MECANICA NEWTONIANA

John Sandino

Ejercicios TEMAS 3 cinemática

Estos problemas fueron sacados de diversos textos de Mecánica, entre ellos: Kleppner,
Alonso y Finn, Sears and Zemanzky

1. Un cuerpo que se mueve con movimiento rectilíneo uniformemente

acelerado viaja 55 pies en 2s. Durante los próximos 2s cubre 77 pies calcular la
velocidad inicial del cuerpo y su aceleración ¿Qué distancia recorrerá en los
próximos cuatro segundos? Exprese su resultado en m/s
1. La aceleración de un cuerpo que se mueve a lo largo de una línea recta está
2
dada por 𝑎 = 4 − 𝑡^2 donde 𝑎 se da en 𝑚/𝑠 y 𝑡 en 𝑠 encontrar las
expresiones de la velocidad y el desplazamiento en función del tiempo y
suponiendo que para 𝑡 = 3𝑠, 𝑣 = 2𝑚/𝑠 y 𝑥 = 9 𝑚.
2. La posición de un cuerpo en movimiento en función del tiempo se representa
en la figura inferior indicar
a. Donde el movimiento es en la dirección positiva y negativa de las x
b. Cuando el movimiento es acelerado o retardado
c. Cuando el cuerpo pasa por el origen
d. Cuando la velocidad es cero.

hacer también un esquema de la velocidad y la aceleración en función del

tiempo. Estimar del gráfico la velocidad promedio entre

e. 𝑡 = 1. 0𝑠 y 𝑡 = 3. 0𝑠
f. 𝑡 = 1. 0𝑠 y 𝑡 = 2. 2𝑠
g. 𝑡 = 1. 0𝑠 y 𝑡 = 1. 8𝑠
3. La Rueda A cuyo radio tiene 30 𝑐𝑚 parte del reposo y aumenta su velocidad
angular uniformemente a razón de 0. 4π 𝑟𝑎𝑑/𝑠. La rueda transmite su
movimiento de la Rueda B mediante una correa C, obtener la relación entre
las aceleraciones angulares y los radios de las 2 ruedas. Encontrar el tiempo
necesario para que la rueda B alcance una velocidad angular de 300𝑟𝑝𝑚.

4. Demostrar que para un movimiento plano bajo aceleración constante 𝑎, se

cumple la siguiente relación:
2 2
𝑣 = 𝑣𝑜 + 2𝑎∙(𝑟 − 𝑟𝑜)

𝑟=
1
2 (𝑣 − 𝑣𝑜)𝑡 + 𝑟𝑜
5. Un cazador apunta a una ardilla que se encuentra en la rama de un árbol. En
el momento que él dispara su rifle ardilla se deja caer de la rama. Demostrar
que si la ardilla no se hubiera movido podría seguir viviendo.
6. A ship is steaming parallel to a straight coastline, distance 𝐷 offshore, at speed
𝑉. A Coastguard cutter, whoses speed is 𝑣 (< 𝑉) sets out from a port to
intercept the ship.

a. Show that the cutter must start out before the ship passe a point
2 2 1/2
(
𝐷 𝑉 −𝑣 ) /𝑣 back along the coast. (Hint: Draw a vector diagram
to show the velocity of the cutter as seen from the ship)
b. If the cutter starts out at latest possible moment, where and when
does it reach the ship?
 c. Try to stablish equations from an observer at the coast, analyze the
difficulty or facility of this procedure. Why the solution still valid and
should be the same in both situations?
7. At 12:00 ship A is 10km east and 20km north of a certain port. It is steaming at
40km/h in a direction 30° easty north. At the same time ship B is 50km east
and 40 km north of the port, and is steaming ay 20 km/hr in direction 30°west
of north. (a) Draw a diagram if this situation, and find the velocity of B relative
to A. (b) If the ships continue to move with the above velocities, what is their
closest distance to one another and when does it occur?
8. A peaked roof is symmetrical and subtends a right angle, as shown. Standing
at a height of distance ℎ below the peak, with what initial speed must a ball
be thrown so that it just clears the peak and hits the other side of the roof at
the same height?

9. An athlete stands at the peak of a hill that slopes downward uniformly at

angle φ. At what angle θ from the horizontal should they throw a rock so that
it has the greatest range? Compare the result with that given in the class.
10.
2
11. A particle moves along the curve 𝑦 = 𝐴𝑥 such as its position given by
𝑥 = 𝐵𝑡. (a) Express the vector position of the particle in the form
^ ^
𝑟(𝑡) = 𝑥𝑖 + 𝑦𝑗.
(b) Calculate the speed 𝑣(= 𝑑𝑠/𝑑𝑡) of the particle along this path at an
arbitrary instant t.
(c) Draw sketches of position, velocity, and acceleration as functions of time.
12. For a smooth (“low jerk”) ride, an elevator is programmed to start from rest
and accelerate according to
𝑎(𝑡) = ( )⎡⎣1 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠(
𝑎𝑚
2
2π𝑡
𝑇 )⎤⎦ 0≤𝑡≤𝑇

𝑎𝑚
𝑎(𝑡) = − 2 ⎣ ( )⎤⎦
⎡1 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠
2π𝑡
𝑇
𝑇 ≤ 𝑡 ≤ 2𝑇

where 𝑎𝑚 is the maximum acceleration and 2T is the total time for the trip.
(a) Draw sketches of 𝑎(𝑡) and the jerk as functions of time.
(b) What is the elevator’s maximum speed?
(c) Find an approximate expression for the speed at short times near the start
of the ride, 𝑡 ≪ 𝑇.
(d) What is the time required for a trip of distance D?
13. A sportscar, Electro-Fiasco I, can accelerate uniformly to 100 km/h
in 3.5 s. Its maximum braking rate cannot exceed 0.7g. What is the
minimum time required to go 1.0 km, assuming it begins and ends
at rest?
14. By relative velocity we mean velocity with respect to a specified coordinate
system. (The term velocity, alone, is understood to be relative to the
observer’s coordinate system.) (a) A point is observed to have velocity vA
relative to coordinate system A. What is its velocity relative to coordinate
system B,
which is displaced from system A by distance R? (R can change in time.) (b)
Particles a and b move in opposite directions around a circle with angular
speed ω, as shown. At t = 0 they are both at the point r = lˆj, where l is the
radius of the circle. Find the velocity of a relative to b
15. 2.99 ...A ball is thrown straight up from the edge of the roof of a building. A
second ball is dropped from the roof 1.00 s later. You may ignore air
resistance. (a) If the height of the building is 20.0 m, what must the initial
speed of the first ball be if both are to hit the ground at the same time? On
the same graph, sketch the position of each ball as a function of time,
measured from when the first ball is thrown. Consider the same situation, but
 now let the initial speed of the first ball be given and treat the height h of the
building as an unknown. (b) What must the height of the building be for both
balls to reach the ground at the same time (i) if is and (ii) if is (c) If is greater
than some value a value of h does not exist that allows both balls to hit the
ground at the same time. Solve for The value has a simple physical
interpretation. What is it? (d) If is less than some value a value of h does not
exist that allows both balls to hit the ground at the same time. Solve for The
value also has a simple physical interpretation. What is it? Vminvmin

16.
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18.

19.
20. A student at home, while attend the Newtonian Mechanics class sees a
water-filled balloon fall vertically past his window. Having lightning reflexes,
he observes that the balloon took 0.15 s to pass from top to bottom of his
window-a distance of 2m. Assuming that the balloon was released from rest,
could you find the neighbor who release the balloon? With what precision
could you say that?
21.
22. Halle la expansión en series de
a. 𝑙𝑛⁡(1 + 𝑥) 𝑥≪1
b. 𝑙𝑜𝑔 10(1 + 𝑥) 𝑥≪1