Grammar-and-Vocabulary.

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Anónimo

Lengua Extranjera Para Maestros: Inglés

1º Grado en Educación Infantil

Facultad de Magisterio
Universitat de València

Reservados todos los derechos.

No se permite la explotación económica ni la transformación de esta obra. Queda permitida la impresión en su totalidad.
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Vocabulary
Tema 6a Tema 6b
Cinema: The body:
An animation: Una animación Arms: Brazos

A historical film: Película histórica Back: Espalda

A rom-com: Comedia romántica Chin: Mentón

Reservados todos los derechos.

A science fiction film: Película de ciencia ficción Ears: Orejas

A thriller: Película de suspense Feet: (sing foot): Pies

A war film: Película de guerra Fingers: Dedos

A western: Película del oeste Hands: Manos

Audience: Público Head: Cabeza

Cast: Reparto de papel Knees: Rodillas

Critic: Crítica Mouth: Boca

Extra: Extra Neck: Cuello

Plot: Trama Nose: Nariz

Review: Crítica Shoulders: Hombros

Scene: Escena Stomach: Estómago

Script: Guion Teeth (sing tooth): Dientes

Sequel: Secuela Thumb: Pulgar

Set: Escenario Toes: Dedos de los pies

Soundtrack: Banda sonora Tongue: Lengua

Special effects: Efectos especiales Bite: Mordida

Subtitles: Subtítulos Clap: Aplauso

Trailer: Tráiler Kick: Patada

Is based on: Se basa en Nod: Asentir

In set in: Está ambientada en Point: Apuntar

Is directed by: Está dirigida por Smell: Olfatear

Plays the part of: Hace el papel de Stare: Mirar fijamente

Is dubbed: Está doblado Taste: Degustar

Whistle: Silbar

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 Tema 7a Tema 7b
Education: Houses:
Boarding: Internado Country: País

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Degree: Grado Outskirts: Afueras

Head: Jefe Village / town / city: Aldea / pueblo / ciudad

Nursery: Guardería East coast: Costa este

Private: Privada Secons floor: Segundo piso

Pupils: Alumnos Suburb: Suburbio

State: Estatal Attic: Ático

Students: Alumnos Balcony: Balcón

Terms: Términos Basement: Sótano

Reservados todos los derechos.

College: Colegio Chimney: Chimenea

Elementary: Primaria Entrance: Entrada

Grades: Grados Gate: Puerta

High: Secundaria Ground floor: Planta baja

Kindergarten: Jardín de infancia Path: Camino

Semesters: Semestres Roof: Techo

Twelfth grade: 12º grardo Steps: Escalones

Not be allowed to: No poder Terrace: Terraza

Be expelled: Ser expulsado Top floor: Planta alta

Be punished: Ser castigado Wall: Pared

Cheat: Hacer trampa Worden floors: Pisos de madera

Let: Dejar Made of stone: Pisos de piedra

Misbehave: Comportarse mal Ceilings: Techos

Make: Hacer Open fire: Chimenea

Revise: Revisar Cosy: Acojedor

Take (or do): Tomar (o hacer)

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 Tema 8a Tema 8b
Work: Shopping, making nouns from verbs:
Applied for: Solicitado Achieve: Lograr

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Do overtime: Hacer horas extras Agree: Aceptar

Got promoted: Ascender Argue: Argumentar

Resign: Dimitir Attach: Adjuntar

Retire: Jubilarse Choose: Elegir

Set up: Instalar Compensate: Compensar

Be make redundant: Ser despedido Complain: Reclamar

Be sack: Ser despedido Consider: Considerar

Work shifts: Trabaja por turnos Deliver: Entregar

Reservados todos los derechos.

Freelance: Autónomo / Independiente Demonstrate: Demostrar

Part-time: A tiempo parcial Explain: Explicar

Self-employed: Autónomo Fail: Fracasar

Temporary: Temporal Improve: Mejorar

Unemployed: Desempleado Lose: Perder

Charge: Cargo Manage: Gestionar

Responsible: Responsable Pay: Pagar

Respond: Responder

Sell: Vender

Serve: Servir

Succeed: Tener éxito

Tempt: Tentar

Treat: Tratar

Value: Valor

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 Tema 9a Tema 9b
Making adjectives and adverbs: Electronic devices:
Lucky: Afortunado Adaptor: Adaptador

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Unlucky: Desafortunado Charger: Cargador

Luckily: Suerte Keyboard: Teclado

Unluckily: Desafortunadamente Memory stick: Lápiz de memoria

Fortunate: Afortunada Mouse: Ratón

Unfortunate: Desgraciadamente Plug: Enchufe

Fortunately: Afortunadamente Printer: Impresora

Unfortunately: Desgraciadamente Remote control: Mando a distancia

Comfortable: Cómodo Router: Enrutador

Reservados todos los derechos.

Uncomfortable: Incómodo Socket: Enchufe

Comfortably: Cómodamete Speaker: Altavoz

Uncomfortably: Incómodamente Switch: Interruptor

Patient: Paciente USB cable: Cable USB

Impatient: Impaciente

Patiently: Pacientemente

Impatiently: Impacientemente

Careful: Cuidadoso

Careless: Despreocupado

Carefully: Con cuidado

Carelessly: Sin cuidado

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 No se permite la explotación económica ni la transformación de esta obra. Queda permitida la impresión en su totalidad.
Tema 10a Tema 10b
Compound nouns: Crime:
Paper: Papel Detectives: Detectives

Book: Libro Evidence: Pruebas

Child: Niño Murder: Asesinato

Car: Coche Murderer: Asesino

Desk: Escritorio Prove: Demostrar

Reservados todos los derechos.

Song: Canción Solve: Resolver

Phone: Teléfono Suspects: Sospechosos

Manufacturer: Fabricante Victims: Víctimas

Lamp: Lámpara Witnesses: Testigos

Box: Caja

Cover: Portada

Writer: Escritor

Back: Espalda

Prodigy: Prodigio

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 Grammar
Tema 6a

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Passive (all tenses):
• Form the passive: Verb be + past participle.

Active Passive
Present simple I usually clean it every day. It is usually cleaned every day.
Past simple They arrested him this morning. He was arrested this morning.
Present perfect They have completed the project. The project has been completed.
Present continuous He is feeding the cat. The cat is being fed.
Will We will finish the report. The report will be finished.
Past continuous They were repairing the road. The road was being repaired.
Modal verbs You must answer all the questions. All the questions must be answered.

Reservados todos los derechos.

Tema 6b
Modals of deduction: might, can’t, must:
• Might: When you think something is possibly true. Ej: Laura might not like that skirt. It’s not really her style.
• Can’t: When you are sure something is impossible / not true. Ej: That woman can’t be Jack’s wife. She has dark hair.
• Must: When you are sure something is true. Ej: The neighbors must be out. There aren’t any lights on in the house.

Tema 7a
First conditional and future time clauses + when, until, etc.:
We use first conditional to talk about a possible / probable future situation and its consequence.

• We form the if + present simple and we usually from the main clause with will + infinitive.
• We use present tense after if in first conditional sentences. (Después de if no puede ir Will).
o If we take the bus, w will get there more quickly.
o NOT: If you will work hard, you will, pass all your exams.
• We can use the imperative in the main clause.
o If you see Matthew tomorrow, tell him about the party.
• We can use unless to talk about possible future events. It means the same as if + not.
o Unless you work harder, you won’t pass you exams. = if you don’t work harder, you won’t pass you exams.
• LOOK! We can put any of the clauses first because it does not change the meaning.
o If it’s nice this weekend, we will go camping. = Si hace buen tiempo este fin de semana, iremos de camping.
o We will go camping if it’s nice this weekend. = Iremos de camping si hace buen tiempo este fin de semana.

Future time clauses:

• We use the present tense, not the future, after when, as soon as, until, after, before in the future tense.
o Before we go out, I will have a quick shower.

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 Tema 7b
Second conditional, choosing between conditionals:
We use the second conditional to talk about impossible or very unlikely hypothetical situations in the present or future.

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• We form the if + past simple, and we form the main clause with would + inf. (El orden no altera el sentido)
o If you went to bed earlier, you wouldn’t feel so tire.
o You wouldn’t feel so tired if you went to bed earlier.
• Impossible situation: If I were rich, I had a big house by the sea (I’m not a rich, so it’s impossible for me).
• Unlikely situation: If my phone stopped working tomorrow, I would take it back to the shop.
• We can also use could oy might in the main clause to say that something would be possible.
o If we lived by the sea, we could go swimming every day.
• After if, we can use was or were with I, he and she.
o If Adam were here, he would fix your computer.
• LOOK! Don’t use would in the if clause.
o If I would have more time, I would learn the saxophone. If I had more time, I’d learn the sax.

Second conditional or first conditional?

Reservados todos los derechos.

• 1º conditional: When we think a future event is likely (probable).
• 2º conditional: When we think a future event is less likely (menos probable).

Tema 8a
Choosing between gerunds and infinitives:
We use the -ing (gerund) from:

• As the subject of a sentence.

o Cooking is one of my favourite hobbies.
• After prepositions and phrasal verbs.
o We are thinking of going out for a meal.
• After some verbs (enjoy, feel like, finish, hate, keep, like, love, (don’t) mind, miss, prefer, recommend).
o I love trying new food.
• We put not before an -ing from to make a negative.
o I love not having to get up early at the weekend.

We use the infinitive + to:

• After adjectives.
o It’s easy to cook this kind of food.
• After some verbs (afford, agree, decide, expect, forget, help, hope, learn, need, offer, plan, promise, refuse,
want, would like/love/hate/prefer).
o We decided to go for a coffee.
• To give a reason.
o I went to the supermarket to get some food for the party.
• We put not before an infinitive with to make a negative.
o He promised not to make the same mistake again

LOOK! Podemos usar begin, continue y start con una forma -ing o un infinitivo con to, sin cambiar el significado.

o He started running. / He started to run.

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 Tema 8b
Reported speech: sentences and questions
We use reported speech to say what someone said.

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o Directed speech: I live in the city center.
o Reported speech: She said (that) she lived in the city center.

Directed statements: Reported statements:

Present simple: Past simple:
“I work in a bank.” “He said (that) he worked in a bank.”
Present continuous: Past continuous:
“The train is arriving.” “Sara said (that) the train was arriving.”
Present perfect: Past perfect:
“I have just finished work.” “Mike told me (that) he had just finished work.”
Past simple: Past perfect:
“I lost my keys.” “They said (that) she had lost her keys.”
Will: Would:

Reservados todos los derechos.

“I will always love you.” “He said (that) he would always love me.”
Can: Could:
“I can speak French.” “Luke said (that) he could speak French.”
May: Might:
“We may get married.” “Sarah told me (that) they might get married.”
Must: Had to:
“We must buy her a present.” “They said (that) they had to buy her a present.”

Los verbos mustn’t, would, could, might and should no cambian en reported speech:

Reported statements:

Los verbos más comunes que usamos para informan son say (no especificamos con quien hablamos) (he said me
that…) y tell (siempre especificamos con quien hablamos) (he told that…).

Reported questions:

Contestamos Sí o No a las oraciones con la siguiente estructura: Subj + Asked + (obj) + if + subj + positive verb from + rest.

Tema 9a
Third conditional: (si empieza por if la oración llevará coma)
We use the third conditional to talk about hypothetical (unreal) situation in the past and their consequences.

We form the if + past perfect (if no cambia el significado). We form the main clause with would have + past participle.

• If you had come with us, you would have had a great time.

Podemos usar might o may en lugar de would cuando las consecuencias no son seguras.

• If I hadn’t arrived late to the interview, I might have got the job.

Podemos usar could (podría) en vez de would (haría) para hablar de situaciones hipotéticas.

• If they had told us about the problem, we could have helped them.

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Tema 9b
Quantifiers:

1) Small quantifiers:
We use little (un poquito) + uncountable nouns and a few (algunos) + plural countable nouns.

• I’m busy right now. Can I call you back in a few minutes? / Can I have a little sugar in my coffee, please?

We use not much (no mucho) + uncountable nouns and not many (no muchos) + plural countable nouns.

• There isn’t much milk. Can you get some more, please? / I don’t have many friends on Facebook.

Reservados todos los derechos.

Little and few, without a means not much and not many.

2) Large quantifiers:
We use a lot (of) and lots (of) in positive sentences + uncountable and countable nouns.

We use a lot of before nouns and a lot without a noun.

• I have lots of friends in the USA / She reads a lot of books. She reads a lot.

We use plenty of (un montón) to say there is enough or more than we need.

LOOK! En las preguntas usamos much + uncountable nouns and many + countable nouns.

3) Zero quantity:
We use not any (no cualquiera), no or none (ninguno) (en preguntas cortas) + uncountable and countable nouns.

• I have not money. = I don’t have any money.

• There are no tickets left. = There aren’t any tickets left.
• Hoy many students got 100% in the exam? None.
4) More than you need or want:
We use too, too many and too much to means “more than is necessary or good”.

1) Too + adjective or verb.

• I don’t like this city. It’s too big and it’s too nosy.
2) Too much + uncountable nouns.
• There’s too much traffic and too much noise.
3) Too many + plural countable nouns.
• There are too many tourists and too many cars.

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 Tema 10a
Relative clauses: defining and non-defining:
Usamos relative clause para dar más información sobre el sujeto de la oración principal.

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Defining relative clauses: (Sin coma.)
We use a defining relative clause to give essential information about person, place, or thing.

• He is the man who I saw yesterday.

We can omit who, which and that when the verbs in the main clause and the relative clause have a different subject.

• He is the man (that/who) I met on holiday. / She lost the book (that/which) I lent her.

We can’t omit the relative pronoun when it is the subject of the relative clause.

• She is the lady who speaks French. NOT: She is the lady speaks French.

Non-defining relative clauses: (Con coma).

Reservados todos los derechos.

A non-defining relative clause gives us extra information about something in the main clause.

If we omit this clause, the sentence still makes sense.

We add a comma before n non-defining relative clause.

• This is my younger brother Ricardo, who lives in Washington D.C.

We can’t use that un non-defining clauses. We use who for people or which for thing. We can’t omit the relative pronoun.

Tema 10b
Question tags:
We use question tags when we think something, but we want to make sure.

• You are from Mexico, aren’t you? = I think you are Mexico. Is that right?

In the present or past simple, we make the question tag using do, does or did.

• They like Italian food, don’t they?

• The waiter speaks Spanish, doesn’t he?

+ -
His name was Juan, wasn’t it?
It will be sunny later, won’ it?
- +
We aren’t late, are we?
They didn’t come, did they?

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