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Leyes de Kirchhoff
kirchhoff's laws
Integrantes:
Leyes de Kirchhoff
Ley de Nodos
En un circuito cerrado:
“La corriente entrante a un nodo es igual a la suma de las corrientes
salientes”.
ΣI=0
Los electrones están guiados por el conductor de cobre que los lleva hacia el
nodo 1. Llegados a ese punto los electrones se dan cuenta que la resistencia
eléctrica hacia ambos resistores es la misma y entonces se dividen circulando 5
por un resistor y otros 5 por el otro.
Esto es totalmente lógico porque el nodo no puede generar electrones ni
retirarlos del circuito solo puede distribuirlos y lo hace en función de la
resistencia de cada derivación. En nuestro caso las resistencias son iguales y
entonces envía la misma cantidad de electrones para cada lado. Si las
resistencias fueran diferentes, podrían circular tal vez 1 electrón hacia una y
nueve hacia la otra de acuerdo a la aplicación de la ley de Ohm.
Ley de Mallas
En un circuito cerrado:
“La suma de las tensiones de batería que se encuentran al recorrerlo
siempre serán iguales a la sumatoria de las caídas de tensión existente
sobre los resistores”.
ΣI*R=0
Conclusión
2. Ingles
Kirchhoff's laws were formulated by Gustav Kirchhoff in 1845, while he was still
a student. Both Kirchhoff's first and second laws are widely used in electrical
engineering to obtain current and potential values at each point in an electrical
circuit. They arise from the application of the law of conservation of energy.
Kirchhoff's Laws
To begin to analyze Kirchhoff's laws, we will first say that in an electrical circuit,
it is common for current nodes to be generated. A node or knot is the point in the
circuit where more than one terminal of an electrical component is joined.
Kirchhoff's First Law
Kirchhoff's First Law can be generalized by saying that the sum of the incoming
currents at a node are equal to the sum of the outgoing currents.
If signs (+ and -) are assigned to the circuit currents, positive currents entering
and negative currents leaving, then the sum of currents converging at a node is
equal to zero.
Law of Nodes
In a closed loop:
"The incoming current to a node is equal to the sum of the outgoing
currents."
ΣI = 0
The reason why this law is fulfilled is perfectly understood intuitively if one
considers that the electric current is due to the circulation of electrons from one
point to another in the circuit. Think of a modification of our circuit where the
resistors have a much larger value than indicated, so that a very small electrical
current flows, made up of only 10 electrons leaving the positive terminal of the
battery.
The electrons are guided by the copper conductor that takes them to node 1. At
that point the electrons realize that the electrical resistance to both resistors is the
same and so they divide by circulating 5 through a resistor and another 5 through
the other.
This is totally logical because the node cannot generate electrons or remove
them from the circuit, it can only distribute them and it does so based on the
resistance of each derivation. In our case the resistances are equal and so it sends
the same amount of electrons to each side. If the resistances were different,
perhaps 1 electron could flow to one and nine to the other according to the
application of Ohm's law.
Mesh Law
In a closed circuit:
“The sum of the battery voltages that are found when traversing it will
always be equal to the sum of the existing voltage drops on the resistors”.
ΣI * R = 0
Conclusion
Kirchhoff's two laws are equalities that are based on the principle of
conservation of energy and charge in electrical circuits, and as we said at the
beginning, they are used to find currents and voltages at any point in an electrical
circuit. Both circuit laws can be derived directly from Maxwell's equations, but
Kirchhoff did it first. Thanks to Georg Ohm, his work was widespread and are
currently widely used in both electricity and electronics.