Unit 4 Gramática

The first and second conditional Uso

El condicional de tercer grado describe situaciones que eran
Condicional de primer grado
posibles en el pasado, pero no se llegaron a producir.
If / Unless + present simple, will / won’t + infinitivo
If I’d trained harder, I would have won the race.
If you do yoga, you’ll feel more relaxed.
(It was possible for me to train harder, but I didn’t, so I didn’t
will / won’t + infinitivo if / unless + present simple win the race.)
You’ll feel more relaxed if you do yoga. I would have bought that phone unless you’d
Condicional de segundo grado recommended this one.
If / Unless + past simple, would / wouldn’t + infinitivo (It was possible for me to buy the phone, but I bought this
Unless I was very hungry, I wouldn’t eat blue food. one because you recommended it.)
would / wouldn’t + infinitivo if / unless + past simple
I wouldn’t eat blue food unless I was very hungry. The zero conditional
Uso If / Unless / When / Until + present simple
La oraciones condicionales constan de una proposición present simple,
condicional (encabezada por if o unless) y una proposición If you mix blue and yellow, you get green.
principal que describe el resultado.
present simple if / unless + present simple
El orden de las proposiciones no es importante, ya que
You get green if you mix blue and yellow.
no altera el significado de la frase. Cuando la proposición
condicional encabeza la oración, solemos separarla de la Uso
proposición principal mediante una coma. Utilizamos el condicional de grado cero para referirnos a
situaciones que siempre dan el mismo resultado.
If you wore yellow, you’d feel more cheerful.
La coma no es necesaria cuando la proposición principal va Most plants die unless you water them regularly.
al comienzo de la frase. The computer doesn’t shut down until you close all the
programs.
You’d feel more cheerful if you wore yellow.
When light hits a solar panel, it is converted
“Unless + verbo en afirmativa” significa lo mismo que “If +
into electricity.
verbo en negativa”.
Unless you work out, you won’t have any energy. =
If you don’t work out, you won’t have any energy. If only and I wish
El condicional de primer grado se utiliza para hablar de Lamentarse sobre el presente (If only / I wish + past simple)
posibles situaciones del futuro. If only
 If we lose our next match, we won’t win the cup. he had an umbrella.
I wish
(It’s possible that we’ll lose the match.)
Lamentarse sobre el pasado (If only / I wish + past perfect)
El condicional de segundo grado describe situaciones
If only I hadn’t left my umbrella at
imaginarias o hipotéticas.
I wish home this morning.
If you were an Olympic swimmer, what would you eat?
 (You aren’t an Olympic swimmer so this is an imaginary Uso
situation.) Utilizamos If only … o I wish … para describir cosas de las que
no estamos satisfechos; y, si pudiéramos, las cambiaríamos.

The third conditional
If / Unless + past perfect
If he’d worn trainers
would / wouldn’t + have +
participio pasado
He’d have run faster
would / wouldn’t + have +
participio pasado
he’d have run faster.
if / unless + past perfect
if he’d worn trainers.
We use If only / I wish + past simple to talk about
present situations that we would like to be different.
 If only / I wish I was good at football. (= I’m not happy
because I’m not a good footballer.)
Empleamos If only / I wish + past perfect para hablar de
situaciones pasadas de las que nos arrepentimos.
 If only / I wish we’d started training earlier. (= I’m not
happy because we started training too late.)

Gramática Unit 4 113