrets … I have a few

B Saving the Earth

DOCUMENTARY SAME LANGUAGE, DIFFERENT LIVES
1a Complete the definitions about the survival of 3 Which decisions made by your government do
animal species with the words below. most people regret in your country?

4 Watch the video and answer the questions.

climate cut down deforestation
destroyed dominate environment fur
grow habitat hunting invasive
patterns poaching species
1 … change is the alteration in weather ... due to
human activity.
2 … destruction is when the places where
animals live or plants ... are ... .
3 … species are foreign animals or plants that
have been introduced into an ... and begin to
attack or ... the ... that already live there.
4 … is the illegal ... and killing of animals often
for their ... or horns.
5 … is when forests are ... and destroyed.
1b Watch the documentary. What ‘success story’ is
mentioned?
2 Watch again. Complete each sentence with a
statistic from box A and a phrase from box B.
A 4 Both the settlers and the Native Indians … .
half 10,000 more than half
97% one million
B past 40 years go extinct single year
wildflower meadows next 100 years
1 Scientists predict that we will lose … of all
species on Earth in the ... .
2 The number of extinctions has accelerated to
as many as … in a ... .
3 The number of mammals, birds and fish has
declined by ... in the ... .
4 At the current rate, for every … species on
Earth every year, we expect 73 species to … .
5 Over the last 60 years in the UK, we’ve lost …
of our ancient ... .
1 What two different regrets do people express
with regard to immigration? Which countries
do the speakers come from?
2 In which two countries is the regret the
speakers expressed linked with money and
economics? How are their concerns different?
3 Which speaker talks about shame as well as
regret?
4 In which culture is the question of language a
cause for regret? Why?
THAT’S THE USA
5a You are going to watch a video about Virginia,
the first state in America to be settled by
Europeans. Tick the kind of problems you think
the first settlers had.
food supplies water supplies hot weather
disease Native Americans wild animals
5b Watch the video and check your answers.
6 Watch again and choose the correct answer.
1 Jamestown was founded in … .
a 1610 b 1607
2 The early colonists had problems with … .
a bad food b diseases
3 The climate was … than in England.
a hotter and wetter b more extreme
a committed war crimes which both sides still
regret
b felt uncomfortable about having to fight
5 Glassblowing became an important industry
in Jamestown because … .
a there was a high demand
b there was enough fuel and resources
NOW YOU!
7 Comment on something that you regret about
what’s happened in the world over the last 20
years.
I regret how much everybody …

44 THAT’S ENGLISH!
 UNIT 4
SKILLS WORK
1 Read the quote about regrets. Do you agree that regrets about things you didn’t do are the
‘
‘
worst? What things do you regret not doing?
Twenty years from now you will be more disappointed by the things that you
didn’t do than by the ones you did do. So throw off the bowlines*. Sail away from
the safe harbour. Catch the trade winds in your sails. Explore. Dream. Discover.
*ropes Mark Twain

2a Listen to three people talking about their biggest regret. Complete the speakers’ regrets.

34
Rock musician, Systems analyst, Retired fashion
Nashville, Glasgow, designer, Osaka,
USA. Earle Scotland. Maeve Japan. Emi
Petersson (59) Bethune (32) Sakamoto (68)

1 Earle’s biggest regret is … 2 Maeve regrets … 3 Emi regrets …

2b Listen again and decide if the statements are true (✔) or false (✗). Correct the false ones.

34 1 Many of the specific regrets Earle mentions are related to people and relationships.
2 Earle regrets having lived such a wild life.
3 Maeve wishes she had listened to other people’s advice.
4 Maeve feels she has lost her freedom.
5 What Emi regrets happened a long time ago.
6 Emi was frightened of the girl’s scruffy appearance.

3a Read the text. What do you think the main message is?

1 We can’t avoid regrets, so we must just accept them.

2 You can only avoid regret by being true to yourself and even then you will make mistakes.
3 You can use your regrets to help you change your life.

How to live a
life without regret
According to web-based research
company Happify, regret is the second
most commonly expressed emotion after
love. It is obviously a powerful negative
force in our lives so, can we learn to be
more successful in avoiding it?
As far as the big practical decisions
in life are concerned – job, money,
house –, Happify’s research showed that
accepting a job which doesn’t interest
or satisfy you just for the money is a
universal cause for regret. Furthermore,
25% of people who take the big financial
step of buying their own homes suffer
from ‘buyer’s remorse’. ‘Follow your
heart, don’t follow the money’ seems
to be the lesson here. Most researchers
conclude that people are more satisfied
at the end of their lives if they have
lived a way that feels meaningful to
them and not based on the expectations
of others.
Be warned, however. Happify researchers
say that it is impossible to avoid regret
entirely since it is inevitable that, as
humans, we will make mistakes. On the
positive side, they rank regret as the
most beneficial of 12 negative emotions
including anger, guilt, fear and sadness.
Regret can help us make sense of past
experiences and avoid making similar
mistakes in the future. Because we regret
things more when it is still possible to
change the situation or put things right
(rather than rationalise them), it is also
a powerful agent of change. Their advice
is that we shouldn’t try to avoid regrets
but, on the contrary, welcome them,
learn from them, and act on them.
TRACK 35

3b Read the article again and find what the numbers and figures refer to.

a 12 b 2nd c¼

4 Think about some of your personal regrets that might serve as learning experiences. Discuss
them with a partner.

When I was a teenager, I had a huge argument with my best friend and we’ve never spoken
since. Really it was mainly my fault we argued, but I was just too proud to apologise.
Stupid really. But at least I’ve learned my lesson since then and now …

THAT’S ENGLISH! 45
Regrets … I have a few

WRITING
1 Discuss the questions about apologising.
1 Do you find it difficult to apologise even if you
know you’re in the wrong? Why?
2 Can you think of an occasion where you had to
apologise to someone? Why? What happened?

2a Read the two emails and answer the questions.

1 Why is Jack apologising to Nigel? What happened?

2 How does Jack justify his behaviour? What
reason does he give for thinking it was OK to
invite Camilla to the party?
3 Which email is the least formal in style?
Email 1

Dear Nigel
I am writing to you in the hope that we can put
this misunderstanding about Camilla behind us.
Please let’s try and resolve the problem since I
never intended to hurt anyone. I realise that my
behaviour was possibly insensitive and I owe
you an apology. I thought that you had got over
Camilla — although admittedly this is probably
because this is what I wanted to believe — and I
didn’t realise that you would be so upset when I
asked her to come to the party with me. Looking
back now, it seems incredible that I could have
been so unaware of your feelings, but nevertheless
this is true. It wasn’t a proper date; neither of us
took it seriously. Despite what other people might
have said, I haven’t been out with her since. You can
ask Camilla herself if you don’t believe me.
I am most truly sorry and I hope you will be able to
forgive me for my thoughtless behaviour. I really
value our friendship and I would hate to lose it
because of what happened.
Yours
Jack
Email 2
Dear Nigel
Sorry I haven’t been in touch, but I decided to
drop you a line and see if we can make up after
the incident with Camilla. I hope we can sort
out this mess. I really wish I hadn’t invited her
to that party. Perhaps I was a bit tactless, but
the thing is, I just didn’t realise that you were
still so into her. On the other hand, maybe
that’s what I wanted to believe. So, I admit I
should have realised how you felt, but I just
didn’t. In reality, it wasn’t a proper date. We
just went to one party together. I haven’t seen
her since and we are not going out.
Anyway, I’m really sorry if you think I was
out of order. Hope we can catch up soon and
talk. Our friendship means a lot to me, as you
know.
Cheers
Jack

2b Read the text again and find ... .

1 three expressions of apology in email 1 and two expressions in email 2

2 two phrasal verbs used in both emails which mean:
a to make friends again b to forget about something bad that happened in the past
3 two examples where the writer has omitted the subject pronoun in email 2
Omitting the subject pronoun page 127

3a Find informal expressions in email 2 that mean the same as these expressions from email 1.

1 although admittedly 6 I am most truly sorry.

2 I really value our friendship.
3 Forgive me for my thoughtless behaviour.
4 put this misunderstanding behind us
5 I am writing to you
7 My behaviour was possibly insensitive.
8 Please let’s try and resolve the problem.
9 I thought that you had got over Camilla.
10 it seems incredible that I could have been
so unaware of your feelings

46 THAT’S ENGLISH!
 UNIT 4

3b Complete the expressions for informal emails with words from the box.

all going sorry things touch thinking up note get

Beginning Dear + name Hi/Hello (+ name)

How’s it … ? How are you? How are 2… ?
1

I thought I’d get in 3… to …

Opening phrases
I was 4… of you the other day and this is just a quick 5… to …
I’m 6… I haven’t been in touch for a while.
Anyway, that’s 7… for now. I hope we can 8… together soon.
Closing phrases
I hope we can catch 9… soon.
Ending Bye for now. Speak/Talk soon. Very best. Cheers.

4a Look at the four connectors highlighted in email 2. Which one ... ?

1 is a synonym for ‘in fact’

2 is an informal expression for introducing an explanation or excuse
3 is often used at the beginning of the sentence to change the subject
4 is used to introduce a contrast with/change of direction from what has gone before

4b Link the pairs of ideas using the connectors.

1 that wasn’t what happened / people say that I treated her badly (in reality)
2 I think it was inevitable / given the circumstances / it’s terribly sad that it had to end like this
(nevertheless)
3 it wasn’t entirely my fault / I deeply regret what happened (on the other hand)
4 because I thought it might upset you / Freddie wants to go out with me / I didn’t tell you
before (the thing is) Connectors of contrast page 128

Writing an informal email of apology

5a You are going to write an email of apology to a friend. Complete the table.

Event to apologise for Describe what happened Reasons to justify your behaviour
I said some terrible
things to my friend.

5b Make notes using the headings.

• Give your reason for writing and say what you hope the
outcome will be: I am writing/getting in touch because … I
hope we can …
• Say what you regret doing or what you regret that happened:
I wish (If only) I had/hadn’t … / I regret having …
• Explain or justify what happened: The thing is … I didn’t
realise …
• Admit you were in the wrong: but admittedly this is no
excuse … I should have realised …
• Apologise: Awfully/Really/Terribly sorry for/about … I owe
you an apology … Please accept my apologies
• End by expressing your hopes for the future: Hope we’ll be
able to …

6 Write your email (160-180 words). Use your notes from activity 5b. Remember to include:
• expressions for
apologising Hi Dave,
• expressions of regret I’m getting in touch to apologise for my atrocious
• connectors of contrast behaviour last Saturday night at Cindy’s party. Writing Reference page 141

THAT’S ENGLISH! 47
 OBJECTIVES
Revision 1 • To review the contents of units 1-4

LANGUAGE REVISION
1 Complete the text with the correct tense of the 2 Don’t forget your notebook or else you’ll get
verbs in brackets. Use past forms: past simple, into trouble in class. (otherwise)
past continuous, past perfect, perfect modal 3 We had only just got home when the storm
and past passive. Sometimes more than one started. (hardly)
tense is possible.
4 I didn’t realise he was upset, so I ignored
him. (if only)
5 He’s sorry he cheated in the exam yesterday.
(regrets)
6 They’ll give a prize of €200 to the best entry
for the competition. (given)
7 I’m sorry that I didn’t take the job. (wish)
8 As soon as he sees a mistake, he has to make
a comment. (no sooner)
9 Someone has stolen the bench in the park.
(been)
Jackson Telford 1… (nickname) ‘The Leopard’ 10 I’m sorry but you haven’t obtained a grant
for your research. (tell)
because he was so fast at making getaways
from the scene of his crimes. He 2… (know) 4 Match the verbs from the box to the statements.
for his connections with organised crime Then, use those verbs to turn the statements
in Boston. On the evening of August 23rd into reported speech.
1995, he 3… (just return) to his hometown,
Portland, as a birthday surprise for his apologise accuse beg threaten
brother and 4… (spend) the evening out with deny persuade refuse complain
their friends in the town.
It was 2:15 in the morning. In the Sunset 1 ‘Please let me borrow your car!’ he said to me.
Bar in Portland, the bartender, Sulley Toms, He persuaded me to lend him my car.
5
… (think) about closing for the night. Most
2 ‘You were the one that took the money!’ he
customers 6… (go) home; there were only two
said to her.
people who 7… (sit) at the bar. Toms 8… (go)
into the back room of the bar and 9… (clear) up 3 ‘I’m sorry I haven’t replied to the invitation,’ he
there when, suddenly, two men 10… (enter) the said to them.
bar, shot the two customers and 11… (leave) 4 ‘I won’t leave the shop until I get a refund!’
quickly. A neighbour, Karen Sykes, who 12… 5 ‘I certainly never told John the password.’
(hear) the shots, looked out of the window. 6 ‘I’ll call the police if the youths don’t leave.’
It was dark, so she 13… (not can see) very
7 ‘I can’t stand the pollution in the city,’ he said
well who they were, but in an identification to me.
parade later she pointed out Telford and his
brother Terry. Thanks to her evidence, the two 8 ‘Please reconsider your decision,’ he said to
men 14… (arrest). After a short trial, they 15… her.
(sentence) to life imprisonment.
5 Complete the echo questions.
1 A: We had a party on Thursday.
2 Mark the stress on the words. Listen and check.
B: You had a party when?
36 1 intimidation 3 sentence 5 acquisitive 2 A: I went to Wycombe last week.
2 infringement 4 manslaughter 6 cybercrime B: You went … last week?
3 A: She didn’t enjoy the concert at all.
3 Write a sentence that has a similar meaning to
the first. Use the words in brackets. B: …?
4 A: He’s got a Porsche and earns $1,000 an hour.
1 He was going to jump the red light when he
B: He’s got a … and earns … an hour?
noticed the police car. (about)
5 A: My brother’s just won the lottery!
He was about to jump the red light when he
noticed the police car. B: …?

48 THAT’S ENGLISH!
 Revision 1

6 A: They were talking to Bill about elephants. 8 Complete the texts with the words from the box.
B: …?
disappointing embalmed encouraging
7 A: She’s been off work for a week.
innovative petty retentive rewarding
B: …? short-term unsettling weird
6 Complete the sentences with a preposition or
particle. A
1 He’s always felt a deep resentment … his Jason King, who has a history of 1... crime
younger brother. offences, such as shoplifting and vandalism,
2 My uncle passed … last year after a long illness. was discovered yesterday with a carefully 2...
3 She insisted … taking me out for lunch. corpse in his garage. Police think that this 3...
4 My girlfriend blamed me … all her problems. find came from a museum. However, efforts
5 To begin … , we should make a list. to trace the origin of the mummy have
proved 4... as no one has reported the loss.
6 He’d like to pursue a career … medicine.
His neighbour, Mrs Green, said, ‘This is most
7 He’s out of prison now, but still … parole for
six months.
5
... . Who wants a dead body next door?’
8 I can’t remember his name, but it’s … the tip
of my tongue! B
9 I’m sorry, I can’t go … with that idea. I don’t
Working with the elderly can be very 6...
agree.
especially when the carers can improve their
10 I’ll go to the bank and we can catch … later in
the restaurant. skills at the same time. 7... methods, which are
new to this profession, are being tried out in
11 The manager was accused … stealing from
the company. a number of clinics and have had 8... results.
12 The police charged him … car theft. Techniques designed to help those who have
9
... memory loss also help the therapists to
7 Use a word from column A with a word from improve their 10... memory when studying for
column B to complete the sentences. professional reasons.
A B
1 attention- a dealing 9 Choose the correct option.
2 bucket b grabbing
1 The Celts often buried / entered their dead in
3 death c list
special places.
4 drug d one
2 You forgot your book again! You really have
5 hair- e penalty a memory like a blank / sieve.
6 loved f raising 3 He won the race, thereby / besides becoming
7 suspended g record the youngest ever champion.
8 track h sentence 4 I’m sure this email about donating to an
Indian charity is a scam / theft. They want
1 Writing a book is on my … of things to do money sent to an account in Colombia.
before I die. 5 I have to write all my engagements down in
2 She was lucky to get a … , so she didn’t have a memoir / diary or else I’m sure to forget
to go to prison. something.
3 Jumping off a skyscraper was certainly … . 6 He was accused of murder / manslaughter
Everybody is talking about you now! for killing two people in a traffic accident.
4 Swimming with sharks was a truly … 7 I can never remember names. I’ll need you to
experience. I’ve never been so scared! jog / remind my memory at the party.
5 There are some states in the USA that apply 8 When I die, I want my rests / remains to be
the … for convicted murderers. cremated.
6 He hasn’t got a very good … at work. He often 9 She’s wearing black because she’s in
misses deadlines. bereaving / mourning for her father.
7 Coping with losing a … is always difficult. 10 The woman was released / committed
8 He was arrested for … after selling heroin to without charges when they found the real
his classmates. criminal.

THAT’S ENGLISH! 49
Revision 1

SKILLS WORK
1a What memories do you have of a person who has passed away? Tick (✔) the things you remember.

1 their personality 3 their habits 5 activities you did together

2 their clothes 4 their features 6 their death

1b Read the text. In which paragraph(s) (1-3) can you find reference to the memories from activity 1a?

My grandparents lived just up the street from us and

My grandfather had extraordinary eyebrows. Thick
and bushy. I remember his blue eyes twinkling at me
from under the scary growth. I am still reminded of
his laugh, punctuated by a regular cough as he was a
heavy smoker, when we watch the old comedy movies
that he loved. When I was a small child, he used to
blow smoke out of his nostrils and tell me that smoke
was coming out of his ears as well. And I believed him!
His unforgettable habit of drinking tea at all hours of
the day has been passed down from generation to
generation, so I always have a cup to hand. This makes
me wonder what other vices I have inherited!
it was my grandfather’s job to take me back and forth
from school, which he did on the back of his motorbike.
It was always an exhilarating ride and I felt so important
arriving on a roaring machine at the gate. I have vivid
memories of going to the market with him in the
afternoons where he would catch up with his mates
from the days when he ran a market stall selling pots,
pans, potato peelers and a myriad of useful household
gadgets. He’d sit me on the edge of a table and I’d
listen eagerly to the tales of wartime and escapades of
his youth. Even today, the bustle and noise of a street
market triggers memories of his huge figure, dressed in
the same grey overcoat and cloth cap, striding along
holding my hand and making me feel loved and secure.
Many years on, I got a phone call to say he was being
rushed to hospital after a heart attack, but I arrived too
late to say my goodbyes. He passed away before I could
get there and I’ll always regret not being with him in
those final moments. He had been such an optimistic
person and so full of life. I cried my eyes out that night
but, at some point in the early hours of the morning, I
suddenly felt strangely calm and surprisingly content
as I recalled his favourite quote from García Márquez:
Don’t cry because it’s over. Smile because it happened.
TRACK 37

2 Read the text again and choose the correct option. 3a Listen to five people talking about a life-changing
experience. Match the speakers (1-5) to the
1 The writer thought his grandfather’s features 38 experiences (a-e) and decide if their lives are
were … . better (B) or worse (W) because of it.
a unusual b strong c funny
1…2…3…4…5…
2 The writer’s grandfather was able to … .
a went to war
a make him laugh
b joined a new community
b blow smoke out of his ears
c began volunteering
c deceive him
d went to prison
3 The writer’s trip to school every day was … .
e travelled for the first time
a hair-raising b harrowing c exciting
4 His grandfather used to … in the market. 3b Listen again and match the speakers (1-5) to the
a work b go shopping c find bargains statements (a-e).
38
5 When he was with his grandfather, the writer 1…2…3…4…5…
felt … .
a I overcame my fears.
a anxious b sheltered c grown up b I thought I had found a purpose to life, but I
6 When his grandfather died, the writer … . was wrong.
a spent his last moments with him c I changed my life because someone died.
b was embarrassed to cry d I feel very differently about my work now.
c remembered his words e My punishment improved my education.

50 THAT’S ENGLISH!

4 Complete the sentences with a word from the
box. There are two words you don’t need.
actually blame hope intend should
terribly thing warned wish memory
1 I’m … sorry.
2 The … is, I didn’t realise it was so delicate.
3 I know I … have been more careful.
4 I … I hadn’t borrowed it.
5 I … you’ll forgive me.
6 I … to have it fixed tomorrow.
7 You … me not to leave it outside.
8 … , I wasn’t paying attention.
5a Read these facts about a criminal case.
Charles Thompson
Sentence: 25 years
Offence: drug dealing (selling painkillers)
Previous convictions: none
Age at sentencing: 43
Background: father of four, car mechanic,
had a car accident at the age of 35 which
left him with severe back pain.
Story: made friends with Jerry who also
claimed to have severe pain. Gave him
painkillers.
Arrest: gave Jerry some morphine pills and
agreed to take a payment. Immediately
arrested as Jerry was a police informant.
Quotes: ‘I only wanted to help my friend.’
‘My son will be 25 years old when I get out.’
5b Imagine you have just read a newspaper article
about this case. Prepare a 3-5 minute talk, giving
details of what happened and your opinion on
the crime and the punishment. Remember to:
• discuss if the punishment was fair; what other
type of punishment could the offender have
received?
• use language for telling an anecdote from unit 1
• use language for agreeing and disagreeing
from unit 3
I’m going to talk about the case of Charles
Thompson. He was a family man with four
children. Actually, at the time of his crime his
wife was pregnant with their fourth child …
THAT’S ENGLISH!
Revision 1
6 Which of these alternatives (a or b) is more
appropriate for a formal personal statement?
1 a I have a good knowledge of …
b I know a lot about …
2 a I’ve got a lot of experience in …
b I have a proven track record in …
3 a I constantly work towards …
b I’m always working towards …
4 a I intend to pursue a career in …
b I want to be …
5 a I’m good at talking and writing to people.
b I have good communication skills.
7 Choose the best option for a personal statement.
1 I / Having resigned from my last post when …
2 As well as having / I have a degree, I also …
3 I don’t regret / I’m not sorry about moving to a
bigger company.
4 I worked as an intern, thus gaining / so I gained
valuable experience.
5 Talking about / In relation to my other skills …
8 Write a personal statement to apply for the job
advertised below (200 words). Use some of the
ideas from activities 6 and 7 to help you. Include
information about the following points:
• say why you are interested in the job
• give details of relevant qualifications and skills
you have
• describe a post you have held that shows you
have relevant experience
EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITY
ADMINISTRATIVE ASSISTANT
☞ Are you a motivated, creative and independent
worker?
☞ This is not just filing and answering the phone!
☞ A small start-up company is looking for someone
to join their team to provide administrative
support.
☞ Opportunities for greater involvement in the
running of the business for a dynamic candidate.
☞ Experience in general administrative duties
required and knowledge of Office systems.
Please send your personal statement, and attach CV, to
Gordon Hardy, PO Box 532, Hertfordshire HL72GC.
An experienced administrative assistant with
considerable IT skills, keen to work in a developing
business …
51
 Age is nothing but
UNIT
5 a number
• To express opinions about needs at different
OBJECTIVES
ages
• To learn about the meaning of adulthood in
different cultures
A As young as you feel
BEFORE YOU WATCH
1 ‘Age is just a number. You are as young as you
feel’? Do you agree? Why?
WHILE YOU WATCH
2
Answer the questions.
1 How does Danny think life was different when
his father was his age?
2 Why is Danny so upset with his father?
AFTER YOU WATCH
3 Decide if the following sentences are true (✔) or
false (✗). Correct the false ones.
1 Danny welcomes Steve’s advice on work and
life.
2 Danny doesn’t take Steve’s new relationship
seriously at first.
3 Steve doesn’t seem to be upset by Danny’s
impolite behaviour.
4 Danny deliberately wants to hurt Steve’s
feelings when he is told about the baby.
5 In the restaurant, Steve shares Danny’s
objections about him having another child.
4 Answer the questions.
1 Why does Anthony criticise Danny’s choice of
breakfast?
2 What is Danny’s reaction to Anthony’s comment?
3 What example does Anthony give of age
differences in relationships in his family?
52
4 Is it a positive or negative thing in his
experience?
5 Why does Roxanne apologise to Danny?
6 What reaction did Roxanne expect Steve
to have to the baby news and how was she
surprised?
7 How did Steve and Roxanne meet?
5 Read the extracts and choose the option that
matches the meaning.
1 Danny: It’s not really my thing.
a I don’t fancy it. b It doesn’t belong to me.
2 Steve: Hey, what’s wrong with you? Relax.
There’s no need to get so worked up.
a busy b agitated and upset
3 Danny: He always seems to land on his feet.
a go from one crisis to another
b overcome difficulties and finish in a good
position
4 Roxanne: I’m a bit of a workaholic as well. It
takes one to know one.
a It needs a special person to help another
person.
b It needs someone who has experienced a
problem to recognise that problem area in
others.
6 Complete the sentences with the correct form
of an expression in bold from activity 5.
1 Robert wanted us to go to the rugby match but
I said ... .
2 I always thought Lena was secretly anxious in
social situations, like me. ... .
3 Jon really ... when he got that brilliant job in
Paris after he was made redundant.
4 We tried to calm Nick down after he heard
about his mother’s accident but he got ... .
NOW YOU!
7 Do you feel that retired people don’t understand
the pressures on younger people?
To tell you the truth, I do often feel a lot of
younger retired people have … because ...
THAT’S ENGLISH!
 STREET INTERVIEWS
8 The speakers were asked the following questions: Are you happy with the age you are or
would you rather be a different age? Why?
1 Which of these reasons for wanting or not wanting to be a different age are true for you?
a your present age is perfect d you would like fewer obligations
b you’ve achieved your goals in life e you would like more financial security
c you have energy as well as maturity
2 Watch the video. See which ideas above are mentioned and who makes reference to them.

Glenn Nicole Brandy David Thierno Stephen Tina Samantha

9a Complete the table with the speakers’ opinions. Are they happy with their current age? Why?

Glenn Nicole Brandy David Thierno Stephen Tina Samantha

the best
(age) he’s
Reason ever been
be younger,
have fewer
Reason responsibilities

9b Listen to the speakers and complete the sentences.

Glenn: I just 1... 30, yeah, this is the best I’ve ever been.
Thierno: That separates me from being a kid to being a man, so it’s a 2... for me.
Stephen: I think each day is a 3... .

ACTIVATE YOUR ENGLISH!
10a Match the expressions from 9b (1-3) to their
meanings (a-c).
a something precious to be appreciated
b became a particular age
c becoming an adult
10b Use the correct form of the expressions from
activities 5 and 9b to complete the dialogue.
Pete: H ave a look at this picture I found of all
the old gang from college.
Dave: Great − I just about recognise some
people. Was that before your round the
world trip?
Pete: Yes. That trip really made me grow up fast
− it was a real 1... .
Dave: I remember it sounded challenging. Isn’t
that Michael in the hat? Any news of him?
Pete: Well, ever since he 2... 50 he seems to
have had a mid-life crisis.
Dave: Oh, right? What do you mean?
Pete: W
 ell, he left his job in banking and
announced he was going round the world
on a motorbike! I had an email from him
recently, he said every day is a 3... .
Dave: I can’t imagine Mike being so crazy. Is he
really OK?
Pete: Oh, yes. He’s 4... as his new girlfriend
owns a beach hotel in India.
Dave: Well, if that’s what he wants out of life, but
I think he will get bored. I would. Lazing
around all day 5... .
Pete: Maybe not. But banking wasn’t right for him.
Like me he’s a bit of an old hippy at heart.
Dave: Well, you said it. 6... ! It’s alright for some
but others have families to provide for.
Pete: OK, calm down, there’s no need to get 7... .
NOW YOU!
11 Think about an age you would prefer to be. Why
does it appeal to you?
At times I’d like to return to being ... because
I used to have ... but now ...

THAT’S ENGLISH! 53
Age is nothing but a number
READING
1a Match the age categories to the people (1-7) in
the drawing.
youth old age (elderly) middle age
childhood infancy dotage young adulthood
1b Gabriel García Márquez said, ‘Age isn’t how old
you are, but how old you feel’. Do you agree?
Why? Why not?
2a Read the speech All the world’s a stage. Which
lines describe the age categories in activity 1a?
Stage 1-infancy: lines 5-6
All the world’s a stage,
And all the men and women merely players;
They have their exits and their entrances
And one man in his time plays many parts,
5 His acts being seven ages. At first, the infant,
Crying and vomiting in the nurse’s arms.
And then the whining school boy, with his satchel
And shining morning face, creeping like a snail
Unwillingly to school. And then the lover,
10 Sighing like the wind, with a sad song
About his mistress’ eyebrow. Then a soldier,
Full of strange curses, and with huge whiskers like
a leopard,
Jealous in honour, sudden and quick in quarrel,
15 Seeking short-lived reputation
Even in the middle of battle. And then the judge,
With a fair round stomach with rich food lined,
With eyes severe and beard of formal cut,
Full of wise sayings and modern examples;
20 And so he plays his part. The sixth age changes
Into the thin and slippered old man,
With glasses on nose and pouch on side;
His youthful stockings, well saved, a world too wide
For his shrunken thighs; and his big manly voice,
54
25 Turning again toward childish noises, pipes
And whistles in his sound. Last scene of all,
That ends this strange eventful history,
Is second childishness and mere oblivion,
Sans teeth, sans eyes, sans taste, sans everything.
(adapted from As You Like It by William Shakespeare)
TRACK 39
2b Read the speech again and answer the questions.
1 What image does Shakespeare use to describe
a human life?
2 What is the school boy’s attitude towards his
education?
3 What kind of mood is the young man in love in?
4 Shakespeare compares the fourth stage to
a soldier’s life. What characteristics does he
mention?
5 What does the man in the fifth stage enjoy
doing? Does he seem easygoing or serious
about life?
6 The description of the man in the sixth stage
is very different to the judge in the fifth stage.
What things have changed about him?
7 Does Shakespeare describe the last scene of
life as joyful or pitiful? Why is it so?
3a Read the article and complete it with the
missing phrases from the box.
but these results have not yet been replicated
no doubt these will continue
hardly rocket science
as well as less toxic gold
few find it comfortable
In search of the elixir of youth
Shakespeare’s All the world’s a stage speech addresses
the universal themes of the human experience and
their inevitability. The basic structure of a lifetime
follows the pattern outlined by Shakespeare yet 1… to
contemplate his description of the end of life.
For that reason, throughout history different cultures
tried to reverse the ageing process and discover the
THAT’S ENGLISH!

elixir of youth, a magical potion that supposedly
preserved youthfulness and guaranteed living to a
very ripe old age. Unfortunately, it was often a case of
the cure being worse than the disease itself because
many of the potions included poisons such as arsenic
and mercury, 2… , and so many who desired eternal
life instead met death in the prime of life.
Thankfully, science has moved on and those people
needn’t have resorted to such extreme measures.
Scientists working on reversing the ageing process
have discovered that to do so, the telomeres (parts
of DNA which protect our genetic code) need to
lengthen. A small study showed this is achievable by
simple lifestyle changes like eating more healthily,
taking exercise and avoiding stress: 3… !
Less orthodox approaches
also have devoted followers,
such as the field of cryonics,
the science of preserving the
human body through freezing.
Followers believe future
medical advances will one day
allow people to be brought
back to life. For some, the idea
of restricting the amount eaten
is the secret of maintaining
the bloom of youth. Followers
of the CRON diet (Calorie
Restriction Optimal Nutrition)
quote experiments based on
mice which demonstrated
that a reduced intake of highly
nutritious food prolonged
the longevity of the mice by
around 65%, 4… in humans.
But do we really want to live forever? What would it be
like to outlive all your friends? It could be an alarming
idea. The lifespan in developed nations has increased
rapidly in the last 50 years and one in three babies
born today will live to be 100. This has been achieved
through medical and environmental improvements
and 5… . Perhaps we need to be content with that.
TRACK 40
3b Read the article again. Choose the correct answers.
1 The last stage of life depicted in the speech is ... .
a uncomfortable to experience
b difficult to imagine
2 In the past some creators of the elixir of youth ... .
a had a poor understanding of chemistry
b had a poor understanding of disease
3 The secret of living longer ... .
a is based purely on an individual’s genetic
inheritance
b is surprisingly simple to implement
4 The success of cryonics ... .
a is based on hoping for future scientific advances
b relies on current scientific understanding
THAT’S ENGLISH!
UNIT 5
5 The CRON diet ... .
a is proven to be effective in one species
b is proven to be effective across species
4a Listen to the conversation. What event has Di
been to?
41
4b Listen again and match the expressions (1-6) to
the meanings (a-f).
41
1 in the prime of life
2 a ripe old age
3 the wrong side of forty
4 to go gaga
5 knee-high to a grasshopper
6 in the bloom of youth
a into middle age
b being extremely old and losing mental capacity
c fresh and vigorous like a new flower
d mature adulthood
e living to an advanced age
f very small and young
4c Complete the sentences with a suitable
expression from activity 4b.
1 My retired neighbour is ... but he still grows his
own vegetables and walks his dogs every day.
2 You think you will never get old and weak
when you are ... .
3 Did you think Nigel was the same age as me?
I know he’s older than that, he must be ... .
4 It was sad to realise their great-grandmother
was ... and didn’t even recognise them.
5 I don’t recall our first home at all because I
was ... when we left.
6 Astronauts are usually chosen from people
who are ... .
5 Discuss the questions with a partner.
1 Can you remember anything from when you
were knee-high to a grasshopper?
I remember the first time I saw my baby
brother. I must have been under three. I
wasn’t at all impressed and asked if we
could take him back and get a kitten!
2 What age range do you consider to be in the
prime of life? Have your ideas on this changed?
3 Would you exchange maturity and wisdom for
the bloom of youth?
4 Medical science has enabled more people
than ever to live to a ripe old age. Do you think
this is always desirable? And what are the
disadvantages?
55
Age is nothing but a number
LANGUAGE STUDY
1a Listen to the introduction to a radio phone-in.
What is the topic of the show?
42
1b Listen to the first part of the phone-in and
complete the sentences.
43
1 The best thing is I ... work.
2 And I ... worry about paying the bills.
3 I ... do homework and stuff.
4 I ... do some extra study.
5 When I was in primary school, we … do some
homework.
6 But we … do as much as now.
7 I ... practise writing code.
8 I ... do boring homework.
9 Of course, I ... get a job.
10 So I ... get a good degree in computing.
1c Complete the table with an example of a
suitable verb form from activity 1b.
Present Present lack Present
obligation of obligation necessity
Past Past lack of Past
obligation obligation necessity
Future Future lack Future
obligation of obligation necessity
Modals of obligation and necessity page 129
2 Read the text and choose the correct answers.
The changing face of youth opportunities
Years ago young people in Britain 1needed to /
had to / didn’t have to stay at school once they
reached 14. Many young people from poorer
families 2had to / didn’t have to leave school to
find a job because they 3needed to / didn’t need to
help the family finances.
Nowadays students in the UK 4have to / don’t
have to stay at school until they are 16. However,
students 5have to / will have to / don’t have to leave
until they are 18 if they prefer. The job market is
competitive so ideally youngsters 6need to / don’t
need to get good qualifications. Those interested
in learning practical skills, like engineering, 7need
to / had to / don’t need to go to university since
they can train as apprentices. As university fees
have greatly increased, most students 8will have
to / won’t have to take out a big loan. However,
56
after 30 years they 9will have to / had to / won’t
have to pay it back as the government will cancel
it. As university student numbers are falling due
to the fees, in the future universities 10will need
to / have to / won’t need to recruit many more
students from overseas.
3a Listen to the second part of the phone-in. Is the
caller satisfied or dissatisfied with her life at
44 present? And in the past?
3b Listen again and complete the sentences.
44 1 I realised I ... worry any more so I just let go.
2 I ... all that time and energy when I could have
been enjoying life.
3c Match the sentences (1-2) from activity 3b to
the meanings (a-b).
a It was unnecessary to do something but I did it.
b It was unnecessary to do something so I didn’t
do it.
Didn’t need to and needn’t have done page 129
4 Complete the sentences using the correct form
of didn’t need to/needn’t have and the verb in
brackets.
1 I phoned the restaurant and they took bank
cards so I ... (take) cash.
2 I took lots of cash with me to the restaurant
but I ... (do) because they took bank cards.
3 My partner had already been to the
supermarket so luckily I ... (go) as I was tired.
4 Monica was worried about her exam results
but she ... (bother) because they were
excellent.
5 He spent ages searching shops for that book
but he ... (do) as it was available online.
6 They ... (paint) their new flat as the builders
had already done it.
5 Choose the correct indefinite pronouns and
verb forms.
1 Everyone / Anyone get / gets older: no one /
both is / are able to stop time.
2 Can anyone / someone tell / tells me how old
that man is?
3 More / Most is / are known now about the
ageing process.
4 There isn’t just one way to live, but few /
several is / are possible.
THAT’S ENGLISH!

5 Few / Little know / knows the secret to living a
happy life.
6 If nobody / fewer care / cares, each / nothing
is / are going to change.
7 All / None of this make / makes any sense to me.
8 Few / Little is / are known about what happened
that night.
Indefinite pronouns and quantifiers page 130
6a Read the article. What is surprising about the
people in the article?
It’s no big deal: 90 is the new 50!
Nowadays more people than ever are living into
their 90’s and you might well expect them to take
it easy but today’s nonagenarians don’t always
agree. Some are not at all interested in sitting
still but instead are taking up new challenges.
Recently, Marta Telko, aged 95 from Finland,
became the world’s oldest female bungee jumper.
‘She showed no fear whatsoever,’ reported one of
the organisers of the jump. ‘Many young people
are too scared to continue when they get up there
but Mrs Telko didn’t scream at all’. Another
senior daredevil is Arthur Lumsdale, from Bolton,
who spent his 90th birthday 500 ft in the air
on a chair on top of a plane to raise money for
charity. Nothing whatsoever about the terrifying
experience appeared to bother him as he waved
to onlookers. ‘It’s no big deal at all,’ he later said.
6b Which of these sentences (a or b) is more
emphatic?
1 a Some are not at all interested in sitting still.
b Some are not interested in sitting still.
2 a She didn’t show any fear.
b She showed no fear whatsoever.
6c Read the article in activity 6a again and complete
the rules with whatsoever/(not) at all.
1 ... can come before an adjective.
2 ... usually comes immediately after the noun or
phrase we are emphasising.
3 ... is more emphatic than ... .
4 ... or ... come after indefinite pronouns with no
(no one, nobody, none, nothing).
5 ... or ... come after no + noun.
Whatsoever and not at all page 131
THAT’S ENGLISH!
UNIT 5
7 Rewrite the sentences to make them more
emphatic using the words in brackets.
1 There isn’t any danger in this activity.
(whatsoever) There’s no danger whatsoever in
this activity.
2 The teenagers weren’t bothered by the loud
music. (at all)
3 There isn’t anything that prepares you for
having a baby. (whatsoever)
4 There wasn’t anyone who found the exam
easy. (at all)
5 We didn’t have any rain last month.
(whatsoever)
6 We have absolutely no time left. (whatsoever)
7 There wasn’t anybody who had seen the
accident. (at all)
8 She was not pleased with the results. (at all)
8a Listen to the conversation. Why is Sally feeling
stressed?
45
8b Listen again and complete the sentences.
45 1 What needs ... ?
2 All the downstairs ... hoovering.
3 The cake ... picked up.
4 The grass ... cut.
5 There’s ... to panic. Need page 129
8c Complete the dialogue with the correct form of
the verbs in brackets.
Gavin: Hello, I’m Gavin Marshall and I’m here
to assess how safe the house is for your
father.
Peter: Hi. So what needs 1... (do) to make the
house safe for when Dad comes out of
hospital?
Gavin: The stair carpet needs to 2... (replace)
because it’s old and worn. And some
wood needs 3... (fix) to the stair wall so
he can hold on to it.
Peter: Should we install one of those motorised
chairs?
Gavin: There’s no need 4... (bother) with one of
those yet.
Peter: Anything else?
Gavin: Some of the furniture needs 5... (remove)
as it’s quite crowded. And his chair is low
so the seat needs to 6... (raise); maybe
some cushions?
Peter: Do you think he’ll be alright here?
Gavin: Yes, there’s no need 7... (worry), he’ll be
fine.
57
Age is nothing but a number

B When I’m 64
a poor educational standards and welfare
DOCUMENTARY problems
1 Which of these activities do retired people you b lack of graduate prospects
know take part in? c beginning a career owing a considerable sum
of money
running joining activity clubs
d restricted job opportunities
playing in a band dancing
long distance cycling playing golf cooking e being ignored by those in authority
travelling painting doing yoga f being restricted by social background from
improving your life

2 Watch the documentary. Can you match the

phrases (1-4) to the definitions (a-d)?
THAT’S THE USA
6 What kind of leisure activities would you expect
1 all walks of life 3 to lump them all together
to find in a holiday area like this?
2 goal-oriented 4 to be hung up on something
a to treat everyone the same (not as individuals)
b different social backgrounds
c to be anxious about a particular issue
d focused on achievements

3 Watch the documentary again and answer the

questions.
1 Which group of people are most satisfied with
their lives?
2 What is George Podrick’s group not interested
in?
3 What is the statistic given about the UK
population by 2030?
4 According to David Bache, what are the two
key factors to enjoying retirement in Britain?
5 Which three factors cause people to feel 7 Watch the video of Alex’s visit to Connecticut
anxious about retiring? and decide if the sentences are true (✔) or false
(✗). Correct the false ones.
6 What does Chris Kempton feel people shouldn’t
do regarding the older generation and why? 1 A huge number of Americans go camping
7 In which two ways has Chris Kempton’s outlook each year.
on life changed since she was younger? 2 The style of camping has changed very little
over the years.
SAME LANGUAGE, DIFFERENT LIVES 3 The water conditions in Long Island Sound are
usually less rough than further out at sea.
4 What difficulties do young people face in your 4 Camping and fishing appeal to all generations.
country?
5 Long Island Sound has a variety of fish only in
5 Match the speakers (1-8) to the problems facing the summer months.
youth (a-f). There may be more than one speaker 6 The difficulties of fishing in Long Island Sound
for a problem. are due to the tide and currents.
1 3 5 7 7 Where the wind is coming from can cause
problems for fishermen.

NOW YOU!
2 4 6 8 8 What advantages are there to being young
today compared to in the past?

On the whole ... because ... For example ...

58 THAT’S ENGLISH!

SKILLS WORK
‘
1 Read the quote. What do you think Cher’s response means?
Some guy said to me: “Don’t you think you’re too old to
sing rock n’ roll?” I said: You’d better check with Mick Jagger.
2a Read the article and match the headings (1-5) to the paragraphs (a-e).
1 Girls just want to have fun 3 Still alive and kicking
2 Changing expectations 4 Moment of inspiration
Over 50fabulous
and
‘When I am an old woman, I shall wear purple
with a red hat that doesn’t go and doesn’t suit me.’
a These lines, from the poem Warning by Jenny Joseph,
inspired the creation of The Red Hat Society, a worldwide
movement with over a million members. Sue Ellen Cooper,
the founder, had the idea of giving her friends a red hat
on their fiftieth birthdays as a joke after reading the
poem. In April 1998, she and her friends dressed up in
purple outfits and red hats and went out to tea. It was
such fun that they decided to meet regularly as The Red
Hat Society, and the rest, as they say, is history.
b Ms Cooper, an artist from California, was delighted.
‘Fifty is a difficult birthday for a lot of women and I
wanted to remind them to be more eccentric …’ she
said. ‘Women are not allowed to age and when we do,
we’re supposed to disappear. But we are not dead. This
is about accepting where we are in life and making the
most of it.’
c 41,000 Red Hat groups, called chapters, have spread
to over 25 countries. Initially, Ms Cooper didn’t expect
2b Read the article again and answer the questions.
1 Did Sue Ellen Cooper intend to set up a society
originally?
2 What two actions led to the beginning of the
group?
3 What is Sue Ellen Cooper’s attitude to women
getting older?
4 What showed that even Sue Ellen Cooper
didn’t expect the society to be so successful?
5 Why are attitudes to older people changing?
3a Read the descriptions of coming-of-age traditions
and decide if they are true (✔) or false (✗).
1 The coming-of-age ceremony in Japan isn’t
religious.
2 At the Seijin-Shiki ceremony, both men and
women usually dress in elaborate traditional
clothes.
THAT’S ENGLISH!
UNIT 5
‘
Cher
5 Global phenomenon
the idea to spread and foolishly promised to have a
red hat tattoo if the number of chapters ever reached
10,000. She found that before long she had to keep her
painful promise!
d Their motto is Live, Love, Laugh and there are no rules,
no committees, only indulging in silliness whilst wearing
red hats and purple clothes, and doing everything from
paintballing to belly dancing. Younger women begged
to be allowed to join, but have to wear pink hats and lilac
outfits till they reach fifty.
e Clearly, Jenny Joseph’s poem reflects the changing nature
of attitudes to ageing in recent years. As the proportion
of senior citizens is rising in developed countries,
(online source)
businesses and politicians are realising the potential
power and wealth of the over 50’s. After all, why should
the youngsters have all the fun? TRACK 46
3 The Amish community are surprisingly relaxed
about their young people experiencing modern
pleasures.
4 In Mexico, the significance of the Quinceañera
has remained the same over time.
3b Now listen and check your answers. Correct the
false ones.
47
4 Write a blog entry (80-100 words) on what you
think the best age to be is.
It’s hard to say what the best age to be is but as
a rule most of my friends would agree that the
late 20’s and early 30’s ...
59
Age is nothing but a number

SPEAKING
1a ‘Youth is wasted on the young’ is a famous quotation by the writer Oscar Wilde. Choose the
best definition.
1 Young people waste their opportunities.
2 You don’t realise how wonderful being young is until you’re older.
3 When you are young, you often don’t think about the future.

1b Read the response to Wilde’s quotation. Do you agree? Why? Why not?

I can remember when I was a child, I thought I had all the time in the world. Everything could
wait. Looking back now, I don’t think I really took advantage of all the opportunities I was given
… My life has gone by so fast – this year I’ll be 60 – and I certainly wish I had the energy I used
to have when I was in my youth.

2a Listen to the conversations. Answer the questions.

48 1 Why is Max interviewing people?

2 Which speaker expresses a tentative opinion?
3 Which speaker expresses a strong opinion?

2b Listen to the conversations again. Complete the expressions below.

48 Expressing tentative Expressing strong Considering other Making

opinions opinions points of view generalisations
1 It’s … to say 3 I certainly … feel 6 But in the long … 9 Most of the …
2 To be more … that 7 Taking everything 10 As a …
4 Not at all! None … ! into … 11 By and …
5 To tell you the … 8 All … considered,

2c Add the expressions from the box to the categories in activity 2b.

But then again All the same Typically I’m in two minds about
There’s no doubt in my mind In my humble opinion To the best of my knowledge

3 In spoken English, we link some words (sounds) together to sound more natural. Look at the
expressions below and decide which sounds are linked. Then listen, check and repeat.
49
1 Notatall 4 But in the long run 7 Most of the time
2 But then again 5 I’m in two minds about 8 As a rule
3 By and large 6 There’s no doubt in my mind Pronunciation Guide page 144

Production: giving a talk

4a Max is giving a talk at college on the needs of young people. Which opening sentence is most
likely to get the audience interested?
1 Today I am going to examine some of the problems facing young people in society.
2 ‘Youth is wasted on the young,’ said Oscar Wilde, but have you ever considered that being
young isn’t always fun?

4b An effective way to start a talk is with a question. Rewrite these sentences as questions to
make them more attention-grabbing.
1 You can imagine how different life will be in 30 years’ time.
2 You have thought about how much we develop from birth.
3 Everyone has realised they need to prepare for retirement now.
4 You will have different problems in 20 years’ time.

60 THAT’S ENGLISH!
 UNIT 5

5a Complete Max’s talk (1-9) with the correct expressions (a-i).

a typically d as a rule g let me start by

b does anyone have any questions e no doubt in my mind h to tell you the truth
c all the same f and last but not least i moving on to

‘Youth is wasted on the young,’ said Oscar Wilde but
have you ever considered that being young isn’t always
fun? 1… people only remember the positive aspects of
being young, such as being energetic and healthy, and
conveniently forget the downside. Based on my research,
I want to suggest some areas where society could help
young people make the most of their lives.
2
… looking at the impact of social media on relationships
and self-esteem. I certainly do feel that it can have a very
negative effect unless you are extremely confident. People
are constantly comparing themselves to others and seeking
peer approval. 3… , young women feel under pressure to
match up to the photoshopped perfection of models. 4… ,
some find online communities very supportive but I’m in
two minds about whether the overall effects are totally
positive. There needs to be more education on these topics
to prepare young people to cope with these issues.
… another aspect: I certainly believe the main problem
5
we need to solve is that of creating more job opportunities
for young people. The government has raised the age of
retirement, but did they stop to think of the effect this
would have on the job market? It’s obvious that fewer
new workers will be needed as a result. There is a lot of
talk about creating internships to give young people
work experience but this is just a money-saving idea. How
much do some work experience students earn? Nothing
whatsoever! 6… , I think there is no substitute for a real job
with realistic pay.
7
… , we really need to take care of the employment and
emotional needs of this generation because if we don’t,
it will lead to depression, family problems and losing our
best-educated people to other countries. It’s hard to say
what is to blame for the current situation, apart from the
economic crisis, but there’s 8… that government policy
hasn’t helped at all. Taking everything into account,
the responsibility for action lies with the government
before a whole generation of potential workers is left
demoralised.9… at all?

5b Now listen to Max’s talk and check your answers. Which of the expressions are used to show
the sequence of the talk?
50
6a You are going to give a talk about what you think is the most challenging stage of life. A word
web is a useful way to plan your ideas. Think about these questions and complete the word
web with your own ideas.
1 How many stages are you going to include?
2 What are the needs of each of them?
3 Which is the most challenging in your opinion? Why?
4 What support is needed and where should it come from?

childhood
need a lot of support,
lack independence, ...
teenagers young adults
emotional changes,
insecurity, pressure to
stages of life competition for jobs,
sacrificing relationships
succeed in exams, ... for career, ...
middle age
sandwich generation: supporting adult
children and elderly parents, ...

6b Give your talk. Remember to include the following:

• an attention-grabbing introduction
• sequencing expressions
• expressions to show opinions, consider other points of view and generalise
• a strong conclusion

THAT’S ENGLISH! 61
UNIT
6 Mind your manners

OBJECTIVES
• To express ideas emphatically
• To make formal invitations

A The right time

2 What reason does Karen give for refusing
BEFORE YOU WATCH Anthony?
1 What would be the ideal place, time and 3 Why does Karen object to the suggestion of
circumstances … ? asking Bridget’s father for permission?
4 What does Omar find not romantic?
1 for a romantic marriage proposal
2 for a perfect wedding 4 Decide if the statements are true (✔) or false (✗).
Correct the false ones.
WHILE YOU WATCH 1 Bridget likes the woods because they are calm
2 Answer the questions. and quiet.
2 She finds it difficult to get on with her boss.
3 She interrupts Anthony’s proposal because
she is upset.
4 Anthony and Bridget go to a graveyard to look
for lost relatives.
5 Anthony drops the ring when he bumps into
the bridegroom.
6 Bridget really doesn’t want to marry Anthony.
1 What suggestions do Omar and Karen make
to help Anthony propose to Bridget? 5 Complete the sentences by making a phrase
with the correct form of the word in brackets.
1 Karen asks Anthony if he’s going to get down
on one knee when he proposes. (knee)
2 Anthony tells Omar and Karen that they don’t
have to ask if they want more coffee, they can
just … . (help)
3 Anthony offers champagne to a couple at the
restaurant. They don’t have to pay because it’s
… . (house)
2 Why is Bridget stressed about her work? 4 Bridget has been working longer than her
working hours and she’s fed up with … . (time)
AFTER YOU WATCH 5 Bridget’s boss spends all his time in the office.
She doesn’t think that he ever … a … . (break)
3 Answer the questions. 6 Anthony believes that he and Bridget are very
well-matched as a couple, he thinks they are
1 In the video, in what order are these ways of
… for … . (make)
proposing mentioned?
a proposing by Internet
b asking Bridget’s father for permission to NOW YOU!
marry her 6 Describe something you did at just the right
c putting a ring in a glass of champagne time or at the wrong moment.
d going down on one knee
I … at just … because … . If I’d waited longer
e proposing like Mr Darcy does I would have been …
f a singing proposal

62 THAT’S ENGLISH!
 STREET INTERVIEWS
7a The speakers below were asked the following question: Do you prefer formal or informal
celebrations? Why?
1 Which one do you think the majority will prefer?

Nicole Chelsi Brandy Victor Thierno Nicholas Stephen George

2 Watch the video and check your answer.

7b Which speakers … ?

1 love an excuse to dress up

2 don’t like formal celebrations because they don’t like conforming to other people’s standards
3 talk about not liking to spend lots of time on their hair and make-up
4 mention wearing a three-piece suit and tie
5 talk about weddings and birthdays
6 mention what they do for a living in connection with disliking formal celebrations

8 Listen again. Complete how the speakers describe themselves and their attitudes with up to
three words in each gap.
Nicole: I’m 1… the informal celebration I think.
Brandy: I want it all to 2… .
Victor: I don’t like to 3… to other people’s standards.
Thierno:We go 4… . We don’t conform to anything so, the more informal the better. That’s,
that’s what 5… .
George: It’s a 6… to dress up and, and act polite.

ACTIVATE YOUR ENGLISH! We thought we would be going against the

grain, but … .
9a Complete the text about formal celebrations 2 I find it difficult to walk in high heels.
with the correct form of the verbs from the box.
It’s a … .
conform dress up focus on 3 The motto ‘life is too short’ influences the way
hold up interact I live my life.
I … it.
Whilst it can be fun to get 1… , the trouble with 4 Adam’s a bit annoying in company; he wants
formal celebrations is that people tend to be too everyone’s attention all the time.
2
… what they are wearing, and this means that He wants it … .
3
… with each other becomes less important! 5 He’s very independent and doesn’t follow the
For independent people who don’t generally crowd.
like to 4… to social norms, formal occasions can He’s … .
be very stressful because they feel as if they are
being 5… to the standards of other people.
NOW YOU!
9b Rewrite the phrases in bold using expressions 10 Do you prefer formal or informal celebrations?
from activity 9. Why?

1 We thought that it would be counter to most I love … celebrations because …

people’s tastes to have a traditional folk band,
but everybody loved them!

THAT’S ENGLISH! 63
Mind your manners

READING
1a Which of these pictures show formal situations?
Why?
1 3
2 4
1b Listen to the sentences (a-d). Match them to the
pictures in activity 1a (1-4).
52
a We would like to express our gratitude to Mr
Tatsuyaki for all his kind assistance.
b Bye-bye, Bobby. Thank you for coming.
c It’s been great to have you with us − thank you
so much for coming.
d With your permission, I would like to conclude
by soliciting the opinion of the jury on one
final point.
The Queen’s English
‘I’m very tired. I’m going to bed.’ ‘I’m excessively
fatigued. I shall retire.’ These sentences mean exactly
the same, but whilst the first is everyday informal
English, the second – depending on the attitude of the
listener – could either be considered formal, if rather
old-fashioned English, or simply pretentious! The
difference is the choice of vocabulary: the first speaker
uses Anglo-Saxon root words while the latter uses
words derived from Latin.
Although the structure of modern English is Germanic,
around 45% of English words are of French or Latin
origin. This is because after the Normans conquered
England in 1066, the country was ruled by French
kings whose language was French or Latin, whilst the
conquered peasants spoke Anglo-Saxon. Because the
ruling class spoke French, many modern English terms
for legal, political and administrative matters, such as
the word government, come from French or Latin,
whilst words for everyday things like working, eating
and drinking come from Anglo-Saxon. Thus a letter
from your lawyer will ask you to please inform us of
the date of your departure whilst a friend’s email asks
please tell us when you’re leaving.

1c Highlight any words in activity 1b that are

similar in Spanish. Do you think they are formal
or informal in English?

2a Read the title and first paragraph of an article

about formal English. What do you think the
title means?
1 very formal and polite English
2 English spoken with the same accent as the
Queen
3 standard, grammatically correct English as
spoken by educated people

2b Read the text and answer the questions.

1 In the English language, why are Latin root

words considered to be more formal than
Anglo-Saxon root words?
2 Can you explain why, amongst native speakers,
using Latin root words might be considered
pretentious?
3 Find a word in paragraph two which the author
says is of French origin.
4 What different ways do Spanish and English
speakers show deference towards the person
they are speaking to?

64 THAT’S ENGLISH!
 UNIT 6
Another peculiarity of modern English is that it doesn’t
make a distinction between a formal and an informal 3 Find the formal equivalents of the words and
phrases in the text.
you. In Shakespeare’s times, you (plural) was used to
express politeness and respect, while thou (singular) 1 while (paragraph 1)
was the familiar form, but the latter fell out of use in 2 learn (paragraph 4)
the seventeenth century. Whilst the Spanish have tú 3 and the only danger is that (paragraph 4)
and usted and the French tu and vous, the English 4 wrong (paragraph 4)
5 using the passive (paragraph 4)
only have you, no matter who you are speaking to.
6 typical of (paragraph 4)
Since English speakers can’t show politeness in formal
7 you should avoid them (paragraph 4)
situations with their choice of you, they must do so in a
8 which must be pointed out (paragraph 5)
different way, by using indirect language, for example,
could you possibly do this instead of can you do it and 4a Put the three sentences in each set in order (1-3)
would you mind if John … instead of can John ... from most to least formal.

All this means that, although Spanish learners might have A

... People used French to indicate that they were
initial difficulties with indirectness in English, they easily refined and well-educated.
assimilate vocabulary of Latin origin, the only danger 1 The French language was used as a mark of
being inappropriate usage of these words in informal refinement and erudition.
situations: for example desire, cease, comprehend ... People used to speak French to show how
and permit instead of want, stop, understand and let. posh and clever they were.
However, knowledge of formal vocabulary can be an B
... You aren’t allowed to eat in here.
advantage, for instance in academic or business writing,
... The consumption of food is forbidden on the
when on no account would you use contractions such premises.
as doesn’t. Nonetheless, in spoken English, contractions ... You are forbidden to consume food in the
always sound more natural, even in formal situations. building.
It should also be noted that the use of the passive C
rather than the active, and noun phrases rather than ... Prior to the discovery of penicillin, serious
verb phrases are characteristic of formal English – for infections were incurable.
... Before we found out about penicillin, we
example, the consumption of alcohol (noun phrase) couldn’t make bad infections better.
is forbidden rather than you aren’t allowed to drink ... Before penicillin was discovered, it wasn’t
alcohol – and are better avoided in spoken language. possible to cure bad infections.
There is one final point of formal etiquette to which it is 4b Complete the summary of the features of
essential to draw your attention. Should you ever meet formal English by adding example phrases from
the Queen of England, we strongly recommend that, at activity 4a.
the risk of gravely offending her, you do not say Pleased Formal English …
to meet you. The mother of Kate Middleton attracted 1 uses full forms, not contractions:
widespread criticism when she committed this error. Informal: You’re forbidden to …
Royal expert Camilla de Holland explains, ‘Naturally Formal: You are forbidden to …
you are pleased to meet her. She is, after all, the Queen.’ 2 often uses the passive voice:
The correct formal greeting, in case you are wondering, I: We used the French language. F: …
is How do you do, Your Majesty? 3 is impersonal:
TRACK 53
I: We couldn’t cure F: …
4 often uses noun phrases instead of verb
phrases:
5 How does being a native Spanish speaker help
you when you are learning English? I: Before penicillin was discovered F: …
6 Why could it be considered impolite to say 5 uses Latin root vocabulary:
‘pleased to meet you’ to the Queen? I: posh and clever F: … and …

THAT’S ENGLISH! 65
Mind your manners
LANGUAGE STUDY
1a Amy works at a five-star hotel. Listen to the
dialogues and complete the table.
54
Amy is
Formal Informal
talking to
1 a supplier ✔
2 4
3
4 use / forbidden)
1b Listen again and complete the expressions for
asking for permission and asking other people
54 to do things.
1 … take them round the back?
2 … waiting here?
3 If … to step this way, sir.
4 … sign these contracts?
5 … if I send them by messenger service back to
the solicitors?
6 … if I send all the maids up?
7 … and don’t say a word to Sir Roy.
2 Develop formal and informal dialogues for these
situations. Use expressions from activity 1b.
1 Ask permission to: leave work early / use the
meeting room. Say why.
2 Ask someone to: make you a cup of coffee /
take a photo of you.
A: Could I possibly leave work earlier than usual
to collect my son from school?
B: Of course you may.
A: Is it OK if I leave work early today to pick up
my son from school?
B: Sure, no problem.
3 Match the formal expressions (1-8) to their
informal equivalents (a-h).
1 I request permission to speak.
2 Do you possess a vehicle?
3 I fail to comprehend your request.
4 Our assistance may be required.
5 Could you inform us of their arrival?
6 Prior to his departure …
7 Assimilating this vocabulary was an arduous
task.
8 Do you desire privacy?
a They might need our help.
b Have you got a car?
66
c Can you tell us when they get here?
d Can I say something?
e I don’t understand what you want.
f Do you want to be alone?
g Before he leaves …
h It was difficult to learn these words.
Make the sentences more formal using the
words in brackets.
1 We aren’t allowed to use mobile phones. (The
The use of mobile phones is forbidden.
2 Things got much better after he left. (After
departure / improved considerably)
3 Before America was discovered, Europeans
didn’t grow tomatoes. (Prior to / discovery /
not cultivate / in Europe)
4 We were very disappointed when we lost the
contract. (The loss of / great disappointment)
5 It was a bad mistake to divide the country into
independent regions. (The division of / grave
error)
6 They discussed it for a very long time. (The
discussions / interminable)
5 Rewrite the sentences by replacing the verbs in
bold with a verb from the box and putting them
into the passive.
consider investigate postpone
intervene reduce propose
1 We haven’t looked into the problem.
The problem hasn’t been investigated.
2 They put off the meeting until tomorrow.
The meeting … .
3 People assume that the management will step
in if there is a problem.
It is … .
4 They have cut down on staff numbers.
Staff … .
5 Some students put forward a potential solution.
A potential … .
6 The university is thinking about installing
CCTV.
The installing of CCTV … .
6a Listen to the introduction to a talk about
intensifying adverbs. Answer the questions.
55
1 What words are most intensifying adverbs an
alternative to?
2 Why do we use them in formal English?
Intensifying adverbs page 132
THAT’S ENGLISH!

6b Listen to the rest of the talk and complete the
guidelines.
56
1 … ; used for strong negative emotions, such
as anger or despair:
adjectives: e.g. disappointed, angry.
verbs: e.g. cry, resent/regret someone or
something, complain.
2 … ; used for strong emotions from the heart:
e.g. ashamed, worried, concerned.
3 … ; used in rational arguments:
adjectives: e.g. (un)likely, (im)probable.
verbs: e.g. recommend, praise.
4 … ; often used with verbs to express opinions:
e.g. deny, oppose, support.
5 … ; used when something is so extreme it’s
unbelievable: e.g. cheap, expensive.
6 … and … are used with extreme adjectives:
e.g. tiny, disgusting.
6c Complete the sentences with an appropriate
word from the box.
deeply highly (x2) absolutely strongly
ridiculously bitterly (x2)
1 I am deeply ashamed of my behaviour and I …
regret what I did.
2 I can … recommend the new restaurant, the
chef there is … excellent.
3 He … resented his sister when she was born.
4 You … denied everything you were accused of.
5 Everything was … expensive.
6 This is a … controversial idea.
7a Read the advice about meeting the Queen and
find phrases that mean the same as:
1 If you meet the Queen, you should never say …
2 If I hadn’t had etiquette lessons before, …
3 If I met her Majesty again, …
Should you ever meet the Queen of England,
under no circumstances should you say ‘nice
to meet you’. Had I not had etiquette lessons
before, I would not have known this. Never in my
life have I been so embarrassed when I fell whilst
trying to curtsey. Were I to meet her Majesty
again, I would try to curtsey with more grace.
7b Complete the rules for using inverted conditional
forms to speculate in formal English.
• We use should + subject + 1infinitive / past
participle to speculate generally about the
present or future.
THAT’S ENGLISH!
UNIT 6
• We use had + subject + past participle to
speculate about the 2past / future.
• We use were + subject + to + infinitive to
speculate about the 3future / past.
Inversion with conditional sentences page 132
7c Work with a partner. Speculate about the
situations.
1 Should I ever be invited to appear on a reality
television show, I would …
2 Had I been very good at … as a child, I would
have …
3 Had my parents been rich, our family would
have ...
4 Were I ever to have enough money so as not
to have to work, I would …
8a Look at the text in activity 7a. Underline two
negative adverbials followed by inversion.
Inversion with negative adverbials page 133
8b Rewrite the sentences using the words in brackets.
1 We don’t often see such grace. (seldom)
Seldom do we see such grace.
2 They didn’t know what was about to happen.
(little)
3 As soon as I arrived, I was put to work. (no sooner)
4 You shouldn’t tell anyone what you have just
seen. (under no circumstances)
5 They are excellent scientists and very friendly.
(not only, but)
6 You shouldn’t open the door. (on no account)
8c Listen and check. Note how the inverted words are
stressed for emphasis and mark the intonation.
57 Does the speaker’s voice go up or down?
Pronunciation Guide page 145
8d Listen again and repeat.
57
9 Complete the advice and discuss your ideas
with your partner.
1 To succeed, not only must you work hard but
you should also be positive.
I think so too, but I also think that being
driven is an important key to success.
2 Were you to … , you would bitterly regret it.
3 It is highly improbable that you will ever … but
….
4 Should you wish to … , I would advise you to … .
67
Mind your manners
B Modern knights
DOCUMENTARY
1a In what ways can people’s achievements be
formally recognised? What honours, prizes and
awards can you think of?
1b Watch the documentary about the British
Honours system. Tick (✔) the items from the list
that are mentioned.
knighthoods the Queen (of England)
dubbing the Prime Minister
MBE (Member of the British Empire)
OBE (Officer of the British Empire)
CBE (Commander of the British Empire)
1c Explain what you know about each.
2 Watch again and decide which statements are
true (✔) or false (✗). Correct the false ones.
1 Members of the public make the final
decision regarding who gets an award.
2 Modern honours are awarded for making a
significant contribution to society.
3 An MBE is the highest honour a person can
be awarded.
4 The actor Charlie Chaplin and the scientist
Stephen Hawking were both awarded
knighthoods.
5 Modern knights are called Dames.
6 David Reynolds received an award for services
to the community and to architecture.
7 David Reynolds describes the award
ceremony as ‘very quiet and informal’.
8 Only male knights are dubbed.
9 John Lennon returned his MBE as an act of
political protest.
10 The honours system is old-fashioned and
out of place in the modern world.
68
SAME LANGUAGE, DIFFERENT LIVES
3 How important are good manners in your
culture?
4 Watch the video. In which culture(s) ... ?
1 are the speakers pessimistic about modern
children being taught manners
2 are good manners demonstrated by the way
you greet/address people
3 does the speaker believe that good manners
are similar all over the world
4 does one’s behaviour as a guest or in a
restaurant demonstrate good manners
5 are children taught to be polite to older people
6 are good manners very important and taught
from an early age
THAT’S THE USA
5a You are going to watch a video about Newport
in New England. First, answer the questions.
1 Which cities in your country are known for
beautiful architecture, good food and ideal
conditions for sailing?
2 Where in your country could you find … ?
a a historical synagogue
b opulent houses built by rich people for their
summer holidays
5b Match the words in the box to the correct
category. Watch the video to check your answers.
clam chowder tacking port
jibing lobster colonial sideboard
1 architecture 2 cooking 3 sailing
6 Watch again and answer the questions.
1 What did the Quaker colonists who founded
Newport come to America to experience?
2 What was founded in 1763?
3 What are the Newport mansions?
4 What reason do the tourists give for Newport
being such a good place to visit?
5 What makes Newport so ideal for sailing?
NOW YOU!
7 Describe how people with bad manners behave.
Something that constitutes … bad … for me …
THAT’S ENGLISH!
 UNIT 6
SKILLS WORK
1 Read the invitation and answer the questions.
1 Who is the invitation to and from? What kind of event is it?
2 What should the person who is invited wear?
3 Do you think that this is a formal or informal event? How do you know?

Mr Callum Thompson
Sir John and Lady Stratton
request the pleasure of your company
at the marriage of their daughter
Olivia Rosalind to
Mr Alexander Gadsby-Smith
at Holy Trinity Church, Kensington
on Saturday 14th May 2016 at 3 o´clock
Reception immediately following

(online source)
The Chelsea Hotel, London SW1
RSVP Dress: morning dress
Langley Place, Hetton, Herts HE17 1JB Black tie for the reception

2a Listen to Callum asking his friend Femi for advice 2 What does she think Callum is most worried
about the invitation. Answer the questions. about?
58
3 What is the real reason why Callum doesn’t
1 What’s Callum’s first reaction to the invitation?
want to go?
2 How does Femi offer to help?
3b Complete the advice from Debrett’s about how
2b Listen again and choose the correct answers. to make conversation with missing Latin root
60 words. Listen and check.
58 1 Callum has been invited because he knows … .
a the bride b the groom c the bride’s parents ‘It is important to set the 1… off well. Try to
2 Femi is impressed by the fact that … . think of an 2… to the usual “how are you” or
a the church is next to Kensington Palace “what do you do?” Gentle humour, shared
3
… , flattery and the occasional well-placed
b Sir John and Lady Stratton live in Knightsbridge 4
… will all 5… conversation. If your hostess or
c the church is near where the Queen lives the person who has 6… you has given you a
3 Callum’s biggest worry is that … . helpful clue, then follow that up. Otherwise,
a he won’t know anyone at all you may want to ask how the person you are
talking to knows the host or hostess.’
b he won’t know how to behave in such a
www.debretts.com/british-etiquette/communication/face-
formal setting face/conversation
c he can’t afford to buy new clothes
4 Morning dress consists of … .
4 Work with a partner. Talk about how to behave
a a tailcoat and trousers at a wedding in your country. Think about the
b a tailcoat, trousers, a waistcoat and a top hat following points:
c a tailcoat, trousers and a waistcoat
• what to wear
5 Femi suggests that Callum … .
• what topics to avoid in polite conversation
a should hire the clothes he needs
• how to greet people
b should buy new clothes
• table manners
c should let her make his clothes
For weddings in Spain,
3a Listen to the second part of Callum and Femi’s we always dress Yes, that’s very
conversation and answer the questions. formally. Suits for men true. Even children
59 and usually evening dress up for the
1 What two things does Femi tell Callum how to dresses for women … occasion …
do at the beginning of the conversation?

THAT’S ENGLISH! 69
Mind your manners

WRITING
1a Read the letter. What is Amelie (the sender of the letter) asking Mr Idyll (the recipient) to do?

Dear Mr Idyll,
I am writing to you on behalf of the Friends in Peace Asylum
Centre to cordially invite you to attend a fundraising concert
on 25th September at 8 o’clock in the town hall.
As you may be aware, there are rising numbers of asylum
seekers at the centre, due to the terrible conflicts in the
Middle East. As a result, living space is increasingly
crowded. We are especially concerned by the lack of
facilities for children, and for this reason, we are starting a
campaign to raise £200,000 for a new building, in which the
concert is the first event. The presence of local celebrities,
particularly a well-known musician and patron of music such as yourself, will help us to attract
a larger audience, thus raising awareness about the centre and asylum seekers, so we would be
deeply grateful for your support. Our performers are talented local musicians and slam poets
so we believe it will be a lively, enjoyable and memorable evening.
The concert will be followed by a champagne reception with a charity auction of paintings,
sculptures and music memorabilia by local artists and musicians. I enclose a list of the items
received so far and should you wish to make a donation, any items would be most gratefully
received.
Our participating musicians would be extremely encouraged by your attendance and it would
be most greatly appreciated by everyone involved if you could join us.
Yours sincerely,
Amelie Carr (secretary, Friends in Peace Asylum Centre)

1b Read the letter again and answer the questions.

1 What is the Friends in Peace Asylum Centre? What do you think it does?
2 Who do you think Mr Idyll is?
3 What does the Friends in Peace Asylum Centre want to raise money for?
4 Find two reasons Amelie gives for wanting Mr Idyll to come to the concert.
5 What other event does Amelie ask Mr Idyll to participate in?

2a Look at the structure of the letter. Which paragraphs (1-4) … ?

a describe the aims of the fundraising and the needs of the target group
b introduce the organisation hosting the event and the purpose of the event
c give reasons why the presence of the recipient of the letter will make the event more successful
d include other details or information about the event
e emphasise the benefits to the recipient of the letter of attending the event

2b Find the highlighted phrase in the letter which … .

1 the writer uses for inviting 5 means we are particularly worried

2 the writer uses to say who she is writing for 6 means helping people to know more about
3 means possibly, you know this 7 means we would be very happy to get
4 means like you 8 means if you would like to give some money

70 THAT’S ENGLISH!
 UNIT 6

3a Look at the connectors in bold in the letter. Add them to the table.

Connectors of cause Connectors of result

because of, owing to, on account of, consequently, 2… 3… 4…
1
… , thanks to therefore, that’s why, resulting in
Connectors for cause and result page 133

3b Rewrite the sentences using the words in brackets.

1 Energy prices are rising so it has become too expensive to heat the buildings. (due to)
Due to rising energy prices, it has become too expensive to heat the buildings.
2 We may have to close the shop at the weekends: there is a shortage of volunteer sales
assistants. (owing to)
3 My sister is alive because she received an experimental treatment for cancer. (thanks to)
4 We managed to raise half a million in euros and we can now afford to open two new food
distribution centres. (therefore)
5 The famous singer helped the cancer society at their annual event and they raised a lot of
money. (thus)
6 Many people were still trapped inside the building and we decided to call on the army for
assistance. (that’s why)

Writing a formal letter of invitation

4a You are going to write a letter to ask for support for an event organised by a local charity
called SOS World. Listen and take notes using the following headings:
61
• your role
• the type of event a formal black-tie fancy dress ball
• other details or information about the event
• the cause you are trying to raise money for
• who you are inviting and what you want her to do
• reasons why the presence of the recipient of the letter will make the event more successful

4b Write your letter (120-180 words) using the structure below. Remember to include connectors
of reason and result and inverted conditionals.
Paragraph 1: introduce yourself and the event.
I am writing to you on behalf of … to cordially invite
you to … (give time, date and place)
Paragraph 2: describe the cause and say why you
believe she will be interested in supporting you.
Our aim is to raise money for … , As you may be
aware, …
Paragraph 3: give more details about the event and
ask her what you want her to do and how it will help.
We believe the … be an enjoyable occasion for
everyone, In addition to … , there will also be … and
… , We would be honoured if you would … , Should
you wish to …
Paragraph 4: ask her if she has any questions and end
the letter. Dear Ms Del Rey,
Please do not hesitate to … , Otherwise, we hope I am writing to you …
that you will consider lending your support to … , We
eagerly await your reply.
Writing Reference page 142

THAT’S ENGLISH! 71
UNIT
7 More power to you!
OBJECTIVES
• To object to decisions and rules
• To express agreement on important issues
A Power to the people
BEFORE YOU WATCH
1 Do you agree with these statements?
1 There should be greater openness about what
local councils do with our taxes.
2 Many local councillors try to do a good job for
people in the area.
WHILE YOU WATCH
2 Answer the questions.
1 Why are Megan and Don suspicious of their
landlord?
2 Why isn’t Councillor Maguire interested in the
petition?
AFTER YOU WATCH
3 Answer the questions.
1 What are Don and Megan complaining about?
2 How does Don feel about the landlord’s plans?
3 Why is Colin interested when he learns the
landlord’s name?
4 What is Mr Colbert’s reaction at first when
Colin confronts him about the repairs?
5 What does Mr Colbert reveal about his plans
for the flats?
4 Are the statements true (✔) or false (✗)? Correct
the false ones.
1 Councillor Maguire excuses herself by saying
she has no choice in the matter.
2 Rachael’s loyalty to her boss has been tested
by what she has discovered.
72
3 Rachael thinks Councillor Maguire doesn’t
have to keep the council informed about her
business dealings.
4 The shopping centre can’t be built unless the
flats are removed.
5 Colin advises Rachael to publish the facts.
5 Choose the option that matches the meaning.
1 Mr Colbert: I strongly object to the press
hounding innocent people.
a accusing someone falsely
b following someone persistently
2 Karen: Yes, then we could confront the powers
that be, like Councillor Maguire.
a ask for help from those in control
b challenge the authorities
3 Councillor Maguire: I’m under an obligation
not to disclose the details.
a I am not free to give information on the matter.
b I have no opinion on the matter.
4 Megan: We need facts. Not just empty promises.
a meaningless offers of help
b unrealistic suggestions
5 Rachael: The only thing standing in the way of
Maguire are these flats.
a obstacle for b delay for
6 Complete the sentences with an expression
from activity 5.
1 All public figures are ... to be honest characters
with no criminal record.
2 The Chairman was ... by reporters outside his
office all the way to his car.
3 Her refusal to listen to new ideas is ... progress.
4 The landlord said he would fix the roof and the
heating but he never has − they were ... .
5 Hundreds of angry protestors ... at the council
meeting to discuss the spending cuts.
NOW YOU!
7 Describe a problem your local council needs to fix.
To tell you the truth, there are so many, but
one thing that stands out is ...
THAT’S ENGLISH!
 STREET INTERVIEWS
8 The speakers below were asked the following question: If you had the power to change
something in the world, what would it be?
1 What type of changes do you think most people mentioned? Choose your top three from this list.
a curing disease c stopping bribery e attitudes to others g protecting the environment
b greater equality d stopping hunger f stopping wars h stopping gunrunning

Kristen Cheryl Glenn Chelsi Jameeka David Thierno George

2 Watch the video. Did the speakers mention any of your choices?

9a Which of the ten speakers mention the ideas below? There may be more than one speaker for
an idea.
1 taking care of the environment
2 wanting people to be more tolerant
3 relieving suffering by using what we have more wisely
4 greater social equality
5 stopping dishonesty in government and being more practical
6 hurting or ill-treating others
7 more caring and understanding of others
8 providing shelter for everyone
9 improving basic levels of pay

9b Complete the sentences.

Cheryl: Any type of abuse, it’s just, it’s 1... .

Brandy: I want to change the minimum wage, 2... it or at least raise it a little bit. So people
wouldn’t have 3... to pay their bills.
George: Introduce something to the water that would 4... empathy.

ACTIVATE YOUR ENGLISH! Many people object to the government 4...

10a Match the expressions from activity 9b (1-4) to
the meanings below (a-d).
a to have great difficulty c absolutely terrible
b to produce or create d to remove forever
10b Complete the text with a suitable form of the
expressions in activities 5 and 9b.
If I had the power to change something in my
country it would be ‘the bedroom tax’, which
means people on housing benefits who have a
spare bedroom are obliged to move to a smaller
place or pay extra rent. The government says
tenants with spare bedrooms are 1... of families
moving to bigger homes. However, what the
government really wants is to 2... more income
by this measure, but the majority of people
think it is 3... for many reasons.
vulnerable people with letters demanding
extra rent and threats of legal action. People
on benefits are often 5... with disability and
illness in their daily lives and this tax is just
adding to their suffering. In any case, the
council are 6... to rehouse those with a spare
room but these are 7… as there aren’t enough
homes with fewer bedrooms available. In my
opinion, the government should admit their
mistake and 8... this cruel law!
NOW YOU!
11 What changes would you make in the world, if
you had the power?
If I could change one thing, above all it
would be ...

THAT’S ENGLISH! 73
More power to you!
READING
1 Match the pictures (1-6) to the types of power.
1 4
2 5
3 6
legislative military psychological
administrative economic judicial
2 Read the quotation. Do you agree with it?
‘ Power tends to corrupt; absolute power
corrupts absolutely.
Lord Acton: historian, politician and writer
3a Read the article and match the paragraphs (1-5)
to the headings (a-e).
a Information blackout d Cutting off the flow
b Let the people speak e Time-honoured
c When words replace swords methods
3b Read the article again and choose the best
option to complete the sentences.
1 In the past, war was … .
a accepted as a fact of life
b essential
2 Attitudes to war primarily changed because … .
a people grew tired of conflict
b of more sophisticated and deadly weapons
74
The changing nature
of international power
For centuries, everyone understood how the balance
of power was maintained in the world − whoever had
the strongest military force had control and could
benefit financially from trading widely. Every so often,
a state would challenge the sovereignty of another to
gain more wealth and influence, and there would be a
war, and the victor claimed the prize. The supremacy
of ‘hard power’ continued until after the Second World
War when the world was obliged to realise that the
nuclear bomb would lead to total annihilation unless
foreign policies changed.
In any case, as civilisation developed, rulers realised
that at times exercising ‘hard power’ was inadvisable
and so ‘soft power’ strategies, such as diplomacy,
were developed to persuade potential enemies not to
attack, and the role of the ambassador was born. More
recently, President Obama has chosen to promote ‘soft
power’ since recent military campaigns had achieved
little and caused widespread anger amongst US
allies. Additionally, offering or withdrawing economic
aid has proved to be useful in the power play. China
has invested heavily in developing infrastructure in
parts of Africa and in return has gained rights to use
agricultural land and mine valuable minerals, as well
as getting political support from those countries at
the United Nations.
Times change and so do strategies and, as the world
requires more energy such as oil and gas, ‘energy
power’ is now seen as a valuable negotiating tool in
the corridors of power. ‘Energy power’ is the use of a
country’s assets in energy production to benefit its
interests and gain advantages over others. ‘Energy
power’ is now seen as an alternative to using military
‘ force such as in the conflict between Russia and the
Ukraine. Rather than sending in the army, the US
showed their disapproval by removing financial and
technological help to Russian energy companies.
3 The art of diplomacy … .
a has existed for centuries
b has only been widely used in the last century
4 China has benefited from offering economic
aid … .
a in tangible ways
b in both tangible and intangible ways
5 Military resources and action are … .
a seen as less relevant by current rulers
b still the preferred choice by current leaders
6 Today controlling digital media is … .
a a highly successful way to control people
b seen as necessary by some repressive
regimes
THAT’S ENGLISH!
 UNIT 7

5a Match the expressions (1-6) to the meanings (a-f).

1 corridors of power 4 wield power

2 powers that be 5 be on a power trip
3 make a power play 6 balance of power
a use power aggressively or manipulatively to
get what you want
b the places where people in authority make
decisions and rule
c the strength of one government in comparison
to others
d the authorities in control
e exercise or use power effectively
No discussion of the nature of power would be f use power over others aggressively over a
complete without reference to the use of the Internet period of time to assert strength
and digital media or ‘cyber power’. Blocking Internet
access or filtering which sites can be accessed are 5b Complete the sentences with an appropriate
ways that a government on a power trip can use to expression from activity 5a.
censor the news and control the population. China
is regularly accused of such tactics in an attempt to 1 In the last century, the ... shifted from western
maintain control. Russia, allegedly, shut down mobile nations towards the East.
phone networks and defaced government websites in 2 The new chairman seemed to ... when he fired
the neighbouring state of Georgia in an unsuccessful several people who had disagreed with him.
attempt to undermine the government there. The 3 Nowadays in ... there is a lot of discussion
Arab Spring uprising in Tunisia in 2010 led to other about how to integrate immigrants into society.
countries in the region shutting down Internet access
4 The ... have decided to ban smoking in all
in order to prevent the spread of the movement, with
outside public places like parks.
little benefit.
5 Vance … , and threatened to report Sam’s poor
There is another aspect to the use of modern results if he didn’t support him.
technology which has the potential to transform 6 Video bloggers ... over the spending habits of
the way the world is run − the empowerment of young people and many companies sponsor
ordinary people to express their views. If people dislike their web posts.
something, there is immediate feedback on Twitter
and Facebook and the powers that be are under 6 What word can be used with these sets of
increasing pressure to respond instantly. In the UK if expressions?
100,000 people sign an online petition, then the issue
(online source)

must be debated in parliament. We, the ordinary 1 maintain the balance of power / maintain one’s
people, now wield more power than ever before in position
history! 2 … wealth / … influence / … rights / … advantages
TRACK 62
3 valuable … / negotiating … / bargaining …

7 Discuss the questions with a partner.

4a Complete the table with ways to exercise power.
1 Do you think that ordinary people wield more
Soft power power than before?
Hard power
Cyber power Others
I suppose we do in terms of feeling we
challenge block diplomacy, can communicate with the powers that be
a country’s Internet offer (withdraw) instantly, but I doubt if we really have any more
sovereignty access economic aid actual power − just better communications.
through 2
… 3… Perhaps we have more control over marketing
6
… 7… 8…
war with increased spending power and feedback
4
… 5…
1
… sites like TripAdvisor ...

2 In your opinion what are some of the worst

4b According to the article, how have ordinary
decisions made by the powers that be in
citizens been empowered to express their views recent years where you live?
nowadays?
3 Have you ever been the victim of someone on
a power trip? What happened?

THAT’S ENGLISH! 75
More power to you!
LANGUAGE STUDY
1a Listen to the conversation. What is the woman
explaining to her grandfather?
63
1b Listen again and answer the questions.
63 1 If you want to communicate with your MP, do
you have to write a letter nowadays?
2 What are you permitted to do instead?
3 What is the rule about the number of
signatures?
4 What do the rules state about using false
identities?
5 If you don’t give your personal details, what
are you not allowed to do?
6 Does the man think it is necessary to complain
on behalf of older people?
7 Does the woman think he should take action?
Modal verbs of obligation page 134
2 Complete the gaps with the correct form of a
suitable modal verb.
If you want a career walking the corridors of
power, then consider the diplomatic service.
Of course, you 1... meet many requirements,
but it’s a fascinating job. Candidates 2... be
proficient in more than one language but
you 3... speak several fluently − one or two
is enough. Due to security issues you 4...
discuss your work with anyone and you 5...
sign the Official Secrets Act.
You 6... join the diplomatic service unless you
are a British subject. It’s a job where you 7...
get inside information on what the powers
that be are doing. At all times though, you 8...
be very discreet.
3a Read the article. What abuse of power does it
concern?
Stolen generations
In 1911 in Australia, one of the most shameful
abuses of state power occurred. The Australian
government 1... by lobbyist and Chief Protector
of Aborigines W. Garnet South to pass an
act which allowed the authorities to remove
indigenous Australian children from their
families without a court decision 2… , on the
grounds that the children were all neglected.
The parents 3... to give up their children and
often 4... from ever seeing them again. The
government’s aim was 5... the children grow
76
up as ‘proper’ Australians and so they 6... from
learning about their culture or speaking their
own language. The children 7... to contact their
families in any way by the authorities. In 2008,
(online source)
the Prime Minister made a formal apology to
the indigenous Australian people and they 8...
for their forgiveness.
3b Read the article again and complete it with a
verb from the box.
to make were prevented were banned
were asked were forced were not allowed
was urged being required
Other ways of expressing obligation page 134
3c Rewrite the sentences with the correct form of a
verb from exercise 3b.
1 People strongly requested the government to
give more money to the relief operation.
The government was forced to give more
money to the relief operation.
2 Young people were stopped by law from
buying fireworks over 30 years ago.
3 The mayor requested the representative of the
indigenous people to open the ceremony.
4 The police commanded us to stop while the
president drove through town.
5 Many thousands of people had no choice but
to leave their homes due to the fighting.
6 I was unable to enter the meeting because of
the huge number of people in the hallway.
7 It is necessary for all staff to produce
identification when asked.
8 Prisoners can have visitors every two weeks.
4a Read the text and answer the questions.
Parking fees fury
A power struggle has developed after Mottisford
council introduced parking fees in local shopping
areas. Many shoppers object to paying parking
fees and so they now shop at superstores with
free parking. Shopkeepers are equally angry. ‘We
object to them imposing these charges: we’re
losing money!’ said Jon Gourd, owner of Crumbs
Bakery. Other business owners object to the lack
of previous consultation on the part of the powers
that be with the local community. They object that
THAT’S ENGLISH!
 UNIT 7

5c Listen again and complete the table with the

these charges are the obvious result of an internal
power struggle within the local council just before
the next elections.
1 Why are shoppers and shopkeepers angry?
2 Does the sentence ‘I object to them imposing
these charges’ mean the speaker is happy or
unhappy with the situation?
3 What are the four verb patterns that follow the
verb object?
Object (to) page 134
4b Rewrite the sentences using the verb object and
the words in brackets.
1 The residents didn’t like Robert burning
rubbish in the garden. (to)
The residents objected to Robert burning
rubbish in the garden.
2 Lucy minded Kate borrowing her clothes. (to)
3 The accused was angry that the police hadn’t
read him his rights. (that)
4 The business owners didn’t want the proposed
superstore because it would affect their trade.
(that)
5 Most people don’t want political censorship.
(to)
6 Many residents mind a nightclub being built
near their homes. (to)
7 I don’t want to pay such high prices. (to)
8 The charity Citizens against Poverty isn’t
pleased that it has to pay tax on donations. (to)
5a Listen to the discussion between the Minister
of Education and her advisor. In general, are the
64 new proposals popular or not?
5b Listen again and answer the questions.
64 1 Did the local councils accept the idea of funding
free lunches out of their current budgets?
2 According to the minister, what attitude do
local councils always take when asked to pay
for something themselves?
3 Did the extension of the school-leaving age to
17 get a positive or negative response?
4 What’s going to happen at the press
conference?
5 What do the parents disagree with the schools
about?
6 According to the minister, is it simple to meet
the needs of parents and teachers?
7 According to the advisor, what degree of
agreement can Ministers of Education expect
to new ideas?
correct form of synonyms of the verb object.
64
Verb Noun
criticise
remonstration
condemn
disapprove (of)
oppose
dissent
refuse
challenge
6 Complete the sentences with the correct form
of the words in brackets.
1 After the widespread corruption was revealed,
there was public ... of the president. (condemn)
2 She showed her ... of the report by throwing it
in the bin. (disapprove)
3 There is a lot of ... in the countryside to more
house building. (oppose)
4 I ... with him but he wouldn’t listen and carried
on. (remonstrate)
5 His ... to act resulted in a huge delay. (refuse)
6 The protestors ... the council’s right to close
the library. (challenge)
7 The protestors voiced their ... loudly outside
parliament. (dissent)
8 Government policy on immigration has
received a lot of ... in recent months. (criticise)
7a Read these extracts from a speech. Who do you
think is giving the speech?
‘You, the people, must trust me to lead the
country for the next five years.’
‘We, the British people, will achieve more than
ever for our great nation.’
7b Choose the more formal and emphatic sentences.
1 a You must trust me.
b You, the people, must trust me.
2 a We will achieve more than ever.
b We, the British people, will achieve more
than ever.
7c Rewrite these sentences so that they are more
formal and emphatic.
1 I am your president and will never fail you.
2 We are the team and must succeed in this
venture.
Emphatic and formal use of personal pronouns page 135

THAT’S ENGLISH! 77
More power to you!
B Who really holds the power?
DOCUMENTARY
1 Would you prefer to work for … ? Why?
1 a female boss 2 a male boss 3 neither
2 Match the words (1-4) to the meanings (a-d).
1 disproportionate 3 nurturing
2 to outperform 4 proactively
a helping something/someone develop
b in a manner which initiates change before
difficulties arise
c to do better than others
d greater than expected
3 Watch the documentary and answer the
questions.
1 What target have the biggest British companies
reached recently?
2 According to Lisa Buckingham, what are the
main obstacles to women becoming powerful?
3 How do women differ to men in leadership
style?
4 What has John Connelly noticed about
working under a female manager?
5 Why do women progress more slowly in
business?
6 What does Lisa Buckingham think women do
worse than men?
SAME LANGUAGE, DIFFERENT LIVES
4 Which of these factors do you think have the
most power over people today? Put them in
order: 1 strongest − 5 weakest.
religious institutions social and digital media
TV and radio financial institutions politicians
5 Watch the video. In which country was power
traditionally held by ... ?
1 a combination of royalty and elected politicians
2 the monarchy formerly but nowadays the
media and politicians
78
3 political leaders in the central government,
rather than leaders in the country being governed
4 the media, who heavily edit the information
received by the public
5 religious institutions which still hold massive
influence
6 law and order officials and the government
7 agents of a foreign power who influenced
politics heavily in the past and the effects of
whose actions can still be seen today
THAT’S THE USA
6 Which cities in your country could you describe
like this?
‘
It is home to some of the most important
‘
buildings and landmarks in the country. This city
displays a genuine sense of power and history.
7 Watch the video of the tour of Washington DC
and complete the sentences.
1 The White House was built between ... and ... .
It’s been the ... of every US president since then.
2 The Capitol building is where the ... branch of
the US government meets the House of ... and
the Senate.
3 Members of Congress ... their votes on ...
that’s being considered that day.
4 It’s probably the most ... symbol of ... in the
world.
5 The ... ever flown, the original ... Spangled ...
is on display here.
6 The most ... to me in DC is the Vietnam ...
monument. It’s actually a list of everyone’s
name who ... during the war.
7 And it was Jefferson that wrote the ... of ... ,
’ That all men were created equal, with certain
rights, that among these are ... , ... and the ...
of happiness.’
NOW YOU!
8 Who has traditionally held the most power in
your country? Is this changing?
It used to be ... that held the power in the past
... However, more recently I think there’s been a
definite shift towards ... as ...
THAT’S ENGLISH!

SKILLS WORK
1 Do you believe in telepathy, the placebo effect or mind over matter (controlling your body
with your mind)? Have you ever experienced any of them?
I believe in telepathy to some extent because I often know my mum is about to call me just before the
phone rings and it’s possible that people with an emotional connection can communicate on another level.
2a Read the article and complete it with the missing words.
a their thoughts made c take the example of
b in actual fact d the gap between
Can you read my thoughts? Capturing the hidden powers of the mind
Sending thoughts to another person
or controlling objects through the
power of the mind used to be the stuff
of science fiction, 1... . Scientists now
believe all this will soon be possible
but rather than just being weird sci-fi
experiments, this research has practical
applications which will vastly improve
the quality of life for people affected by paralysis or disability.
2
... the paralysed teenager who kicked the first ball at the 2014
World Cup by means of an electronic robotic suit controlled
by his thoughts. And elsewhere, scientists have sent signals
through the Internet from one person wearing a special headset
to another: signals which directly controlled the behaviour of the
second individual. One of them imagined playing a computer
game and 3… the second person actually press the game button.
2b Read the article again and answer the questions.
1 What is the value to society of mind control
research?
2 What are the two methods currently available
to control actions?
3 Why is there no need to be too concerned
about mind power being used wrongly?
4 What would be required for real thought control?
3a Listen to a lecture on the Asch Conformity
Experiments. What was tested?
66
1 the ability to judge measurements
2 how group pressure affects individual decisions
3 aspects of vision
3b Listen again and choose the correct option.
66 1 What did the experiment consist of?
a choosing matching shapes
b choosing matching lines
c choosing the same things as others
2 Who took part?
a scientists
b a group of scientists and one ordinary person
c ordinary people
THAT’S ENGLISH!
UNIT 7
e would be allowed
f but not anymore
4
... , access to the power of the mind is remarkably simple.
A ‘human-to-human’ interface kit is available online for
under £200, so people could relatively easily replicate these
experiments at home. For some, understandably, the prospect
of the military or sinister forces remotely gaining power
over people’s thoughts and actions is terrifying. However,
apparently, there is little need to worry at the moment as
current technology is fairly basic and 5... what is theoretically
possible and real situations is huge.
It seems the transmission of real thoughts and messages
would only be possible if devices were planted directly in
the brain and, ethically and legally, only hospitals 6… to do
so to help the disabled with movement. Nevertheless, some
(online source)
scientists are confident that within 50 to 100 years humans
will be able to read each other’s minds. Let’s hope the human
race will be ready for it! TRACK 65
3 What percentage of the participants conformed
to the group one or more times?
a over 75% b almost 75% c two thirds
4 What happened when one of the researchers
in the group gave the correct answer?
a it lowered the participants’ conformity
b the participants’ conformity stayed the same
c it raised the participants’ conformity
5 Why did the participants give wrong answers?
a they didn’t understand the task
b they didn’t want to be made fun of
c they couldn’t explain why
6 What did the experiment show about
peer pressure?
a people are only slightly influenced by it
b people don’t understand it
c it can be a very strong influence
Write a paragraph (80-100 words) on who has had
4
the most influence on you in your life and why.
I wouldn’t say I’m easily influenced by people, in
general I think I’m pretty strong-willed. That said, I
have to admit that there have been people in my life
who have made me question my actions. Starting with
my first boss ...
79
More power to you!

SPEAKING
1 Look at these powerful men and women. Discuss which adjectives you would apply to each
one.

M. Zuckerberg Gandhi Stalin Angela Merkel S. Hussein Hillary Clinton Michelle Obama

peaceful tyrannical ostentatious philanthropic generous evil philosophical

self-indulgent ruthless ambitious innovative destructive selfish

2a Listen to Adam and Zara discussing a quotation from Gandhi: ‘The day the power of love
overrules the love of power, the world will know peace.’ Do they agree or disagree with the
67 quotation?

2b Listen to the discussion again and complete the expressions.

67 Agreeing wholeheartedly Confirming information

1 My ... exactly. 3 ... , I ... agree ... . 5 It’s brilliant, ... it? 7 You ... be long, ... you?
2 ... on. 4 That’s ... true. 6 But it ... effective, ... it? 8 You’ve forgotten, ... you?

3 Correct stress in strong agreements makes the expressions more emphatic. Listen and
underline the stressed syllables. Listen again, check and repeat.
68
1 My thoughts exactly. 2 Spot on. 3 Exactly. I couldn’t agree more. 4 That’s perfectly true.
Pronunciation Guide page 145

4a Question tags are often used for confirmation. Rewrite the questions with question tags.

1 Was he a truly great president? 4 Do you want to go to the meeting?

He was a truly great president, wasn’t he? 5 Have they thought about the difficulties?
2 Was he a terrible leader? 6 Are you ready for the challenges?
3 Did the plan succeed?
Question tags page 135

4b When a question tag is used to confirm information or show agreement there is falling
intonation. Listen and repeat paying attention to the intonation.
69
➘ ➘
1 She was an inspiring speaker, wasn’t she? 5 You have tried talking to him, haven’t you?
➘ ➘
2 Some things will never change, will they? 6 He won’t listen to advice, will he?
➘ ➘
3 There’s no hope of peace now, is there? 7 You are aware of the problem, aren’t you?
➘
4 They were right all along, weren’t they? Pronunciation Guide page 146

5a Listen to the conversation with Ed at the dinner party. Do Ed and Adam strongly agree or
reluctantly agree?
70

80 THAT’S ENGLISH!
 UNIT 7

5b Listen again and tick the expressions you hear.

70 Asking for opinions Reluctant agreement Illustrating a point

How do you feel about it?
What are your views?
What’s your reaction to this?
Expressing objections
That may be so but …
I don’t see it that way myself.
I don’t accept that for one minute.
I suppose so, fair enough. Take ... for example.
I take your point. Let me give you an example.
Maybe you’re right. Imagine you were ...
Giving opinions
The point is that ...
Look, there’s no doubt that ...
Not everyone will agree with me, but …

5c Add these expressions to the correct section in activity 5b.

But that’s not the point, is it? OK, I’ll tell you my position. Possibly, but …
Allow me to explain further. What’s your take on this? I, for one, believe …

6 Complete the dialogue with a suitable expression from activities 2b, 5b and 5c using the
words in brackets.
Joe: This is an interesting quotation: ‘Power does not corrupt. Fear corrupts’. 1... (reaction), Tom?
Tom: 2... (position). A lot of leaders aren’t normal psychologically. What normal person wants
to control everything? So I’d say most powerful leaders are very insecure or mentally ill.
Joe: ... (minute). You can’t generalise. I mean, Obama and Angela Merkel are very sane, aren’t
3

they?
Tom: 4... (point). But that still leaves a lot of others to choose from, doesn’t it? 5... some African
states ... (take). There was one president who had a gold palace while the people almost
starved. It’s absolutely disgusting.
Joe: 6... (thoughts). But maybe he wasn’t corrupted by fear but just too much money. It was
mainly greed, wasn’t it?
Tom: 7... (fair). But I, for one, believe there are a lot of psychopaths running things!

Interaction: a debate about the nature of power ‘

7a With a partner, choose one of the quotations to debate. Then make your own personal notes.

‘ Knowledge is power. Power to do evil or power to do good. Power itself is not evil.
Veronica Roth
‘
‘ Nearly all men can stand adversity but if you want to test a man’s character, give him power.
Lincoln
‘
‘Ultimately, the only power which man should aspire to is that which he exercises over himself.

7b Structure your debate according to the flow chart below. Then choose another quotation and
Elie Wiesel

swap roles. Use expressions from activities 2b, 5b, 5c, as well as question tags for confirmation.

A Ask for B’s opinion of the quote. How do A Agree or express objection giving
you feel about …? / What are your views? examples. That may be so but … / I
don’t see it that way myself. Allow me to
explain further …

B Give your opinion and an example using

a question tag to invite a response. Look, B Agree wholeheartedly or reluctantly.
there’s no doubt that ... I mean, take ... for Maybe you’re right / I don’t accept that for
example / But that’s not the point, is it? one minute / I suppose so, fair enough

THAT’S ENGLISH! 81
UNIT
8 Art? Or not?

OBJECTIVES
• To discuss art
• To write a review

A But is it art?
BEFORE YOU WATCH 4 Answer the questions.

1 Do you agree or disagree with these quotes 1 What does Omar consider to be a very
about art? Why? ‘ powerful metaphor?

‘
I do not want art for a few any more than
education for a few, or freedom for a few.
William Morris
‘
A work of art has no importance whatever to
society. It is only important to the individual.
Vladimir Nabokov
2 How does Saffron explain the photograph of
the child – what does it represent?
3 What does Danny like about Saffron’s pictures?
‘
4 Why does Saffron say it’s a pleasure to meet
Danny?
5 Read the extracts from the video and choose
the correct meaning of the adjectives in bold.

WHILE YOU WATCH 1 Omar: It’s original. Thought-provoking.

a makes you reevaluate things
2 Answer the questions. b puts all thoughts out of your head
2 Omar: It would make this work less approachable.
a accessible, easy to understand
b original and different
3 Omar: This is really atmospheric.
a makes you feel heavy and depressed.
b creates a distinctive feeling or mood
1 Why does Omar go to the art gallery? 4 Omar: This is really uplifting. Literally, for the
ants!
a makes you feel as if you were flying
b makes you feel happy and hopeful

6 Complete the sentences with a suitable

2 What topic inspires Saffron’s art?
AFTER YOU WATCH
3 Are the statements true (✔) or false (✗)? Correct
the false ones.
1 Omar believes that the scientific mind is what
feeds art.
2 Danny is not a fan of contemporary art.
3 Omar thinks modern art needs to be shocking
in order to be powerful.
4 Dolores is an expert on performance art.
5 Omar finds performance art a bit predictable.
6 Saffron specializes in performance art because
her art school tutors recommended it.
adjective from activity 5.
1 I found the positive images and bright colours
used in the painting to be very … .
2 I don’t like all this mystique that’s been created
around my work: I want to be an … artist who
people can talk to.
3 The lighting and music were very … – inside
the gallery it felt like being in another world.
4 I didn’t exactly enjoy the exhibition but it was
certainly … . I don’t think I’ll ever look at my
rubbish in the same way again!
NOW YOU!
7 Explain what you think of performance art.
Personally, I’m not … by performance art,
though I don’t find it particularly …or … .

82 THAT’S ENGLISH!
 STREET INTERVIEWS
8a The speakers below were asked the following question: Everyone is creative in some way.
What creative skills do you have?
1 Tick (✔) the kinds of creative skills they might talk about.
playing a musical instrument writing poetry dancing cooking acting
fashion design painting and drawing photography

Nicole Glenn Chelsi Brandy Victor Thierno George Borislav

2 Watch the video. Were any of your ideas mentioned?

8b Watch again and say which speakers … .

1 talk about expressing themselves creatively in writing

2 talk about music
3 mention the visual arts – painting and drawing, etc.
4 show us something he’s made
5 talk about performing on stage
6 believe their strengths lie in sport

9 Listen again and complete the sentences with up to three words in each gap.
Victor: I like to 1… colour.
Thierno: I haven’t even reached my 2… .
Thierno: That’s how I 3... this. I wanted something that was 4… .
George: I’m 5… of listening.
Borislav: That’s where my 6… .

ACTIVATE YOUR ENGLISH!
10a Complete the text about creativity with
expressions from activity 9. Change the form as
necessary.
According to the experts we are naturally
creative. Whether we 1… in writing, pictures,
music, or movement or just cultivating the
2
… being a sympathetic listener, we all have
3
… if we know how to reach it! It doesn’t
matter if you aren’t sure where your 4…
− the important thing is to let yourself be
inspired. Most creative people couldn’t
tell you how they 5… their best ideas. The
most original works of art are those that
are 6… because they are so eye-catching or
unusual.
10b Rewrite the sentences replacing the words
in bold with one of the words from activity 5.
Change the form and word order as necessary.
1 I just didn’t find his work very easy to
understand or get into so I left early.
2 Happy and inspirational music for me would
definitely be Bob Marley.
3 That little Italian restaurant on 5th Avenue
replicates a romantic and nostalgic décor.
4 His early work was perceptive and challenged
some of our basic perceptions, which is why
I’m so disappointed by this trivial piece.
NOW YOU!
11 What creative skills do you have?
I can’t … or … or anything like that but I
express my … through … . I find it very …
and I especially love to … – in fact I’ve …

THAT’S ENGLISH! 83
Art? Or not?
READING
1a Match the words from the box to the types of
art and performance.
sculpture & ceramics music
installation architecture
photography magic & circus
jewellery film & theatre
ballet & other dance forms
drawing & painting craft & design
Performing arts Visual arts
1b Which of the arts interests you the most/least?
Why? Discuss with a partner.
2a Read and complete the article with the missing
lines (a-e).
a it helps them make sense of the world
b It should either make us think and notice
things
c their art was powerful because of its shock
value
d What is it actually for?
e we find some other way to express our
creativity
2b Read the text again. Are the statements true (✔)
or false (✗)? Correct the false ones.
1 The author understands why artists who aren’t
successful or recognised give up.
2 Many adults give up drawing because they are
dissatisfied with the results.
3 The author believes that art can help us feel
better about life.
4 Gloomy and depressing art can be dangerous
for young people.
5 Art helps to create balance.
6 The author doesn’t believe that football can be
considered as art.
3 Look at the highlighted phrases in the text and
match them to the paraphrases.
1 They can’t stop themselves from doing it.
They simply can’t help themselves.
2 strong, instinctive desire to make things
3 avoid conscious thinking
4 make it into something we can respect
5 for the same reason
6 tried from the beginning to make it something
that people would disagree about
84
Why are pictures
worth a thousand
words?
The Hay Wain, JOHN CONSTABLE
So just why do painters paint and sculptors sculpt
and writers write and musicians play their songs? Of
all the people who create their own art, only some
are talented and only very few gain recognition
and success. So why do the others carry on despite
everything and choose to suffer for their art? And
why do we admire, even revere, art so much? 1…
The answer to the first question is that artists make
art because they simply can’t help themselves. The
urge to be creative is part of the human condition. For
example, all small children enjoy drawing, singing
and dancing, and many psychologists recommend
doing some form of creative art in order to be happy
and healthy. As adults, we usually, unfortunately,
begin to attach more importance to the results
rather than the process, and so give up making art
of our own, but if we are lucky, 2… , such as playing
football, growing flowers or making cakes.
But what about ‘real’ art? The Mona Lisa, for example,
or, depending on your taste, Dali’s The Persistence
of Memory or Tchaikovsky’s Swan Lake or the
Beatles’ Sergeant Pepper album − what human
purpose do they serve? One of the answers seems
to be that beauty, in any form, inspires us. Life isn’t
easy: pain is also part of the human condition, but
an uplifting piece of music or an evocative painting
have the power to inspire and energise us. By the
same token, works of art portraying sadness or pain
remind us that we are not alone in our suffering and,
most importantly, lend dignity to it. This is why we
enjoy listening to sad love songs after a breakup and
why teenagers are often attracted to what seems to
THAT’S ENGLISH!

adults to be gloomy or depressing art: 3… and cope
with its dark side.
We are often attracted to art which has qualities that
we lack, hence certain types of art become popular
at certain times in history. For example, the Romantic
Movement in the 19th century, which placed a strong
importance on the beauty of nature, happened at the
time of the Industrial Revolution. In contrast, the artists
of the punk movement in the 20th century, whose
slogan NF stood for no fun, no freedom, no future,
used ugly violent images and words to express their
anger and despair about the stagnant post-industrial
society they lived in. Punk artists deliberately set out
to be controversial and 4… .
Nowadays, trying to shock people in the name of art
has become predictable and has lost its power since,
by definition, ‘real’ art must be thought-provoking.
5
… or it should bypass the brain entirely and go
straight to the heart. Whether it is the grace of a
dancer’s arabesque, a goalkeeper flying through the
air or the last notes of a symphony, art is art when it
moves us. That is what art is for. TRACK 72
4a Listen to a talk about the punk movement in
Britain.
73
1 What was it like to live in Britain in the 70s
when punk started?
2 Why does the speaker say a lot of punk art is
‘ugly and angry’?
4b Listen again and complete the summary with
the correct form of the words and expressions
73 from activity 3.
The punk movement was born when young
people started expressing their 1… by making
their own fashion and art. The young people’s
anger gave punk its energy, but, 2… , also
made it aggressive. At punk concerts, the
THAT’S ENGLISH!
UNIT 8
furious energy of the dancers seemed to 3… .
Punk singers and artists didn’t 4… people, but
their anger and sense of alienation was so
great that 5… . Punk art gave this anger a
voice and, by doing so, 6… .
5a Match the idioms related to art (1-5) to their
meanings (a-e).
1 I’m sure I’ll understand if you could just show
me some photos. After all, a picture’s worth a
thousand words.
2 His new computer is absolutely state-of-the-
art: it’s faster and more powerful than anything
I’ve ever seen!
3 I’ll be ready in five minutes. I travel so much I
have packing down to a fine art.
4 I was prepared to suffer for my art when I was
a young dancer − I spent hours practising and
I was always on a diet.
5 Look at all those decorations − that’s not just a
cake, it’s a work of art!
a an exceptionally good and beautiful example
of something
b to undergo difficulties and/or work very hard
for something you really care about
c to be able to do something easily and well
because you have practised it a lot
d up-to-date and advanced
e showing images of something is more
powerful than just talking about it
5b Complete the sentences with an appropriate
form of the idioms from activity 5a.
1 She’s always got a reason for being late − she
... making excuses … !
2 He put his whole heart and soul into his
vegetable garden. It’s a real … .
3 I understand why you don’t like the city after
seeing those slides: … .
4 He gets up at five every day to train although
he hates it. He really … .
5 She’s got everything in her new, high-tech
kitchen − it’s … .
6 Complete the sentences so they are true for you.
1 I’ve got putting the children to bed down to
a fine art. I can get them washed and in their
pyjamas in ten minutes.
2 If I had enough money, I’d buy a state-of-the-
art … because …
3 I express my urge to be creative by …
85
Art? Or not?
LANGUAGE STUDY
1a Decide if the relative clauses are defining or
non-defining.
1 Of all the people who/that create art, only
some are talented.
2 Rachel Lee, who I went to college with, has
just won the Turner Prize.
3 An artist, whose work we exhibit, is coming
to talk about what inspires her.
4 That’s the woman (who/that) I went to art
school with.
5 A shop called SEX sold the first punk
fashions, (which were) designed by Vivienne
Westwood.
6 The Romantic Movement, which emphasised
the beauty of nature, happened during the
Industrial Revolution.
7 The whole exhibition was dedicated to
traditional art, which was disappointing.
8 We are often attracted to art that/which has
qualities that we lack.
9 Art that/which portrays / Art portraying
sadness reminds us of our own humanity.
10 She was interested in artists who/that really
lived their art and even suffered for it / really
living their art and even suffering for it.
1b Answer the questions.
1 In which type of clause can that replace who or
which?
2 How do we avoid the formal construction with
whom?
3 In which case can we omit the relative pronoun?
4 What changes take place when we use the
present (-ing) or the past (-ed) participle?
5 What does which in sentence 7 stand for?
Relative clauses page 136
2a Complete the information about the composer
Luca Vittorelli with relative pronouns.
1 The composer’s mother, … encouraged his
musical ambitions, died when he was 16.
2 Soon after, Luca met Viola, … was the first
woman ... he fell in love with.
3 The symphony … he wrote for her was his
best work.
4 The score for this, … is on loan to the British
Museum, was handwritten by Viola.
5 The scholars … have studied this symphony
consider it a masterpiece.
86
2b Listen, check and repeat, paying attention to the
pauses.
74 Pronunciation Guide page 145
2c Which three sentences in activity 2a contain
defining relative clauses? In which sentence(s)
can the relative pronoun be omitted?
3 Reduce the relative clauses using a present or
past participle.
1 He designed a bridge which connects the old
part of the city to the new.
He designed a bridge connecting the old part
of the city to the new.
2 There is a sale of the artist’s early paintings
which were considered to be obscene in his
own country.
3 The most performed play ever is Hamlet,
which was written by Shakespeare in the early
1600s.
4 Anyone who quotes from her work without
permission will be sued.
5 Musicians who study at the conservatory have
free entrance to all concerts.
6 There were several books which dealt with
this subject and they were all excellent.
4a Complete the text with relative pronouns.
Lalla Ded was a 14th century mystic poet 1…
poems are important to both Muslims and
Hindus. She was born in 1320 in Pandrethan,
2
… was the ancient capital of Kashmir. At the
time, it wasn’t considered necessary to educate
girls, but the family priest, 3… recognised her
intelligence, taught Lalla to read and write. Her
marriage, 4… had been arranged for her by her
parents when she was a small child, took place
when she was 12 years old to a man 5… was
chosen for his wealth. The relationship was
unhappy because the mother-in-law, 6… was
very jealous of Lalla, beat her. After six years,
Lalla ran away to become a religious mystic,
7
… was her true vocation. She loved to walk
around naked, 8… upset people, but her wisdom
and kindness meant that she was considered a
saint. Her poems, 9… celebrate the mystery of
life and its beauty, are a source of inspiration
to many, even today.
4b Reduce the relative clauses in activity 4a where
possible.
THAT’S ENGLISH!

5a Listen and complete the summaries of the
reviews of an exhibition.
75
A Alex strongly advises against seeing it:
1
dreadful, overpriced and 2… . Calling it
great art is simply 3… . Artist trying to be
4
… so people will go just for 5… . Found it
6
… and almost fell asleep!
B Gayle highly recommends it. Thinks
he’s an 7… artist, different from anyone
else. Abstract images very 8evocative:
some made her emotional. Describes
background music as 9haunting and 10… .
Didn’t understand all poetry, but found it
11
… − made her think. Says end part about
world peace was beautiful and 12… .
5b Answer the questions.
1 Which words from Alex’s review mean … ?
a very boring tedious
b very bad
c not as good as people say it is
d pretending to be special or clever but in
reality of little value
e something people argue and disagree about
f the interest something has because it
offends or surprises people
2 Which words from Gayle’s review mean … ?
a new and different from anything else
b makes you think
c creates a special mood or feeling
d calls up emotions and feelings
e both sad and moving and you can’t get it out
of your mind haunting
f inspiring and moving in a positive way
5c Write sentences about the topics listed (1-3).
Say when and where you experienced it and
why it affected you.
1 a haunting piece of music
A really haunting piece of music ...
THAT’S ENGLISH!
UNIT 8
2 something/someone you find pretentious
3 a tedious film or book
6a Look at the sentences and complete the
explanation with the words from the box.
a People who create their own art are very
imaginative.
b He doesn’t like people helping him, he’d prefer
to do things on his own.
c I enjoy being on my own, I never feel lonely.
action belongs done possessive
We use a 1… adjective + own to indicate that
something 2… to a specific person or thing,
or that an 3… is 4… by a specific person. The
expression on my/his own, etc., means alone or
by myself/himself, etc.
6b Complete the sentences with a possessive
adjective + own.
1 Use your imagination to create … style.
2 Most artists prefer … creations to those of
their peers.
3 We only exhibit … work at our gallery.
4 It was … fault she never sold anything.
5 He prefers being on … than in company.
6 The portrait was scary: it had a life of … .
7 I enjoy going to exhibitions on … .
7 When talking about art we often make
suggestions or recommendations, or give
advice. Complete the sentences using the
structures in brackets.
1 I wouldn’t go to that exhibition: it’s awful.
(suggest that) (recommend something to
someone)
I suggest that you don’t go to the exhibition:
it’s awful. / I don’t recommend the exhibition
(to you): it’s awful.
2 ‘Why don’t you go to the Tate Gallery?’, he
said. (advised someone to do something)
(suggested that)
3 ‘Don’t read that book: it’s terrible!’, I said. (advise
someone against + -ing) (recommend + -ing)
4 Ann said, ‘It’s a great film, you should see
it.’ (recommended something to someone)
(suggested + -ing)
5 I think you should go to the party. You’ll have a
great time! (advise someone to do something)
(suggest that)
Recommend, advise, suggest page 137
87
Art? Or not?
B Art on the run
DOCUMENTARY
1a In your opinion, what’s the difference between
‘street art’ and ‘graffiti’?
1b Watch the documentary about London street
art. Is the definition the same as yours?
2 Watch again and answer the questions.
1 How does David Stuart define street art at the
beginning of the video?
2 What do you need to know to enjoy and
appreciate street art?
3 Name the four different types of street art
David Stuart mentions.
4 Why does he say that graffiti writers ‘don’t
care about us’?
5 What’s the ‘big change’ that has happened
recently with regard to street art?
6 Who is Banksy and what’s special about him?
7 What’s the inspiration for Cept’s work?
8 Why does he believe that true graffiti can
never become part of mainstream culture?
SAME LANGUAGE, DIFFERENT LIVES
3 Think of an exceptional artist of any kind who
you personally admire or are influenced by.
Explain why.
4 Watch the video. The speakers were asked: In
which of the creative arts do you think your
country excels?
Which speakers … ?
1 say their country excels in all or most of the
arts
2 specifically mention music
3 mention acting/actors and performing
4 are proud of visual art in the form of painting
and drawing in their culture
5 refer to the film industry
6 talk about writers and literature
88
THAT’S THE USA!
5a Answer the questions about the American city
Philadelphia.
1 What do you know about this city? What
famous sights are there?
2 Why do you think it is considered the birthplace
of modern America?
5b Watch the video and check your answers to
activity 5a.
6 Watch again and answer the questions.
1 Philadelphia cuisine is famous for its … .
a steak with cheese
b special sandwich
2 William Penn, the founder of the city, believed
in … .
a religious freedom and democracy
b brotherly love
3 The declaration of independence and the US
constitution were signed in … .
a Independence Hall b Liberty Hall
4 The Liberty Bell represents … .
a the fight against slavery
b people’s different conceptions of liberty
5 300 is the number of … .
a artists employed by the city
b murals in the city
6 People who visit the Philadelphia Museum of
Art might also be interested in … .
a the history of migration b boxing
NOW YOU!
7 Who is your favourite writer? What is your
favourite book, film, TV programme, song or
music at the moment? Explain why.
My favourite writer is … . He/She’s … but …
have been translated into many languages.
His/Her best-known work, … is one of my
favourite books ever. It’s a really ... , ... story
about ... . His/Her novels are very ... and ...
and I re-read them regularly.
THAT’S ENGLISH!

SKILLS WORK
1 Read the extracts of the poems and say which one you prefer. Explain why.
If only out of vanity
I have wondered what kind of woman I will be
when I am well past the summer of my raging youth
Will I still be raising revolutionary flags
and making impassioned speeches …
Staceyann Chin (1972-)
Personally, I just love the Chin one …
2a Read the article about poetry slams. What are they and why have they become so popular?
✻ The art of slam
Until recently, poetry was always considered as one of
the least accessible art forms − something that a lot
of people found either pretentious or simply tedious.
However, the increasing popularity of poetry slams has
started to change this. A poetry slam is a competition
in which poets recite their own original work and their
performances are judged by members of the audience.
The first poetry slams were in Chicago and New York in
the 1980s, but they have gradually spread all over the
world across different languages and cultures from Japan
to Morocco. Spain has had its own national association,
Poetry Slam España, since 2012 and competes annually
in the European Poetry Slam Championships.
In the beginning, poets could wear costumes and use
props, music and dance to make their performance
2b True (✔) or false (✗)? Correct the false statements.
1 According to the writer, poetry’s previous
unpopularity was due to the fact that the
general public thought it boring and pompous.
2 Poetry slams are a world phenomenon and
have changed people’s attitudes towards
poetry.
3 Slam poets are often permitted to enhance
their performance by using accessories.
4 Only a select few may participate in slam
poetry competitions.
3a Listen to an interview with a slam poetry
champion. Which of the topics does he mention?
77
money manipulating emotions
fans audiences microphones
domestic violence power racism
political messages traditional poetry
THAT’S ENGLISH!
UNIT 8
Do not go gentle into that good night,
Old age should burn and rave at close of day;
Rage, rage against the dying of the light.
Dylan Thomas (1914-1953)
I prefer the Thomas poem ...
✻
more original and memorable, but nowadays, there
are often rules that restrict the performers to words
only. There is a time limit for each performance and
the poets are gradually eliminated in each round of
the competition until only the winner remains.
There are many different styles of slam poetry. Slam
poets are always trying something new and it’s up to
the audience to decide whether they like it or not.
Some poets hate slam because they say that art
should never be competitive, but one of the reasons
why slam is so popular is that anyone can try it. Slam
performers come in all shapes and sizes, from school
girls to old age pensioners. It’s a truly democratic art
form open to anyone who is excited by the power of
words. TRACK 76
3b Listen again and choose the correct answer.
77 1 Ed thinks that too many poets waste the
opportunity … .
a to move their audience
b to get a message across to their audience
2 He doesn’t want to … .
a exploit people’s emotions
b change the way people think
3 He thinks that the things that make traditional
poetry good … .
a are irrelevant to his writing
b are important in his writing
4 To engage his audience, Ed uses … .
a everything b body language and eye contact
4 Would you like to try slam as a member of the
audience or as a performer? Why?
I think I’d probably enjoy watching a poetry
slam, as it ...
89
Art? Or not?

WRITING
1a Listen to Nathan and Jenny talking about an art exhibition and complete the missing
information. Who has the most positive attitude about the exhibition?
78
Exhibition: the paintings of 1… − his 2… period Place: The National 3… in 4… .

1b Listen again and complete the expressions with one to three words per gap.

78 1 I’m not really … to it. 5 He is simply … painter of them all.

2 It’s all a bit too … for me. 6 I’ve never had the ... so many of his ... all together.
3 I don’t think … of modern abstract art. 7 It will be a … in a … experience.
4 I just can’t … all the … talk that goes with it. 8 I can’t … .

2a Read Jenny’s review of the exhibition and answer the questions.

A This exhibition in the National
Gallery is of the late works of
Rembrandt, from around 1650
until the artist’s death in 1669.
It’s enormously popular, so it’s
well worth reserving your tickets
online in advance, as we did, and
arriving early to avoid the crowds.
B At first glance, the exhibition
space itself also appears rather
cramped. I was expecting that
there would be more space for
each individual picture. However,
Self-portrait at the age of 63,
as we walked round, I began to REMBRANDT
enjoy the sense of opulence this
created. Rembrandt’s sumptuous colours and D All in all, I would definitely recommend this
textures and his dramatic use of light are what
make his paintings such masterpieces. I felt I
could almost touch the silk and fur and velvet.
The only downside is that there isn’t enough time
to look at every picture in detail.
C What I liked best were the portraits.
It’s easy to understand why
Rembrandt was in such demand as
a portrait painter and this is how his
career started. His portraits have a
sense of intimacy and tenderness
and the thoughtful expressions of
his subjects make them look and
feel surprisingly contemporary.
The high point of the whole
exhibition is the room containing
the artist’s self-portraits, over 80 of
them, which he painted throughout
his life, executed with great honesty
and attention to detail.
exhibition even to people who aren’t great fans of
classical art. It permits you to enjoy the sensuous
beauty of Rembrandt’s work, but also, through
the self-portraits, a sense of intimacy with the
artist himself.

1 What disappointed Jenny when she first walked into the exhibition?
2 In paragraph A, what two qualities does Jenny say make Rembrandt’s work exceptional?
3 What was her favourite part of the exhibition?
4 What surprised her about the portraits?

2b In which paragraph (A-D) does Jenny … ?

1 give her recommendation 3 talk about her first impressions

2 give practical details 4 talk about the highlight and what she liked best

3a The expressions in bold in the review describe the paintings in a more vivid way. Match the
expressions to the meanings (1-6).
1 how something feels when you touch it (n) 4 splendid and luxurious (adj)
2 being close to someone and knowing them well (n) 5 richness, luxury (n)
3 feelings of love and wanting to protect someone (n) 6 modern (adj)

3b The highlighted expressions in the review are for giving opinions. Match the expressions to
the meanings (1-4).
1 The best thing of all 2 The only bad thing 3 When I first saw it 4 It’s a good idea to

90 THAT’S ENGLISH!
 UNIT 8

Writing a review
4 You are going to write a review of an exhibition of Francisco de Goya’s work from his Dark
Period. Read the information leaflet and answer the questions.
1 Would you like to go to an exhibition like this?
2 When is the best time to go to the exhibition?
3 How would you buy your tickets?

10:00 a.m. - 7:00 p.m.

Goya’s Dark Period
Late-night opening:
Leopold & Leonard Gallery Tuesday & Wednesday 7-10:30 p.m.

Tickets - £20 • £15 if purchased in advance online for late-night opening

5a Listen to Andrea and Kara. What are their attitudes towards the exhibition?

79
5b Listen again and complete the table.

79 First impressionExhibition quite 1… . 2… music, very 3… . Lighting very 4… .

Images of 5… , 6… and 7… : 8… but exquisitely 9… . Drawings full of 10… ,
11
… details.
Describing
Faces drawn with 12… precision. Absolute 13… . Some of the most 14…
the paintings
images I’ve ever seen.
Drawings of witches not just about 15… : also have a 16… humour.
Absolutely 17… . I would 18… recommend it.
Recommendations
Extraordinary and 19… . But a bit 20… and 21… .

6a Write the plan for your review. Use the ideas below to help you.

Paragraph 1: practical details.

This exhibition of … is at … It’s going to be enormously popular so it’s well worth ...-ing your
ticket … It’s also a bit …
Paragraph 2: first impression.
At first glance … , but after a few minutes … , I was/wasn’t expecting … (lighting / music / atmosphere),
It’s easy to see that / understand why ... , The drawings and paintings portray images of …
Paragraph 3: description of the paintings and what you did/didn’t like (two or three things).
They are … but they are also … , They are full of … and drawn with … , The part of the
exhibition I liked best was …
Paragraph 4: conclusion.
All in all … , In conclusion, I found the exhibition absolutely … / too … for me … , I’m glad I
went … , I would /wouldn’t definitely recommend/go back.

6b Write your review (160-180 words). Use your notes from activity 6a. Remember to include:

• practical details
• your first impressions Goya’s dark paintings
• a description of the exhibition
This exhibition of paintings and drawings from
• a range of descriptive and evocative vocabulary
Goya’s dark period is at the Leopold & Leonard
• your opinions and recommendations Gallery in London. It’s going to be popular so ...
Writing Reference page 143

THAT’S ENGLISH! 91
 And they all lived
UNIT
9 happily ever after

OBJECTIVES
• To narrate the end of a story
• To correct misunderstandings

A The future perfect

BEFORE YOU WATCH 5 Karen has heard definite news that she has
achieved promotion at work.
1 Do you believe it’s possible to predict the future? 6 Omar feels he owes his new job to Karen’s
Would you like to know about your future? support.

WHILE YOU WATCH 5 Read the extracts and choose the option that
best matches the meaning of the words in bold.
2 Answer the questions.
1 Lizzie: Someone near you makes a decision
that affects their partner.
a comes to a resolution
b performs an action
2 Anthony: It wouldn’t be my cup of tea.
a It wouldn’t be attractive to me.
b It wouldn’t help me.
3 Danny: I knew something was up!
1 What does the tarot reader predict will happen?
a something important had happened
b something had improved
4 Karen: I knew there was something in it.
a there was a problem with the situation
b there was some truth in the matter

6 Complete the dialogue with an expression from

activity 5.
2 Which of Lizzie’s predictions have come true Kim: Have you heard the news? Sally is leaving
and which haven’t happened yet? − she’s got a fantastic job in Australia!
Liz: I thought 1... . She’s been very mysterious but
AFTER YOU WATCH smiling a lot lately. Do you know any more?
Kim: She’ll be working in the far north, on a
3 Answer the questions. project hundreds of miles from a road. It’s
usually 45 degrees!
1 According to the Tarot reader, what do the
following cards mean? Liz: Really? 2... . I can’t stand heat like that.
a The Lovers card c The Death card Kim: Sally doesn’t like very hot weather, but she
knew she had to 3… .
b The Sun card d The Fool card
Liz: I heard that she thought she might be
2 Why did Danny apply for the job in Qatar? made redundant soon so she was looking
around for another job.
4 Decide if the statements are true (✔) or false (✗).
Correct the false ones. Kim: It sounds as if 4... .

1 Anthony has no doubts about how to tell his

decision to his friends.
2 Danny is suspicious about Anthony and
Omar’s conversation.
3 Karen calls Danny a disrespectful name.
4 Karen changes her mind about the Tarot card
reading.
NOW YOU!
7 If you had to make a difficult decision, would
you ever consult a fortune-teller?
Honestly, when we have to make decisions
most of us would like to know what lies ahead.
I once had to decide about …

92 THAT’S ENGLISH!
 STREET INTERVIEWS
8a The speakers were asked: Can you describe the ending to a book or film that made an
impression on you?
1 Which types of memorable endings do you like?
dramatic with special effects sad and touching positive complicated surprising amusing

Kristen Chelsi Jameeka David Borislav Tina

2 Watch the video to see which ideas are mentioned.

8b Who says the ending was ... ?

1 about an alternative lifestyle at one with nature

2 so difficult to believe that an alternative version was also given
3 totally different to what was expected
4 extremely complex and difficult to follow
5 satisfying because good triumphed over evil
6 about a positive change in a character

8c Complete the extracts with the missing words.

Kristen: The 1… gives an alternative to what really happened.

Chelsi: I don’t want 2... , but it’s a really good ending.
David: The movie in general is about someone going out into the wild, 3... mainstream
society. […] And 4... the little small things around you, and that's always 5… me.
Borislav: That ending was really 6… .

ACTIVATE YOUR ENGLISH! 2 Gina became interested in eco-friendly living

and ... it by living in a tree-house.
9 Look at some of the expressions the speakers 3 Alice has gone on an expedition to the Amazon
used. Choose the correct meaning. but ... because I hate insects and snakes.
1 Chelsi: I don’t want to give it away. 4 The advice I received from my favourite teacher
has ... me all my life and I’ve followed it.
a to waste something
5 The car was completely stuck in the mud so
b to reveal what happened we had to ... it and hitchhike instead.
2 David: About someone going out into the wild, 6 When Helen told me the gossip about Nick, I
ditching mainstream society. didn’t believe it, but in fact, ... as he really is
a rejecting and leaving b forgetting going to travel round the world.
3 David: Embracing the little small things around 7 We had enjoyed watching that crime series
you. and it was very annoying when Jack ... before
a noticing b fully accepting we had seen the final episode.
4 David: It’s always stuck with me.
a remained in my mind NOW YOU!
b caused me problems
11 Describe the ending of a book or film that made
an impression on you.
10 Complete the sentences using expressions from
activities 5 and 9. One of my best films of all time is ... and
the ending is extremely ... It’s always stuck
1 When I arrived home on the night of Robert’s with me because …
accident, I knew from my parent’s faces that ... .

THAT’S ENGLISH! 93
And they all lived happily ever after
READING
1a Read the quote.Why might Einstein have thought
‘
fairy tales are good for a child’s development?
If you want your children to be intelligent,
read them fairy tales. If you want them to be
‘ way to liberation as in Cinderella? Is it acceptable to
more intelligent, read them more fairy tales.
Einstein
1b Listen to the explanation of the story behind
Einstein’s quote. What reason is given?
80
2a Read the text and match the paragraphs (1-4)
to the most suitable heading (a-e). There is one
extra heading.
a Black and white thinking d A touch of magic
b Retro appeal e Facing up to fear
c Time for an update?
Once upon a time is still a winner
1 Dragons, princes and fairy godmothers are hardly the
stuff of children’s everyday experience but fairy tales
seem to have an enduring appeal even today. Animated
films and cartoons of traditional stories are constantly
being produced because they bring big profits despite
the huge amount of more modern digital entertainment
available for children. Why do children still enjoy these
old and frankly frightening stories?
2 Parents today might avoid letting small children hear
a factual news story of a lost child but still read them
the terrifying tale of Hansel and Gretel, lost in the
forest and captured by a wicked witch who planned
to eat them! It seems bizarre but psychologists
believe fairy tales play a valuable role in helping
children deal with strong emotions like fear and
helplessness. Small children can safely direct their
feelings of aggression towards the bad wolf or the
wicked witch or confront their fears of meeting such
evil beings from the security of their own home.
3 At the same time, there are no grey areas in the fairy
tale world. Good always triumphs over evil and the
bad guys always come to a sticky end. Experts believe
the powerless child can identify with the difficulties and
success of the young hero or heroine, and this comforts
them that everything will turn out well in the end.
4 However, it must be said that some of the themes
of fairy tales are rather politically incorrect nowadays.
Do parents really want their daughters to think
94
marriage to a rich and powerful man is the only
call people of restricted growth by negative terms
(dwarves) as in Snow White? For these reasons, in
recent years there have been some hilarious attempts
to amend traditional tales to reflect changes in society
by introducing ideas of feminism and respect for all.
Still, it’s fairly certain that whilst adults may find these
new versions amusing, children will keep asking for the
familiar stories of old.
TRACK 81
2b Read the text again and answer the questions.
1 What demonstrates the ongoing popularity of
fairy tales even today?
2 What seems to be the contradiction about
telling small children fairy tales?
3 Why do fairy tales help children deal with
negative emotions?
4 How do the heroes and heroines help small
children?
5 Why do some people feel fairy tales are in
need of updating?
3a Read the tale of Goldilocks and choose the best
moral for the story.
1 Good manners cost nothing.
2 Treat others as you wish to be treated.
3 Your bad deeds are always discovered.
Goldilocks revisited
1
Once upon a time, there was a vertically-challenged
young female named Goldilocks who, being at a bit of a
loose end, decided to go for a walk in the forest. 2If she’d
been more thoughtful, she would have told her caregivers
where she was going. Her disappearance caused them
much anxiety. Soon she came upon a house. 3She
walked right in, which was not polite, as she should have
respected private property.
On the kitchen table, there were three bowls of porridge.
4
Goldilocks was hungry and didn’t stop to think about
the needs of others. She tasted the porridge from the
first bowl. It was too hot. 5The second was too cold.
Goldilocks did not appreciate how fortunate she was to
have a choice. So, she tasted the last bowl. 6‘Ahhh, this
porridge is just right,’ she said happily and she ate it all up
even though she had not been invited to.
Having eaten enough, she felt tired, so she went into
the bedroom, which was a shocking invasion of the
house-owners’ personal space. The smallest bed was just
right for her so she lay down.
As she was sleeping, 7the three bears came home and were
distressed to find their meal had been consumed by an
THAT’S ENGLISH!

unknown intruder. When they went into the bedroom,
Papa Bear growled, ‘Someone's been sleeping in my bed.’
‘Someone's been sleeping in my bed, too,’ said Mama Bear.
‘Someone's been sleeping in my bed and she's still
there!’ exclaimed Baby Bear.
Just then, Goldilocks woke up and saw the three bears.
She tried to run away without apologising, but Mama Bear
was furious and went off the deep end and said, ‘Actually,
you have been very disrespectful when eating our food
and using our beds without asking permission. Even
though we are a non-human species, it doesn’t give you
the right to abuse us. Bears have rights to privacy and a
family life too. If you’d waited and asked for our help, we
would have gladly given it.’ Goldilocks saw that she had
acted in a bear-prejudiced manner and agreed to attend
a course on celebrating equality and diversity across
species. At Mama Bear’s suggestion she got involved at
the local community centre providing emotional support
for homeless woodland creatures and came to value their
culture and beliefs, and they all lived in mutual respect
until the end of their natural lifespan. TRACK 82
3b Read the story again. Are the statements true
(✔) or false (✗)? Correct the false ones.
1 Goldilocks was aware of the effect of her
actions on her family.
2 Goldilocks was fussy about her food.
3 Mama Bear was only slightly upset with
Goldilocks.
4 Mama Bear criticised Goldilocks for acting
impulsively.
5 In the end Goldilocks changed her outlook
towards others.
4a Match the highlighted extracts from Goldilocks
revisited (1-7) to the traditional versions (a-g).
1d
a Goldilocks was hungry and the porridge looked
good, so she tried some from the big bowl.
b It was just right and so delicious that she ate it
all up.
c She didn’t tell her parents where she was
going, which really worried them.
d Once upon a time there was a little girl called
Goldilocks.
e She knocked and, as there was no answer, she
pushed the door open and walked in.
f The three bears looked around their home
and Papa Bear growled in a furious voice,
‘Somebody’s been eating my porridge!’
g When she tried the porridge from the second
bowl it was too cold, so she tried the porridge
from the tiny bowl.
THAT’S ENGLISH!
UNIT 9
4b Which of the endings would you expect to find
in the traditional version of Goldilocks?
1 Goldilocks woke suddenly and, after her initial
shock, explained why she was there; but the
bears kicked her out and she went home in tears.
2 Goldilocks woke suddenly, jumped out of bed,
and away she ran into the forest. The three
bears never saw her again.
5a Match the expressions (1-8) to the definitions
(a-h).
1 it’s not the end of the world
2 come to a sticky end
3 go off the deep end
4 be at the end of your tether
5 get the wrong end of the stick
6 burn the candle at both ends
7 be at a loose end
8 turn out well in the end
a have a happy ending
b lose your temper
c be stressed and unable to cope
d misunderstand information
e the situation is not serious
f stay up late and get up early
g have nothing particular to do
h die in a violent manner
5b Complete the sentences with an appropriate
expression from activity 5a.
1 The baby was crying and the washing machine
had flooded the kitchen and poor Cathy was ... .
2 I’m sure David said the heroine saved the day
but actually she died. I must have ... .
3 Peter lost his copy of his favourite book but it
... as Ruth had got hers.
4 When Liam refused to read, his dad ... .
5 Why don’t you come and help at the school’s
reading classes as you ... ?
6 It seems storybook villains often ... .
7 I haven’t finished the manuscript yet and the
deadline is tomorrow, so I’ll have to ... .
6 Discuss the questions with a partner.
1 When did you last go off the deep end and
what had happened?
The last time I went off the deep end was
at a bus station. I had asked ...
2 Describe a time when you were at the end of
your tether.
95
And they all lived happily ever after
LANGUAGE STUDY
1 Rewrite the sentences using a perfect participle.
1 After I had finished all my work, I watched TV.
After having finished all my work, I watched TV.
2 When he had killed the dragon, the prince
rescued the beautiful young girl.
3 Although I’d said I didn’t want a fairy tale
wedding, I soon began to change my mind.
4 After the writing team had discussed various
possible endings, they chose a happy one.
5 She had started to put the books in alphabetical
order and she felt she had to continue.
6 After we had spoken to the neighbours about
the noise problems, we felt relieved.
7 When I realised love stories aren’t real life, I
changed my attitude about relationships.
Perfect participles page 138
2 Complete the sentences with in the end or at
the end.
1 He tried hard to find romance but … he gave up.
2 … of the film many people were in tears.
3 The meeting continued until evening and …
they reached an agreement.
4 … of the party Rob and Martha announced
they were engaged.
5 It took years but … the writer managed to
produce a best-seller.
6 … of the creative writing course, everyone
agreed they had learnt a lot.
In the end and at the end page 138
3a Listen to the conversation. What are they
discussing?
83
3b Listen again and answer the questions.
83 1 What were Oscar Wilde’s real last words?
2 What did James Dean’s passenger report
about events before the crash?
3 Who was actor Humphrey Bogart talking to
just before he died?
4 What did Marie Antoinette really say the poor
of France should eat?
3c Listen again and complete the sentences.
83 1 ... it is ... believed that these were Wilde’s last
words, ... he said them several weeks earlier.
2 ... to what most people ... , his passenger didn’t
hear Dean say anything.
3 The ... of the ... is he said: ‘Goodbye, kid, hurry
back.’
4 … , what she said was: ‘Let them eat brioche’.
Correcting page 138
96
3d Complete the text with a suitable phrase using
a form of the words in brackets.
We often make assumptions about the way
our ancestors lived and believe they are facts.
For example, it is often said life expectancy
in the Middle Ages was low. 1... (actual),
people then could expect to live into their
sixties. 2... (commonly) that most people died
before they were 40, 3... (in) if people survived
childhood, they lived longer than we would
have expected. It is also often believed that
disease was the major cause of death but
4
... (matter) is many areas reported a high
number of deaths by drowning, as women fell
into rivers while washing clothes. 5... (think),
most of what we believe is inaccurate.
4a Listen to the conversation and choose the
correct answer.
84
The report is … .
1 late 2 incorrect 3 incomplete
4b Complete the sentences with the correct form of
the words in brackets.Then listen again and check.
84
1 You need to ... it as soon as possible. (amend)
2 I’ve highlighted all the areas that need ... in
red. (rectify)
3 The ... figure is 800,000 euros. (correct)
4 I’ll get on with the ... at once. (correct)
5 I’ll let you have the ... version. (amend)
6 The company has not found a ... for the
computer problems. (remedy)
7 We have spent thousands of euros on a ...
software programme. (remedy)
8 I’ll include that in the … . (amend)
9 I didn’t have time to ... it. (correct)
10 I’ll speak to Mr Hanson; this situation has to
be … at once. (remedy)
11 I expect to see the ... report in one week’s
time. (rectify)
4c Complete the paragraphs with the correct form
of the words from the box. Use one word in
different forms for each paragraph.
remedy correct amend rectify
A The estimated cost of the new rail line was
wrong and the directors were ask to 1... the
figures. After six months, the 2... figures
were again inaccurate and the management
had to make further 3... .
THAT’S ENGLISH!

B When completing a passport application
form you should check it before sending so
that you can 4... any errors. If there are errors
and you don’t make the necessary 5... , then
the form will be returned. Sending the 6...
form back again causes serious delays.
C When 7... students’ writing, it is best
not to highlight every 8... in red, as this
is demotivating. Instead, underline the
important errors and ask the learner to give
you the 9… version.
7 Complete the text with the correct form of the
D Homeowners are advised to 10... problems
with the roof quickly. Often, there is a cheap
and simple 11... if the work is done straight
away. Delays can mean a lot of expensive
12
... work later.
5a Read the dialogue between Alan (A) and Kate (K).
What big decision has Alan made?
A: Right, that’s it, I’m leaving the project.
K: Are you absolutely sure?
A: Yes! 1Even if they offered me more money,
I wouldn’t take it because the job is too
stressful.
K: But they gave you extra staff. Hasn’t that
helped?
A: Even though they appointed two junior
2
editors, it’s made no difference because
they’ve tripled the amount of work.
K: Fair enough. Won’t you miss working there?
A: Yes, I‘ll miss my colleagues. 3Still, it’s time to
move on. I’m going to take a creative writing
course and write a best-seller myself!
5b Look at the sentences in bold in activity 5a.
Answer the questions.
1 Which sentence (1 or 2) describes … ?
a a real situation b an unreal situation
2 Which connector means … ?
a despite the fact that c however
b whether or not
3 What is the best synonym for still in this context?
a additionally c consequently
b however
Even if, even though, still page 139
6 Complete the sentences with even if, even
though or still as appropriate.
1 ... Alice had studied hard, she found the
English exam very difficult.
THAT’S ENGLISH!
UNIT 9
2 ... Alice had studied hard, she would have
found the English exam difficult.
3 I hadn’t seen her for 30 years. ... , I recognised
her at once.
4 ... they saw a marriage counsellor for six
months, they decided to get a divorce.
5 Harry’s job was quite unchallenging. ... , the
pay was good so he decided to stay.
6 ... I could afford it, I wouldn’t go to the Amazon.
I can’t stand snakes and insects!
7 We couldn’t accept the invitation to visit them
in Rome. ... , it was nice to be asked.
verbs in brackets.
The fairy tale that went wrong
When Prince Charles married Diana Spencer
in 1981 there was rejoicing. With a beautiful
young bride, a romantic dress, and a prince,
it should have been a fairy tale wedding but,
sadly, the couple didn’t live happily ever
after. It seems it wasn’t fairy godmothers
who brought them together, but scheming
mothers, who didn’t want Charles to marry
his real love, Camilla. What 1... (happen) if
Charles 2... (marry) Camilla? Undoubtedly,
Diana 3... (not experience) the misery of
being married to a man in love with another
woman. If Diana 4... (not marry) Charles so
young, she 5... (be able to) mature and choose
a more compatible partner. If Charles 6... (not
continue) his relationship with Camilla after
he was married, he and Diana 7... (have) a
better marriage. But none of that was to be.
On that dreadful night in Paris when Diana
was killed, if she 8... (wait) for an official driver
rather than use Henri Paul (who apparently
had been drinking), she probably 9... (live). It’s
possible that if she 10... (marry) Dodi Fayed,
it 11... (cause) embarrassment for the British
Royal Family. But we’ll never know.
Speculating page 139
97
And they all lived happily ever after

B Happy endings?
DOCUMENTARY 4 Listen to the speakers and decide if the
statements are true (✔) or false (✗). Correct the
1 Tick (✔) some reasons why murder mysteries false ones.
are so popular.
1 A new custom in New Zealand involves
1 They help us understand our society. scattering the deceased’s ashes at Easter.
2 We can see ourselves reflected in the 2 It’s important to have a procession of people
characters’ reactions. following the hearse in Ireland.
3 We love to be thrilled. 3 Funerals are major events in Ireland and Scotland.
4 We like the intellectual challenge of solving 4 Nowadays in Australia, there is less
mysteries. emphasis on the religious event and more on
appreciating the deceased person’s life.
2 Watch the documentary and complete the 5 It is still the custom in India to engage
sentences. professional mourners.
1 Many people experience insomnia because 6 An epitaph is what is written in a newspaper
they’re addicted to the … and … of the mystery about the deceased person.
or crime novel. 7 Wakes are less customary now in the USA.
2 More than half the UK population read murder
mysteries also called ... . THAT’S THE USA
3 Crime novels and crosswords became popular
at the same time and appeal to a ... . 5 What kinds of foods and sports do you think of
as typically American?
4 Agatha Christie has remained popular because
she’s got wonderful ... and her stories are 6 Watch the video of Alex’s visit to New Haven,
always on ... . Connecticut and choose the correct options.
5 Murder Experts is a company which puts on …
in hotels and country houses. 1 The first hamburger sandwich was made in
6 Peter Giles says the hardest part of writing a New Haven in … .
plot is to produce an ... . a 1895 b 1929 c 1900
7 According to Peter Giles, people love murder 2 Frank Pepe’s pizzeria is … in the United States.
mysteries because they give people an a the oldest in the US c definitely the best
intellectual … to solve and there’s a sense of
b the fourth oldest
… at the end.
3 Shubert Theatre has held … than any theatre
on Broadway.
SAME LANGUAGE, DIFFERENT LIVES a more musicals
3 Match the pictures (1-3) to the words below (a-c). b more Marlon Brando´s plays
c more stage debuts
a mourners b a wake c a hearse
4 Bill Clinton used to … Yale.
1 2 a be employed by c study at
b be president of
5 The lollipop was invented in New Haven and
named after … .
a a race b a horse c a company
6 The first practices of American football were ... .
a on a rugby field c in the street
b on the Green at Yale
3 7 The original Frisbee was part of … .
a a cake b a plate c a pie

NOW YOU!
7 What happens in your country when someone
dies?
When someone dies in … usually there …

98 THAT’S ENGLISH!
 UNIT 9
SKILLS WORK
1 Tick (✔) what you think are the most common reasons why relationships come to a sticky end.
lack of communication falling out of love wanting different things financial or work stress
not spending quality time together infidelity lack of shared interests

2a Read and complete the article (1-4) with the missing phrases (a-d).

a if there’s no return c how can you lessen the breakup stress?

b women find infuriating is when d men find it much harder than women

Men often find it hard to deal with powerful emotions. Relationship advisor,
Dr Franklin Cox, gives advice for men on how to deal with a breakup.
Is it the end of the road for your relationship?
I’ve often found that 1… to face the emotional fallout Another aspect of
when a relationship ends and it seems there’s little advice men and breakups
available, so I’d like to smooth the way where possible. Most that 3… men suggest
importantly, are you sure you’ve reached the end of the road? they can now just be
I find men tend to approach a counsellor as a last resort, but friends because then
this is unwise. You may think you know the problems but a they feel less guilty.
professional can help you discover the real problem. It may Avoid this at all costs
well be you have a lot in common, and with skilled help, you as it’s just not possible initially. You may have been thinking
can save the situation and live (fairly) happily ever after. about leaving for a while, but it’s unlikely your partner will
However, 2… , there are some definite dos and don’ts on how have. Much processing is needed and then, after a few years,
to handle the situation. Do recognise that there will be a you may become good friends.
painful period of adjustment for both and this is unavoidable. In the short term, 4… Tell the important people in your life and
Give your partner the courtesy of explaining why you want to accept their support, but remember some family and friends
move on. Don’t go off the deep end and announce the bad may be upset. Think of what you need to do to move forward

(online source)
news when you’re at the end of your tether, or just before your − such as planning a trip, or taking up a new interest. Above
partner’s about to go to work or to pick up the children. Choose all, treating your ex with respect will help you both to move
a peaceful time. It goes without saying that you should never on and realise that the end of a relationship isn’t necessarily
TRACK 89
end it by text, email, phone call or simply leaving. the end of the world. TRACK 85

2b Read the article again and answer the questions.

1 According to Dr Cox, it’s advisable to do what before deciding to split up?

2 What process is essential when people end a relationship?
3 Why is becoming friends not a quick and easy solution?
4 What is the most important aspect of making the breakup process less tense?

3a Listen to the conversation. What are they discussing?

86
3b Listen again. Did Leo and Nick like or dislike the endings of … ?

86 1 The Ninth Gate 2 2001, a Space Odyssey 3 Sunshine

3c Listen again. Complete the chart with their reasons for liking or disliking the endings.

86 The Ninth Gate 2001, A Space Odyssey Sunshine

A 6
… film, very unusual and
Leo 1… , all the 2… were there. The 11… didn’t fit in at all.
7
….
Waste of 3… watching it. 8
… stiff by it. No 9… message: Ruined a good film by
Nick 4
… film-making. Could have used … . everyone was 10 … .
5
turning it into a 12… film.

4 Write a short blog post (80-100 words) to correct the statement: ‘Hollywood film-makers
believe audiences always want a happy ending’.

Although directors commonly believe film audiences will be upset unless there is a happy ending, in fact, it
sometimes spoils the story because real life isn’t like that. We are adults and we can cope with …

THAT’S ENGLISH! 99
And they all lived happily ever after

SPEAKING
1a What was your favourite fairy tale as a child?
Tell a partner why you liked it.

Alice in Wonderland was definitely my

favourite fairy tale as a child and it still is!
Oddly enough, the character I adored was
the Queen of Hearts, and I would run around
the house saying, 'Off with his head!'

Alice in Wonderland, Tim Burton, 2010. Walt Disney Pictures

1b It is said there are only seven basic story plots. Listen to the conversation and match the plots
(1-7) to the endings (a-g).
87
1 overcoming the monster 3 the quest 5 comedy 7 rebirth
2 rags to riches 4 journey and return 6 tragedy
a The hero or heroine goes to a strange place and comes back having learnt many valuable lessons.
b The leading character, who is imperfect or evil, eventually comes to a sticky end.
c An important event causes the main character to change and become a better person.
d The hero or heroine starts off poor but ends up rich and in love.
e The main character, often accompanied by friends, goes on a dangerous journey to find the
treasure.
f The hero or heroine tries to stop a dangerous being or force which is attacking their country.
g A happy tale where the hero and heroine overcome the amusing obstacles to their love.

1c Discuss with a partner and label the stories below with the seven basic plots from activity 1b.

1 Beauty and the Beast 5 Hamlet

2 St George and the Dragon 6 Mr Bean
3 Goldilocks and the Three Bears 7 Pretty Woman
4 Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows

Tragedy would fit Hamlet, because although he has

some good qualities, as time goes on, he destroys
everyone who loves him because he is so angry at his
mother’s remarriage. In the end, he has to die ...

Hamlet, Kenneth Branagh, 1996. Castle Rock Entertainment

2a When telling a story it’s important to indicate to your listeners when you are going to begin
and when you are going to end. Listen and complete the sentences.
88
Beginnings
1 Are you ... ? Then I’ll begin. There was ... a princess ... 3 ... away and ... ago, there was a handsome prince ...
2 ... in the olden ... when there was real magic ... 4 Once ... a time ...

Endings
1 In a ... 2 The ... of the story is: always listen to your parents. 3 To ... a long story ... , they fell in love.

2b Decide if the expressions are beginnings or endings.

1 and for all I know, they are living there to this day 4 they all lived happily ever after
2 a long time ago in a distant land 5 but that’s another story
3 in a faraway kingdom

3 Intonation is important in storytelling to get the listener’s interest and to indicate when the
story is finished. Listen to the expressions in activities 2a and 2b and repeat.
89
Pronunciation Guide page 146

100 THAT’S ENGLISH!

 UNIT 9

Production: telling a story

4a Read Momotaro, a traditional tale from Japan. Which of Booker’s seven basic plots does it follow?

1
... there lived an old couple in the country of Okayama.
The old man went every day into the mountains to
cut wood while his wife would go to the river to wash
clothes. 2... , while the old woman was down at the river,
a giant peach came floating towards her! It looked so
delicious she decided to take it home for their lunch.
When the old man came home, the old woman cut the
peach open, and 3... , there was a small boy inside! They
decided to call him Momotaro, which means ‘peach boy’.
4
... , they had a child!
The old couple raised Momotaro to be brave and strong.
5
... , he decided to go and defeat some evil bandits who
were attacking his village.The old woman made him some
delicious cakes for his long journey. 6... , a monkey, a dog
and a bird joined Momotaro, and he promised to give
them a cake each if they would help him fight the bandits.
7
... the bandits’ castle, Momotaro and his friends found
that the castle gate was locked. The bird flew inside and
found the key. 8... , they fought the evil bandits. The bird
attacked their eyes, the dog bit their legs, and the monkey
jumped on their backs, scratching them. 9... , the bandits
cried for mercy! They gave Momotaro all their gold and
jewels and he returned triumphantly to his village and his
parents. 10... , they are living there to this day.
TRACK 90

4b Complete the spaces in the story with a suitable expression from below.

once inside at last to their surprise and for all I know having reached
once upon a time one day (x2) to cut a long story short on the way

4c Nowadays traditional fairy tales can seem old-fashioned, so some storytellers change the
endings to reflect modern society. Read the modern ending of the Momotaro tale. Do you like
it? Why? Why not?

The bandits cried for mercy! Momotaro instantly stopped and said: ‘It’s time you stopped attacking your neighbours and learnt to live
in a civilised way. You are obviously good at fighting. Why don’t you open a school to teach martial arts like judo and contribute to
society?’ The bandits agreed and in return for Momotaro not calling the police, they agreed to give him a percentage of the profits.
The business did well and so Momotaro returned to his family happy that he’d helped the bandits become useful members of society.

5 Match the traditional endings (1-6) to the modern day equivalents (a-f).
1 A handsome prince rescues a helpless girl. 4 The villains are imprisoned.
2 The evil character is killed. 5 The monster is destroyed.
3 The hero finds the treasure and becomes rich. 6 The ugly, poor, and disabled people are not respected.
a The hero uses his riches to help the poor and needy.
b The villains repent committing crimes and get support to become good citizens.
c The monster is caught and taken to a secure wildlife park for veterinary treatment.
d All members of society are treated with respect.
e The young woman sets up a business and becomes independent without a man.
f The wrongdoer changes and tries to lead a better life.

6 Tell a story with an updated ending using the model in activity 4a and the modern endings in
activity 5 to help you. Remember to include the following:
• suitable opening and ending phrases
• appropriate intonation to create interest Once upon a time there was a giant black bear that …
• an amusing modern ending

THAT’S ENGLISH! 101

 OBJECTIVES
Revision 2
LANGUAGE REVISION
1 Join the two sentences using a relative clause
and commas where necessary. If possible, omit
the relative pronoun and use a reduced relative
clause.
1 The sculpture has been lent to the National
Museum. The sculpture depicts the goddess
Diana.
The sculpture depicting the goddess Diana
has been lent to the National Museum.
2 The artist died in poverty. His paintings are
now being exhibited at the local art gallery.
3 The paintings are still in his studio. The
paintings were completed five years ago.
4 Teaching art is a challenge. I really enjoy it.
5 I couldn’t hear the singers very well. This was
disappointing.
6 I finally got to see the exhibition. You told me
about it.
7 The performance lasted four hours. It was
surprisingly good.
2 Complete the sentences using the correct form
of the verbs in brackets.
1 She … to the shops because her husband had
already bought everything. (need / go)
She didn’t need to go to the shops because
her husband had already bought everything.
2 The house … . It hasn’t been done for years.
(need / paint)
3 The candidates … calculators in the exam in
case they had programmed them with extra
information. (allow / use)
4 He copied the whole text by hand, but he …
that because the teacher wanted a digital copy.
(need / do)
5 Don’t worry. You … the bus. I’ll give you a lift.
(have / catch)
6 Eating chewing gum … in Singapore in 1992.
(ban)
7 If you work for the police, you … any personal
information about citizens to the press. (must /
reveal)
8 I thought the project was due in on Friday, but in
the end I … it until next Monday. (need / finish)
9 It was clear that the elderly couple … help with
moving the furniture. (need / get)
Choose the correct option.
3
I 1bitterly / strongly recommend against
defending those people. None of their stories
2
is / are convincing. Their explanations are
102
• To review the contents of units 5-9
3
ridiculously / completely complicated.
4
Even though / Still, I am more inclined
to believe the sister’s version of events.
5
Few / Little people will have sympathy with
the brother after his awful behaviour. I’m not
6
whatsoever / at all interested in helping him.
However, in the end, I reckon 7both / most
of them 8is / are lying so you’ll have to find
the truth elsewhere. Everyone 9has / have
an opinion, but you should take my advice.
Don’t help either of them.
4a Rewrite the questions using question tags for
emphasis.
1 Will you help me with my homework?
2 Has she changed her mind again?
3 Does he feel younger than he is?
4 Are you at the end of your tether?
4b Listen to the question tags and decide if the
intonation is falling ➘ (confirming information)
92 or rising ➚ (a real question).
5 Complete the text with the correct form of the
verbs in brackets.
The causes of war are essentially always the
same. The struggle for power moves armies.
In World War I, if Germany 1… (not / send)
a telegram to Mexico inviting them to fight
against their neighbours, the US 2… (not /
get) involved. Or maybe if the telegram 3…
(not / intercept) by spies, the US president
4
… (never / know) Germany’s plans until it
was too late. In World War II, it is said that if
power-hungry Hitler 5… (not / elect), then the
war 6… (not / start). The fact is that if Germany
7
… (discuss) their relations with Poland instead
of invading, then things 8… (be) very different.
6 Complete the second sentence so that it has a
similar meaning to the first. Use the words in
brackets. Write between two and five words.
1 Before he left, they gave him his passport.
(departure)
Prior … , they gave him his passport.
2 As soon as I saw him, I recognised his hat.
(sooner)
No … him than I recognised his hat.
THAT’S ENGLISH!

3 I really don’t like his attitude. (object)
I … his attitude.
4 It’s a good idea to buy that tablet. (worth)
It’s well … that tablet.
5 I wrote the book, then I designed the front
cover. (having)
After … the book, I designed the front cover.
6 I suggest you don’t stay in that hotel. (against)
I advise … in that hotel.
7 If you took the job, you would earn a lot of
money. (to)
Were ... the job, you would earn a lot of money.
8 They try not to help their children and let them
study by themselves. (own)
They try not to help their children and let them
study … .
7 Complete the sentences with a preposition or
particle.
1 His estimate was spot … .He calculated exactly
the right figure.
2 The business isn’t making a profit yet, but …
the long run I think it’ll be successful.
3 I was disappointed that we didn’t win the
championship … the end, even though we
played well.
4 Although he set … to be a great athlete, his
injury destroyed his promising career.
5 He gave up his job … account of family
commitments.
6 We don’t let students go home early … a rule,
but today I’ll make an exception.
7 The hotel wasn’t great, but all … all I really
enjoyed the trip.
8 We had a party … the end of the course.
8 Complete the sentences with the correct form
of the words in brackets.
1 Despite his family’s … to the plan, he went to
volunteer in Sudan. (oppose)
2 He has come up against a lot of … for his
comments in the debate. (criticise)
3 I hate my father’s look of … whenever I bring
my boyfriend home. (disapprove)
4 The whole team expressed their … of the way
the incident had been handled. (condemn)
5 I was surprised by her … to join the party. (refuse)
9 Choose the correct option.
A: Well that was a 1dreadful / amusing meeting!
I was bored 2still / stiff by all that talk about
budgets.
B: It wasn’t that bad. You know, we do need to
3
amend / solve some of the figures.
THAT’S ENGLISH!
Revision 2
A: Yes, but I think cutting the staff by half is too
4
ruthless / selfish. Those poor people!
B: I think the powers that be are trying to
5
empower / undermine the trade union by
blaming them for the loss in profits.
A: You’re right. If we’re not careful we’ll end up
with no pension in our 6dotage / adulthood.
B: Yes, we shouldn’t 7urge / allow management
to refuse us our rights.
A: I can’t see it 8turning / coming out well in the
end.
B: Don’t be so 9gloomy / haunting!
10 Use a word from column A with a word from
column B to complete the sentences.
A B
peer honoured
time- doer
knee- opinion
humble end
sticky pressure
wrong high
1 It is a … practice in this company to go to the
annual family picnic.
2 I’m not an authority on this, but in my … I think
it’s a bad idea.
3 Many children are influenced by … to do
things that are wrong.
4 He takes too many risks. One day he’ll come to
a….
5 I’ve been interested in cars since I was … to a
grasshopper. They were my favourite toys.
6 In traditional stories, the … always loses.
11 Complete the sentences with a word from the
box. There are three words you don’t need.
stick glance idea life look matter
rocket art tether
1 Positive people recover from illness more
quickly. It’s a question of mind over … .
2 Come on! You can solve this problem. It’s not
… science.
3 I was trying to be funny, but he got the wrong
end of the … and was offended.
4 She’s so good at choosing gifts for people. She
does it so often that she has it down to a fine … .
5 The book seemed interesting at first … , but
when I read it, I found it boring.
6 I had had a very hard week, so when my car
broke down I was at the end of my … and
started crying.
103
Revision 2

SKILLS WORK
1a What kinds of reading material do you like? Tick (✔) the ones you have used.

Star Wars: Episode VI:

Return of the Jedi,
Marvel Comics,
November 2015

DR. SEUSS
HarperCollins
Publishers, May 2003

SATRAPI, MARJANE
Random House,
November 2007

1b Read the text. Why does the author say the concept of reading is changing? Which examples
are mentioned?

The future of writing (and reading!)

There are many different ways to approach writing a
book. Some writers draft out the whole story in advance
so they know exactly how it is going to finish. Some
begin a story 1… how it will turn out in the end. Others
even write the ending first and then decide how the
story started. However, nowadays there is often more to
a book than simply a series of printed pages.
In the world of children’s books, illustration makes the story
more appealing to children. The Harry Potter books have
all been re-released full of colourful pictures 2… young
readers. The illustrations don’t reflect the films, but instead
create a whole new idea of how Hogwarts would have
looked. Some of these images 3… are considered works of
art and can be valuable in themselves. An E. H. Shepard
illustration of Winnie the Pooh and Christopher Robin,
published in The House at Pooh Corner by A. A. Milne, was
sold at a Sotheby’s auction in 2014 for £314,500.
In recent years, there has been a rise in popularity of the
graphic novel. These books are not a literary genre, but
use a different format to communicate the message.4…
they tell a story, recount a historical event, or explain
a scientific discovery with very few words but lots of
images. They are similar to comic books but they do
not have serialised stories. We can read works such as
Dracula, Romeo and Juliet or Metamorphosis in these
trendy formats. The illustrators are true artists, as great
skill is 5… the characters and their feelings as well as not
straying from the original plot.
E-books have become an extremely fashionable way
to read, providing the reader with a portable library to
access 6… . Technology has also led to an increase in
so-called interactive novels. These give the reader a
choice in the development of the plot, depending on
the path they want to take, so the hero can 7… or live
happily ever after, according to the reader’s decisions.
The concept of reading is changing. No longer do we
have only one option, that is, a number of pages stuck
together with a bus ticket as a bookmark. The industry
is 8… to attract readers and hopefully keep the love of
reading alive. TRACK 93

2 Read the text again and complete it with the missing lines (a-h).
a drawn to illustrate a story e through a series of comic-type illustrations,
b constantly searching for new ways f when and where they feel like it
c needed to portray g making the story come alive for
d even though they don’t know h come to a sticky end

104 THAT’S ENGLISH!

 Revision 2

3a Listen to a debate between Bob and Jenny on 2 Traditional stories always have the best endings.
the statement: There should be an obligatory 3 Any object or event can be a work of art.
94 retirement age for people in power. Who is in
favour and who is against this idea? 6 Do these phrases come at the beginning (B) or
end (E) of a story?
3b Listen again and decide if the sentences are
true (✔) or false (✗). Correct the false ones. 1 are you sitting comfortably?
94
2 once upon a time
1 Bob feels that the Queen of England should
retire. 3 the moral of the story is
2 The Queen has ruled the country since 1952. 4 and they all lived happily ever after
3 Jenny tells us that US Supreme Court judges 5 in a faraway kingdom
keep their job until they die. 6 and for all I know
4 Bob thinks individuals should decide if they
can continue to do a job well. 7a Put the events in order to make a story. Start
5 Several leaders of the Catholic Church have with sentence 2.
voluntarily retired over the past few years.
Why is the sea salty?
6 Jenny thinks it’s not safe to let some older
people be leaders. 1 He could make anything with the hand mill, so
he never lacked food again.
7 Jenny says that more over-70s are employed
in private business than in politics or the legal 2 A poor man asked his brother for some food
system. on Christmas Eve.
8 The presenter suggests that leaders should 3 A rich merchant bought the hand mill to make
stop work when they are older. salt so that he wouldn’t have to travel to get
supplies.
4 Match the expressions (1-10) to the functions (a-e). 4 His mean brother gave him some meat but
told him to literally go to hell.
1 I don’t accept that for one minute.
5 The poor brother did as he was told, took the
2 By and large, … meat and went to hell.
3 Take … for example. 6 He took the hand mill on his ship and told the
4 I suppose so, fair enough. hand mill to make salt, but he didn’t know how
5 Spot on! to stop it.
6 As a rule, … 7 The hand mill made so much salt that the ship
7 I don’t see it that way myself. sank and the hand mill continues making salt
at the bottom of the sea.
8 Possibly, but …
8 The devil in hell wanted his meat and in
9 That’s perfectly true. exchange gave him a magic hand mill.
10 Imagine you were …
7b Now tell the story about why the sea is salty
a making generalisations using some of the expressions from activity 6.
b illustrating a point
c expressing objections 8 Read the information about a course. Write a
d agreeing reluctantly formal letter to send to professionals to invite
e agreeing wholeheartedly them to attend. Use the suggestions in unit 6
to help you.
5 Discuss these statements with a partner and
Business Solutions
give examples to justify your opinion. Use some
of the expressions from activity 4. • presentations
• two-day course for sales professionals
1 Formality is no longer so necessary in modern Friday 21st – Saturday 22nd April
society.
• talks and workshops on speaking skills, IT,
I would agree with this motivation and many other topics
statement. Modern That may be so, • networking opportunities with colleagues in your field
society has changed but I still try to • four-star accommodation included
tremendously and we act according to
are much more relaxed who I’m with. I Dear colleague,
now. mean, if …
I am writing to you on behalf of Business Solutions to
cordially invite you to …

THAT’S ENGLISH! 105

UNIT
10
READING COMPREHENSION I
Exam Strategies
Multiple matching
Exam tip
✱ Read the text through first to get a general idea of
what it is about.
1 Read the text quickly and choose the best option.
The text is about … .
1 encouraging people to become interested in art
2 the value of good works of art
3 the difficulty in defining good art
Exam tip
✱ The headings often contain words that have a
similar meaning to other words in the paragraph.
Read each paragraph and ‘test’ each heading to see
if it fits. Eliminate the ones that definitely don’t.
2 Look at the headings and decide which one
relates to paragraph A.
1 Is fame the only standard?
2 Enjoyment of a work of art is subjective
3 Taking a risk with art
Exam tip
✱ The information you need to choose the correct
option may not necessarily come at the beginning
of a paragraph: it may be related to the paragraph
as a whole or just to a part of it.
3 Look at paragraph A again. Where is the
information to find the heading for paragraph A?
1 in the first sentence
2 in another part of the text
3 in the text as a whole
4 Read the text again and match the most suitable
heading (1-8) to the paragraphs (A-E). There are
three extra headings.
1 Is fame the only standard to value art?
2 Famous artists
3 Critical of the art world
4 Copying art has paid off in the long term
5 Enjoyment of a work of art is subjective
6 Profit involves risk
7 Art appreciation takes some effort
8 The future for an artist
106
The value of art
A When we observe a work of art, we all look at it
from different points of view. Maybe you like the
colours. Perhaps it was created by an artist you
have heard about and admire. Or possibly it has
great sentimental value. On the other hand, you
might hate it because of what you associate with
the subject, for instance, a painting depicting a
violent act might repulse you. All of these things
influence what we consider to be good art.
B While each individual has an opinion about
a painting or sculpture, it is market forces
that decide the value of the price tag. The
extraordinary sums of money paid for some
works of art are sometimes questionable.
However, many purchasers are using art as a
way to invest, gambling on the future value of a
work by a modern artist. When interest rates are
low, investors turn to art as a way of earning a
better rate, but it doesn’t go without its dangers.
Who knows if the work of an unknown artist will
increase in value in the long term?
C Those making an investment in art obviously
want the real thing, so a great deal of effort is
spent analysing whether a work of art is genuine.
However, for centuries forgers have made near
perfect copies of works by great masters. Why
are these paintings not as valuable as an original
piece of work? They look the same and must
surely give the same pleasure to the observer.
Imagine if the Mona Lisa really had been painted
by an apprentice of Leonardo da Vinci. Would it
be any less beautiful?
D Talented forgers have sometimes made a name
for themselves in their own right. A British artist,
Tom Keating, began creating forgeries attributed
to great artists, such as Rembrandt, in protest
against the exploitation of artists by gallery
THAT’S ENGLISH!

owners in the 1950s. He used special techniques
which would later reveal the deception, such
as painting over a layer of glycerine so that
when the painting was cleaned the paint would
disappear. When this was discovered in 1976, his
works were classed as worthless; remarkably
they now sell for thousands of pounds.
E In the end, to appreciate art you need to work
at it. You can simply look and examine your
own reactions to the work, you can learn about
the history of the artist and his time to better
understand the context, or you can study and
admire the techniques used. A combination of
these methods will bring a greater understanding
(online source)
of what makes art valuable, not only in monetary
terms but for personal enrichment.
TRACK 95
READING COMPREHENSION II
Finding information in a text
Exam tip
✱ When you are scanning for specific information, you
won’t have time to read the whole text in order. In
fact, the information you need may not come in the
same order as the questions.
1
Read the text. In which paragraph will you find
information about … ?
1 clothes 3 reading material 5 tourism
2 health 4 documents
Exam tip
✱ Don’t worry about words you don’t know if they are
not needed to answer the questions.
2 Read the text below and answer the question:
What food is not allowed?
1 Underline the words in the question and
text you need to understand to answer the
question.
2 Can you answer the question without knowing
the meaning of scantily?
Other prohibitions are alcohol, pork or
any publication (electronic or otherwise)
showing scantily dressed women or any
form of pornography.
THAT’S ENGLISH!
UNIT 10
3 Imagine you are going to work for a multinational
in Saudi Arabia. Read the text and answer the
questions.
1 How long does it take to get a visa for Saudi
Arabia?
2 I have dual nationality, which passport should
I use?
3 Do I need to take out my own health insurance?
4 Will I be able to drive a car?
5 Can I visit the country freely?
6 In which places can I drink alcohol?
Advice to employees
A The company will provide full travel and medical
insurance before you travel. You will find excellent
hospitals and other healthcare facilities in
Riyadh. In the case of serious illness or accident,
repatriation is covered by the company insurance.
If you need to bring medicines with you, make
sure that you have a doctor’s prescription as any
illegal drug use is strictly forbidden.
B It is illegal to practise any other religion than
Islam. During Ramadan it is forbidden to eat,
drink or smoke in public during the hours of
daylight. If you are a non-Muslim you are not
allowed to visit the pilgrimage sites of Mecca
and Medina. If you are permitted to visit these
places, photography of any kind is not allowed.
In other places it is also forbidden to take photos
of government buildings and it is advisable not
to try to take photos of local people.
C It is important to follow dress codes. Shorts are
unacceptable for men and women must wear
loose-fitting conservative clothes under an
optional long black cloak called an abaya as well
as a headscarf. Women are not allowed to drive.
D Other prohibitions are alcohol, pork or any
publication (electronic or otherwise) showing
scantily dressed women or any form of
pornography. Remember that a prison sentence
is a common punishment for breaking these laws.
E You must have a photocopy of your passport
with you at all times for identification. It is
illegal to have more than one passport in Saudi
Arabia, so if you have dual nationality, only use
one nationality for all your visa applications and
leave your other passport at home.
F Visitors and residents employed in Saudi Arabia
are required to have a valid visa to enter and
leave the country. You should make your visa
(online source)
application at least two weeks before you travel
as processing takes up to ten days.
TRACK 96
107
Exam Strategies
LISTENING COMPREHENSION I
Multiple matching
Exam tip
✱ Read all the situations and think about what kind
of words the speakers might use to express the
ideas.
1 Match the situations (1-3) to the words (a-i) that
you might hear in the listening.
1 a friend who disappointed them
2 feeling positive about a friendship
3 a time when they had an invaluable experience
a agreeable f sorry
b awful g unforgettable
c character-building h upset
d forgive i worthwhile
e good together
Exam tip
✱ Make a note of all the possible options for each
situation when you first listen. Eliminate the
incorrect answers when you listen for a second time.
2 Listen to three conversations between people
talking about relationships. Then, match the
97
conversations (1-3) to the phrases (a-h). There
are two extra phrases.
In which dialogue does one of the speakers talk
about … ?
a a friend who disappointed them
b a person who helped them with their career
c a time when they made someone angry
d feeling bad about their past behaviour
e being sad because someone lost their memory
f someone they love
g having a difficult time at work
h someone who committed a crime
LISTENING COMPREHENSION II
Multiple choice
Exam tip
✱ Listen for synonyms or paraphrases of the words in
the question and the options.
108
1 Listen to the first part of the recording and write
the words you hear that have a similar meaning
98
to the words below.
1 looking after children (noun)
2 help (expression)
3 authority (noun)
4 creator (noun)
5 young children (noun)
Exam tip
✱ Sometimes more than one option may seem
possible. When you listen for the second time check
that all the details of the option are correct.
2a Listen to the first part of the recording again.
Choose the correct option.
98
1 The guests on the programme … .
a are both writers
b help look after their grandchildren
c know a lot about bringing up children
d have young grandchildren
2b Listen again. Underline the incorrect words in
the other options in activity 2a.
98
3 Now listen to the rest of the programme. Choose
the correct option. You will hear the recording
99 twice.
2 The cost of childcare … .
a comes to billions of pounds
b is reduced by family connections
c can vary dramatically
d is calculated independently
3 Some grandparents … .
a are too old to look after young children
b pay towards childcare
c take time off to help
d find it expensive to care for their grandchildren
4 Grandparents sometimes don’t understand … .
a why parents want to raise their children in a
different way
b the advertising for children’s products
c why parents fail their children
d their grandchildren’s problems
5 There can be greater problems … .
a when the grandparents are from a different
culture
b between a daughter-in-law and her in-laws
c with couples sharing responsibilities equally
d when grandparents spoil their grandchildren
THAT’S ENGLISH!
 UNIT 10
WRITING I WRITING II
Writing a formal letter Writing a review
Exam tip Exam tip
✱ Make sure the purpose of the letter is clear. ✱ Make sure you write a review, not just a description
of the event.

1 Match the extracts to the purpose.

1 What is the purpose of a review of an event, film,
1 Please confirm in writing if you wish to accept exhibition, etc.? Choose the correct options.
this post.
2 We would appreciate a prompt response. 1 to promote
3 I would be most grateful if you could send me 2 to give the writer’s opinion
more details. 3 to describe
4 I sincerely apologise for the misunderstanding. 4 to entertain the reader
5 We would be delighted if you could join us. 5 to recommend
a saying sorry d an invitation 6 to persuade
b a job offer e asking for information
c asking for a reply
Exam tip
✱ Use interesting words to emphasise your
Exam tip description and opinion, such as adverbs.
✱ Use formal grammar and expressions, impersonal
constructions such as the passive, and words of 2 Complete the sentences with an adverb from
Latin origin. Avoid contractions. the box.

ridiculously strongly surprisingly utterly

2 Rewrite the following sentences to make them
more formal. 1 I … recommend you try the beef in red wine
sauce.
1 I don’t often have the opportunity to visit your 2 The book was … badly illustrated considering
city. the reputation of the artist.
Seldom … 3 I was … exhausted by the time I had walked
2 We will solve the problem. round the whole exhibition.
The problem … 4 To register for the website is … complicated. It
3 If you want to come again, you will be welcome. took me over ten minutes.
Should …
3 Write a review (150-180 words) of an event
4 We would appreciate your support. (e.g. a show, a conference, an exhibition) you
Your support … attended. Include the following:
5 You shouldn’t pay for your own lunch.
On no account …

3 Write a formal letter of apology (150-180 words)

about the situation below.

Recently you organised a charity event

with several speakers. However, you made
a mistake with the timetabling of the talks.
Professor Johnson should have had the
final hour of the day, but in the end he only • details of the event
had twenty minutes before the conference • a description of your impressions
ended. Write to apologise and invite him to • why you think it was interesting/boring
speak at your next event. • a recommendation for the reader

THAT’S ENGLISH! 109

Exam Strategies

SPEAKING I: Interaction a children’s relationships with their peers

b the importance of school
Role-play: debate c appreciation of culture
Exam tip d family time together

✱ Use a variety of expressions for giving your opinion.
1a Complete the expressions used for giving
opinions with the words from the box.
3 Look at the pictures and the title of the topic.
Discuss the two questions with a partner and
give examples from your own or other people’s
experience to justify your opinions. Talk for 5-6
minutes.

agree ask believe doubt point seems University,

1 There’s no … that 4 If you … me training for the future?
2 You may not … with me 5 It … to me • What experiences do these pictures represent?
3 The … is that 6 I strongly … that • Which ones are the most important for a
student’s future?
1b Listen and practise the intonation of the
1
expressions.
100
1c Have a conversation with your partner using
some of the expressions from activity 1a to give
an opinion about these statements.
1 Being in power easily leads to corruption.
2 The best age to get married is in your twenties.
3 Hunting should be banned. 2
4 Graffiti is art.

Exam tip
✱ If you are given pictures to help you with ideas, don’t
describe what you can see, but rather what the
pictures suggest.
3

2 What might these images suggest if we

are discussing the influence of childhood
experiences? Match the photos (1-4) to the
descriptions (a-d).
1 3
4

2 4
Looking at the first picture, I think this shows
that many students waste their time partying
at university instead of studying.

I know what you mean, but I think social life

at college is important for making contacts
for the future.

110 THAT’S ENGLISH!

 UNIT 10
SPEAKING II: Monologue 3 Are these expressions used to give the opinion
of others (A) or your own opinion (B)?
Developing ideas on a topic 1 Some people say that …
Exam tip 2 As far as I’m concerned ...
3 Many are of the opinion that …
✱ Use the ideas provided and develop them by giving 4 Talking from a personal point of view, …
examples. 5 It’s easy for me to see …
6 I can’t agree with the idea that ...
1 Match the ideas (1-5) for the topic The most
important inventions that have improved our Exam tip
lives to the examples (a-e).
✱ At the end, use expressions to summarise your
1 in the home 4 entertainment ideas and make a concluding statement, such as:
2 at work 5 transport to sum up, to round up, all things considered, in
3 for communication a nutshell, etc.

a I certainly couldn’t live without films. They not

only entertain but teach you a lot about people 4 Talk for 2-3 minutes about what influences
and cultures. people when choosing a career. Use the ideas
b Obviously, the washing machine. I remember below to help you.
when I was a student and didn’t have one, so
I had to wash everything by hand which was a • n atural talent • family
nightmare! • previous experiences • g
 ood salary
c In my office we use a specific program for • opportunities for development
sales and purchases, which works really well
as we have quick access to records of every
transaction.
d I use my car for just about everything – taking
the kids to school, getting to work, shopping.
It makes life so much easier.
e I lived abroad for a year and Skype meant I
could talk to my family and friends as often as
I wanted.

Exam tip
✱ Think about both advantages and disadvantages
or positive and negative aspects of the ideas to
expand on the topic.

2 Think about the following two topics. In each

case, think of two ideas agreeing with the
statement and two ideas that support an
opposing argument.
1 Having a good salary is the most important
thing to consider when choosing a profession.
2 It’s better to have realistic ambitions than try
for the impossible.

Exam tip
In my opinion there are many factors that
influence people when choosing a career.
✱ Use expressions to show if the ideas are your own
Nowadays, young people can study a wide
opinion or the opinion of others.
variety of degrees and there are new types
of business that offer different career paths ...

THAT’S ENGLISH! 111

SELF TEST
1 Choose the correct answer.
1 I hope my children will have fond / long-term
memories of their childhood.
2 A friend suggested I write myself notes in order
to improve my vivid / short-term memory.
3 I can remember his face but not his name: why
is the memory of him so retentive / elusive?
4 The music immediately brought back vague /
haunting memories of that awful day.
2 Complete the text with the missing prepositions
and the correct form of the verbs in brackets.
I recall when our neighbour, Mr Harris, blamed
me 1… 2… (steal) his apples. He often invited
me 3… (try) the fruit he grew and I was upset
when he accused me 4… 5… (take) them. I
denied 6… (do) anything wrong. My mother
suggested 7… (tell) him that it was some older
children but he insisted 8… 9… (blame) me.
Even though I wasn’t guilty, she urged me 10…
(say) sorry. I refused 11… (do) that, so instead
she apologised to him 12… 13… (upset) him.
Later, an older boy admitted 14… (commit) the
crime. My mother persuaded Mr Harris 15…
(believe) me and we became friends again.
3 Rewrite the sentences in reported speech using
the verbs in brackets.
1 ‘Come to my party,’ said Anna. (invite)
2 ‘I’m sorry I’m late,’ said Marcia. (apologise)
3 ‘I must pay for the meal,’ said Grandad. (insist)
4 ‘Shall I do the washing-up?’ said Peter. (offer)
5 ‘I hate the loud music,’ said Mr Davis. (object)
6 ‘The meal is terrible,’ said Tony. (complain)
7 ‘It’s a great idea, Chris, to study in America,’
said Jenny. (persuade)
Complete the dialogue with the missing words.
4
Mum: I’m home. Have you made dinner yet?
Tom: No, I ... going ... but the phone rang.
Mum: Have you finished that school project?
Tom: I ... about ... but I left the books at school.
Mum: Honestly, Tom, you’ll be in trouble.
Tom: Have you ordered the new computer yet?
Mum: No, I ... going ... but I ran out of time.
5 Complete the sentences with the correct form
of the expressions from the box.
bring back memories memory like a sieve
tip of my tongue trip down memory lane
jog my memory mind go blank
memory serves me correctly
112
UNIT 1
1 My school reunion was a real ... .
2 In the quiz when they asked me the first
question, I was embarrassed when my ... .
3 My son’s lost his keys again − he’s got a ... .
4 The capital of Venezuela is Caracas, if my ... .
5 Who’s that? Sally? Sarah? No, it’s on the ... .
6 He tried to ... by suggesting various places,
but I couldn’t remember the name of the hotel.
7 The taste of the peaches ... of that Italian
holiday.
6 Listen to the conversation between Jess and Ed.
Are the statements true (✔) or false (✗)? Correct
11 the false ones.
1 Ed remembers the school as being smaller.
2 Ed doesn’t remember anything about his
school.
3 Alex and Darren are still friends with Ed.
4 Ed and Stefan shouldn’t have been in the
classroom.
5 Ed has forgotten about his school days
because the teacher was mean to him.
7 Join the two sentences using otherwise, or else
or if not.
1 I really don’t know the answer. If I did, I would
tell you.
2 They’d better not forget. If they do, they’ll be in
trouble.
3 He must be nice. If he weren’t, no one would
vote for him.
8 Complete the anecdote with suitable
expressions from the box.
amazingly anyway luckily so
all’s well that ends well picture it so clearly
in the end the thing is obviously
believe what happened to me
You won’t 1... ! My friend’s sister Katy got
married in the same church on the same day
as me. 2... I didn’t know Katy very well but we
shared decorating the church. 3... , everything
went well and my husband and I left for our
honeymoon. 4... , we didn’t tell anyone our
destination. When we arrived, we discovered
our room had been cancelled! I can 5... as we
stood there upset. 6... they found us another
hotel which 7... was much better. The next day
we saw some people we knew. 8... , it was
Katy and her husband! Neither of us knew
each other’s plans and the second hotel was
over 100 miles away. Anyway, 9... !
THAT’S ENGLISH!
SELF TEST
1 Listen and complete the sentences with the
missing adjectives.
17
Speaker 1: childbirth
Bruce generally found the experience 1… : the
second time was particularly 2… . However, he
also describes it as being 3… and 4… .
Speaker 2: parachute jumping
For Deepak the whole experience was both 5…
and 6… . He says the most 7… moment is when
you’re falling but the parachute is still closed. He
found the peacefulness of the situation almost
8
… and it made him feel 9… .
2 Complete the text with the correct form of the
verbs in brackets.
Your first day at school is a significant life
experience. I 1… (try) to remember mine all
day, but although I 2 … always … (have) a
good memory, that particular day remains a
blank. I know that my parents 3… (prepare) me
for it for a while. They 4… (talk) about school
as if it were some great treat! But I must have
been disappointed since, a few days later,
as we 5… (have breakfast), suddenly I 6…
(announce) that I’d decided not to go back.
3 Complete the echo questions.
1 A: The Chinese, Tibetans and Mongolians
take salt in their tea.
B: 1… takes 2… in their tea?
2 A: We supported Real Madrid when we were
living in Barcelona.
B: You supported 3… when you were living
4
…?
3 A: I’ve got a job as a mechanic.
B: 5… ?
4 A: My grandfather would have loved to be a
stunt actor.
B: 6… ?
THAT’S ENGLISH!
UNIT 2
4 Rewrite the sentences using the words in
brackets.
1 We were exhausted and we were running out
of oxygen. (Not only/but also)
2 As soon as the sun set, it began to get very
cold. (No sooner)
3 His injured leg had just started to heal when
he hurt his shoulder. (Hardly)
4 The moment we reached the top, we had to
come down again. (No sooner)
5 They had no mountaineering experience and
they were unfit. (Not only/but also)
5 Complete the sentences with the correct form
of the verbs in brackets and a suitable modal
verb.
1 It’s late and my parents will be worried – we …
(leave) earlier.
2 You … (see) him yesterday – he’s in China!
3 I … (lose) my keys or they … (be) on my desk.
4 He … (forget) that the meeting is today.
5 He … (not join) the army – he ... (die).
6 Rewrite the clauses using -ing forms.
1 I completed my MBA in 2010, after which I
started working for a well known bank.
2 I am completely bilingual, which means I am
often at an advantage in job interviews.
3 After I had spent time as an intern with the
United Nations, I decided to follow a career in
humanitarian aid and development.
4 Before I qualified as an accountant, I worked
in a department store.
5 Since I am used to travelling extensively, I
rarely get jet lag.
7 Rewrite the sentences using the words in
brackets.
1 I speak fluent English and also basic German
and Danish. (in addition to)
2 I have worked in Europe and in Asia. (apart
from)
3 I have a proven track record in sales and I also
have recent marketing experience. (besides)
4 I have been very successful, so I’ve earned a
lot of money. (thus)
5 I always think things through carefully,
therefore I make sure I never encounter
problems. (thereby)
113
SELF TEST
1 Complete the text with the correct form of the
verbs in brackets.
Daring jail escape by Mexican drug lord
Mexican king of drug dealers, José Guzmán,
who 1... (know) as El Chapo 2... (escape) from
Altiplano prison, reports our correspondent.
A 1.5 km tunnel 3... (dig) from his cell to a
construction site. A motorcycle 4... (discover)
as well, which police believe 5... (use) to
transport earth from the tunnel. Officials
believe he had inside help and eighteen
guards 6... (question) at the moment.
A manhunt 7... (launch). ‘All passengers
leaving the country 8... (search),’ said the
security chief. ‘This man must 9... (recapture)
immediately.’ Although security at the jail
10
... (criticise) in the past, expert Carlos
Delgado believes Guzmán’s escape 11... (can
not prevent). ‘Sooner or later, he would have
escaped. This man is immensely powerful.’
2 Rewrite the sections in bold using a passive
infinitive.
1
People think Stephane Breitweiser is the
most notorious art thief in the world. 2Experts
believe he stole over 1.4 billion dollars
worth of art, not for financial gain but for
the love of art. 3Police know he committed
his first art theft in 1995 while visiting a
castle in Germany. 4They understand his
girlfriend watched for security guards
while Breitweiser committed the thefts
in museums. 5The authorities report that
Breitweiser’s mother cut up many paintings
when the police began investigating her
son. 6Experts estimate she destroyed many
priceless works of art worth hundreds of
millions of dollars.
3 Complete the sentences with a suitable word. In
some cases, more than one answer is possible.
1 After several weeks of searching, they finally
agreed ... a new sofa.
2 I mostly got on well with Roger but I disagreed
... him over politics.
3 The majority of people would agree ... there
need to be controls on alcohol sales.
4 Most people agree … controlling the use of
alcohol by law.
5 We wanted to eat out but we disagreed …
which restaurant to go to.
114
UNIT 3
4 Complete the sentences with a suitable word
or phrase.
1 ... such as stealing from cars or shops can
lead to more serious offences.
2 The factory owner failed to take the correct
safety measures and was charged with ...
after an employee died.
3 Many have been victims of a ... where
someone pretends to fix their roof, but in fact
does nothing.
4 Journalists are sometimes accused of ...
when trying to get a story from someone.
5 The problem with ... is that it happens behind
closed doors and partners don’t ask for help.
6 The King was surrounded by security guards
to protect him from ... by terrorists.
7 Fred Davis was hospitalised after an ... by a
man with a cricket bat.
8 ... may seem a minor offence but it increases
the cost of items for honest shoppers.
9 Listening to music online for free is tempting
but it’s actually ... .
10 After the manager received a death threat,
he told the police about the ... .
5 Listen to the conversation. Are the sentences
true (✔) or false (✗)? Correct the false ones.
28
1 The woman totally agrees that community
service might be regarded as easy.
2 They both think that keeping young people
out of jail is advisable.
3 The woman feels that some prison sentences
in America are too long.
4 They are both against the death penalty.
5 The man thinks a real life sentence is sufficient
punishment for extremely serious crimes.
6 Complete the dialogue with a suitable word.
Offender: I think they’ll find me guilty.
Lawyer: 1... do I. You might be put 2... probation
as it’s a first offence.
Offender: I might just be 3... but that’s no good,
I haven’t got any money.
Lawyer: The court might think you have.
Offender: That’s absolute 4... ! I haven’t. Perhaps
I’ll get 5... service instead. But I don’t
think so.
Lawyer: 6... do I. Look, prepare yourself in
case it’s worse − maybe even a 7...
sentence of three months.
Offender: That would be so unfair!
Lawyer: I 8... disagree 9... you about that. I
don’t believe you are innocent.
Offender: It’s 10... . I’m 11... you! It wasn’t me.
THAT’S ENGLISH!
SELF TEST
1 Complete the text with the words from the box.
coffin undertakers cremation funeral
graves mourn buried deceased
When someone’s cremated, their corpse
is burnt, rather than 1… in the ground in
a 2… . This is popular since it’s better for
the environment, and also as there isn’t
enough space for 3… for everyone. A firm
of 4… will take care of the practical details
of the 5… and will also help the family of
the 6… decide what kind of 7… they want.
Increasingly, funerals are occasions not just
to 8… somebody but to celebrate their life.
2 Complete Eric’s wishes and regrets with the
correct form of the verbs in brackets.
Eric’s wishes as a young man:
I wish I 1… (be) richer. If only I 2… (have) a car
like his. I wish I 3… (earn) a bigger salary. If
only we 4… (not live) in such a small house.
Eric’s regrets as an old man:
I wish I 5… (spend) more time with my family.
If only I 6… (not work) so hard. I wish I 7…
(wait) so long to retire. If only we 8… (travel)
more.
3 Bob is in prison for stealing from work. Complete
the regrets with the correct form of the verbs
from the box. More than one form is possible.
disappoint not be have to be trust
Bob’s parents: We regret 1… stricter with Bob
as a child.
The judge: I regret 2… send a young man to
prison.
Bob’s boss: We regret 3… this young man.
Bob: I regret 4… so stupid. I regret 5… my
parents.
THAT’S ENGLISH!
UNIT 4
4 Make expressions of condolence from the
prompts.
1 heartfelt sympathies / loss
2 thinking of you / difficult time
3 so sorry / hear / loss
5 Complete the sentences with the correct form
of the words in brackets.
1 When a … one dies, you don’t want to have to
organise a funeral. (love)
2 When you are … over your loss, it’s difficult to
think practically. (grief)
3 I’m sorry to hear that old Mr Robinson has …
away. (pass)
4 The … is often physically exhausted,
particularly if they’ve been looking after a sick
person. (bereave)
5 The family of the … are sitting at the front of
the church. (decease)
6 Choose the correct option.
1 We regret / sorry to inform / informing you that
we have closed your account.
2 I am sorry / regret to tell / say you that you
have not been selected for the post.
3 Unfortunately, we have to let / allow you
know / find that …
4 It is with regret / regretting that we have to
inform / informed our tenants that the lifts are
not working.
7 Match the beginnings of the sentences (1-6)
to the endings (a-f) and complete them with a
suitable connector from the box.
admittedly on the other hand despite
nevertheless the thing is in reality
1 … , I could have called you more,
2 … the sadness of the occasion,
3 She says she’s happy where she is,
4 I wish I’d never started,
5 I hate my job, it’s so boring,
6 I know I promised you a new bike;
a but … she regrets having left her old job.
b but I was always thinking about you.
c he couldn’t help smiling.
d … , I shall see it through to the end.
e … , I’m a bit short of money right now.
f but … the pay is excellent.
115
SELF TEST
1 Complete the text with the correct form of the
verbs in brackets.
In the past, wealthy people 1... (need) worry
about their retirement as they had savings, but
poor people 2... (have to) work all their lives as
there were no government pensions and they
3
... (need) earn money to live on. Luckily, now
most people 4... (have to) work after 65 as there
are state pensions, but all workers 5... (have to)
pay into this system. If you want a good life
when you retire, you 6... (need) start contributing
to a private pension as soon as you can; but the
increased costs of pension provision means
that today’s workers 7... (have to) work much
longer, until 68. As a result, some employees
8
... (need) do less physical jobs. Many workers
complain about this but at least they 9... (have
to) work until their dying day!
2 Complete the sentences with a suitable past
modal form and the verbs in brackets.
1 Rick wrote 5,000 words for his essay. The tutor
had set a limit of 3,000.
Rick ... (write) so much.
2 Kim was invited to a wedding but didn’t have
a hat. Luckily, Sally lent her one.
Kim ... (buy) a hat.
3 Simon lost his keys so he broke a window.
Then he found them.
He ... (damage) the window.
4 Adam needed an operation, but he tried a new
drug and got better.
He ... (have) the operation.
5 Ian bought lots of wine for the party but few
people drank it.
He ... (buy) so much.
3 Choose the correct options.
1
Everbody / Anybody 2is / are interested in living
longer but 3no one / few of us 4want / wants
to change our diet to do so. The inhabitants of
Okinawa, in Japan, are the world’s longest living
people. They eat vegetables, grains, and fish
but 5few / little meat. 6Someone / Everyone
7
know / knows we benefit from eating
8
none / less meat. 9Many / Much 10has / have
been written about eating vegetables, and
we know that consuming 11none / few at all
12
is / are bad for you. However, being a woman
also means you live longer and 13anyone / no
one 14control / controls that! Some researchers
point out that 15none / nothing of this 16has /
have been proven to apply to non-Japanese
people. 17More / most 18is / are known about
the Mediterranean diet which includes some
dairy.
116
UNIT 5
4 Complete the dialogue with at all, whatsoever
or the correct form of the verbs in brackets.
Mum: Is that you, Sam? I’m absolutely furious!
Son: What’s the matter? I’m really busy!
Mum: I’m not 1... bothered if you’re busy. I’ve
just got home and the place looks like a
bomb site!
Son: I did try to tidy up before I left.
Mum: I doubt it! Nothing 2... has been cleared up!
Son: I’ll come over now. What needs 3... (do)?
Mum: The dishes need to 4... (wash up) and
the leftover food needs 5... (throw away).
There’s no space 6... in the dishwasher!
Son: There’s no need 7... (lose) your temper. I’ll
sort it out. It’s no big deal 8... .
5 Complete the monologue with a suitable
expression from the box.
no doubt in my mind my humble opinion
by and large then again more precise
as a rule at all typically
all things considered
1
… , people expect their middle age to be
easier. 2… in the past, couples would have had
more money to spend, but all that’s changed
since the coming of the sandwich generation.
These are parents who support their adult
children as well as caring for their elderly
parents. In 3… , these 50 somethings are under
huge pressure. To be 4… , many sandwich
generation members suffer from financial
problems as well as emotional stress. But
5
… , some would say that families should help
each other, and that 6… young adults would
be independent if the economic situation
were better. Obviously, it’s not 7… satisfactory
to place such burdens on older people but
there seems to be no choice at present.
8
… , there should be more government help
for the elderly and more priority given to
creating jobs for the young. There’s 9… that
unless action is taken, the health of a whole
generation will be affected adversely.
6 Listen to the conversation and answer the
questions.
51
1 Why does Lily think Mr Wilkins isn’t retiring?
2 How old does Dan think Mr Wilkins is?
3 What did Dan object to regarding Mr Harris?
4 What is Lily’s opinion of Mr Harris’ age?
5 What kind of new boss does Lily object to and
why?
6 According to Dan, when did Mr Harris start to
work at the company?
THAT’S ENGLISH!
SELF TEST UNIT 6
1 Complete the text with the words from the box. d we have decided to carry on using them as
suppliers.
absolutely bitterly deeply highly e long delays serving food and drinks.
strongly ridiculously f the incompetence of our accountants.

Everybody knows that financial services can 4 Put the words in the correct order.
be a 1… profitable business and many of
our customers have complained 2… about
how 3… expensive some financial products
are. They say that they are being taken
advantage of, and many are 4… concerned
about their financial future. Here at Lemocla
services, we 5… believe in ethical investment
and are 6… outraged by what we regard as
ethical malpractices.

2 Complete the inverted conditionals with the

correct form of the verbs in brackets.
1 … I to … (be, find) myself in the same situation
again, I … (act) differently.
2 … you … (should, wish) for more information,
please … (contact) one of our customer service
advisors.
3 … it … (not be) for your help, we … never have
… (survive).
4 … you ever … (should, attempt) such a thing
again, please … (be) careful.
5 … it … (not be) for the generosity of our donors,
none of this would have … (be) possible.
6 … he been … (wear) a seatbelt, he might …
(survive) the accident.
7 … you … (have, donate) money to us
previously, you … automatically … (give) a
‘friend status’.
8 … it … (be, not) for the generosity of our
donors and volunteers, we … (not be able) to
continue.
A The state of the house is difficult to
describe. 1seen / life / in / had / I / my / Never
such a terrible mess! 2was / covered /
Not / everything / only in dust but clearly
nobody had opened the windows for a
long time. I knew immediately that 3live /
could / I / circumstances / no / under in such
dreadful conditions.
B 1met / had / Seldom / she such a handsome
man, let alone one who seemed so kind.
Her mother had warned her 2to / on / trust /
no / put / her / account in good looks alone,
but he seemed trustworthy. 3know / Little /
she / did how far from the truth that was.

3 Complete the connectors with suitable words
or letters and match the beginnings of the
sentences (1-6) to the endings (a-f).
1 On … of the bad weather,
2 They haven’t employed enough waitresses,
…ing in
3 …ing to a misunderstanding with the printers,
4 We lost a lot of money …s to
5 They never really understood how the system
worked and …tly
6 They sincerely apologised for the mistake and
offered to process our next order for free, and
for this …
a they made a lot of mistakes.
b we have nearly 500 extra programmes.
c we have decided to postpone the match.
5 Rewrite the sentences to make them more
formal using the correct form of the prompts in
brackets.
1 We are very pleased. (delight + absolute)
2 No one has told us. (inform + passive)
3 Before he goes. (prior to + depart)
4 Do you need help? (require + assist)
5 They put off the meeting. (postpone + passive)
6 If you suggest something, we’ll think about it.
(proposal + consider + passive)
7 You aren’t allowed to drink alcohol.
(consumption + forbid + passive)
8 We haven’t finished processing the data yet.
(process + complete + passive)
9 The company regrets losing so many excellent
members of staff. (loss + regret + passive)

THAT’S ENGLISH! 117

SELF TEST
1 Complete the text with the correct form of the
words in brackets.
To shoot or not to shoot?
Widespread 1... (criticise) has followed reports
of a plan to reduce the number of badgers.
Though many farmers support the idea, there is
strong 2... (oppose) among wildlife groups. The
Wildlife Society said, ‘We 3... (condemn) the
plan and will 4... (challenge) it in the high court.
We are disappointed at the government’s 5...
(refuse) to admit that vaccination is effective.
There is also considerable 6… (dissent) amongst
farmers’. Last week, protestors 7... (remonstrate)
violently with government workers, although
the Wildlife Society expressed 8... (disapprove)
of their actions.
2 Choose the correct option.
1 The protestors were urged / prevented from
entering the building by the police.
2 Candidates are forced / required to provide
photo ID before they take the exam.
3 The minister was urged / allowed to make a
decision as time was running out.
4 Protestors were banned / allowed from waiting
outside the courtroom by the judge.
5 At the airport, security prevent / make
passengers remove their shoes.
6 People were forced / prevented to leave their
homes because of the forest fires nearby.
7 Everyone was forced / asked politely to leave.
8 We were allowed / banned to see him.
3 Complete the text with the correct form of the
verbs in brackets.
Anti-nuclear protestors have been banned
1
... (block) the access to the local army base.
Yesterday, they were prevented 2... (enter)
the base by armed guards and police urged
them 3... (leave) peacefully. ‘They’ve been
forced 4... (move) 1 km away and will be
required 5... (stay) there. They were asked
6
... (leave) and they have to 7... (respect) the
court order,’ said a police spokesperson.
‘People are allowed 8... (protest) as long as
they obey the law, which clearly states they
9
... (must) enter the air base.’
118
UNIT 7
4 Complete the sentences with the correct form
of the expressions from the box.
make a power play be on a power trip
walk the corridors of power wield power
challenge the powers that be
maintain the balance of power
1 Countries often form alliances with other
states in order … or status quo.
2 The European Court of Justice … over the laws
of EU member states.
3 His promotion went to his head and he became
a complete nightmare: he … .
4 Alex … to get control of the company by
threatening his co-workers.
5 I’ve always dreamed of … where all the
important decisions are made.
6 It’s important that the general public have the
chance … on important issues.
5 Rewrite the sentences using the structures in
brackets.
1 I was unhappy when you spoke to the boss
about me. (object to someone doing something)
2 They refuse to pay parking fees at local shops.
(object + -ing)
3 I dislike violence on TV. (object + noun)
4 Simon was unhappy because he hadn’t been
able to give his side of the story. (object that)
5 Everyone is unhappy about the new rules and
regulations. (object + noun)
6 The residents were upset because the road works
would cause traffic disruption. (object that)
6 Listen to the conversation and answer the
questions.
71
1 What kind of day has the woman had at work?
2 How has Marcus changed in his behaviour?
3 What does the woman object to most and why?
4 What advice does the man give her?
5 What did the man dislike about his colleague’s
behaviour?
7 Complete the dialogue.
Matt: Have you read about the council wasting
money on foreign visits? It’s disgusting,
1
... it?
Beth: 2... , I couldn’t agree 3... . I object to 4...
stealing from us. They should go to jail.
Matt: I don’t 5... it that 6... myself, but they should
pay it back or leave the council.
Beth: I know not 7... will agree with me, but they’re
thieves! I, 8... one, believe we must be firm.
Matt: I take your 9... .
THAT’S ENGLISH!
SELF TEST
1 Complete the sentences with the adjectives
from the box.
contemporary controversial exquisite
haunting overrated tedious
uplifting thought-provoking
1 His work is … in my view and not worth the
high price people pay for it.
2 He dislikes art and finds galleries very … .
3 They only deal in … abstract art. There are no
old masters in their catalogues.
4 His paintings of naked men were … at the time
and nobody would exhibit them.
5 It’s a(n) … work, full of noble sentiments about
peace and brotherly love.
6 I’ve never been able to forget the … image of
her sad, beautiful face.
7 It’s a(n) … film which may cause you to
reevaluate your ideas.
8 They are the most beautiful paintings I’ve ever
seen − they’re absolutely … .
2 Rewrite the phrases in bold using the word in
brackets.
1 If he likes you, he’ll help, but in the same way,
if he doesn’t, he’ll ignore you. (token)
2 It’s not on purpose: it’s instinctive and avoids
conscious thinking. (bypass)
3 If I hear a great tune, I start dancing: there’s
nothing I can do about it. (help)
4 Children always really want to create things
and make art out of anything! (urge)
5 Art makes our suffering meaningful and so
makes it respected. (dignity)
6 They didn’t intend to shock people. (set out /
controversy)
3 Complete the sentences with an art idiom.
1 Every item has thousands of pearls sewn on
by hand and is a complete … .
2 The … new bathrooms have power-saving
showers and underfloor heating.
3 As soon as I saw your photo, I knew what
you’d be like: a picture’s … .
4 I’ve got getting ready in the mornings … : I’m
dressed and showered by 7:30.
5 You’ll never be a ballerina if you don’t practise;
sometimes it’s necessary to … .
4 Put the phrases in order to make sentences. Add
commas where appropriate.
1 has not / which I personally like / very much /
his more recent work / sold well
THAT’S ENGLISH!
UNIT 8
2 very good / which was about nuclear war / and
the first / wasn’t / he read two poems
3 also wants / very handsome / a role in the
play / who is supposed to be / her brother
4 in the desert / has become ill / whose idea it
was / with sunstroke / our director / to film
5 Decide if the relative clauses are defining (D) or
non-defining (ND). Reduce the clauses if possible.
A: The man who is standing by the door looks
like that actor from the Bond films.
B: Do you mean the door which leads into the
garden or that big glass door?
A: The garden door. The tall dark man who is
wearing the same shirt as me.
B: But isn’t Bond blond? Or are you talking
about the Bond films which we used to watch
when we were teenagers?
A: Yes, I’m talking about Sean Connery, who
might even be dead by now, who was the
original Bond.
B: Oh OK, I see what you mean.
6 Match the beginning of the sentences (1-5) to
the endings (a-e).
1 I would advise you against
2 He suggested that I
3 I would recommend the
4 He advised me
5 As a treatment the doctor recommended
a should write and ask for an audition.
b never to give up but to keep on trying.
c trying art therapy to overcome depression.
d travelling in July: it’s much too hot.
e exhibition to anyone: it’s fascinating.
7 Rewrite the sentences with the words or
phrases in brackets.
1 It’s best to wait for prices to fall. (well worth)
2 The bad thing is that it’s hot. (downside)
3 The best part of the concert was the duet. (high
point)
4 He’s not into modern art. (think much of)
5 I don’t like pretentious people. (bear)
6 When I first saw the room it seemed small and
dark. (glance)
7 She’s a terrible cook, so she never eats any
food she’s made. (own)
8 He only sings when he’s alone. (own)
119
SELF TEST
1 Choose the correct options.
1 Even if / Even though / Still we worked late, we
didn’t manage to complete the project.
2 No one understood what Sophie saw in Hugh.
Even if / Even though / Still, he seemed to
make her happy, so nobody interfered.
3 Even if / Even though / Still the garage had
managed to fix the car, we would have got a
new one as it was so unreliable.
4 I wouldn’t work for that company even if /
even though / still they offered more money
as I disagree with their policies.
5 Unfortunately, it rained all day at the wedding.
Even if / Even though / Still, everyone had a
marvellous time.
6 They never managed to find their lost dog
even if / even though / still they advertised a
big reward.
2 Complete the dialogues with a suitable
expression with end.
A: What are you doing?
B: Nothing much, I’m 1... .
A: Well, come and help me because I’m
extremely busy and completely at 2... .
A: Help! I’ve spilt red wine on the new sofa! If
Dad sees it, he’ll 3... ! It cost £2,000!
B: Use white wine to remove the stain.
(Later)
A: The stain’s nearly gone, just a tiny spot left.
B: Don’t worry, it’s 4... . It’s hardly noticeable.
A: You look tired!
B: I stayed up late watching the new James
Bond film and I got up at 6 a.m.
A: You shouldn’t 5... , it’s not healthy. How was
the film?
B: James Bond triumphed and the villain 6 ... as
usual!
3 Complete the sentences with the correct form
of the words in brackets.
1 Please read the … timetable carefully. (amend)
2 I handed in the … version to the teacher. (correct)
3 Jack wasn’t doing well in Maths so he needed
extra ... lessons. (remedy)
4 I hope the … figures will be acceptable to the
management. (rectify)
5 There are lots of different ... available, you just
have to choose one. (remedy)
6 It’s mainly right, there are just a few things
that need … . (correct)
120
UNIT 9
7 The First … of the American constitution
guarantees the basic freedoms of US citizens.
(amend)
8 The final proposal is flawless: no further … are
required. (rectify)
4 Complete the text with the correct form of the
verbs in brackets or in the end/at the end.
Britain’s oldest supermarket assistant, Iris
Fletcher, is retiring at the ripe old age of 89
after 1... (have) worked there since it opened
in 1963. Iris said ’I’ll miss everyone but my
family have been asking me to retire for
ages and 2... I agreed so I’m retiring 3... of
August’.
4
... (have) left school at 14, Iris began a career
in food sales. ’When I was young I wanted to
be a teacher, but my family couldn’t afford
the fees. If I 5... (come) from a richer family,
I 6... (be able to) go to college.’ Still, Iris has
few regrets. ‘If I 7... (go) to college, I 8... (not
meet) all my wonderful friends at the store
and they are like family to me. I’ve enjoyed
my work so I feel my life has all turned out
well 9... .’
5 Listen to the conversation. Are the statements
true (✔) or false (✗)? Correct the false ones.
91
1 The hospital rebuilding project finished last
year.
2 Financial problems resulted in the delay.
3 The project got extra money from the
government.
4 They changed the plan due to the extra costs.
5 The man regrets taking the hospital project
job.
6 Complete the sentences with a suitable word.
1 ... away and ... ago, there was a fierce giant.
2 In a ... , the prince overcame all his enemies.
3 The ... of the story ... − be kind to strangers.
4 Are you sitting ... ? Then I’ll ... .
5 To … a … story … , the princess started her
own business and was very successful.
6 For … I … , they are still searching for the
treasure.
7 … in the … when giants ruled the country,
people lived in fear.
8 They … lived … ever … , except for Jack who
came to a sticky end; but that’s … story.
THAT’S ENGLISH!
Grammar Reference Unit 1

1 REPORTING VERBS
• We can report what other people say using verbs like say and tell followed by a clause
mentioning what was actually said.
Alex: I don’t want to see a film today!
➞ Alex told us/said (to us) (that) he didn’t want to see a film that day.

• Other reporting verbs that are followed by that + phrase are admit, agree, answer, argue,
claim, complain, decide, deny, explain, insist, mention, promise, recommend or suggest.
Alex complained/explained that he didn’t want to see a film that day.
Sally: I didn’t reveal the secret!
➞ Sally denied that she had revealed the secret.

• Very often we summarise a message using verbs like admit, invite, offer or recommend,
followed by a structure with an infinitive or -ing form. Some verbs (e.g. admit or ask) can be
followed by more than one pattern (see chart below).
Matt: Yes, I didn’t tell the press the whole truth.
➞ Matt admitted lying to the press. ➞ Matt admitted to lying to the press.
Ellen: Could I see the manager? Angela: Can you help me, please?
➞ Ellen asked to see the manager. ➞ Angela asked me to help her.

Reporting verbs with to/-ing patterns

verb + to + infinitive They agreed to lend us their car.

agree, ask, continue, demand, offer, propose,
refuse, threaten
verb + someone + to + infinitive
advise, ask, beg, encourage, invite, order,
persuade, remind, tell, urge, warn
verb + something/-ing
admit, deny, recommend, suggest
verb + preposition + something/-ing
admit to, apologise for, object to, insist on
verb + someone + preposition + something/-ing
accuse of, blame for, congratulate on
verb + to + someone + about + something/-ing
complain, explain, speak, talk
We asked to see the manager.
Her son refused to visit her again.
They asked us to step away from the road.
She warned us not to disturb the neighbours.
He denied the truth.
The kid denied stealing the money.
The tour guide suggested stopping for a coffee.
He apologised for the delay.
We objected to being treated like second-class
citizens.
Are you accusing me of murder?
Her coach congratulated Anne on winning the
tournament.
I complained to the manager about the noise.
They explained to us about getting the new
membership card.

2 PAST INTENTIONS
• We can announce intentions with the verbs be going to or be about to. Be about to adds
the notion of immediacy, or something happening very soon.The past forms of these verbs
(was/were going to and was/were about to) are used to speak about something we had the
intention to do in the past. However, this intention is usually interrupted or not completed.
Our neighbours were going to sell their house but in the end they’ve decided to stay.
I was about to start eating dinner when the phone rang.

THAT’S ENGLISH! 121

Grammar Reference Unit 1

• Past intentions can also be expressed using intend to, mean to, plan to, want to, be ready to
or be willing to in the past.
She had intended to take a train but the workers were on strike. (She was going to take a
train but the workers were on strike.)
We were ready to board the plane when the flight was cancelled. (We were about to board
the plane when the flight was cancelled.)

3 EXPRESSING CONSEQUENCE
• Otherwise, or else and if not are used to speak about how things might change if the
circumstances were different. Otherwise and if not are used to start a new sentence, so
they need a strong pause (semicolon or full stop) before them and are usually followed by a
comma.
I don’t know their phone number either. Otherwise, I would have phoned them myself.
You must remember to give me the keys. If not, I won’t be able to get back in later.
You need to go to bed now or else you’ll be too tired in the morning.

• We can use otherwise and if not interchangeably, although for logical reasons, if not can’t be
used after a negative statement.
I hope the plane is on time. Otherwise/If not, we’re going to miss our appointment.
I won’t be at the meeting next Monday. Otherwise, we could have had lunch together.

• Otherwise, if not and or else are often used in threats.

Please, leave now. Otherwise, I’ll have to call the police.
Give us the pay rise we demand. If not, we’ll go on strike.
You’re going to have to cooperate or else you’ll be left alone.

4 CONNECTORS FOR TELLING A STORY

at first, to begin with, after that, all of a sudden, in the
Sequencing meantime, in the end
Introducing comments amazingly, luckily, obviously, strangely enough, unfortunately
Introducing an explanation the thing is … , the truth is …
Going back to the main story/ anyway, in any case
Changing the subject
Introducing contradiction/ actually, as a matter of fact, in fact
Supporting an idea

At first, the customer behaved normally but, all of a sudden, he became very impatient and
started insulting everybody.
Luckily, our boss had witnessed the whole incident so, obviously, he knew we had done
nothing to irritate the customer.
The truth is no one wants to deal with a person who’s lost their temper and I still wonder
whether that’s part of our job.
Anyway, in the end the manager decided to intervene and he threatened to call the police.
Unfortunately, that didn’t calm the customer down. In fact, it made him angrier.That’s when
the company decided that we needed extra security. As a matter of fact, we now have a
guard working at the shop.

122 THAT’S ENGLISH!

Grammar Reference Unit 2

1 PAST TENSES
Past simple
• To describe an action that finished in the past
and has no connection to the present.
• Used with specific points in the past (e.g.
yesterday, last year, in 1994) or a period of time
(e.g. for two years).
I bought this watch twenty years ago.
They lived in Lisbon for two years.
Present perfect
• To describe an action that started in the past but
has some connection to the present (because it
still continues or you can see the results).
• Used with unspecific points in the past (e.g.
always, never, in my life) or periods of time (e.g.
for three months, since 2005).
She has put on weight recently.
I’ve always liked reading.
We have lived in this town for over ten
years / since 2005.
Past perfect
• To indicate that an action was completed before
a specific point in the past.
When we got home, the children had made
a special dinner.
Past continuous
• To describe an action that was already in progress
when something else happened.
He was driving down our street when he
lost control of the car.
Present perfect continuous
• Used in the same way as the present perfect but
it emphasises duration, repetition, the fact that
the action continues in the present or is more
important than the result.
You’ve been watching TV for hours!
They’ve been making calls all day.
Past perfect continuous
• To indicate that an action took place repeatedly
or was in progress before a point in the past.
He had been feeling ill for weeks before he
went to the doctor.

! We can use both the past simple and the present perfect with periods of time. With the past simple,
the action is finished and there is no connection to the present.
I worked in England for ten years. (But now I don’t.)
I have worked in England for ten years. (I’m still working there or the experience is still affecting my present.)

2 PAST MODALS
We use have + past participle after a modal verb to indicate that an action is finished or took
place before a point in time.

Speculation
might/could/may/should/will/must/can’t
(less certainty more certainty)
He might have known about the robbery but he didn’t tell anyone.
I don’t know who rang the bell. It could have been the postman.
They should have arrived home by now. They left hours ago!
He’s an experienced doctor. He will have seen a similar case before.
She can’t have bought a new car. I’m sure she didn’t have any money.
Regrets and recriminations
should/could
Sorry. I should have asked for permission before using your car.
They could/should have warned us that their office would be closed today!

THAT’S ENGLISH! 123

Grammar Reference Unit 2

3 INVERSION
We can make a sentence more dramatic by starting it with a negative or very restrictive word, for
example, not only (but also), hardly (when), no sooner (than), only, never, seldom, etc. The main
verb in this type of sentences takes the same structure as a question: auxiliary verb + subject.
Not only did he keep his job, but they also offered him a rise.
Hardly had she signed the new contract when she was offered a much better deal.
No sooner had we started the meeting than we were interrupted by his call.
Only in our restaurant will you find such good food at such low prices.

4 ECHO QUESTIONS
• We can use echo questions as a reaction to what someone says to indicate that we are
listening and interested in what the person is saying. These questions are also called follow-up
questions. Notice that, unlike question tags, the question is positive when the statement is
positive and negative when the statement is negative.
A: I saw a great film last night. A: I wouldn’t like to work for that company.
B: Did you? What was it about? B: Wouldn’t you? Why?

• We can also repeat part of what we have just heard using a question word (who, what, where,
etc.) at the end of the utterance to indicate that we misheard or didn’t understand certain
information or to show surprise. Although these are real questions, the structure is affirmative.
A: I’m going to buy a new car.
B: You’re going to buy what?

5 -ING CLAUSES
• We can use -ing clauses to express time, manner and reason. This type of clause is useful to
make our writing more succinct and effective.
He knew that Cambridge was his best option, so he applied for admission.
➞ Knowing that Cambridge was his best option, he applied for admission.

• We use having + past participle to indicate that an action is completed or finished.

Having read all of her books (completed action), I was really looking forward to meeting her.

• -ing clauses don’t specify their subject. Therefore, the first element that comes immediately
after an -ing clause is automatically interpreted as its subject.
While crossing the street, he saw a cow. (He was crossing the street.)
While crossing the street, the cow stopped to stare at us. (The cow was crossing the street.)
While crossing the street, a car ran over him/While crossing the street, he was run over by a car.

• -ing forms can also be used in combination with prepositions, prepositional phrases or adverbs.
Time
after, on/upon (formal), since, when, while/whilst
On finding out the actual cost of the trip, they decided to cancel it.
I haven’t taken a formal test since leaving school.
The importance of loyalty is something I learned while serving in the army.
Manner and consequence
by, thereby, thus
She’s become president by demonstrating that she is tough and charismatic.
They made me a member of the club, thereby granting me access to their library.
He signed a ten-year contract, thus ensuring some economic stability.
Addition
apart from, as well as, in addition to
Apart from studying at university, I worked as a bank clerk.
As well as visiting the city’s museums, we also took time to discover its night life.
In addition to making significant progress, we have raised more funds for the project.

124 THAT’S ENGLISH!

Grammar Reference Unit 3

1 REVISION OF PASSIVE VOICE

• Remember that we use the passive voice in a sentence when we want to emphasise the
action over the agent. To put a verb in the passive voice we use the verb be as an auxiliary
(in the tense we want to use) and the past participle of the main verb.
Someone stole the money from our safe. ➞The money was stolen from our safe.

If we want to mention the agent, we introduce it with the preposition by.

Most crimes are committed by ordinary people.

• Verbs such as ask, bring, give, lend, offer, promise, send, show and tell can have two objects
(indirect and direct). In the passive voice, both the indirect and direct object can be the
subject (in the second case, the indirect object is introduced by the preposition to*).
They sent Paula a threatening email.
indirect direct object
object

Paula was sent a threatening email. A threatening email was sent to Paula.
subject subject

*Some verbs, like buy, cook or pour take the preposition for.
A special bed was bought for him because he was unusually tall.

• Reporting verbs, that is, verbs mainly connected with language and opinion such as assume,
believe, claim, consider, declare, discover, expect, find, know, prove, report, say, show,
suppose, think, etc., have two possible structures in the passive voice.
The police think that he is the leader of a gang.

It is thought that he is the leader of a gang. He is thought to be the leader of a gang.

It + be + past participle + that + clause Subject + be + past participle + to + infinitive

! If the action is finished, the perfect infinitive (have + past participle) is used.
It is believed that he killed/has killed his neighbour. ➞ He is believed to have killed his neighbour.

2 SHOULD AND OUGHT TO

• Should and ought to only have one form for all persons and are followed by an infinitive.
The negative is formed by adding not after the verb: should not, ought not to. These negative
forms can be contracted: shouldn’t and oughtn’t to (less common).

• Both verbs are very similar in meaning, although ought to tends to be more formal and it
isn’t normally used in questions. We use these verbs to:
– Express what we think is the correct thing to do (ought to often applies to what we feel is
morally correct, more polite or someone’s duty).
He shouldn’t text her every five minutes. That’s harassment!
Parents ought to keep an eye on what their children do online.
– Give or ask for advice.
Should I report the theft to the police?
You ought to be more careful with the photos you post online.
– Talk about something which will probably happen or is expected to happen in the normal
logical course of events.
She’s a good judge so she should be impartial in our case too.
We phoned over an hour ago so the police ought to be here any moment now.

THAT’S ENGLISH! 125

Grammar Reference Unit 3

• To refer to the past we use should/ought to + have + past participle.

You shouldn’t have left the door unlocked.
I ought to have apologised after the incident.

! When should and ought to are used in the past, they express regret or recrimination: you should/ought
to have done something that you didn’t or you did something that you shouldn’t/oughtn’t to have done.

3 AGREEING AND DISAGREEING

• The verbs agree and disagree can be used with a number of different structures:
– agree/disagree + that + clause (reach the same conclusion, admit/refuse)
The jury agreed that the defendant was guilty.
I agree that some of Judge Brown’s sentences may have been a mistake.
I disagree that the offenders should be sent to prison.
The judge disagreed that the sentence he’d given was unusually harsh.
– agree + to + infinitive (accept)
He agreed to give us the information we needed.
– agree/disagree + with + someone (have the same/a different opinion as someone)
You’re absolutely right. I totally agree with you.
My wife thought it had been an accident but I disagreed with her.
– agree/disagree + with + something/-ing (be in favour/against)
We don’t agree with the judge’s decision.
Not everyone agrees with legalising marijuana.
I totally disagree with corporal punishment.
– agree/disagree + on/about/over* + something (have the same/a different opinion about something)
We agreed on/about the services they had to pay for but disagreed on/about/over the
form of payment.
*Over is only used with disagree or when agree appears in a negative context (e.g. We couldn’t agree over
…, It was impossible to agree over …, etc.)

! Agree on can also mean choose or come to an agreement on a specific thing after some
discussion.
A: Shall we meet again on Monday?
B: Sorry, I’m busy on Monday. How about Wednesday?
A: Wednesday is fine.
We agreed on a day for the meeting.

• Other ways to express agreement and disagreement.

Total agreement Total disagreement
That’s absolute rubbish!
So/Neither do I.
Nonsense!
Me too/neither.
You must be joking!
I’m with you on that.
It’s true, I’m telling you!
I couldn’t agree more.
I can’t go along with you there.

Partial agreement Partial disagreement

I agree with you up to a point but … I don’t really see it like that myself.
I know what you mean but … Well, that’s one way of looking at things.

126 THAT’S ENGLISH!

Grammar Reference Unit 4

1 I WISH AND IF ONLY

• We use wish/if only + subject + past simple to talk about situations in the present that we
would like to change or see change.
I wish I had more time to study but I have so much to do at work!
If only she lived closer to me! That would make things much easier.
If only you didn’t have to work at weekends! My Sundays are so boring!

• With the verb be, we can use were with I, he, she, it or the usual past simple form was.
We wish our son were/was a bit tidier. His room is a mess.

• For situations that depend on someone else’s decisions and we find irritating, we use:

subject + wish + subject + would + infinitive if only + subject + would + infinitive

I wish you wouldn’t annoy me all the time. It’s If only they would listen to our proposal! I’m
very irritating! sure they would change their minds.

• Wish/If only + subject + past perfect is used to express regrets about past actions (i.e. we
would like to change the past).
He wishes he had never run for President. It was the end of his political career.
I wish you had told them the truth. Now we both need to keep on lying.
If only I hadn’t had that last drink! I was so sick when I got home!

2 EXPRESSING REGRET
Besides using wish and if only, we can express that we are sorry about something that we did
or didn’t do in the past with regret + (not) -ing or regret + (not) having + past participle. There
is no difference in meaning between using one structure or the other, but regret + -ing feels
more recent and regret + having + past participle is normally used to emphasise that the action
was completed in the past.
I regret not buying/not having bought a bigger house when the prices were low.
She regrets quitting the course. She would be qualified by now!
She regrets having left school when she was 17 because now she can’t get a job.

3 OMITTING THE SUBJECT PRONOUN

• We often leave out the subject when it is repeated over several clauses linked by and, but or
then, or when we have a list of actions. We can omit the subject as long as there is nothing
between the subject and the verb that could be interpreted as a new subject.
She was badly hurt in the crash but (she) still found the courage to help other passengers.
We usually leave work at 6, then (we) meet up with friends for a drink.
Every morning, I get up, (I) take a shower, (I) have breakfast, and (I) leave for work in less
than an hour.

• In informal English, both written and spoken, the pronouns I and we are often omitted when
they are the subjects.
(I) Hope you had fun last night.
We didn’t do anything special. (We) Had dinner, (we) watched some TV, and (we) went
straight to bed.

• Sometimes both the subject and the auxiliaries be and have are omitted if the main verb is
in the -ing form or a past participle.
(We are) Only trying to help here, OK? Don’t get upset!
Where are you? (I have) Been phoning you all morning!
(I have) Been there and done that already!

THAT’S ENGLISH! 127

Grammar Reference
• In very informal English, other pronouns (+ auxiliary) can also be omitted as long as the
subject is clear from the context.
I don’t know why they’re not at home. (They) Left for a walk, I suppose.
(You have) Been shopping, have you?
4 CONNECTORS OF CONTRAST
As a clause within a sentence
whereas, while
Many young adults are afraid of making mistakes,
whereas older people normally regret not having
been more daring.
While some people regret many of the things
they did when they were young, I’m very proud
of my past.
although
Although he won’t admit it, he has some regrets
about his past behaviour.
She cares about what other people think of her
although she won’t tell them.
in spite of, despite, notwithstanding
In spite of being/the fact that he is my best friend,
he doesn’t understand how I feel.
They won the race despite having stopped/the
fact that they stopped to help another team.
Notwithstanding her illness/the fact that she was
feeling ill, she managed to win the match.
128
Unit 4
Starting a new sentence (after a strong
pause, i.e. semicolon or full stop)
however, nevertheless
She’s got a very successful career. However, she’s
not overly proud of her accomplishments.
You were always afraid of taking risks;
nevertheless, you had the courage to start your
own business.
on the other hand, in contrast, by contrast
I’d probably enjoy a less stressful life. On the
other hand, I’m sure I’d get dreadfully bored.
They didn’t help us with our project. In/By
contrast, they were very supportive of our
competitor’s proposal.
on the contrary, in fact, as a matter of fact,
actually, in reality
We’re not saying you shouldn’t sell the house.
On the contrary, we think it would help you
financially.
They say I always agree with her decisions. In fact/
As a matter of fact/Actually, I often oppose them.
His agent pretends to like his paintings. In reality,
she only likes the money she makes with them.
THAT’S ENGLISH!
Grammar Reference Unit 5

1 OBLIGATION AND NECESSITY

A Modals of obligation and necessity
Present obligation Past obligation Lack of obligation
must
(the speaker imposes their had to
authority) don’t have to/didn’t have to
We had to be in the
Manager: You must be more careful You don’t have to print the
classroom before the
if you want to keep this job. documents. You can send them
teacher or he wouldn’t
by email.
have to let us in.
She didn’t have to go to work
(the obligation is external to the I had to open a bank
last Tuesday because it was a
speaker; a requirement or a need) account before I could
bank holiday.
get a mortgage.
Co-worker: You have to ask for
permission to use the photocopier.

• Must only has one form. It doesn’t have a past tense*, an infinitive form, or a participle, so
we need to use have to/had to for all tenses other than the present.Therefore, the distinction
between must and have to (i.e. internal vs external obligation) only applies to the present.
We had to help grandpa down the stairs because he might have fallen.
You will have to pay me in advance for that type of work.
I’ve had to order more copies of her novel because so many people want one.

*There are some rare uses of must for the past, as in He felt he must get away from the house, but we can
always use had to with the same meaning (i.e. He felt he had to get away from the house).

• Need to is an alternative to have to to express necessity or obligation.

You need to/have to buy a ticket before you board the bus.

• Particularly in British English, need can also function as a modal verb: it has only one form
for all persons and is followed by the infinitive without to.
No one need know about this project. (No one needs to know about this project.)
Need I say more? (Do I need to say more?)

B Didn’t need to and needn’t have done

• When talking about the past, it is important to make a distinction between didn’t need to
(the subject knew that something wasn’t necessary) and needn’t have + past participle (the
subject did something which was unnecessary).
We didn’t need to buy milk because there was plenty in the fridge. (It wasn’t necessary to
buy milk and we knew it.)
She needn’t have worried about being late because the meeting had been cancelled. (She
worried unnecessarily.)

C Need (other uses)

• When need is used in the passive (i.e. something needs to be done), it can be followed by -ing.
This house needs painting. (This house needs to be painted.)

• We can also express lack of necessity as follows:

there + be + no need for + noun there + be + no need (for someone) to + infinitive

We understood each other perfectly. There’s no need for you to get into more trouble. I’ll
There was no need for words. sort it out myself.

THAT’S ENGLISH! 129

Grammar Reference Unit 5

2 INDEFINITE PRONOUNS AND QUANTIFIERS

A Indefinite pronouns do not refer to a specific person, thing, place or amount.

somebody/someone anybody/anyone everybody/everyone nobody/no one

something anything everything nothing
somewhere anywhere everywhere nowhere

• Remember that some is assertive (i.e. the speaker believes that something exists) and
any is non-assertive (i.e. the speaker doesn’t know whether something exists). As a result,
although we generally use some with affirmative sentences and any with interrogative and
negative sentences, sometimes both can be used.
Have you seen anyone? (Nothing indicates that there was someone you might have seen.)
Have you seen someone? (I have reasons to believe that you may answer ’yes’.)
Would you like anything to drink? (I don’t know whether you’re thirsty.)
Would you like something to drink? (I have drinks available for you.)

• Remember to use the pronouns starting with no- (not those with any-) at the beginning of a
negative sentence. These sentences do not require the use of auxiliary do, does, did + not.
No one liked the programme.
Nothing tastes as good as real sugar.

• Indefinite pronouns are singular but when we make a reference to them, we normally use
plural personal pronouns and plural possessives in order to include both genders.
No one thinks they are (he or she is) responsible for what happened.
Everyone drives their (his or her) own car to work. What a waste of fuel!

B Quantifiers like all, few, little or many can be used as pronouns. In order to use them
correctly, it is essential to know whether they are singular or plural.
Singular Plural
little Little is known about his past life. few Few dare to take up this challenge.
much Much needs to be done about this. many Many give up before the end.
each Each has a different reason for being here. several Several oppose the decision.
Both
All is ready for the party.
all
There are no more children in the garden. All are inside.
More needs to be done.
more
Some people want better schools but more are asking for better hospitals.
We managed to save some information but most has been lost.
most
Some people remember, but most have forgotten about the war.
There was some cake on the table but there is none left now.
They promised new roads but none have been built.
*none
*When it refers to a group, none can be used as a singular or a plural pronoun.
We asked several people, but none was/were willing to help.

! Don’t confuse no one (nobody) with none (not one or not anything).
No one came to the party. I invited a lot of my friends but none (of them) came.
I have lots of books but none about gardening.

130 THAT’S ENGLISH!

Grammar Reference Unit 5

3 WHATSOEVER AND NOT AT ALL

Use: to make the sentence more emphatic
After none
Having too much choice is as bad
as having none whatsoever/at all.
After adjectives
She wasn’t nervous whatsoever/
at all.
Whatsoever and not at all
Indefinite pronouns with no After no + noun
(no one, nobody, nothing)
No one whatsoever/at all can He had no patience whatsoever/
justify a decision like that. at all with her.
Before adjectives As a reply to a question
(only at all) (only at all)
They weren’t at all nervous. Do you mind?
Not at all!

! With verbs in the negative form, no becomes any, but the same rules apply.
We haven’t imposed any restrictions whatsoever/at all on the budget.
I haven’t spoken to anyone whatsoever/at all.

THAT’S ENGLISH! 131

Grammar Reference Unit 6

1 INTENSIFYING ADVERBS
Intensifying adverbs such as highly, strongly or utterly add the idea of very or very much to
an adjective or a verb. In order to use these adverbs correctly, it is essential to learn which
collocations or combinations of words sound natural. Here are a few examples.
Intensifying adverbs
absolutely, utterly* bitterly
(with extreme adjectives) (for strong emotions that express resentment)
Adjectives: brilliant, disgraceful, disgusting, Adjectives: angry, disappointed, disappointing,
exhausted, marvellous, ridiculous, wonderful unhappy
His performance was absolutely brilliant. The final results were bitterly disappointing.
I find his arguments utterly ridiculous. Verbs: complain, criticise, cry, regret, resent
*less frequent, more literary They bitterly resented their loss of power.

deeply
(for intense, heartfelt emotions)
Adjectives: affected, ashamed, committed,
concerned, grateful, hurt, moved, religious,
shocked, worried
We were deeply moved by her speech.
ridiculously
(for shockingly exaggerated qualities)
Adjectives: cheap, difficult, early, easy, expensive,
hard, high, large, long, low, short, small
Some of the questions in the test were
ridiculously hard.
highly
(to express probability or objective value judgments)
Adjectives: competitive, controversial, effective,
improbable, ineffective, likely, probable,
profitable, recommended, successful, unlikely
This is a highly effective way to reduce stress.
Verbs: praise, recommend
The exhibition was highly praised in the newspaper.
strongly
(to express opinions)
Verbs: believe, condemn, deny, feel, influence,
object, oppose, recommend, support
Most voters strongly oppose the decision.

2 INVERSION WITH CONDITIONAL SENTENCES

There are three formal types of conditional sentences that start with the auxiliary verb instead
of the word if. These formal alternatives should not be mistaken for questions.
Conditional sentence Formal alternative with inversion
If you should find any difficulty in Should you find any difficulty in
1st conditional understanding these instructions, don’t understanding these instructions, don’t
hesitate to call us. hesitate to call us.
If you were to lose your job tomorrow, Were you to lose your job tomorrow,
2nd conditional
what would you do? what would you do?
If I had known that they would fire me, I Had I known that they would fire me, I
wouldn’t have devoted so much time to wouldn’t have devoted so much time to
3rd conditional the project. the project.
If it hadn’t been for Mayor Warner, the Had it not been for Mayor Warner, the
city would have turned into a battlefield. city would have turned into a battlefield.

! Using should and were to adds the idea that the speaker doesn’t think the situation is likely.
If you should have/Should you have a medical emergency, call this number. (In the remote event
that you have an emergency.)
If I were to give/Were I to give you one million pounds, how would you spend it? (If I gave you one
million pounds, which I don’t think is likely to happen.)

132 THAT’S ENGLISH!

Grammar Reference Unit 6

3 INVERSION WITH NEGATIVE ADVERBIALS

As we saw in unit 2 (page 124), we can make a sentence more dramatic by starting it with a
negative or very restrictive word or expression, such as hardly (when), little, never, no sooner
(than), not only (but also), only (after, by, when, if ), on no account, seldom or under no
circumstances. The verb in the main clause takes the same structure as a question: auxiliary
verb + subject.
Little did she expect the greeting she received.
Never had we thought we would be so highly regarded!
No sooner had I ended the call than the phone rang again.
Not only are they great football players but they are also polite with the press.
Only after he’d lost everything did he feel free to do what he wanted.
On no account/Under no circumstances do we allow any type of discrimination.
Seldom will you find a better investment.

4 CONNECTORS FOR CAUSE AND RESULT

The following chart shows how connectors for cause and result are most frequently used.

Cause
because of, due to, on account of, owing to,
thanks to + noun/-ing
Our flight was cancelled on account of bad visibility.
The city has gained popularity thanks to becoming
the capital of wine tourism.
the reason for/behind + noun/-ing
The reason behind his decision to resign is still a
mystery.
The reason for hiring her is not clear.
as, because, for, since + clause
We couldn’t open a bigger hotel, for we needed more
investors to pay for the expansion.
Since you’ve been here before, why don’t you show
me the way to Susan’s office?
because of this, for this reason, + new sentence
He has lived in many different countries. For this
reason, he is a good diplomat.
Result
resulting in + noun
Many factories were forced to shut down,
resulting in a rise in unemployment.
so + clause
I have lost my phone, so I won’t be able to
send text messages until I get a new one.
as a result, consequently, so, that’s why,
therefore, thus + new sentence
She is not the owner of the house.
Consequently/So, she can’t tell me what to
do with it.
You are the best candidate. That’s why I’ve
chosen you.

THAT’S ENGLISH! 133

Grammar Reference Unit 7

1 MODAL VERBS OF OBLIGATION

Present obligation
must/mustn’t
have to/need (to)
You mustn’t share this information
with anyone. It’s confidential.
If she wants to talk to her MP, she
needs to get an appointment.
Need I ask who said it?
(For a complete explanation of how to use these verbs, see Grammar Reference for unit 5, page 129.)
Past obligation Lack of obligation
had to don’t have to/don’t need to
didn’t have to/didn’t need to
needn’t have + past participle
We had to get a visa to stay You don’t have to pay to visit
in the country for more than the Parliament. It’s free.
three months. The apprentice needn’t have
come to the meeting as he
wasn’t allowed to make any
decisions.

Permission Prohibition/Lack of permission

can/may can’t/may not/mustn’t
You can/may come to my office any time you You can’t park here without a permit.
want. I may not leave the house until my father gives
me permission.
You mustn’t use the car in the resident zones.

2 OTHER WAYS OF EXPRESSING OBLIGATION

Active Voice Passive Voice
make + someone + infinitive be made + to + infinitive
Impose

They made us sign a contract.
ask/force/require/urge + someone + to +
infinitive
They urged us to work faster.
not allow + someone + to + infinitive
The police didn’t allow us to take photographs.
Prohibit
We were made to pay for their mistake.
be + asked/forced/required/urged + to +
infinitive
She was asked to resign.
not be allowed + to + infinitive
We weren’t allowed to get near the President.

ban/prevent + someone + from + -ing be + banned/prevented + from + -ing

The nurse prevented him from entering the They were banned from entering the VIP lounge.
room.

3 OBJECT (TO)
Like many other verbs, object can be followed by several structures.

Object + that + clause Object to + something

The opposition object(s) that the bill is giving the government We object to the rise in taxes.
too much power.
Object to + object pronoun/possessive adjective/(‘s) + -ing Object to + -ing
No one will object to us/our postponing the debate. She objected to rewriting the proposal.
They didn’t object to Sally(‘s) asking for her money back.

134 THAT’S ENGLISH!

Grammar Reference Unit 7

! Subject of an -ing form.

When the subject of the main verb and the subject of an --ing clause are different, we need to specify
the subject of the -ing form. This can be done, as we’ve seen in the examples with object to, with an
object pronoun, a possessive adjective or ‘s. In more formal contexts, the possessive is preferred.
I appreciate having the opportunity to choose. (I have the opportunity and I appreciate it.)
I appreciate Peter(’s)/him/his thinking of me as a candidate. (Peter thinks of me and I appreciate it.)

4 EMPHATIC AND FORMAL USE OF PERSONAL PRONOUNS

We can add more emphasis to a sentence which has a personal pronoun as the subject by
adding a reflexive pronoun (myself, yourself, ourselves, etc.). We can also explain what or who
the personal pronoun refers to with a phrase between commas.
You yourself should know why you’re asking that question.
We, the signers of this petition, express our opposition to the sale of public land.

5 QUESTION TAGS
• Question tags are used at the end of a sentence to check information or ask for agreement.
They are formed by using the same auxiliary we would use to transform the main sentence
into a question. If the main sentence is affirmative, the question tag is usually negative and
vice versa. Keep in mind that words like nothing, no one, never, hardly, etc. make sentences
negative.
You’re here to see the Prime Minister, aren’t you?
This isn’t the first time you’ve spoken to him, is it?
He will never agree to that, will he?
No one likes him as a person, do they?

• Remember that we use it in question tags with subjects like anything, nothing or something
in the main sentence. We also use they as a general pronoun for both genders with anyone,
someone, everybody, etc.
Nothing will ever change, will it?
Everyone wants to find a solution, don’t they?

THAT’S ENGLISH! 135

Grammar Reference Unit 8

1 RELATIVE CLAUSES
Defining relative clauses Non-defining relative clauses
• Used to specify which object, person, place or • Used to add extra information about an object,
time we refer to. person, place or time.
• No commas are used. • Placed between or after commas.
• That, which and who can be omitted if they are
not the subject of the clause, that is, if they are
not followed by a verb.
People: who/that People: who
Things/Animals: which/that Things/Animals: which
Time: when Time: when
Places: where Places: where
Possession: whose Possession: whose
People who/that appreciate art will enjoy visiting Andy Warhol, who died in 1987, is one of the most
this museum. famous artists in the world.
The Picasso (which/that) they were trying to sell Picasso’s last painting, which dates from 1972, is
was fake. now on sale.
The time (when/that*) you could find bargains in In the 90s, when the gallery was opened, business
art galleries is now gone. was booming.
The room where they stored the pieces was too The new storage room, where the paintings are
damp. now kept, is much larger.
Velázquez and Goya are only two of the many We visited the Bargello Museum, whose collection
artists whose work you can see at the Prado. includes masterpieces by many Italian sculptors.
* In informal English, when can be replaced by that or omitted after nouns referring to time.

! After a preposition we have to use whom (for people) and which (for things) but this structure is
only used in formal English. More commonly, prepositions are placed at the end of the clause and
that, which or who are used (or omitted) following the rules shown above.
Julius II is the Pope for whom Michelangelo painted.
Julius II is the Pope (that/who) Michelangelo painted for.
This is the town in which he shot his first film.
This is the town (which/that) he shot his first film in.

Reduced relative clauses

• A relative pronoun followed by a verb in the active voice or a continuous form in the passive voice
is reduced to the -ing form.
The company which sponsored the exhibition has spent millions of pounds. ➞ The company
sponsoring the exhibition has spent millions of pounds.
The woman who was standing next to me is a famous actress. ➞ The woman standing next to
me is a famous actress.
The pieces which are being auctioned are exceptional. ➞ The pieces being auctioned are
exceptional.
• A relative pronoun followed by a verb in the passive voice is reduced to the past participle.
The artists who will be included in the project are all American. ➞ The artists included in the
project are all American.
Her latest novel, which was published last month, has been a hit. ➞ Her latest novel, published
last month, has been a hit.

136 THAT’S ENGLISH!

Grammar Reference Unit 8

Reduced relative clauses

• A relative pronoun followed by have to (or equivalent words like need to, must, should etc.) is
reduced to to + infinitive.
If you are interested in politics, this is the programme that you should watch. ➞ If you are
interested in politics, this is the programme to watch.
This is the place where you must go if you want to eat the best hamburgers in town. ➞ This is
the place to go if you want to eat the best hamburgers in town.
• A relative pronoun followed by verbs indicating presence, such as: be, seem, appear, feel, etc. +
prepositional phrase is reduced to a prepositional phrase.
The man who appears in the photo stole the vase. ➞ The man in the photo stole the vase.
The paintings which are on the second floor are even more interesting. ➞ The paintings on the
second floor are even more interesting.

2 RECOMMEND, ADVISE, SUGGEST

These verbs can be followed by different structures without a change in meaning.
Advise Recommend Suggest
The agent advised The guidebook A colleague suggested
-ing buying* the tickets as recommends visiting the organising a day trip to
early as possible. local museum. Hampton Court Palace.
A friend recommended The teacher suggested
The organisers advised
that someone + that I went to see the that we didn’t spend
that people reserved in
conjugated verb new James Bond film but too much time on the
advance.
I hated it. interactive displays.
Experts advise that They recommended that The guide suggested
that someone
buyers (should) take our group (should) allow that everyone (should)
(should) +
measures to prevent at least two hours for the get a copy of the free
infinitive
being conned. visit. catalogue.
I recommend you to
someone to + The police advised us to read a bit about the
−
infinitive be aware of pickpockets. artist before you visit the
exhibition.
* Also advise against + -ing, used for warnings: Experts strongly advise against using cleaning products on paintings.

THAT’S ENGLISH! 137

Grammar Reference Unit 9

1 PERFECT PARTICIPLES
• Perfect participles are formed using having + past participle. They indicate that an action
is completed or finished before another action takes place. They are often used to express
‘after someone had done something’ or ‘because someone has done something’.
Having seen many horror films in my life, I don’t get scared so easily anymore. (After
seeing/Because I have seen …)
Having travelled all day, they were ready for bed. (After travelling/Because they have travelled …)

• Although it is not strictly necessary, the preposition after is sometimes used with the perfect
participle.
After having packed the suitcases, she realised she would need summer clothes in
Australia.

• The expressions having said that and having said this + clause are used to express contrast.
They are equivalent to a contrast clause.
I can’t say I like fairy tales. Having said that, I did like Snow White as a child. (I can’t say I
like fairy tales. However/Nevertheless, I did like Snow White as a child.)

2 IN THE END AND AT THE END

In the end
At the end
(= eventually, finally)
• Used to express something which happens as • A reference to when or where something finishes.
a result of a process, after thinking about it or At the end (of the book), the story becomes
after discussing it for a long time. very sad.
It was hard to convince him, but in the end The lecturer said we could ask questions at
he agreed to come with us. the end (of his class).
We looked through hundreds of photos for
the cover but in the end we used the first
one you suggested.

3 CORRECTING
Introducing a misconception Introducing correct information/facts
Although it is commonly believed that … Actually, … In reality, …
Contrary to what most people think, … As a matter of fact, … The fact of the matter is …
It is a common misconception that … In fact, …

Although it is commonly believed that children learn a new language easily, in fact this is
only true for those who live in a foreign country.
Contrary to what most people think, fairy tales are not only for children. As a matter of fact,
their original versions are often cruel and gruesome.
It is a common misconception that sugar causes hyperactivity in children. In reality, studies
show no difference in behaviour between children who eat sugar and those who don’t.

138 THAT’S ENGLISH!

Grammar Reference Unit 9

4 EVEN IF, EVEN THOUGH, STILL

We can use these three expressions to show contrast.
Even if Even though Still
(= supposing) (= although) (= however)
Even if I had the money, I would Even though the film is The story is simple. Still, it is
never buy a yacht. entertaining, I didn’t like the end. both surprising and moving.
You should always respect your Even though she’s lived in Paris He knew it was dangerous.
parents, even if you disagree for two years, she still gets lost Still, he went on with his plan.
with them. all the time.

! Even if introduces a conditional clause and implies a possibility.

Even if they offered me a great job, I would never work for them. (The offer is only a possibility and
I wouldn’t take it.)

Even though refers to a reality and introduces contrast.

Even though they offered him a great job, he refused to work for them. (The offer was real but he
didn’t take it.)

5 SPECULATING
• We can use the third conditional to speculate about hypothetical situations in the past and
their imagined consequences.
if + subject + had (not) + past participle, subject + would/should/might (not) have + past
participle
If Cinderella hadn’t lost a shoe, Prince Charming wouldn’t have found her.
What would have happened if Snow White hadn’t been so pretty?
If my parents had spent more time telling me stories, I might have become a better
reader.

• Remember that you can introduce third conditional clauses with other connectors like even
if, supposing (that), or with an inversion.
Even if Cinderella hadn’t gone to the ball, she might have eventually met Prince Charming.
Supposing (that) Goldilocks had been more polite, would the bears have been nice to
her?
Had I been warned of the consequences, I would not have taken that decision.

THAT’S ENGLISH! 139

Writing Reference Unit 2

Writing a personal statement

A personal statement is a short description of yourself aimed at convincing a prospective
employer that you are the best candidate for a position. It is the first element that appears
on your CV and your chance to sell yourself in a few words.

Having studied Marketing and Business Administration at the

University of Bath and with five years’ experience as a sales manager Say who you are.
for a leading multinational, I have a strong educational background Summarise your
in marketing, business development, and project management as qualifications and
experience.
well as extensive hands-on experience in hiring, training and leading
sales teams.

Besides being able to communicate effectively and motivate other

team members to reach personal and organisational objectives, I have
a proven track record for meeting deadlines and exceeding company Describe your skills and
expectations. As an energetic team leader with a passion for sales and personal qualities.
excellent networking skills, I have been able to increase my current
organisation’s sales and client base by 18%.

After eight years in sales, currently seeking a new challenge and an

Specify your career goals
opportunity to offer my excellent managerial and personal skills as a and what you can offer to
National Sales Manager for a dynamic fast-growing company. the company.

Writing tips:
➜ Keep your statement short. It is not a covering letter but a summary of your
achievements.

➜ Be specific and use the job description to guide you on what to include.

➜ Don’t forget to mention how you would be valuable to the company.

➜ Be concise and avoid overuse of the first person pronoun ‘I’ by using structures
with -ing.

➜ Compile a list of common words and phrases, including qualities (conscientious,

highly motivated) and skills (effective listener, good at motivating others).

140 THAT’S ENGLISH!

Writing Reference Unit 4

Writing an informal email of apology

Informal emails are written to friends or family. Informal expressions and abbreviations are
used, information must be organised and appropriate salutations should be used.

Hi Uncle Joe,

I decided to drop you a line because I think I need to tell you I’m sorry. I Start by explaining
know you probably think I hate you after what happened at Christmas why you are writing.
dinner. In reality, you’re very important to me and I hope we can sort
out this mess.

You may not even remember how it all started, but you made a very
critical comment about the new leader of the Labour Party. The thing
Describe the details
is, I have high hopes for the potential changes he could make in this of what happened.
country — as I told you. Unfortunately, I wasn’t in the best mood to Mention the reasons
appreciate the humour in the sarcastic remark you made after that, for your behaviour and
and I got furious with you. I know that was a big mistake. If only I anything that might
had kept my mouth shut and not talked about politics. After all, you’ve justify it.
always been my favourite uncle.

I am truly sorry for what I did and hope you’ll forgive me. You really
do mean a lot to me. How about coming to dinner on Sunday so I can
make it up to you?
Apologise and suggest
Bye for now. ways in which things
can be sorted out.
Your nephew,

Alex

Writing tips:
➜ Use informal salutations to begin and end the email.

➜ Be clear, sincere and direct.

➜ Admit that you were wrong, say you regret what happened, apologise and
express your hopes for a peaceful resolution.

➜ Use expressions for apologising (I’m awfully/terribly/really sorry about

… , please accept my apologies) and expressions of regret (I regret
having … , I wish I hadn’t said/done … , I regret what happened).

➜ Use contractions.

THAT’S ENGLISH! 141

Writing Reference Unit 6

Writing a formal letter of invitation

Formal invitations are sent to people that we don’t know personally or with whom we don’t
have a close personal relationship. Consequently, the style and expressions we use should
be those of a formal letter.

Dear Mr Johnson,

My name is Susan Harris and I am writing on behalf of the Introduce yourself and
teachers at St Andrew’s Secondary School to cordially invite describe the event.
you to attend a presentation that will be held in our school on
8 June at 5 o’clock.

As you may be aware, our school has organised a programme to

help a number of families in our community who are struggling
financially due to unemployment. So far, our students have Describe the cause
and say why you would
managed to raise over £50,000 to help pay electricity bills and like the person invited
buy much needed basic supplies. We feel that, as our mayor, to be involved.
you too will want to get involved in what has now become a
large-scale aid project.

We would therefore be honoured if you could participate in

the event by presenting the awards we have prepared for the Give more details
about the event and
students who have contributed most to the project, recognising how the person could
their labour. Should you also wish to make a donation to the contribute.
project, it will certainly be most gratefully received.

Please do not hesitate to contact us if you have any questions

or requests. We eagerly await your reply. Make yourself
available for questions
Yours sincerely, or requests. End the
letter.
Ms Susan Harris (Head teacher)

Writing tips:
➜ Use formal salutations to begin and end the letter in an appropriate style.

➜ Do not use colloquial expressions or contractions.

➜ Include polite expressions like on behalf, cordially invite, we would be

honoured, etc.

➜ Use formal connectors (therefore, due to, so far, etc.) and structures like
inverted conditionals.

➜ Describe the event in detail and mention why the person may be interested
in participating and in what way their presence will be important.

142 THAT’S ENGLISH!

Writing Reference Unit 8

Writing a review
When writing a review you will need to describe an art exhibition, book or film in detail, as
well as give your opinion about it and either recommend for or against it. You do not need
to use formal language. You can be personal and direct.

The exhibition at the Royal Academy of the well-known Chinese Give the practical
artist and activist, Ai Weiwei, is proving immensely popular. It will details about the
only be on until the 13th of June, so it’s well worth booking your event: name, where it’s
tickets now. held, dates, etc.

At first glance, the visitor is struck by the huge scale and strangeness
of some of the installation pieces. For example, at the entrance Give a general
there’s a small forest of trees, built with mismatched pieces of description of the
dead wood. The end result is both dramatic and atmospheric. The show. Describe your
rest of the pieces, such as the three-dimensional maps of China or first impressions.
the bicycle chandelier, are beautifully mounted in order to make a
powerful impact on the viewer.

Ai Weiwei’s work contrasts the contemporary world and traditional

Chinese art. It is always controversial and thought-provoking. One
such example is an ancient Chinese urn that has the Coca-Cola logo
painted on it. There are exquisite pieces of furniture, which have Describe some of the
pieces in more detail.
been transformed into new, purposeless objects, in order to make Give your opinion.
a personal, social or political statement. You will also find massive
pieces, including near life size sculptures of Ai Weiwei, made with
microscopic precision, which represent his life in prison. In my
opinion, the highpoint of the whole exhibition is a sea of metal
rods built to denounce the Chinese government and corruption.
In the conclusion,
include a final
This is certainly an exhibition I’d recommend. If you think Ai
evaluation and a
Weiwei is a pretentious, overrated pseudo-artist, this show will recommendation.
change your mind.

Writing tips:
➜ Describe the event in detail. Avoid generalisations.

➜ Make your descriptions interesting by using a wide range of vocabulary.

➜ Use relative clauses and reduced relative clauses to give detailed

information.

➜ Include emphatic language (adjectives, adverb, etc.) to give your opinion

and final recommendation.

THAT’S ENGLISH! 143

Pronunciation Guide
PHONEMIC CHART
DIPHTHONGS

i: ɪ ʊ u: ɪə eɪ
cheap chip put you here wait
VOWELS

e ə ɜ: ɔ: ʊə ɔɪ əʊ
bed teacher bird door tour boy show

æ ʌ ɑ: ɒ eə aɪ aʊ
cat up far on hair my cow

p t f θ tʃ s ʃ k
pea tea fly think cheese say shoe car
CONSONANTS

b d v ð dʒ z ʒ g
boat dog video this June zoo vision go

m n ŋ h l r w j
man now sing hat love red wet yellow

voiced sounds: vocal cords vibrate

unvoiced sounds: vocal cords don’t vibrate

LINKING
When we speak at a natural pace, words are not pronounced in isolation, rather they are linked
together. They connect to one another in these ways:

vowel + consonant
vowel + vowel
consonant + vowel

aspecialoffer /əˈspeʃ(ə)lˈɒfə(r)/ /ʊ/ or /u:/ + vowel ➞ /w/ emerges

goout /ˈɡəʊwˈaʊt/
linking /r/
doit now /ˈduːwɪtˈnaʊ/
In varieties of English in which the sound /r/
after a vowel is not pronounced at the end /ɪ/ or /i:/ + vowel ➞ /j/ emerges
of a word, the /r/ emerges when followed byand large /ˈbaɪjˈəndˌlɑː(r)dʒ/
by a vowel:
beour friend /ˈbi:jaʊə(r)ˈfrend/
my teacher /maɪˈtiːtʃə(r)/
my teacheris here /maɪˈtiːtʃərɪzˈhɪə/

144 THAT’S ENGLISH!

Pronunciation Guide
WORD STRESS
• Stressed syllables generally sound louder, longer, clearer and have a higher pitch than the
rest. In contrast, unstressed syllables, or words, tend to be pronounced /ə/ (schwa).
permanent /ˈpɜː(r)mənənt/, comfortable /ˈkʌmftəb(ə)l/

• Knowing where the stress falls is an essential part of learning a word. Word stress is marked
in dictionaries by placing the symbol /ˈ/ in front of the stressed syllable.
infringement /ɪnˈfrɪndʒmənt/, harassment /ˈhærəsmənt/*
*Sometimes a word can have alternative pronunciations and this is also reflected in the dictionary (in this
case, /ˈhærəsmənt/ or /həˈræsmənt/).

• Some long words have two stressed syllables with the main stress marked with /ˈ/, and the
secondary stress marked with /ˌ/.
assassination /əˌsæsɪˈneɪʃn/, intimidation /ɪnˌtɪmɪˈdeɪʃn/, manslaughter /ˈmænˌslɔːtə(r)/

• Compound words also have a main stress and a secondary stress. In noun + noun compounds
the stress usually falls on the first element.
community service /kəˈmjuːnətɪˌsɜː(r)vɪs/, cyber bullying /ˈsaɪbə(r)ˌbʊlɪɪŋ/,
death penalty /ˈdeθˌpen(ə)lti/, but suspended sentence /səˌspendɪdˈsentəns/
Note: For more information on word stress, see Module 10, Pronunciation Guide.

SENTENCE STRESS: EMPHASIS

The words that carry more meaning in a sentence, like nouns, adjectives, verbs and adverbs,
are always stressed. Grammar words, like affirmative auxiliary verbs, prepositions and articles,
are usually not stressed.
They didn’t know what was going to happen.

• We can emphasise a word by making a sudden jump in pitch when we get to it.
You should never do this again.

• When we put negative adverbials at the beginning of a sentence, we also emphasise them
with a jump in pitch.
Not only are they excellent scientists, but they are also very friendly.

• We can also use a series of jumps to emphasise every word in a sentence. For example, in
strong agreements.
I couldn’t agree more.
That’s perfectly true.

WORD GROUPS
• When we speak, we use intonation to keep together words that form a unit of meaning. This
helps the listener make meaning out of what they hear.
The woman walking towards us seems interested in you.

• The way we group words can change the meaning of what we say.
You need a car or a bicycle and a helmet. (You need a helmet in both cases.)
You need a car or a bicycle and a helmet. (You only need a helmet with the bike.)

• A good example of the importance of word groups is the distinction between defining and
non-defining relative clauses:
The bombing which ended the war is considered a crime against humanity. (defining)
The bombing which ended the war is considered a crime against humanity. (non-defining)

THAT’S ENGLISH! 145

Pronunciation Guide
RISING AND FALLING INTONATION
Rising Falling

To express incompleteness, politeness, To express completion, finality and

surprise or doubt. confidence.

• Yes/No questions • Wh- questions

• Statements
Are you English?
Where are you from?

I’m from Spain.

• Wh- echo questions • Other echo questions

You’re going to do what? A: I love my job!

Compare with: B: Do you?

What are you going to do?

• Questions tags when we are actually • Question tags when we assume the other
asking for information person is going to agree

You’re ready for the challenge, aren’t you? She’s a great leader, isn’t she?

• Sentences can start at a high pitch (to show surprise or anger, for example) or at a low pitch
(for instance, to show sadness, disappointment or fear). For example, Wh- echo questions
usually start at a high pitch. In contrast, when we offer condolences, we start at a low pitch
and the intonation goes down.

I'm so sorry to hear of your loss.

TELLING STORIES
When narrating, the speaker keeps control of the story by marking word groups, which are
often followed by a pause, used to create suspense and to make the story easy to follow. In
order to keep the listeners entertained, there are also frequent changes in pitch, for example,
to impersonate different characters.
Once upon a time long long ago a king and queen ruled over a distant land.
The queen was kind and lovely and all the people of the realm adored her.

146 THAT’S ENGLISH!

List of Irregular Verbs
Infinitive Past simple Past participle Infinitive Past simple Past participle
be was were been forbid forbade forbidden
/biː/ /wɒz/ /wɜː(r)/ /bɪn/ /biːn/ /fə(r)ˈbɪd/ /fə(r)ˈbæd/ /fə(r)ˈbɪd(ə)n/

become /bɪˈkʌm/ became /bɪˈkeɪm/ become /bɪˈkʌm/ forget forgot forgotten

/fə(r)ˈɡet/ /fə(r)ˈɡɒt/ /fə(r)ˈɡɒt(ə)n/
begin /bɪˈɡɪn/ began /bɪˈɡæn/ begun /bɪˈɡʌn/
forgive forgave forgiven
bet /bet/ bet /bet/ bet /bet/ /fə(r)ˈɡɪv/ /fə(r)ˈɡeɪv/ /fə(r)ˈɡɪv(ə)n/

bite /baɪt/ bit /bɪt/ bitten /ˈbɪt(ə)n/ freeze /friːz/ froze /frəʊz/ frozen /ˈfrəʊz(ə)n/

break /breɪk/ broke /brəʊk/ broken /ˈbrəʊk(ə)n/ get /ɡet/ got /ɡɒt/ got /ɡɒt/

bring /brɪŋ/ brought /brɔːt/ brought /brɔːt/ give /ɡɪv/ gave /ɡeɪv/ given /ˈɡɪv(ə)n/

build /bɪld/ built /bɪlt/ built /bɪlt/ go /ɡəʊ/ went /went/ gone /ɡɒn/

burn burned burnt burned burnt grind /ɡraɪnd/ ground /ɡraʊnd/ ground /ɡraʊnd/
/bɜː(r)n/ /bɜː(r)nd/ /bɜː(r)nt/ /bɜː(r)nd/ /bɜː(r)nt/
grow /ɡrəʊ/ grew /ɡruː/ grown /ɡrəʊn/
buy /baɪ/ bought /bɔːt/ bought /bɔːt/
hang /hæŋ/ hung /hʌŋ/ hung /hʌŋ/
catch /kætʃ/ caught /kɔːt/ caught /kɔːt/
have /hæv/ had /hæd/ had /hæd/
choose /tʃuːz/ chose /tʃəʊz/ chosen /ˈtʃəʊz(ə)n/
hear /hɪə(r)/ heard /hɜː(r)d/ heard /hɜː(r)d/
come /kʌm/ came /keɪm/ come /kʌm/
hide /haɪd/ hid /hɪd/ hidden /ˈhɪd(ə)n/
cost /kɒst/ cost /kɒst/ cost /kɒst/
hit /hɪt/ hit /hɪt/ hit /hɪt/
cut /kʌt/ cut /kʌt/ cut /kʌt/
hold /həʊld/ held /held/ held /held/
deal /diːl/ dealt /delt/ dealt /delt/
hurt /hɜː(r)t/ hurt /hɜː(r)t/ hurt /hɜː(r)t/
dig /dɪɡ/ dug /dʌɡ/ dug /dʌɡ/
keep /kiːp/ kept /kept/ kept /kept/
do /duː/ did /dɪd/ done /dʌn/
know /nəʊ/ knew /njuː/ known /nəʊn/
draw /drɔː/ drew /druː/ drawn /drɔːn/
lay /leɪ/ laid /leɪd/ laid /leɪd/
dream dreamed dreamt dreamed dreamt
/driːm/ /driːmd/ /dremt/ /driːmd/ /dremt/ lead /liːd/ led /led/ led /led/

drink /drɪŋk/ drank /dræŋk/ drunk /drʌŋk/ learn learned learnt learned learnt
/lɜː(r)n/ /lɜː(r)nd/ /lɜː(r)nt/ /lɜː(r)nd/ /lɜː(r)nt/
drive /draɪv/ drove /drəʊv/ driven /ˈdrɪv(ə)n/
leave /liːv/ left /left/ left /left/
eat /iːt/ ate /eɪt/ eaten /ˈiːt(ə)n/
lend /lend/ lent /lent/ lent /lent/
fall /fɔːl/ fell /fel/ fallen /ˈfɔːlən/
let /let/ let /let/ let /let/
feed /fiːd/ fed /fed/ fed /fed/
lie /laɪ/ lay /leɪ/ lain /leɪn/
feel /fiːl/ felt /felt/ felt /felt/
light lit lighted lit lighted
fight /faɪt/ fought /fɔːt/ fought /fɔːt/ /laɪt/ /lɪt/ /laɪted/ /lɪt/ /laɪted/

find /faɪnd/ found /faʊnd/ found /faʊnd/ lose /luːz/ lost /lɒst/ lost /lɒst/

fly /flaɪ/ flew /fluː/ flown /fləʊn/ make /meɪk/ made /meɪd/ made /meɪd/

THAT’S ENGLISH! 147

List
List of
of Irregular
IrregularVerbs
Verbs
Infinitive Past simple Past participle Infinitive Past simple Past participle
mean /miːn/ meant /ment/ meant /ment/ sleep /sliːp/ slept /slept/ slept /slept/

meet /miːt/ met /met/ met /met/ smell smelled smelt smelled smelt
/smel/ /smeld/ /smelt/ /smeld/ /smelt/
overcome overcame overcome
/ˌəʊvə(r)ˈkʌm/ /ˌəʊvə(r)ˈkeɪm/ /ˌəʊvə(r)ˈkʌm/ speak /spiːk/ spoke /spəʊk/ spoken /spəʊkən/

pay /peɪ/ paid /peɪd/ paid /peɪd/ spend /spend/ spent /spent/ spent /spent/

prove proved proved proven spill spilled spilt spilled spilt

/pruːv/ /pruːvd/ /pruːvd/ /ˈpruːv(ə)n/ /spɪl/ /spɪld/ /spɪlt/ /spɪld/ /spɪlt/

put /pʊt/ put /pʊt/ put /pʊt/

spit /spɪt/ spat /spæt/ spat /spæt/
quit /kwɪt/ quit /kwɪt/ quit /kwɪt/
spoil spoiled spoilt spoiled spoilt
/spɔɪl/ /spɔɪld/ /spɔɪlt/ /spɔɪld/ /spɔɪlt/
read /riːd/ read /red/ read /red/
spread /spred/ spread /spred/ spread /spred/
ride /raɪd/ rode /rəʊd/ ridden /ˈrɪd(ə)n/

ring /rɪŋ/ rang /ræŋ/ rung /rʌŋ/ stand /stænd/ stood /stʊd/ stood /stʊd/

rise /raɪz/ rose /rəʊz/ risen /ˈrɪz(ə)n/ steal /stiːl/ stole /stəʊl/ stolen /ˈstəʊl(ə)n/

run /rʌn/ ran /ræn/ run /rʌn/ stick /stɪk/ stuck /stʌk/ stuck /stʌk/

say /seɪ/ said /sed/ said /sed/ stink /stɪŋk/ stank /stæŋk/ stunk /stʌŋk/

see /siː/ saw /sɔː/ seen /siːn/ strike struck struck stricken
/straɪk/ /strʌk/ /strʌk/ /ˈstrɪkən/
seek /siːk/ sought /sɔːt/ sought /sɔːt/
swear /sweə(r)/ swore /swɔː(r)/ sworn /swɔː(r)n/
sell /sel/ sold /səʊld/ sold /səʊld/
swing /swɪŋ/ swung /swʌŋ/ swung /swʌŋ/
send /send/ sent /sent/ sent /sent/
take /teɪk/ took /tʊk/ taken /ˈteɪkən/
set /set/ set /set/ set /set/
teach /tiːtʃ/ taught /tɔːt/ taught /tɔːt/
sew sewed sewed sewn
/səʊ/ /səʊd/ /səʊd/ /səʊn/ tear /teə(r)/ tore /tɔː(r)/ torn /tɔː(r)n/
shake /ʃeɪk/ shook /ʃʊk/ shaken /ˈʃeɪkən/
tell /tel/ told /təʊld/ told /təʊld/
shine shined shone shined shone
think /θɪŋk/ thought /θɔːt/ thought /θɔːt/
/ʃaɪn/ /ʃaɪnd/ /ʃɒn/ /ʃaɪnd/ /ʃɒn/

shoot /ʃuːt/ shot /ʃɒt/ shot /ʃɒt/ throw /θrəʊ/ threw /θruː/ thrown /θrəʊn/

show showed showed shown understand understood understood

/ʃəʊ/ /ʃəʊd/ /ʃəʊd/ /ʃəʊn/ /ˌʌndə(r)ˈstænd/ /ˌʌndə(r)ˈstʊd/ /ˌʌndə(r)ˈstʊd/

upset /ʌpˈset/ upset /ʌpˈset/ upset /ʌpˈset/

shrink /ʃrɪŋk/ shrank /ʃrænk/ shrunk /ʃrʌŋk/
wake /weɪk/ woke /wəʊk/ woken /ˈwəʊkən/
shut /ʃʌt/ shut /ʃʌt/ shut /ʃʌt/

sing /sɪŋ/ sang /sæŋ/ sung /sʌŋ/ wear /weə(r)/ wore /wɔː(r)/ worn /wɔː(r)n/

sink /sɪŋk/ sank /sæŋk/ sunk /sʌŋk/ win /wɪn/ won /wʌn/ won /wʌn/

sit /sɪt/ sat /sæt/ sat /sæt/ write /raɪt/ wrote /rəʊt/ written /ˈrɪt(ə)n/

148 THAT’S ENGLISH!


Audio Scripts
UNIT 1. MEMORY LANE
LANGUAGE STUDY (page 12)
Activities 2a and 2b
2 past experiences. But why don’t words alone
Barrister: So, Miss Green, please tell the court what
you remember about the incident on the
afternoon of 20 May.
Stella Green: Er, well, I heard shouting so I went into the
garden and I could see Mr White standing
in his garden and arguing with Mr Black.
The argument was about the apple tree
in Mr White’s garden. Mr Black objected
to it growing over his fence and he had
complained to Mr White about it many times.
Barrister: And what was Mr White’s response?
Stella Green: Well, he had offered to cut some branches
off but he refused to cut it down. Anyway,
suddenly Mr Black rushed into his house and
came back with an axe!
Barrister: And then what happened?
Stella Green: Mr Black started shouting and threatened to
cut the tree down and Mr White said he was
going to call the police. I begged them to stop
arguing but they wouldn’t listen. Mr Black
went into Mr White’s garden with the axe.
Barrister: I see. And then ...?
Stella Green: Mr Black warned Mr White to move away
from the tree, but he didn’t. He climbed up
to the top of it. Mr Black started cutting the
tree down. I was horrified! I accused him
of trying to injure Mr White, but he denied
doing anything wrong. He said the tree was
blocking the light into his house.
Barrister: So what happened in the end?
Stella Green: Mr Black continued to cut down the tree until
the police arrived. The officer advised him to
stop and to apologise for damaging the tree
but Mr Black insisted on continuing. A few
seconds later, the tree crashed down and Mr
White fell to the ground and broke his leg.
Barrister: Do you feel both of your neighbours were at
fault?
Stella Green: Actually, I blame Mr Black for being so
unreasonable. I had encouraged him to talk
it over with Mr White. I even invited him to
come to dinner with Mr White but I couldn’t
persuade him to come.
Barrister: Thank you, Miss Green. No further questions.
Activities 4a and 4b
3 insight. After the break, we’ll have the results
Manager: Have you sent the sales figures to Head Office?
Nick: I was going to but I forgot.
Manager: Do it now! Has David finished the report?
Nick: He was about to but he had to go home.
Manager: Have the secretaries organised the room for the
meeting?
Nick: They were going to but there’s a problem with
the lighting.
Manager: This is hopeless!
THAT’S ENGLISH!
Audio Scripts
SKILLS WORK (page 15)
Activities 2a and 2b
5
Presenter: And our next item concerns the power of
music to evoke memories. We’ve all been
there: suddenly, a song comes on the radio
and you’re transported back in time to relive
have the same effect? Rob Gowan, from the
Sound Institute, is here to tell us why. Rob,
welcome. So, tell us about your research.
Rob Gowan: Hi, well, we’ve known for some time that music
is a very powerful stimulant for memories and
we wanted to find out how music can be used
to help people with memory problems, like
the elderly.
Presenter: So why is it that music is more powerful than
just spoken words?
Rob Gowan: Well, in the past, before writing was invented,
people relied on learning poems and stories
by heart but these poems were always set to
music. Anyway, we researched what happens
in the brain when people tried to recall a poem
or story.
Presenter: I expect most people didn’t find it easy.
Rob Gowan: That’s absolutely right, but interestingly, we
found that when words are set to music they
were recalled much more easily. It seems
rhythm and rhyme help us remember better.
Presenter: That’s fascinating, but why does music evoke
such strong emotions?
Rob Gowan: Well, it’s partly because music seems to be
connected more to the subconscious mind,
and hearing it brings back powerful feelings
and emotions. The conscious mind tends to
remember more factual information.
Presenter: And are there any other factors?
Rob Gowan: We also found that musical memories are
usually ones we shared with a group of
friends − parties, concerts or just hanging out
together. This makes musical memories more
significant.
Presenter: Isn’t the sense of smell also a very powerful
stimulant?
Rob Gowan: Yes, that’s true but we found smells recall
individual memories, not shared memories.
Presenter: So, how do you hope this research will help
people?
Rob Gowan: Music can help people with depression to
revisit happier times and change their mood.
Singing regularly can stop people with
dementia from getting worse. There are a lot
of exciting uses.
Presenter: Well, thank you Rob for that fascinating
of a survey …
SPEAKING (page 16)
Activity 1a
6
Adam: Hey, do you want to have a look at these old pictures
of our trip to Greece? Here we all are in that beach
bar run by that lovely guy, what was his name? It’s
on the tip of my tongue.
149
Audio Scripts
Thea: Yannis, wasn’t it? It doesn’t feel that long ago. It
brings back so many memories. Didn’t we have a lot
of trouble getting back due to an air strike?
Adam: Yes, we did. Held up for about 12 hours. It all went
pear-shaped.
Thea: Did I ever tell you about the time I went to Eastern
Europe? That really was a nightmare!
Adam: Go on.
Thea: Well, you won’t believe what happened to me. It was
in my final year at university. To begin with, we were
planning to do a train trip around Eastern Europe:
Poland, Czech Republic and so on. My friend Lucy
was the main organiser but looking back, that wasn’t
the best choice! The thing is she’s not really one for
details, or admin, or geography, really. Anyway, the
plan was to all leave together after exams finished,
but then I realised I had a final interview on my
project about a week after we planned to leave.
Activity 2
7 in my final year at university. To begin with, we were
Thea: I was really upset but Lucy had a bright idea. I was
going to fly out and join them, and only miss the
first week. Fantastic. Now you’ve got to remember at
that time, about twelve years ago, mobile networks
weren’t as good as they are now and especially not
in Eastern Europe. My parents warned me to expect
communicating might be difficult but I refused to
listen. I was sure it would be fine. My friends all
encouraged me to book the flight so I got the details
from Lucy and arranged it. Job done. So, once the
interview was over, I set off very excited and took
the flight to Budapest. I couldn’t wait to meet up with
everyone and have fun. It all went very smoothly and
the flight arrived at the airport on time. Lucy and the
gang were going to come and meet me, and then we
were going camping.
I came out of the arrivals gate but they weren’t
there. At first, I wasn’t bothered but as time went on,
I started to get worried. Obviously, I tried phoning
Lucy but the reception seemed to be very bad and
I couldn’t get through. I’d been waiting about three
hours by then. In the end, I decided to go outside
the building and walk up the road in case reception
was better out there. Amazingly, my phone started
ringing. It was Lucy! ‘Where on earth are you?’ she
said. I said I was at the airport, of course, and I had
been in arrivals for hours. She insisted she was in
arrivals and I hadn’t appeared. She’d been waiting
for hours. I went back inside and asked her to
describe what she could see and, she talked about
the car hire places and cafés, and then I asked her
to describe exactly where she was standing. She
said she was standing under a big sign that said
‘Welcome to Bucharest’ but I was in Budapest, not
Bucharest! I was in completely the wrong country!
I was in Hungary and she was in Romania! I can
picture it so clearly, standing there with my mouth
open! Well, once I had recovered from the shock I
started laughing. I mean, I should have (should’ve)
double-checked all the details rather than rely on
Lucy’s vague ideas of spelling!
Adam: So what happened?
Thea: Well, I decided to wait for them in Hungary as they
were coming in a few days’ time. Luckily, I found a
150
hostel and got to know a few other students and had
a nice time swimming and sunbathing with them.
Actually, I had a really good time. All’s well that end’s
well − as they say!
Activity 3a
8
Adam: Hey, do you want to have a look at these old pictures
of our trip to Greece? Here we all are in that beach
bar run by that lovely guy, what was his name? It’s
on the tip of my tongue.
Thea: Yannis, wasn’t it? It doesn’t feel that long ago. It
brings back so many memories. Didn’t we have a lot
of trouble getting back due to an air strike?
Adam: Yes, we did. Held up for about 12 hours. It all went
pear-shaped.
Thea: Did I ever tell you about the time I went to Eastern
Europe? That really was a nightmare!
Adam: Go on.
Thea: Well, you won’t believe what happened to me. It was
planning to do a train trip around Eastern Europe:
Poland, Czech Republic and so on. My friend Lucy
was the main organiser but looking back, that wasn’t
the best choice! The thing is she’s not really one for
details, or admin, or geography, really. Anyway, the
plan was to all leave together after exams finished,
but then I realised I had a final interview on my
project about a week after we planned to leave. I
was really upset but Lucy had a bright idea. I was
going to fly out and join them, and only miss the
first week. Fantastic. Now you’ve got to remember at
that time, about twelve years ago, mobile networks
weren’t as good as they are now and especially not
in Eastern Europe. My parents warned me to expect
communicating might be difficult but I refused to
listen. I was sure it would be fine. My friends all
encouraged me to book the flight so I got the details
from Lucy and arranged it. Job done. So, once the
interview was over, I set off very excited and took
the flight to Budapest. I couldn’t wait to meet up with
everyone and have fun. It all went very smoothly and
the flight arrived at the airport on time. Lucy and the
gang were going to come and meet me, and then we
were going camping.
I came out of the arrivals gate but they weren’t
there. At first, I wasn’t bothered but as time went on,
I started to get worried. Obviously, I tried phoning
Lucy but the reception seemed to be very bad and
I couldn’t get through. I’d been waiting about three
hours by then. In the end, I decided to go outside
the building and walk up the road in case reception
was better out there. Amazingly, my phone started
ringing. It was Lucy! ‘Where on earth are you?’ she
said. I said I was at the airport, of course, and I had
been in arrivals for hours. She insisted she was in
arrivals and I hadn’t appeared. She’d been waiting
for hours. I went back inside and asked her to
describe what she could see and, she talked about
the car hire places and cafés, and then I asked her
to describe exactly where she was standing. She
said she was standing under a big sign that said
‘Welcome to Bucharest’ but I was in Budapest, not
Bucharest! I was in completely the wrong country!
I was in Hungary and she was in Romania! I can
THAT’S ENGLISH!
 picture it so clearly, standing there with my mouth
open! Well, once I had recovered from the shock I
started laughing. I mean, I should have (should’ve)
double-checked all the details rather than rely on
Lucy’s vague ideas of spelling!
Adam: So what happened?
Thea: Well, I decided to wait for them in Hungary as they
were coming in a few days’ time. Luckily, I found a
hostel and got to know a few other students and had
a nice time swimming and sunbathing with them.
Actually, I had a really good time. All’s well that end’s
well − as they say!
SELF TEST (page 112)
Activity 6
11
Jess: I drove past our old school yesterday. It seemed so
small. I always thought it was huge! Do you remember
your first day at school, Eddie?
Ed: Er, no, can’t say I do really. I never liked school anyway,
Jess.
Jess: Oh come on, you must remember something, like
how you felt.
Ed: Not really. I’ve got a poor memory.
Jess: Er, no, I don’t think so! You seem to have a lot of fond
memories of football games your team won!
Ed: Well, that’s totally different of course.
Jess: Really? OK, let me jog your memory. Who was your
best friend at school when you were five?
Ed: No idea, my mind’s gone blank.
Jess: Was it Alex? Or was it Darren? You’ve known them for
years.
Ed: No, not them, but it’s on the tip of my tongue ...
something beginning with S ... I know! Stefan! That’s
it. I’d completely forgotten about him.
Jess: Can you recall anything else about him?
Ed: Yes, it’s all flooding back … sitting under the table,
eating oranges when we should have been playing
outside ... then we got into big trouble with the
teacher. That’s probably why I couldn’t remember
much. I was always in trouble with the teacher!
Jess: There you are, you see! You haven’t got a memory
like a sieve after all!
UNIT 2. LIFE-CHANGING EXPERIENCES
READING (page 20)
Activity 3b
13
Kat: I began to see beautiful shapes and colours, it was
just magical, but then I started to remember things
from when I was a child − things I’d completely
forgotten about − and I also relived some of the worst
things I’ve ever said or done to people. It’s difficult to
explain. It’s as if there was someone making me admit
my mistakes. I felt dreadful and was really sobbing. It
was really quite harrowing.
Polly: It sounds absolutely awful!
Kat: Yes, it was in a way. But the last part was incredibly
beautiful. The same ‘voice’ that had been making me
admit to the worst things about myself also made
me see the good things about me. I found the whole
THAT’S ENGLISH!
experience very calming and happy. It’s difficult
to explain but I left feeling very optimistic and also
determined to be a better person.
Polly: Wow! So would you recommend the ayahuasca
ceremony to others?
Kat: I don’t know. I still haven’t got over my own
experience! It’s very intense and unsettling. But I’m
definitely glad I did it.
SKILLS WORK (page 25)
Activities 4a and 4b
16
Interviewer: So, on 11 May 1996 eight people died during an
expedition to climb Mount Everest. This was the
highest number of deaths ever on the mountain
in one single day. What exactly happened?
Man: Well, one of the main causes was that two
trekking companies were in competition to get
their clients to the summit and to provide the
best ‘client experience’ and so they took risks
and made some bad decisions.
Interviewer: Can you tell us a bit about the two companies?
Man: Adventure Consultants was run by Rob Hall,
an extremely experienced mountaineer and a
really popular guide, and one of the main guides
for the other company, Mountain Madness,
was a Russian called Anatoli Boukreev. But
some clients didn’t like Boukreev because
he didn’t offer the customer service that they
expected − like helping people to put up their
tents. Boukreev thought people should do that
themselves and also his English wasn’t very
good either, which made communication a
bit difficult sometimes. One of the Adventure
Consultants clients on that tragic expedition
was Jon Krakauer, a journalist, who later wrote
a book about the tragedy. In his book, Krakauer
praised Rob Hall from Adventure Consultants
for being kind and caring, and for taking the
time to build relationships with his clients and
share his expertise, but Krakauer criticised
Anatoli Boukreev for being lazy, not interested
in talking to clients, and of abandoning the
group when they were in danger.
Interviewer: Really? That sounds terrible. What happened?
Man: Well, if you don’t reach the top of Everest by
2:00 p.m., it’s not safe to continue. However,
both trekking companies decided to continue
after this time. That was a dangerous decision
because of the second main cause of the
tragedy, a violent snowstorm which started a
few hours later. Anatoli Boukreev was one of
the first to reach the summit, but then decided
to return to the base camp alone and leave the
rest of his group.
Interviewer: Why on earth did he do that?
Man: Well, Boukreev was extremely experienced and
knew the conditions were highly dangerous.
He wanted to return to base camp so he could
rehydrate, rest, and then return with supplies
and oxygen to help the others; and he knew he
could do this much faster if he was alone since
he was an exceptionally fit, incredibly fast,
tough, athletic climber. In the end, Broukeev
151
Audio Scripts
went back up the mountain not just once but
several times trying to help everyone else.
Eventually, Boukreev managed to save all
of the Mountain Madness clients, but nearly
everyone else died that day.
Interviewer: That’s terrible, but it sounds like Boukreev was
a hero that day.
Man: Yes, but in his book, Jon Krakauer says that
Broukeev should never have left the group
during the storm − if he’d stayed to help, more
people would have survived.
SELF TEST (page 113)
Activity 1
17
Speaker 1
It’s not something I have experienced myself of course, but
I was there with my wife both times, and I have to say in
general I found it a harrowing experience. It’s really hard to
see someone you love in pain, but you can’t do anything to
help. It’s frustrating. The second time in particular was awful,
and I hated seeing my wife suffering so much, but at the same
time it was deeply rewarding for me as a parent. It’s not every
day you see the beginning of a new life − it was just magical!
Speaker 2
It was definitely the most exhilarating and adrenaline-raising
experience of my life. As I was standing by the door waiting
for my turn to jump, my heart was beating so hard I
wondered if I might literally have a heart attack! The most
hair-raising moment is when you’re falling through space
and the parachute hasn’t opened yet, but then suddenly,
you stop and you’re just floating, floating. You notice how
quiet it is without the noise of the plane engines, and the
earth is spread out below you, so beautiful, quite mystical,
you almost feel you are a part of nature. It was actually a
very spiritual moment.
UNIT 3. LAW AND ORDER
READING (pages 30-31)
Activities 5a and 5b
19
Well, at one time it was terrible round here with all the drug
dealing that went on. Dealers would drive slowly around
waiting for customers and everyone was very worried that
the teenagers would get involved. Then, because there were
so many addicts, there were a lot of break-ins to houses to
steal TVs and so on to sell. Yes, burglary was a big problem.
I was broken into at least three times. But now, there’s
nothing like that. It’s really safe.
Nowadays, I’m more concerned about all these people
trying to steal my money in other ways, through scams in
the post or online. My father is old now and he gets letters
every week telling him he’s won a big prize. All he has to do
is send some money! Of course it’s all a big trick. And I’m
fed up with all these phishing emails pretending to be from
the bank asking me to transfer money.
Actually, I’m most concerned about my children and the
harassment they get from other kids at times, saying
horrible things to them or following them home. The worst
thing is they aren’t safe from it at home because of the
Internet. I have to supervise them closely on the computer
and phones in case they’re getting cyber bullying. It’s so
hard to control.
152
LANGUAGE STUDY (page 32)
Activities 3a and 3b
20
Lecturer: So today we’re continuing to examine the
nature of crime and punishment and of
course there are a large range of crimes,
including some new ones connected with
the Internet. We can divide them up into
various categories: petty crime and more
serious crimes. Can anyone give me an
example of petty crime?
Male student: I suppose petty theft is like shoplifting, kids
stealing a few sweets.
Female student: What about photocopying an author’s
work or downloading music without paying
for it?
Lecturer: Yes, copyright infringement is a growing
problem and writers and musicians are
trying to fight it. So with petty crime the
money value of what is taken is small. No
one has been hurt physically or assaulted.
Does that mean that harassment is a petty
crime?
Female student: Well, no … because I mean, people can get
very upset and ill if someone is following
them, or calling them, or saying negative
stuff about them.
Male student: Yes, it is extremely harmful and now
there’s a lot of it online with cyber bullying.
That’s even worse because the bullies can
stay anonymous and still threaten to hurt
the victims.
Lecturer: Exactly! And sadly that kind of intimidation
has even led to some suicides. So any
kind of intimidation is more serious due
to the mental effects on the victims. Can
you name a new crime that concerns
intimidation or assault in the home?
Female student: Do you mean domestic abuse?
Lecturer: Yes, as until a few years ago husbands and
wives or partners assaulting each other
wasn’t considered a crime! Thankfully,
things have changed. Let’s look at very
serious crimes where someone loses their
life. Of course, we all know what murder
is, but in law the motive is important, so if
someone kills the president or a leader for
political reasons, is that just murder?
Male student: I suppose you’d call it assassination.
Lecturer: Exactly. What if I kill someone by accident?
Female student: Is that manslaughter?
Lecturer: Yes, manslaughter generally receives a
lesser punishment than murder, so motive
or reason is always taken into account ...
SKILLS WORK (page 35)
Activities 5a and 5b
23
Speaker 1
Umm, in my country I think we have a good attitude to
owning guns. It’s possible in Brazil but it’s not easy. For
example, if you are over 25, you can get a licence to own a
THAT’S ENGLISH!
gun. But that is the first thing. Then, you must get a licence
to actually carry it and that is much more difficult. You have
to see a psychologist and get a certificate so it takes a lot
of effort. Also, we have banned toy guns that look like real
guns so people can’t use them in bank robberies and things
like that.
Speaker 2
You know, we have a very old tradition of hunting in Italy
and many people still take part in it. So for that reason,
people are allowed to have an unlimited number of hunting
guns as long as they get a licence. And then, I think that
means you can have many other types of guns as well. For
example, my father has five or six antique guns which were
made over 100 years ago. I think you can have maybe eight.
So I think there must be a lot of guns around really.
Speaker 3
Well, it might surprise you to know that in Switzerland we
have a law that obliges people to possess guns! Actually, all
men over 18 who have done military service must keep two
guns issued by the government in their homes and you can
carry those guns in public places. For other weapons you
need a permit but it’s fairly straightforward to get unless you
are crazy! Some other types of gun don’t need a licence at
all. But you know, we don’t have a high rate of gun crime
here, we are a really safe country.
Speaker 4
Oh, pretty strong really. In fact, I think we are one of the
strictest countries in the world. There was a terrible attack
on a school in 1996 in Scotland, and after that the laws were
tightened up a lot. Automatic weapons like machine guns
were banned, and you have to undergo a lot of checks to
get a gun licence: the police visit your home and they check
with your doctor. There’s a lot of paperwork. Basically, the
authorities wanted to discourage gun violence and they
succeeded. You know, the police don’t even carry guns
except in special circumstances. I think it’s working well.
SPEAKING (pages 36-37)
Activities 2a and 2b
24
Wendy: Have you read this in the paper? It says here a
drunk driver who drove into a woman and her child
has walked free from court! He was just fined £200!
Mike: Really? I think that’s ridiculous.
Wendy: I agree with you there. It’s absolutely terrible.
Mike: Why was the sentence so lenient?
Wendy: The judge said that the driver was of good character
and sending him to prison would ruin his life! Huh!
I totally disagree with him on that!
Mike: Yes, well, I agree that there’s no point in making
him into a criminal. I disagree with criminalising
people with no previous record.
Wendy: I’m sorry, I‘ll have to disagree on that issue! He
could have killed two people! He should get a life
sentence.
Mike: Yes, of course I agree that he deserves a serious
punishment but it doesn’t have to be a life sentence.
He could have got a suspended sentence.
Wendy: Sorry, I can’t believe you think that, Mike. What he
did was shocking!
Mike: Yes, I totally agree on that. Look, Wendy, I don’t want
us to argue even if we disagree about the other
THAT’S ENGLISH!
stuff, OK? The courts make some bad decisions at
times.
Wendy: Yes, they do. At least we’ve agreed on something!
Activities 4a and 4b
25
Wendy: OK, then, going back to what we were discussing
before; generally, I think crimes where people are
hurt are more serious than crimes that just involve
losing money or property.
Mike: So do I.
Wendy: I don’t think there is much point in locking up people
for offences like computer hacking or fraud.
Mike: Neither do I.
Wendy: I mean, I don’t think it’s a good use of public money
to spend £40,000 a year on jailing someone who
isn’t dangerous.
Mike: Me neither. It’d be better to give them community
service or re-educate them to respect people‘s
privacy.
Wendy: I couldn’t agree more. Throwing people into prison
often ends up making them into worse criminals.
Mike: I’m with you on that.
Activities 5a and 5b
26
Wendy: Right. What’s your reaction to that case in the news
about the teacher who had a relationship with one
of his students?
Mike: Oh, the one where he got a suspended sentence?
Yes, I thought that was reasonable in the
circumstances.
Wendy: You must be joking! He was 40 and she was only
16 years old. He was the adult and he was totally to
blame.
Mike: I agree with you up to a point but the girl was
harassing him for months. She was obsessed with
him.
Wendy: I don’t really see it like that myself. She didn’t know
what she was doing.
Mike: That’s absolute rubbish! She wasn’t shy. She was
known to be very manipulative.
Wendy: Well, that’s one way of looking at things, but he
should have known better at his age.
Mike: I know what you mean but he was under a lot of
stress.
Wendy: Nonsense!
Mike: It’s true, I’m telling you! His wife was ill and he had
money problems as well.
Wendy: I can’t go along with you there. That’s no excuse.
Mike: So should he go to prison?
Wendy: Definitely, as an example to others.
Mike: Well, we’ll have to agree to disagree on that!
Activity 6b
27
1 Cyberbully Mia Jarvis was sentenced to 200 hours of
community service today by Judge Perkins at Westchester
Crown Court.
2 Michaela Durrant’s luxurious wedding has turned out to
be even more expensive for her as today she received a
suspended two-year sentence and a £5,000 fine.
153
Audio Scripts
3 The controversial case of Tony Fellowes ended today
when Fellowes was found guilty of manslaughter by
Judge Mellor and sentenced to six years in prison.
SELF TEST (page 114)
Activity 5
28
Denise: I saw on the news that there is massive overcrowding
in prisons so the government wants to reduce the
number of people sent to jail and use other forms
of sentencing like community service.
Bob: I agree with that. It saves money and it does
something useful for society − what’s not to like?
Denise: I know what you mean but it could be seen as a
soft option. Some offenders could think they had a
good deal.
Bob: I agree with you up to a point but on the other hand,
sending younger offenders to prison just increases
the risk of them mixing with hardened criminals. It’s
better to rehabilitate them surely.
Denise: I couldn’t agree more. I mean, I saw a programme
last week about prisons in America. They often give
sentences of 100 years over there for robbery or
fraud! I think it’s absolutely pointless and a waste
of money.
Bob: Me too. It’s totally ridiculous. And they still have the
death penalty in some states. That’s never justified.
Denise: Hang on, I can’t go along with you there. Some
crimes are truly awful − like mass shootings or
serial killers. Society can’t allow those criminals to
live.
Bob: Nonsense! They’ll suffer more for their crimes by
staying in jail all their lives because in the USA life
means life!
Denise: Well, that’s one way of looking at things. I’m not so
sure ...
UNIT 4. REGRETS … I HAVE A FEW
READING (page 40)
Activity 1b
29
The ancient Egyptians embalmed or mummified the dead to
preserve their bodies. They also prepared food and objects
for them to take into their next life.
Tibetan Buddhists believe that a person’s soul leaves their
body when they die and the body becomes an empty vessel.
They don’t bury bodies but cut them into pieces and put
them in a special place on a mountain where they are eaten
by vultures. Any remains are quickly broken down by the
wind and the weather.
The Madagascan ritual called famadihana or ‘the turning of
the bones’ is a celebration during which families take the
bones (which are wrapped in cloth) of dead family members
out of the family crypt, spray them with wine or perfume
and dance with them.
LANGUAGE STUDY (page 43)
Activities 6a and 6b
33
Extract 1
Woman: I regret to inform you that we no longer require
your services.
154
Man: You mean I’ve lost my job.
Woman: I’m afraid so.
Extract 2
Man: I am sorry to have to tell you that your application
has been unsuccessful this time. It was an
exceptional year and we had lots of very strong
applicants, so we were unable to offer everyone a
place.
Girl: So I haven’t got a place on the course?
Man: I’m afraid not, but you can apply again next year.
Extract 3
Man: Unfortunately, we have to let you know your
rental contracts will not be renewed next year. I’m
afraid all the residents of the apartments here will
have to find alternative accommodation.
Woman: But they can’t do that! And we’ve just repainted
the whole kitchen. And we’ll never find another
place to live in this area.
Man: Sorry about that, but there’s nothing we can do.
The owners of the building have decided to sell
to developers.
Extract 4
Woman: It is with regret that we have to inform our
customers that the store will be closing. After 50
years in business, our store will be closing on 31
December this year.
SKILLS WORK (page 45)
Activities 2a and 2b
34
Speaker 1
I’ve had a bit of a wild life. Sex, drugs and rock & roll is
how I have lived, and I’ve done a lot of stupid and selfish
things so, of course, I have regrets, lots of them: two failed
marriages, not spending more time with my kids when they
were young, losing contact with some great people in my
life and so on. And, yeah, my health would be a lot better
now without all the drink and drugs and general excess,
but I’ve had some amazing times and I don’t regret living
life to the full. I just wish I had appreciated it more when
it was actually happening! Of course it didn’t help that I
spent long periods off my head on various substances. I’ve
come through all that now − thank God − and I’ve come to
understand that happiness only comes from living in the
moment and remembering to be grateful for what you
have − especially your relationships − while you have it. I
think my biggest regret is not having learned this important
lesson earlier in life.
Speaker 2
I regret my decision to buy an apartment, and an expensive
one, at least by my standards. My reasons for doing it at the
time were that it was a responsible thing to do, that I was
investing in my future, etc. But afterwards I realised that I
had let myself be influenced by other people, and I should
have paid more attention to my own instincts and feelings. I
don’t actually care about owning an apartment. I don’t need
one, and it doesn’t make me happy. Now I’ve got a huge
debt − making the mortgage payments every month takes
up most of my income. Although the house has increased in
value since I bought it, it isn’t by that much. If only I hadn’t
made this bad decision, I could have left town at the first
sign of the economic downturn and spent a year travelling
the world instead.
THAT’S ENGLISH!
Speaker 3
When I was first married, my husband and I were driving
back from visiting friends and we stopped at one of those
all-night supermarket places. He ran in to get some milk
or something like that and I stayed in the car. It was a cold
evening and it was starting to rain. I noticed a girl of about
15 or 16 years old trying to take shelter in the shop doorway.
She wasn’t wearing a coat, just jeans and a thin t-shirt. I
couldn’t see clearly through the wet car window but it looked
as though there were bruises on her face. As I watched, she
started to cry. I really wanted to get out and help her, but I
was paralysed by a terrible fear of the unknown, of simply
not knowing what to do. So somehow I just stayed inside
my warm dry car unable to make the decision to act. When
my husband came back, I couldn’t even articulate to him
the moral impasse I was in. He started the car and we went
home. The image of that poor young girl has haunted me for
the last 40 years. There have been many evenings when I’ve
gone to bed wondering what had happened to her life and
what had become of her. I deeply regret not going out into
the rain that evening, and many, many times I have asked
myself what stopped me from getting out of the car.
REVISION 1
SKILLS WORK (page 50)
Activities 3a and 3b
38
Speaker 1
You wouldn’t believe it but I was once a driven professional.
I’d been working for over ten years as a stockbroker in
the city. You know, late nights, stressful days and a pretty
unhealthy lifestyle. It wasn’t till both my parents passed
away and I realised that I’d never made enough time to be
with them that I knew things had to change. The only thing
that had helped me get through that difficult time was
tai-chi, so I made the decision to go to China for six months.
It wasn’t that simple, though. I needed funds, so I sold my
car, a lot of other possessions and rented out my flat. It was
the most amazing experience. I initially travelled round the
country, sightseeing and looking up retreat centres where
I could keep up my tai-chi, but then I found unpaid work
in an orphanage near Beijing. The fulfilment I felt dealing
with bereaved children who needed special love gave me
a new purpose to life. I have since sold my property and
now spend my time travelling between the UK and China
working on fundraising. I’ve never been happier.
Speaker 2
I joined the army straight after leaving school and actually
loved being a soldier. My mates were a great bunch of
people and we had fun. The first few years I took part in a lot
of overseas missions, but they were mostly peace-keeping
and supporting disaster relief work. So when I went to a real
battlefield, I had a shock. We were trained for combat and
tough conditions, but not for the psychological demands
of fighting a war − particularly in this case when the cause
seemed so futile. I was never political before this time, I
just used to follow orders and carry out my duties, but after
being in a country where we didn’t seem to be helping at
all, I couldn’t stand it anymore. The cost in lives and coffins
was huge and it all seemed to be a coverup for politicians at
home to make a name for themselves. I’ve lost my faith in
the system and certainly don’t feel as enthusiastic about my
career as I did when I was younger.
THAT’S ENGLISH!
Speaker 3
I can’t say that the experience itself was pleasant, but I
deserved it and it certainly changed my life in a surprising way.
I had stupidly never expected to get caught and thought that
easy money was the solution to a happy life. When the judge
sentenced me to 20 years for drug dealing I was shocked, but
the reality of the punishment set in when I arrived at the jail.
The best years of my life stuck in a building with murderers,
rapists and other violent criminals. I soon decided that I would
work hard so as never to go back again. I was lucky that I got a
job in the prison library so I had time to read and study. In the
end, I obtained a college degree and, having been released
at the age of 37 for good behaviour, I’m now working as a
psychologist to help rehabilitate offenders. If I’d continued my
life of crime, I’d probably be in the grave by now.
Speaker 4
I suppose I was very vulnerable at the time. I hadn’t been a
good student, so my future was pretty unexciting. You know,
spending my life at a checkout desk in the local supermarket
or carrying bricks for the local builder. I’d also split up with
my girlfriend, so I felt that life didn’t have much purpose. So,
when I met Binu, I was an easy victim. He soon persuaded
me that living a spiritual life in harmony with others in a
supportive community would be perfect, but it wasn’t till I’d
been living at the commune for a few months that I realised
it was basically a prison. We’d all given up our jobs, families
and money to be there and there was huge pressure on us
to give up anything we had previously felt attached to. In
my case, it was music. They told me that it was for my own
good, but when one of the girls there committed suicide,
I knew I had to get out. I left secretly in the middle of the
night, but I’ve never been able to lead a normal life again.
I worry that they’ll come and find me and have nightmares
about being taken back to that hell.
Speaker 5
I’d always been scared of everything. I was agoraphobic, so
I hated going out of the house. I couldn’t stand travelling by
public transport, and rarely went anywhere. I lived with my
mum and had a quiet life. But, one day, I think my mother
had had enough! She came up to my room one morning and
put a thick envelope on my desk. It contained tickets and all
the documents I needed to go on a cruise holiday. At first, I
was shocked, but eventually to please my mother, I agreed
to go. So in September, I found myself standing on the deck
of a ship leaving Portsmouth Harbour. It wasn’t till a week
later when we were in the North Sea in stormy weather that
I began to regret leaving the comfort of my home. We were
actually quite near the Scottish coast when the ship hit a rock
and began to sink. Water was rushing into the corridors so I
quickly put on my lifejacket and went outside. Many people
were panicking as they tried to get in the lifeboats, but I felt
strangely calm and helped a family with small children and
an elderly man who had fallen and cut his head. When we
finally reached dry land, I realised I’d found an inner strength
that changed me forever. I could and I would go on to do
great things. Not surprisingly, I’ve been travelling ever since!
UNIT 5. AGE IS NOTHING BUT A NUMBER
READING (page 55)
Activities 4a and 4b
41
Helen: So, how did you get on at the school reunion, Di?
Such a shame I couldn’t make it. I’m dying to hear all
about it.
155
Audio Scripts
Di: Well, it was really good, actually. I felt quite emotional
and I hadn’t expected to. And several of the former
staff were there. Do you remember Mr Robins, our
chemistry teacher?
Helen: Of course, but surely he must be a ripe old age now.
I mean, he was quite ancient when we were there.
Di: Well, that’s the funny thing! He’s only just retired. So
when we were there, he wasn’t old; he was just the
wrong side of forty!
Helen: I suppose when we were in the bloom of youth,
twenty years ago, anyone over forty seemed ancient.
Di: Yes, that must be it. And now we’re thirty-somethings
− we’re in the prime of life.
Helen: Absolutely, at our mental and physical best!
Di: Do you remember Miss Jenkins from the infant
department?
Helen: No, I started school much later than you, when I was
about eight.
Di: Yes, that’s right, I was knee-high to a grasshopper
when I started there in the nursery section, only three.
Helen: And what about Mrs Munroe? I used to be terrified of
her in Maths. She really must be quite old. Was she
there?
Di: Sadly, someone told me she’s not at all good, she’s
gone gaga, doesn’t even recognise her own children
now.
Helen: That is awful. Such is life. But I’m glad you had a
good time. It sounds like there was a good turn-out.
LANGUAGE STUDY (pages 56-57)
Activity 1a
42
Hello and welcome to Friday People. Today on the show
we’re finding out your views on your age. We want to know
what’s the best and worst thing about being the age you are.
So, our first caller is Greg. Hi there, Greg …
Activity 1b
43
Presenter: So, our first caller is Greg. Hi there, Greg. So tell
us first how old you are.
Greg: Hi, yeah, well I’m 14.
Presenter: And how’s that, being 14?
Greg: Errm, the best thing is I don’t have to work – in
a job I mean. And I don’t need to worry about
paying the bills, you know, all that boring stuff
like electricity and gas.
Presenter: Right, so what’s the worst thing about being a
teenager?
Greg: Of course, I have to do homework and stuff.
Loads and loads of it.
Presenter: Why is there so much?
Greg: Well, I didn’t do well in some tests and the
teachers said I needed to do some extra study.
Presenter: I suppose you’ve got some big exams coming up.
Greg: Yeah, but when I was in primary school we had
to do some homework, but we didn’t have to
do as much as now. There isn’t enough time to
hang out with my mates and do what I want, like
developing computing skills. I need to practise
writing code.
Presenter: So, what age are you looking forward to being?
156
Greg: I think being 22 will be cool because (‘cos) by
then I’ll have finished university. I won’t have to
do boring homework on subjects I don’t like. Of
course, I’ll have to get a job but I can choose what
to apply for. So I’ll need to get a good degree in
computing.
Presenter: OK, so maybe that homework will be useful to
you after all. Thank you, Greg. And next we have
Sadie on the line …
Activities 3a and 3b
44
Presenter: And next we have Sadie on the line. Good
morning Sadie! Go ahead.
Sadie: Hi. Well, I’m on the wrong side of 40 but actually
it’s not a negative thing. I’m really enjoying this
stage of my life.
Presenter: Great. Why’s that?
Sadie: I think it’s because I’m much more relaxed about
who I am. When I was younger I was quite
insecure, you know, I always worried about what
people thought about me. After many years, I
realised I didn’t need to worry anymore so I just
let go of all that tension. I had lots of good friends
and a great family who seemed to like me, so
what did other people’s opinion matter?
Presenter: So any regrets then?
Sadie: Yeah, I needn’t have wasted all that time and
energy when I could have been enjoying life.
Still, I’ve learnt my lesson.
Presenter: Are there any disadvantages to being your
current age?
Sadie: Well, only that I have to get up early every day.
I’m not a morning person. When I retire, I won’t
have to get up early. That’ll be marvellous!
Presenter: Too right! Thank you, Sadie.
Activities 8a and 8b
45
Mark: Hi there. Anybody home? Sally?
Sally: Oh there you are, Mark. Where on earth have you
been? There’s so much to do for the party, I don’t
know where to start.
Mark: Well, I’m here now. What needs doing?
Sally: Well, first, all the downstairs needs hoovering and
then the cake needs to be picked up from the bakery.
Mark: Right, I’ll do all that.
Sally: And then, there’s all the other food to prepare and the
grass needs to be cut. We’ll never be ready in time.
Mark: This is meant to be fun, remember?
Sally: Well, I don’t even know if Dad wants a sixtieth
birthday party really, perhaps it’s too stressful.
Mark: Rubbish! 60 is the new 40 you know. He’ll love it.
Sally: I’m beginning to wish I hadn’t started all this.
Mark: There’s no need to panic! Honestly, we’ve got plenty
of time. I’ll make a start on that gardening ...
SKILLS WORK (page 59)
Activity 3b
47
Speaker 1
In Japan, we have a coming-of-age ceremony called
Seijin-Shiki, which happens on the second Monday in
THAT’S ENGLISH!
January every year. Anybody who turned 20 in the previous
year can attend the ceremony which officially celebrates
becoming an adult. We get the right to vote, gamble and drive
at this age. Women spend many hours preparing themselves
with elaborate hair and make-up and we wear a furisode,
a traditional long-sleeved kimono. This costume is always
gorgeous, in beautiful bright colours, and it is extremely
expensive to buy so we usually hire it. Men also attend the
ceremony but they don’t need to wear traditional dress.
At about 11:30 in the morning, we go to the local government
office in our area and the mayor gives a presentation
congratulating us on becoming adults and reminding us we
can now vote. There are always many photographers there
and it’s a national holiday. So afterwards, people meet up
with their friends and family and maybe go to a theme park
or have a party in a restaurant. It’s a very special day.
Speaker 2
Where I come from in Pennsylvania, in the US, we have
the Amish community. They were originally settlers from
Switzerland and Germany in about 1720 and they have kept
to their original way of life. They don’t have electricity or use
any modern mechanised vehicles so you see them driving
around with their horses and carts. They even still wear 18th
century style clothing! I find it really fascinating that they
have a coming-of-age tradition called Rumspringa. When
the youngsters reach 16, they can go away for weekends
unsupervised and taste modern American culture: drink,
smoke, and gamble. Whatever they want. It’s so that they
can decide whether they want to stick to the traditional way
of life or not.They have to decide by the age of 26 whether to
return forever. I think it’s really tolerant for such a traditional
community.
Speaker 3
One of my favourite celebrations is the Quinceañera because
it’s a special ceremony to honour girls. In the past, reaching
fifteen in Mexico signalled reaching adulthood, ready to take
on marriage and adult responsibilities, but of course, that’s
no longer true today. It’s still a very important moment in a
girl’s life and it also honours her parents and godparents.
So, the ceremony begins with the young girl on her fifteenth
birthday attending mass to give thanks for her childhood. She
usually wears a glamorous pink or white formal dress and
she has male and female friends, damas and chambelanes,
seated round her. After the service, small gifts are distributed
to everyone and then everyone goes off to the party.The party
starts with the young girl dancing with her father and then
there are speeches from her family giving her advice for the
future. There is usually a formal dinner and the centrepiece
is the cake − it’s usually absolutely enormous and beautifully
decorated. It’s really quite something.
SPEAKING (page 60)
Activities 2a and 2b
48
Conversation 1
Max: Hi there, excuse me, have you got a minute?
Man: Yes, what is it?
Max: I’m just asking a few people for their views on being
young for a talk I’m giving at college.
Man: OK.
Max: So, can I ask you? Do you agree with Oscar Wilde that
youth is wasted on the young?
Man: To tell you the truth, yes, I do.
Max: I see. Why do you think that?
THAT’S ENGLISH!
Man: Most of the time when I was younger, I didn’t really
appreciate being so fit and healthy. By and large I just
took it all for granted.
Max: You don’t think there are disadvantages to being
young − like lack of experience?
Man: Not at all! None whatsoever that really matter anyway.
Max: Can you give me an example?
Man: Well, as a rule you tend to have less money, but in the
long run most young people still manage to have a
good time anyway.
Max: So would you like to turn back the clock to your
twenties?
Man: Taking everything into account, I certainly do feel that
was the happiest period of my life. I just didn’t realise it.
Max: Thanks very much for your help.
Conversation 2
Max: Right, so the question is – do you agree with Oscar
Wilde that youth is wasted on the young?
Woman: It’s hard to say whether that’s true. I agree that
some people enjoy being young but there are
disadvantages. I wasn’t always happy when I was
a teenager.
Max: I see. Do you mind telling me why?
Woman: Well, to be more precise, I didn’t feel I fitted in at
school. Mostly I didn’t have the right hairstyle or
trendy clothes. Every day I felt so awful, walking
past the really fashionable girls.
Max: So do you disagree with Oscar Wilde?
Woman: Errm, I do. That is to say, I see what he means
but it’s no joke being young at times. All things
considered I’m much happier now I’m in my
thirties.
Max: Thanks very much.
SELF TEST (page 116)
Activity 6
51
Lily: I hear they’ve appointed a new regional manager now
that Mr Wilkins is leaving. I wonder what he or she
will be like.
Dan: Well, I think it’ll be a good thing. Is Wilkins retiring?
Lily: No, of course not. He’s nowhere near old enough!
He’s in the prime of life.
Dan: No, he must be well on the wrong side of forty. More
like sixty.
Lily: I’m sure you’re wrong. Anyway, he’s very experienced.
Dan: Yes, or old-fashioned you could say. Like that other
manager, Harris. He stayed on till he was a ripe old
age.
Lily: What rubbish! He was normal retirement age.
Dan: No, he wasn’t. He was practically going gaga. He
couldn’t remember anything and his secretary did all
his work for him.
Lily: Oh well, I’d rather have someone with experience
than some new baby-faced graduate in the bloom of
youth telling us what to do. That’s so irritating.
Dan: Yes. Well, old Harris had been here since he was
knee-high to a grasshopper but that didn’t stop him
making some terrible mistakes.
Lily: Hmm. You’re very ageist. You’ll be old too one day.
Dan: No, not me! I’m going to find the elixir of youth ...
157
Audio Scripts
UNIT 6. MIND YOUR MANNERS
LANGUAGE STUDY (pages 66-67)
Activities 1a and 1b
54
Conversation 1
Jez: Morning, Amy. Delivery for kitchens. Can you sign
here, please?
Amy: Oh, morning Jez. Thank you. How are you?
Jez: My knee’s still giving me problems but I can’t
complain.
Amy: Well, you go carefully with those boxes, now. Can you
take them round the back? Sam will help you.
Conversation 2
Amy: Good afternoon, sir. Would you mind waiting here for
just one moment? Thank you.
I’m so sorry to have kept you waiting. I’m afraid
your rooms won’t be ready for another twenty
minutes, but if you would like to step this way, sir.
You will be served complimentary afternoon tea in
the conservatory. Please accept our apologies for the
delay.
Conversation 3
Sir Roy: Come in.
Amy: I’m sorry to disturb you, Sir Roy, but could you
possibly sign these contracts when you’ve got a
moment?
Sir Roy: Very well. Would you put them in my in tray over
there? When do you need them for?
Amy: Tomorrow morning if possible.
Sir Roy: Mmm. I’m in a meeting all afternoon. I don’t think
I’ll have time to look at them until lunchtime. If I
get them back to you by the end of tomorrow
afternoon, will that do?
Amy: I think so, but in that case, do you mind if I send
them by messenger service back to the solicitors?
Conversation 4
Amy: Iris, Iris! Come here!
Iris: What is it, Amy? Is there a problem?
Amy: Today is one problem after another! The maharajah
and family have arrived half a day early with four
extra people and their suites aren’t ready.
Iris: Oh no!
Amy: Is it OK if I send all the maids up to finish getting them
ready?
Iris: Sure, no problem.
Amy: Only do me a favour and don’t say a word to Sir Roy.
If he finds out what’s happening, we’re all in trouble!
Activity 6a
55
Good morning everyone. Today we’re going to look at how
we can use intensifying adverbs to make your language
richer, more precise and more interesting. We can use most
intensifying adverbs with both adjectives and verbs to
substitute very or a lot. So instead of saying, I’m very much
in love with her, you can say, I am truly, madly, deeply,
blindly, hopelessly in love with her, which sounds much
more passionate and meaningful! This is why intensifiers
are often used in formal English − because they make your
message more precise and more emphatic.
158
Activity 6b
56
So let’s have a look at a few of the most common intensifiers,
starting with bitterly. Bitterly is used to express a strong
negative emotion such as anger or despair, so you can be
bitterly disappointed or angry or unhappy, feelings which
might even make you cry bitterly.You can also bitterly regret
or resent someone or something, or bitterly complain about
something.
The intensifier deeply is used to intensify emotions and
show that they are from the heart. So you can be deeply
ashamed or deeply worried or concerned. If you want to
make someone feel guilty, you can say how deeply hurt you
are, but on the positive side you can also be deeply moved
or deeply grateful.
In contrast to deeply, which is used for emotions, we use
highly in rational arguments, for example in academic and
business contexts. It’s used to talk about probability: we talk
about things being highly likely or unlikely, highly probable
or improbable or highly effective or ineffective. We also
talk about highly controversial topics and highly profitable
businesses. With verbs, highly collocates with recommend
and praise − I highly recommend it and I can’t praise it
highly enough.
Strongly is often used with verbs relating to having or
expressing opinions. Like highly, it’s used to express more
intellectual arguments than emotional ones, although you
can strongly like or dislike something or someone. You can
also strongly believe, deny, influence, oppose or support
things.
We use ridiculously when something is so extreme, it’s
difficult to believe. Things can be ridiculously cheap or
expensive, ridiculously easy or hard, ridiculously long or
short. Using ridiculously shows the speaker is judging,
probably negatively, the situation.
For ‘extreme adjectives’, absolutely and utterly are used
instead of very. For example, we say very tired but utterly
exhausted, very small but absolutely tiny, very nasty, but
absolutely disgusting.
So, if you want to express your emotions and opinions more
emphatically in English, then intensifiers are the answer.
Thank you so deeply, very, bitterly, amazingly …
Activities 8c and 8d
57
1 Seldom do we see such grace.
2 Little did they know what was about to happen.
3 No sooner had I arrived than I was put to work.
4 Under no circumstances should you tell anyone what you
have just seen.
5 Not only are they excellent scientists, but they are also
very friendly.
6 On no account should you open the door.
SKILLS WORK (page 69)
Activities 2a and 2b
58
Callum: Femi, I need your help! I’ve been invited to Alex’s
wedding, look!
Femi: Let’s see. Wow, that looks posh! That church is the
one just next to Kensington Palace you know, right
in the middle of Kensington. Oh! Sir John and
Lady Stratton, eh? You’ll be meeting the cream of
English society.
THAT’S ENGLISH!
Callum: No, I won’t, because on no account am I going. No
way! What’s Kensington Palace anyway?
Femi: Come on, Callum. You’ve been in London for years
now. Kensington Palace, you know, where Princess
Di lived. It has gorgeous sunken gardens. And
what do you mean you’re not going? You’ll have a
fantastic time!
Callum: No, I won’t, because I’ll hardly know anyone
– except Alex, who won’t have time to talk to me –
but above all, I’ve got no idea how to behave in that
kind of formal setting. And I have absolutely no
idea what to wear. What’s morning dress? What’s
black tie?
Femi: Um, you’re asking the wrong person there. Hang
on, I’ll google it, just a moment. OK, this is what
Debrett’s says …
Callum: Debrett’s? What’s that?
Femi: Oh, it’s a specialist guide to British life, manners
and etiquette. Basically, it tells you how to behave
in formal situations. So, let’s see … ah, here it is.
Morning dress is the traditional dress for weddings
and formal daytime events in the presence of the
Queen. Basically, it’s a tailcoat, trousers and a
waistcoat – usually grey or black. And if you go to
the races, you also have to wear a grey or black
top hat but at most other formal events you can
either carry it or simply not wear one. Oh, so that’s
a relief! And even I know what black tie is, it’s a
dinner jacket – you know, a black evening jacket
and bow tie.
Callum: Well, thank you for helping me with that but I
haven’t got any of those things – and anyway I’m
not going.
Femi: Rubbish! You can hire the clothes. You’ll bitterly
regret it if you miss it, and Alex will never forgive
you! I’ll help you with your clothes, I’ll even help
you dress if you want!
Activity 3a
59
Callum: Listen Femi, it’s really kind of you and I appreciate
your offer, but I just can’t go.
Femi: Oh nonsense, Callum! It’s not like you to be shy.
Just remember in formal settings, when you meet
people for the first time, you say how do you
do? And Debrett’s tells you how to address titled
people. Look, for Sir John Stratton, you can just call
him Sir John.
Callum: But I just wouldn’t know what to talk about with
these people.
Femi: I don’t believe what I’m hearing, Callum. You’re
really good at talking to people. What does Debrett’s
say? ‘It is important to set the conversation off well.
Try to think of an alternative to the usual “how are
you” or “what do you do?” Gentle humour, shared
observation, flattery and the occasional well-placed
compliment will all stimulate conversation. But
you’re great at all that sort of thing, Callum. If your
hostess or the person who has introduced you
has given you a helpful clue, then follow that up.
Otherwise, you may want to ask how the person
you are talking to knows the host or hostess.’
Callum: But Femi, that’s just the problem.
Femi: What is?
THAT’S ENGLISH!
Callum: I’m not worried about making conversation
generally; I’m worried about saying the wrong
thing. I am an ex-boyfriend. People are going to ask
me how I know Alex or how I know Olivia and I’ll
just feel really awkward – especially if I’m talking to
Olivia’s parents.
Femi: But didn’t you meet them when …? Oh!
Callum: Yes, come on Femi! I didn’t use to go out with
Olivia! I used to go out with Alex!
Femi: I didn’t know he was one of your exes.
Callum: Well, it was a long time ago. I’m really happy for
him and I know he’s madly in love with Olivia. But
I’m not sure I want to meet his new wife’s parents!
Do you understand now why I’m worried about
saying the wrong thing?
Femi: Mmm. OK, I admit it’s an unusual situation. Let’s
see what Debrett’s has to say about how to refuse a
wedding invitation, then!
WRITING (page 71)
Activity 4a
61
You are a volunteer for SOS World and you’re helping to
organise a fundraising fancy dress ball at Hollyhock Castle.
You’ve been given the role of social secretary and so it’s your
job to organise and send the invitations. It will be a formal,
black-tie event with live music and dancing, a champagne
supper and fireworks. The aim is to raise money for the
victims of a devastating earthquake in South America. It
destroyed many buildings and, as a result, many people are
still homeless and the country is in crisis. The proceeds from
the ticket sales and any donations will go towards buying
emergency medical supplies, food and blankets.
As social secretary, you’ve been asked to invite local
celebrity, Susan Del Rey, to attend the ball. She is a popular
TV actress, married to a rich businessman.You want to invite
her to judge the fancy dress contest and give out the prizes
because you know the presence of a celebrity will attract
more people. Since Susan Del Rey is considered a style icon
and is admired for her elegance and dress sense, having
her judge the fancy dress will encourage people to make
greater efforts with their costumes.
UNIT 7. MORE POWER TO YOU!
LANGUAGE STUDY (pages 76-77)
Activities 1a and 1b
63
Woman: Hi there, Grandad – how did you get on at the
council meeting?
Grandad: Not very well. The powers that be are going to
fine people up to £100 if they put the wrong kind
of rubbish in the recycling bins. It’s absolutely
ridiculous – I’m going to write to my Member of
Parliament.
Woman: You don’t have to write to your MP anymore
because you can communicate directly on the
government’s website www.you.gov.uk.
Grandad: Well, I’m not too good with computers.
Woman: Don’t worry, I’ll help you.
Grandad: How does it work then?
159
Audio Scripts
Woman: Anyone can raise an issue and invite signatures
online. They have to get over 100,000 signatures
and then the matter will be debated in Parliament.
Grandad: Really? That’s good, allowing ordinary people
to wield more power. But surely people could
misuse it.
Woman: Of course, the rules state people mustn’t abuse
this opportunity by using false identities and you
have to give your contact details. You can’t sign
unless you do that.
Grandad: Fair enough. Well, in this case we really need
to complain about this stupid idea about the
recycling bins. Many older people will get
confused and have to pay a fine.
Woman: Yes, it’s most unfair – you must do something
about it. Let’s have a look at the website now.
Here we go ...
Activities 5a, 5b and 5c
64
Advisor: Minister, I have the feedback from the local councils
and schools if you are ready, and the analysis from
the focus groups.
Minister: Yes, let’s do it now. So, what’s the feeling out
there?
Advisor: Well, there’s a lot of support for the idea of offering
free lunches to all school children up to age 11.
Minister: Marvellous. I thought that would be popular.
Advisor: But I’m afraid there was considerable opposition
to some of the other proposals. Although councils
approve of the free lunch idea, they remonstrated
with us when we said they would have to fund it
from their existing budgets.
Minister: That’s to be expected, there are always
remonstrations when central government asks
them to fund anything. Councils always oppose
the department on principle. I’ll ignore that.
Advisor: Also, there was considerable criticism of the
plan to extend the school-leaving age to 17. The
headteachers feel some students would do better
out in the real world.
Minister: Well, I’m not surprised. I knew schools would
criticise that plan. We’ll put that to one side for
now.
Advisor: Yes, but I’m afraid it’s worse than that − someone
leaked the idea to the press and there’s going to be
a public condemnation of you at a press conference
later today – the teachers’ union is absolutely
furious about the raising of the leaving age.
Minister: Hmm. That’s rather unfortunate. Before they
condemn me publicly, they could have asked me
for an interview. I suppose it’s too late now to
suggest that.
Advisor: I can try to contact them … So, unfortunately so far
there has been significant disapproval of the new
proposals.
Minister: What about the proposal to ban parents from
taking children on holiday in term time? Surely the
headteachers approve of that?
Advisor: Yes, they do, but all the parent groups strongly
disapprove. They challenge the rights of schools
to stop them having quality family time when
holiday prices are cheaper.
160
Minister: Whatever the teachers want, the parents dissent.
Really, it’s quite a challenge.
Advisor: In my experience, all Ministers of Education always
encounter considerable dissent to any changes.
Minister: Yes, I suppose it goes with the job. Well, if the
teachers’ union refuse to cooperate, my hands are
tied.
Advisor: I think we can negotiate and modify their refusal if
we are sensitive.
Minister: Very well. Please give them a call.
SKILLS WORK (page 79)
Activities 3a and 3b
66
Today we are going to consider The Asch Conformity
Experiments, which were a series of psychology experiments
conducted by Solomon Asch in the 1950s. The purpose
of Asch’s experiments was to demonstrate the power of
conformity in groups or, in other words, peer pressure.
Imagine yourself in this situation: you’ve agreed to take
part in a psychology experiment in which you are asked
to complete a vision test. You are in a room with the other
participants, and you are all shown a simple line on a card.
Then you are asked to look at another card with 3 more lines
of different lengths and say which line is the same length as
the original one.
Each participant is asked individually to choose the line they
think is the same length. Sometimes everyone in the group
chooses the same correct line as you, but, occasionally, all
the other participants, except you, choose an obviously
incorrect answer. So, the question is, would you change
your answer to conform to the rest of the group even though
you know you are right?
In actual fact, in each group only one of the participants was
not part of the research team, also all the others had been
told to sometimes give incorrect answers.
Now moving on to the results, nearly 75% of those who
were not researchers in the experiments changed their
answer at least once to agree with the rest of the group. The
final results of all the experiments indicated that participants
conformed to the incorrect group answer approximately
one third of the time.
Asch also found that having one of the researchers give the
correct answer while the rest of them gave the incorrect
answer dramatically lowered the participants’ conformity.
In this situation, just 5-10% of those in the study conformed
to the rest of the group. This suggests that having social
support is an important factor in not giving in to peer
pressure.
So, what did these experiments show? At the end,
participants were asked why they had agreed with the rest
of the group. In most cases, they stated that even though
they knew the rest of the group was wrong, they did not
want to risk being laughed at. A very few of the participants
suggested that they actually believed the other members of
the group were correct in their answers.
These results suggest that conformity can be influenced
both by a need to fit in and belong to a group and also by
the belief that other people are cleverer or more intelligent
than we are. Asch thought that giving in to peer pressure is
probably even stronger in real-life situations where things
are more difficult to judge.
THAT’S ENGLISH!
SPEAKING (pages 80-81)
Activities 2a and 2b
67
Zara: Honestly, it’s so depressing watching the news.
Switch it off. The world is full of these crazy rulers
fighting each other and causing misery. When will it
ever end?
Adam: My thoughts exactly. Here ... There’s a good
quotation in here by Gandhi. ‘The day the power of
love overrules the love of power, the world will know
peace.’ It’s brilliant, isn’t it?
Zara: Yes, it is. Spot on. The love of power can completely
destroy your love for other people.
Adam: It’s a pity Gandhi was such a rare type of leader –
committed to non-violent means to bring about
change. But it was effective, wasn’t it?
Zara: Yes, it was in a way. But when India became
independent there was terrible violence between
the Hindus and Muslims and surely Gandhi hadn’t
intended that to happen at all.
Adam: True. Weird, isn’t it? That a man of peace brought
about change peacefully and millions adored him,
but then suddenly, overnight, the people forgot all
his principles and started killing their neighbours.
Human nature hasn’t really progressed that much
despite thousands of years of civilisation.
Zara: Exactly, I couldn’t agree more. The evidence is on the
news every day. Right, I’m going to the gym to clear
my head.
Adam: Oh. You won’t be long, will you?
Zara: No, about an hour. Why?
Adam: Ed and Sally are coming for dinner tonight. You’ve
forgotten, haven’t you?
Zara: Yes, I have …
Adam: Honestly darling, you’ve got a memory like a sieve.
Zara: That’s perfectly true!
Activities 5a and 5b
70
Ed: Well, I hope we get a decent council leader before
long because this one is pathetic.
Adam: My thoughts exactly. Talking of leaders and power,
we were discussing why most leaders end up being
terrible – apart from Gandhi, and some others. Some
people say absolute power corrupts absolutely. How
do you feel about it, Ed?
Ed: Look, there’s no doubt that there have been some evil
leaders and dictators in history and even in recent
times and many seem to stay in power for years.
When people get absolute power, no one seems
able to stop them. Take North Korea, for example. It’s
the third generation now of the same terrible family
– and no one dares to challenge them, do they?
Adam: Not everyone will agree with me but I think the
North Korean people should have tried to take action
earlier, or got some help from other countries. They
seem to be quite passive.
Ed: That may be so but we have no idea what it’s like
inside that regime. It must be a climate of fear.
Adam: Well, I, for one, believe people get the government
they deserve.
THAT’S ENGLISH!
Ed: Well, I don’t accept that for one minute. That’s a cruel
judgement, isn’t it?
Adam: Sorry, it’s what I really believe. Take South Africa, for
example. They rose up against repression and won
the right to run their own land. Imagine you were a
black South African under the apartheid system. You
would probably get involved in protests against the
government, wouldn’t you?
Ed: I suppose so, fair enough. What’s your reaction to all
this, Zara?
Zara: OK, I’ll tell you my position. I’d get involved in any
non-violent movement but I would never resort to
hurting anyone.
Adam: But sometimes it’s necessary – what if people hadn’t
taken action against Adolf Hitler?
Zara: I take your point. But that was an extreme case,
wasn’t it?
Ed: It seems to me John Steinbeck was right when
he said ‘Power does not corrupt. Fear corrupts ...
perhaps the fear of a loss of power’.
Zara: Absolutely right. That’s why dictators like Stalin and
Mao Zedong became so extreme – they loved being
in control so much they were terrified of losing it –
they had to stop anyone who might take their power
away.
Adam: You’ve got a point there, I suppose. Fear is a powerful
motivation.
Zara: Anyway …, anyone for dessert?
SELF TEST (page 118)
Activity 6
71
Woman: Hello, I’m home.
Man: Hi there. How was your day?
Woman: Oh, pretty awful. Things are going from bad
to worse ever since Marcus went on that
management course.
Man: How do you mean?
Woman: Well, he thinks he’s superior to the rest of us now
and he’s on a power trip, always telling us that
we’re doing everything wrong.
Man: But he hasn’t been promoted, has he?
Woman: No, he hasn’t. I object to his criticising my work
because, actually, I know I’m doing better than
him.
Man: OK, well, you need to challenge him. Say something
like you didn’t know he’d been promoted.
Woman: Errm, I’m not sure about that.
Man: Trust me, it’s the only way. He’ll be embarrassed
and it will make him realise he’s gone too far. Do
you remember Barbara, that woman I used to
work with?
Woman: Yes, the bossy one.
Man: That’s right. She was always using some kind of
power play in the office – manipulating people to
make them do what she wanted. It was unfair. So,
in the end, I told her straight, in front of everyone,
that I objected to her manipulating people and it
had to stop. And it worked.
Woman: I suppose so, fair enough. I’ll have a word with him
on Monday.
Man: You won’t regret it!
161
Audio Scripts
UNIT 8. ART? OR NOT?
READING (page 85)
Activities 4a and 4b
73
To understand the punk movement in Britain, you need
to understand British society in the 1970s: an economic
depression, high unemployment, constant strikes and
power cuts. It was in this depressing environment that young
people started to react and express their urge to be creative
by making their own rebellious fashion and art, which they
got down to a fine art, and so punk was born. Punks shaved
their heads and wore piercings and outrageous clothes,
many of which were designed by a young art student called
Vivienne Westwood. The punks’ anger with society gave the
movement its energy, but, by the same token, also made
it aggressive and violent. Punk bands played concerts in
abandoned factories and garages where the audience
danced wildly. The furious energy of the dancers just
seemed to bypass the brain completely and often ended
in violence. Punk singers and artists didn’t necessarily set
out to be controversial and shock people. They said and did
shocking things because they just couldn’t help themselves:
punk was born out of rage and a deep sense of alienation
and inevitably a lot of punk art is angry and ugly and not at
all state-of-the-art or elegant. Punk is memorable because
it was a new means of expression, which gave the punks’
anger a voice and so lent dignity to it.
LANGUAGE STUDY (page 87)
Activity 5a
75
Alex
I would strongly advise against going to see it. I thought
it was just dreadful. I don’t understand how anyone can
admire that. I find it overpriced and overrated: a five-year old
could draw like that! Pretending that it’s great art is simply
pretentious. I think he’s just trying to be controversial so
that people will come and see it simply for its shock value.
I found it extremely tedious and I almost fell asleep.
Gayle
Well, I would recommend it to anyone. I think he is a highly
original artist, quite different from anyone else. I find the
abstract images to be very evocative: some of them made
me feel quite emotional and that haunting music in the
background was really atmospheric. It almost made me
believe I was in a deserted forest. I didn’t understand all
the poetry extracts that accompanied the images, but they
were thought-provoking − and I like things that make me
think − and the end part about world peace was really
beautiful and uplifting.
SKILLS WORK (page 89)
Activities 3a and 3b
77
Interviewer: OK. Now, Ed, your poems are often about
social injustice, so my question to you is: what
exactly is poetry for you? Is it about the beauty
of the words or is it more about sending a
political message?
Ed: Well, actually, poetry for me is about power −
the power of words. When you perform, it’s an
162
opportunity to say something to an audience,
and in my view, too many poets waste that
opportunity. I don’t mean that every poem
has to contain a political message, but for me
the best poetry has the power to change what
people think. Not because of how it is said
but because of what is said. For me, beautiful
words that don’t have a message behind
them don’t have any power. I know that’s
controversial, but …
Interviewer: So do you try to shock people when you
perform?
Ed: Not really, but I do want to challenge people.
Art shouldn’t just tell people what they want
to hear and repeat things they already believe
in. So, a good poem should get people to see
things in a different way. But I don’t want to
manipulate people’s emotions either to shock
them. If I write about racism or domestic
violence or addiction, there’s got to (gotta) be
a real message, not just ‘drugs are bad’ or ‘it’s
difficult to be a woman’. Otherwise, that’s just
exploitation.
Interviewer: So your poems are a call to action then?
Ed: I hope so. I want the audience to remember
what I’ve said and think about it. But, going
back to what we were saying earlier, in order
to communicate with an audience you’ve
got to (gotta) write well because it’s good
writing that makes your message powerful
and memorable. So the traditional things
that have always made good poetry, like
unusual metaphors and vivid imagery, are still
important.
Interviewer: And what’s the most important thing when
you’re performing your poems?
Ed: My audience. The biggest lesson I’ve learned
is that you should perform to your audience
and not at your audience. You’ve got to create
a personal connection with people. You’re not
there to show everybody how clever you are
with words; you’re there to communicate, to
get people to think and feel.
Interviewer: So how do you do that?
Ed: It’s difficult to explain but if you want people to
really listen to you, then it’s not just your voice
and your words, it’s your body language, your
eye contact, how you use the microphone,
how you use the space. A good poet uses
everything. In my opinion, anyway.
WRITING (pages 90-91)
Activities 1a and 1b
78
Nathan
Well, I’ve got to admit I’m not really looking forward to it.
I’m not a big fan of art generally. I like some pictures and
I don’t like others, and even the ones I do like, I don’t want
to stand for hours looking at them! That’s why I’m not really
comfortable in art galleries − it’s all a bit too serious for me.
I only agreed to come because Rembrandt painted classical
figurative art, which I actually don’t mind. I don’t think much
of modern abstract art generally. I reckon lots of those
so-called artists just haven’t learned to draw! And I just can’t
bear all the pretentious talk that goes with it all. But as I
THAT’S ENGLISH!
quite like Rembrandt and Jen is keen to go, I’ve agreed to
go. I always like going to London and it’s in the National
Gallery, so why not?
Jenny
I’ve been looking forward to this for months. I love portraits
and Rembrandt is simply the greatest portrait painter of
them all. I’ve never had the opportunity to see so many of
his works all together. The exhibition is of his late works and
the National Gallery has borrowed them from galleries and
museums all over the world − I think it is one of the most
complete exhibitions of this period of his work ever, so it
will be a once in a lifetime experience. It’s only on for six
months so I know it’s going to be really crowded − any event
in London always is! We reserved online and we’re going to
get there early to avoid the crowds. I can’t wait!
Activities 5a and 5b
79
Andrea: When you first go inside, the exhibition space
seems quite dark. At first, I thought I wasn’t going
to be able to see anything, but after a few minutes,
my eyes got used to it. I wasn’t expecting there
to be music but there was some haunting music
playing in the background so it’s very atmospheric.
All the paintings are well lit so you can see them
clearly.
Kara: Yes, the lighting is really dramatic. It’s easy to
understand that Goya completed these paintings
and drawings during an extremely difficult period
at the end of his life. They’re very, very dark.
Andrea: Absolutely! In the first two rooms, the pictures
portray images of witches and demons and death.
They’re horrifying, but they’re also exquisitely
beautiful. The drawings are full of minute exquisite
details. The suffering and the horror on the faces
is drawn with microscopic precision. They are
absolute masterpieces.
Kara: Yes, but they’re also some of the most terrifying
images I’ve ever seen! I couldn’t bear to look at
some of them. The part of the exhibition I liked
best was the room at the end with drawings of
people having nightmares and waking up from
them. It helped me to understand that Goya
was confronting the fears that came from inside
himself.
Andrea: The high point of the exhibition for me was the
drawings of the witches because they’re not just
about horror, there’s a sort of grotesque humour in
them, too. I found the whole exhibition absolutely
fascinating and I would definitely recommend it.
Kara: I think the art is extraordinary and very memorable,
but it was all a bit too depressing and gloomy for
me. I’m glad I went, but I wouldn’t want to see it
again and I wouldn’t recommend it to everyone.
UNIT 9. AND THEY ALL LIVED HAPPILY
EVER AFTER
READING (page 94)
Activity 1b
80
The background to this surprising quote is said to be this:
apparently a woman who was a personal friend of Dr
THAT’S ENGLISH!
Einstein hoped that her son might become a scientist. One
day she asked Dr Einstein’s advice about the kind of reading
that would best prepare the child for this career. To her
surprise, the scientist recommended ‘fairy tales and more
fairy tales’. The mother protested that she was really serious
about this and she wanted a serious answer, but Dr Einstein
persisted adding that creative imagination is essential
for the true scientist and that fairy tales are a stimulus to
develop this quality in children.
LANGUAGE STUDY (page 96)
Activities 3a, 3b and 3c
83
Vicky: I’m so bored Tom. I’m going crazy sitting here
with nothing to do. And you’re just playing on the
computer!
Tom: OK, don’t panic. How about doing this quiz on famous
last words and quotes?
Vicky: Sounds good.
Tom: Right, question 1. As he lay dying, the writer Oscar
Wilde’s last words were ‘Either this wallpaper goes or
I do’. True or false?
Vicky: Yes, true. I’ve heard that many times.
Tom: Aha, false. Although it is commonly believed that
these were Wilde’s last words, in fact he said them
several weeks earlier. His last words were, in fact, a
prayer.
Vicky: Huh. Right, next one.
Tom: 2. James Dean, the film actor, was killed after
crashing his car in California. Dean’s last words to his
passenger were ‘That guy’s got to (gotta) stop, he’ll
see us’. True or false?
Vicky: False.
Tom: Correct! Contrary to what most people think, his
passenger said he didn’t hear Dean say anything at
all before the crash.
Vicky: Good, one point to me. Next.
Tom: Just before he died, Hollywood actor Humphrey
Bogart said ‘Here’s looking at you, kid’ to his wife as
she left the house.
Vicky: True.
Tom: No! The fact of the matter is he said ‘Goodbye, kid,
hurry back’.
Vicky: I’m no good at this. Ahh, I’ve got a question for you.
Queen Marie Antoinette of France was asked what to
do about the poor people in France, and replied ‘Let
them eat cake’. True or false?
Tom: True, of course.
Vicky: Ah, actually, what she said was ‘Let them eat brioche’
you know, that sweet rich French bread.
Tom: Well, that was entertaining. Now we learned a thing
or two.
Activities 4a and 4b
84
Ms Gordon: Good morning Sam, please take a seat.
Sam: Thank you, Ms Gordon. What did you want to
see me about?
Ms Gordon: It’s regarding this end-of-year report you’ve
done on our business in Germany. I’m afraid
it’s full of inaccuracies and you need to amend
it as soon as possible.
163
Audio Scripts
Sam: Really? I’m terribly sorry. Can you give me an
example?
Ms Gordon: Well, I’ve highlighted all the areas that need
rectification in red. For example, the report
states we did €80,000 of sales there in the last
six months and the correct figure is €800,000.
Sam: Right, well, I can only apologise. I’ll get on with
the corrections at once and I’ll let you have the
amended version by the end of the week.
Ms Gordon: Wait a minute. I’m particularly concerned
over this error you wrote: ‘The company has
not found a remedy for problems with the
computer software being used in Germany’.
That is totally untrue.
Sam: Oh, is it?
Ms Gordon: Yes, surely you know we have spent thousands
of euros on a remedial software programme?
Sam: Of course, I’ll include that in the amendments.
Ms Gordon: Just a moment, Sam. We can’t just rectify
the situation by changing a few things in the
report. I need to know how you arrived at all
this wrong information.
Sam: Er, well, I asked Ian and Susie to gather the
information and put it together. I didn’t have
time to correct it.
Ms Gordon: What? Didn’t you write it yourself, as section
manager?
Sam: No, because I was very busy with all the extra
work Mr Hanson had given me.
Ms Gordon: This is ridiculous. I’ll speak to Mr Hanson; this
situation has to be remedied at once. I expect
to see the rectified report in one week’s time.
Understood?
Sam: Yes, perfectly, Ms Gordon. I’ll take great care to
check the amended facts carefully and then I’ll
be sure to present something ...
SKILLS WORK (page 99)
Activities 3a, 3b and 3c
86
Leo: So, what did you think of the film then, Nick?
Nick: Pretty good, but the ending was rubbish.
Leo: No, really? I thought it was thought-provoking, a bit
mysterious.
Nick: No, honestly Leo, I really can’t stand films where you
don’t know what happened. Like The Ninth Gate with
Johnny Depp. Right at the end, he’s about to conjure
up Satan and achieve immortality and then it just
fades out. What a waste of effort watching it.
Leo: Actually, I thought it was brilliant – all the clues were
there and they didn’t need to spell it out. Anyway, how
can you portray immortality?
Nick: Come on, the fact of the matter is with all the special
effects they could have done something amazing. No,
it’s just lazy film-making.
Leo: A lot of science-fiction films take that line, though.
Look at Stanley Kubrick’s 2001, A Space Odyssey. The
message isn’t clear at the end but it’s still a classic
film.
Nick: Actually, I was bored stiff by it − no story line and then
at the end, images of apes and a giant baby next to
the Earth. What was all that about? There was no real
message. Everyone was confused.
164
Leo: Yes, but it was very unusual and made you think. Did
you see that Danny Boyle film Sunshine? Contrary to
what most people think, he doesn’t always get it right.
Nick: Too right. That film was really good and had a lot of
themes like the psychology of space travel and man’s
role in the universe, and then Boyle ruined it by
turning it into a horror movie at the end.
Leo: I can’t argue with that. It didn’t fit in at all with the rest
of the film. Anyway, let’s get a drink!
SPEAKING (page 100)
Activity 1b
87
A: Hey you, what are you doing, reading? Shouldn’t you
be working on your novel instead? I thought you had to
finish your manuscript this month.
B: I do. But, I’ve been trying to finish it and I just can’t get
the ending right, so I decided to read a book my editor
recommended. She said it might inspire me.
A: Oh. What’s it about?
B: Basically, it’s about story endings. It’s called The Seven
Basic Plots. The author, Christopher Booker, argues that
there are just seven basic story plots and endings.
A: Seven!? But surely the ending of a story depends on the
writer’s imagination.
B: Well, actually not really. The fact of the matter is that
every story ever told always follows one of these seven
plots, or a variation or combination of them all.
A: So, what are they?
B: Well, first there’s the ‘overcoming the monster’ − when
the hero tries to stop a dangerous being or force which is
attacking their country.
A: Ah, OK. Like the Terminator films.
B: Exactly. Then there’s the ‘rags to riches’ − when the hero
starts off poor, but ends up rich and in love, you know,
the typical Cinderella type of thing.
A: Ah, I do love a happy ending!
B: Yes, well. Then there’s the ‘quest’ − this is when the
main character goes on a dangerous journey to find the
treasure, often with a group of friends. The Indiana Jones
films always follow this plot.
A: Ah, I see. What others are there?
B: The ‘journey and return’ − the hero goes to a strange
magical place but returns having learnt many valuable
lessons about themselves: life, people … Just like in The
Wizard of Oz for example.
A: Ah. Or Finding Nemo − Nemo’s father learns that it’s not
the end of the world just because his son is growing up.
B: Precisely. Then there’s ‘comedy’ and ‘tragedy’.
Shakespeare used these plots all the time. A Midsummer’s
Night’s Dream, Macbeth … Comedies are happy tales
where something dark is keeping the hero and heroine
apart, but in the end, after a series of amusing obstacles,
they live happily ever after. And tragedies always have an
evil villain as the main character who fortunately comes
to a sticky end.
A: So, what’s the last type of plot?
B: That would be ‘rebirth’.
A: ‘Rebirth’? What like when the villain suddenly realises
their mistakes and changes completely?
B: Well, contrary to what you might think, the main
characters of these stories aren’t always villains. It’s
usually just a normal person with normal weaknesses
THAT’S ENGLISH!
 who changes after an important event and becomes a
better person, for example, Charles Dickens’ Scrooge,
who changes after seeing the Christmas ghosts.
A: I see. So, what ending are you going to choose?
B: Oh, I have no idea! I’m at the end of my tether!
Activity 3
89
1 Are you sitting comfortably? Then I’ll begin. There was
once a princess …
2 Back in the olden days when there was real magic …
3 Far away and long ago …
4 Once upon a time …
5 In a nutshell …
6 The moral of the story is …
7 To cut a long story short …
8 And for all I know, they are living there to this day.
9 A long time ago in a distant land …
10 In a faraway kingdom …
11 They all lived happily ever after.
12 But that’s another story.
SELF TEST (page 120)
Activity 5
91
Ally: Hi there, Mike. Long time no see. How’s work going?
Mike: It’s been tough but I can start to relax now that the
hospital building project is finishing.
Ally: I thought that finished last year!
Mike: Contrary to what most people think, it’s only just been
completed.
Ally: Oh dear, what was the problem?
Mike: The fact of the matter is, if the money hadn’t run out,
we’d have finished a lot sooner.
Ally: I suppose more taxpayers’ money was needed.
Mike: Actually, we got some help from a generous benefactor.
Ally: Well, the Health Service shouldn’t have to rely on
benefactors.
Mike: I suppose not. If we had known about the extra costs
in advance, we would have changed the plans. But it
was too late.
Ally: Would you have taken the job if you’d realised all this?
Mike: I doubt it − it’s been a nightmare.
REVISION 2
LANGUAGE REVISION (page 102)
Activity 4b
92
1 You’ll help me with my homework, won’t you?
2 She’s changed her mind again, hasn’t she?
3 He feels younger than he is, doesn’t he?
4 You’re at the end of your tether, aren’t you?
SKILLS WORK (page 105)
Activities 3a and 3b
94
Presenter: In today’s programme we are pleased to welcome
Jenny Harris and Bob Thurston for this week’s
THAT’S ENGLISH!
debate on retirement. Today we are discussing
the following statement: There should be an
obligatory retirement age for people in power.
Let’s start with you, Bob. What are your thoughts
on this?
Bob: Well, I think it’s patently clear that we as a society
have never got rid of leaders just because they
are old. There are hundreds of examples of top
leaders in politics, business and religion who are
well past the recommended retirement age and
yet are still doing a good job. Look at the Queen
of England. She’s been on the throne since 1952
and is still doing a fantastic job.
Presenter: What about you, Jenny?
Jenny: I think the problem arises when the person in
charge has a job for life and is not easily held
accountable for their actions. If you can’t fire
someone, for example Supreme Court judges in
the United States have their position for life, if
you can’t fire this person, but they aren’t doing
the job well, then this can’t be good for society.
Presenter: But how do you choose a definitive cut-off age?
Bob: Can I just say, it’s one thing to allow people to
choose to retire at the age of 65 or 70, but quite
another to force them to stop working. As a rule,
in the developed world our life expectancy is
much higher, we are healthier and much more
capable than 100 years ago. I don’t think it
should ever be a question of imposing a specific
retirement age on anyone. We should leave it up
to the individual to decide when they feel they
are no longer able or willing to do the job. Take
the example of Pope Benedict XVI. He retired,
and was the first Pope to do so in 600 years,
because he knew he was no longer physically
or mentally up to the demands of leading the
Church.
Jenny: You have a point there, but it’s not fair to let
our society depend on the personal decision
of a single individual. After all, it might be the
wrong decision. There are cases of leaders in
their dotage who are not really capable, but who
refuse to stand down and let a younger person
take their place. Sometimes it’s even dangerous
to have a person who is going gaga taking
important decisions. No one is irreplaceable,
there’s always someone to take their place
who can do the job just as well or even better,
especially if they are younger.
Bob: I’m not sure I agree with that. What about
experience? And wisdom? Many leaders are
in power precisely because they have the
knowledge and maturity to deal with problems in
a responsible way and make rational decisions.
Jenny: I see your point, but how many years’
experience do you need to gain that wisdom?
I agree that a 20-year-old may not typically be
a good leader, but just look at the example of
the business world. Why is it that only about
2% of company directors in successful private
businesses are over 70? Whilst in the US Senate
for example the figure is nearer 20%, or in the
Supreme Court nearly 100% of the judges are
well past retirement age. If a business is doing
well, you’d have thought that the director of
165
Audio Scripts
the board would be kept on no matter how old
they are, but by and large, this doesn’t happen
because it’s generally acknowledged that the
older you are, the more difficult it is to work
effectively and efficiently.
Presenter: So perhaps retirement is not the solution but
instead a reduction in direct power. The value
of wisdom and experience is obviously a huge
factor, but maybe these leaders should move
over to an advisory role after a certain time, you
know, supporting the new leader with advice
and the benefit of their knowledge.
Bob: That could be a way.
Jenny: I’d agree with that.
UNIT 10. EXAM STRATEGIES
LISTENING COMPREHENSION I (page 108)
Activity 2
97
Conversation 1
Angie: Have I ever told you about the first time I met Josh?
Tina: Wasn’t it when you were in a pub in Manchester?
Angie: No, that was much later. I actually went to high
school with him.
Tina: Really?
Angie: Yes, it was in the 90s and we were living in Sunderland
because (‘cos) my dad had been transferred there
for a year. So he took the whole family and there
we were, new house, new school, new friends. You
know, for a teenager it was quite tough.
Tina: I’m sure it was.
Angie: Anyway, I remember walking into the classroom
and seeing a sea of strange faces, thinking I’d die of
embarrassment. But in the end, everyone was pretty
friendly, though they all had their groups. I ended up
with the sporty lot and had fun with various athletic
teams and the clubs.
Tina: What about Josh?
Angie: Well, the funny thing is I thought he was a total idiot
and I didn’t have much to do with him. His mates
were the geeky Goth types, you know, all dressed
in black and into electronics. I’m ashamed to say
I ignored him for the whole year when we were
there.
Tina: Wow! And what did you do when you saw him
again?
Angie: To tell the truth, I didn’t even recognise him. It was
a few years later. He knew who I was, but he didn’t
tell me at the time. Just recently he told me the truth:
he’d had a great evening pretending he’d never seen
me before and listening to my stories of school as if
they were new to him. Luckily, I don’t think I made
any rude comments about him and his gang, or,
if I did, he forgave me because (‘cos) we’ve been
together five years now!
Tina: Does he still wear black?
Angie: No, only when he goes to concerts of weird bands
that I can’t get to like. I send him on his own!
Conversation 2
Wendy: Do you know who I met the other day? A woman
called Jenny who says she knows you from when
166
your children were at primary school together.
Lee: Not Jenny Summers?
Wendy: I think so. Why the disapproving tone?
Lee: Well, she’s not my favourite person although I did
think she was nice enough when we first met. It
wasn’t till later that I realised what she was really
like.
Wendy: Tell me about it!
Lee: Well, we got to know each other through the
parents’ association. I always thought she was
efficient and practical, a bit bossy maybe, but
generally wanting to help out and give the kids a
chance. We got pretty friendly over those few years.
Wendy: So what happened to change your mind?
Lee: You know, the kids move on and we lost touch
when they changed schools. But I ran into
Danny, who had been on the association too
and he told me the gossip. So, I found out that
she’d only joined the parents’ association, and
coincidentally offered her services as treasurer,
you know, dealing with the accounts, collecting
money from the others and paying bills, she’d
only joined to get what she could for herself. She
quietly slipped money out of the account and
into her own pocket!
Wendy: That’s awful! What have you done about it?
Lee: The problem is that this was over five years ago, so
legally it’s hard to claim it back.
Wendy: That’s unbelievable! I’ll think twice before inviting
her over!
Conversation 3
Colin: Hi Sam. Do you know my daughter, Sandra, is
thinking of going into acting?
Sam: Are you sure that’s wise, Colin? I mean, look at me!
Colin: I think you’re one of the reasons why! After all, you
have had a successful career in theatre. Anyway,
I wanted to ask you about doing that course in the
acting college. Would you recommend it?
Sam: Well, it was a worthwhile experience, but at the time
I didn’t enjoy it much because we were constantly
put under pressure and I felt terribly anxious all the
time. We had this amazing teacher but, boy, was
he tough! I was always worried that I was doing
something wrong and he never praised us, just
criticised.
Colin: It must have been awful.
Sam: It was pretty stressful, but now I understand his
methods. He really was one of the great acting
coaches because he gave you the confidence to face
criticism and deal with it. That’s a powerful tool to
have when you’re performing.
Colin: Absolutely! So is he still teaching there?
Sam: Sadly, he retired a couple of years ago and I’ve heard
he’s gone gaga now, which is a real shame. He really
had a brilliant mind and was very inspiring. So, I’m
not so sure about the quality of the teachers they
have now. Maybe Sandra should go and have a look
around.
Colin: When is it a good time for her to go?
Sam: I think they have open days in the spring, so if she
gets in touch straight after Christmas she could sign
up for one.
Colin: That’s a good idea!
THAT’S ENGLISH!

LISTENING COMPREHENSION II (page 108)
Activities 1, 2a and 2b
98
Presenter: Good morning and welcome to today’s edition
of Family Life. As we all know, in many families
today both parents work so when it comes to
the holidays, finding childcare is essential. While
there are children’s clubs and camps, they can be
expensive so, more and more, parents are relying
on the grandparents to lend a hand. In the studio
we have our experts, Janet Reynolds, the author
of Parenting Alternatives and grandmother
to two toddlers; and Michael Mailer, a child
psychologist and also a grandparent. Welcome
to the programme!
Janet: Good morning.
Michael: Good morning. Thank you.
Activity 3
99
Presenter: So, Janet. How common is it for grandparents
to look after their grandchildren in the holidays?
Janet: Well, in fact, it’s extremely common. It’s estimated
that millions of pounds are saved by families
because, instead of paying for independent
carers, they have the grandparents taking care
of children.
Presenter: So while the parents are saving money, what
about the expense for the grandparents? Are any
of them paid to help out?
Janet: This is a dilemma, particularly if the grandmother
or grandfather has given up paid work to look
after them. Most often, grandparents are
not paid for their help from their children.
Surprisingly, the average age of grandparents
in this country nowadays is under 50, so they
are often still working. In the school holidays,
many spend their own holiday time with their
grandchildren. However, the vast majority
obviously don’t charge for the service although
sometimes they do need help with expenses.
Presenter: I can see that. So, Michael, what other issues
arise with this army of child support helpers?
Michael: In many cases, the arrangement is ideal. A lot of
parents want their children to be brought up in
a similar way to their own experience so there
is clearly common ground there. The family ties
are stronger than any financial agreement, so
the parents feel that their children are safe and
well cared for. But there are a lot of pressures
on parents these days from the huge amount of
marketing around raising a child.
Presenter: What do you mean?
Michael: You know, the parenting guides that tell you
your child should listen to classical music
or eat organic food to be more intelligent or
healthier. The advertising for accessories for
babies and toddlers is very powerful, so young
mothers and fathers sometimes feel that if
they are not giving their children the best that
money can buy, they are failing them in some
way.
THAT’S ENGLISH!
Answer Key
Janet: That’s very true. And the grandparents are often
of the opinion that it’s not so important to buy
special baby-oriented products because they
brought up their own children without those
things.
Michael: Yes, so there are sometimes conflicts and parents
worry.
Presenter: So, is it a problem that grandparents are
sometimes old-fashioned?
Michael: The truth of the matter is that in areas such as the
use of modern technology, like social media for
example, older people find it difficult to monitor
and control what children are doing. This is an
additional concern that they never had to deal
with when bringing up their own kids.
Presenter: Yes, it’s easy to see how that could cause
difficulties. And Janet, are there any other areas
that create tension?
Janet: Yes, there are often greater problems when
the grandparents are from the father’s side.
Although many parents share responsibilities
equally, there is still a tendency for the mother
to take the leading role in the children’s
upbringing, so when the children are left
with the in-laws, there are potentially more
differences between their ideas of what
constitutes appropriate ways of dealing with
children and the mother’s.
Presenter: So, are you careful with your daughter-in-law?
Janet: Indeed! No, actually, we get on very well and
I’ve learnt a lot from her too. The most important
thing is respect, and letting grandparents spoil
the children occasionally!
Michael: That’s so true!
Presenter: Well, thank you for coming into the studio today.
Answer Key
UNIT 1. MEMORY LANE
Don’t forget … (pages 8-9)
Activity 1
Suggested answer:
I think I have a fairly good memory on the whole, but if I’m
having difficulties I find associating words with pictures
useful, or making up a story. For example, I could never
remember my mobile phone number until I invented a story
about each group of numbers. It starts 077 so that made
me think of James Bond (007) and then it’s 39, so I repeat
‘James Bond went up the 39 steps’, etc. When I’m busy at
work I also write reminders on the back of my left hand in
biro ink − it’s very useful!
Activity 2
1 He forgot to turn the hosepipe off and he forgot why he’d
gone to the shop.
2 Because the bonds have matured and they’re worth
quite a lot of money. They need to take them to the bank
tomorrow and she can’t remember where she put them.
Activity 3
1 bus pass 3 forgetting little things 5 memory aids
2 stress 4 hosepipe 6 forgetfulness
167
Answer Key
Activity 4 and chips out of newspaper, listening to the waves crashing
1 The man became a professional jazz trumpeter. on the beach. And also the taste of vanilla ice-cream with
chocolate sauce reminds me of being on the beach, building
2 Mrs D found one of his records.
sandcastles and paddling in the sea. It was chilly, but we
3 He used to sleep all day and practise the trumpet at night.
didn’t notice as we stood in the water eating ice-cream. It
4 She is worried he may be getting dementia. feels like yesterday.
5 He finds the missing bonds as he remembered exactly
where he had hidden them. READING (pages 10-11)
Activity 5 Activity 1
1a, 2a, 3b, 4a, 5b Student’s own answers.
Activity 6 Activity 2a
1 losing his marbles 4 senior moment 1c
2 short-term memory loss 5 it feels like yesterday 2 Zoe lacked confidence and found it difficult to concentrate
3 it slipped my mind as a child but now she doesn’t have those problems.
3 Rachel seems to be quite bossy and impatient but caring
Activity 7
as well.
The main problem I have with forgetfulness is with new
people’s names. Even if I’ve met them a few times when I Activity 2b
need to mention their name I find it’s slipped my mind, so 1 ✔
now I write names down afterwards and that helps. Actually, 2 ✔
I’m quite worried about my grandmother as she often has 3 ✗ She came across them while looking for the briefcase.
senior moments. At first it was funny, but now she is having 4 ✗ She thought his name began with ‘J’ − Joe or Jim.
difficulty remembering how to cook meals and even how 5 ✔
to make a cup of coffee. The worrying thing is she doesn’t
6 ✗ Only her grandfather. Zoe’s parents wanted her to
realise she has a problem so I think we need to speak to her
try harder at school and were disappointed but her
doctor.
grandfather realised her strengths lay in doing practical
Activity 8a things.
1 Student’s own answer. 7 ✗ Rachel didn’t feel resentment towards Zoe.
2 the smell of flowers, a special dish, a time of year, the Activity 2c
sound of a favourite song and church music
1 Rachel was successful at school and Zoe felt inferior
Activity 8b because people always compared her to her sister, so
their relationship wasn’t always an easy one.
Nicole the smell of making soup
2 Zoe disappointed her parents with her schoolwork
Glenn blues guitar music although they pretended not to mind.
Chelsi gospel music 3 Her grandfather understood she was not good at academic
Brandy the smell of sweet potato pie work but had practical abilities and encouraged her to do
David certain songs practical things.
Victor the smell of campfires 4 Zoe realises that no one was trying to hurt her and that
she was not an easy child to bring up.
Borislav smell of winter and of the first snow fall
5 They offer to take each other to lunch.
Samantha the smell of lavender flowers
Activity 3a
Activity 8c
1g, 2c, 3e, 4a, 5f, 6d, 7b
1 Glenn: his father, Chelsi and Brandy: their grandmothers,
Borislav: his parents Activity 3b
2 Borislav: winter 1 it’s on the tip of my tongue
3 Chelsi: Alabama 2 a trip down memory lane
4 Victor: friends gathered round having an excellent time, 3 if (my) memory serves (me) correctly/right/well
Borislav: snowball fighting with his parents 4 I’ve got a memory like a sieve
Activity 9 5 jogged my memory
6 the memories came flooding back
1b, 2b, 3a
7 my mind’s gone blank
Activity 10
Activity 4
1 slipped my mind 5 reminds me of
Suggested answers:
2 senior moment 6 get a whiff of that smell
2 I heard a song on the radio that was a favourite when I
3 short-term memory loss 7 takes me straight back
was in high school. Fun, happy memories came flooding
4 losing her marbles 8 it feels like yesterday
back.
Activity 11 3 I was with my mother the last time I took a trip down
For me, it’s the smell of fish and chips or rather the vinegar memory lane. We were remembering the years I was a
on them. When I get a whiff of that smell it takes me straight child and it was fun to compare our different perspectives
back to holidays by the sea and walking along eating fish of the same memory.

168 THAT’S ENGLISH!

4 When I forget something I mentally take myself back in Activity 4b
time, step by step, and I usually end up next to what I 1 was going to 2 was about to 3 were going to
forgot.
Activity 4c
5 All of the time! I tend to forget names and some names
you shouldn’t forget – like your boss or child’s teacher. They used the past tense of ‘to be’ + going to/about to.
Activity 5
LANGUAGE STUDY (pages 12-13)
2 We were going to install a new bathroom but we ran out
Activity 1 of money.
1 fond, vivid 3 long-term, short-term 5 haunting 3 He was about to start his speech when all the lights went
2 elusive 4 retentive 6 vague off.
Activity 2a 4 They were going to tell their parents about the engagement
but her father became ill.
1 because it was growing over his fence and blocking the
5 Sorry about the mess − I was going to clean up but I
light into his house
overslept.
2 to cut some branches off
6 The wedding ceremony was about to begin.
3 to cut down the tree
7 He was about to start painting when the phone rang.
4 stop arguing
5 trying to injure Mr White, who was in the tree, because Activity 6a
Mr Black had started cutting down the tree 1 take frequent breaks, think about connections between
6 Mr Black – for being unreasonable ideas, eat healthily, get plenty of sleep

Activity 2b Activity 6b
2 negative consequences
Verb pattern Verbs
Activity 6c
verb + to 1
threaten
1 or else 4 If, don’t
2
persuade, 3warn, 4invite,
verb + somebody + to 2 If not / Otherwise 5 If not / Otherwise
5
encourage
3 or else 6 or else
verb + -ing 6
deny
Activity 7
verb + preposition + 7
object to, 8insist on 1 was about to 6 to provide
(something)-ing
2 to speak 7 knowing
verb + somebody + 9
blame somebody for 3 to jog her memory 8 trying
preposition + -ing
4 if not 9 or else
verb + to somebody + 10
complain 5 to believe 10 claiming
about + -ing

Activity 2c
Food for thought (page 14)
Activity 1
1 to … growing 7 to 13 for 19 to
2 to 8 to 14 damaging 20 to Suggested answer:
My favourite foods as a child included desserts like lemon
3 about 9 of 15 on
meringue pie, which I thought was absolutely delicious, but
4 to 10 trying 16 continuing
my taste for sweet things has diminished because now I
5 to 11 doing 17 for find it’s far too sweet. On the other hand , savoury foods I
6 to 12 to 18 to used to love like macaroni cheese and baked potatoes with
Activity 3a melted butter are still very tasty and eating them takes me
straight back to family dinnertimes when I was at school.
1 beg 4 deny 7 threaten
2 refuse 5 blame 8 advise Activity 2
3 accuse 6 encourage 1 When he started working in a restaurant as a porter he
remembered his mother’s cooking and that made him
Activity 3b want to open his own restaurant, where he could cook the
2 Uncle Sam refused to lend me / us the money. dishes she used to make.
3 Betty accused Nicola of stealing her husband. 2 His favourite dish was egg curry.
4 Fred denied breaking / having broken the window. 3 After he had played football with his friends he used
5 Mum blamed Harry for missing / having missed the train. to come home and smell the egg curry his mother was
6 My trainer encouraged me to try hard in the race. cooking.
7 Elliot threatened to tell (my / our) Mum if I / we didn’t do it. 4 Smell and taste are closely associated with memory.
8 Mrs Day advised me / us to get to bed early before the 5 Smell is the most important because more than 75% of
exam. what we taste actually comes from our sense of smell.
Activity 3
Activity 4a
Student’s own answers.
1 He is annoyed.
2 The staff hasn’t / haven’t done any of the things he wanted Activity 4
while he was away. 1c, 2e, 3b, 4c, 5a, 6d

THAT’S ENGLISH! 169

Answer Key
Activity 5 Activity 2
1 exciting, vibrant, noisy, lively, modern, crowded, etc. 1b, 2b, 3c, 4a
2 shopping, sightseeing, cultural visits, sporting events Activity 3a
Activity 6
Creating interest in 1
ever tell 2won’t believe
1 the Big Apple, influential 5 Reflecting, honours
the story 3
happened
2 8.5 million, 50 million, 5 6 treasured, vulnerable
3 Ellis Island, heritage 7 striking, determination, hope Reminiscing about 4
that long ago 5picture it
4 ambitious, in particular the past 6
back so many

Activity 7 Organising ideas in 7

were planning 8was
My favourite national event which is commemorated is Guy chronological order 9
was going to
Fawkes Night. It takes place in November on the 5th. We Commenting on 10
nightmare 11well that ends
remember the time when in the 17th century Guy Fawkes the outcome 12
pear
and his group planned to blow up the King while he was
sitting in Parliament but luckily, the plot was discovered just Activity 3b
in time. Guy Fawkes was found guilty of treason and put to
Creating interest: Have you heard the story about … ?
death by burning and we have bonfires to commemorate
the King’s life being saved. Actually, it’s rather horrible when I’ve got a story about that …
you think about it, but it’s now an excuse to have fireworks, Talking about … that reminds me of the time I …
hot dogs and an outdoor party where you can keep warm. Reminiscing: It feels just like yesterday.
I can almost smell the scent.
SKILLS WORK (page 15)
Organising ideas: I was about to …
Activity 1a Commenting: Every cloud has a silver lining.
Student’s own answers. Next time I’ll think twice!
Activity 1b Activity 4a
1c, 2a, 3b, 4d 1 To begin with, 5 In the end,
Activity 1c 2 The thing is, 6 Luckily,
1b (fishing with grandfather), 2d (six years old) 3c (I felt so 3 Anyway, 7 Actually,
cosy and safe) 4a (You can get some detergent that’s meant 4 Obviously,
to replicate that outdoor smell but it’s nothing like the real
Activity 4b
thing!)
1 the thing is, 5 actually / amazingly
Activity 2a
2 To begin with 6 In the end
the sense of hearing 3 Anyway 7 Amazingly
Activity 2b 4 Obviously 8 In the end/Luckily
1✔ Activity 5a
2✔ 1 It doesn’t feel that long ago.
3 ✗ Music seems to be connected more to the subconscious 2 I can picture it so clearly.
mind.
3 It feels just like yesterday.
4 ✗ Smells recall individual memories, not shared
4 It brings back so many memories.
memories.
5✔ Activity 5b
Activity 3 Student’s own answers.
Suggested answer: Activity 6a
Whenever I hear the song ‘Red Red Wine’ sung by UB40 I Suggested answers:
am transported back to Laguna Beach when I was 15 years
old. I can hear not only the lulling music and rhythmic beat Things that might have gone
Situations
through my headphones but also the waves crashing down wrong
on the beach. As I listen to the words of the song I can
actually feel the sun on my skin and almost taste the strong a breakdown in extremely shy/aggressive/lack of
communication experience …
smell of sun cream. I vividly remember the smell of the cool
ocean breeze, the feel of hot sand beneath my feet and I can don’t speak language, bus/train
still see the surfers waiting for the next wave. I should listen problems on a
breaks down, all hotels booked, run
to ‘Red Red Wine’ more often! journey
out of money …
SPEAKING (pages 16-17) a disappointing unfriendly people, bad weather, not
Activity 1a holiday what expected …
3 colleague(s) made redundant,
unexpected work
Activity 1b broken photocopy machine,
problems
meeting rooms booked …
first-hand experience, conversational style, humour

170 THAT’S ENGLISH!

Activity 6b Activity 8b
Suggested answer: These ideas were mentioned: away from parents for the first
... as there wasn’t much traffic. In fact, it was quite time (Nicole), an accident or injury in childhood (Chelsi),
uneventful until we reached Austria. I can picture it all so being in a foreign country (George), observing how parents
clearly. The sky got darker and darker and great big flakes managed problems (Jameeka).
of snow began to fall. Obviously we all felt quite nervous Activity 9a
as we were driving up a mountain and it was an isolated
area. Luckily, we came upon a small hotel where we 1 Glen 3 Jameeka 5 Chelsi
stopped and they had rooms available. Would you believe 2 Nicole and George 4 Kristen
that there was a snowstorm and we had to spend five days Activity 9b
in the hotel? In the end we were only able to ski for two
1 and wrong’s wrong 4 being an outsider
days, but it was the best snow I have ever skied on. Thank
goodness all’s well that ends well. 2 by myself 5 develop empathy
3 struggled with
UNIT 2. LIFE-CHANGING EXPERIENCES Activity 10a
1 pick up 3 take on 5 work out
Learning from mistakes (pages 18-19)
2 drop off 4 breaks down 6 free up
Activity 1
Activity 10b
1 movements 2 customers 3 shopping 4 deliveries
1 struggle 3 being an outsider
Activity 2
2 by yourself 4 develop empathy
1 Omar is learning problem solving and people
management skills. He’s also learning effective logistics. Activity 11
2 The deliveries to the school and accountancy firm get Suggested answers:
mixed up. Omar redirects the drivers and gets the correct 1 I was an only child and very shy so I struggled with
orders ready for collection. meeting people and making friends when I first went to
school. That all changed when I was a teenager, though.
Activity 3
2 The first time I spent the night away from home by myself
1 ✔
was when I was about 12 and I went to Scout camp. I
2 ✗ He sends a taxi firm to pick up the delivery. remember lying in my tent and missing my parents and
3 ✔ brother.
4 ✔ 3 I really felt like an outsider when I worked for a big
5 ✗ He sends an empty van to Northampton to pick up American bank. Most of my colleagues were American
supplies. and there was a big cultural difference. I didn’t stay there
Activity 4 for long.
1 An accountancy firm and a school were going to be 4 Parents need to tell children to think about other people’s
affected. feelings and say things like, ‘How would you feel if …‘ if
2 He asks Bill not to deliver the package to the school. they want to help them develop empathy for others.
3 He asks Steve to come back to the office. READING (pages 20-21)
4 His manager gave him a counting frame.
Activity 1
Activity 5 Suggested answers:
1a, 2b, 3b, 4a 1 I’ve always found driving fast really enjoyable, but the
Activity 6 government’s recent road safety speed campaigns have
1 understaffed 3 it’s not rocket science made me more aware of the dangers and I now drive
much more carefully.
2 broaden his experience 4 sort this out
2 I’ve never found staying out all night an enjoyable
Activity 7 experience: I’m just exhausted after and it completely
Suggested answers: ruins the next day for me.
1 I once forwarded an email message to someone by 3 The last time I slept under the stars was with friends in a
mistake which contained a silly remark I had made about forest and it was such a pleasant experience. The evening
them. I was very embarrassed and now I never send breeze caressing my face, the sound of the animals
anything by email that I wouldn’t be happy for anyone in settling down for the night and the shooting stars made it
the office to read! all an unforgettable experience.
2 The big mistake I made when I started my new job was 4 I got lost in New York, which was a very frightening
being unrealistic about how much I could do. I made experience. I was afraid to ask people for help as I was in
promises I couldn’t deliver on and ended up working all a rough neighbourhood and the people didn’t look very
night to try and do what I said I would do. I’ve now learned friendly.
to be much more realistic and cautious and only say I can
5 Doing a parachute jump was both unforgettable and
do things by a certain time if I’m sure it’s possible.
exhilarating but I would never do one again!
Activity 8a 6 As a man, I’ve never given birth. But I imagine it’s both an
Student’s own answers. emotional and painful experience.

THAT’S ENGLISH! 171

Answer Key
Activity 2a Activity 1b
Suggested answer: 1 had hardly slept
Because it is highly competitive to get into university and 2 so I woke up
you have to stand out from the crowd. 3 have always worried
Activity 2b 4 ‘ve been trying to learn
1 ✔ 5 ‘s taking yoga
2 ✔ 6 seems to think relaxation
3 ✗ She says she has always been sceptical. 7 was sitting in the company reception area
4 ✔ 8 had been sitting there all morning
5 ✗ Kat vomited after drinking it. Activity 2a
6 ✔ 2b, 3a, 4e, 5a, 6d
7 ✗ Afterwards, we all had a private interview with a Activity 2b
shaman.
2 She can’t have met somebody special so fast.
8 ✗ The shamans were singing in the ceremony.
3 She shouldn’t have rushed into it so quickly.
Activity 3a 4 She might have found the man of her dreams.
Student’s own answers. 5 She could/might have decided to wear a ring because she
Activity 3b was travelling alone.
1 magical 3 harrowing 5 intense 6 You should have gone with her.
2 dreadful 4 calming 6 unsettling Activity 3a
Activity 3c 1 beginning 2 auxiliary
1 calming 3 dreadful 5 harrowing Activity 3b
2 unsettling 4 intense 6 magical 2 No sooner had we sat down to rest(,) than it started to
Activity 4a rain.
3 Hardly had we started to build a shelter(,) when we saw a
Thrilling Positive Negative light in the distance.
experiences experiences experiences 4 Not only could we see a light(,) but we could also hear
voices.
1
challenging 5
rewarding awful
7
5 But no sooner had we started walking towards the light(,)
2
adrenaline-filled 6
mystical weird
8
than it disappeared.
3
exhilarating
6 Hardly had we recovered from our disappointment(,)
4
hair-raising
when the light reappeared behind us.
Activity 4a
Activity 4b 1 what 3 how much 5 Is she?
Suggested answers: 2 who, what, when 4 Did you?
1 hair-raising / awful Activity 4b
2 magical / mystical / unforgettable 1 how much 4 who
3 rewarding / challenging / emotional 2 what 5 Do you?, Wouldn’t you?
4 exhilarating 3 what, where
5 unsettling / weird
Activity 5a
6 harrowing / challenging / awful / dreadful
1 rising 2 strong 3 falling
7 challenging / rewarding
Activity 5b
Activity 5
Student’s own answers.
Suggested answers:
2 A: I think the most rewarding experience of my life so far Out of this world experience (page 24)
was when I finished the Boston Marathon. I had trained Activity 1a
for one year and I was so proud when I finished.
Student’s own answers.
B: That’s amazing! That is definitely a memory to always
look back on. Activity 1b
3 A: For me, hang-gliding is always an exhilarating, learn Russian, learn spacecraft systems, learn to use the
adrenaline-filled experience. There’s something about stars as a map, weightless training, learn to carry out
the take-off that always takes my breath away. experiments she would do in space
B: Oh my gosh, I could never go hang-gliding with my fear Activity 2
of heights but I do have the same feeling as you when I
1a, 2b, 3b, 4c, 5c
go scuba diving.
Activity 3
LANGUAGE STUDY (pages 22-23) Suggested answer:
Activity 1a I work in IT services and what counts the most is your ability
1c, 2a, 3e, 4f, 5g, 6d, 7h, 8b with computers, so if you can demonstrate this and have

172 THAT’S ENGLISH!

a lot of experience, then I think you can always get a job. are physically unprepared for the harrowing conditions.
Having said that, I think all colleagues have a university Some clients expect to reach the summit no matter what,
degree. even if it means taking unnecessary risks.
Activity 4 Activity 4a
1 Canada 4 Jamaica 1 The first was the competition to provide the best ‘client
2 Australia 5 England experience’ by getting their clients to the summit; this
3 South Africa and Scotland 6 America meant the guides made bad decisions and took risks. The
Activities 5a and 5b second was a violent snowstorm.
2 He descended to rest, rehydrate and get supplies and
1 the African-American community
oxygen so he could go back and help the others descend.
2 a traditional 19th century apartment building
3 Krakauer believed that if Boukreev had stayed with the
3 jazz in the past, gospel music now
group, then his experience would have helped prevent
Activity 6 even more deaths.
a Activity 4b
1 music
2 dance Rob Hall (Adventure Anatoli Boukreev
3 writing Consultants) (Mountain Madness)
4 arts
5 real estate prices / property prices / house prices
1
extremely 2mountaineer 7
fit
b
3
really 4popular 8
fast
1 gospel music 2 musical 3 churches
5
build relationships 9
athletic
c 6
share his expertise 10
climber
1 community 2 school / high school / college
Activity 7 Activity 4c
Suggested answers: Suggested answer:
1 That’s easy! I’d give everything else up and study I can see why Boukreev was thought to be lazy if he
engineering. I wasn’t interested at all when I was younger, didn’t help his clients enough with things like putting
but I am now. It would mean I could continue working up their tents, providing moral support and creating a
where I am in the construction industry but have a much team atmosphere. But, in the end he managed to save
more interesting job. all the members of his team. If I had paid a lot of money
2 I think I would get a qualification as an aromatherapist. It’s for a trekking expedition, I would have been put out that
my hobby and something I’m really interested in, so I’d the organiser didn’t help out with the basic things like
love to learn more about it. I don’t think I would give up putting up tents. But when it comes down to it, it’s the
my job and work in aromatherapy full time, but I’d like to real experience that you want. If it weren’t for Anatoli’s
be qualified to treat people. expertise, strength and stamina all of the people on the
expedition would have died. Rob Hall was very personable
SKILLS WORK (page 25) but at the end of the day many people on his expedition
Activity 1 died. I don’t agree with the journalist at all.
Suggested answer:
… I am physically fit, which you need for both of these WRITING (pages 26-27)
professions and I imagine I would get addicted to the Activity 1
adrenalin-filled experience. However, I do think these 1 CV 3 competition 5 skills/qualifications
high-risk jobs would be hard on my family. I believe that
2 summary 4 concise 6 skills/qualifications
dedicated, focused and responsible individuals are the type
of people to do these jobs. Activity 2a
Activity 2 1 He’s looking for a mountaineering job, probably at a
managerial level, in a consultative capacity.
Suggested answer:
2 Skills: strong leadership skills, entrepreneurial skills
It is written that the reason why the 40 people who could
have stopped to help David Sharp didn’t do so was that Experience: experienced as a guide, expedition leader,
they would have put their own lives in danger. However, organiser, consultant, safety conscious, extensive
many people thought that it was more important to those 40 contacts, and client satisfaction
people to get to the top of Mt Everest than to help a dying Qualifications: IFMGA certification
man. Activity 2b
Activity 3 1b, 2c, 3a
Suggested answers:
Activity 3a
1 Because the human body can’t function normally at
8,000 m above sea level. It is impossible to survive more 2 high-end 6 career path
than 48 hours, even with an oxygen tank. 3 tenacious 7 results-oriented
2 Some effects of Mt. Everest commercialisation are that 4 proven track record 8 driven
trekking companies accept people on expeditions who 5 resilient

THAT’S ENGLISH! 173

Answer Key
Activities 3b and 3c Now looking for an opportunity to take my career to the
next level as Commercial Director. With my knowledge and
Professional terms Personal attributes experience, I could make a valuable contribution to your
company’s Formula 1 team.
in a consultative capacity tenacious
high-end companies
a proven track record
resilient
driven
UNIT 3. LAW AND ORDER
career path results-oriented I spy with my little eye (pages 28-29)
meet/miss a deadline conscientious Activity 1a
gain invaluable insight into innovative
2
pursue a career in practical
well-rounded Activity 1b
meet/miss a deadline bribery, insider trading, selling information, cybercrime
Activity 2
Activity 4a 1 Because Danny thinks that passing over company
1 -ing form 4 apart from information is a white-collar crime and he doesn’t want to
2 having + past participle/past tense 5 thus go to jail.
3 after 2 Danny gives Richard false information about a client’s
marketing plan.
Activity 4b
1 Being highly motivated and driven, I am not afraid of Activity 3
challenges. 1 Richard suggests that Danny passes some information
2 I had gained some hands-on experience, thus improving about Danny’s client accounts to him.
my prospects. 2 Danny is shocked and worried at the idea of committing
3 Before starting my degree course, I took a gap year. a white-collar crime and refuses to accept Richard’s
4 While working part-time, I studied for my degree. / I proposal.
studied for my degree while working part-time. 3 Richard doesn’t agree that stealing information is a crime;
to him, it is just doing someone a favour.
5 Having studied programming at college, I have no
difficulty in working with computers. 4 Karen points out that stealing information is a serious
crime and can result in going to prison.
6 As well as gaining insight, I want to make a valuable
contribution. Activity 4
7 Besides having a proven track record in my field, I have 1✔
received two awards. 2 ✗ A former employee at Danny’s company was involved
8 Never missing a deadline, I have maintained a reputation in stealing information and faced criminal charges.
for excellence. 3 ✗ Danny passes on false information to Richard (about a
9 In addition to constantly exceeding expectations, I always marketing plan for one of his clients).
strive for perfection. / I constantly exceed expectations in 4 ✗ Danny’s reward is not only the satisfaction of having
addition to always striving for perfection. done the right thing, but also getting promoted.
Activity 5a Activity 5
Suggested answer: 1a, 2a, 3b, 4b
Who you are Activity 6
Qualifications: clean driver’s licence 1 white-collar crime 3 insider trading
Experience: extensive experience working on engines, 2 cracking down on 4 do time in jail
competition driver
Your skills and personal qualities Activity 7
communication, problem-solving and networking skills, White-collar criminals often end up in open prisons
results-oriented, team worker where they have quite a lot of freedom but perhaps they
could use the time better by teaching other prisoners to
What you could bring to the company/your career goals
read and passing on their IT skills. This is productive and
goal to work as a team manager, experience as a mechanic, engages the offender in the community and builds a sense
driver, team member of responsibility. However, it isn’t a good idea for some
Activity 5b offenders to mix with more anti-social prisoners so I think
Suggested answer: keeping non-violent offenders apart from serious criminals
is desirable as the former won’t be corrupted or harmed by
…Not only do I have extensive knowledge of engines
the more violent prisoners.
having worked for Renault dealerships and the Renault
Formula 1 team, but I also have first-hand experience as an Activity 8
international competition driver. 1 Student’s own answers.
As well as having excellent communication skills and 2 d (Glenn, Chelsi,Thierno, Stephen), e (Glenn) and f (Thierno)
being a results-oriented team worker, I also have strong
Activity 9a
problem-solving skills, allowing me to effectively manage
the commercial and technical aspects of the team. I would 1 Glenn, Chelsi, Thierno and Stephen 4 Chelsi
be able to obtain sponsorships with my solid networking 2 Robert and Glenn 5 Thierno
skills and contacts. 3 George

174 THAT’S ENGLISH!

Activity 9b
1 that’s over the top 3 it’s more than justified
2 That’s a tricky one
Activity 10a
1b, 2c, 3a
Activity 10b
1 white-collar crime 5 Insider trading
2 that’s over the top 6 Doing time in jail
3 cracking down on 7 it’s a tricky one
4 is more than justified
Activity 10c
Suggested answers:
1 I feel it’s more than justified to expect criminals to pay
some compensation to their victims.
2 Punishments such as long prison sentences are over the
top for non-violent crimes, something like community
service or probation would be more appropriate.
3 In cases where it’s just someone’s word against another
person’s it’s a tricky one, but the judges are experienced
in knowing if someone is telling the truth.
Activity 11
Generally speaking, crime can’t be justified but
sometimes there are circumstances which should be
taken into account. Such as if a family member assists
a terminally ill person to end their life as it is very
distressing if someone asks for your help when they are
suffering. It would be very difficult to refuse and if the
ill person writes a statement that they wish to die and
has it witnessed by a doctor or lawyer, then the helper
shouldn’t be prosecuted.
Each case should be judged on the facts because in some
cases there are valid reasons why the offender committed
the crime even though it was technically illegal.
READING (pages 30-31)
Activity 1
Suggested answers:
1 I think that crime is definitely increasing.
2 I live in the centre of Madrid and it’s possible to be
pick-pocketed or have your house broken into. There isn’t
a lot of violent crime. Now there is more graffiti, more
gangs and drug use.
Activity 2
1c, 2e, 3f, 4g, 5b, 6a, 7d
Activity 3
1 £670 million was stolen through online fraud last year.
2 Heroin addicts were responsible for 50% of crime from
the early 80s.
3 51% of the population have been affected by online crime.
4 Since 2005 the majority of drug users have died or
recovered.
5 In the 70s there was a huge rise in thefts from cars.
6 By the late 90s thefts from cars were increasingly rare as
car alarms became standard.
7 Only 32% of online crime victims had reported it.
8 47% of victims didn’t know where to report online
crime.
THAT’S ENGLISH!
Activity 4
Suggested answers:
1 In general, people do not feel like crime has decreased
but that it is actually rising. (‘Stop anyone in the street in
Britain and ask them about the crime rate and the answer
will invariably be it is rising.’)
2 It caused a rise in non-violent crime as it was easy to
commit the crime. For example, breaking into a car.
[‘Acquisitive crime (based on obtaining money, rather
than acts of violence) such as burglary and car theft rose
rapidly in the 1980s alongside a dramatic increase in the
use of heroin and unemployment.’]
3 Some researchers believe that there is more crime when
it is easy to commit that crime. There is less crime if
there are more preventative measures like car or house
alarms. (‘Some researchers believe acquisitive crimes rise
when the opportunity to commit them is facilitated and
decreases when there are better deterrents.’)
4 It has been discovered that the lead in petrol contributes
to antisocial behaviour and brains are vulnerable to
damage. (‘The idea is that the removal of lead from petrol
has reduced anti-social behaviour in young people, as
research indicated that developing brains were especially
vulnerable to damage from lead.‘)
5 It keeps them occupied and off of the streets. Rather than
doing acts of vandalism they are now using their mobiles,
tablets and computers and following social media.
(‘Vandalism and anti-social behaviour in teenagers is
thought to be due to the rise in the use of smart phones
and computer gaming. Rather than be on the streets
causing trouble young people entertain themselves on
social media.’)
6 The government is investing more money in fighting
cybercrime. They have also created a UK fraud centre
called Action Fraud. [‘Subsequently the government is
devoting more resources to fighting cybercrime and
publicising Action Fraud’ (the UK fraud centre).]
7 People who start off cheating in online games often start
to commit more serious Internet crimes. (‘Interestingly,
recent research shows that people who commit
cybercrime often begin by cheating in online role-playing
games. Although stealing gold in computer games seems
trivial it has been shown to lead to more serious crimes.’)
8 The author feels that it is not possible to determine if the
crime rate is increasing or decreasing until new or existing
online crimes have been investigated more thoroughly
and more people begin to report online crimes. (‘Until
modern crime developments are accurately reported and
prevented, that question cannot be answered.’)
Activity 5a
drug dealing, burglary, scams, phishing, cyber bullying,
harassment
Activity 5b
1 scam 3 burglary 5 harassment
2 phishing 4 drug dealing 6 cyber bullying
Activity 5c
1 Burglary 3 harassment 5 drug dealing
2 cyber bullying 4 phishing 6 scam
Activity 6
1 … receptive. Parents should try and monitor what
their children are doing online, perhaps by having the
175
Answer Key
computer in the lounge and not in the bedroom. There 3 cyber bullying /ˈsaɪbə(r)/ /ˈbʊliɪŋ/
are many apps nowadays to help parents protect their 4 intimidation /ɪntɪmɪˈdeɪʃ(ə)n/
children by blocking certain functions, certain numbers or 5 assassination /əˌsæsɪˈneɪʃ(ə)n/
SMS messages.
6 manslaughter /ˈmænˌslɔːtə(r)/
2 ... just delete the email. Those emails try to get our debit
7 community service /kəˈmjuːnəti/ /ˈsɜː(r)vɪs/
or credit card numbers, our bank account number, even
our social security number. They tend to request personal 8 on probation /ɒn/ /prəˈbeɪʃ(ə)n/
information, contain attachments and links. Don’t open 9 suspended sentence /səˈspendɪd/ /ˈsentəns/
the attachments or click on the links or answer the email. 10 death penalty /deθ/ /ˈpen(ə)lti/
Make sure you use the anti-spam filter on your computer Activity 6
and have a good anti-virus program.
1 oughtn’t / ought not to have lied
LANGUAGE STUDY (pages 32-33) 2 shouldn’t / should not have done
Activity 1 3 ought to have acted
1 have been charged 12 could have been prevented 4 oughtn’t / ought not to leave
2 had been arrested 13 are being increased 5 should be
3 was found 14 is guarded 6 should have got
4 were released 15 will be spent Activity 7
5 were seen 16 will have been completed 1 has been arrested 7 scam
6 were being filmed 17 we‘ll never suffer 2 is known to be 8 intimidation
7 were criticised 18 are to be released 3 petty crime 9 should have
8 had been triggered 19 was to have been rewarded 4 was convicted 10 was set up
9 had announced 20 is being looked 5 drug dealing 11 had been downloaded
10 must be found 21 will (soon) be caught 6 was believed 12 Copyright infringement
11 have lost
Putting things right (page 34)
Activity 2
Activity 1
… It is believed that Mack is on the run in Ireland. He
is known to have committed / It is believed that he has No, I don’t think they get enough support from the justice
committed several bank robberies this year. He is thought to system. However, in my hometown and all over England
get help / It is believed that he gets help from his extended there is a huge charity that gives support to victims of
family there. Mack is estimated to have stolen / It is believed crime. It has been around for years. But I do find it sad that a
that Mack has stolen over £1 million in banknotes recently. charity had to be created in order for victims to get the help
He is expected to change / It is believed that he will change they need and deserve.
his appearance through plastic surgery. Mack is believed to Activity 2
be too clever to ever be caught. / It is believed that he is
1c, 2a, 3d, 4b
too clever to ever be caught. He is said to have hidden / It
is believed that he has hidden a fortune in gold in Ireland. Activity 3
He is understood to have bribed / It is believed that he has 1 It was introduced because victims of crime often feel
bribed police officers to protect him in the past. ignored and under-represented.
Activity 3a 2 It benefits victims by giving them an opportunity to meet
3 the offender, explain how they feel about the crime, and
get answers to their questions.
Activity 3b 3 It isn’t compulsory because if the offender isn’t willing to
1 Domestic abuse 5 shoplifting contribute, it will harm the victim and do no good for the
2 assault 6 copyright infringement offender.
3 manslaughter 7 intimidation 4 Viv felt sorry for the burglar because she realised that he
4 petty crime 8 assassination was really frightened.
Activity 4a 5 Taking part enables criminals to explain their actions,
apologise, understand the impact of their offence and
1 death penalty 5 suspended sentence
helps them not to commit crime in the future.
2 fined 6 prison sentence
3 community service 7 on parole Activity 4
4 on probation 8 life sentence Absolutely not. How would our society function without
traffic laws, property laws, etc.? It would be complete chaos
Activity 4b without them.
1 on probation 5 prison sentence
Activity 5
2 suspended sentence 6 death penalty
1d, 2c, 3e, 4a, 5f, 6b
3 fined 7 life sentence
4 on parole 8 community service Activity 6
Activity 5 2
1 infringement /ɪnˈfrɪndʒmənt/ Activity 7
2 harassment /ˈhærəsmənt/ 1✔

176 THAT’S ENGLISH!

2✔ Activity 6
3 ✗ Their main problem is getting people to understand that ... Brazil, you can see that there is no relation between gun
not all police officers are bad and they are trying to take ownership and safety.You must be 25 years old to buy a gun
care of the community. in Brazil, you can’t carry it out of your house and you must
4 ✗ Beacon Hill is an affluent area. have a licence. Every three years the owner pays a fee to
5 ✗ Boston is very close to Harvard, one of the most register the gun. Despite these precautions, 36,000 people
prestigious universities in the world. were killed by firearms in 2010. If guns were made illegal the
6 ✗ Even if you are a strong athlete, you first need to learn terrible crime rate in Brazil would surely decrease.
how to balance the shell/boat.
SPEAKING (pages 36-37)
Activity 8
Activity 1
Many laws connected with driving and parking are unfair
Serious crimes: dangerous driving, computer hacking
because they seem to be a way of making money out of
drivers − for example, if you are caught on camera stopping Minor offences: dropping litter, shoplifting, vandalism
in the middle of a road junction. In fact, the traffic is often so Activity 2a
busy in places that it’s impossible not to stop. One council in dangerous driving
London makes £4 million a year from 2 junctions like that!
I’d like to see changes such as reducing parking fines and Activity 2b
not allowing fines from cameras at road junctions. They 1 with 3 with 5 that 7 about
could control the traffic better by putting in a roundabout. 2 with 4 on 6 over 8 on
SKILLS WORK (page 35) Activity 2c
Activity 1 1d, 2b, 3a, 4c
Student’s own answers. Activity 3
Activity 2 1 with 2 with 3 on 4 that 5 with 6 over
The writer has a positive attitude. Activity 4a
Activity 3 1 So do I 4 I couldn’t agree more
a There is one gun for every single person in the US. 2 Neither do I 5 I’m with you on that
b In some years in Japan the death rate from gun crime is 3 Me neither
as low as two. Activity 4b
c In 2008 the US had over 12,000 deaths from gun crime. b
d In 2008 Japan had 11 deaths from gun crime.
Activity 5a
e Japan introduced a law in 1958 forbidding the possession
of firearms. They are discussing the case of a teacher that had a
f There are 300 million firearms in the US. relationship with one of his students.

Activity 4 Activity 5b
1✔ 2 I agree with you up to a
2 ✗ There is very little gun crime in Japan. Partial agreement point but …
3✔ 6 I know what you mean but …
Activity 5a 5 I don’t really see it like that
1 strict 2 relaxed 3 relaxed 4 strict myself.
Partial disagreement
Activity 5b 7 Well, that’s one way of
looking at things.
Psych
Age Licence Further details 1 That’s absolute rubbish!
test
3 I can’t go along with you
1 25 Yes Yes toy guns banned there.
Strong disagreement 4 Nonsense!
8 It’s true, I’m telling you!
unlimited hunting guns;
Doesn’t Doesn’t 9 You must be joking!
2 Yes other types of guns
say say
permitted e.g. antiques
Activity 6a
Student’s own answers.
No. two guns issued to men
Permit over 18, completed Activity 6b
3 18 Yes
for some military service; can 1c, 2b, 3a
guns. carry in public places
Activity 7
Anika: Have you read about the case of cyber bullying in
automatic weapons
Doesn’t the news?
4 Yes Yes banned in 1996; police
say Phillip: Oh, the one where the young woman harassed
don’t carry guns.
someone with text messages? And she was given

THAT’S ENGLISH! 177

Answer Key
200 hours of community service as punishment? I Activity 7a
couldn’t agree more with the sentence as I feel that The majority were philosophical and only two speakers
it really wasn’t that big of a deal. expressed regret for things.
Anika: You must be joking! Harassment is a real issue. The
Activity 7b
poor girl has had to go to therapy.
Phillip: That’s rubbish Anika! She could have deleted the 1 Kirsten, Glenn, Chelsi, David, George and Borislav all
‘bully’ from her contacts any time. She didn’t have repeat ‘what’s done is done’ in their answer.
to read all of those messages. 2 David and George admit to feeling regret.
Anika: I’m with you on that. But maybe some young 3 David talks about a healing process for regret.
people don’t realise that’s an option. I think we need 4 Chelsi and Victor mention learning from mistakes.
to educate primary and secondary students on how 5 Nicholas thinks that regret is the worst of feelings.
to stay safe from cyber bullies.
Activity 8
Philip: So do I. But I still think that the sentence this bully
1 shouldn’t regret it 4 stand by it
got was excessive.
2 with that mindset 5 let things drop
UNIT 4. REGRETS… I HAVE A FEW 3 move on from 6 drop the leftovers
Activity 9a
No regrets (pages 38-39) 1 falling out 4 took offence
Activity 1 2 threw out 5 made up with
Suggested answers: 3 getting rid of
1 I agree. I could have learned how to play the piano and Activity 9b
speak French if I had taken it more seriously.
1e mindset 3b move 5c leftovers
2 I disagree. I think we all have regrets about something.
2a drop 4d by
3 I disagree. Fortunately I make a conscious effort to think
about whether I will have any regrets before making a big Activity 10
decision. Suggested answers:
Activity 2 1 Even though I’ve got some big regrets in my life – mainly
to do with wasted opportunities, I tend to spend less time
1 Aunt Flora refused to put her cats outside when Julia was
worrying about the past as I grow older.
visiting. She asked Julia to leave and they haven’t been in
contact since then. 2 I’m the kind of person who tends to worry, so it’s probably
true to say that I do spend time regretting things I have
2 She wants Julia to take a trip on the Orient Express so that
and haven’t done. I have the habit of thinking that I could
she doesn’t have any regrets.
have done things better and I worry about the impression
Activity 3 I’ve made on people.
1a, 2a, 3a, 4b, 5b, 6a
READING (pages 40-41)
Activity 4
Activity 1a
1 ✗ Bridget is happy that Julia did spend time with Aunt
1b, 2c, 3a
Flora over the last few months and that now she has
good memories and no regrets. Activity 1b
2 ✗ Julia has had lots of messages of condolence so Aunt 1 embalmed 3 soul 5 remains
Flora must have had many friends. 2 next life 4 bury 6 crypt
3✔
Activity 1c
4✔
1 bury 3 embalmed 5 soul
5 ✗ Aunt Flora leaves Julia all her money with the condition
2 crypt 4 Remains 6 next life
that Julia uses some of it to take a trip on the Orient
Express. Activity 2
6 ✗ He says that she was one of a kind. An article about the book ‘The American Way of Death’.
Activity 5 Activity 3
1 regretted doing 4 will/’ll never regret Suggested answer:
2 regret not having 5 will/’ll live to regret it She thought that the industry made funerals generally very
3 regretting expensive and that undertakers were prepared to exploit
and even lie to the relatives of the dead in order to make
Activity 6
greater profits.
Suggested answer:
Activity 4
It’s really easy to do or say things you might later regret
when you’re angry. So if possible, avoid it, walk away from Suggested answers:
the situation and wait until you’ve calmed down. Another 1 Being a communist, she was against the idea of making
good piece of advice for living a life free of regrets is not profit using people’s grief.
to procrastinate or put things off. Otherwise, time goes by 2 Undertakers pressured vulnerable relatives to choose
and you’ll regret to discover that it’s too late to do what you expensive funeral arrangements to prove how much they
wanted when you could. loved the deceased.

178 THAT’S ENGLISH!

3 The coffins were made with expensive materials like 3 I wish I didn’t smoke. / I wish I hadn’t given up my studies
marble, bronze, ebony and silk. so early.
4 They claimed that it was better for public health and it 4 Sometimes I think, if only I was less stubborn, my life
psychologically helped the mourners. would be a lot easier.
5 It forced the government to make new laws to help protect Activity 4a
people.
Student’s own answers.
Activity 5
Activity 4b
2 funeral 6 undertaker
3 cremation 7 grief 1 pass away, passing 5 condolence cards
4 coffin / casket 8 mourning 2 loved one, the deceased 6 show support
5 grave 9 the deceased 3 the bereaved 7 loss
4 grieving 8 heartfelt sympathies
Activity 6
1 funerals 4 mourning 7 grave Activity 4c
2 deceased 5 undertakers 8 buried 1 passed away 5 bereaved
3 corpse 6 coffin 9 cremated 2 heartfelt sympathy 6 deceased
Activity 7 3 show our support 7 grieving
4 condolence / sympathy card 8 loss
Suggested answers:
2 I’m Vietnamese and I practise Buddhism. Before a loved Activity 5a
one is buried, a lucky date must be chosen. The funeral the second version
lasts three days; day one the deceased is put into a casket,
day two visitors come to mourn and on day three the
Activity 5b
casket is buried. The family has a special celebration to 1 Please accept our heartfelt sympathies for your loss. ➚
honour the deceased 49 and 100 days after the funeral. 2 We are thinking of you at this difficult time. ➚
There are many more parts to the funeral such as 3 I’m so sorry to hear of your loss. ➚
cremation, incense burning and the presence of monks.
Activity 6a
3 I would like my life to be celebrated by my closest
family and friends spreading my ashes in the Pyrenees 2 not getting into a course (possibly at university)
Mountains, where I have some of my best memories. 3 losing an apartment
4 At my funeral I would like to have a traditional Catholic 4 closure of a business
mass, but with a lot of singing. Afterwards I would like to
Activity 6b
have a celebratory luncheon at my favourite restaurant for
all of my family and closest friends paid by me. It would 1 regret, inform, no longer 3 Unfortunately
be therapeutic for my loved ones if everyone stood up 2 sorry, unsuccessful 4 with regret
and told a favourite story about me. Activity 7
LANGUAGE STUDY (pages 42-43) Suggested answers:
Activity 1a A: I regret to tell you that your request for a bank loan has
been denied.
1 b, f 2 a, c, d, e
B: You mean that I won’t be able to buy a flat?
Activity 1b
A: Unfortunately your credit rating isn’t very solid and you
1 simple past 2 had haven’t had a stable job for two consecutive years.
Activity 2 B: Oh, I’m heartbroken. I so wanted to move out of my
1 didn’t talk 7 hadn’t complained rental apartment.
2 could 8 had spent Saving the Earth (page 44)
3 got on, with 9 hadn’t moved in
Activity 1a
4 had 10 had been
1 Climate, patterns
5 didn’t live 11 had learned
6 didn’t spend 12 had listened, talked 2 Habitat, grow, destroyed
3 Invasive, environment, dominate, species
Activity 3a
4 Poaching, hunting, fur
1 past 2 more
5 Deforestation, cut down
Activity 3b
Activity 1b
1 not having been, not having tried
The success story is the reintroduction of the short-haired
2 working, missing bumble bee to the UK.
3 not expressing
4 not staying in touch
Activity 2
5 not having let 1 half, next 100 years 4 one million, go extinct
2 10,000, single year 5 97%, wildflower meadows
Activity 3c
3 more than half, past 40 years
Suggested answers:
2 I regret having studied business. I think I would have been Activity 3
much happier working as a primary teacher. Student’s own answers.

THAT’S ENGLISH! 179

Answer Key
Activity 4
1 In New Zealand the speaker regrets that anybody with
enough money is allowed into the country; she thinks that
having people with skills is more important. In Australia,
the speaker regrets the way that people who want to
immigrate are treated.
2 The UK and the US. In the US, the speaker regrets that
the law which kept commercial and investment banks
separate was revoked because he thinks it was the cause
of the 2008 economic crisis. In the UK, the speaker regrets
cuts in public spending, especially for healthcare.
3 The speaker from Canada talks about shame in relation to
the way the Native Americans were treated.
4 The speaker from India regrets that India was divided on
the basis of what languages people spoke in the different
regions when it became independent.
Activity 5a
Student’s own answers.
Activity 5b
food supplies, water supplies, disease (dysentery), (very)
hot weather, Native Americans
Activity 6
1b, 2b, 3a, 4a, 5b
Activity 7
Suggested answer:
I regret how much everybody has become attached to
technology and their mobile phones. I think it’s had an
effect on the way people communicate with each other
and if I could change anything, I would like that to be less
important.
SKILLS WORK (page 45)
Activity 1
Student’s own answers.
Activity 2a
Suggested answers:
1 … not having learned to live in the moment and be
grateful for what he has while he has it.
2 … buying an expensive apartment.
3 … not having helped a teenage girl she saw out in the
street on a cold, rainy evening.
Activity 2b
1 ✔
2 ✗ He says he doesn’t regret living life to the fullest.
3 ✗ She wishes she had followed her own instincts.
4 ✔
5 ✔
6 ✗ She was frightened of the unknown and not knowing
what to do.
Activity 3a
3
Activity 3b
a The 12 negative emotions of which regret is the most
beneficial.
b Regret is the second most commonly expressed
emotion.
c A quarter of the people who buy their own homes regret
having done so.
180
Activity 4
Suggested answers:
1 … I’m not so stubborn about always being right. I really
should have apologised the very next day. Another thing
that I regret is not having gone to my grandmother’s
funeral when she passed. It would have meant a lot to my
grandfather if I had been there.
2 I regret not having travelled more. My mother always
told me, ‘Travel when you’re young!’ but it never
seemed to be a good time. Instead of traveling after
university I went straight to work and rather than use
all my holiday I worked in order to get promoted. I did
very, very well at my job and became the Vice President
of the company but all the travel I did was from one
business meeting in London to another in Japan. Now
that I’m older and retired I can’t climb Machu Picchu or
climb to the top of St Paul’s Cathedral. I should have
followed my mother’s advice and travelled for pleasure
when I was young.
WRITING (pages 46-47)
Activity 1
Student’s own answers.
Activity 2a
1 Jack is apologising to Nigel because he asked Camilla,
Nigel’s ex-girlfriend, or a girl he used to like / had a
relationship with, to a party and Nigel was upset about it.
2 He says he didn’t realise that Nigel still had feelings for
Camilla (I thought you had got over Camilla / I didn’t
realise you were still so into her)
3 The second email is less formal in style and uses informal,
colloquial expressions such as drop you a line, sort out
this mess, etc., which is the best for writing to a friend.
Activity 2b
1 Email 1: I owe you an apology, I am most truly sorry, I
hope you will be able to forgive me
Email 2: Sorry I haven’t been in touch, I’m really sorry if
you think I was out of order.
2 a to make up; b to put something behind you
3 (I’m) Sorry I haven’t been in touch; (I) Hope we can catch
up soon.
Activity 3a
1 On the other hand, maybe
2 Our friendship means a lot to me.
3 I am really sorry if you think I was out of order.
4 make up after the incident
5 I decided to drop you a line
6 I am really sorry
7 Perhaps I was a bit tactless.
8 I hope we can sort out this mess.
9 I just didn’t realise you were still so into her.
10 I should have realised how you felt, but I just didn’t.
Activity 3b
1 going 4 thinking 7 all
2 things 5 note 8 get
3 touch 6 sorry 9 up
Activity 4a
1 In reality 3 Anyway,
2 The thing is 4 On the other hand,
THAT’S ENGLISH!
Activity 4b 5 was thinking 13 couldn’t have seen
1 People say that I treated her badly, but in reality, that 6 had gone 14 were arrested
wasn’t what happened. 7 were sitting 15 were sentenced
2 It’s terribly sad that it had to end like this. Nevertheless, I 8 had gone / went
think it was inevitable given the circumstances.
Activity 2
3 I deeply regret what happened. On the other hand, it
1 intimidation 3 sentence 5 acquisitive
wasn’t entirely my fault.
4 The thing is, Freddie wants to go out with me. I didn’t tell 2 infringement 4 manslaughter 6 cybercrime
you before because I thought it might upset you. Activity 3
Activity 5a 2 Don’t forget your notebook. Otherwise, you’ll get into
Suggested answers: trouble in class.
3 Hardly had we got home when the storm started. / We
Reasons to had hardly got home when the storm started.
Event to Describe what 4 If only I had realised he was upset, I wouldn’t have
justify your
apologise for happened ignored him.
behaviour
5 He regrets having cheated in the exam yesterday. / He
I said some I had had too Explain I had drunk regrets cheating in the exam yesterday.
terrible things much to drink at too much. I was 6 A prize of €200 will be given to the best entry for the
to my friend. a party. I need less inhibited and competition. / The best entry for the competition will be
to apologise for said things I should given a prize of €200.
what I said. never have said. 7 I wish I had taken the job.
8 No sooner does he see a mistake than he has to make a
Activity 5b comment.
Suggested answers: 9 The bench in the park has been stolen.
Reason for writing and expected outcome 10 I regret to tell you that you haven’t obtained a grant for
getting in touch to apologise your research. / I’m sorry to tell you that you haven’t
hope we can make it up / (meet and) sort it out obtained a grant for your research.
What you regret Activity 4
regret drinking too much 2 He accused her of taking the money.
Explain or justify 3 He apologised (to them) for not replying / having replied
felt like really enjoying the party to the invitation.
can’t hold my liquor 4 She refused to leave the shop until she got a refund.
said things that are not true but it was alcohol talking 5 He/She denied telling / having told John the password.
Admit your fault 6 He/She threatened to call the police if the youths didn’t
know I can’t drink and shouldn’t have leave.
Apologise 7 He complained to me about the pollution in the city.
really sorry 8 He begged her to reconsider her decision.
please forgive me Activity 5
Hopes for the future 2 where 4 what, how much 6 Were they
let’s meet for a bike ride 3 Didn’t she 5 Has he 7 Has she
Activity 6 Activity 6
Suggested answer: 1 towards 5 with 9 along
... and I owe you an apology. You know that I can’t hold my
2 away 6 in 10 up
alcohol but I felt like celebrating on Saturday. Admittedly,
3 on 7 on 11 of
that was a very bad decision. Despite what I said to you, it
was the alcohol talking, not me. I regret having drunk that 4 for 8 on 12 with
whisky. I’m really sorry. How about meeting up for a bike Activity 7
ride this week? Please accept my apologies. 1b, 2c, 3e, 4a, 5f, 6d, 7h, 8g
Your buddy,
1 bucket list 5 death penalty
Joe
2 suspended sentence 6 track record
REVISION 1 3
4
attention-grabbing
hair-raising
7
8
loved one
drug dealing
LANGUAGE REVISION (pages 48-49) Activity 8
Activity 1 1 petty 6 rewarding
1 was nicknamed 9 was clearing 2 embalmed 7 Innovative
2 was known 10 entered 3 weird / unsettling 8 encouraging
3 had just returned 11 left 4 disappointing 9 short-term
4 was spending 12 had heard / heard 5 unsettling / weird 10 retentive

THAT’S ENGLISH! 181

Answer Key
Activity 9 Activity 8
1 buried 6 manslaughter Suggested answer:
2 sieve 7 jog ... my main employment to date has been in the finance
3 thereby 8 remains department of a global logistics company. I have had
4 scam 9 mourning extensive experience of working with accounting programs
5 diary 10 released and use Excel on a daily basis. As well as providing
administrative support to the department, I have also held
SKILLS WORK (pages 50-51) the position of personal assistant to the vice-chairman
Activity 1a which has given me valuable knowledge of dealing with
people and correspondence.
Student’s own answers.
Able to meet deadlines in a constantly changing
Activity 1b environment, I am very flexible and have a proven track
13 22 3 1, 2 41 5 1, 2 63 record in effectively completing projects on time. My ability
to think ahead and anticipate problems by offering creative
Activity 2
solutions is one of my strengths and I am always prepared
1a, 2c, 3c, 4a, 5b, 6c to go that extra mile to get a job done.
Activity 3a Now looking for the opportunity to be part of a team that has
1c (B) 2a (W) 3d (B) 4b (W) 5e (B) vision and hoping to use my skills to help you develop your
business. My interest is primarily in the opportunities that
Activity 3b
this post offers for professional advancement as I would like
1c, 2d, 3e, 4b, 5a to move on from administration into the field of business
Activity 4 management.
1 terribly 4 wish 7 warned
2 thing 5 hope 8 Actually UNIT 5. AGE IS NOTHING BUT A NUMBER
3 should 6 intend
As young as you feel (pages 52-53)
Activity 5b Activity 1
Suggested answer: I agree with the statement because people are living much
... He worked as a mechanic and although he wasn’t longer and healthier lives nowadays. So, whereas in the
well-paid, he had a stable job. past 60 was seen as being old, today many people in
Eight years previously, he’d had a bad car accident which their sixties are travelling all over the world and taking up
damaged two of the bones in his spine and left him with adventurous hobbies. They would say true old age is 80 or
constant back pain, so he had to take painkillers. The 90. If you feel young at heart, your actual age is irrelevant
doctor gave him a prescription for the medicines; as to how you live.
they were very strong, you couldn’t just buy them at the
chemist’s. Activity 2
Anyway, one day Charles met a man called Jerry in a 1 Danny thinks life was easier when his father was his age
bar and they became good friends. He noticed that Jerry because it was easier to get a job and rents were much
seemed to be in pain and suggested that he try the same lower.
medication he had been taking for the last eight years. 2 Danny is jealous of his father. Also, he doesn’t want
Jerry told him he didn’t have medical insurance to get Roxanne to take his mum’s place, and he has to work
a prescription for the drug, so Charles offered to sell harder than his father did.
him some of his own supply. But it all went pear-shaped Activity 3
because it turned out that Jerry was a police informant,
so when Charles took the money for the drugs he was 1 ✗ Danny is sarcastic and rude to his father when he tells
arrested and eventually sentenced to 25 years in prison. Danny he should be enjoying life at his age.
He obviously lost his job and his family now have no 2✔
money. 3✔
Personally, I think that the sentence was far too harsh. 4 ✗ He doesn’t; he’s just shocked by the news.
He wasn’t really a drug dealer and in many ways he was 5 ✗ He doesn’t; he tells Danny to relax and that there is no
tricked by Jerry to sell him the medicine. It’s not fair to put need to get anxious.
a man with a family to support and no other convictions
Activity 4
in prison for 25 years. I agree up to a point that the law
has to be followed, but I think he should’ve been given a 1 Anthony thinks Danny’s breakfast is very fattening.
suspended sentence and if he offended again he’d go to 2 Danny is upset/angry. He reacts by talking sarcastically
jail. about his father’s healthy breakfasts.
Activity 6 3 His aunt’s partner is fifteen years younger than she is.
4 It is positive because Anthony feels they are the happiest
1a, 2b, 3a, 4a, 5b
couple he knows.
Activity 7 5 Roxanne apologises because she thinks they were
1 Having 4 thus gaining insensitive in the way they told Danny about the baby.
2 As well as having 5 In relation to 6 Roxanne expected Steve to be against having a baby and
3 I don’t regret she was surprised that he was excited about it.

182 THAT’S ENGLISH!

7 Roxanne had eye problems and consulted Steve at the READING (pages 54-55)
eye clinic. Activity 1a
Activity 5 1 infancy 5 middle age
1a, 2b, 3b, 4b 2 childhood 6 old age (elderly)
Activity 6 3 youth 7 dotage
1 it was not really my thing 3 landed on his feet 4 young adulthood
2 It takes one to know one. 4 worked up Activity 1b
Activity 7 Suggested answer:
To tell you the truth, I do often feel a lot of younger retired I completely agree with Gabriel García Márquez. My mother
people have landed on their feet because they were able is 80 and although her body has aged, mentally she still
to retire at 55 or 60 and now the retirement age has gone feels like a woman in her thirties.
up to 67 and even 70. That seems a huge jump. Also, those Activity 2a
younger retired people often have a lot of money to spend Stage 2: childhood, lines 7-9
on expensive holidays and leisure which I don’t think I will
Stage 3: youth, lines 9-11
have, as pensions are getting smaller. So, yes. I do feel
Stage 4: young adulthood, 11-16
envious at times.
Stage 5: middle age, lines 16-20
Activity 8 Stage 6: old age (elderly), lines 20-26
1 Student’s own answer. Stage 7: dotage, lines 26-29
2 a (Glenn, David, Thierno, Stephen, Tina, Samantha), c
Activity 2b
(David), d (Brandy)
1 Shakespeare uses a stage in a theatre to describe human
Activity 9a life. People are just actors in a performance. Each person’s
Glenn: yes life is like a play with seven acts or stages.
It’s the best he’s ever been. 2 The boy’s attitude is rather negative. The boy is described
Nicole: no as ‘whining’ which shows he is miserable and complaining
She would like to speed it up a few years and be finished about going to school. He ‘creeps like a snail’, i.e. walks
with education. very slowly as he goes ‘unwillingly’ to school.
Brandy: no 3 The young man in love is sad: he’s sighing like the wind
and singing sad songs.
She would like to be younger and have fewer responsibilities.
4 The soldier is shown as boastful, quick to get angry, eager to
David: yes
defend his honour, quick to fight even when he is in danger.
He is no longer naive and dumb but he can still enjoy the
5 The judge seems to enjoy eating and talking. He is
simple things in life.
portrayed as fatter, less vigorous, calmer and wiser and
Thierno: yes more serious about life.
He feels he is now a man at 30 and is proud of it. 6 The old man is described as being very thin: his stockings
Stephen: yes are far too big − ‘a world too wide‘ for his thin legs − ‘his
He doesn’t regret getting older. He feels getting older is a shrunken thighs’. Shakespeare also makes fun of the old
beautiful experience. man’s voice which used to be big and manly, but is now
Tina: yes very high and ‘turning again to childish noises’.
She takes time to appreciate life. 7 Shakespeare seems to find stage seven a sad one as
Samantha: yes he uses the term ’oblivion’ to show how the man’s life
She feels she has plenty of time ahead and can do things becomes nothing and he loses every aspect of his senses
and finally everything, even his life.
she wants to do.
Activity 3a
Activity 9b
1 few find it comfortable
1 turned 2 coming of age 3 gift
2 as well as less toxic gold
Activity 10a 3 hardly rocket science!
a3, b1, c2 4 but these results have not yet been replicated
Activity 10b 5 no doubt these will continue
1 coming of age 5 it’s not really my thing Activity 3b
2 turned 6 It takes one to know one 1b, 2a, 3b, 4a, 5a
3 gift 7 worked up Activity 4a
4 landed on his feet a school reunion
Activity 11 Activity 4b
At times I’d like to return to being at high school because 1d, 2e, 3a, 4b, 5f, 6c
I used to have great fun with my close friends and spend
hours chatting and joking but now I’m so busy and stressed Activity 4c
I hardly see my friends. I didn’t realise how much freedom 1 a ripe old age 4 going gaga
we had to waste time and not worry about how to pay the 2 in the bloom of youth 5 knee-high to a grasshopper
bills. 3 the wrong side of 40 6 in the prime of life

THAT’S ENGLISH! 183

Answer Key
Activity 5 Activity 6a
Suggested answers: The people are in their 90s and are doing very adventurous
2 I think adulthood, specifically late 30s and early 40s is the things.
prime of life. You are still young and fit enough to travel Activity 6b
and enjoy life but not as naïve and inexperienced as those
1a, 2b
in the bloom of youth.
3 On the days when I feel overweight and stressed out with Activity 6c
work and responsibilities, I would say yes. 1 Not at all 4 Whatsoever, at all
4 I don’t think living past 85 is desirable. You would most 2 At all 5 Whatsoever, at all
likely have poor health and problems with your memory. 3 Whatsoever, not at all
LANGUAGE STUDY (pages 56-57) Activity 7
Activity 1a 2 The teenagers weren’t bothered at all by the loud music.
The best and worst thing about being the age you are. 3 Nothing whatsoever prepares you for having a baby.
4 No one at all found the exam easy.
Activity 1b
5 We had no rain whatsoever last month.
1 don’t have to 5 had to 9 ’ll have to
6 We have no time whatsoever left. / We have no time left at
2 don’t need to 6 didn’t have to 10 ’ll need to all.
3 have to 7 need to 7 Nobody at all had seen the accident.
4 needed to 8 won’t have to 8 She was not at all pleased with the results.
Activity 1c Activity 8a
Sally is feeling stressed as there is a lot to do before the
Present Present lack Present
party.
obligation of obligation necessity
Activity 8b
don’t have to 1 doing 3 needs to be 5 no need
have to need to
don’t need to 2 needs 4 needs to be
Activity 8c
Past lack
Past obligation Past necessity 1 doing 4 to bother 7 to worry
of obligation
2 be replaced 5 removing
had to didn’t have to needed to 3 fixing 6 be raised

Future Future lack Future When I’m 64 (page 58)

obligation of obligation necessity Activity 1
Many retired people I know play golf and have joined many
will have to won’t have to will need to activity clubs. In fact, I can think of different people I know
who do each these activities, apart from playing in a band.
Activity 2 Activity 2
1 didn’t have to 5 don’t have to 9 won’t have to 1b, 2d, 3a, 4c
2 had to 6 need to 10 will need to
Activity 3
3 needed to 7 don’t need to
4 have to 8 will have to 1 Newly retired people.
2 George’s group are not goal-oriented; they are not
Activity 3a interested in focusing on achievements and producing
1 She is satisfied with her life at present. winners. They welcome people who come from all walks
2 She is dissatisfied with her past life. of life, including those who just want to enjoy taking
Activity 3b exercise.
3 A quarter of the UK population will be over 65 by 2030.
1 didn’t need to 2 needn’t have wasted
4 The two key factors are having good health and enough
Activity 3c financial resources (‘your health and your wealth’).
1b, 2a 5 People worry about poor health, boredom and loneliness.
Activity 4 6 Chris feels people shouldn’t lump people all together,
that is treat all older people the same, as everyone is an
1 didn’t need to take 4 needn’t have bothered
individual until the day they die.
2 needn’t have done 5 needn’t have done
7 Chris thinks that the things that she used to be hung up
3 didn’t need to go 6 didn’t need to paint on when she was younger, the things that used to worry/
Activity 5 bother her, have disappeared so she is happy as she is.
1 Everyone gets, no one is 5 Few, know She also has a more positive attitude to life.
2 anyone, tell 6 nobody, cares; nothing, is Activity 4
3 More, is 7 None, makes Unemployment is a major problem as there aren’t enough
4 several, are 8 Little, is training opportunities in practical jobs, like building and

184 THAT’S ENGLISH!

engineering. Additionally, young people who want to go to Activity 4
university now have to pay huge fees and they then start Suggested answer:
their careers with an enormous debt. It’s also very difficult … are when you’re in the prime of life. To tell you the truth,
for young people to afford to buy their own home as they being a teenager can be an anxious time, but by your late
can’t save enough to pay the large deposit required. 20s you’ve hopefully grown in confidence and feel sure of
Activity 5 your own identity. You don’t only feel more confident but
1e; 2d; 3a,d; 4f; 5b,d; 6d; 7d; 8c your mind is sharp and you tend to be open to new ideas.
Oh! And don’t forget that you’re probably fit! All of these
Activity 6 things make it ideal to travel. On the downside, people in
Student’s own answer. their late 20s or early 30s don’t always have a lot of money,
Activity 7 so travelling first class probably isn’t an option.
1✔ SPEAKING (pages 60-61)
2 ✗ They used to be happy to sleep under the stars or in Activity 1a
small tents but now they expect more comfort.
2
3✔
4✔ Activity 1b
5 ✗ There are many different kinds in spring, summer and Suggested answer:
fall. I don’t agree that ‘youth is wasted on the young’. I enjoyed
6 ✗ The difficulties are due to the tide and the wind. being a child, a teenager and a young adult. And now I am
7✔ enjoying being a 65-year-old retired engineer. Your life is not
over when you begin to age and it’s not natural to want to
Activity 8 stay young and beautiful forever.
On the whole I think young people have physically easier Activity 2a
lives than in the past because they start work at a later age.
For example, my great-grandparents left school at 14 to 1 For a college project: to find out their views on being young.
start work and had no access to higher education whereas 2 Speaker 2
now, many students don’t finish their education until their 3 Speaker 1
mid-twenties. Also, people can delay starting a family but in Activity 2b
the past, many women had had 5 or 6 children by the time
1 hard 5 truth 9 time
they were 30. I think young people have greater freedom
and fewer responsibilities in many ways than in the past, 2 precise 6 run 10 rule
despite other pressures. 3 do 7 account 11 large
4 whatsoever 8 things
SKILLS WORK (page 59) Activity 2c
Activity 1 Expressing tentative opinions
Cher thought the man was being not only sexist but also I’m in two minds about
ageist. To the best of my knowledge
Activity 2a In my humble opinion
1d, 2e, 3b, 4a, 5c Expressing strong opinions
Activity 2b There’s no doubt in my mind
1 No she didn’t. Considering other points of view
But then again
2 The reading of the poem Warning inspired Sue Ellen to
give her friends red hats on their fiftieth birthdays. They All the same
would go out to tea wearing red hats and purple outfits. Making generalisations
3 She feels that women need encouragement to enjoy life Typically
and have fun as they get older. Activity 3
4 She promised to get a red hat tattoo if the number of 2 But thenagain 6 There’s no doubtin my mind
chapters reached 10,000 because she thought it would
3 Byand large 7 Mostof the time
never happen.
4 Butin the long run 8 Asa rule
5 Attitudes are changing because there is a growing number
of senior citizens and they have spending power and 5 I’min two mindsabout
political views which cannot be ignored by governments Activity 4a
or businesses. 2
Activity 3a Activity 4b
1 ✔
1 Can you imagine how different life will be in 30 years’
2 ✗ Only women usually dress in traditional clothes. time?
3 ✔ 2 Have you thought about how much we develop from
4 ✗ In the past the ceremony used to signify being ready for birth?
marriage and adult responsibilities, but not now.
3 Has everyone realised they need to prepare for retirement
Activity 3b now?
Student’s own answers. 4 Will you have different problems in 20 years’ time?

THAT’S ENGLISH! 185

Answer Key
Activity 5a Karen suggests doing something more modern, such as
1d, 2g, 3a, 4c, 5i, 6h, 7f, 8e, 9b an Internet proposal.
2 Bridget has a lot of work to do and does a lot of overtime
Activity 5b
with very little time off.
The expressions used to show the sequence are: g, i, f, b
Activity 3
Activity 6a
1 a going down on one knee
Suggested answer: b proposing like Mr Darcy does
1 three stages: childhood, young adulthood and dotage c asking Bridget’s father for permission to marry her
2 Childhood: parenting, to be provided with shelter, d proposing by internet
healthcare and education, good diet
e a singing proposal
Young adulthood: self-sufficiency, have a job, possibly a
f putting a ring in a glass of champagne
relationship
2 She says that she would be betraying their dearest friend
Dotage: constant medical care and supervision, family
visits Bridget.
3 dotage; must have someone to monitor your health 3 It’s too old fashioned for the 21st century.
4 emotional and financial support, regular visits from family 4 An internet proposal.

Activity 6b Activity 4
Suggested answer: 1✔
What is the most challenging stage of life? Infancy? 2 ✗ She finds it difficult to take time off.
Adolescence? 3 ✗ She interrupts Anthony’s proposal because she has hay
In this talk I’m going to focus on childhood, young adulthood fever and she can’t be in the countryside.
and dotage. I certainly do feel that childhood should be a 4 ✗ Anthony takes Bridget there because he thinks it will be
time of fond memories and physical and mental growth romantic to propose to her in an old church.
but we must also take into account that all children must 5 ✗ Anthony drops the ring when he bumps into the
be provided with shelter, healthcare and education and a photographer.
good diet. Moving on to young adulthood … unlike children, 6 ✗ Bridget proposes to Anthony by texting him.
young adults are generally self-sufficient. Some will have to
Activity 5
compete for a good job, even sacrificing a relationship for
their career. 2 help themselves 5 takes a break
And last but not least, of all the stages of life I feel that 3 on the house 6 made for each other
dotage is the most challenging. This is becoming a very 4 doing overtime
important issue as longevity increases. Typically the Activity 6
declining elderly need someone to make sure that they
are properly taken care of as they are unable to look Suggested answer:
after themselves. Both emotional and financial support I sold my house at just the right time because the market was
needs to come from family and friends, which is why it strong and I got a really good price for it. If I’d waited longer
is very important that they are visited on a regular basis. I would have been affected by the economic recession. It
As a rule, the government should provide a subsidy for would have been much more difficult to find a buyer and
nursing and medical care and medicine to take some of I would have had to accept a much lower price. Because I
the stress off the sandwich generation. It is impossible for sold at the right time, I made a profit of more than €50,000
families to support their children and parents at the same and I was able to move to Barcelona.
time. I’d like to finish off with a quote from Daniele Petrie, Activity 7a
‘Yes, the experience of all stages of life are valuable, not
1 Student's own answers.
just youth’.
2 The majority prefer informal celebrations.
UNIT 6. MIND YOUR MANNERS Activity 7b
1 Brandy and Nicholas 4 Nicholas
The right time (pages 62-63) 2 Nichole, Victor, Stephen and George 5 Brandy
Activity 1 3 Chelsi 6 Thierno
Suggested answers: Activity 8
1 For me, an ideal romantic marriage proposal would be in
1 a fan of 4 against the grain
my favourite place (the mountains), at my favourite time
of day (sunrise or sunset). Since I’m not usually up at 2 be about me 5 I live by
sunrise, it would have to be sunset. 3 be held up 6 challenge for me
2 A perfect wedding for me would be informal but with lots Activity 9a
of people – all my friends and family, with nobody left out.
1 dressed up 4 conform
I would like the service to be outside in the summertime
and for there to be lots of music and dancing with a live 2 focused on 5 held up
folk band. 3 interacting
Activity 2 Activity 9b
1 Omar suggests asking Bridget’s father permission first, 2 challenge for me 4 to be about him
singing his proposal or taking her for a romantic dinner. 3 live by (the motto) 5 his own person

186 THAT’S ENGLISH!

Activity 10 2 People used French to indicate that they were refined and
Suggested answer: well-educated.
I love formal celebrations because they feel special and 3 People used to speak French to show how posh and clever
I don’t think there are enough of them anymore. I love it they were.
when everyone makes the effort to dress up and there’s a B
real sense of occasion. 1 The consumption of food is forbidden on the premises.
2 You are forbidden to consume food in the building.
READING (pages 64-65)
3 You aren’t allowed to eat in here.
Activity 1a
C
1 The language used in courtrooms by the judges, barristers
and jury is formal. 1 Prior to the discovery of penicillin, serious infections were
incurable.
2 A wedding can be informal or semi-formal, as it depends
on the guests: family, friends, work colleagues, contacts, 2 Before penicillin was discovered, it wasn’t possible to
etc. cure serious infections.
3 Work meetings and dinners are formal: the participants 3 Before we found out about penicillin, we couldn’t cure
probably don’t know each other and have no previous serious infections.
relationship. Activity 4b
4 The adult and child interaction is informal. 2 The French language was used
Activity 1b 3 It was impossible to cure
1d, 2c, 3a, 4b 4 Prior to the discovery of penicillin
5 refined and well-educated
Activity 1c
Formal words: similar to Spanish (cognates) are all of Latin LANGUAGE STUDY (pages 66-67)
origin: express, gratitude, assistance, permission, conclude, Activity 1a
opinion, soliciting, final
2 a customer, formal 4 a colleague, informal
Informal: bye-bye, thank you for coming, it’s been great to
3 her boss, formal
have you with us
Activity 2a Activity 1b
1 Can you 5 Do you mind
1
2 Would you mind 6 Is it OK
Activity 2b
3 you would like 7 Do me a favour
1 They come from the French, which was the language of 4 Could you possibly
the ruling class, government and politics.
2 Latin root words were spoken by the ruling class so those Activity 2
who use these words sound upper class and haughty. Suggested answers:
Anglo-Saxon root words are more common in everyday Situation 2:
spoken English. A: Do you mind if I use the meeting room tomorrow? I need
3 The word is government. somewhere quiet to make some phone calls.
4 Spanish speakers show deference by using the formal B: Very well, but make sure you leave it tidy. (formal)
form of ‘tú’ (‘you’), which is ‘usted’; English speakers A: Is it all right if I use the big meeting room tomorrow? I
show deference by using indirect language, passive voice need somewhere quiet to make some phone calls.
and noun phrases.
B: OK. I don’t see why not. (informal)
5 You will recognise a lot of the more formal Latin root
vocabulary and this will be to your advantage in more Situation 3:
formal situations such as business meetings or for A: Could you possibly make me a cup of coffee? I’d really
academic English. appreciate it.
6 Because she is so important that of course you should be B: Yes, of course. (formal)
pleased to meet her; it shouldn’t be necessary to say so. A: Do me favour and make me a cup of coffee. I’m exhausted.
Activity 3 B: OK then. (informal)
1 whilst Situation 4:
2 assimilate A: Would you mind taking a photo of us?
3 the only danger being that B: Yes, OK. (formal)
4 inappropriate A: Could you take a photo of us, please?
5 the use of the passive B: Sure, no problem. (informal)
6 characteristic of Activity 3
7 they are better avoided 1d, 2b, 3e, 4a, 5c, 6g, 7h, 8f
8 to which it is essential to draw your attention
Activity 4
Activity 4a 2 After his departure, things improved considerably.
A 3 Prior to the discovery of America, tomatoes were not
1 The French language was used as a mark of refinement cultivated in Europe.
and erudition. 4 The loss of the contract was a great disappointment (to us).

THAT’S ENGLISH! 187

Answer Key
5 The division of the country into independent regions was ➚ ➘
a grave error. 6 On no account should you open the door.
6 The discussions were interminable. Activity 8d
Activity 5 Student’s own answers.
2 The meeting was postponed until tomorrow. Activity 9
3 It is assumed that the management will intervene if there Suggested answers:
is a problem. 2 A: Were you to just walk out on your job, you would
4 Staff numbers have been reduced. bitterly regret it.
5 A potential solution was proposed two years ago. B: I don’t think so. I’ve been considering a change for
6 The installation of CCTV is being considered by the quite a while.
university. 3 A: It is highly improbable that you will ever meet the
Activity 6a Queen, but it is useful to know what to do.
B: Oh, don’t be ridiculous! One should know formal
1 very or a lot
etiquette but it is hardly likely that I would ever meet
2 Intensifying adverbs make language more precise as well the Queen.
as richer and more interesting. 4 A: Should you wish to retire early, I would advise you to
Activity 6b start saving now.
1 bitterly 3 highly 5 ridiculously B: Absolutely. But I earn too low a salary to save much.
2 deeply 4 strongly 6 absolutely, utterly Modern knights (page 68)
Activity 6c Activity 1a
1 deeply, bitterly 3 bitterly 5 ridiculously Suggested answer:
2 highly, absolutely 4 strongly 6 highly In the American honours system, there are different honours
for different sorts of service and contributions to state and/
Activity 7a
or nation. The highest overall honours are the Purple Heart,
1 Should you ever meet the Queen, the Presidential Medal of freedom and the Congressional
2 Had I not had etiquette lessons before … Gold Medal but there are many others for different social,
3 Were I to meet her Majesty again … cultural and sporting activities.
Activity 7b Activity 1b
1 infinitive 2 past 3 future They are all mentioned except the Prime Minister.
Activity 7c Activity 1c
Suggested answers: Suggested answer:
1 … most definitely refuse! Knighthoods: a knighthood is one of the highest honours
a person in the United Kingdom can achieve. It is awarded
2 … music … tried to learn to play a musical instrument.
by the Queen of England in recognition of significant
3 … sent me abroad to learn English. contributions to national life. Someone who is a knight
4 … travel the world. has the title of Sir if they are a man and Dame if they are a
Activity 8a woman.
Dubbing: This is the ceremony when a person receives a
1 Under no circumstances should you say …
knighthood. He or she kneels in front of the Queen who
2 Never in my life have I been … touches them on the right and then the left shoulder with
Activity 8b a sword.
2 Little did they know what was about to happen. The Queen (of England): is the official head of state in the
United Kingdom. In reality, she has little legal power but
3 No sooner had I arrived than I was put to work.
she officiates at all the most important ceremonies such as
4 Under no circumstances should you tell anyone what you opening Parliament and officially appointing Prime Ministers.
have just seen.
The Prime Minister: is the elected head of the British
5 Not only are they excellent scientists, but they are also government
very friendly.
MBE (Member of the British Empire), OBE (Officer of the
6 On no account should you open the door. British Empire), and CBE (Commander of the British Empire):
Activity 8c are in ascending order and are the three levels of Honours
➚ ➘ underneath a knighthood in the British honours system.
1 Seldom do we see such grace. Activity 2
➚ ➘ 1 ✗ Members of the public can nominate people for
2 Little did they know what was about to happen.
awards but the decision is made by the government/
➚ ➘ the monarch.
3 No sooner had I arrived, than I was put to work.
2✔
➚ ➘
4 Under no circumstances should you tell anyone what you 3 ✗ a knighthood is the highest honour
have just seen. … 4 ✗ Charlie Chaplin was awarded a knighthood but
➚ ➘ Stephen Hawking was awarded an OBE.
5 Not only are they excellent scientists but they are also 5 ✗ Dame is the title given to a female knight, Sir to a
very friendly. male knight.

188 THAT’S ENGLISH!

 6 ✗ It was for services to the community and to agriculture 2 She thinks Callum feels shy and is worried about making
7 ✗ He says there are lots of formalities and describes it conversation.
as ‘beautifully done and a very polished act’. 3 He used to go out with the groom.
8✔ Activity 3b
9✔ 1 conversation 3 observation 5 stimulate
10 ✗ People still love the formality of the honours system. 2 alternative 4 compliment 6 introduced
Activity 3a Activity 4
Student’s own answers. Suggested answer:
Activity 4 A: For weddings in Spain, we always dress formally. Suits
1 UK and US 4 South Africa for men and usually evening dresses for women …
2 Australia and South Africa 5 New Zealand and Australia B: Yes, that’s very true. Even children dress up for the
3 Ireland 6 Jamaica occasion. Girls tend to be in pretty dresses and boys
in smart trousers, shirts and maybe a tie or even a suit.
Activity 5a However, I don’t think hats are as popular in weddings
Student’s own answers. here as they are in Britain, for example.
Activity 5b A: You’re absolutely right. I certainly can’t picture any of my
friends in a hat! So what do you normally do and say
1 colonial
when you greet people?
2 clam chowder, lobster
B: Well, if it’s people I know, I tend to kiss them on both
3 tacking, port, jibing, sideboard cheeks and usually compliment them on how well they
Activity 6 look.
1 freedom of speech and religious freedom A: Me too! Everyone’s made a special effort so it’s nice to
2 the Touro Synagogue by European Jews escaping from hear that others have noticed. I also introduce myself to
religious persecution people I don’t know, especially to those who are going to
be sitting at the same table as me at the reception.
3 luxurious summer homes built by rich industrialists as a
way to show off their money B: Yes, it’s kind of awkward if you don’t say anything
beforehand to someone who’s going to share the
4 because Newport has kept the old and incorporated the
evening with you, isn’t it? Then you have the typical stuff
new
about how they know the bride or the groom, etc.
5 the prevailing sea breezes that Newport gets every day
A: All right … any topics to avoid?
Activity 7 B: Well, I wouldn’t get too personal or talk about awkward
Suggested answer: things, you know, problems, accidents, illnesses …
Something that constitutes really bad manners for me is A: Of course! And then the usual: no politics, sex or religion!
people who take another call when you are on the phone B: Definitely! What about table manners?
with them. It’s becoming increasingly common, but I still A: I think the key here is to be natural. Otherwise you could
find it unbelievably rude! I think you should give your full end up in some very embarrassing situations. I think
attention to whoever you are speaking to at the time: in my it’s perfectly OK to peel prawns with your hands, for
view, it’s basic courtesy. example.
SKILLS WORK (page 69) B: Yes! I remember I once sent a prawn flying across the
table because I was trying to peel it with a knife and fork!
Activity 1 In any case, do put your napkin on your lap, use the right
1 The invitation is to Mr Callum Thompson from Sir John cutlery for fish, for example, … and be careful not to
and Lady Stratton. It’s an invitation to an English wedding drink too much and make a fool of yourself!
in London.
2 He should wear morning dress to the wedding ceremony WRITING (pages 70-71)
in the church and black tie for the reception in the Chelsea Activity 1a
Hotel. to attend a fund-raising concert
3 We know that it’s a formal occasion from the language
Activity 1b
on the invitation e.g. ‘request the pleasure of’ and by the
formal clothes that the guest is asked to wear. 1 A group of people who support an asylum centre. They
raise money to help the Friends in Peace Asylum Centre
Activity 2a function.
1 He doesn’t want to go. 2 He is a music star who lives locally.
2 Femi offers to help him find suitable clothes. 3 For a new building at the asylum centre with facilities for
Activity 2b children.
4 Since he is a celebrity, if he goes to the concert this will
1b, 2a, 3b, 4c, 5a
attract more people to the event and help raise awareness
Activity 3 about the cause. His presence will encourage the
1 She tells him how to greet people in formal situations musicians playing at the concert.
(How do you do?) and how to address the father of the 5 She asks him to attend the charity auction of paintings
bride (Sir John). and even donate if he wishes.

THAT’S ENGLISH! 189

Answer Key
Activity 2a to be held in Hollyhock Castle on Friday 25 September from
a2, b1, c2, d3, e4 8 o’clock.
The aim of the ball is to raise money for the victims of
Activity 2b the recent earthquake in South America. As you may be
1 cordially invite you aware, this caused widespread destruction and as a result
2 on behalf of many people are still homeless and injured and the whole
3 As you may be aware, region is in crisis. The proceeds from the ticket sales and
4 such as yourself any donations will go towards buying emergency medical
5 We are especially concerned supplies, food and blankets.
6 raising awareness We believe the ball will be an enjoyable occasion for
everyone. In addition to live music and dancing there will
7 would be most gratefully received
also be a champagne dinner and fireworks. We would be
8 should you wish to make a donation honoured if you would consider judging the fancy dress
Activity 3a contest and awarding the prizes. The presence of local
1 due to 2 As a result 3 for this reason 4 thus celebrities will attract more people to the event and the
attendance of a style icon, such as yourself, should you wish
Activity 3b to accept our invitation to be the judge of the fancy dress
2 Owing to a shortage of volunteer sales assistants, we may contest, will encourage people to make an effort with their
have to close the shop at the weekends. / We may have costumes.
to close the shop at the weekends, owing to a shortage of Should you have any questions about the event, please do
volunteer sales assistants. not hesitate to contact me. Otherwise we hope that you will
3 My sister is alive thanks to an experimental treatment for consider lending your support to such a worthy cause and
cancer. / Thanks to an experimental treatment for cancer, we eagerly look forward to / await your reply.
my sister is alive.
Yours sincerely,
4 We managed to raise half a million in euros. Therefore, we
can now afford to open two new food distribution centres. Martha Parks
5 The famous singer helped the cancer society at their
annual event. Thus, they raised a lot of money. / The UNIT 7. MORE POWER TO YOU!
famous singer helped the cancer society at their annual
event, thus raising a lot of money. Power to the people (pages 72-73)
6 Many people were still trapped inside the building. That’s Activity 1
why we decided to call on the army for assistance. Student’s own answers.
Activity 4a Activity 2
social secretary for SOS World − 1 Megan and Don think their landlord is trying to force them
your role responsible for organising and out of the flat to sell it.
sending invitations 2 Because she will receive some money if the land is
developed.
the type of event a formal black-tie fancy dress ball
Activity 3
other details or
champagne dinner, live music 1 They are complaining about the terrible state of their flat,
information about
and dancing, fireworks which is uninhabitable and urgently needs repairs.
the event
2 Don strongly disapproves of / disagrees with / objects
victims of an earthquake in South to / opposes property speculators knocking down old
the cause you America – all proceeds from the buildings to put up luxury flats.
are trying to raise sale of tickets and from donations
3 Colin is interested to learn the landlord is Mr Colbert as
money for will be for medical supplies, food
they have had several complaints from readers about him.
and blankets
4 Mr Colbert is dismissive at first and says that, while he
Susan Del Rey – local celebrity, has some good tenants who don’t have any complaints,
who you are inviting popular TV actress married to rich some other people are never happy.
and what you want businessman – want her to judge 5 He reveals that he wants to sell the flats as he has had a
them to do the fancy dress contest and give good offer from the council.
prizes
Activity 4
reasons why the Presence of a celebrity attracts
1 ✗ Councillor Maguire excuses herself by saying she has a
presence of the people to come; because she is
recipient of the letter a style icon this will encourage council meeting in a few minutes.
will make the event people to make more effort with 2✔
more successful their costumes 3 ✗ Rachael thinks Councillor Maguire is obliged to tell the
council about her business dealings.
Activity 4b 4✔
Suggested answer: 5 ✗ Colin advises Rachael to be cautious and not to publish
Dear Ms Del Rey, the facts yet.
I am writing to you on behalf of SOS World to cordially invite Activity 5
you to be our honoured guest at our charity fancy-dress ball 1b, 2b, 3a, 4a, 5a

190 THAT’S ENGLISH!

Activity 6 Activity 3b
1 under an obligation 4 empty promises 1a, 2b, 3a, 4b, 5a, 6b
2 hounded 5 confronted the powers that be Activity 4a
3 standing in the way of
Soft power
Activity 7 Hard power
Cyber power Others
Suggested answer:
To tell you the truth, there are so many, I don’t know where 1 use military 2 filter sites to 6 invest (heavily)
to start but one thing that stands out is to make it easier for force (send be accessed in (developing)
in the army) 3 censor the infrastructure
people to dispose of large items, like old sofas or washing
machines. At the moment, you have to have a special permit news 7 energy power: use
to use the waste dump and no-one is allowed in without 4 shut down of (the country’s)
one, so what happens is that some people just dump their mobile phone assets in energy
rubbish by the roadside at night. Surely, this costs the networks production
council a lot to remove. Why don’t they make it easier for 5 deface 8 remove (or
citizens to act responsibly, not more difficult? (government) provide) financial
websites and technological
Activity 8 help
1 Student’s own answers.
2 b (Chelsi, Jameeka), d (David), e (Kristen, Cheryl, Thierno, Activity 4b
George), g (Glenn) Suggested answer:
Activity 9a Ordinary citizens can give feedback on social networking
1 Glenn 6 Cheryl sites or sign online petitions against any issues they dislike.
As the news goes viral, it puts pressure on powerful people
2 Thierno and George 7 Kristen and George
and governments to respond and make changes.
3 David 8 Chelsi
4 Jameeka 9 Brandy Activity 5a
5 Robert 1b, 2d, 3a, 4e, 5f, 6c
Activity 9b Activity 5b
1 horrendous 2 get rid of 3 to struggle 4 generate 1 balance of power 4 powers that be
2 be on a power trip 5 made a power play
Activity 10a
3 the corridors of power 6 wield power
a3, b4, c1, d2
Activity 6
Activity 10b
2 gain 3 tool
1 standing in the way of 5 struggling
2 generate 6 under an obligation Activity 7
3 horrendous 7 empty promises Suggested answers:
4 hounding 8 get rid of 2 In my view, the powers that be make many poor
decisions but one of the worst ones in recent years was
Activity 11
the decision to allow 24-hour alcohol licensing and to
If I could change one thing, above all it would be free access remove restrictions on planning applications for bars. As
to education for all children because this issue causes a a result, all over the country, police and the health service
huge waste of human potential. If all children got a good have to expend vast amounts of resources on clearing
basic education, it would provide them with a more secure up after people who get drunk, especially at weekends.
economic future and decrease ignorance. Over time, In addition, there has been an increase in violent assaults
developing countries would improve health and living due to drinking, not to mention the long-term effects on
standards and there would be greater tolerance between health. As our society is clearly not ready for this freedom,
countries as a result of education. The benefits would be it would be better if we reintroduced alcohol controls to
far-reaching. reduce the negative impact of this binge drinking.
READING (pages 74-75) 3 I once worked with someone who was quite bossy and
would criticise the work of other staff, even though he
Activity 1 wasn’t really more senior than we were. He had just been
1 military 3 economic 5 administrative with the company longer than the rest of us so he thought
2 psychological 4 judicial 6 parliament he knew it all and should be in control. Some people found
Activity 2 it intimidating but when he tried to harass me I asked him
when exactly had he been promoted and to leave me
Suggested answer: alone to do my job. I’m glad to say he never tried it again
Unfortunately, I must say that I do agree with this quotation. with me and after that, when he attacked other people,
Nowadays it seems that every time we watch the news or they stood up to him and he quickly stopped being such a
read the newspaper a new scandal involving power and power freak / so annoying.
corruption – most often in politics – is being brought to our
attention. Has this corruption always existed? I would like LANGUAGE STUDY (pages 76-77)
to think not. Activity 1a
Activity 3a She is explaining to him how to make an online protest to
1e, 2c, 3d, 4a, 5b the government.

THAT’S ENGLISH! 191

Answer Key
Activity 1b Activity 5a
1 No, you don’t have to. The proposals are not popular.
2 You can contact them directly online at you.gov.uk. Activity 5b
3 You have to get over 100,000 signatures before the issue 1 The council liked the idea of providing free lunches
will be debated in Parliament. but opposed the idea of funding free lunches, and they
4 You mustn’t use a false identity; you have to give your remonstrated/complained strongly to the department /
contact details. Ministry.
5 You can’t sign the petition if you don’t give your details. 2 Councils always disagree or oppose the department /
6 Yes, he thinks they might get confused. Ministry.
7 Yes, she says he must do something about it. 3 The response was very negative- there was considerable
criticism.
Activity 2
4 There is going to be a public condemnation of the
1 have to 5 have to / must minister / a very negative reaction with strong criticism of
2 need to / have to 6 can’t the minister.
3 don’t have to / needn’t 7 can 5 The parents disapprove of (don’t agree with/disagree
4 can’t / mustn’t 8 must / have to with) the plan to ban taking holidays in term time.
Activity 3a 6 No, she finds it quite a challenge to meet both sides’ needs.
The abuse of power was the removal of indigenous 7 Ministers of Education should expect dissent or
Australian children from their families under false pretences disagreement with any new idea.
in order to raise them to be ‘proper’ Australians. Activity 5c
Activity 3b Verb Noun
1 was urged 5 to make to criticise criticism
2 being required 6 were banned to remonstrate remonstration
3 were forced 7 were not allowed to condemn condemnation
4 were prevented 8 were asked to disapprove (of) disapproval
Activity 3c to oppose opposition
2 Young people were banned from buying fireworks over to dissent dissent
30 years ago.
to refuse refusal
3 The representative of the indigenous people was asked to
open the ceremony. to challenge challenge
4 The police made us stop while the president drove Activity 6
through town.
1 condemnation 5 refusal
5 Many thousands of people were forced to leave their
homes due to the fighting. 2 disapproval 6 challenged
3 opposition 7 dissent
6 I was prevented from entering the meeting by the huge
number of people in the hallway. 4 remonstrated 8 criticism
7 All staff is required to show /produce identification when Activity 7a
asked. Either a campaigning or new Prime Minister is giving the
8 Prisoners are allowed to have visitors every two weeks. speech.
Activity 4a Activity 7b
1 They are all angry about / because of the introduction of 1b, 2b
parking fees in the local areas. Activity 7c
2 The speaker is unhappy with the situation. 2 I, your president, will always keep the campaign promises
3 object to + verb -ing; object to + personal pronoun +verb I made to you.
-ing; object to + noun phrase; object that + clause 3 We, the team, must succeed in this venture.
Activity 4b
Who really holds the power? (page 78)
2 Lucy objected to Kate(‘s) / her borrowing her clothes.
Activity 1
3 The accused objected that the police hadn’t read him his
Student’s own answer.
rights.
4 The business owners objected that the proposed Activity 2
superstore would affect their trade. 1d, 2c, 3a, 4b
5 Most people object to political censorship. Activity 3
6 Many residents object to the building of a nightclub near 1 The biggest British companies have reached the target of
their homes. / Many residents object to a nightclub being having 25% of their executive teams made up of women.
built near their homes. 2 The main obstacles are that women are having children
7 I object to (the) paying (of) such high prices. and needing time off for childcare and flexible hours.
8 The charity Citizens against Poverty objects to (the) paying Additionally, businesses are old-fashioned and want a
(of) tax on donations. man in charge.

192 THAT’S ENGLISH!

3 Women are more inclusive and nurturing rather than very Activity 4
controlling. Suggested answer:
4 John Connelly has noticed that where there is a female … Susan Wakefield wasn’t the typical boss that wanted you
manager the tone of the conversations is less aggressive to do everything their way. Susan wanted her employees to
and there is greater positivity. learn, grow and contribute. I learned so much because she
5 Women progress more slowly as they wait to be recognised trusted me to do my job and to learn from my mistakes. One
rather than taking the initiative to get promotion. time we had an important presentation and I was the one
6 Women are worse at talking about their skills and who would give the presentation. When I got up to speak
abilities. I realized I had forgotten the graphs and charts and that I
Activity 4 would have to give the presentation from memory. Instead of
getting angry, Susan winked at me as we left the conference
Student’s own answer.
room and said, ‘I bet you won’t forget them next time!’
Activity 5
1 England 4 USA 7 Jamaica SPEAKING (pages 80-81)
2 Australia 5 Ireland Activity 1
3 Scotland 6 India Student’s own answers.
Activity 6 Activity 2a
Student’s own answer. They both agree (with the quotation).
Activity 7 Activity 2b
1 1792, 1800, official residence Agreeing wholeheartedly
2 legislative, Representatives 1 thoughts 3 Exactly, couldn’t, more
3 cast, legislation 2 Spot 4 perfectly
4 significant, democratic government Confirming information
5 first flag, Star, Banner 5 isn’t 7 won’t, will
6 powerful monument, Memorial, perished 6 was, wasn’t 8 haven’t
7 Declaration, Independence, life, liberty, pursuit Activity 3
Activity 8 1 My thoughts exactly. 3 Exactly. I couldn’t agree more.
It used to be the Church and the monarchy that held the 2 Spot on. 4 That’s perfectly true.
power in the past as they were very wealthy institutions Activity 4a
and claimed divine right to rule, before we had elected
governments. However, more recently I think there’s been 2 He was a terrible leader, wasn’t he?
a definite shift towards greater power being held by public 3 The plan succeeded, didn’t it?
opinion as shown by the use of socialmedia to instantly 4 You want to go to the meeting, don’t you?
comment on current events. Politicians and people in 5 They have thought about the difficulties, haven’t they?
public life are very sensitive to being discussed on social 6 You are ready for the challenges, aren’t you?
media and often respond far more quickly than in the
past so maybe the will of the people is being taken more Activity 4b
notice of on a daily basis, rather than only when there is Student’s own answers.
an election. Activity 5a
SKILLS WORK (page 79) They reluctantly agree.
Activity 1b Activity 5b
Student’s own answers. Asking for opinions
How do you feel about it?
Activity 2a
What’s your reaction to this?
1f, 2c, 3a, 4b, 5d, 6e
Giving opinions
Activity 2b Look, there’s no doubt that …
1 This research will benefit paralysed and disabled people Not everyone will agree with me, but …
to gain mobility. Illustrating a point
2 A robotic suit can be used to control movements. Signals/ Take ...for example.
thoughts can also be sent directly to the minds of people Imagine you were ...
wearing special headsets via the Internet. Expressing objections
3 Current technology is very basic and what can be done in That may be so but …
practice is very different to what is theoretically possible. I don’t accept that for one minute.
4 You would need to plant devices directly in people’s Reluctant agreement
brains.
I suppose so, fair enough.
Activity 3a I take your point.
2 Activity 5c
Activity 3b Asking for opinions
1b, 2c, 3b, 4a, 5b, 6c What’s your take on this?

THAT’S ENGLISH! 193

Answer Key
Giving opinions
OK, I’ll tell you my position.
UNIT 8. ART? OR NOT?
I, for one, believe … But is it art? (pages 82-83)
Illustrating a point Activity 1
Allow me to explain further. Suggested answers:
Expressing objections 1 Agree. This quote is beautiful. We are all entitled to enjoy
But that’s not the point, is it? art, have an education, a home.
Reluctant agreement 2 Disagree. A work of art can become a symbol to society,
Possibly, but ... such as a national anthem, a flag, a sculpture like the
Statue of Liberty or architecture like the Eiffel Tower.
Activity 6
1 What’s your reaction to this? Activity 2
2 OK, I’ll tell you my position. 1 Because he’s taking an art appreciation course and has to
3 I don’t accept that for one minute. write a gallery review on post-modernism.
2 She is inspired by the connection between humans and
4 I take your point.
the natural world and by environments destroyed or
5 Take some African states, for example. affected by human exploitation.
6 My thoughts exactly.
Activity 3
7 I suppose so, fair enough.
1 ✗ He believes that art feeds the scientific mind.
Activity 7a
2 ✔
Suggested answer: 3 ✗ He thinks it needs to be original.
Selected quote: ‘Ultimately the only power man should 4 ✗ She claims to be an expert on emerging artists.
aspire to is that which he exercises over himself’ 5 ✗ He finds nudity in art predictable.
– Elie Wiesel 6 ✗ Her tutors recommended specialization, although not
necessarily in performance art, but she prefers to keep
Arguments for Arguments against
her options open by working in different media.

– if nobody is in control, Activity 4

– having power over
others is dangerous, can there would be chaos in 1 He says the image of the man with the ancient tree about
corrupt society to be cut down is a very powerful metaphor.
– by learning self-control – people always have and 2 She says it’s about time, ageing and the way nature
everyone would always will need leaders continues.
behave more fairly and – leadership and power 3 He likes the way they connect people and nature. He
reasonably are not necessarily thinks they are evocative.
– all aspects of life would bad- there have been 4 Because he appreciates all kinds of art.
improve; if people many excellent leaders.
Activity 5
cooperated more, there – it is naive to think we
would be no need for 1a, 2a, 3b, 4b
can manage without
control to be exercised people being in power Activity 6
1 uplifting 3 atmospheric
Activity 7b 2 approachable 4 thought-provoking

Suggested answer: Activity 7

A: How do you feel about this quote by Elie Wiesel?
B: Look, there’s no doubt that many leaders have abused
their position of power and committed terrible crimes. I
mean, take Stalin, for example. Under his rule, millions
starved to death or were imprisoned in Siberia. But
never having anyone hold power? I don’t accept that
for one minute. There would be chaos. People need
leadership for a civilised society to function. That quote
is a bit naive.
A: I don’t see it that way myself. I think there’s a lot of truth
in what Elie Wiesel says. Allow me to explain further.
If everyone practised self-control and thought of the
common good, all aspects of life would improve, from
personal relationships to international relations. If we
learnt to cooperate better, we wouldn’t need to invest so
much power in leaders who are only human, and may
become corrupted.
B: I suppose so, fair enough. But I still think that’s a very
idealistic point of view.
Suggested answer:
Personally, I’m not bothered by performance art, though I
don’t find it particularly witty or approachable. Some years
ago my girlfriend and I went to see Marina Abramovic’s
performance in the MoMA in New York. The performance
involved the artist sitting immobile in the museum’s atrium
while the spectators were invited to sit opposite her in silence.
My girlfriend found it uplifting and thought-provoking and I
found it to be ridiculous.
Activity 8a
1 Student’s own answers.
2 writing poetry (Nicole, Chelsi), acting (Glenn), fashion
design, painting and drawing (Nicole, Victor, Borislav),
playing a musical instrument (Brandy)
Activity 8b
1 Nicole, Glenn, Chelsi
2 Brandy
3 Nicole, Victor, George and Borislav

194 THAT’S ENGLISH!

4 Thierno (shows the t-shirt he has designed) Activity 4b
5 Glenn 1 urge to be creative
6 Borislav 2 by the same token
Activity 9 3 bypass the brain entirely
1 express myself in 4 bold and shocking 4 deliberately set out to be controversial
2 creative potential yet 5 cultivating the art 5 they simply couldn’t help themselves
3 came up with 6 skills lie 6 lent dignity to it
Activity 10a Activity 5a
1 express ourselves 4 skills lie 1e, 2d, 3c, 4b, 5a
2 art of 5 came up with Activity 5b
3 creative potential 6 bold and shocking 1 has down to a fine art
Activity 10b 2 work of art
1 approachable 3 atmospheric 3 a picture’s worth a thousand words
2 uplifting 4 thought-provoking 4 suffers for his art
Activity 11 5 state-of-the-art
Suggested answer: Activity 6
I can’t sing or draw or anything like that but I express Suggested answers:
my creativity through cooking. I find it very relaxing and 2 If I had enough money, I’d buy a state-of-the-art digital
I especially love to bake cakes. In fact, I’ve become quite radio, because it’s my favourite way of listening to music.
famous amongst my friends and co-workers for making I love being able to listen to music from all over the world,
birthday cakes. Although I make carrot, lemon, chocolate and it’s interesting to listen to political debates in other
and vanilla cake, my favourite one is banana. I love to countries because the participants often offer a different
personalise the decoration to match the personality of the perspective to the one I usually hear on my local radio
person who is having a birthday through colour. station.
READING (pages 84-85) 3 I express my urge to be creative by cooking exotic and
unusual dishes. I just love trying out new combinations
Activity 1a of tastes and textures: it’s a real adventure to eat at my
Performing arts: music, magic & circus, film & theatre, ballet home!
& other dance forms
Visual arts: sculpture & ceramics, installation, architecture, LANGUAGE STUDY (pages 86-87)
photography, jewellery, drawing & painting, craft & design Activity 1a
Activity 1b Defining: 1, 4, 8, 9, 10
Student’s own answers. Non-Defining: 2, 3, 5, 6, 7
Activity 2a Activity 1b
1d, 2e, 3a, 4c, 5b 1 That can replace who or which in defining relative clauses
(sentences 1, 4, 8, 9, 10).
Activity 2b
2 We avoid the formal construction with whom by putting
1 ✗ The author can’t understand why they don’t give up the preposition with at the end of the sentence and
2 ✔ replacing whom with who (sentence 2).
3 ✔ 3 We can omit the relative pronoun when the pronoun is not
4 ✗ It helps them make sense of life and cope with its dark the subject of a defining relative clause (sentence 4). You
side can’t omit the relative pronoun in a non-defining relative
5✔ clause except in reduced relative clauses (sentences 5, 9,
6 ✗ The author mentions the grace of a goalkeeper flying 10).
through the air as something that may move people 4 In reduced relative clauses, the relative pronoun is
and is therefore by definition, art. omitted and verb is replaced by a participle: the present
Activity 3 participle (-ing) replaces an active verb (sentences 9,
10) and the past participle (-ed) replaces a passive verb
2 urge to be creative
(sentence 5).
3 bypass the brain entirely
5 The relative pronoun which (sentence 7) stands for
4 lend dignity to it the entire previous clause, i.e. the fact that the whole
5 by the same token exhibition was dedicated to traditional art.
6 deliberately set out to be controversial
Activity 2a
Activity 4a
1 who 4 which
1 Britain was a very depressing place in the 1970s. There 2 who, who / that 5 who / that
was an economic recession with strikes, power cuts and
3 which / that
high unemployment.
2 Punk art is ugly and angry because it was a movement born Activity 2b
out of rage and a deep sense of alienation from society. Student’s own answers.

THAT’S ENGLISH! 195

Answer Key
Activity 2c Activity 6a
The last clause in Sentence 2 (‘who/that he fell in love with’) 1 possessive 2 belongs 3 action 4 done
and the relative clauses in Sentences 3 and 5 are defining Activity 6b
relative clauses.
1 your own 4 her own 7 my own
In sentence 2 ‘who/that’ can be omitted: ‘… the first woman
2 their own 5 his own
he fell in love with.’
3 our own 6 its own
In sentence 3 the relative pronoun can be omitted: ‘The
symphony he wrote for her was ...’ Activity 7
Activity 3 2 He advised her to go to the Tate Gallery.
2 There is a sale of the artist’s early paintings considered (to He suggested that she went / (should) go to theTate Gallery.
be) obscene in his own country. 3 I advise you against reading that book.
3 The most performed play ever is Hamlet, written by I don’t recommend reading / that you read that book.
Shakespeare in the early 1600s. 4 She (highly) recommended the film (to me).
4 Anyone quoting from her work without permission will be She suggested seeing the film.
sued. 5 I advise you to go to the party.
5 Musicians studying at the conservatory have free entrance I suggest that you go to the party.
to all concerts.
Art on the run (page 88)
6 There were several books dealing with this subject and
they were all excellent. Activity 1a
Student’s own answers.
Activity 4a
1 whose 4 which 7 which Activity 1b
2 which 5 who 8 which Suggested answer:
3 who 6 who 9 which The definition given of the difference between street art
and graffiti is that street artists want ordinary people to see
Activity 4b and admire their work whereas graffiti writers only want to
1 ... impress each other. I don’t agree. I think street art is just
2 ... Pandrethan, the ancient capital of Kashmir artwork by artists who express themselves by using outdoor
3 ... priest, recognising her intelligence, taught ... urban spaces, as opposed to galleries, whereas graffiti is
4 ... marriage, arranged for her ... small child, took ... done by gang members who deface public buildings just to
‘tag’ their territory.
5 ... a man chosen for his wealth.
6 ... mother-in-law, very jealous of Lalla, beat her Activity 2
7 ... a religious mystic, her true vocation 1 He defines it as art out in the public environment, created
8 The relative clause cannot be reduced when which stands by people who are not controlled by an institution or by
for the whole previous clause. an authority.
9 ... poems, celebrating the mystery ... 2 Nothing. That’s part of its attraction. You don’t need to be
knowledgeable or specialised. You only have to decide if
Activity 5a you like it or not.
2 overrated 5 shock value 10 atmospheric 3 He mentions spray painting, stencils / stencilling /
3 pretentious 6 tedious 11 thought-provoking stencilism, art on paper (or paste-ups) and sculptures.
4 controversial 7 original 12 uplifting 4 Because graffiti artists don’t care if people can’t read
what they are writing. They want other graffiti writers to
Activity 5b
be impressed by their style, by their daring and by the
1 locations where they’ve done the graffiti.
b dreadful d pretentious f shock value 5 Property owners and even local councils have begun to
c overrated e controversial accept street art and give permission for people to paint
2 on their walls.
a original c atmospheric f uplifting 6 Banksy is the UK’s best-known street artist. He is
b thought-provoking d evocative internationally renowned, and his work is considered
extremely valuable. He makes jokes in his work.
Activity 5c
7 The book ‘Subway Art’ about painting on trains in the
Suggested answers: New York subway and the explosion of hip hop culture in
1 A really haunting piece of music for me is Elgar’s Enigma England.
Variations. I first heard it at a funeral when I was sixteen 8 He thinks graffiti can never become part of mainstream
and I’ve always found it really sad and beautiful. culture, because the point of it is that it’s illegal: when it’s
2 I think people who pretend to know all about computers not done illegally it loses everything.
just because they’ve got the latest phone or tablet are
really pretentious and annoying. I come across them at Activity 3
work all the time! Suggested answer:
3 I saw the latest James Bond film and found all the car Someone who I really admire is the British writer JK
chases and fight scenes very tedious. I don’t enjoy action Rowling. She wrote the Harry Potter books, which our whole
films at all − it feels like I’m watching the same thing over family love and which encouraged both my children to start
and over again. Give me a psychological drama any day! reading on their own. She’s an amazing storyteller and she

196 THAT’S ENGLISH!

writes adult novels, too. I’ve read one, which was a crime Activity 2b
thriller and I enjoyed it a lot. Another reason why I admire 1 ✔
JK Rowling is that, although she’s one of the richest women 2 ✔
in the country, she’s a very modest person. She gives a lot
3 ✗ slam poets are often restricted to using only words
of her money away and has donated millions and millions
to charities. 4 ✗ anyone can participate in slam poetry competitions

Activity 4 Activity 3a
1 the USA, Canada and New Zealand all except money and fans
2 Jamaica, Ireland, Canada and England Activity 3b
3 Canada and England 1b, 2a, 3b, 4a
4 Canada and Australia Activity 4
5 Australia, the USA and New Zealand Suggested answers:
6 Ireland and the USA 1 I think I’d probably enjoy watching a poetry slam, as it must
Activity 5a be exciting to watch poetry come to life, but I definitely
Student’s own answers. wouldn’t want to participate myself … I’m much too shy,
and besides I can’t write poetry!
Activity 5b 2 I’d love to participate in a poetry slam. I think it would be
1 Philadelphia is the largest city in the state of Pennsylvania. fantastic. It’s a really great way of reaching out to people
It was founded by William Penn in 1692. The philly and making them think. I love words and playing with
cheesesteak sandwich is Philadelphia’s contribution to words. I’d probably do something quite political, but I’d
American cuisine. like to make people laugh as well.
Some famous sights: Independence Hall, the Liberty Bell,
JFK, also known as ‘the Love Park’ and the Philadelphia WRITING (pages 90-91)
Museum of Art. Activity 1a
2 Because it’s where the Declaration of Independence and 1 Rembrandt 2 late 3 Gallery 4 London
the Constitution were signed. Jenny has the most positive attitude about the exhibition:
Activity 6 she’s been looking forward to it for months.
1b, 2a, 3a, 4b, 5a, 6b Activity 1b
Activity 7 1 looking forward 5 the best portrait
Suggested answer: 2 serious 6 the opportunity to see, works
1 My favourite writer is Yann Martel. He’s Canadian but his 3 much 7 once, lifetime experience.
novels have been translated into many languages. His 4 bear, pretentious 8 wait!
best-known work, The Life of Pi, is one of my favourite Activity 2a
books ever. It’s a really unusual, thought-provoking story
1 She was expecting there to be more space. She found
about a boy who survives a shipwreck with a man-eating
it rather crowded, cramped, although she admits that
tiger. Martel’s novels are very atmospheric and uplifting
this creates a sense of opulence which, to some extent,
and I re-read them regularly.
enhances the overall experience.
2 A singer and writer whose work I really enjoy is Leonard
2 His sumptuous colours and textures and dramatic use of
Cohen. He started writing poems and songs in the 60s.
light.
His music is influenced by jazz and folk but has its own
3 A room containing over 80 self-portraits
distinctive sound; his work is poetic, funny, sad, evocative
and always surprising. 4 She was surprised by how much they looked like modern
people.
SKILLS WORK (page 89) Activity 2b
Activity 1 1D 2A 3B 4C
Suggested answers: Activity 3a
1 Personally, I just love the poem By Staceyann Chin as
1 texture 3 tenderness 5 opulence
she makes you think what you will be like when you are
middle-aged or older. Will you still have the passion of 2 intimacy 4 sumptuous 6 contemporary
youth? Activity 3b
2 I prefer the poem by Dylan Thomas. I think he transmits a 1 The high point of the whole (exhibition) 3 At first glance
very evocative and haunting message about not accepting 2 The only downside 4 It’s well worth
death without a fight as well as an embracing life to the Activity 4
full.
1 I’d absolutely love to go to this exhibition! Goya has
Activity 2a always fascinated me and it’d be a great opportunity to
Poetry slams are competitions in which poets recite original see some of his greatest work all together in one space.
work and their performances are judged by members of the 2 The best time to go will probably be for the late-night
audience. They have become popular because anyone can opening on Tuesday and Wednesday evenings between 7
try them: they are a democratic art form open to anyone and 10.30 pm because it’ll probably be less crowded.
who loves words. 3 I’d more than likely buy an advance ticket cheaply online.

THAT’S ENGLISH! 197

Answer Key
Activity 5a The drawings are full of minute, exquisite details. They are
Andrea is enthusiastic about the exhibition and would exquisitely beautiful but they are also some of the most
recommend it to anyone, but Kara found it a bit depressing. terrifying images I have ever seen. The suffering and the
She’s glad she went but she wouldn’t go again and she horror on the faces is drawn with microscopic precision.
doesn’t think it is suitable for everyone. The part of the exhibition I liked best was the last room with
images of people waking up from nightmares because it
Activity 5b makes you understand what it is all about.
1
dark 2dramatic 3
haunting All in all, I found the exhibition absolutely fascinating, but a
First impression 4
atmospheric bit too gloomy for me. I’m glad I went, but I wouldn’t want
to see it again.
5
witches 6demons 7death
Describing
8
horrific 9beautiful 10minute UNIT 9. AND THEY ALL LIVED HAPPILY
the paintings
11

13
exquisite 12microscopic
masterpieces 14terrifying
15
horror 16grotesque
fascinating
17 18
definitely
Recommendations 19memorable 20
depressing
21
gloomy
Activity 6a
Suggested answer:
Paragraph 1: This exhibition of paintings and drawings from
Goya’s dark period is at the Leopold & Leonard Gallery. It’s
going to be enormously popular so it’s well worth purchasing
your ticket in advance online. It’s also a bit cheaper.
Paragraph 2: At first glance it seemed very dark but
after a few minutes my eyes got used to the lighting.
I was / wasn't expecting such dramatic lighting / there to
be music / such a haunting atmosphere / that there would
be lighting and haunting music, which created a dramatic
atmosphere. It's easy to understand why / It’s easy to see
that Goya was depressed / unhappy / going through a
difficult time. The drawings and paintings portray images of
witches / nightmares / demons which are horrifying, but also
exquisitely beautiful.
Paragraph 3: They are beautiful / memorable / haunting but
they are also horrific / terrifying / nightmarish. They are full
of exquisite / horrific details / strange beauty / suffering and
horror and drawn with precision / attention to detail / great
skill. The part of the exhibition I liked best was the music /
drawings of witches / the last room with people waking up.
Paragraph 4: All in all / In conclusion, I found the exhibition
absolutely wonderful / terrifying / fantastic / nightmarish /
too dark / intense for me. I’m glad I went. I would definitely
go back / recommend it. / I wouldn’t go back / recommend
it to everyone.
Activity 6b
Suggested answer:
Goya’s dark paintings
This exhibition of paintings and drawings from Goya’s dark
period is at the Leopold & Leonard Gallery in London. It’s
going to be popular, so it’s well worth purchasing your tickets
online in advance for the late-night opening on Tuesday and
Wednesday nights as we did to avoid the crowds. It’s also a
bit cheaper!
At first glance, the exhibition space itself seemed rather
dark, but after awhile my eyes got used to it. I wasn’t
expecting there to be music but there was some haunting
music playing, which was very atmospheric. It’s easy to
understand that Goya painted the pictures during a difficult
period in his life. They portray images of witches, demons
and death and they are very dark.
EVER AFTER
The future perfect (pages 92-93)
Activity 1
I don’t really think it’s possible to predict the future in general
although sometimes people have strange premonitions
that can’t be explained. However, I don’t think it is just fun
because it’s unhealthy to become obsessed with the future.
In any case, do we really want to know what the future holds
− especially if it’s bad news? I think it’s better to live in the
present and enjoy each day fully.
Activity 2
1 She predicts a decision that affects lovers, scientific
success, a big change and a journey.
2 Anthony makes a decision that affects him and Bridget,
Danny is going on a journey and Omar has scientific
success. Karen is still waiting for a big change in her
career.
Activity 3
1 a The Lovers card could mean that someone near you
makes a decision that affects their partner.
b The Sun card represents invention. It could mean some
sort of scientific success.
c The Death card means the beginning of a new life. It
could indicate a big change.
d The Fool card means someone is going on a journey.
2 He really wants to move on in his career and do some
travelling. He wants a challenge, to try a different way of
life.
Activity 4
1 ✗ Anthony sighs and tells Omar he doesn’t know how to
tell the others about his move. He is going to find it hard
to say goodbye.
2✔
3 ✗ Danny thinks Karen called him a fool, but in fact she was
recalling the prediction for the Fool card, which applies
now to Danny.
4✔
5 ✗ Karen and Danny imagine the fortune-tellers prediction
about a change connected to her job means that she
will become an editor for a national newspaper.
6✔
Activity 5
1a, 2a, 3a, 4b
Activity 6
1 something was up 3 make a decision
2 It wouldn’t be my cup of tea 4 there’s something in it

198 THAT’S ENGLISH!

Activity 7
Honestly, when we have to make decisions most of us
would like to know what lies ahead. I once had to decide
about staying together with my boyfriend or not. I loved him
very much but he drank too much. You may find this hard to
believe, but I did consult a fortune-teller, as well as a palm-
reader and a medium. In the end I didn’t follow any of their
advice, rather my mum’s, and I broke up with Ian.
4 Children identify with the heroes and heroines and are
comforted that things will turn out well for them.
5 Some people feel that the values in fairy tales are very
old-fashioned and would like to see feminist values and
more respect for others in the fairy tales.
Activity 3a
1

Activity 8a Activity 3b
1 Student’s own answer. 2 b, d and e 1 ✗ Goldilocks was not thoughtful and didn’t tell her family
where she was going, so they were worried.
Activity 8b
2✔
1 David 3 Chelsi 5 Tina 3 ✗ Mama Bear went off the deep end.
2 Kristen 4 Borislav 6 Jameeka 4✔
Activity 8c 5✔
1 storyteller 3 ditching 5 stuck with Activity 4a
2 to give it away 4 embracing 6 mind-blowing 2c, 3e, 4a, 5g, 6b, 7f
Activity 9 Activity 4b
1b, 2a, 3b, 4a
2
Activity 10
Activity 5a
1 something was up 5 ditch
1e, 2h, 3b, 4c, 5d, 6f, 7g, 8a
2 embraced 6 there’s something in it
3 it wouldn’t be my cup of tea 7 gave it away Activity 5b
4 stuck with 1 at the end of her tether
2 got the wrong end of the stick
Activity 11
3 wasn’t the end of the world
One of my best films of all time is American Beauty, and the
ending is extremely moving and beautiful. It’s always stuck 4 went off the deep end
with me because at the end, the main character is shot and 5 are at a loose end
we see life from his perspective as he leaves his body and 6 come to a sticky end
becomes conscious of how he really feels about his wife 7 burn the candle at both ends
and daughter and the world around him. In the film, he was
Activity 6
having a mid-life crisis and rejected his family but as he
leaves them forever he realises how much he really cares Suggested answers:
and about how unimportant all the problems he had were. 1 … which bus was going to Derby and the official pointed
He finds peace and appreciates life at last, just as he loses at stop number 3. In fact, the bus went from stop number
it, but you are left with the impression that he will live on in 8 and I missed it, and there were no others that day. I was
another dimension. absolutely furious!
2 I remember being at the end of my tether when we were
READING (pages 94-95) moving apartments a few years ago. On the moving day
Activity 1a there was a problem with the new apartment. When we
Suggested answer: arrived with all our stuff there was water everywhere as
Maybe Einstein was joking, or perhaps he thought children there was a burst pipe – and then the landlord said he
should be allowed to be children and not be pushed by their couldn’t fix it till the next day so we had to go to a hotel. In
parents. fact, it took five days to fix and we all got ill with a stomach
bug in the hotel – what a nightmare!
Activity 1b
Einstein thought a creative imagination was essential for a LANGUAGE STUDY (pages 96-97)
scientist and hearing fairy tales helps develop this. Activity 1
Activity 2a 2 Having killed the dragon, the prince rescued the beautiful
1b, 2e, 3a, 4c young girl.
Activity 2b 3 Having said I didn’t want a fairy tale wedding, I soon
began to change my mind.
1 New film and cartoon versions of fairy tales are still
being produced because they are popular and highly 4 After having discussed various possible endings, the
profitable. writing team chose a happy one.
2 Usually parents would not tell small children frightening 5 Having started to put the books in alphabetical order, she
factual stories. However, their children read or watch fairy felt she had to continue.
tales which are full of terrifying situations. 6 After having spoken to the neighbours about the noise
3 Experts believe fairy tales help children deal with fear, problems, we felt relieved.
helplessness and aggression from the security of their 7 Having realised love stories aren’t real life, I changed my
own home. attitude about relationships.

THAT’S ENGLISH! 199

Answer Key
Activity 2 stimulation, trying to work out who the murderer was. But
1 in the end 3 in the end 5 in the end more often than not, I am wrong about that!
2 At the end 4 At the end 6 At the end Activity 2
Activity 3a 1 twists, turns 5 murder mysteries events
They are discussing the last words of famous people. 2 whodunits 6 ending
3 very similar audience 7 puzzle, justice
Activity 3b
4 marketing, television
1 Wilde’s real last words were a prayer.
2 The passenger said James Dean didn’t say anything Activity 3
before the crash. 1b, 2c, 3a
3 Bogart was speaking to his wife. Activity 4
4 Marie Antoinette really said, ‘Let them eat brioche.’ 1 ✗ The new custom is to scatter the ashes at Christmas.
Activity 3c 2 ✔
1 Although, commonly 3 fact, matter 3 ✔
2 Contrary, think 4 Actually 4 ✔
Activity 3d 5 ✗ It used to be the custom to hire professional mourners
but it is not being practised anymore.
1 Actually
6 ✗ An obituary is written in a newspaper about the
2 Although it is commonly believed
deceased.
3 in fact
7 ✗ There is usually a wake where people chat with friends
4 the fact of the matter
and family about the departed.
5 Contrary to what most people think
Activity 5
Activity 4a
Typical American foods: hot dogs, hamburgers and fries,
2 pies.
Activity 4b Typical American sports: baseball and American football.
1 amend 5 amended 9 correct Activity 6
2 rectification 6 remedy 10 remedied 1c, 2b, 3c, 4c, 5b, 6b, 7c
3 correct 7 remedial 11 rectified
Activity 7
4 corrections 8 amendments
Suggested answer:
Activity 4c
When someone dies in Australia usually there are quite a
1 rectify 5 amendments 9 corrected few days between the death and the funeral − sometimes
2 rectified 6 amended 10 remedy up to ten days. People no longer have the deceased
3 rectifications 7 correcting 11 remedy person in their home during that time but friends and
4 amend 8 correction 12 remedial family can see the departed in a funeral home. Nowadays
Activity 5a the funeral is often not religious and is a celebration of
the dead person’s life and achievements. Many people
Alan has decided to resign from his job. request mourners not to wear black but bright colours,
Activity 5b or the deceased person leaves instructions about their
1 a a real situation – 2 b an unreal situation – 1 favourite colour and popular songs they would like to be
2 a Even though b Even if c Still played at the funeral. Sometimes balloons are released
to commemorate the occasion. After the funeral, there is
3b
always a gathering with food and drink, where people chat
Activity 6 and catch up with long-lost friends and relatives. If there is
1 Even though 4 Even though 7 Still a cremation, friends and family gather a few months later
2 Even if 5 Still to scatter the ashes in the deceased’s favourite place and
3 Still 6 Even if take time to remember them.

Activity 7 SKILLS WORK (page 99)

1 would have happened 7 would have had Activity 1
2 had married 8 had waited Student’s own answers.
3 would not have experienced 9 would have lived.
Activity 2a
4 had not married 10 had married
1d, 2a, 3b, 4c
5 would have been able to 11 would have caused
6 had not continued Activity 2b
1 Dr Cox’s advice is to get professional help / see a counsellor
Happy endings? (page 98) to help you discover the real problem.
Activity 1 2 You need to take some time to explain to your partner
I’ve read several murder mysteries such as Agatha Christie face-to-face why you want to end the relationship.
and Sherlock Holmes stories. I think their popularity comes 3 It’s not possible at the beginning, as the couple need time
from providing the reader with a challenge and mental to process the split.

200 THAT’S ENGLISH!

4 You should do what you find necessary to move forward, Activity 4c
like taking up a new hobby or going on a trip, but overall Student’s own answers.
you should be respectful to your ex / treat your ex with
respect. Activity 5
Activity 3a 1e, 2f, 3a, 4b, 5c, 6d

They are discussing film endings. Activity 6

Activity 3b Suggested answer:
... wreaked havoc on a small town in the north of Europe.
1 Leo liked it, Nick disliked it 3 both disliked it
The villagers never knew when he would appear and were
2 Leo liked it, Nick disliked it
terribly frightened. The children were told horrific stories
Activity 3c about this great ghastly beast. Little did the villagers know
that all this trouble was really their fault. The huge bear
The Ninth 2001, A Space was hungry and the villagers left their rubbish and left over
Sunshine
Gate Odyssey food outside. The bear-charmer was finally called and she
magically led the bear to a secure wildlife park with plenty
6
classic
Leo 1
Brilliant 2clues 11
ending of food and sweet beehives to get as much honey as he
7
made you think
could ever eat!
3
effort 4Lazy 8
Bored 9real
Nick 5
special effects confused
10
12
horror REVISION 2
Activity 4 LANGUAGE REVISION (pages 102-103)
…bad news and difficulties. While people generally like Activity 1
there to be some closure and resolution of the main themes, 2 The artist whose paintings are now being exhibited in the
the fact of the matter is people feel let down if the story is local art gallery died in poverty.
manipulated to give an unrealistically neat ending.
3 The paintings, which were completed five years ago, are
SPEAKING (pages 100-101) still in his studio.
Activity 1a 4 Teaching art is a challenge (which/that) I really enjoy.
5 I couldn’t hear the singers very well, which was
Student’s own answers.
disappointing.
Activity 1b 6 I finally got to see the exhibition (that/which) you told me
1f, 2d, 3e, 4a, 5g, 6b, 7c about.
Activity 1c 7 The performance, which was surprisingly good, lasted
four hours.
1 Beauty and the Beast - Rebirth
2 St George and the Dragon - Overcoming the Monster Activity 2
3 Goldilocks and the Three Bears - Journey and Return 2 needs painting / needs to be painted
4 Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows - The Quest 3 weren’t allowed to use
5 Hamlet - Tragedy 4 needn’t have done
6 Mr Bean - Comedy 5 don’t have to catch / won’t have to catch
7 Pretty Woman - Rags to Riches 6 was banned
Activity 2a 7 mustn’t reveal
Beginnings 8 don’t need to finish / needn’t finish
1 sitting comfortably, once 3 Far, long 9 needed to get
2 Back, days 4 upon Activity 3
Endings 1 strongly 4 Still 7 both
1 nutshell 2 moral 3 cut, short 2 are 5 Few 8 are
Activity 2b 3 ridiculously 6 at all 9 has
Beginnings: 2, 3 Activity 4a
Endings: 1, 4, 5 1 You’ll help me with my homework, won’t you?
Activity 3 2 She’s changed her mind again, hasn’t she?
Student’s own answers. 3 He feels younger than he is, doesn’t he?
4 You’re at the end of your tether, aren’t you?
Activity 4a
Overcoming the monster Activity 4b
Activity 4b 1 ➘ falling 2 ➚ rising 3 ➚ rising 4 ➘ falling
1 Once upon a time 6 On the way Activity 5
2 One day 7 Having reached 1 hadn’t sent 5 hadn’t been elected
3 to their surprise 8 Once inside 2 wouldn’t have got 6 wouldn’t have started
4 At last 9 To cut a long story short, 3 hadn’t been intercepted 7 had discussed
5 One day 10 And for all I know 4 would never have known 8 would have been

THAT’S ENGLISH! 201

Answer Key
Activity 6 Activity 5
1 to his departure 5 having written Suggested answers:
2 sooner did I see 6 you against staying 1
3 object to 7 you to take A: I would agree with this statement. Modern society has
4 worth buying 8 on their own changed tremendously and we are much more relaxed
now.
Activity 7 B: That may be so, but I still try to act according to who I’m
1 on 3 in 5 on 7 in with. I mean, if I’m talking to an older person I haven’t
2 in 4 out 6 as 8 at met before, I’ll use more formal language.
Activity 8 2
A: By and large, I suppose this is true, but sometimes they’re
1 opposition 4 condemnation a bit predictable, aren’t they?
2 criticism 5 refusal B: That’s perfectly true. The bad guys always lose and the
3 disapproval princess always gets her man!
Activity 9 3
1 dreadful 4 ruthless 7 allow A: I don’t accept that for one minute. Take a piece of paper,
for example. How can a piece of paper be a work of art?
2 stiff 5 undermine 8 turning
B: Well, many everyday objects can be admired because
3 amend 6 dotage 9 gloomy
they’re elegant, colourful or beautiful, even a fork or a
Activity 10 pair of socks.
1 time-honoured 3 peer pressure 5 knee-high A: I don’t see it that way myself. I think a work of art is more
2 humble opinion 4 sticky end 6 wrongdoer than that.

Activity 11 Activity 6
1 matter 3 stick 5 glance 1B 2B 3E 4E 5B 6E
2 rocket 4 art 6 tether Activity 7a
2, 4, 5, 8, 1, 3, 6, 7
SKILLS WORK (pages 104-105)
Activity 7b
Activity 1a
Suggested answer:
Student’s own answers.
Are you sitting comfortably? Then I’ll begin. I’m going to
Activity 1b tell a tale from long ago about why the sea is salty. Once
Suggested answer: upon a time, a poor man asked his brother for some food
on Christmas Eve. His brother was very rich, but very mean,
The concept of reading is changing as we have many more
so he gave him some meat but in exchange the poor brother
options of formats and types of texts. Some examples of
had to promise to go to hell. The poor brother did as he was
these new formats are: children’s books, graphic novels, told, took the meat and went to hell. He knocked on the
comic books, e-books and interactive novels. door and the devil let him in, very pleased to see someone
Activity 2 bringing meat into hell. So the poor man gave the devil the
1d, 2g, 3a, 4e, 5c, 6f, 7h, 8b meat in exchange for a magic hand mill. The poor man used
the hand mill to make food for himself and his family so
Activity 3a they were never hungry again. After a time, a rich merchant
In favour: Jenny Against: Bob heard about the hand mill and bought it from the poor man
so that he could make salt. He was tired of sailing across
Activity 3b the sea to get supplies and he thought the hand mill would
1 ✗ Bob feels that the Queen of England doesn’t need to make him even richer. He took the hand mill on his ship
retire as she’s doing a fantastic job. and told it to make salt, but he didn’t know how to stop it
2✔ and it made so much salt that the ship sank. The poor man
3✔ and his family lived happily ever after, but the rich merchant
drowned in the sea and, to this day, the hand mill continues
4✔
making salt at the bottom of the sea.
5 ✗ Only one leader of the Catholic Church (Pope
Benedict XVI) has voluntarily retired over the past few Activity 8
centuries. Suggested answer:
6✔ Dear colleague,
7 ✗ Jenny says that fewer over-70s are employed in private I am writing to you on behalf of Business Solutions
business than in politics or the legal system / Jenny to cordially invite you to our two-day course for sales
says that more over-70s are employed in politics or the professionals. The course is being held on Friday 21st and
legal system than in private business. Saturday 22nd April.
8 ✗ The presenter suggests that leaders should change As you may be aware, the role of the sales department
roles / move to an advisory role when they are older. in any company is vital to the success of the business
and in today’s world the need for trained professionals is
Activity 4 paramount. We are offering workshops on speaking skills
1c, 2a, 3b, 4d, 5e, 6a, 7c, 8d, 9e, 10b for presentations and negotiations, demonstrations of the

202 THAT’S ENGLISH!

latest sales and marketing software, and a variety of other Activity 2a
talks related to sales management. c
Don’t miss this chance to meet others in your field as
Activity 2b
there will be a cocktail and dinner on Friday evening for all
participants. a are both writers
The course will be held in the Star Hotel in Busfield b help look after their grandchildren
and includes full board in this four-star establishment. c (correct option)
Participants wishing to travel by car will be able to use the d have young grandchildren
hotel car park.
Activity 3
Should you wish to attend the course, please send in your
2b, 3c, 4a, 5b
application by February 20th to info@businesssolutions.
com and we will be delighted to send you the welcome pack WRITING I (page 109)
and full instructions.
Activity 1
Yours faithfully,
1b, 2c, 3e, 4a, 5d
Business Solutions
Activity 2
EXAM STRATEGIES 1 Seldom do I have the opportunity to visit your city.
2 The problem will be solved.
READING COMPREHENSION I (page 106) 3 Should you want to come again, you will be welcome
Activity 1 4 Your support would be appreciated
3 5 On no account should you pay for your own lunch.
Activity 2 Activity 3
2 Suggested Answer:
Activity 3 Dear Professor Johnson,
1 (‘When we observe a work of art, we all look at it from I am writing to you to apologise for the misunderstanding
different points of view.’) at our conference in London last week. I realise you had
gone to considerable trouble to prepare your talk and that
Activity 4 unfortunately, due to timetabling problems, it had to be cut
1C 4D 5A 6B 7E short. The mistake was totally my fault and I am devastated
Extra headings: 2, 3, 8 that this happened.
We would like to invite you to speak at our next event in
READING COMPREHENSION II (page 107) July. We will be covering similar topics, but the conference
Activity 1 will take place in Manchester so the participants will come
from that area. Should you want to take part, we would be
1C 2A 3D 4EF 5B
delighted to offer you the plenary session. In addition, we
Activity 2 will pay all your expenses, including accommodation at the
1 food, not allowed, prohibitions, pork five-star hotel where the conference is being held.
2 yes I am most truly sorry and I hope that you will forgive me and
consider our invitation, as your expert help will be invaluable.
Activity 3
Yours sincerely,
1 takes up to 10 days to process
2 It is illegal to have more than one passport in Saudi Arabia, WRITING II (page 109)
so if you have dual nationality, only use one passport. Activity 1
3 No, the company will provide you with medical insurance.
2, 3, 4, 5
4 If you are a man, yes. If you are a woman, no. / You will if
you are a man; you won’t If you are a woman. Activity 2
5 Only if you are a Muslim 1 strongly 2 surprisingly 3 utterly 4 ridiculously
6 Nowhere, alcohol is prohibited in Saudi Arabia. Activity 3
LISTENING COMPREHENSION I (page 108) Suggested answer:
The show I went to see was the Lion King at the Lyceum
Activity 1
Theatre. I always thought musicals were overrated, so I was
Suggested answers: wondering what the evening would be like, but in the end it
1 b, d, f, h 2 a, e 3 c, g, i was an incredible experience.
Activity 2 The performance opened with an amazing procession of
animals. There were massive elephants moving through the
1 d, f 2 a, h 3 b, e
audience to the stage and giraffes, birds and antelopes. The
Extra phrases: c, g animals were created with the most exquisite costumes,
masks and together with the haunting music, the first
LISTENING COMPREHENSION II (page 108)
impression was breath-taking.
Activity 1 We all know the story from the popular cartoon film, but this
1 childcare 3 experts 5 toddlers show really tells the tale of deception, suffering and power
2 lend a hand 4 author struggles. I found the music uplifting, the rhythm of African

THAT’S ENGLISH! 203

Answer Key
drums and the fabulous singing was marvellous. The comic
characters performed brilliantly, thus changing the pace
from the darker side of the cruelty of nature.
Even if you are not fond of the musical genre, I would
definitely recommend this show. It is far better than the
film, with a combination of spectacular scenes and powerful
music. Don’t miss this one!
SPEAKING I (page 110)
Activities 1a and 1b
1 There’s no doubt that
2 You may not agree with me, but
3 The point is that
4 If you ask me,
5 It seems to me
6 I strongly believe that
Activity 1c
Suggested Answer:
1 earn a lot of money. People who have high
A: I strongly believe that it’s very difficult for a person in
power to be totally honest.
B: Maybe, but the point is that society can’t function if we
can’t trust our leaders.
2 be the best in their field.
A: I think you should wait until your thirties to get married.
Then you have time to enjoy life first!
B: It seems to me that you don’t think marriage is a good
thing!
4
A: If you ask me, most graffiti looks terrible and is not
painted by anyone who has any artistic talent.
B: You have a point, but there’s no doubt that graffiti artists
like Banksy are talented.
3 school where their natural talent lies. They study a range of
A: I completely agree with this. We have no right to kill
animals for sport.
B: Well, you may not agree with me, but what about hunting
animals for food?
Activity 2
1d, 2a, 3c, 4b
Activity 3
Suggested Answer:
A: Looking at the first picture, I think this shows that many
students waste their time partying at university instead
of studying.
B: I know what you mean, but I think social life at college is
important for making contacts for the future.
A: But there are many more opportunities to do sport at
university, which is good for meeting people as well.
B: That may be so, but I still think that going out with
intelligent, interesting people like the sixth picture shows
is something you’ll never find again after university.
A: Let’s move on to this picture. I think it represents the
practical experience you get at university, maybe in
science subjects. What do you think?
B: I haven’t really had that experience myself. We didn’t
do much practical work on my course so I don’t think it
would have provided much training for a future job.
A: I’m sorry, I totally disagree with you on that. I spent my
third year working in a company as an intern and learnt a
204
lot. If I hadn’t gone to university I wouldn’t have had that
opportunity.
B: Well, we can agree to differ on that one! What about this
picture of doing housework? Is that a good experience
for students?
A: I suppose it means that if you live away from home you
learn to become more independent.
B: And manage your time without your mother doing
everything for you!
SPEAKING II (page 111)
Activity 1
1b, 2c, 3e, 4a, 5d
Activity 2
Suggested Answer:
1 For: Money is important in life. It is motivating to
have a good salary.
Against: It’s more important to enjoy your work than
salaries often work long hours and have less
time for family and friends.
2 For: If you are realistic then you won’t be
disappointed in the future. Not everyone can
Against: If you don’t have high ambitions then you won’t
progress. Someone has to be at the top, so why
not try?
Activity 3
1A 2B 3A 4B 5B 6A
Activity 4
Suggested Answer:
... As far as I’m concerned, I think students find out at
subjects and then specialise in science, humanities or arts
according to their ability. Many are of the opinion that the
teachers are also important in motivating students as well,
so sometimes it’s the student’s experience at school that
leads them to choose a particular degree.
Some people say that family influence is very important too.
There are lots of doctors whose parents, grandparents or
other relatives were doctors as well. Many children admire
and want to be like their parents and also they are brought
up hearing about a particular profession so it seems natural
to them to follow that career.
Finally, it’s easy for me to see that some people choose a
career because of the financial stability they think it will
bring. To sum up, I believe that people are influenced in
their choice of career by others around them, such as their
teachers and family. Money is also an important factor, but
less so than personal satisfaction. All things considered,
most people try to work in a job that they enjoy. Talking from
a personal point of view, I’m a nurse and although I’m not
well-paid, I’m learning new things every day so I find my
work very satisfying.
SELF TEST UNITS 1-9
SELF TEST 1 (page 112)
Activity 1
1 fond 2 short-term 3 elusive 4 haunting
THAT’S ENGLISH!
Activity 2 Activity 2
1 for 6 doing 11 to do 1 ‘ve/have been trying 4 had talked / talked
2 stealing 7 telling 12 for 2 ‘ve/have, had 5 were having breakfast
3 to try 8 on 13 upsetting 3 had been preparing 6 announced
4 of 9 blaming 14 committing Activity 3
5 taking 10 to say 15 to believe 1 Who 3 who 5 Have you
Activity 3 2 what 4 where 6 Would he?
1 Anna invited me to come to a party that night. Activity 4
2 Marcia apologised for being late. 1 Not only were we exhausted(,) but we were also running
3 Grandad insisted on paying for the meal. out of oxygen.
4 Peter offered to do the washing-up. 2 No sooner had the sun set, than it began to get very cold.
5 Mr Davis objected to the loud music. 3 Hardly had his injured leg started to heal, when he hurt his
6 Tony complained about the terrible meal. shoulder.
7 Jenny persuaded Chris to study in America. 4 No sooner had we reached the top, than we had to come
Activity 4 down again.
5 Not only had they no mountaineering experience(,) but
Tom: was going to
they were also unfit.
Tom: was about to
Mum: was going to Activity 5
1 It’s late now and my parents will / might be worried − we
Activity 5
should / could have left earlier.
1 trip down memory lane 2 You can’t / couldn’t have seen him yesterday − he’s in
2 mind went blank China!
3 memory like a sieve 3 I might / could have lost my keys or they might / could be
4 memory serves me correctly on my desk.
5 it’s on the tip of my tongue 4 He must / might / could have forgotten the meeting is
6 jog my memory today.
7 brings back memories 5 He shouldn’t have joined the army − he might / could die.
Activity 6 Activity 6
1 ✗ Jess remembered the school being much larger. 1 After having completed my MBA in 2010, I started working
2 ✗ Ed doesn’t remember anything about his first day at for a well-known bank.
school. 2 Being completely bilingual, I am often at an advantage in
3 ✔ (‘Was it Alex? Or was it Darren? You’ve known them for job interviews.
years’.) 3 Having spent some time as an intern with the United
4 ✔ (‘sitting under the table eating oranges when we should Nations, I decided to follow a career in humanitarian aid
have been playing outside’) and development.
5 ✗ Ed has forgotten about school because he was always 4 Before qualifying as an accountant, I worked in a
getting in trouble with the teacher. department store.
5 Being used to travelling extensively, I rarely get jet lag.
Activity 7
Activity 7
1 I really don’t know the answer. Otherwise, I would tell
you. / I really don’t know the answer or else I would tell 1 In addition to speaking fluent English, I also speak basic
you. German and Danish.
2 They’d better not forget. Otherwise, they’ll be in trouble. / 2 Apart from working in Europe, I have (also) worked in
They’d better not forget or else they’ll be in trouble. Asia.
3 He must be nice. Otherwise / if not, no one would vote for 3 Besides having a proven track record in sales, I also have
him. / He must be nice or else no one would vote for him. recent marketing experience.
4 I have been very successful, thus earning a lot of money.
Activity 8
5 I always think things through carefully, thereby making
1 believe what happened to me! 6 So sure I never encounter problems.
2 The thing is 7 in the end/luckily
3 Anyway 8 Amazingly SELF TEST 3 (page 114)
4 Obviously 9 all’s well that ends well Activity 1
5 picture it so clearly 1 is known
2 has escaped
SELF TEST 2 (page 113) 3 had been dug / was dug
Activity 1 4 was discovered / has been discovered
1 harrowing 4 magical 7 hair-raising 5 was used / had been used
2 awful 5 exhilarating 8 mystical 6 are being questioned
3 rewarding 6 adrenaline-raising 9 spiritual 7 has been launched

THAT’S ENGLISH! 205

Answer Key
8 will be searched 2 We are thinking of you at this difficult time.
9 must be recaptured 3 I’m so sorry to hear about your loss.
10 has been criticised Activity 5
11 could not have been prevented 1 loved one 4 bereaved
Activity 2 2 grieving 5 deceased
1 Stephane Breitweiser is thought to be / It is believed that 3 passed away
Stephane Breitweiser is Activity 6
2 He is believed to have stolen / It is believed that he has
1 regret, inform 3 let, know
stolen / stole
2 sorry, tell 4 regret, inform
3 He is known to have committed / It is believed that he
committed / has committed Activity 7
4 His girlfriend is understood to have watched / It is believed 1b Admittedly, I could have called you more often, but I
that his girlfriend watched was always thinking about you.
5 Breitweiser’s mother is reported to have cut up / It is 2c Despite the sadness of the occasion, he couldn’t help
believed that Breitweiser’s mother cut up smiling.
6 She is estimated to have destroyed / It is believed that she 3a She says she’s happy where she is, but in reality she
destroyed regrets having left her old job.
Activity 3 4d I wish I had never started; nevertheless, I shall see it
through to the end.
1 on 2 with 3 that 4 with 5 on / over / about
5f I hate my job, it’s so boring, but on the other hand the
Activity 4 pay is excellent.
1 Petty crime 6 assassination 6e I know I promised you a new bike; the thing is, I’m a bit
2 manslaughter 7 assault short of money right now.
3 scam 8 Shoplifting
4 harassment 9 copyright infringement SELF TEST 5 (page 116)
5 domestic abuse 10 intimidation Activity 1
Activity 5 1 didn’t need to 4 don’t have to 7 will have to
2 had to 5 have to 8 will need to
1 ✗ She says it could be seen as a soft option. Some
offenders could think they had a good deal. 3 needed to 6 need to 9 won’t have to
2✔ Activity 2
3✔ 1 needn’t have written 4 didn’t need to have
4 ✗ The woman says some crimes are truly awful − like 2 didn’t need to 5 needn’t have bought
mass shootings or serial killings. Society can’t allow 3 needn’t have damaged
those criminals to live.
Activity 3
5✔
1 Everybody 6 Everyone 11 none 16 has
Activity 6 2 is 7 knows 12 is 17 More
1 So 5 community 9 with 3 few 8 Iess 13 no one 18 is
2 on 6 Neither 10 true 4 want 9 Much 14 controls
3 fined 7 prison 11 telling 5 little 10 has 15 none
4 rubbish 8 totally
Activity 4
SELF TEST 4 (page 115) 1 at all 4 be washed up 7 to lose
Activity 1 2 whatsoever 5 throwing away 8 at all
1 buried 4 undertakers 7 funeral 3 doing 6 whatsoever / at all
2 coffin 5 cremation 8 mourn Activity 5
3 graves 6 deceased 1 As a rule 6 by and large
Activity 2 2 Typically 7 at all
1 was richer 4 didn’t live 7 hadn’t waited 3 my humble opinion 8 All things considered
2 had 5 had spent 8 had travelled 4 more precise 9 no doubt in my mind
3 earned 6 hadn’t worked 5 then again
Activity 3 Activity 6
1 not having been / not being 1 She doesn’t think he is at retirement age but in the prime
2 having to / having had to of life.
3 having trusted / trusting 2 He thinks Mr Wilkins is over forty and probably sixty.
3 He feels Mr Harris was too old to work, old-fashioned and
4 having been / being
losing his mental abilities.
5 disappointing / having disappointed
4 She thinks Harris was of normal retirement age.
Activity 4 5 She dislikes youthful bosses with no experience and finds
1 Please accept our heartfelt sympathies for your loss. them annoying.

206 THAT’S ENGLISH!

6 He says Harris started at a very young age but he is Activity 3
exaggerating for comic effect. 1 from blocking 4 to move 7 respect
2 from entering 5 to stay 8 to protest
SELF TEST 6 (page 117)
3 to leave 6 to leave 9 mustn’t
Activity 1
Activity 4
1 highly 3 ridiculously 5 strongly
2 bitterly 4 deeply 6 absolutely 1 to maintain the balance of power
2 wields power
Activity 2 3 was on a power trip
1 Were I to find myself in the same situation, I would act 4 made a power play
differently. 5 walking the corridors of power
2 Should you wish for more information, please contact 6 to challenge the powers that be
one of our customer service advisors.
Activity 5
3 Had it not been for your help, we would never have
survived. 1 I objected to your speaking to the boss about me.
4 Should you ever attempt such a thing again, please be 2 They object to parking fees / the paying of parking fees at
careful. local shops.
5 Had it not been for the generosity of our donors, none of 3 I object to violence on TV.
this would have been possible. 4 Simon objected that he hadn’t been able to give his side
of the story.
6 Had he been wearing a seat belt, he might have survived
the accident. 5 Everyone objects to the new rules and regulations.
6 The residents objected that the road works would cause
7 Had you donated money to us previously, you would
traffic disruption.
automatically have been given a ‘friend status’.
8 Were it not for the generosity of our donors and volunteers, Activity 6
we would not be able to continue. 1 The woman has had a pretty awful day at work.
Activity 3 2 Marcus is on a power trip and is always criticising his
colleagues.
1c account 3b owing 5a consequently
3 She objects to his criticising her work because she knows
2e resulting 4f thanks 6d reason she is doing better than him.
Activity 4 4 The man tells her to challenge Marcus and embarrass
him.
A
5 The man objected to Barbara using some kind of power
1 Never in my life had I seen
play in the office – manipulating people to make them do
2 Not only was everything covered what she wanted.
3 under no circumstances could I live
Activity 7
B
1 isn’t 4 their/them 7 everyone
1 Seldom had she met 2 Exactly 5 see 8 for
2 on no account to put her trust 3 more 6 way 9 point
3 Little did she know
Activity 5
SELF TEST 8 (page 119)
Activity 1
1 We are absolutely delighted.
2 We have not been informed. 1 overrated 4 controversial 7 thought-provoking
2 tedious 5 uplifting 8 exquisite
3 Prior to his departure,
3 contemporary 6 haunting
4 Do you require assistance?
5 The meeting was postponed. Activity 2
6 All (your) proposals will be considered. 1 by the same token
7 The consumption of alcohol is forbidden. 2 bypasses the brain completely
8 The processing of the data hasn’t been completed. 3 I can’t help myself
9 The loss of so many excellent members of staff is 4 have the urge to be creative
regretted. 5 lends it dignity
6 set out to be controversial
SELF TEST 7 (page 118)
Activity 3
Activity 1
1 work of art 4 down to a fine art
1 criticism 4 challenge 7 remonstrated 2 state-of-the-art 5 suffer for your art
2 opposition 5 refusal 8 disapproval 3 worth a thousand words
3 condemn 6 dissent
Activity 4
Activity 2 1 His more recent work, which I personally like very much,
1 prevented 4 banned 7 asked has not sold well.
2 required 5 make 8 allowed 2 He read two poems, and the first, which was about nuclear
3 urged 6 forced war, wasn’t very good.

THAT’S ENGLISH! 207

Answer Key
3 Her brother, who is supposed to be very handsome, also
wants a role in the play.
4 Our director, whose idea it was to try to film in the desert,
has become ill with sunstroke.
Activity 5
A: The man standing by the door looks … (D)
B: … the door the door leading into the garden / the door
into the garden (D)
A: … man wearing the same shirt as me (D)
B: … films we used to watch when we were teenagers (D)
A: ... Connery, who might even be dead by now, (ND), the
original Bond (ND)
Activity 6
1d, 2a, 3e, 4b, 5c
Activity 7
1 It’s well worth waiting for prices to fall.
2 The downside is that it’s hot.
3 The high point of the concert was the duet.
4 He doesn’t think much of modern art.
5 I can’t bear pretentious people.
6 At first glance, the room seemed small and dark.
7 She’s a terrible cook, so she never eats her own food.
8 He only sings when he’s on his own.

SELF TEST 9 (page 120)

Activity 1
1 Even though 3 Even if 5 Still
2 Still 4 even if 6 even though
Activity 2
1 at a loose end 4 not the end of the world
2 the end of my tether 5 burn the candle at both ends
3 go off the deep end 6 came to a sticky end
Activity 3
1 amended 4 rectified 7 Amendment
2 corrected 5 remedies 8 rectifications
3 remedial 6 correcting
Activity 4
1 having 6 would have been able to
2 in the end 7 had gone
3 at the end 8 wouldn’t have met
4 Having 9 in the end
5 had come
Activity 5
1 ✗ Contrary to what most people think, it has only just
finished.
2✔
3 ✗ Actually, they were helped by a generous benefactor.
4 ✗ If they had known in time, they would have changed the
plans but it was too late.
5✔
Activity 6
1 Far, long 5 cut, long, short
2 nutshell 6 all, know
3 moral, is 7 Back, days
4 comfortably, begin 8 all, happily, after, another

208 THAT’S ENGLISH!