Wuolah Free UNIT 3

UNIT-3.
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Pedagoga
Inglés B1
1º Idiomas
Idiomas
Reservados todos los derechos.

No se permite la explotación económica ni la transformación de esta obra. Queda permitida la impresión en su totalidad.
UNIT 3 ROCK SCHOOL
GRAMMAR: PRESENT PERFECT
Afirmativas: Sujeto + have/has + participio (verbo –ed / 3ª columna): I have played football.
Negativas: Sujeto + have/has not + participio: I have not played football.
Interrogativas: Have/Has + sujeto + participio?: Have you played football?

PRESENT PERFECT.
A. El presente perfecto se refiere a acciones que ocurrieron en el pasado, pero que tienen todavía
relación con el presente. Se desconoce o no se da importancia al momento exacto en que ocurrió la
acción. Nos interesan los resultados o efectos que la acción tiene en nosotros, al contrario que el
pasado simple que está definido por expresiones de tiempo pasado.
He has broken his leg. (ahora no puede andar). I have seen that film. (ahora puedo
contártelo).
Pero: She bought that dress yesterday. (acción en pasado simple que no tiene conexión con el
presente).
B. El presente perfecto se refiere también a las acciones que se han repetido varias veces en el pasado.
I have written several letters already.
She has visited the USA many times.
Fíjate que el tiempo exacto no está especificado en estas frases. Con el presente perfecto suelen
emplearse expresiones temporales como just, already y ever, pero no indican tiempo definido. Sin
embargo el pasado simple va acompañado de tiempos definidos. Ex. She visited the USA in 1979.
Nota: She has visited puede aparecer contraído: She’s visited. Esto no debe confundirse con she’s
= she is (presente simple).
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TIME EXPRESSIONS WITH THE PRESENT PEFECT: FOR Y SINCE.
A. For y since nos expresan cuánto tiempo ha durado la acción o situación. For se usa para
expresar la longitud del periodo (for three months, for a year) significa ‘durante’. Ex. I have had
this car for years. (duración del periodo).
Since, expresa el punto en que la acción comenzó (since 1991, since May), significa ‘desde’. Ex.
I haven’t seen him since 1991 (punto de partida del periodo).
A. Si queremos hacer una pregunta sobre el tiempo que algo ha durado, debemos hacerlo con how
long y el presente perfecto, significa ‘¿Cuánto hace que…?’ Ex. How long have you lived in
France? I have lived in France since1960.
B. Nota 1: No se puede usar el presente simple o el presente continuo para decir cuánto tiempo lleva
ocurriendo algo.
Está mal decir: I’m living here for three years.

También es incorrecto: I live here since 1993.
INDEFINITE TIME EXPRESSIONS WITH THE PRESENT PERFECT.

Entre las expresiones de tiempo que se emplean con el presente perfecto tenemos yet, so far, already,
ever, never, just, recently, lately, always y often.
1. Yet = aún, todavía (suele emplearse para preguntas y oraciones negativas). Ex. My father hasn’t
come yet. (Mi padre no ha llegado todavía.) ; Have you finished the book yet? (¿Has acabado el
libro ya?).
2. So far, recently y lately suelen aparecer al final de la frase. Ex. He hasn’t griten to us lately.
(No nos ha escrito últimamente). Lately = últimamente. Recently = recientemente.
3. Already va colocado entre have / has y el participio pasado. No se emplea con oraciones
negativas. Significa ‘ya’. Ex. She has already finished her homework.
4. Ever, never, always y often se colocan entre have / has y el participio pasado. Often, sin
embargo, puede ir al final de la frase. Ever significa ‘alguna vez’ (suele emplearse en preguntas).
Never = nunca.
Ex. Have you ever been on a jumbo? (¿Has viajado alguna vez en un jumbo?)
Just tiene un sentido muy especial: acabar de. Ex. My father has just bought a car. (Mi padre acaba de
comprar un coche). Va colado entre have y el participio.
Me han encerrado aquí ¿alguien puede leer esto?

UNFINISHED TIME PERIODS.
A. El presente perfecto se usa también cuando nos referimos a un periodo de tiempo que en el
momento de hablar no ha acabado todavía.
I haven’t had breakfast this morning. (es todavía por la mañana, es decir antes de comer).
Este tipo de oraciones temporales incluyen: today, this morning, this web, this month, this
afternoon, etc.
B. No podemos usar el presente perfecto cuando hablamos de un periodo de tiempo definido y
acabado, tales como last week, yesterday. En ese caso usaríamos el pasado simple.
I saw him last week. (la semana pasada ya se ha acabado).
I haven’t seen him this week. (esta semana no ha finalizado todavía.)

PRESENTE PERFECTO CONTINUO
Afirmativas: Sujeto + have/has + been + verbo –ing: I have been playing football.
Negativas: Sujeto + have/has not + been + verbo –ing: She has not been playing football.
Interrogativas: Have/Has + sujeto + been + verbo –ing: Have you been played football?
PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS – EL PRESENTE PERFECTO CONTINUO.
1. Este tiempo suele referirse a una actividad que empezó en el pasado y que continúa
desarrollándose en el presente. Podemos realzar la duración de esta actividad con
expresiones temporales tales como: for, since, all day, etc.
Este uso es muy parecido al del presente perfecto con for y since.
How long has she been waiting? She has been waiting for the last two hours.
They have been working on the car since lunch-time.

PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS: CONNECTION TO THE PRESENT – EL
PRESENTE CONTINUO EN CONEXIÓN CON EL PRESENTE.
1. Se puede usar este tiempo para acciones muy recientes que se acaban de terminar y que
todavía tienen influencia sobre el presente o para acciones generales en un pasado reciente. Ex.
Janice has been swimming. (Todavía tiene el pelo mojado). They have been thinking about
going to Greece on holiday. (Todavía no se han decidido y siguen pensando si ir o no).
Recuerda que hay verbos que no suelen ir en tiempos continuos, entre los que se encuentran
know, have, believe, etc.
PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE / PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS – EL PRESENTE

PERFECTO Y EL PRESENTE PERFECTO CONTINUO.
A. El presente perfecto continuo se usa para acciones ininterrumpidas. La expresión temporal
que lo acompaña indica cuánto tiempo lleva ocurriendo esta acción:
They have been writing dialogues all the time.
B. El presente perfecto se emplea para acciones separadas. Podemos contar cuántas
veces ha ocurrido algo y por lo tanto no es una acción ininterrumpida:
They have written several dialogues this morning.
C. El presente perfecto continuo se emplea para indicar que la acción está incompleta: Who
has been eating my porridge? (todavía queda algo)
D. El presente perfecto se usa cuando la acción está ya acabada: Who has eaten my
porridge? (ya no queda nada).
STOP AND THINK!
El presente simple suele referirse a actividades más permanentes (costumbres, cabitos, verdades), mientras
que el presente simple continuo se refiere a acciones en progreso en este momento.
No es raro pues que encontremos esta misma diferencia entre el presente perfecto y el presente perfecto
continuo. Esta distinción básica se puede aplicar al estudiar todos los tiempos simples y continuos.

1. Complete the conversation with the correct form of the verbs in brackets.
Mum: What 1) ………………..(happen) in the kitchen, Nick? It’s a terrible mess!
Nick: I 2) ………………..(cook) dinner for you, Mum.
Mum: 3) ……………….. (you/make) this one your own?
Nick: Yes, I did. 4) ………………..(be) in the kitchen since I got home. I 5) ……………….. (not use) a recipe
book or anything!
Mum: Yes, I can see that!
Nick: Try some. You 6) ……………….. (not taste) it yet.

Mum: Mm, that tastes …different! Um, I think I 7) ………………..(have) enough! I’m sorry but I 8)
………………..(eat) a big meal at lunchtime.
2. Complete the text with the correct form of the verbs in brackets. More than one answer is
possible.
TALENT VERSUS HARD WORK
How long 1) ……………….. (you/study) English? If you’re reading this, then you’ll know at least one foreign
language, so you’ll know what hard work it can be! But are some people better at learning languages than
others? Recently, scientists 2) ……………….. (discover) more about the way we learn languages.
They found that people who 3) ……………….. (learn) a language since they were in primary school are better
at picking up new languages later on in life. This is because the parts of the brain which process language
4) ……………….. (become) stronger. They also found that those learners who 5) ……………….. (start)
younger generally have more fun with the language. On the other hand, older people who maybe 6)
……………….. (not enjoy) languages are sometimes less motivated.
Interestingly, the study found that student who practiced regularly 7) ……………….. (improve) the way their
brain learns any subject. It is like exercising our muscles to make them bigger and stronger. So the
scientists 8) ……………….. (realize) that it’s not talent that’s important in languages. Practice, determination
and enjoyment can make a big difference!
3. Complete the sentences with these words.

Ago already ever for just never since still yet
1. I’d love to see a foreign country but I’ve ………………..travelled abroad. Have you?
2. I’ve been learning English ……………….. I was seven.
3. I’ve ……………….. had my first dance lesson. Have you ………………..had dance lessons?
4. I’ve been living here ………………..five years now.
5. I went snowboarding two years ………………..
6. I haven’t learned to drive ……………….. Have you?
7. The teacher ………………..hasn’t given me a good mark.
8. We worked quickly and we’ve ………………..finished this exercise.
READING: ROCK SCHOOL

1. Read the article and choose the sentence (A-H) that best fits each gap (1-7). There is one
extra sentence that you do not need.
A. It’s called Is there anybody out there? And it’s about life in Lowestoft.
B. His only claim to fame was that he was very short.
C. He became a friend – showed us what’s out there.

D. I was stuck in the audience while they did their first gig.
E. More and more, Gene’s attention turned to Little Chris.
F. Before the programme, Gene had wondered if he would be a good teacher.
G. They came from Lowestoft, too – from Kirkley High School.
H. LA is bigger and better than Lowestoft.
2. Find words in the article that match these meanings.

1. Normal (para 1)
2. Chose (para 2)
3. Opportunity (week one)
4. Sleep (week two)
5. Person competing with another person (week three)
6. Rock or pop concert (week four)
7. People from a TV company (week five)

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VOCABULARY: EDUCATION AND PERSONAL
QUALITIES
1. Match the education words (a-e) from the article to the meanings (1-5)
a. Tutor b. coach (v) c. year
d. comprehensive e. term
1. A free school for teenagers of all levels of ability
2. To teach
3. Someone who teaches a single person or small group
4. A measurement to show what level you are in school.
5. A period of time that a school year is divided into.
2. Answer the questions with a partner.

1. How many terms are there in your school year?
2. Is your school a comprehensive school?
3. Do you have any extra coaching outside school?
4. Do you have a music tutor?
5. Is your school divided into year groups?
3. Complete the sentences with these words.

Ambition challenge famous legend self-confidence success talent
1. Ozzy Osbourne is a(n) ……………….in the world of rock music. People everywhere know about him!
2. I wouldn’t like to be so ……………….that people recognized me in the street!
3. Musicians need to believe in themselves and have the ……………….to perform on stage!
4. To play the guitar well you need both ……………….and plenty of practice.
5. Jay’s ……………….is to be a guitarist.
6. A ……………….is something that tests you skill or ability in a new way.
7. The TV show Rock School was a huge ……………….
4. Choose the correct word to complete the sentences.

1. My best friend has a great sense of humour and a fun experience / personality.
2. If you want to succeed as a pop singer, you need a lot of luck/ experience.
3. My friend got the job because he has more personality / experience than me.

4. To be a good football player, you have to do lots of practice / determination.
5. It takes real determination / luck to practice an instrument every day.
6. Sometimes Jack is lazy and he misses band organization / practice.
WORD ZONE
Do you want to make phrases? You can use nouns and verbs that go together.
Put on an act = pretend to be someone you’re not
Stand in someone’s way = to stop someone doing something

5. Complete the phrases with these nouns.
Break chance door dream fame ride
1. To have a lucky ……………….
2. To be a ……………….come true.
3. To be a roller coaster ……………….
4. To have a claim to ……………….
5. To open a ……………….
6. To take a ………………./an opportunity.
6. Match the phrases (1-6) from Exercise before to the meanings (a-f) below.
a. To be something good you’ve always wished for.
b. To be a mixed experience with lots of highs and lows.
c. To take a risk that something might work out well.
d. To have an unexpected chance.
e. To be the reason someone is famous
f. To create an opportunity for someone.
7. Complete the sentences with phrases from the exercises above.

1. The fact that her dad is a football player is her ……………….
2. When their parents took them to Disneyland, it was ……………….
3. Our team started well, then we did badly after half time. We won in the end! It was a real
……………….
4. I wasn’t sure if I was good enough to enter the competition, but I decided to ……………….
5. When he was asked to play in the band, it was his ……………….
LISTENING
1. Listen to Part 1 of a local radio news report on teenagers and answer the questions.
1. Who is able to hear the Mosquito Tone?
2. Were both the presenters able to hear it?
3. Were you able to hear it? How did it make you feel?
2. Listen to Part 2 of the news story. What is the Mosquito Tone being used for? Does everybody
think it’s a good idea?
3. Listen to Part 2 again. Complete the information in your own words.
1. Some shop owners think that teenage gangs can …
2. Shop owners think that the Mosquito Tone … for them.
3. They say that it doesn’t …
4. Some groups of people are tying to … because they think it’s harmful and unfair.

5. The Mosquito Tone has been released as …
6. This allows teenagers to …
SESSON 2
GRAMMAR: REFLEXIVE PRONOUNS
REFLEXIVE PRONOUNS
When the subject and object are the same
She hurt herself when she fell over
With ‘by’ to mean either alone or without help
I can’t carry all these books by myself. They’re too heavy
For emphasis
Do you like this story? I wrote it myself
EACH OTHER, ONE ANOTHER

To show that each of two or more people does something to the other(s).
My brother and I take care of each other.
Each other is less formal and more common than one another.
Bot each other and one another have possessive forms.
They often wear each other’s / one another’s clothes.
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Some verbs do not usually use each other or one another.
We met at university
We got married last year
They communicate by email.
There are two possible structures with enjoy.

They enjoyed themselves at the party (reflexive)
They enjoyed the party (transitive)
1. Choose the correct words to complete the sentences.

1. The whole class was silent. We all looked at ourselves / one another.
2. My brother doesn’t live himself / by himself. He shares a flat with friends.

3. I’m very angry with myself/by myself.
4. Anna and Maria always helped each other/myself.
5. The students all enjoyed themselves/by themselves on the school trip.
6. Make sure you and Jim behave yourself/yourselves today.
2. Complete the sentences with reflexive pronouns.

1. My little brother and sister are too young to cook ………………..
2. I couldn’t borrow my sister’s mobile because she needed it …………….
3. Tom and I didn’t really enjoy ……………….at the school disco.
4. I fell over and hurt …………………...when I was playing football.
5. The food is ready, everyone! Please help ………………. to pizza and salad.
6. David’s very proud of this cake – he made it ……………….
3. Complete the text with one word which best fits each gap.
SCHOOL OF THE AIR
Do you ever get fed 1) ………………. with going to school? Would you be interested 2) ………………. studying
at home 3) ……………….yourself? Shannon Kilgarill lives in the Australian outback, miles from the nearest
schools. She and her brother have 4) ……………. learning at home for years. Their special school, called
School of the Air, 5) ………………. introduced satellite technology. This enables the students to be taught at
home, hundreds of miles away from 6) ………………. another. Although the technology is complicated,
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Shannon can easily use it by 7) …………. Now she and her classmates have a virtual classroom where they
can see each 8) …………. on screen.
School of the Air previously used radios to keep the fourteen pupils 9) ……………. touch with their teachers.
However, unlike the old radio signal, the new technology isn’t affected by bad weather. Shannon, who is
very keen 10) ………………. the new system, reckons the satellite is ‘pretty good’. 11) …………. new
technology gives Shannon the opportunity to see her teacher during a lesson. She believes it has made
learning ‘a lot easier’. The computer software would cost around $5000, but the families didn’t pay for it
12) ……………….
USE YOUR ENGLISH: ADJECTIVES AND

PREPOSITIONS

WORDZONE
Look! Some adjectives and prepositions go together.
Good/bad/OK + at
Fed up + with/of
Interested + in
Crazy + about
Famous + for
Keen + on
1. Complete the sentences with the correct preposition.

1. Daniel is really good ………………… acting.
2. Lina is very keen ………………teaching Maths.
3. Daniel is quite interested ………………… reading English literature.
4. I’m not very good …………………dancing. In fact, I’m terrible …………………it!
5. JK Rowling is famous …………………writing books about Harry Potter.
6. Sometimes I get bored ……………watching TV.
7. I’m crazy …………………skateboarding and my brother’s mad …………………karate.
8. We never get fed up ..…playing computer games.
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2. Complete the sentences about your own hobbies and interests. Use these words to help you.
Acting athletic ballet judo playing an instrument reading skateboarding
1. I’m quite good …
2. I’m very interested …
3. I’m not very keen …
4. I’m absolutely crazy …
5. Sometimes I get …
6. I would like to be famous …

3. Read Marta’s email and choose the best answer, A, B, C or D.
Hi Erik,
You wanted to know why I’m so interested 1) … schools these days, especially as you’re bored of 2)…!
Well, I’ve wanted to go to a boarding school since I read about Hogwarts School in the Harry Potter
books. Can you imagine living 3) … school, without your family? Of course, you wouldn’t be 4) …
yourself, as you’d make new friends and share a room with them. I think it would be fun!
Anyway, learning about school has turned into my 5) … at the moment! 6) …, I’ve just read an article
about Daniel Radcliffe – the actor who’s famous 7) … playing Harry Potter. I’m crazy about him!
Apparently, Daniel left school when he became an actor, so he had to learn by 8) … Ever 9) … he’s had a
personal tutor, named Lina Wright. As a matter of fact, he was really inspired by Lina, who has become a
close friend. Daniel said that Lina has made him really keen 10) … learning and has helped to build his self-
confidence. I’d like someone like that to be my tutor, too! What about you?
Let me know how you did in your exams!
Best wishes,
Marta
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WRITING: ARTICLES
An article, in general, is a piece of writing for publication in a magazine, newspaper, brochure, leaflet, etc.
it may be formal or informal in style, depending on its needed readership. Its purpose may be to provide

information, describe a place/event/ experience, etc, present an opinion or balanced argument, offer
advice / suggestions, etc. Three types:
FORMAL or SEMI-FORMAL
DESCRIPTIVE
NARRATIVE
ARGUMENTATIVE
TITLE
Introduction which clearly outlines the topic(s) to be covered
1 paragraph: subject developed in detail.
2 paragraph: subject developed in detail.
Conclusion which summarises the topic and/or offers and opinion, comments, recommendations, etc.
TITLE
A title is a short, clear summary of the information which is presented in an article.
Rules:
- Present Simple for recent events.
- Omit the verb ‘be’
- WRITE ‘to be + past participle’ when using the passive voice.
- Omit articles.
- Put nouns one after the other.
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- Avoid using prepositions.
- Use abbreviations.
INTRODUCTION
General Idea: Nowadays, it is a very well-known fact… These led people to question whether…
Rhetorical question… and if so, to wonder…
Ex. Nowadays, it is a very well-known fact that television has become an important part of everyday life
and children spend hours watching a variety of programmers. These facts have led people to question
whether television viewing adversely influences children, and if so, to wonder what may be done to
prevent such negative influence.
CONCLUSION
On the whole, it does seem that …. Perhaps (express your opinion)

VOCABULARY and USEFUL EXPRESSION
Most people advocate…
Some people feel…
Sceptics point out that..
Many people support…
Further common criticism…
CHOOSE BETWEEN THESE TWO WRITINGS.

1. Write an article for a college magazine about films and the cinema. You should:
- Give your opinion of the last film you saw and
- Explain whether you prefer watching films at the cinema or at home.
2. Your town is planning to build a new sports centre. Write a letter to the local newspaper with
suggestions for the sports centre. You should:
- Say what facilities you would like in the sports centre and
- Explain why these facilities are a good idea.
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LISTENING
1. Listen to eight conversations and look at the pictures. After each conversation you will hear
a question. Chose the correct answer, A, B or C. (1.8)
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SESSON 3 SPEAKING
TRINITY: HEALTH
1. Have you ever bought something because it was fashionable? If so, what?
2. Does the fashion industry exist mainly to persuade people to spend money on things they do not
really need?
3. Is fashion selfish in a world where many people have not got what they need?
4. Do you think fashion models should be used to sell products such as cars?
5. Some fashion models refuse to advertise products involving animal cruelty such as cosmetics and

fur coats. Would you buy such products?
6. Would you like to be a fashion model if you were offered the opportunity?
7. Is your country famous for any fashion products? Which ones? How are they marketed?
8. Which countries have the best and worst fashions in clothes?
9. Which products advertised on TV in Britain/USA/Australia and in your country represent (a)
women's fashion (b) men's fashion ?
10. How important is it for you to be in fashion?
11. About how much money do you spend on clothes a year?
12. Do you like shopping for new clothes
13. Do you often buy new clothes?
14. Do you prefer to go shopping or just browse? Why?
15. Do you think men should be allowed to wear skirts?
16. What piece of clothing do you spend your money on the most? Why?
17. Do you read fashion magazines?
18. Do you sometimes wear a hat?
19. Do you think it is important to wear fashionable clothes?
• Do you think it is important to be in fashion?
20. Do you wear jewelry?
a. If so, what kind of jewelry do you wear?
b. How often do you wear jewelry?
c. What is your most valuable piece of jewelry?
21. Do you wear the same color clothes now that you wore ten years ago?
22.Do you wear the same size clothes this year as you wore last year?
23. Do you think people feel different when they wear different clothes?
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24. Have you ever made your own clothes?
a. If so, what did you make?
b. Do you often make your own clothes?
25.How many pairs of gloves do you have?
APTIS: COMPARING TWO PICTURES.
Sigue estos pasos:
1. Repasa los comparativos
Ya que lo que vas a hacer es comparar dos fotos, debes saber bien cómo hacer los comparativos
en inglés.
2. Repasa los conectores

Es importante hablar con coherencia y cierta fluidez. Para lograrlo deberás aprender a unir un

frase con otra, y la forma de unirlas es con las conjunciones (connectors).
3. Aprende a detectar las similitudes y diferencias de las fotos

Cuando compares las dos fotos, busca estos contrastes (sí, este es el truco para aprobar, si
consigues decir estas comparaciones con cierta fluidez y precisión):
- Diferencias y similitudes en la actividad que las personas realizan en las fotos. Nota: Esta es la
comparación más importante porque suele haber bastante contraste entre las actividades que
realizan las personas en cada una de las fotos
Ejemplos:
In the first photo they are playing, and in the second photo they are watching TV. En la primera foto
están jugando y, en la segunda, miran la televisión.
The woman is singing and the man is dancing. La mujer está cantando y el hombre bailando.
They're all taking a big risk. Todos se están arriesgando mucho.
One is taking a big risk - he is going to jump from a cliff- and the other one is just swimming. Uno se
está arriesgando mucho, va a saltar desde un acantilado, y el otro sólo está nadando.
- Diferencias y similitudes en la edad de las personas

Ejemplos:
The woman is much younger than the man. La mujer es mucho más joven que el hombre.
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They are both about the same age. Ambos tienen aproximadamente la misma edad.
Everybody is very young. Todo el mundo es muy joven.
They are all teenagers. Todos son adolecentes
- Diferencias y similitudes en el número de personas y cosas que hay en las fotos.
Ejemplos:
There are fewer people in the second photo. Hay menos gente en la segunda foto.
In the first photo there are more people than in the second photo. En la primera foto hay mucha más
gente que en la segunda foto.
- Diferencias y similitudes en el aspecto físico de las personas y cosas.
Ejemplos:
The woman's clothes are much darker than the man's. La ropa de la mujer es mucho más oscura que
la del hombre.

The boy's eyes are blue and the girl's are brown. Los ojos del niño son azules y los de la niña son
marrones.
They are both very tall. Ambos son muy altos.
They are all wearing a jacket. Todos llevan chaqueta.
- Diferencias y similitudes en el aspecto emocional de las personas.
Ejemplos:
They are both crying. Ambos lloran.
The people in the first photo seem to be very happy and the in the second photo they seem to be
worried. La gente de la primera foto parece estar muy contenta y en la segunda foto parecen estar
preocupados.
The woman is very confident while the man is scared. La mujer está muy segura de si misma y el
hombre está asustado.
4. Compara, contrasta, especula, incluye tus opiniones personales al final y corrige lo que has
dicho
Expresiones útiles para comparar.
- In the first photo/picture there is a man wearing a tie. En la primera foto hay un hombre que lleva
corbata.
- In the second photo the man is wearing a bathing suit. En la segunda foto el hombre lleva un bañador.
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- The first picture shows a nice house in the mountains. En la primera foto se puede ver una bonita
casa en la montaña.
- And, the second picture shows a house on the beach. Y, en la segunda foto, se puede ver una casa
en la playa.
- In the background there is a gate. En el fondo (detrás) hay una puerta.
- In the front there is a girl jumping. Delante hay una niña saltando.
- On the side there are people sitting on a bench. Al lado hay gente sentada en un banco.
Expresiones útiles para contrastar.

- On the one hand, the first group of people are supposed to be working in an office, but on the other
hand, they are watching television. Por un lado, se supone que el primer grupo de gente está
trabajando en una oficina pero, por el contrario, está mirando la televisión.

Nota importante. "On the one hand and on the other hand" se utiliza para constrastar situaciones
DIFERENTES o CONTRADICTORIAS. No sirve para comparar situaciones semejantes.

Otro ejemplo:
- On the one hand, the man wants to jump, but on the other hand he is very scared. Por un lado el
hombre quiere saltar, pero por otro lado, está muy asustando.
- In contrast, the second house is much bigger than the first house.
Expresiones útiles para especular.

- Perhaps they want to get married, but they can't. Quizás quieren casarse, pero no pueden.
- I think the first person is in a hurry and wants to get home early, and the second person is very tired.
Creo que la primera persona tiene prisa y quiere llegar a casa pronto, y la segunda persona está muy
cansada.
- It seems like they don't know too much about the job they are doing because everything they have
done so far is wrong. Parece como si no supieran mucho acerca del trabajo que hacen porque todo lo
que han hecho hasta ahora está mal.
- Maybe the man has still too much work to do and that's the reason why he looks so tired. Quizás el
hombre todavía tiene mucho trabajo por hacer y por eso parece tan cansado.
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Expresiones útiles para dar tus propias opiniones.
- Personally, I would never do that. Yo mismo nunca haría eso.

- I would like to go on a holiday to a place like that. Me gustaría ir de vacaciones a un lugar así.
- In my opinion it isn't a good idea to start doing that without rehearsing. En mi opinión no es buena
idea empezar a hacer eso sin ensayar.
Expresiones útiles para utilizar si te equivocas y quieres corregir lo que has dicho

- Sorry, I didn't mean that, I meant that. Perdón, no quería decir eso, quería decir que...
- Let me rephrase my idea. Déjeme expresar mi idea de otra manera.
- I take that back, what I really wanted to say. Retiro lo que he dicho, lo quería decir en realidad...
5.Practica las preguntas y respuestas en grupo

Si no realizas este ejercicio con un profesor que te prepare, es recomendable practicar este tipo de
preguntas con otros estudiantes, a ser posible tres. Uno debe coger el papel de examinador y los otros
dos de candidatos. Se deberán seguir las mismas instrucciones del examen y luego cambiar de papel.
1. Utiliza estos ejemplos para practicar
Both photos show teenagers playing, but in a very different way. In the first picture we can see a group
of teenagers who are doing sports outside.
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Comparando las actividades que hacen ambos grupos. En ambas fotos se ven adolescentes jugando, pero
de maneras muy diferentes. En la primera foto podemos ver a un grupo de adolescentes que hacen
deporte al aire libre.
It's a very sunny day and they seem to be enjoying themselves.
Describiendo el lugar donde está el primer grupo y especulando sobre el estado de ánimo del primer grupo.
Es un día muy soleado y parece que lo están pasando bien (que están disfrutando).
In the second picture, we can see two teenagers playing a videogame, they are inside and they seem to be
very concentrated on what they are doing.
Describiendo lo que hace el segundo grupo, dónde y especulando sobre su aspecto físico. En la segunda
foto, podemos ver a dos adolescentes jugando un vídeojuego, están dentro de casa y parecen muy
concentrados en lo que están haciendo.

In the first picture, all the girls are wearing sport clothes and in the second picture both young men are
wearing a pair of jeans an a shirt.
Comparando la ropa que llevan ambos grupos. En la primera foto, todas las chicas llevan ropa para hacer
deporte y en la segunda foto los chicos llevan vaqueros y una camisa.
Personally, I like what the girls are doing much more, they are outside, doing sports, meeting other girls
the same age and talking to them. Besides they seem to be enjoying the fresh air and the sunny day, while
in the second picture both boys are sitting and seem to be a bit stressed. I'm sure they are enjoying
themselves, but it doesn't show on their faces. Dando mi opinión personal.
Personalmente, me gusta mucho más lo que están haciendo las chicas, están fuera, haciendo deporte,
encontrándose con otras chicas de su misma edad y charlando. Además, parecen estar disfrutando del
aire fresco y el día soleado, mientras en la segunda foto, ambos chicos están sentados y parecen estar
algo estresados.
The photos show the contrasts between how young people spend their free time in our modern society. In
my opinion, the situation in the second picture is becoming more and more common. I think there should be
a balance between the two. You can spend time playing videogames, but it's also important to spend your
free time outside doing sports.
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Dando mi opinión personal y una conclusión. En las fotos se pueden ver los contrastes entre cómo la
gente joven pasa su tiempo libre en nuestra moderna sociedad. En mi opinión, la situación de la segunda
foto está siendo cada vez más frecuente. Creo que debería haber un equilibrio entre las dos. Puedes pasar
tu tiempo jugando a vídeojuegos, pero también es importante pasar tu tiempo libre fuera haciendo
deportes.
LISTENING
1. You’re going to hear a talk about basketball. You will hear the talk twice. As you listen,
write down some notes about what you hear, if you want to. Then, I will ask you six
questions on some facts about basketball. Are you ready?
The task will play twice.
Now I will ask you some questions. You only need to answer in a few words.

2. You’re going to hear a short talk about science. You will hear the talk twice. The first
time, just listen. Then I’ll ask you to tell me in a few words what the speaker is talking
about. Are you ready?
Now listen to the talk again. Write down some notes about what you hear, if you want to.
Then I’ll ask you to tell me six pieces of information about how children learn to speak. Are you
ready?
READING
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UNIT-3.

Reservados todos los derechos.

Negativas: Sujeto + have/has not + participio: I have not played football.

Interrogativas: Have/Has + sujeto + participio?: Have you played football?

Reservados todos los derechos.

Reservados todos los derechos.

INDEFINITE TIME EXPRESSIONS WITH THE PRESENT PERFECT.

Me han encerrado aquí ¿alguien puede leer esto?

Reservados todos los derechos.

PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS – EL PRESENTE PERFECTO CONTINUO.

Me han encerrado aquí ¿alguien puede leer esto?

PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE / PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS – EL PRESENTE

Reservados todos los derechos.

STOP AND THINK!

Me han encerrado aquí ¿alguien puede leer esto?

Reservados todos los derechos.

3. Complete the sentences with these words.

READING: ROCK SCHOOL

Reservados todos los derechos.

2. Find words in the article that match these meanings.

Me han encerrado aquí ¿alguien puede leer esto?

2. Answer the questions with a partner.

Reservados todos los derechos.

3. Complete the sentences with these words.

4. Choose the correct word to complete the sentences.

Me han encerrado aquí ¿alguien puede leer esto?

Reservados todos los derechos.

7. Complete the sentences with phrases from the exercises above.

Reservados todos los derechos.

EACH OTHER, ONE ANOTHER

Me han encerrado aquí ¿alguien puede leer esto?

There are two possible structures with enjoy.

1. Choose the correct words to complete the sentences.

Reservados todos los derechos.

2. Complete the sentences with reflexive pronouns.

Me han encerrado aquí ¿alguien puede leer esto?

USE YOUR ENGLISH: ADJECTIVES AND

Reservados todos los derechos.

1. Complete the sentences with the correct preposition.

Me han encerrado aquí ¿alguien puede leer esto?

Reservados todos los derechos.

Reservados todos los derechos.

Me han encerrado aquí ¿alguien puede leer esto?

Reservados todos los derechos.

CHOOSE BETWEEN THESE TWO WRITINGS.

Me han encerrado aquí ¿alguien puede leer esto?

Me han encerrado aquí ¿alguien puede leer esto?

Reservados todos los derechos.

2. Repasa los conectores

Reservados todos los derechos.

3. Aprende a detectar las similitudes y diferencias de las fotos

- Diferencias y similitudes en la edad de las personas

Me han encerrado aquí ¿alguien puede leer esto?

Reservados todos los derechos.

Me han encerrado aquí ¿alguien puede leer esto?

Expresiones útiles para contrastar.

Reservados todos los derechos.

DIFERENTES o CONTRADICTORIAS. No sirve para comparar situaciones semejantes.

Expresiones útiles para especular.

Me han encerrado aquí ¿alguien puede leer esto?

- Personally, I would never do that. Yo mismo nunca haría eso.

Reservados todos los derechos.

5.Practica las preguntas y respuestas en grupo

1. Utiliza estos ejemplos para practicar