–VCDK @G AEKPOKMGKAOD @GC BEQVOPDC @G VDIVDQ

JXGKPG D CEQ GJGAPEQ @G CDQ
C DQ CCWZODQ OKPGKQDQ,
OKWK@DAOEKGQ _ IEZOIOGKPEQ GK IDQD, 864?-8686’ 

@EAWIGKPE PÏAKOAE>

864?
 

@eauigkte Pïakoae>
Vcdk `g Aektokmgkaod `gc Bespotdc `g Vdipds jrgktg d ces
Gjgates `g cds ccuvods Oktgksds, Okuk`daoekgs y Ievoiogktes gk idsd, 864?-8686 

ÉK@OAG

O. OKPXE@WAAOEK. 1
OO. JOKDCO@D@ 0
OOO. EHNGPOZEQ. 0
OZ. HDQG CGMDC. 0
Z. ÄIHOPE @G DVCOADAOÑK 7
ZO. AEKPGKO@E. 7
:.4 @GPGXIOKDAOÑK @GC GQAGKDXOE @G XOGQME DKPG CD PGIVEXD@D @G CCWZODQ. 7
:.4.4 O@GKPOJOADAOÑK @GC VGCOMXE. 7
:.4.8 DKDCOQOQ @G CD ZWCKGXDHOCO@D@. 2
:.4.1 @GPGXIOKDAOÑK @GC KOZGC @G XOGQME. 4=
:.8 EXMDKO^DAOÑK JXGKPG D WKD GIGXMGKAOD. 8=
:.8.4 MXWVE @G PXDHDNE VDXD CD MGQPOÑK @GC XOGQME @G @GQDQPXG. 8=
:.8.8 QOQPGID @G AEIDK@E QDCW@ 82
:.1 VXEAG@OIOGKPEQ GQVGAÉJOAEQ. 82
:.1.4 VXEAG@OIOGKPE @G VXGVDXDAOÑK VDXD XG@WAOX @DÔEQ GK QDCW@ 82
:.1.8 VXEAG@OIOGKPE @G DCGXPD 82
:.1.1 VXEAG@OIOGKPE @G AEIDK@E _ AEEX@OKDAOÑK. 82
:.1.0 VXEAG@OIOGKPE @G XGQVWGQPD VDXD CD EXMDKO^DAOÑK @G CD
DPGKAOÑK @G QDCW@. 8?
:.1.7 VXEAG@OIOGKPE VDXD CD AEKPOKWO@D@ @G QGXZOAOEQ. 8?
:.0. DAPOZO@D@GQ _ PDXGDQ
P DXGDQ VXOEXO^D@DQ DXPOAWCD@DQ D CEQ EHNGPOZEQ,
VXEAGQEQ _ COKGDQ @G DAAOÑK. 16
:.7. VXGQWVWGQPE _ JOKDKAODIOGKPE.
JOKDKAODIOGKPE. 10
:.:. IEKOPEXGE _ GZDCWDAOÑK. 17
ZOO. DKGREQ. 1:
Dkgxe 4 Idtroz `g datovo`d`gs y tdrgds `gc Iokostgroe `g Qdcu` jrgktg d ces gjgates `g cds
12
Ccuvods Oktgksds, 864?-8686. 
Dkgxe 8 Ok`oad`ergs sgmþk ehngtoves gspgaéjoaes.   74
Dkgxe 1 Vreag`oiogktes pdrd cd `gacdrdterod `g dcgrtd jrgktg d gigrmgkaods y `gsdstrgs   78
Dkgxe 0 @orgateroe tgcgjñkoae pdrd cd aeer`okdaoñk oktgrokstotuaoekdc `urdktg gigrmgkaods
71
y `gsdstrgs. 
Dkgxe 7 Xg` rd`odc y `g tgcgjekéd `g ces gspdaoes `g iekoterge `g gigrmgkaods y
70
@gsdstrgs (GIG@) d kovgc kdaoekdc.  
Dkgxe : Qostgid `g Aeidk`e Qdcu` gk @gsdstrgs.  7:
Dkgxe = Gsagkdroe `g rogsme gk sdcu` jrgktg Okuk`daoekgs, d kovgc `ostrotdc . 7=
Dkgxe 2 Gsagkdroe `g rogsme gk sdcu` jrgktg d Ievoiogktes gk idsd, d kovgc `ostrotdc. 446

8
 

@eauigkte Pïakoae>
Vcdk `g Aektokmgkaod `gc Bespotdc `g Vdipds jrgktg d ces
Gjgates `g cds ccuvods Oktgksds, Okuk`daoekgs y Ievoiogktes gk idsd, 864?-8686 

O. OKPXE@WAAOÑK.

Gk gc idrae `g Qgk`do pdrd cd rg`uaaoñk `gc Xogsme `g @gsdstrgs 8647-8616, dprehd`e gk cd Pgragrd
Aekjgrgkaod Iuk`odc `g cds Kdaoekgs Wko`ds sehrg cd Xg`uaaoñk `gc Xogsme `g @gsdstrgs sg gstdhcgag
aeie ukd `g sus proero`d`gs ignerdr cd prgpdrdaoñk pdrd adses `g `gsdstrgs d jok `g `dr ukd
rgspugstd gjoadz y –rgaekstruor igner’, gk ces äihotes `g cd rgaupgrdaoñk, rgbdhocotdaoñk y cd
rgaekstruaaoñk.4 

Gk cd Dmgk`d 8616 y ces Ehngtoves `gc @gsdrrecce Qestgkohcg dprehd`e gk sgptogihrg `gc 8647 per cd
 Dsdihcgd Mgkgrdc `g cds Kdaoekgs Wko`ds gstdhcgaogrek qug sg `ghgk d`eptdr ig`o`ds urmgktgs pdrd
aeihdtor gc adihoe acoiätoae y sus gjgates, tgkogk`e gk augktd qug sus aeksgaugkaods okacuygk
adihoes gk ces pdtrekgs acoiätoaes, gc duigkte `gc kovgc `gc idr y jgkñigkes igtgerecñmoaes iäs
gxtrgies.8 

Gk gsg aektgxte, gc Vgrþ gs uk pdés uhoad`e gk ukd rgmoñk `g dcte rogsme `g eaurrgkaod `g `gsdstrgs
dseaod`es d jgkñigkes `g eromgk kdturdc e ok`uao`es per cd daaoñk buidkd, gktrg ces audcgs sg
gkaugktrdk cds okuk`daoekgs, ievoiogktes gk idsd gktrg etres.

Gk kugstre pdés cd tgiperd`d `g ccuvods sg `gsdrreccd gktrg ces igsgs `g eatuhrg d dhroc, sok gihdrme
`gho`e d cds adrdatgréstoads acoiätoads `gc Vgrþ, cd idyer adkto`d` `g ccuvods sg prgsgktd gk ces igsgs
`g vgrdke (`oaogihrg d idrze), dsé iosie ces sostgids dtiesjïroaes mgkgrd`ergs `g cds
prgaopotdaoekgs prgsgktdk sus idyergs oktgkso`d`gs y ukd igner aekjomurdaoñk, ce audc eadsoekd
budyaes, okuk`daoekgs, ievoiogktes `g idsd, gktrg etres, preveadk`e `dôes d cd pehcdaoñk y ces
gstdhcgaoiogktes `g sdcu`, per ce tdkte oipdates kgmdtoves gk kugstre pdés gk ces þctoies dôes.

Gk gsg sgkto`e, gc Iokostgroe `g Qdcu` (IOKQD), aeie dutero`d` kdaoekdc `g sdcu` y aeie pdrtg `g
Qostgid Kdaoekdc `g Mgstoñk `gc Xogsme `g @gsdstrgs, ig`odktg cd aek`uaaoñk `g cd @orgaaoñk Mgkgrdc
`g Mgstoñk `gc Xogsme `g @gsdstrgs y @gjgksd Kdaoekdc gk Qdcu` (@OMGX@), gk su adco`d` `g
Qgargtdréd Pïakoad `gc Mrupe `g Prdhdne `g cd Mgstoñk `gc Xogsme `g @gsdstrgs `gc Iokostgroe `g Qdcu`  
y aek cd pdrtoaopdaoñk `g cds `ojgrgktgs ejoaokds y `orgaaoekgs `gc IOKQD y gc Okstotute Kdaoekdc `g Qdcu`
(OKQ), bdk jeriucd`e gc –Vcdk `g Aektokmgkaod `gc Iokostgroe `g Qdcu` jrgktg d ces gjgates `g cds ccuvods
Oktgksds, Okuk`daoekgs y Ievoiogktes gk idsd, 864? ‑ 8686’, gk gc idrae `gc Vcdk Kdaoekdc `g
Mgstoñk `gc Xogsme `g @gsdstrgs - VCDKDMGX@ 8640-8684,  qug gstdhcgag cd gcdherdaoñk `g pcdkgs
gspgaéjoaes. Vdrd cd gcdherdaoñk `gc gsagkdroe `g rogsme gk sdcu` dktg cd tgiperd`d `g ccuvods, sg aektñ
aek gc dpeye `gc Agktre Kdaoekdc `g Gstoidaoñk, Vrgvgkaoñk y Xg`uaaoñk `gc Xogsme `g @gsdstrgs
(AGKGVXG@).

Aek cd dsostgkaod tïakoad `gc gquope tïakoae `g cd @OMGX@< cd @orgaaoñk `g Mgstoñk `gc Xogsme `g
Gigrmgkaods y @gsdstrgs `g cd @OXGQD Budkadvgcoad, gcdherd gc –Vcdk `g Aektokmgkaod `g cd @OXGQD
- Budkadvgcoad jrgktg d ces gjgates `g cds ccuvods Oktgksds, Okuk`daoekgs y Ievoiogktes gk idsd, 864?
 ‑ 8686’ aek dpeye
dpe ye `g ces rgprgsgktdktgs `g` g cds `orgaaoekgs, ejoaokds y gstrdtgmods okvecuard`ds gk gc
`gsdrrecce `g datovo`d`gs drtoaucd`ds d ces preagses `g prgpdrdaoñk y rgspugstd dktg cd tgiperd`d `g
ccuvods 864? -8686, drtoaucdk`e oktgrvgkaoekgs `gc kovgc ceadc, rgmoekdc y kdaoekdc `g daugr`e dc kovgc `g
gigrmgkaod.

@orgaaoñk Xgmoekdc `g Qdcu` - Budkadvgcoad. 

4
 Idrae `gc Qgk`do pdrd cd Xg`uaaoñk `gc Xogsme `g @gsdstrgs 8647 ‑ 8616
  Dmgk`d 8616
8
8616 y ces ehng
ehngtoves
toves `g @gsd
@gsdrrecce
rrecce Qestgkohcg
Qestgkohcg Wkd epertuk
epertuko`d`
o`d` pdrd Di
Diïroad gcc Adrohg. 
ïroad Cdtokd y g
1
 

@eauigkte Pïakoae>
Vcdk `g Aektokmgkaod `gc Bespotdc `g Vdipds jrgktg d ces
Gjgates `g cds ccuvods Oktgksds, Okuk`daoekgs y Ievoiogktes gk idsd, 864?-8686 

OO. JOKDCO@D@.
Aektrohuor d pretgmgr cd vo`d y cd sdcu` `g cds pgrsekds, uhoad`ds gk zekds aek idyer kovgc `g rogsme
e djgatd`ds per gjgates `g cds ccuvods oktgksds, Okuk`daoekgs e Ievoiogktes gk idsd.

OOO. EHNGPOZEQ.
1.4. EHNGPOZE MGKGXDC.

Jertdcgagr cd ermdkozdaoñk
8686, drtoaucdk`e `g cd d@OXGQD
oktgrvgkaoekgs pdrdrgmoekdc
kovgc ceadc, gkjrgktdr ces gjgates
y kdaoekdc `g cd tgiperd`d
`g daugr`e dc kovgc `g `g ccuvods 864?-
gigrmgkaod.

1.8. EHNGPOZEQ GQVGAÉJOAEQ.

1.8.4 Xg`uaor ces `dôes d cd sdcu` y d ces gstdhcgaoiogktes `g sdcu`, gk zekds gk rogsme dktg cd
tgiperd`d `g ccuvods, 864?-8686.
1.8.8 Dtgk`gr ces `dôes d cd sdcu` `g cd pehcdaoñk y `g ces gstdhcgaoiogktes `g sdcu`, jrgktg d cd
eaurrgkaod `g gigrmgkaods e `gsdstrgs per gjgates `g cds ccuvods oktgksds, okuk`daoekgs e
ievoiogktes gk idsd, 864?-8686.

OZ. HDQG CGMDC.

4. Cgy K¾ 8:208, Cgy Mgkgrdc `g Qdcu`

Qdcu` y sus ie`ojoadterods.
8. Cgy K¾ 8=2:=, Cgy Ermäkoad `g cesces Mehogrkes Xgmoekdcgs y sus ie`ojoadterods.
1. Cgy K¾ 82464, Cgy `g Ievocozdaoñk Kdaoekdc
Kdaoekdc y su ie`ojoadterod.
0. Cgy K¾ 8?::0, Cgy qug argd gc Qostgid Kdaoekdc `g Mgstoñk `gc Xogsme `g @gsdstrgs (QOKDMGX@)
y sus ie`ojoadterods.
7. @gargte Cgmoscdtove K¶
K¶ 44:4, Cgy `g Ermdkozdaoñk y Jukaoekgs `gc Iokostgroe `g Qdcu`.
Qdcu`.
:. @gargte Quprgie K¾ 667-866:-@G-QM, qug dprughd gc Xgmcdigkte `g cd Cgy `g Ievocozdaoñk
Kdaoekdc.
=. @gargte Quprgie K¾ 602-8644-VAI, qug dprughddprughd gc Xgmcdigkte `g cd Cgy K¶ 8?::0, `gkeiokd`e
Xgmcdigkte `g cd Cgy K¶ 8?::0, qug argd gc Qostgid Kdaoekdc `g Mgstoñk `gc Xogsme `g @gsdstrgs
(QOKDMGX@).
2. @gargte Quprgie K¶ 610-8640-VAI, qug dprughd gc Vcdk Kdaoekdc `g Mgstoñk `gc Xogsme `g
@gsdstrgs - VCDKDMGX@ 8640-8684.
?. @gargte Quprgie K¶ 662-864=-QD, qug dprughd gc Xgmcdigkte `g Ermdkozdaoñk y Jukaoekgs `gc
Iokostgroe `g Qdcu` y sus ie`ojoadterods.
46.Xgsecuaoñk Iokostgrodc K¾ 74=-8660/IOKQD, qug dprughd cd @orgatovd K¾ 61:-8660-EM@K/IOKQD-
61: -8660-EM@K/IOKQD-
Z.64. –@gacdrdterod `g Dcgrtds gk Qotudaoekgs `g Gigrmgkaods y @gsdstrgs’.  
44.Xgsecuaoñk Iokostgrodc K¾ 4?0-8667/IOKQD,
4?0- 8667/IOKQD, qug dprughd cd @orgatovd K¾ 671-67-IOKQD/EM@K-Z.64.
–Ermdkozdaoñk y Jukaoekdiogkte `g cds Hromd`ds `gc Iokostgroe `g Qdcu` pdrd Dtgkaoñk y Aektrec `g
Qotudaoekgs `g Gigrmgkaods y @gsdstrgs’.  
48.Xgsecuaoñk Iokostgrodc K¶ 8=:-8648-VAI, qug dprughd cd @orgatovd K¶ 664-8648-VAI-QOKDMGX@
664 -8648-VAI-QOKDMGX@
–Cokgdiogktes pdrd cd Aekstotuaoñk y Jukaoekdiogkte `g ces Mrupes `g Prdhdne `g cd Mgstoñk `gc
Xogsme `g @gsdstrgs gk ces Prgs Kovgcgs `g Mehogrke’ gk gc idrae `g cd Cgy 8?::0 y su
Xgmcdigkte.
41.Xgsecuaoñk Iokostgrodc K¶ 60:-8641-VAI, qug dprughd cd @orgatovd K¶ 664-8641-VAI-QOKDMGX@
6 64-8641-VAI-QOKDMGX@
–Cokgdiogktes qug `gjokgk gc Idrae `g Xgspeksdhoco`d`gs gk Mgstoñk `gc Xogsme `g @gsdstrgs, `g
cds gkto`d`gs `gc gstd`e gk ces trgs kovgcgs `g mehogrke’ y su dkgxe gk gc idrae `g cd Cgy K¶ 8?::0
y su Xgmcdigkte.
40.Xgsecuaoñk Iokostgrodc K¶ 426-8641-VAI, qug dprughd ces –Cokgdiogktes pdrd cd Ermdkozdaoñk,
Aekstotuaoñk y Jukaoekdiogkte `g cds Vcdtdjerids `g @gjgksd Aovoc’ `oatd`es per gc Okstotute
Kdaoekdc `g @gjgksd Aovoc.
47.Xgsecuaoñk Iokostgrodc K¶ 470-8640/IOKQD, qug aekstotuyg
aek stotuyg gc Mrupe `g Prdhdne `g cd Mgstoñk `gc
Xogsme `g @gsdstrgs `gc Iokostgroe `g Qdcu`, y sus ie`ojoadterods.
0
 

@eauigkte Pïakoae>
Vcdk `g Aektokmgkaod `gc Bespotdc `g Vdipds jrgktg d ces
Gjgates `g cds ccuvods Oktgksds, Okuk`daoekgs y Ievoiogktes gk idsd, 864?-8686 

4:.Xgsecuaoñk Iokostgrodc K¶ 67?-8647-VAI, qug dprughd ces Cokgdiogktes pdrd cd Ermdkozdaoñk y

Jukaoekdiogkte `g ces Agktres `g Epgrdaoekgs `g Gigrmgkaod-AEG.
4=.Xgsecuaoñk Iokostgrodc K¶ 427-8647-
427 -8647-VAI, qug dprughd ces –Cokgdiogktes pdrd cd Oipcgigktdaoñk `g
ces Vreagses `g cd Mgstoñk Xgdatovd’.  
42.Xgsecuaoñk Iokostgrodc K¶ 422-8647-VAI, qug dprughd ces –Cokgdiogktes pdrd cd Jeriucdaoñk y
 Dprehdaoñk `g Vcdkgs `g Aektokmgkaod’. 
4?.Xgsecuaoñk Iokostgrodc K¾ 276-864:/IOKQD,
276-8 64:/IOKQD, qug dprughd cds Kerids pdrd cd Gcdherdaoñk `g
@eauigktes Keridtoves `gc Iokostgroe `g Qdcu`.
86.Xgsecuaoñk Iokostgrodc K¶ :82-8642/IOKQD,
:82- 8642/IOKQD, qug dprughd cd @orgatovd D`iokostrdtovd K¶ 876-876 -
8642/IOKQD/@OMGX@ –Ermdkozdaoñk y Jukaoekdiogkte `gc Agktre `g Epgrdaoekgs `g G igrmgkaod
(AEG Qdcu`) y `g ces G spdaoes `g Iekoterge `g Gigrmgkaods y @gsdstrgs `gc Qgater Qdcu`’.  
84.Xgsecuaoñk Iokostgrodc K¾ :01-864?/IOKQD, qug dprughd @orgatovd D`iokostrdtovd K¶ 8=48= 4 -IOKQD/
864?/@OMGX@, @orgatovd D`iokostrdtovd pdrd cd jeriucdaoñk `g Vcdkgs `g Aektokmgkaod `g cds
Gkto`d`gs g Okstotuaoekgs `gc Qgater Qdcu`.
88.Xgsecuaoñk Iokostgrodc K¶:=:-864?-IOKQD< Tug rdtojoad cd DCGXPD DIDXOCCD, `gacdrd`d ig`odktg
X.I. K¶674-864=/IOKQD gk ces gstdhcgaoiogktes `g sdcu` d kovgc kdaoekdc. 8=-6=-864?.
81.Er`gkdkzd Xgmoekdc K¶1=:-MEH.XGM-BZAD/AX
K¶1=: -MEH.XGM-BZAD/AX qug dprughd cd "Gstruaturd Ermäkoad y gc Xgmcdigkte
`g Ermdkozdaoñk y Jukaoekgs (XEJ)" `g cd @orgaaoñk Xgmoekdc `g Qdcu`. 47-6:-864=
80.Xgsecuaoñk Gngautovd Xgmoekdc K¶4=2-864?/MEH.XGM-BZAD/MX< Tug aekjeri aekjeridd gc Aeiotï Xgmoekdc
`g Bespotdcgs Qgmures jrgktg d @gsdstrgs `g Budkadvgcoad. 64-61-4?
87.Xgsecuaoñk @orgaterdc Xgmoekdc K¶66?0-864?/MEH.XGM-BZAD/@OXGQD<
K¶66?0-8 64?/MEH.XGM-BZAD/@OXGQD< `ek`g aekjerid gc "Aeiotï
`g Mgstoñk `gc Xogsme `g @gsdstrgs gk Qdcu` 864?", `g cd @orgaaoñk Xgmoekdc `g Qdcu`
Budkadvgcoad. 60-68-4?
8:.Xgsecuaoñk @orgaterdc Xgmoekdc K¶4627-864?/MEH.XGM-BZAD/@OXGQD<
K¶4627- 864?/MEH.XGM-BZAD/@OXGQD< Tug `gacdrd d 0? OVXGQQ
`g cds rg`gs `g sdcu`, aek dctd vuckgrdhoco`d` `g sus okjrdgstruaturds, `g daugr`e dc Ék`oag `g
Qgmuro`d` Bespotdcdrod y Joabd `g Gvdcudaoñk `g @dôes y Dkäcosos `g Kgagso`d`gs. 4:-62-4?
8=.Xgsecuaoñk @orgaterdc Xgmoekdc K¶48:1
K¶48:1-864?/MEH.XGM-BZAD/@OXGQD<
-864?/MEH.XGM-BZAD/@OXGQD< Tug `gacdrd gk g k GQDP@E
@G DCGXPD DIDXOCCD, gk te`e gc äihote `g cd @orgaaoñk Xgmoekdc `g Budkadvgcoad per gjgates `g
cds ccuvods 864?-8686. 80-46-4?
82.

Z. ÄIHOPE @G DVCOADAOÑK.

Gc prgsgktg Vcdk gs `g dpcoadaoñk ehcomdterod pdrd cds `orgaaoekgs, ejoaokds y/e gstrdtgmods `g cd
@OXGQD, cds = rg`gs `g sdcu` y 8 bespotdcgs `g cd rgmoñk Budkadvgcoad.

ZO. AEKPGKO@E.

:.4 @GPGXIOKDAOÑK @GC GQAGKDXOE

GQAGKDXOE @G XOGQME DKPG CD PGIVEXD@D @G CCWZOD
CCWZODQ.
Q.
:.4.4 O@GKPOJOADAOÑK @GC VGCOMXE.

Cd tgiperd`d `g ccuvods sg `gsdrreccd gktrg ces igsgs `g eatuhrg d dhroc, gk cds rgmoekgs `g
sogrrd y sgcvd `gc pdés. @g gstd idkgrd, ces adihoes acoiätoaes qug sg rgmostrdk `urdktg gstg
pgroe`e sek `g oktgrïs `gs`g gc pukte `g vostd `g ces `gsdstrgs 1.

Gc tope iäs aeiþk `g `gsdstrg gk te`e gc iuk`e ce aekstotuygk cds okuk`daoekgs, cds audcgs
rgprgsgktdk ces gvgktes d`vgrses qug eaurrgk aek idyer jrgaugkaod y qug d su vgz, sek ces iäs
gxtgk`o`es gk gspdaoe g oktgkso`d`. D`giäs, cds okuk`daoekgs sek ces `gsdstrgs `g eromgk
kdturdc iäs `gvdstd`ergs y cgtdcgs, auye kþigre `g jdccgao`es gk gc iuk`e (qug gs
dprexoid`digktg gc 06% `g cds véatoids `g `gsdstrgs) gs supgrd`e secdigktg per ces
tgrrgietes0.

1
 Acdsojoadaoñk `g Jgkñigke y @gsdstrgs Kdturdcgs sumgro`d per cd WKGQAE g Oipdate `g ces @gsdstrgs `g Eromgk Kdturdc iäs oipertdktgs gk gc Vgrþ. OK@GAO.
0
 Bespotdcgs Qgmures dktg okuk`daoekgs. EVQ 866:.
7
 

@eauigkte Pïakoae>
Vcdk `g Aektokmgkaod `gc Bespotdc `g Vdipds jrgktg d ces
Gjgates `g cds ccuvods Oktgksds, Okuk`daoekgs y Ievoiogktes gk idsd, 864?-8686 

Gk gsg sgkto`e, cds adrdatgréstoads acoiätoads `gc Vgrþ sek pgaucodrgs per su gxtgksoñk y rgcogvg
tepemräjoae, y sg adrdatgrozd per qug prgsgktd cd idyer adkto`d` `g ccuvods gk ces igsgs `g
vgrdke (`oaogihrg d idrze), `gho`e d qug ces sostgids dtiesjïroaes mgkgrd`ergs `g cds
prgaopotdaoekgs prgsgktdk sus idyergs oktgkso`d`gs, igner aekjomurdaoñk y idyer pgrsostgkaod
`g ces sostgids gk gstg pgroe`e< ce qug eadsoekd cd rgaurrgkaod `g cds ccuvods, gk cd aestd kertg,
sogrrd y sgcvd `gc Vgrþ.

Ver etre cd`e, cd oktgkso`d` `g cds ccuvods gstä sungtd dc aeipertdiogkte `gc eaïdke y d cd
dtiñsjgrd gk sus `ojgrgktgs gsadcds, eadsoekdk`e adkto`d`gs supgroergs e okjgroergs d sus
vdcergs keridcgs, ccgmdk`e d prgsgktdr sotudaoekgs gxtrgids gk `gtgriokd`e gspdaoe y togipe.

Gk gstg aektgxte, gc Agktre Kdaoekdc `g Gstoidaoñk, Vrgvgkaoñk y Xg`uaaoñk `gc Xogsme `g

@gsdstrgs (AGKGVXG@) aek gc dpeye `g okstotuaoekgs aogktéjoads y tïakoads, aeie gc Qgrvoaoe
Kdaoekdc `g Igtgereceméd g Bo`receméd `gc Vgrþ (QGKDIBO), gc Okstotute Mgecñmoae, Iokgre y
Igtdcþrmoae (OKMGIIGP), cd Aeiosoñk Iuctosgaterodc gkadrmd`d `gc Gstu`oe Kdaoekdc `gc
Jgkñigke Gc Koôe (GKJGK), gc Okstotute Kdaoekdc `g Gstd`éstoad g Okjeriätoad (OKGO) y gc Okstotute
Kdaoekdc `g @gjgksd Aovoc (OK@GAO), rgdcozñ cd o`gktojoadaoñk y adrdatgrozdaoñk `g cd digkdzd 7,
per ce qug `gtgriokñ ces äihotes aek idyer prg`ospesoaoñk d cd eaurrgkaod `g gvgktes aeie
okuk`daoekgs y ievoiogktes gk idsd.

Vestgroerigktg, AGKGVXG@ gcdherñ gc idpd `g susagptohoco`d` d Okuk`daoekgs `gc Vgrþ,

hdsd`es gk `es jdatergs aek`oaoekdktgs> cd mgeierjecemod y cd pgk`oktg `g tgrrgke y gc jdater
?7). 
`gsgkad`gkdktg (ccuvods oktgksds pgragktoc ?7). 

Gk cd rgmoñk Budkadvgcoad gk ces þctoies dôes cds ccuvods oktgksds daeipdôd`es `g `gsadrmds
gcïatroads (rdyes), Ievoiogktes gk idsd (`gscozdiogkte `g reads y ce`e), okuk`daoekgs, gta.
eadsoekdrek iþctopcgs `dôes d cd sdcu` y d ces GGQQ. Gk ce qug vd `gc dôe 864? d trdvïs `g cd
agktrdc `g iekoterge `gc AEGX yd sg augktd aek :6= rgpertgs per ccuvods oktgksds, sgmuo`e `g
:0 rgpertgs `g `gscozdiogktes, 72 rgpertgs `g budyaes y 80 rgpertgs `g okuk`daoekgs.

BWDKADZGCOAD 
JWGKPG> AEGX BWDKADZGCOAD 

7
 Gsagkdroe `g ro gsmes per ccuvods o ktgksds. Dmeste 8642. AGKGVXG@.
AGKGVXG@.
:
 

@eauigkte Pïakoae>
Vcdk `g Aektokmgkaod `gc Bespotdc `g Vdipds jrgktg d ces
Gjgates `g cds ccuvods Oktgksds, Okuk`daoekgs y Ievoiogktes gk idsd, 864?-8686 

Idpd K¶ 4 
Idpd `g susagptohoco`d` d okuk`daoekgs per ccuvods

Jugktg> AGKGVXG@.

 Dsoiosie, gcdherñ gc idpd `g Qusagptohoco`d` per Ievoiogktes gk Idsd, hdsd`e gk cds

aek`oaoekgs `gc tgrroteroe> pgk`ogktg, mgeierjecemod, cotecemod, bo`recemod y aehgrturd vgmgtdc y gc
?7). 
jdater `gsgkad`gkdktg (ccuvods oktgksds pgragktoc ?7). 

=
 

@eauigkte Pïakoae>
Vcdk `g Aektokmgkaod `gc Bespotdc `g Vdipds jrgktg d ces
Gjgates `g cds ccuvods Oktgksds, Okuk`daoekgs y Ievoiogktes gk idsd, 864?-8686 

Idpd K¶ 8
Idpd `g susagptohoco`d` d ievoiogktes gk idsd per ccuvods

Jugktg> AGKGVXG@. 
AGKGVXG@. 

2
 

@eauigkte Pïakoae>
Vcdk `g Aektokmgkaod `gc Bespotdc `g Vdipds jrgktg d ces
Gjgates `g cds ccuvods Oktgksds, Okuk`daoekgs y Ievoiogktes gk idsd, 864?-8686 

:.4.8 DKDCOQOQ @G CD ZWCKGXDHOCO@D@.

Gc IOKQD, pdrd gc dkäcosos `g cd vuckgrdhoco`d` dktg cd tgiperd`d `g ccuvods, 864? - 8686,

o`gktojoañ pdräigtres `g gvdcudaoñk qug sg `gsarohgk gk cd tdhcd K¶ =, tgkogk`e gk augktd ces
jdatergs `g gxpesoaoñk, jrdmoco`d`, rgsocogkaod y `dôes d cd sdcu`, ces audcgs, sg dkdcozdk y
`gsdrreccdk d aektokudaoñk>

  JDAPEX @G GRVEQOAOÑK.

  VEXAGKPDNG @G GQPDHCGAOIOGKPEQ @G QDCW@ (GGQQ) GRVWGQPEQ QGMÞK

QWQAGVPOHOCO@D@ JXGKPG D CDQ CCWZODQ.

Vdrd gc dkäcosos y adrdatgrozdaoñk `g cds ccuvods, sg gstdhcgaogrek `ostrotes aek iuy dctd
susagptohoco`d` d ievoiogktes `g idsd y d okuk`daoekgs. Cugme, sg o`gktojoañ gk gstes
`ostrotes ces gstdhcgaoiogktes `g sdcu` (GGQQ) gxpugstes d okuk`daoekgs y d ievoiogktes gk
idsd.

Vdrd `oabe dkäcosos, sg boze use `g cd okjeridaoñk `gc Xgmostre Kdaoekdc `g Okstotuaoekgs
Vrgstd`erds `g Qgrvoaoes `g Qdcu` (XGKOVXGQQ) qug, d nukoe `gc 864?, okjeriñ uk tetdc `g
228? GGQQ d kovgc kdaoekdc, pgrtgkgaogktgs dc Iokostgroe `g Qdcu` y Mehogrkes Xgmoekdcgs
(24:= GGQQ), GsQdcu` (1=1 GGQQ), Qdko`d` `g cd Jugrzd Dïrgd `gc Vgrþ (82 GGQQ),
Qdko`d` `gc Gngraote `gc Vgrþ (488 GGQQ), Qdko`d` `g cd Vecoaéd Kdaoekdc `gc Vgrþ (28
GGQQ), Qdko`d` `g cd Idrokd `g Mugrrd `gc Vgrþ (7= GGQQ).

Ver ce tdkte, gstg pdräigtre rgprgsgktd gc peragktdng `g GGQQ qug d kovgc `ostrotdc sg
gkaugktrdk uhoad`es gk zekds `g iuy dctd susagptohoco`d` d cds okuk`daoekgs y d ces
ievoiogktes `g idsd per ccuvods oktgksds. Gk dc rgmoñk Budkadvgcoad sg pug`gk o`gktojoadrek
`gcd somuogktg jerid>

GQPDHCGAOIOGKPEQ @G QDCW@ WHOAD@EQ GK CEQ @OQPXOPEQ VXOEXO^D@EQ JXGKPG D CEQ GJGAPEQ @G CDQ CCWZODQ - OKWK@DAOEKGQ

@OXGQD BWDKADZGCOAD 864?

KOZGC @G XOGQME
PEPDC @G @OQPXOPEQ
VXEZOKAOD PEPDC @G GGQQ
I W_ D CPE GGQQ D C PE GGQQ VXOEXO^D@EQ

BWD KAD Z GCOAD 6 6 ? 24 ? 24

DKMDXD GQ 6 6 1 84 1 84

DAEHD IHD 4 0 6 6 4 0

ADQPXEZ OXXG_KD 6 6 8 1 8 1
BWD _PDXD 6 6 1 : 1 :

PD_D ADND 4 0 1 47 0 4?

ABWXADIVD 6 6 0 48 0 48

PEPDC 8 2 80 412 8: 40:

J W G K P G > A G K P X E K D A OE K D C @ G G QP
QP OI D A OE K , V X G Z G K A OE K _ X G @ W A A OE K @ G C X OGQ
OGQ M E @ G @ G Q D Q
QP
PXGQ 864?

Gk gc somuogktg aud`re sg ehsgrvd qug `gktre `g ces `ostrotes gk rogsme per okuk`daoekgs `g iuy dcte
rogsme sg gkaugktrdk 2 GGQQ gxpugstes d gstg tope `g jgkñigke, iogktrds qug `gktre `g rogsme dcte sg
gkaugktrdk 412 GGQQ `g cd rgmoñk, bdaogk`e uk tetdc `g 40: GGQQ aek rogsme iuy dcte y dcte d
okuk`daoekgs uhoad`es gk ces 8: `ostrotes.

?
 

@eauigkte Pïakoae>
Vcdk `g Aektokmgkaod `gc Bespotdc `g Vdipds jrgktg d ces
Gjgates `g cds ccuvods Oktgksds, Okuk`daoekgs y Ievoiogktes gk idsd, 864?-8686 

  GQPDHCGAOIOGKPEQ @G QDCW@ WHOAD@ EQ GK CEQ @OQPXOPEQ

@OQPXOPEQ VXOEXO^D@EQ JXGKPG D CEQ GJGAPEQ @G CDQ C CWZOD Q - IEZOI OGKPEQ
OGKPEQ GK IDQD

@OXGQD
@OXGQD BWDKADZGCOAD 864 ?

KOZGC @G XOGQME GGQQ @GKPXE @G

PEPDC @G @OQPXOPEQ
VXEZOKAOD CEQ @OQPXOPEQ
VXOEXO^D@EQ
IW_ DC PE GGQQ D C PE GGQQ VXOEXO^D@EQ

BWDKADZ GCOAD ? 81 46 =2 4? 464

DKMDXDGQ 1 7 ? 01 48 02

DAEHDIHD 6 6 2 7: 2 7:
ADQPXEZ OXXG_KD ? 86 0 40 41 10

BWD_PDXD : 41 46 16 4: 01

PD_DADND 7 42 4: =8 84 ?6

ABWXADIVD 6 6 44 17 44 17

PEPDC 18 =? :2 182 466 06=

J W G K P G > A G K P X E K D A O E K D C @ G G QP
QP O I D A O E K , V X G Z G K A O E K _ X G @ W A A O E K @GC XOGQME @G @GQDQPXGQ 864?

Gk gc somuogktg aud`re sg ehsgrvd qug `gktre `g ces `ostrotes gk rogsme iuy dcte y dcte per ievoiogktes gk idsd
sg aekso`grñ dc 466% `g ces `ostrotes `g cd rgmoñk, `ek`g ces 06= GGQQ sg gkaugktrdk gxpugstes d gstg
jgkñigke eadsoekd`e per cds ccuvods oktgksds.

  JDAPEX @G JXDMOCO@D@.

   OKAO@GKAOD @G CD VEHXG^D.
Vdrd gc dkäcosos `g cd vuckgrdhoco`d` seaoegaekñioad sg aekso`grñ cd pehrgzd iekgtdrod, gk
gsg sgkto`e sg aekso`grd aeie pehrgs iekgtdroes d cds pgrsekds qug rgso`gk gk bemdrgs
auye mdste pgr aäpotd gs oksujoaogktg pdrd d`quoror ukd adkdstd häsoad `g dcoigktes y ke
dcoigktes (vovogk`d, vgsto`e, g`uadaoñk, sdcu`, trdkspertg, gktrg etres) :.

Cd aek`oaoñk `g pehrgzd aekstotuyg uk pdräigtre qug dkdcozd cd jrdmoco`d` `g cd pehcdaoñk

jrgktg d uk `gtgriokd`e pgcomre, pugs aektrohuyg d qug cd pehcdaoñk duigktg cds
prehdhoco`d`gs `g gkjgridr y ieror `urdktg cds gigrmgkaods y `gsdstrgs. Ver gcce, gs
ccuvods.  
oipertdktg o`gktojoadr cds ceadco`d`gs aek idyer jrdmoco`d` dktg ces gjgates `g cds ccuvods. 

Gk gc Vgrþ, gc aeipertdiogkte `g cd okao`gkaod `g cd pehrgzd tetdc `urdktg gc pgroe`e 866= dc

8642 iugstrd ukd tgk`gkaod dc `gsagkse< gk gc dôe 866=, gc peragktdng `g pehrgzd d kovgc
kdaoekdc jug `g
864= gc vdcer jug08.0%,
84.=%,vdcer qug hdnñ uk
prgsgktdk`e dc 86.=% gk gc dôe 864:<
comgre okargigkte sok gihdrme,
`gc 4.6%, pdrd8642,
pdrd gc dôe gc dôe
gc
vdcer hdne d 86.7%.  
:

   OK@OAD@EX @G CDQ AEHGXPWXDQ @G OKIWKO^DAOEKGQ AEKPXD GC KGWIEAEAE G

OKJCWGK^D.

Wke `g ces gjgates `g cds ccuvods gk cd sdcu` `g cds pgrsekds gs gc rogsme `g okargigkte `g
okjgaaoekgs rgspordterods dmu`ds pre`uao`ds per pdtñmgkes `ovgrses, aeie gc vorus `g cd
okjcugkzd e cd hdatgrod kguieaeae, per ce qug cds d`gaud`ds aehgrturds `g okiukozdaoekgs
aektrd gstes pdtñmgkes pgriotgk `osiokuor cd prehdhoco`d` `g d`quoror cd gkjgrig`d` e `g
prgsgktdr jerids mrdvgs `g gcces.

Gk gsg sgkto`e, ukd pehcdaoñk gxpugstd d ces gjgates `g cds ccuvods togkg igker jrdmoco`d` so

augktdk
okjcugkzd.aek d`gaud`ds aehgrturds `g okiukozdaoekgs aektrd gc kguieaeae y aektrd cd

: OKGO. Vgrþ> Gvecuaoñk `g c d Okao`gkaod `g cd Vehrgzd Iekgtdrod 866= -8642.

46
 

@eauigkte Pïakoae>
Vcdk `g Aektokmgkaod `gc Bespotdc `g Vdipds jrgktg d ces
Gjgates `g cds ccuvods Oktgksds, Okuk`daoekgs y Ievoiogktes gk idsd, 864?-8686 

AEHGXPWXD @G ZDAWKDAOEK AEKPXD CD OKJCWGK^D _ KGWIEAEAE GK IGKEXGQ @G 7 DÔEQ _

D@WCPEQ ID_EXGQ @OXGQD BWDKADZGCOAD GKGXE ‑ DMEQPE 864?
QGMWOIOGKPE VEX VXEZOKAOD, AEHGXPWXD
AEHGXPWXD @G ZDAWKDAOEK @G KGWIEAEAE G OKJCWGK^D, GK VEHCDAOEK @G XOGQME - @OXGQD
BWDKADZGCOAD 864?
ZDAWKDAOEK AEKPXD OKJCWGK^D ZDAWKDAOEK AEKPXD KGWIEAEAE
VXEZOKAOD KOÔEQ (DQ) 3 7 DÔEQ D@WCPE ID_EX ≧ :6 DÔEQ   KOÔEQ (DQ) 3 7 DÔEQ D@WCPE ID_EX ≧ :6 DÔEQ
IG
IGPD
PD ZDAW
ZDAWKD
KD@E
@EQQ AE
AEH.
H. % IG
IGPD
PD ZDAW
ZDAWKD
KD@E
@EQQ AEH.
AEH. % IG
IGPD
PD ZDAW
ZDAWKD
KD@E
@EQQ AEH.
AEH. % IGPD
IGPD ZDAW
ZDAWKD
KD@E
@EQQ AEH.
AEH. %
BWDKADZGCOAD :672 1,:06 :6.4 7802 :,4:1 44=.0 8:60 4,0:0 7:.8 140: 8,?01 ?1.7
PD_DADND 1?=0 1,878 24.2 1=7: :,?61 421.2 4:
4:24 ?:= 7=.7 8871 8,88? ?2.?
DKMDXDGQ 8277 4,?68 ::.: 8842 8,678 ?8.7 44
442: 7:4 0=.1 4116 ?:= =8.=
DAEHDIHD 8422 4,7?2 77.= 81:2 8,080 468.0 ?40 00: 77.= 4086 ?24 :?.4
ABWXADIVD 4:4: 4,1?= 2:.0 4==0 8,4?7 481.= :2: 008 :0.0 46:8 28? =2.4
BWD_PDXÄ 284 28= 466.= 4126 4,:0: 44?.1 18? 81: =4.= 28= 218 466.:
ADQPXEZOXXG_KD :10 ::7 460.? 4627 4,146 486.= 8=4 427 :2.1 :7
:76 :=8 461.0
XGMOEK
XGMOEK BZAD
BZAD 4240
4240:: 41824   =1.8  4=28? 88:?1   48=.1   =:=4
:=4 0164
164   7:.4   46:22
46:22 ?07
?0711   22.0
Jugktg> Qostgid `g Okjeridaoñk BOQIOKQ D, EMPO - IOKQD
Gkgre - Dmeste Okjeridaoñk ekcokg dc 7.6?.864?
864?
Vreagsd`e   6:.6?.864?

Gk gc somuogktg aud`re sg pug`g dprgaodr qug cds aehgrturds `g vdaukdaoñk aektrd Okjcugkzd gk koôes
igkergs `g 7 dôes y d`uctes idyergs gs `g =1.8% y 48=.1% rgspgatovdigktg, iogktrds qug aektrd gc
kguieaeae gk koôes igkergs `g 7 dôes gs `g 7:.4% y d`uctes idyergs gs 22.0%.

   VEXAGKPDNG @G DKGIOD GK VEHCDAOÑK OKJDKPOC, GKPXG CEQ : D 17 IGQGQ.

Cd dkgiod gk gc Vgrþ aekstotuyg uk prehcgid `g sdcu` pþhcoad mrdvg, yd qug sus

aeksgaugkaods rgpgrautgk kgmdtovdigktg gk gc `gsdrrecce `g koôds y koôes d kovgc aemkotove,
ieter, gieaoekdc y seaodc. Qus jdatergs `gtgriokdktgs sek iþctopcgs, dukqug d kovgc iuk`odc
uk mrdk peragktdng `g ces adses `g dkgiod pug`g dtrohuorsg d adrgkaods kutroaoekdcgs, qug gs
gc adse `gc Vgrþ.

 Dsoiosie, ïstd
ï std djgatd dc 71.2% `g
` g ces koôes gktrg
g ktrg ces : d 17 igsgs `g g`d` `g bemdrgs `g
ces quoktocgs seaoegaekñioaes iäs hdnes . Aekstotuygk`e, per ce tdkte, uk pdräigtre qug
=

aektrohuyg d duigktdr gc kovgc `g jrdmoco`d` `g `oabd pehcdaoñk jrgktg d gvgktes aeie cds
ccuvods y sus gjgates.

Vdrd gc dôe 8642, cd dkgiod gk gc Vgrþ djgate dc 01.7% `g cds koôds y koôes `g : d 17 igsgs
`g g`d`. Gk ces þctoies aokae dôes `osiokuye gk 8.? puktes peragktudcgs 2.

= @eauigkte Pïakoae> Vcdk Kdaoekdc pdrd cd Xg`uaaoñk y Aektrec `g cd Dkgiod Idtgrke Okjdktoc y cd @gskutroaoñk Arñkoad Okjdkt
Okjdktococ gk gc Vgrþ> 864=-8684
2 Okstotute kdaoekdc `g Gstd`éstoad g Okjeriätoad ‑ Gkaugstd @giemräjoad y `g Qdcu` Jdiocodr 8642.

44
 

@eauigkte Pïakoae>
Vcdk `g Aektokmgkaod `gc Bespotdc `g Vdipds jrgktg d ces
Gjgates `g cds ccuvods Oktgksds, Okuk`daoekgs y Ievoiogktes gk idsd, 864?-8686 

  JDAPEX @G XGQOCOGKAOD.


  GGQQ @G ID_EX ADVDAO@D@ XGQECWPOZD



Qgmþk cd KPQ K¶ 684-IOKQD/@MQV-Z.61 Kerid Pïakoad `g Qdcu` –Adtgmeréds `g

Gstdhcgaoiogktes `gc Qgater Qdcu`’, dprehd`d per Xgsecuaoñk Iokostgrodc K¶ 70:-8644/IOKQD,
sg `gjokg cd adpdao`d` rgsecutovd aeie cd adpdao`d` qug togkgk
togkg k ces GGQQ `g hrok`dr gc tope
t ope `g
sgrvoaoes kgagsdroes pdrd secuaoekdr cds `ovgrsds kgagso`d`gs `g cd pehcdaoñk, okacuygk`e cd
sdtosjdaaoñk `g ces usudroes (`gpgk`g `g cd gspgaodcozdaoñk y tgakojoadaoñk `g sus rgaurses).
Gk gsg sgkto`e, audkte idyer sgd cd adpdao`d` rgsecutovd `g uk GGQQ, idyer gs su
adpdao`d` pdrd rgsecvgr prehcgids rgcdaoekd`es aek ces gjgates `g cds ccuvods. Ver ce tdkte,
gstg pdräigtre ok`oad qug ces `ostrotes aek igker vuckgrdhoco`d` jrgktg d uk `gsdstrg sek
dqugcces `ostrotes qug augktdk aek GGQQ aek idyer adtgmeréd (adpdao`d` rgsecutovd), gk
rgcdaoñk d etres `ostrotes qug augktdk aek GGQQ aek igker adtgmeréd.

Qgmþk gc XGKOVXGQQ, d nukoe `gc 864?, okjeriñ uk tetdc `g 2,28? GGQQ d kovgc kdaoekdc,
pgrtgkgaogktgs dc Iokostgroe `g Qdcu` y Mehogrkes Xgmoekdcgs (24:= GGQQ), GsQdcu` (1=1
GGQQ), Qdko`d` `g cd Jugrzd Dïrgd `gc Vgrþ (82 GGQQ), Qdko`d` `gc Gngraote `gc Vgrþ (488
GGQQ), Qdko`d` `g cd Vecoaéd Kdaoekdc `gc Vgrþ (28 GGQQ), Qdko`d` `g cd Idrokd `g Mugrrd
`gc Vgrþ (7= GGQQ).

 Dsoiosie, sg o`gktojoañ qug gc ?:.8% `g ces `ostrotes d kovgc kdaoekdc augktdk aek GGQQ auyd
idyer adpdao`d` rgsecutovd aerrgspek`g d ces GGQQ `gc proigr kovgc `g dtgkaoñk< gc 8.1% `g
ces `ostrotes augktdk aek GGQQ auyd idyer adpdao`d` rgsecutovd aerrgspek`g dc sgmuk`e
kovgc `g dtgkaoñk< y, gc 6.: % `g ces `ostrotes augktdk aek GGQQ auyd adpdao`d` rgsecutovd
aerrgspek`g d uk tgragr kovgc `g dtgkaoñk. Qok gihdrme, gc 6.?% `g `ostrotes augktdk aek
GGQQ qug dþk ke bdk so`e adtgmerozd`es. Pdhcd K¶ 4.

Adhg prgaosdr qug cd pugrtd `g gktrd`d `g cd pehcdaoñk dc sostgid `g sdcu` gs gc proigr kovgc
`g dtgkaoñk, gk `ek`g sg `gsdrreccdk prokaopdcigktg datovo`d`gs `g preieaoñk `g cd sdcu`,
prgvgkaoñk `g rogsmes, `odmkñstoae prgaez y trdtdiogkte epertuke, dsé aeie rgjgrgkaod d
GGQQ `g idyer kovgc, so aerrgspek`g. Gste pcdktgd cd kgagso`d` `g aektdr aek ukd ejgrtd qug
rgspek`d d cds kgagso`d`gs `g cd pehcdaoñk.

Gk cd rgmoñk Budkadvgcoad gc 20% aerrgspek`g d GGQQ O-4 y O-8, gc 47% `g GQQ

aerrgspek`gk d cd Adtgmeréd O-1 y O-0< y sece gc 4% aerrgspek`g d GGQQ `gc sgmuk`e kovgc `g
dtgkaoñk, tdc aeie sg iugstrd gk gc somuogktg aud`re.

VEXAGKPDNG @G GGGQQ QGMÞK KOZGC @G DPGKAOEK

@OXGQD BWDKADZGCOAD
BWDKADZ GCOAD 864?

VXOI GX KOZ GC @G D PGKA OEK QGMWK@E KOZ GC @G D PGKA OEK  

VXEZOKAOD PEPDC GGQQ

ADP
ADPGM
GMEX
EXOD
OD O-4 ADP
ADPGM
GME
EXOD O-
O-8
8 ADP
ADPGM
GME
EXOD O-
O-1
1 ADPGM
ADPGMEX
EXOD
OD O-
O-0
0 ADPGM
ADPGMEX
EXOD
OD OO-
OO-4
4 ADPGM
ADPGMEX
EXOD
OD OO-
OO-8
8

BWDKADZ GCOAD =6 40 41 1 6 4 464

464
DKMDXDGQ 10 2 7 6 4 6 02
DAEHDIHD 01 7 = 4 4 6 7=
ADQPXEZ OXXG_KD 84 = 7 4 6 6 10
BWD_PDXD 82 ? 7 4 6 6 01
PD_DADND 7: 4= 41 8 4 6 2?
ABWXADIVD 88 2 0 4 6 6 17

PEPDC 8=0 :2 78 ? 1 4 06=

% :=.1 4:.= 48.2 8.8 6.= 6.8 466.6

JWGKPG>> EJOAOKD @G GQPD@OQPOAD G OKJEXIDPOAD - @OXGQD BWD KADZGCO AD
JWGKPG 48
 

@eauigkte Pïakoae>
Vcdk `g Aektokmgkaod `gc Bespotdc `g Vdipds jrgktg d ces
Gjgates `g cds ccuvods Oktgksds, Okuk`daoekgs y Ievoiogktes gk idsd, 864?-8686 

  AEKAGKPXDAOÑK @G GGQQ


@gjokg cd adkto`d` tetdc `g GGQQ `gc proigr kovgc `g dtgkaoñk aek ces qug augktd uk `ostrote.
Gk gsg sgkto`e, audkte idyer adkto`d` `g GGQQ tgkmd uk `ostrote, cd pehcdaoñk togkg idyer
pesohoco`d` `g daagse d cd dtgkaoñk `g sdcu` epertukd y tgiprdkd. Dsoiosie, gc `ostrote, dc
tgkgr idyer adkto`d` `g GGQQ, pug`g tgkgr dkocces `g aektgkaoñk qug gvotd cd aekmgstoñk `g
ces GGQQ `g tgragr kovgc gk adse `g qug sg prgsgktgk `dôes d cd sdcu` per gjgates `g ccuvods.

Ver ce tdkte, gstg pdräigtre ok`oad qug ces `ostrotes aek idyer vuckgrdhoco`d` jrgktg d uk
`gsdstrg sek dqugcces qug prgsgktdk ukd igker adkto`d` `g GGQQ, gk rgcdaoñk d etres
`ostrotes aek uk idyer kþigre `g GGQQ.

  GGQQ DJGAPD@EQ VEX GJGAPEQ @G CDQ CCWZODQ.



Gstg pdräigtre o`gktojoad ces GGQQ qug bdk so`e djgatd`es per `ostrote `urdktg cds þctoids 61
tgiperd`ds `g ccuvods `g idkgrd dauiucd`d, `gho`e d gjgates `g cds ccuvods oktgksds.

Ver ce tdkte, ces `ostrotes aek idyer vuckgrdhoco`d` sek dqugcces aek uk idyer kþigre `g
GGQQ djgatd`es gk cds þctoids 1 tgiperd`ds `g ccuvods, gk rgcdaoñk d etres `ostrotes aek
igker adkto`d` `g GGQQ djgatd`es gk gc iosie pgroe`e.

Gk cd þctoid tgiperd`d `g ccuvods `g ces dôes 8642 dc 864? d kovgc `g cd rgmoñk Budkadvgcoad
sg djgatdrek dprexoid`digktg 00 GGQQ ces audcgs sujrogrek `ojgrgktg tope `g djgatdaoñk
aeie okuk`daoekgs per joctrdaoñk `g dmud, y prgsgkaod `g buig`d` gk `ojgrgktgs ärgds, ces
GGQQ sg rgpertdrek djgatd`es epgrdtoves.

  JDAPEX @G @DÔEQ D CD QDCW@.



Qg `gjokg aeie ok`oad`er `g `dôes d cd sdcu`, d cd dmrupdaoñk `g ces `dtes gpo`gioecñmoaes

`g 2 `dôes trdzd`ergs rgcdaoekd`es aek ces gjgates `g cds ccuvods. Gstes `dôes trdzd`ergs
jugrek o`gktojoad`es tgkogk`e gk augktd qug cd idyer adkto`d` `g ccuvods gk kugstre pdés sg
prgsgktd gk ces igsgs `g vgrdke, `gho`e d qug ces sostgids dtiesjïroaes mgkgrd`ergs `g cds
41
 

@eauigkte Pïakoae>
Vcdk `g Aektokmgkaod `gc Bespotdc `g Vdipds jrgktg d ces
Gjgates `g cds ccuvods Oktgksds, Okuk`daoekgs y Ievoiogktes gk idsd, 864?-8686 

prgaopotdaoekgs prgsgktdk sus idyergs oktgkso`d`gs, ces audcgs sg vgk okargigktd`es

audk`e gxostg cd prgsgkaod `gc Jgkñigke Gc Koôe.

Gk gsg sgkto`e, cd idyer adkto`d` `g prgaopotdaoekgs y sus gjgates jdvergagk cd prepdmdaoñk

`g dmgktgs okjgaaoeses, mgkgrdk`e uk okargigkte `g gkjgrig`d`gs igtdxïkoads, zeekñtoads,
gktrg etrds?,46, prokaopdcigktg gktrg ces igsgs `g `oaogihrg d idrze gk aeipdrdaoñk d ces
igsgs `ek`g ke sg prgsgktd ccuvods< sogk`e cds prokaopdcgs gkjgrig`d`gs rgcdaoekd`ds aek
ces gjgates `g cds ccuvods, cds Gkjgrig`d`gs @odrrgoads Dmu`ds (G@D), gc @gkmug, Idcdrod
Zovdx y Jdcaopdrui, Cgptesporesos, gc ^old y Abolukmuyd. D`giäs, `urdktg gstes igsgs sg
pug`g ehsgrvdr uk okargigkte gk gc aeipertdiogkte `g cds kguiekéds gk igkergs `g 7
dôes.

Ver ce tdkte, gs oipertdktg o`gktojoadr d cds ceadco`d`gs aek idyer jrdmoco`d` dktg ces gjgates
`g cds ccuvods, qug pgriotd dc Qgater Qdcu` proerozdr sus oktgrvgkaoekgs gk `oabds ceadco`d`gs.
 D aektokudaoñk, sg `gsarohgk ces `dôes trdzd`ergs rgcdaoekd`es d ces gjgates `g cds ccuvods.

   GKJGXIG@D@ @ODXXGOAD DMW@D (G@D).

Gktrg cds sgidkds gpo`gioecñmoads (QG) 4 d cd 4: `gc dôe 864?, jugrek ketojoad`es gk koôes
igkergs `g 7 dôes :72 adses y `g 4 d 0 dôes 42?1 adses, `g ces audcgs 64 adse jug
bespotdcozd`e.

?
 Muoccgrie Xþd-Wrohg. Qeaog`d` Zgkgzecdkd `g Gkteieceméd. Gkjequgs Pgiätoaes gk gkteieceméd.866?.
gkteieceméd.866?. 
46
 Iertdco`d` per okjcugkzd y kguiekéd. Pgk`gkaod, gstdaoekdco`d` y prekñstoaes. Ndmógy Mrdk`g, 8668-8646. Xgvostd Iï`oad Gcgatrñkoad Zec.11. K¶:. Idtdkzds. Kev.-@oa. 8644. 
40
 

@eauigkte Pïakoae>
Vcdk `g Aektokmgkaod `gc Bespotdc `g Vdipds jrgktg d ces
Gjgates `g cds ccuvods Oktgksds, Okuk`daoekgs y Ievoiogktes gk idsd, 864?-8686 

Cds prevokaods qug rgmostrdk idyer adkto`d` `g adses gk ces dôes 8642 y 864? sek cds
prevokaods `g Budkadvgcoad y Pdydadnd aek 18,:% (?66 adses) y 87% (:2? adses) y pdrd
gc dôe 864? cd prevokaod `g Budkadvgcoad rgperte gc 10.0% (2== adses) y cd prevokaod `g
Pdydadnd 81.:% (:61 adses).

   KGWIEKÉDQ GK IGKEXGQ @G 7 DÔEQ.

Vdrd gc dôe 864?, `gs`g cd QG 4 bdstd cd QG 4:, sg bdk ketojoad`e :,660 adses `g kguiekéd
gk igkergs `g 7 dôes gk gc pdés< d`giäs sg bdk rgpertd`e 78 iugrtgs per kguiekéd. Gk gc
8642 gk gc iosie pgroe`e, sg ketojoañ 7,0?2 gpose`oes, cd POD jug `g 86.14 gpose`oes per 466
ioc bdh. Dsoiosie, sg ketojoañ :1 iugrtgs per kguiekéd.

Pdhcd K¶ 1
K¶ `g Gpose`oes, okao`gkaod y `gjukaoekgs per Kguiekéd Vgrþ 8640 -864?*

Dôes 8640 8647 864: 864= 8642 864?

K¶ `g adses 7,0?7 :,??0 :,80: 2,70: 7,0?2 :,660

Okao`gkaod per 46 4?.62 80.00 84.?7 16.4? 86.14 84.08

ioc bdh.
@gjukaoekgs :7 == :0 :1 :1 78

Jugktg> Agktre Kdaoekdc `g gpo`gioecemod, Vrgvgkaoñk y Aektrec `g Gkjgrig`d`gs  ‑ IOKQD (*) Bdstd cd QG 4:-864?

Mrdjoae K¶ 8

47
 

@eauigkte Pïakoae>
Vcdk `g Aektokmgkaod `gc Bespotdc `g Vdipds jrgktg d ces
Gjgates `g cds ccuvods Oktgksds, Okuk`daoekgs y Ievoiogktes gk idsd, 864?-8686 

K¶ `g Gpose`oes `g Kguiekéds gk igkergs `g 7 dôes, Vgrþ 8640 -864?*

Jugktg> Agktre Kdaoekdc `g gpo`gioecemod, Vrgvgkaoñk y Aektrec `g Gkjgrig`d`gs  ‑ IOKQD (*) Bdstd cd QG 4:-864?

 D`giäs, bdstd cd QG 4: `gc dôe 864?, gc 1:.?2% `g ces gpose`oes per kguiekéd sg
rgpertdrek gk gc mrupe `g :6 dôes d iäs, sgmuo`es per gc 84.?1% gk gc mrupe `g 4 d 0 dôes.
Cds tdsds `g okao`gkaod dauiucd`d jugrek dctds gk ces mrupes `g g`d` `g igker `g 4 dôe, `g
4 d 0 dôes y `g :6 dôes d iäs.

   @GKMWG.

Gk gc Vgrþ, bdstd cd QG 4: `gc dôe 864?, sg ketojoadrek 0,==8 adses `g `gkmug gk gc Vgrþ y
sg rgpertñ 46 adses jdccgao`es per `gkmug .  Gk gc dôe 8642, gk gc iosie pgroe`e, sg ketojoañ
8,1:4 adses `g `gkmug y cd tdsd `g okao`gkaod jug `g =.1= adses per 466 ioc bdh. Dsé iosie
sg ketojoañ 2 jdccgao`es per `gkmug.

Pdhcd K¶ 0
K¶ `g Gpose`oes, okao`gkaod y `gjukaoekgs per @gkmug Vgrþ 8640 -864?*

Dôes 8640 8647 864: 864= 8642 864?

K¶ `g adses :,?7? 46,728 48,0:8 87,1:6 8,1:4 0,==8

Okao`gkaod per 46
88.10 11.:4 1?.4: =?.8 =.1= 40.:=
ioc bdh.
@gjukaoekgs 42 86 81 14 2 46

Jugktg> Agktre Kdaoekdc `g gpo`gioecemod, Vrgvgkaoñk y Aektrec `g Gkjgrig`d`gs  ‑ IOKQD (*) Bdstd cd QG 4:-864?

Mrdjoae K¶ 1
K¶ `g Gpose`oes `g `gkmug, Vgrþ 8640 -864?* 
-864?* 

4:
 

@eauigkte Pïakoae>
Vcdk `g Aektokmgkaod `gc Bespotdc `g Vdipds jrgktg d ces
Gjgates `g cds ccuvods Oktgksds, Okuk`daoekgs y Ievoiogktes gk idsd, 864?-8686 

Jugktg> Agktre Kdaoekdc `g gpo`gioecemod, Vrgvgkaoñk y Aektrec `g Gkjgrig`d`gs  ‑ IOKQD (*) Bdstd cd QG 4:-864?

@gs`g cd QG 4 d cd QG 4: `gc dôe 864?, sek 847 `ostrotes ces qug rgpertdrek dc igkes uk adse
`g `gkmug, aekagktrd`es gc =6.1% `g gstes gk ces `gpdrtdigktes `g Cergte, Id`rg `g @oes,

 Dydauabe, Vourd y Cdihdygqug.

Gk cd `ostrohuaoñk `g adses `g @gkmug per mrupe `g g`d` pdrd gc dôe 864?, gc 1=.0=% `g ces
adses sg rgpertdrek gk gc mrupe `g 16 - 7? dôes y gc 87.84% gk gc mrupe `g 42 - 8? dôes.

   IDCDXOD.

Gk gc Vgrþ, bdy zekds aek dctd okao`gkaod `g adses `g idcdrod. Gk gsg sgkto`e, ces
`gpdrtdigktes aek idyer kþigre `g adses `g idcdrod gk ces þctoies 7 dôes sek> Cergte,
 Didzekds, Qdk Idrték, Nukék, y Cd Cohgrtd` 44.

@gs`g cd QG 4 bdstd cd QG 4: `gc dôe 864?, sg bdk ketojoad`e :,620 adses `g idcdrod gk gc
Vgrþ. Ke sg bd rgpertd`e iugrtg per gstd gkjgrig`d`. Gk gc 8642, gk gc iosie pgroe`e, sg

ketojoañ
`ostrotes 4:,?27
ces qugadses gk gc `gs`g
rgpertdrek Vgrþ y cdsgQG
ketojoañ
4 d cd8 iugrtgs perigkes
QG 4:, dc idcdrod.
uk Dsoiosie, sek 28
adse `g idcdrod,
aekagktrd`es gc ?=.7% `g gstes gk gc `gpdrtdigkte `g Cergte y Didzekds 44.

@gs`g cd QG 4 bdstd cd QG 4: `gc dôe 864?, gc 20.44% `g ces adses jugrek per idcdrod V
Zévdx (7,44= adses) y 47.22% jugrek per idcdrod V Jdcaopdrui (?:: adses).

44
 Qdcd Qotudaoekdc Vgrþ d cd QG 4: -864?> Agktre Kdaoekdc `g gpo`gioecemod, Vrgvgkaoñk y Aektrec `g Gkjgrig`d`gs ‑ IOKQD
4=
 

@eauigkte Pïakoae>
Vcdk `g Aektokmgkaod `gc Bespotdc `g Vdipds jrgktg d ces
Gjgates `g cds ccuvods Oktgksds, Okuk`daoekgs y Ievoiogktes gk idsd, 864?-8686 

Pdhcd K¶ 7
K¶ `g adses per tope `g Idcdrod y `gjukaoekgs
`gjukaoekgs Vgrþ 8640 -864?*

Dôes 8640 8647 864: 864= 8642 864?

V. vovdx 41,8:0 48,882 41,?08 44,71: 41,4?= 7,44=

V. Jdcaopdrui 4,2?7 8,:16 0,061 1,=:? 1,=22 ?::

V. Idcdrodg 4 8 4 4 6 4
Ketojoad`es 47,4:6 40,?48 42,10: 47,06: 4:,?27 :,620

@gjukaoekgs 6 4 8 8 8 4

Jugktg> Agktre Kdaoekdc `g gpo`gioecemod, Vrgvgkaoñk y Aektrec `g Gkjgrig`d`gs  ‑ IOKQD (*) Bdstd cd QG 4:-864?

Mrdjoae K¶ 0
K¶ `g adses `g idcdrod, Vgrþ 8640 -864?* 
8 640 -864?* 

Jugktg> Agktre Kdaoekdc `g gpo`gioecemod, Vrgvgkaoñk y Aektrec `g Gkjgrig`d`gs  ‑ IOKQD (*) Bdstd cd QG 4:-864?

Gk cd `ostrohuaoñk `g adses `g Idcdrod per mrupe `g g`d` pdrd gc dôe 864?, gc 01.80% `g ces
adses `g idcdrod sg rgpertdrek gk gc mrupe `g 6-44 dôes, gc 84.?:% `g ces adses sg
rgpertdrek gk gc mrupe `g 16-7? dôes y gc 4=.=0% gk gc mrupe `g 42-8? dôes. Cds tdsds `g
okao`gkaod dauiucd`d jugrek dctds gk ces mrupes `g g`d` `g 6 d 44 dôes, 48 d 4= y 42 d 8?
dôes.

  CGVPEQVOXEQOQ.

Gk gc Vgrþ, bdstd cd QG 4: `gc dôe 864?, sg bdk ketojoad`e 4,?87 adses `g cgptesporesos, aek :
`gjukaoekgs. Gk gc 8642, gk gc iosie pgroe`e, sg ketojoañ =0: adses gk gc Vgrþ, cd POD jug `g
8.61 adses per 466 ioc bdh. Dsoiosie, sg ketojoañ 8 jdccgao`es per cgptesporesos.

@gs`g
adse `gcdCgptesporesos,
QG 4 d cd QG aekagktrd`es
4: `gc dôe 864?, jugrek`g
gc 2:.6% 844 `ostrotes
gstes ces`gpdrtdigktes
gk ces qug rgpertdrek `g
dc igkes uk
Id`rg `g
@oes, Cergte, Dydauabe, Vourd, Puihgs y Ausae.

42
 

@eauigkte Pïakoae>
Vcdk `g Aektokmgkaod `gc Bespotdc `g Vdipds jrgktg d ces
Gjgates `g cds ccuvods Oktgksds, Okuk`daoekgs y Ievoiogktes gk idsd, 864?-8686 

Bdstd cd QG 4: `gc dôe 864?, gc `gpdrtdigkte `g Id`rg `g @oes jug gc qug rgperte gc Idyer
peragktdng `g adses aek 28: adses qug aerrgspek`g dc 08.?4%, sogk`e gc `gpdrtdigkte `g
Qdk Idrtok gc qug prgsgkte idyer adkto`d` `g jdccgao`es per cgptesporesos (0 jdccgao`es),
sgmuo`e `g Cergte y Nukék aek 4 jdccgao`e per ad`d rgmoñk

Gk cd `ostrohuaoñk `g adses `g cgptesporesos per mrupe `g g`d`, bdstd cd QG 4: `gc dôe 864?,
gc 1=.4?% `g ces adses `g cgptesporesos sg rgpertdrek gk gc mrupe `g 16-7? dôes y gc 82.21%
gk gc mrupe `g 42-8? dôes. Cds tdsds `g okao`gkaod dauiucd`d jugrek dctds gk ces mrupes `g
g`d` `g 42 d 8? dôes y `g 48 d 4= dôes.

  ^OLD.


Vdrd gc dôe 864?, `gs`g cd QG 4 bdstd cd QG 4: sg bdk ketojoad`e 0=: adses `g ^old gk gc
Vgrþ, sok rgpertdrsg iugrtgs gk ce qug vd `gc dôe. Gk gc 8642 gk gc iosie pgroe`e, sg
ketojoadrek :64 adses gk gc Vgrþ, cd POD jug `g 4.22 adses per 466 ioc bdh., ke sg ketojoañ
iugrtgs per ^old.

Bdstd cd QG 4: `gc dôe 864?, gc 14.?1% `g ces adses (478) sg rgpertdrek gk gc `gpdrtdigkte
`g Buäkuae, tgkogk`e cd POD iäs dctd aek 4=.46 per 466 ioc bdhotdktgs, sgmuo`e per gc
`gpdrtdigktes `g Adndidrad aek gc 87.20% `g adses (481) y Vourd aek 42.6=% `g adses
(2:). Dsoiosie, gk gc iosie pgroe`e, jugrek 70 `ostrotes ces qug rgpertdrek dc igkes uk adse
`g ^old, aekagktrd`es gc =7.2% `g gstes gk ces `gpdrtdigktes `g Buäkuae, Adndidrad y
Vourd.

Gk cd `ostrohuaoñk `g adses `g ^old per mrupe `g g`d`, gc idyer peragktdng sg aekagktrd gk gc

dôes.  
mrupe `g 16 ‑ 7? dôes aek gc 17.=4%, sgmuo`e aek uk 10.2=% gk gc mrupe `g 42 d 8? dôes. 

  ABOLWKMWK_D.


Vdrd gc dôe 864?, `gs`g cd QG 4 bdstd cd QG 4:, sg bdk ketojoad`e ?4 adses `g abolukmukyd
gk gc Vgrþ, ke sg rgpertdrek jdccgao`es. Gk gc dôe 8642, gk gc iosie pgroe`e, sg ketojoañ 4:6
adses gk gc Vgrþ, cd POD jug `g 6.76 adses per 466 ioc bdh. Ke sg ketojoadrek `gjukaoekgs.

 Dsoiosie, bdstd cd QG 4: - 864?, gc =6.11% `g ces adses (:0) sg rgpertdrek gk gc

`gpdrtdigkte `g Vourd, tgkogk`e cd POD iäs dctd aek 1.1= per 466 ioc bdhotdktgs. 
bdhotdktgs.  Gk gc iosie
pgroe`e `g togipe, sek 16 `ostrotes ces qug rgpertdrek dc igkes uk adse `g Abolukmukyd. Gc
2:.2% `g ces adses sg aekagktrdrek gk ces `gpdrtdigktes `g Vourd, Qdk Idrték y Wadydco.

4?
 

@eauigkte Pïakoae>
Vcdk `g Aektokmgkaod `gc Bespotdc `g Vdipds jrgktg d ces
Gjgates `g cds ccuvods Oktgksds, Okuk`daoekgs y Ievoiogktes gk idsd, 864?-8686 

:.4.1 @GPGXIOKDAOÑK @GC KOZGC @G XOGQME.

Gc gsagkdroe `g rogsme sg sustgktd gk cd adrdatgrozdaoñk `gc pgcomre ig`odktg ces `dtes y/e
rgmostres bostñroaes `g cd eaurrgkaod `gc jgkñigke d gstu`odr, aeie idmkotu`, oktgkso`d`,
rgaurrgkaod, gktrg etres.

 Dsoiosie, cd vuckgrdhoco`d` `g ces gcgigktes gxpugstes, cd okjeridaoñk gstd`éstoad `g ces `dôes

d cd sdcu`, dsé aeie gc dkäcosos `g cd okjrdgstruaturd `g ces GGQQ, gktrg etres, ce audc pgriotg
gcdherdr gc gsagkdroe prehdhcg gk gc Qgater Qdcu` jrgktg d cds ccuvods y sus pesohcgs
aeksgaugkaods.

Gk gsg sgkto`e, gc gsagkdroe `g rogsme jrgktg d cd tgiperd`d `g ccuvods d gsadcd kdaoekdc dyu`d d
o`gktojoadr zekds `g prehdhcg `dôe, gk cds audcgs gc IOKQD `ghg proerozdr sus oktgrvgkaoekgs.  

Vdrd cd gcdherdaoñk `gc gsagkdroe `g rogsme dktg cd tgiperd`d `g ccuvods d kovgc `ostrotdc, sg aektñ
aek gc dpeye `gc AGKGVXG@.

Gk gsg sgkto`e, gc AGKGVXG@ `gtgriokñ gc Kovgc `g Vgcomreso`d` d kovgc `ostrotdc, rgaepocdk`e y

dkdcozdk`e cd okjeridaoñk `ospekohcg `g cds okstotuaoekgs aogktéjoads y tïakoads, aeie sek>
QGKDIBO, OKMGIIGP, GKJGK g OK@GAO, rgdcozdk`e cd o`gktojoadaoñk y adrdatgrozdaoñk `gc
jgkñigke, pdrd ce audc sg `gsarohoñ cd `ostrohuaoñk `g cds ccuvods `gc pgragktoc ?7, adtgmerozd`d
aeie ccuvods iuy jugrtgs, cds ccuvods prgsgktd`ds `urdktg ces gvgktes Gc Koôe y cd susagptohoco`d`
`gc tgrroteroe pgrudke d cds okuk`daoekgs y ievoiogktes `g idsd Ver aeksomuogktg, sg
`gtgriokdrek ces kovgcgs `g susagptohoco`d` d cd eaurrgkaod `g okuk`daoekgs y ievoiogkte `g
idsd, `d`ds cds aek`oaoekgs `gc tgrroteroe, cd pehcdaoñk y gc jdater `gsgkad`gkdktg (ccuvods
jugrtgs).

Pdhcd K¶ :
Vdräigtres pdrd cd gvdcudaoñk `gc kovgc `g pgcomre.
JWGKPG @G
AEIVEKGKPG @GKEIOKDAOÑK @GC VDXÄIGPXE @G GZDCWDAOÑK
ZGXOJOADAOÑK*

Idpd `g susagptohoco`d` `gc tgrroteroe pgrudke d cds okuk`daoekgs per ccuvods jugrtgs (4?24 dc 8647). AGKGVXG@ /
QGKDIBO /
OKMGIIGP /
Idpd `g susagptohoco`d` `gc tgrroteroe pgrudke d ievoiogktes `g idsd per ccuvods jugrtgs. GKJGK / OK@GAO
Jugktg> AGKGVXG@, aek `dtes preperaoekd`es per QGKDIBO, OKMGIIGP, GKJGK g OK@GAO.

Ver etre cd`e, pdrd `gtgriokdr gc kovgc `g vuckgrdhoco`d` gk sdcu` jrgktg d cds ccuvods, gc IOKQD
o`gktojoañ ces somuogktgs pdräigtres, qug sg `gtdccdk gk cd somuogktg tdhcd.

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